query: When was Rolex founded?

title: Rolex

text: Rolex SA (/ˈroʊlɛks/) is a Swiss luxury watchmaker. Originally founded as Wilsdorf and Davis by Hans Wilsdorf and Alfred Davis in London in 1905, the company registered Rolex as the brand name of its watches in 1908.[3][4][5] In 1919, the company moved its base of operations to Geneva, Switzerland in order to avoid heavy taxation from a recovering post-war Britain, and "Montres Rolex S.A." was registered as the new company name by Hans Wilsdorf in Geneva in 1920.[4][6][7] Since 1960, the company has been owned by the Hans Wilsdorf Foundation, a private family trust.[5][8][9]

title: Rolex

text: In a famous murder case, the Rolex on Ronald Platt's wrist eventually led to the arrest of his murderer, Albert Johnson Walker—a financial planner who had fled from Canada when he was charged with 18 counts of fraud, theft, and money laundering. When the body was found in the English Channel in 1996 by a fisherman named John Coprik,[80] a Rolex wristwatch was the only identifiable object on the body.[80] Since the Rolex movement had a serial number and was engraved with special markings every time it was serviced, British police traced the service records from Rolex and identified the owner of the watch as Ronald Platt. In addition, British police were able to determine the date of death by examining the date on the watch calendar. Since the Rolex movement was fully waterproof and had a reserve of two to three days of operation when inactive, they were able to determine the time of death within a small margin of error.[80][81]

title: Rolex

text: In 1910, the first watchmaker to earn chronometer certification for a wristwatch (1910)[9] Rolex is the largest manufacturer of Swiss made certified chronometers. In 2005, more than half the annual production of COSC certified watches were Rolexes.[38] To date, Rolex still holds the record for the most certified chronometer movements in the category of wristwatches.[9] In 1926, produced the world's first waterproof wristwatch, Rolex Oyster.[39] Rolex was the second watch company to create a water resistant wristwatch that could withstand pressure to a depth of 330 feet (100m).[40] Wilsdorf even had a specially made Rolex watch (the watch was called the "DeepSea") attached to the side of Trieste, which went to the bottom of the Mariana Trench. The watch survived and tested as having kept perfect time during its descent and ascent. This was confirmed by a telegram sent to Rolex the following day saying "Am happy to confirm that even at 11,000 metres your watch is as precise as on the surface. Best regards, Jacques Piccard".[9] In 1931, produced first self-winding Rolex wristwatch was offered to the public in 1931 (so-called the "bubbleback" due to the large caseback), preceded to the market by Harwood which patented the design in 1923 and produced the first self-winding watch in 1928, powered by an internal mechanism that used the movement of the wearer's arm. This not only made watch-winding unnecessary, but kept the power from the mainspring more consistent resulting in more reliable timekeeping. In 1945, introduced the first wristwatch with an automatically changing date on the dial (Rolex Datejust Ref. 4467).[17] In 1953, The first wristwatch case waterproof to 100m (330ft) (Rolex Oyster Perpetual Submariner Ref.6204, 1953)[41] In 1954, The first wristwatch to show two time zones at once (Rolex GMT Master ref.6542, 1954)[42] In 1956, The first wristwatch with an automatically changing day and date on the dial (Rolex Day-Date, 1956)[43]

title: Rolex

text: List of watch manufacturers Rolex Awards for Enterprise Rolex Mentor and Protégé Arts Initiative Rolex Tower

title: Rolex Oysterquartz

text: The conception of the Datejust Oysterquartz dates to the beginning of the 1970s. The design of the watch is far removed from the classic Rolex line and carved characteristics of the period: a completely angular case, an integrated band with a polished finish and sapphire glass. Regarding the materials used to make this watch, the whole range consisted of three versions: gold, steel with white gold bezel and steel and yellow gold. At the start, the Datejust Oysterquartz was somewhat overlooked in Europe; however, it was much sought after on the Asian and American markets. A renewed interest in the watch was sparked when Rolex decided to take the Oysterquartz out of its catalogue and thus out of production. The era of the Rolex quartz watch ended in 2001, having lasted less than three decades. The Rolex Datejust Oysterquartz began to appear in the most important auction houses’ catalogues, becoming a highly valued object on the collector's market.

title: Rolex Datejust

text: The Rolex Oyster Perpetual Datejust is a certified, self-winding chronometer wristwatch manufactured by Rolex. When it was launched in 1945, the Datejust was the first wristwatch with an automatically changing date function.

title: Rolex

text: By the start of World War II Royal Air Force pilots were buying Rolex watches to replace their inferior standard-issue watches. However, when captured and sent to POW camps, their watches were confiscated.[17] When Hans Wilsdorf heard of this, he offered to replace all watches that had been confiscated and not require payment until the end of the war, if the officers would write to Rolex and explain the circumstances of their loss and where they were being held. Wilsdorf was in personal charge of the scheme.[73][74] As a result of this, an estimated 3,000 Rolex watches were ordered by British officers in the Oflag (prison camp for officers) VII B POW camp in Bavaria alone.[73] This had the effect of raising the morale among the allied POWs because it indicated that Wilsdorf did not believe that the Axis powers would win the war.[73][75] American servicemen heard about this when stationed in Europe during WWII and this helped open up the American market to Rolex after the war.[17]

title: Rolex Yacht-Master

text: The Rolex Yacht-Master is a sport watch made by Rolex, first introduced in 1992 with the model 16628 in 18-carat yellow gold. In 1994, Rolex released a lady's model (69628) and a mid-size man's model (68628), which was the first time Rolex had ever issued a smaller professional size watch. In 1996, Rolex introduced two-tone (stainless steel and 18-carat yellow gold) to the lady's and mid-size line.

title: Rolex

text: Rolex SA and its subsidiary Montres Tudor SA design, manufacture, distribute and service wristwatches sold under the Rolex and Tudor brands. In 2018, Forbes ranked Rolex SA as the world's 71st most valuable brand.[10] As of 2018, among the world's top ten most expensive watches ever sold at auctions, three are Rolex watches. In particular, Paul Newman's Rolex Daytona currently holds the title of the most expensive wristwatch and the second most expensive watch ever sold at auction, reaching a final price of 17.75 million US dollars in New York on October 26th, 2017.[11][12][13]

title: Rolex

text: Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh had a specially designed experimental Rolex Oyster Perpetual Deep-Sea Special strapped to the outside of their bathyscaphe during the 1960 Challenger Deep / Mariana Trench dive to a world-record depth of 10,916 metres (35,814ft). When James Cameron conducted a similar dive in 2012, a specially designed and manufactured Rolex Oyster Perpetual Sea-Dweller Deep Sea Challenge watch was being "worn" by his submarine's robotic arm.[85]

title: Blood Moon: Year of the Wolf

text: In December 2012, The Game founded a new record label, Rolex Records along with rapper Stat Quo. Following its founding, he bought his entire team at the record label Rolex watches. After a six-month legal battle with Rolex, he was forced to change the name and logo of the record label. He officially would then change the name of the label to The Firm, which then became Blood Money Entertainment. The label signed West Coast rappers Skeme and Dubb as its first two artists.

title: Rolex Sports Car Series

text: The Rolex Sports Car Series was the premier series run by the Grand American Road Racing Association. It was a North American-based sports car series founded in 2000 under the name Grand American Road Racing Championship to replace the failed United States Road Racing Championship. Rolex took over as series sponsor in 2002.

title: Rolex Day-Date

text: The Rolex Oyster Perpetual Day-Date is a COSC certified, self-winding chronometer manufactured by Rolex. Initially presented in 1956, the Day-Date was the first watch to display the date, as well as the day, in its entirety. The Day-Date is one of Rolex's watches that is made only in solid 18k yellow gold, 18k white gold, 18k everose gold (Rolex's version of 18k rose gold) and platinum (PT950). Additionally Rolex manufactures a specific bracelet only available for the Day-Date line, the President bracelet. Due to the name of this bracelet, the Rolex Oyster Perpetual Day-Date is commonly referred to as "Rolex president" or "presidential Rolex".

title: Rolex

text: Rolex SA offers products under the Rolex and Tudor brands. Montres Tudor (SA) has designed, manufactured and marketed Tudor watches since 6 March 1946. Rolex founder Hans Wilsdorf conceived of the Tudor Watch Company to create a product for authorized Rolex dealers to sell that offered the reliability and dependability of a Rolex, but at a lower price.[28] The number of Rolex watches was limited by the rate that they could produce in-house Rolex movements, thus Tudor watches were originally equipped with off-the-shelf movements while using similar quality cases and bracelets.[29]

title: Rolex 12

text: The origin of the name Rolex 12 came from a widespread story and some sources that each associate received a Rolex watch from Marcos himself, although this remains unverified. Some contend that the gifts were actually Omega watches, but despite this confusion, the name Rolex 12 stuck and is still used to refer to these twelve Marcos associates. Some of them fled with Marcos when he and his family left the Philippines in 1986, while others like Enrile and Ramos were instrumental in the coup against him.

title: Supercars Championship

text: The series had previously been broadcast by the Seven Network, from 1963 to 1996 and from 2007 to 2014, Network Ten and Fox Sports from 1997 to 2006 and from 2015 onwards, During the years of Network Ten and Fox Sports continued to broadcast the series once a year for the Melbourne 400 championship races, which are a support category at the Formula One Rolex Australian Grand Prix, which was broadcast by Ten and Fox Sports. Previously when the Nine Network held the Formula One Rolex Australian Grand Prix broadcast rights in Australia, they would broadcast the Supercars support races at the Formula One Rolex Australian Grand Prix. All support category races were tied up with the Formula One Rolex Australian Grand Prix broadcast rights as a package.

title: Rolex Daytona

text: The original Daytona watches were not in demand when produced, and were relatively inexpensive ($210 + tax when introduced), but later became highly collectible and fetched high prices at auction. In 1988, a stainless "Paul Newman" Daytona (Ref. 6241) was listed in an auction catalog with an estimated closing price of $3,000 to $3,500. In 2013, during a special Rolex Daytona-themed auction held in Geneva on 10 November, Christie's sold a rare Rolex Daytona Ref. 6263 in steel, manufactured in 1969, for (well over one million US dollars).

title: Counterfeit watch

text: Rolex counterfeits are illegally manufactured replicas of Rolex watches. Rolex watches have often been more susceptible to counterfeiting compared to other luxury watches, due their brand enjoying the highest worldwide awareness and ubiquity of their design trademarks (for instance, the Rolex Submariner has inspired plenty of imitations from both higher-end and lower-end legitimate watch makers). Counterfeit Rolex watches commonly retail anywhere from $5 to upwards of $1,000; the latter for high-end replicas with portions fabricated from solid karat gold (although most gold Rolex fakes utilize gold electroplating). Such watches are known by several nicknames such as "Fauxlex". The fake Rolex trade has become segmented and the products marketed using glossy color brochures and catalogues containing counterfeited wares produced in China and offered for sale to retail vendors throughout Asia.

text: The mentoring programme grew out of a desire by Rolex, the Swiss watch company, to support artists in the same way that the Rolex Awards for Enterprise were supporting scientists, conservationists and explorers. Two years of research in the 1990s led to the discovery that mentorship of individual young artists was lacking, and the international initiative was founded to nurture young dancers, musicians, theatre directors, writers, visual artists and film-makers.

title: Hans Wilsdorf

text:
After Mercedes Gleitze, Hans Wilsdorf turned to land speed king, Sir Malcolm Campbell to represent Rolex as a brand ambassador. Malcolm Campbell shattered land-speed records 9 times between 1924 and 1935.
In 1931, four years after Rolex shocked the world with the Rolex Oyster which was the first waterproof watch, they launched the worlds first wristwatch with an automatic mechanical movement, which they dubbed "The Rolex Perpetual". The Rolex Perpetual would automatically wind its movement by harnessing energy captured from a bi-directional rotor that would pivot on a center axis inside the Rolex watch. Just like the Rolex Oyster, the Rolex Perpetual was another horological game-changer.
By the start of World War II Royal Air Force pilots were buying Rolex watches to replace their inferior standard-issue watches. However, when captured and sent to POW camps, their watches were confiscated. When Wilsdorf heard of this, he offered to replace all watches that had been confiscated and not require payment until the end of the war, if the officers would write to Rolex and explain the circumstances of their loss and where they were being held. Wilsdorf personally oversaw this effort.
Hans Wildorf's first wife, "Florence Frances May Wilsdorf—Crotty" never had any children, and passed away from an illness during World War II in 1944. In 1945 Hans Wilsdorf setup the Hans Wilsdorf Foundation, to which he handed over his 100% ownership stake. The Hans Wilsdorf Foundation owns and controls Rolex to this day, and donates a great deal of its income to charity and social causes in Geneva, Switzerland.
In 1945 Rolex set another horological precedent when they introduced the first wrist watch to feature an aperture window that automatically showed the date by using a date-wheel. The Rolex Datejust was another game-changing first in the world of horology, and ended up on the wrist of many famous world leaders including Sir Winston Churchill and U.S. President, Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Wilsdorf also established the high quality, lower-priced watch brand "Tudor", a subsidiary company of Rolex, in 1946. On March 6, 1946 Hans Wilsdorf made the following statement regarding the Tudor brand"

title: Rolex

text: Rolex founder Hans Wilsdorf created the Air-King line to honor RAF pilots of the Battle of Britain. By 2007, the 1142XX iteration of the Air-King featured a COSC-certified movement in a 34mm case, considered by some a miniaturized variant of the 39mm Rolex Explorer as both watches featured very similar styling cues; the 34mm Air-King lineup was the least expensive series of Oyster Perpetual. In 2014 the Air-King was dropped, making the Oyster Perpetual 26/31/34/36/39 the entry-level Rolex line. In 2016 Rolex reintroduced the Air-King, available as a single model (number 116900), largely similar to its predecessors but with a larger 40mm case, and a magnetic shield found on the Rolex Milgauss; indeed the new 40mm Air-King is slightly cheaper than the 39mm Explorer (the Explorer lacks the magnetic shield but its movement has Paraflex shock absorbers that are not found in the Air-King's movement).[63][64][65][66][67]

title: Rolex Monterey Motorsports Reunion

text: In 2017, the Rolex Monterey Motorsports Reunion won the FIA Founding Members' Heritage Cup for Motorsport Event of the Year, the first event at an American venue to receive the prestigious award.

title: Alexis Belonio

text: As an associate professor of agricultural engineering at the Central Philippine University, he received $50,000 and a chronometer from the Rolex company for being included in the five Associate Laureates of the Rolex Award for Enterprise. Belonio was 48 years old when he received the award, and said that he would use the money he received in promoting and disseminating his technology to other people without asking anything in return, by publishing information about the invention and establishing a Center for Rice Husk Technology in Iloilo, Philippines. The actual formal recognition of Belonio by Rolex as the first Filipino Associate Laureate of the Rolex Award was held at The Manila Peninsula in the City of Makati on January 21, 2009.

title: The Game (rapper)

text: Blood Money Entertainment is an American independent record label. In December 2012, The Game founded a new record label, Rolex Records, along with rapper Stat Quo. Following its founding, he bought his entire team at the record label Rolex watches. After a six-month legal battle with Rolex, he changed the name and logo of the record label to The Firm, which then became Blood Money Entertainment. The label has signed West Coast rappers Skeme, King Marie, Pharaoh Jackson and Dubb.Game has two sons and one daughter, Harlem Caron Taylor (born 2003), King Justice Taylor (born 2007) and California "Cali" Dream Taylor (born 2010).

title: Rolex Sports Car Series

text:
Due to the series' affiliation with NASCAR, many Sprint Cup Series drivers occasionally participated in Rolex Series races, particularly the 24 Hours of Daytona.
Speed Channel was the near-exclusive broadcaster of the Rolex Sports Car Series and included coverage of the 6 Hours of Watkins Glen and the 24 Hours of Daytona. On August 17, 2013, Fox Sports 1 became the new near-exclusive broadcaster for the Rolex Sports Car Series until 2014 when both Rolex Sports Car Series and American Le Mans Series form United Sports Car Racing.

title: Rolex Datejust

text: The Datejust is offered with two classic Rolex bracelets: the Jubilee and the Oyster. The original Datejust was launched with a case size of 36mm. Later, however, ladies' and mid-sized versions became available. The Turn-O-Graph model was introduced in 1955 as an award given to US Air Force pilots returning from combat missions. It featured a rotating bezel marked to 60 minutes, which can be used to measure time intervals. Datejusts of this type have been nicknamed "Thunderbirds". Chuck Yeager wore one of these models when he broke the sound barrier. This would be the basis for the Rolex Explorer (designed for Sir Edmund Hillary's Mount Everest expedition), the Rolex Submariner, and the Rolex Sea Dweller.

title: Wearing My Rolex

text: "Wearing My Rolex" is a 2008 single from British grime artist Wiley, who is a founding member of the Roll Deep crew. Described as "grime-meets-electro" on BBC Radio 1Xtra, the song samples DSK's song "What Would We Do" and its lyrics "usually, bubble." and was released on 5 May 2008 by Asylum/Atlantic Records. The track was produced by Bow producer Bless Beats. "Wearing My Rolex" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart.

title: Rolex

text: Mercedes Gleitze was the first British woman to swim the English Channel on 7 October 1927. However, as John E. Brozek (author of The Rolex Report: An Unauthorized Reference Book for the Rolex Enthusiast) points out in his article "The Vindication Swim, Mercedes Gleitze and Rolex take the plunge", some doubts were cast on her achievement when a hoaxer claimed to have made a faster swim only four days later. Hence Gleitze attempted a repeat swim with extensive publicity on 21 October, dubbed the "Vindication Swim". For promotional purposes, Hans Wilsdorf offered her one of the earliest Rolex Oysters if she would wear it during the attempt. After more than 10 hours, in water that was much colder than during her first swim, she was pulled from the sea semi-conscious seven miles short of her goal. Although she did not complete the second crossing, a journalist for The Times wrote "Having regard to the general conditions, the endurance of Miss Gleitze surprised the doctors, journalists and experts who were present, for it seemed unlikely that she would be able to withstand the cold for so long. It was a good performance". As she sat in the boat, the same journalist made a discovery and reported it as follows: "Hanging round her neck by a ribbon on this swim, Miss Gleitze carried a small gold watch, which was found this evening to have kept good time throughout". When examined closely, the watch was found to be dry inside and in perfect condition. One month later, on 24 November 1927, Wilsdorf launched the Rolex Oyster watch in the United Kingdom with a full front page Rolex advert in the Daily Mail. The Vienna Herald described the 1969 Apollo moon landing as: 'an event almost as significant as the time a woman swam most of the English Channel with a waterproof watch on.'[86]

title: Rolex

text: Rolex mostly produced mechanical watches, but it has also participated in the development of the original quartz watch movements. Although Rolex has made very few quartz models for its Oyster line, the company's engineers were instrumental in design and implementation of the technology during the late 1960s and early 1970s. In 1968, Rolex collaborated with a consortium of 16 Swiss watch manufacturers to develop the Beta 21 quartz movement used in their Rolex Quartz Date 5100 alongside other manufactures including the Omega Electroquartz watches.[35] Within about five years of research, design, and development, Rolex created the "clean-slate" 5035/5055 movement that would eventually power the Rolex Oysterquartz.[36]

title: Rolex Submariner

text: The Rolex Oyster Perpetual Submariner is a line of sports watches designed for diving manufactured by Rolex, known for their resistance to water and corrosion. The first Submariner was introduced to the public in 1954 at the Basel Watch Fair. The Rolex Submariner is considered "a classic among wristwatches", manufactured by one of the most widely recognized luxury brands in the world. Due to its popularity there are many homage watches by well-established watchmakers as well as illegal counterfeits. The Rolex Submariner is part of Rolex's Oyster Perpetual line.


query: Who is U.S. Treasury Secratary?

title: United States Secretary of the Treasury

text: Acting Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Adam J. Szubin served as Acting Secretary of the Treasury from January 20, 2017, until the confirmation of Steven Mnuchin which occurred February 13, 2017.

text: According to U.S. statute, there are ten Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury appointed by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Legislative Affairs reports directly to the United States Secretary of the Treasury and the United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury.

title: Levi Woodbury

text: As a U.S. Senator, Woodbury was a dependable Jackson Democrat, and President Jackson appointed him Secretary of the Navy (1831–1834) and then Secretary of the Treasury (1834–1841). Woodbury successfully worked to end the Second Bank of the United States; like Jackson he favored an "independent" treasury system and "hard money" over paper money. In retrospect, the financial Panic of 1837 and the collapse of speculative land prices were legacies of Woodbury's tenure. After the Panic, Woodbury realised that the U.S. Treasury needed a more secure administration of its own funds than commercial banks supplied, and he backed the act for an "Independent Treasury System" passed by Congress in 1840. It was largely repealed under the new administration the following year, but the foundation was laid for an independent U.S. Treasury, finally established in 1846, under President James K. Polk. Woodbury also served as chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance during a Special Session of the 29th Congress. His ten-day chairmanship is the shortest on record.

title: Hamid bin Abdallah al-Ali

text:
On December 7, 2006, the U.S. Department of the Treasury added al-Ali to its list of Specially Designated Global Terrorists, pursuant to Executive Order 13224, as a terrorist facilitator for providing financial support to Al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations. Specifically, al-Ali was a religious leader of a Kuwait-based terrorist cell and a recruiter of jihadists on behalf of Al Qaeda in both Iraq and Kuwait. He was also involved in the plotting of a foiled attack on U.S. and Kuwaiti targets in 2005.
As outlined by the U.S. Treasury department, “this designation freezes any assets the designees may have under U.S. jurisdiction and prohibits all financial and commercial transactions by any U.S. person with the designees. In addition, in accordance with U.N. Security Council Resolution 1624, the U.S. Government condemns those who incite others to acts of terrorism and violence”.

title: Sonal Shah (economist)

text: Shah held a variety of U.S. Department of Treasury positions from 1995 until 2001. She was the director of the office overseeing strategy and programs for sub-Saharan Africa, which included debt relief, development programs and World Bank/International Monetary Fund strategies. She worked with the Ministries of Finance in Bosnia and Kosovo to design the post-war banking system. During the Asian financial crisis, she served as a senior adviser to U.S. Treasury officials who were coordinating the U.S. response.

title: Richard Clarida

text: Clarida served as the Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury for Economic Policy, a position that required confirmation by the United States Senate. In that position, he served as chief economic advisor to two Treasury Secretaries, Paul O'Neill and John W. Snow, advising them on economic policy issues, including the U.S. and global economic prospects, international capital flows, corporate governance, and the maturity structure of U.S. debt. In May 2003, Treasury Secretary John W. Snow awarded Clarida The Treasury Medal in recognition for his record of outstanding service to the Treasury Department.

title: Treasury International Capital

text: Treasury International Capital or TIC is a set of monthly and quarterly statistical reports from the U.S. Treasury that shows nearly all the flows of money into and out of the U.S, for purchases and sales of U.S. securities and financial instruments by institutions, governments, central banks, corporations and many other entities. This includes short and long term transactions, such as stocks, bonds, derivatives, currencies, options, forwards, swaps, bank transactions, and other cross-border transactions.

title: Treasury Varieties

text: Treasury Varieties was an American syndicated weekly 30-minute radio program that aired on the Mutual network from 1948 to 1953. The program was sponsored by the U.S. Treasury Department to promote the sale of U.S. Savings Bonds. The show featured the music of entertainers backed by a studio orchestra, notably Henry Jerome and His Orchestra, who, over the life of the program, had the longest run. Frank H. Walldecker (1909–1995) was the announcer. Regulars with the Jerome Orchestra included Hal Burton (singer), Morrie Allen (singer), Joe Grimm (Joe Grimaldi) (singer), the Glee Club, and the Three Jays.

text: The Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Institutions is an official in the United States Department of the Treasury who is the head of the Office of Financial Institutions. In June 2017, President Donald Trump nominated Christopher Campbell to the position. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 3, 2017.

text: In addition to the departmental flag, several personal flags, or standards, are used to represent different U.S. Treasury Department officials, such as the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.

title: Federal Reserve Note

text: The portraits appearing on the U.S. currency can feature only people who have died, whose names should be included below each of the portraits. Since the standardization of the bills in 1928, the Department of the Treasury has chosen to feature the same portraits on the bills. These portraits were decided upon in 1929 by a committee appointed by the Treasury. Originally, the committee had decided to feature U.S. presidents because they were more familiar to the public than other potential candidates. The Treasury altered this decision, however, to include three statesmen who were also well-known to the public: Alexander Hamilton (the first Secretary of the Treasury who appears on the $10 bill), Salmon P. Chase (the Secretary of the Treasury during the American Civil War who appeared on the now obsolete $10,000 bill), and Benjamin Franklin (a signer of the Declaration of Independence and of the Constitution, who appears on the $100 bill). In 2016, the Treasury announced a number of design changes to the $5, $10 and $20 bills; to be introduced over the next ten years. The redesigns include:After an unsuccessful attempt in the proposed Legal Tender Modernization Act of 2001, the Omnibus Appropriations Act of 2009 required that none of the funds set aside for either the Treasury or the Bureau of Engraving and Printing may be used to redesign the $1 bill. This is because any change would affect vending machines and the risk of counterfeiting is low for this small bill. This superseded the Federal Reserve Act (Section 16, Paragraph 8) which gives the Treasury permission to redesign any banknote to prevent counterfeiting.

title: Capital Assistance Program

text: As part of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 the U.S. Treasury was given funds to stabilize U.S. financial institutions and encourage lending. The Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) was to be implemented in two $350 billion authorizations. The first $350 billion went primarily to the Capital Purchase Program primarily allocated under the direction of U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson an appointee of George W. Bush. The new Barack Obama appointee, U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, announced the Capital Assistance Program on February 10, 2009.

title: United States ten-dollar bill

text: The United States ten-dollar bill ($10) is a denomination of U.S. currency. The obverse of the bill features the portrait of Alexander Hamilton, who served as the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. The reverse features the U.S. Treasury Building. All $10 bills issued today are Federal Reserve Notes.

text: According to U.S. statute, there are ten Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury appointed by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Institutions reports to the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance, who in turn reports to the United States Secretary of the Treasury and the United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury.

title: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

text: The St. Louis Fed supports the U.S. Treasury with a number of functions. Led by executive vice president Kathleen O. Paese, the Treasury Division includes the Treasury Relations and Support Office (TRSO), which manages the Federal Reserve System's overall relationships with the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Bureau of the Fiscal Service and Office of Fiscal Assistant Secretary. The St. Louis Fed's Treasury Division supports the following U.S. Treasury programs: Debt Management Services, Fiscal Accounting Operations, Information and Security Services, Payment Management, Revenue Collections Management, and Treasury Security Services. It also serves as the offering administrator for the Fed's Term Deposit Facility.

title: Independent Treasury

text: The Independent Treasury was the system for managing the money supply of the United States federal government through the U.S. Treasury and its sub-treasuries, independently of the national banking and financial systems. It was created on August 6, 1846 by the 29th Congress, with the enactment of the Independent Treasury Act of 1846 (ch. 90, ), and it functioned until the early 20th century, when the Federal Reserve System replaced it. During this time, the Treasury took over an ever-larger number of functions of a central bank and the Treasury Department came to be the major force in the U.S. money market.

title: Suchak Data Systems

text: In 2000, SDS expanded its offerings to include Online Banking Solutions, including Cash Manager, Bill Payment and online purchases of U.S. Treasury bonds. In developing the technology that allowed community banks to purchase U.S. Treasury Bonds online, an award was presented to Mr. Suchak by the U.S. Treasury Department in 2001.

title: United States Treasury security

text: The U.S. Federal government suspended issuing 30-year Treasury bonds for four years from February 18, 2002 to February 9, 2006. As the U.S. government used budget surpluses to pay down Federal debt in the late 1990s, the 10-year Treasury note began to replace the 30-year Treasury bond as the general, most-followed metric of the U.S. bond market. However, because of demand from pension funds and large, long-term institutional investors, along with a need to diversify the Treasury's liabilities—and also because the flatter yield curve meant that the opportunity cost of selling long-dated debt had dropped—the 30-year Treasury bond was re-introduced in February 2006 and is now issued quarterly.

text: Symbols of the United States Department of the Treasury include the Flag of the Treasury Department and the U.S. Treasury Seal. The seal actually predates the department itself, having originated with the Board of Treasury during the period of the Articles of Confederation. The seal is used on all U.S. paper currency, and (like other departmental seals) on official Treasury documents.

title: Neel Kashkari

text: In May 2006 President George W. Bush announced his intention to appoint Paulson as Secretary of the Treasury. Kashkari contacted Paulson and asked to join him at Treasury. Despite not knowing Kashkari well, Paulson had him flown to Washington, D.C., and offered him a job as a policy generalist shortly after Kashkari had begun his pitch. Kashkari accepted, and then Paulson remembered to confirm that Kashkari was a Republican. After the U.S. Senate confirmed Paulson, he and Kashkari started at Treasury on the same day. Kashkari was one of several Goldman employees who followed Paulson to Treasury.

title: Legal Tender Cases

text: Paper money is a form of currency that is physically printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, under authority of the Federal Reserve System. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing is part of the U.S. Treasury Department, whereas the Federal Reserve is not. In contrast to paper money, coins are physically produced by the U.S. Mint, within and under authority of the U.S. Treasury. The Federal Reserve System can authorize as much paper money as it sees fit, but the U.S. Treasury is restricted by law to a certain maximum amount of coinage in circulation.

text: The actual creator of the U.S. Treasury seal was Francis Hopkinson, who was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence and also contributed to the design of the Great Seal of the United States. He is known to have later submitted bills to the Congress in 1780 seeking payment for his design of flags, currency, and several seals, including one for the Board of Treasury. The earliest known usage of the seal was in 1782. When the United States Government was established in 1789, the new Department of the Treasury continued to use the existing seal.

title: System Open Market Account

text: SOMA's primary purpose is to assist the New York Fed in carrying out open market operations (OMOs) and foreign exchange interventions (the U.S. Treasury, in consultation with the Federal Reserve System, is responsible for setting U.S. exchange rate policy). The U.S. monetary authorities—the Treasury and the Fed—may intervene in the foreign exchange market to counter disorderly market conditions, using funds that belong to the Federal Reserve and to the Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF) of the Treasury Department.

text: According to U.S. statute, there are ten Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury appointed by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy reports directly to the United States Secretary of the Treasury and the United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury.

title: Foreign-exchange reserves of China

text:
Most of China's foreign-exchange reserves are held in U.S. dollar-denominated financial assets such as U.S. Treasury securities. Since 2008, when it overtook Japan in this respect, China is the largest foreign owner of U.S. Treasury securities, accounting for about 22 percent of all U.S. Treasuries held by non-Americans.
Many American and other economic analysts have expressed concerns on account of the People's Republic of China's "extensive" holdings, as part of their reserves, of United States government debt.

title: United States Lighthouse Board

text:
The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and required to cause a board to be convened at as early a day as may be practical after the passage of that act to be two officers of the Navy of high rank, two officers of Engineers of the Army, and such civil officers of scientific attainments as may be under the orders or at the disposition of the Treasury Department, and a junior officer of the Navy to act as Secretary to said board, whose duty it shall be under instructions from the Treasury Department to inquire into the condition of the Lighthouse Establishment of the United States, and make a general detailed report and programme to guide legislation in extending and improving our present system of construction, illumination, inspection, and superintendence.
The Lighthouse Board resulted from this mandate, and its original members consisted of William B. Shubrick, and Samuel F. Du Pont, U.S. Navy; James Kearney, U.S. Topographical Engineers; civilian academics Alexander Dallas Bache, Superintendent of the U.S. Coast Survey and Joseph Henry, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,; and Lt. Thornton Jenkins, U.S. Navy, who acted as Secretary.

text: Membership in the Treasury Department Federal Credit Union is available to employees of the US Treasury Department, Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Courts, United States Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC), as well as persons who live, work (or regularly conduct business), worship, or attend school in, and businesses and other legal entities located in, Washington, D.C.

title: O'Hara, U.S. Treasury

text: "O'Hara, U.S. Treasury" starred Janssen (whose company co-produced the show with Mark VII) as the title character, Treasury Agent Jim O'Hara. A county sheriff from Nebraska whose wife and child died in a fire, O'Hara cut all ties with his past life. He put in an application with the United States Department of the Treasury, which accepted him.

text: According to U.S. statute, there are ten Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury appointed by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Markets reports to the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance, who in turn reports to the United States Secretary of the Treasury and the United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury.

title: O'Hara, U.S. Treasury

text: O'Hara, U.S. Treasury (on-screen title is O'Hara, United States Treasury) is an American television crime drama starring David Janssen and broadcast by CBS during the 1971-72 television season. Jack Webb's Mark VII Limited packaged the program for Universal Television. Webb and longtime colleague James E. Moser created the show; Leonard B. Kaufman was the producer. The series was produced with the full approval and cooperation of the United States Department of the Treasury.

title: Al-Haramain Foundation

text:
The U.S. government accused Al-Haramain Islamic Foundation of Ashland, Oregon of sending $150,000 through Saudi Arabia to fund terrorist activities and support Chechen mujahideen under the guise of humanitarian aid. It also was accused of receiving money from Osama bin Laden in August 1998 and providing funding to an American imam who attended a training camp run by a terrorist organization in Pakistan.
On 19 February 2004, the assets of the U.S. branch were blocked by the US Treasury Department pending investigation, the results of which showed "direct links between the U.S. branch and Usama bin Laden". On 9 September 2004 Treasury announced "the designation" of the U.S. branch of Al Haramain along with one of its directors, Suliman Al-Buthe. The Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury had already banned various branches of this organization at various times.


query: When was the para-alpine skiing classification system developed?

title: Para-alpine skiing classification

text: The first classification systems for para-alpine skiing were developed in Scandinavia in the 1960s, with early systems designed for skiers with amputations. At the time, equipment had yet to be developed to allow participation for skiers with spinal cord injuries. The goal of the early classification systems was to be functional but ended up being medical classification systems. At the first Winter Paralympics in 1976, there were two classifications for the sport. By the 1980s, classification existed for skiers with cerebral palsy. At that time, with inspiration from wheelchair basketball classification, efforts were made to make classification more of a functional system. Ten classes existed by the 1980s, and since then, efforts have been made to improve the efficiency of classification by reducing the number of classes so fewer medals can be rewarded.

title: Para-alpine skiing

text: The first classification systems for para-alpine skiing were developed in Scandinavia, with early systems designed for skiers with amputations. At the time, equipment had yet to be developed to allow participation for skiers with spinal cord injuries. The goal of the early classification systems was to be functional but ended up being medical classification systems. At the first Winter Paralympics in 1976, there were two classifications for the sport. By the 1980s, classification existed for skiers with cerebral palsy. At that time, with inspiration from wheelchair basketball classification, efforts were made to make classification more of a functional system. Ten classes existed by the 1980s, and since then, efforts have been made to improve the efficiency of classification by reducing the number of classes so fewer medals can be rewarded.

title: LW11

text: LW11 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic sit skiing "sport class", a classification defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC for people with paralysis in the lower extremities and people with cerebral palsy that affects the lower half of the body. Outside of skiing, the competitor in this class is unable to walk. For international competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing or IPC Nordic Skiing. For sub-international competitions, classification is done by a national federation such as Alpine Canada.

title: LW4 (classification)

text: LW4 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic standing skiing "sport class" defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) for skiers who may have a disability in one lower extremity, which may be a result of a leg amputation below the knee, knee arthrodesis or a hip arthrodesis. For international skiing competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing or IPC Nordic Skiing. A national federation such as Alpine Canada handles classification for domestic competitions.

title: LW2 (classification)

text: In para-Alpine, skiers use one ski and two ski poles while para-Nordic skiers use two skis and two ski poles. Other equipment may be used such as outriggers. Specific skiing and training techniques have been developed for this LW2 skiers that address their disability type and equipment use. A factoring system is used in both para-Alpine and para-Nordic to allow different classes to compete against each other when there are too few individual competitors in one class in a competition. These factors may change from ski season to ski season.

title: Para-alpine skiing

text: Para-alpine skiing classification is the classification system for para-alpine skiing designed to ensure fair competition between alpine skiers with different types of disabilities. The classifications are grouped into three general disability types: standing, blind and sitting. Classification governance is handled by International Paralympic Committee Alpine Skiing. Skiers are classified based on medical assessment, and their body position when they ski. Blind skiers are evaluated purely on a medical assessment. Prior to that, several sport governing bodies dealt with classification including the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD), International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMWSF), International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) and Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association (CP-ISRA). Some classification systems are governed by bodies other than International Paralympic Committee Alpine Skiing for systems not used in international competition. The sport is open to all competitors with a visual or physical disability. It is not open to people with intellectual disabilities.

title: Para-alpine skiing classification

text: The para-alpine skiing classification system ensures fair competition in the sport by categorising skiers according to their functional mobility or vision impairment.[1][2] Classification for amputees is based on their mobility with the use of an assistive device.[3][4]

title: LW10

text: LW10 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic sit-skiing classification for skiers who cannot sit up without support. For international skiing competitions, classification is conducted by International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Alpine Skiing and IPC Nordic Skiing, while national federations such as Alpine Canada handle classification for domestic competitions.

title: LW10

text: A factoring system is used in para-Alpine and para-Nordic skiing to allow different classes to compete against each other when there are too few individual competitors in one class. A number is given to each class of skiers based on their functional mobility or vision levels; the results are calculated by multiplying the finish time by the factored number. The resulting number is used to determine the winner in events where the factor system is used. During the 1997/1998 ski season, the percentage for this para-Nordic classification was 84%. For the 2003/2004 para-Nordic skiing season, the percentage for was 87%. The percentage for the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 para-Nordic ski seasons was 86% and for LW10.5 was 91%. Factoring for the 2011/2012 alpine ski season was done based on subclass; LW10.1 factoring was 0.7234 for Slalom, 0.7794 for Giant Slalom, 0.7942 for Super-G and 0.8004 for downhill. LW10.2 factoring was 0.7399 for Slalom, 0.8152 for Giant Slalom, 0.8069 for Super-G and 0.8183 for downhill. The percentage for the para-Nordic 2012/2013 ski season was 86% and was 91% for LW10.5.

title: LW3 (classification)

text: LW3 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic standing skiing "sport class" defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) for skiers with a disability affecting both legs, with double below knee amputation or a combined strength total for both legs of 60, with 80 as the baseline for people without disabilities. For international skiing competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing or IPC Nordic Skiing. The classification has two subclasses for para-Alpine skiing: LW3.1 which is for people with double below the knee amputations or similar disabilities, and LW3.2 which is for people with cerebral palsy that involves moderate athetoid, moderate ataxic impairment or slight diplegic involvement.

title: LW2 (classification)

text: This is a standing classification used in para-Alpine skiing and para-Nordic skiing, where LW stands for Locomotor Winter. It is for people with a severe disability in a lower limb, which may be a result of an amputation, arthrodesis in the leg and hip, or a disease like polio. Competitors in this class would score 20 or less on a strength test for one leg. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) explicitly defined this classification for para-Alpine skiing as "Competitors with severe disabilities in one lower limb ... Typical disability profile of the class is single above-knee amputation." For para-Nordic skiing, the IPC defines this class as "those with impairment in one entire lower limb (involving pelvis structures distal)." In 2002, the Australian Paralympic Committee described this classification for para-Alpine as a standing skiing classification with "One ski, two poles, disability in one leg above the knee." Cross Country Canada defined this classification for para-Nordic skiing as "Impairment in one entire lower limb (leg) involving pelvis and structures distal" in 2012.

title: Para-alpine skiing classification

text: Going into the first winter Paralympic Games, the 1976 Winter Paralympics, the organisers had a difference of opinion with Paralympic Games founder Ludwig Guttmann, because they wanted a functional classification, not medical classification system, from the onset. They largely succeeded,[22] although the system that ended up being used was developed in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden, based on equipment utilised by the skier instead of a true functional classification system.[19] The 1976 Winter Paralympics were the first time that classifications other than spinal cord injury classifications competed at the Paralympic Games.[13] There were only two classifications for alpine skiing.[19] One athlete from Austria with a spinal disability as a result of polio competed in an alpine event. He was able to ski from a standing position and competed against amputee skiers.[19]

title: Para-Nordic skiing classification

text: Para-Nordic skiing classification is the classification system for para-Nordic skiing which includes the biathlon and cross country events. The classifications for Para-Nordic skiing mirrors the classifications for Para-Alpine skiing with some exceptions. A functional mobility and medical classification is in use, with skiers being divided into three groups: standing skiers, sit skiers and visually impaired skiers. International classification is governed by International Paralympic Committee, Nordic Skiing (IPC-NS). Other classification is handled by national bodies. Before the IPC-NS took over classification, a number of organizations handled classification based on the type of disability.

title: LW2 (classification)

text: In para-Alpine, skiers in this classification compete with one skis and two ski poles. The para-Alpine ski configuration is sometimes called a 3 track. FIS rules for para-Alpine ski boots and binding heights are modified for this class from rules applied to able bodied competitor's equipment. In para-Nordic, skiers compete with two skis and two poles. Skiers use skis that would be slightly longer than if they were able bodied. Skiers in this classification may use outriggers. Outriggers are forearm crutches with a miniature ski on a rocker at the base, and are fitted for the skier based the height of the skier's hip joint when the skier is standing. In the biathlon, athletes with amputations can use a rifle support while shooting.

title: LW4 (classification)

title: LW2 (classification)

text: For international para-Alpine skiing competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing Technical Committee. A national federation such as Alpine Canada handles classification for domestic competitions. For para-Nordic skiing events, classification is handled by IPC Nordic Skiing Technical Committee on the international level and by the national sports federation such as Cross-Country Canada on a country by country level. When being assessed into this sport class, a number of things are considered including reviewing the skiers medical history and medical information on the skier's disability, having a physical and an in person assessment of the skier training or competing.

title: LW5/7

text: Skiers in this class use two skis and no ski poles in para-Alpine and para-Nordic, though skiers can use mini-ski poles provided they cannot hold a ski pole without the use of a prosthesis. Skiers develop techniques to ski that compensate for balance issues as a result of missing arms. A factoring system is used in para-Alpine and para-Nordic to allow LW5/7 skiers to compete fairly against other skiers with disabilities. While this classification was not grouped with others at the 1984 Winter Olympics Exhibition Competition, it was grouped with other standing classes during events in the 1990s and 2000s.

title: LW12

text: For para-Alpine skiing, the Australian Paralympic Committee defined this classification as a sit skiing classification for "athletes with spinal injury or some other disability affecting the function in their lower limbs but they have good sitting balance." This classification is often subdivided into two separate categories for para-Alpine skiing. In July 1997, at the World Cup Technical Meeting for para-Alpine skiing, this classes was subdivided into two classes in order to improve factoring for the range of disabilities found within the class at the time.

title: LW6/8

title: Para-alpine skiing classification

text: The earliest classification systems for the sport were developed in Scandinavia.[19] Classification for winter sport started out as a medical one before moving to a functional system.[20] The original classification system was for amputees, with classification based on the type of amputation as determined by a medical expert. Other classes of disability were not eligible to compete.[21] During the 1970s, equipment was developed for skiers with spinal injuries and a classification system had yet to become fully developed for the sport.[13]

title: Para-alpine skiing classification

text: In general, classification for all para-alpine skiers looks at which equipment is utilized by a skier and their body position when they ski.[37] Sit-skiers who are in the wheelchair group are assessed based on the residual muscle strength and level of spinal cord injury.[37] For skiers with a visual impairment, their classification is handled by the International Blind Sports Association. They are tested based on medical classification by an Ophthalmologist.[40]

title: LW9

title: LW3 (classification)

text: For international para-Alpine skiing competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing. A national federation such as Alpine Canada handles classification for domestic competitions. For para-Nordic skiing events, classification is handled by IPC Nordic Skiing Technical Committee on the international level and by the national sports federation such as Cross-Country Canada on a country by country level. When being assessed into this sport class, a number of things are considered including reviewing the skiers medical history and medical information on the skier's disability, having a physical and an in person assessment of the skier training or competing.

title: LW9

text: LW9 is a para-Alpine and para-Nordic standing skiing "sport class", a classification defined by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) for people with upper and lower limb function problems, and includes cerebral palsy skiers classified CP5, CP6 and CP7, along with people with hemiplegia or amputations. For international skiing competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing or IPC Nordic Skiing. A national federation such as Alpine Canada handles classification for domestic competitions. This classification is separated into two subclasses including LW9.1 and LW9.2.

title: LW12

text:
For international para-Alpine skiing competitions, classification is done through International Paralympic Committee Alpine Skiing. A national federation such as Alpine Canada handles classification for domestic competitions. For para-Nordic skiing events, classification is handled by IPC Nordic Skiing Technical Committee on the international level and by the national sports federation such as Cross-Country Canada on a country by country level.
When being assessed into this classification, a number of things are considered including reviewing the skiers medical history and medical information on the skier's disability, having a physical and an in person assessment of the skier training or competing. During the assessment process, a testing board is used for this classification with six different tests being conducted that look for balance on different planes and to test for upper body strength and levels of mobility. The guideline scores for people to be assessed in this classification are 16 - 18.

title: LW11

text: For international para-Alpine skiing competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing. A national federation such as Alpine Canada handles classification for domestic competitions. For para-Nordic skiing events, classification is handled by IPC Nordic Skiing Technical Committee on the international level and by the national sports federation such as Cross-Country Canada on a country by country level. When being assessed into this classification, a number of things are considered including reviewing the skiers medical history and medical information on the skier's disability, having a physical and an in person assessment of the skier training or competing. During the assessment process, a testing board is used for this classification with six different tests being conducted that look for balance on different planes and to test for upper body strength and levels of mobility. The guideline scores for people to be assessed in this classification are 9 - 15.

title: Para-alpine skiing classification

text: In 1983, classification for cerebral palsy competitors in alpine skiing was done by the Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association.[23] The classification used the classification system designed for track events.[24] There were five cerebral palsy classifications.[25] During the 1980s, there were 3 sit-ski classes and 7 other classes.[26] During the 1980s, while not formally part of the para-skiing classification system, intellectual disability alpine skiing classes did exist as part of the Special Olympics movement.[27]

title: Para-alpine skiing

text: Para-alpine skiing classification is the classification system for para-alpine skiing designed to ensure fair competition between alpine skiers with different types of disabilities. The classifications are grouped into three general disability types: standing, blind and sitting. A factoring system was created for para-alpine skiing to allow the three classification groupings to fairly compete against each other in the same race despite different functional skiing levels and medical problems.

title: Para-alpine skiing classification

text: Para-alpine skiing classification is the classification system for para-alpine skiing designed to ensure fair competition between alpine skiers with different types of disabilities. The classifications are grouped into three general disability types: standing, blind and sitting. Classification governance is handled by International Paralympic Committee Alpine Skiing. Prior to that, several sport governing bodies dealt with classification including the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD), International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMWSF), International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) and Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association (CP-ISRA). Some classification systems are governed by bodies other than International Paralympic Committee Alpine Skiing, such as the Special Olympics. The sport is open to all competitors with a visual or physical disability. It is not open to people with intellectual disabilities.

title: LW5/7

text: For international para-Alpine skiing competitions, classification is done through IPC Alpine Skiing. A national federation such as Alpine Canada handles classification for domestic competitions. For para-Nordic skiing events, classification is handled by IPC Nordic Skiing Technical Committee on the international level and by the national sports federation such as Cross-Country Canada on a country by country level. When being assessed into this classification, a number of things are considered, including reviewing the skiers medical history and medical information on the skier's disability, having a physical examination and an in person assessment of the skier training or competing. If a skier in this classification has the ability to use a ski pole of some sort, they may do so but they need to changes classes and compete in LW6/8.


query: Who is the current president of Singapore?

title: President of Singapore

text: The President of the Republic of Singapore is the country's head of state. Singapore has a parliamentary system of government. Executive authority is exercised by the Cabinet led by the Prime Minister of Singapore. The current president is Halimah Yacob, who was elected unopposed at the 2017 presidential election. She is the first female President of Singapore and first Malay head of state in 47 years since the death of Yusof Bin Ishak, Singapore's first president.

title: Rajah & Tann

text: The firm's partners and alumni are variously placed in prominent positions in Singapore. V. K. Rajah, the firm's former managing partner, went on to become a judge of the High Court in November 2004, and Judge of Appeal in April 2007. Subsequently, Sundaresh Menon was appointed as a Judge of Appeal in August 2011, until his appointment as the current Chief Justice of Singapore in November 2012. In June 2014, V. K. Rajah was appointed as the Attorney-General of Singapore, where he remained until his retirement in January 2017. Rajah was also appointed to board of the Monetary Authority of Singapore in October 2014 and continues to serve there. Additionally, partners Murali Pillai and Vikram Nair currently serve as members of the 13th Parliament of Singapore, while litigation partner Gregory Vijayendran was elected twice to serve as the president of the Law Society of Singapore in 2017 and 2018.

title: Cabinet of Singapore

text: The Cabinet of Singapore forms the Government (executive branch) of Singapore together with the President of Singapore. It is led by the Prime Minister of Singapore who is the head of government. The Prime Minister is a Member of Parliament (MP) appointed by the President who selects a person that in his or her view is likely to command the confidence of a majority of the Parliament of Singapore. The other members of the Cabinet are Ministers who are Members of Parliament appointed by the President on the Prime Minister's advice. Cabinet members are prohibited from holding any office of profit and from actively engaging in any commercial enterprise.

title: Chen-Bo Zhu

text: Chen-Bo Zhu, also known as Zhu Chengbo (Chinese: 朱程波), is a Singaporean mathematician. Currently he heads the Department of Mathematics at the National University of Singapore. Zhu served as President of the Singapore Mathematical Society from 2009 to 2012 and Vice President of the Southeast Asian Mathematical Society from 2012 to 2013.

title: GIC Private Limited

text: As a Fifth Schedule company under the Singapore Constitution, GIC is accountable in various key areas to the President of Singapore who is empowered under the constitution to obtain information to enable him to safeguard the country's reserves. The Auditor-General, who is appointed by the President of Singapore, submits an annual report to the President and Parliament on his audit of the Government and other bodies managing public funds.

title: Chief of Defence Force (Singapore)

text: The President of Singapore has the power to appoint each new CDF (as well as new heads of each of the three services in the SAF) on the advice of the Prime Minister of Singapore, who in turn must consult with the Armed Forces Council, on which the CDF sits. The CDF also maintains a role as an aide-de-camp to the President.

title: Civil Service College Singapore

text:
Civil Service College (CSC) Singapore is a college for government employees in Singapore. It is a statutory board under the Public Service Division, Prime Minister's Office, of the Government of Singapore.
President and CEO of SMRT, Desmond Kuek is currently a member of the Civil Service College Board and chairs its Audit Committee.

title: Powers of the President of Singapore

text: The President's scope of scrutiny over Singapore's net investment income (NII) derived from both current and past reserves depends on whether such NII is considered "past reserves". The Constitution was amended in 2001 to state that all the NII in a financial year certified by the Government to be derived from its current reserves (that is, reserves accumulated by the Government during its current term of office) returns to current reserves. If no certification is made, at least 50% of the NII of the financial year derived from past reserves has to be classified as past reserves. These changes, however, do not apply to the NII earned by specified statutory boards and Government companies. Their NII is considered as part of normal income and is excluded from the President's scrutiny.

title: Boys' Brigade in Singapore

text: The Boys' Brigade in Singapore (Malay: Briged Putera Singapura; Mandarin: 少年旅) is a youth uniformed group organisation which has been present in Singapore since 1930. It currently consists of over 700 officers and 6,300 Boys in over 116 companies. Its current Brigade President is Mr Poh Leong Berg and its Honorary President is Lieutenant-General (Ret) Winston Choo, the former Chief of Defence Force of the Singapore Armed Forces. The Boys' Brigade in Singapore celebrated its 85th Anniversary in 2015 and has the distinguished honor of having the President of the Republic of Singapore as its Patron.

title: Lim Siong Guan

text: In 2005, Lim Siong Guan, as the chairman of the ACRA, was one of the 3 member Presidential Elections Committee who reviewed the qualifications of Sellapan Ramanathan, who was subsequently elected President of Singapore, in the 2005 Singapore President Elections.

title: Singapore dollar

text: On 18 August 2015, to commemorate Singapore's 50 years of nation-building, the Monetary Authority of Singapore launched a set of six commemorative notes. These commemorative notes comprise five S$10 polymer notes and a S$50 note. The note design's draw inspiration from significant milestones and achievements in Singapore's history, the multiracialism that defines the nation and the values and aspirations that underpin Singapore's progress. The front of both the $50 and $10 notes feature a portrait of Yusof Ishak, Singapore's first president, as in the current Portrait series notes.

title: List of Indians in Singapore

text:
This is a list of prominent Indians in Singapore, who have made significant contributions nationally or internationally in various fields. The list consists primarily of ethnic South Asian Singapore citizens, though it does include some ethnic South Asian Singapore permanent residents as well. (Prominent ethnic South Asian citizens of other countries who have lived in Singapore on a short-term basis may be found listed under the appropriate list of persons from their respective countries.)
President of Football Association of Singapore. Brought Malaysia Cup back to Singapore in 1977 and 1980, after last winning it in 1965.

title: Sebastian Teo

text: Sebastian Teo Kway Huang () a politician and businessman from Singapore who is currently the President of the opposition National Solidarity Party (NSP).

title: MacDonald House bombing

text: In the meantime, Singapore was expelled from Malaysia on 9 August 1965, just five months after the bombing. In March 1967, the then President of Indonesia, Sukarno, who had initiated the Konfrontasi, was removed from power. A clemency plea by Suharto, who assumed the position of President, was rejected. The Singapore Embassy in Jakarta was ransacked on the day of the saboteurs' hanging. Bilateral-relations between Singapore and Indonesia remained tense. Bilateral relations improved after 1973, when the then Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, in a visit to Indonesia, visited the graves of the two marines and scattered flowers on them, followed by Suharto's visit to Singapore in 1974.

title: Aw Cheng Chye

text:
Aw Cheng Chye was the president of the Singapore Chinese Football Club from 1954 to 1955. He also served as the vice-chairman of in 1957 and vice-president of Singapore Chinese Swimming Club () in 1962. He sponsored S$2,000 to Singapore Chinese Swimming Club in January 1964 as well as elected as an honorary president in May 1964. In the 1960s, he was an honorary president of Basketball Association of Singapore.
Aw Cheng Chye was elected as the vice-president of Singapore National Olympic Council in 1954. He was the delegate for the Singapore Amateur Boxing Association of Singapore, which he was the president.

title: Russia–Singapore relations

text: Singapore's first official representative to the Soviet Union was Chandra Das, who functioned in Moscow as Singapore's Trade Representative. The trade office was located in Hotel Ukraine in Moscow and on 4 May 1971, the Embassy was open near the current Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Singapore's first Ambassador to the Soviet Union was P. S. Raman, who was appointed on 15 July 1971 and presented his credentials to the Soviet Government on 30 July 1971. The current Ambassador is Simon Tensing de Cruz, who took up the position on 14 October 2008.

title: Institute of Systems Science

text: Focusing on graduate IT education, as part of Singapore's National IT Plan, ISS was tasked by the Committee for National Computerisation (CNC) to be the pinnacle of manpower training in information technology. This initiative was led by Dr Tony Tan, then Chairman of the CNC and Ministry for Trade and Industry (the current President of Singapore), and Mr Philip Yeo, the first Chairman of the National Computer Board, who established a group tasked to lead the technological development of Singapore.

title: See Kee Oon

text: See Kee Oon (, born 1966) is a Judge of the Supreme Court of Singapore. He is the current Presiding Judge of the State Courts of Singapore.

title: Nominated Member of Parliament

text: A Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP) is a Member of the Parliament of Singapore who is appointed by the President. They are not affiliated to any political party and do not represent any constituency. There are currently nine NMPs in Parliament. The introduction of NMPs in September 1990, effected to bring more independent voices into Parliament, was an important modification of the traditional Westminster parliamentary system that Singapore had.

title: President of Singapore

text: The office of president was created in 1965 after Singapore became a republic upon its secession from the Federation of Malaysia that year. It replaced the office of Yang di-Pertuan Negara, which had been created when Singapore attained self-government in 1959. The last Yang di-Pertuan Negara, Yusof Ishak, became the first president. After his death he was replaced by Benjamin Sheares, who served until his death in 1981, when he was succeeded by Chengara Veetil Devan Nair. Owing to personal problems, Nair stepped down in 1985 and was replaced by Wee Kim Wee, who served as president until 1993.

title: P. Veerasenan

text: P. Veerasenan was a notable labour unionist from Singapore. He was once the President of Standing Committee of Singapore General Labour Union (SGLU) as well as the vice-president of Singapore Federation of Trade Unions(SFTU). In his career, he befriended with S.A. Ganapathy, the former president of Pan Malayan Federation of Trade Unions (PMFTU), and Abdullah CD, Chairman and currently General Secretary of the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM).

title: Desmond Lim

text: Desmond Lim Bak Chuan (; born 1968) is a Singaporean politician. He is the current leader of the political party Singapore Democratic Alliance (SDA) and current President of DL's Caring Community. During the Singaporean by-election, 2013, which he ultimately lost, Lim held the first online rally in Singapore.

title: Prime Minister of Singapore

text: In the cabinet of Goh Chok Tong in the 1990s to 2004, current Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and former President Tony Tan were the deputy prime ministers, with the latter only joining after Ong Teng Cheong officially left to fulfill his term as the President of Singapore.

title: Singapore Rugby Union

text: The Singapore Rugby Union is the governing body for rugby union in Singapore. It was founded in 1948. The current president is Mr Terrence Khoo, who played for the national team from 1984 to 2000 and is a former national captain.

title: Madeleine Lee (writer)

text: Lee has sat on the boards of public and private companies in Singapore. She was the treasurer of the United Nations Development Fund for Women Singapore, and the president of the Raffles Girls School Alumni. She has been active in the Yong Siew Toh Music Conservatory of the National University of Singapore, the Singapore Symphony Orchestra and the International Women's Forum. She was also the deputy chief investment officer of the Investment Office of the National University of Singapore. Currently, she runs her own hedge fund company.

title: Ong Teng Cheong

text: Ong Teng Cheong (; 22 January 1936 – 8 February 2002), was a Singaporean politician and architect who was the fifth President of Singapore & Commander-in-Chief of Singapore Armed Forces from 1993 to 1999. Prior to taking office as President. Formerly a member of the country's governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Cabinet Minister , Senior Minister of State for Communications & Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore and was Singapore's first directly elected president, serving a six-year term from 1 September 1993 to 31 August 1999.

title: Wee Kim Wee

text: Wee became the President of Singapore in 1985, and was also appointed as the Chancellor of National University of Singapore during the same period. Until Wee's second term as President, the selection of the presidential candidate was determined solely by the Parliament of Singapore. During Wee's second term, the Singapore Parliament amended the constitution in January 1991 to allow for the direct election of the President, who could veto civil service appointments and the use of government reserves.

title: Terry Kee Buck Hwa

text: Terry Kee Buck Hwa is the current Bishop of the Lutheran Church in Singapore and a Vice-President of the National Council of Churches of Singapore. He also served as president of the National Council of Churches of Singapore from 2012 to 2014.

title: List of Singapore's football leagues winners

text:
The Cosmopolitan League, or the Cosmoleague was founded in 1975 by a soccer section member of the Singapore Cricket Club. It is currently the top leading amateur football league in Singapore and is a league cater for both local and expatriate players who are not involved in the national leagues and residing in Singapore. There have been many well known retired or semi-retired professional footballers who have come to participate in this league over the years.
ESPZEN is a soccer organization based in Singapore and is founded by an English banker named Lee Taylor back in the early 2000s. It is currently the biggest amateur football organization in Singapore with over 180 teams and 4000 players. Its main category leagues are the Sunday League, Saturday League and the Midweek League. It organizes veteran league for veteran players and junior leagues for kids. It is affiliated to the FAS.

title: President of Singapore

text: The eighth and current president, Halimah Yacob, took office on 14 September 2017, becoming the first president elected as she was the sole eligible candidate under the new reform terms which took effect earlier that year.[14] She is also the first female President of Singapore.[15]