query: When was the character Zatanna Zatara first introduced?

title: Zatanna

text: Created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Murphy Anderson, Zatanna first appeared in Hawkman #4 (November 1964). When she is introduced, she is on a quest to find her father Zatara who made his first appearance in Action Comics #1 but had not been published regularly for several years. The storyline crossed multiple comics published by DC at the time, culminating in issues of Justice League of America, also written by Fox.

title: Nostradamus in popular culture

text: In the DC Comics Universe, Nostradamus was an ancestor of Zatara and Zatanna.

title: Zatara

text: Giovanni "John" Zatara is a fictional superhero appearing in comics published by DC Comics. He is a stage magician who also practices actual magic. He married Sindella, a "Homo magi", and they have a daughter, Zatanna Zatara, who, like her father, is both a "stage magician" and a genuine high-level sorceress to boot.

title: Zachary Zatara

text: However, like Zatanna, he's a clever illusionist and showman even without resorting to his magic, albeit more inclined to brag and abuse his position. While Zatanna is a widely-accepted member of the Justice League and an entertainer loved by her public, Zatara is considered somewhat of a selfish brat, as insufferable in a team as he is successful onstage.

title: Smallville (season 8)

text: Brian Wayne Peterson and Todd Slavkin revealed that they planned to introduce more DC Comics characters into "Smallville" this season. Among those appearing were Plastique and Maxima, the latter coming to Smallville to try to mate with Clark. This version of Maxima had the ability to make herself irresistible to men, including Clark, whom she set her sights on; actress Charlotte Sullivan was cast as Maxima. "Smallville" also introduced the futuristic heroes from the Legion of Super-Heroes. Comic book scribe Geoff Johns wrote the episode that featured the Legion of Super-Heroes, and suggested that people familiar with the Legion would recognize them when they appeared on the show, as they had some of the quintessential elements of their comic book counterparts. Darren Swimmer stated that they would be using Saturn Girl, Cosmic Boy and Lightning Lad for this episode. In the seventeenth episode, "Hex", "Smallville" puts its spin on the DC character Zatanna. Portrayed by Serinda Swan, Zatanna is a magician who comes to town and grants Chloe a birthday wish that results in Chloe's body transforming into Lois. In an interview, writer Bryan Q. Miller explains that he read through archived comics featuring the Zatanna character, but was more influenced by Grant Morrison’s writing turn on "Seven Soldiers", as well as the television episodes of "" and "Justice League Unlimited" that Zatanna made appearances on. Swan won the role of Zatanna after "acing" her audition thanks to the actress recording Zatanna's spells into her iPod and studying them in reverse—to cast a spell Zatanna recites the words in reverse.

title: Zatanna (Batman: The Animated Series)

text: Racing to the airstrip, Batman and Zatanna board the plane and, after a pitched battle with Kane and his henchmen, are able to bring them to justice. Talking afterwards, Zatanna again questions why Batman would go to such great lengths to prove her innocence. Batman reveals that he was Zatara's apprentice so many years ago. The two part as friends, with the implication that they could someday be something more.

title: Zatanna

text: Zatanna Zatara (/zəˈtænəzəˈtɑːrə/) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by Gardner Fox and Murphy Anderson, and first appeared in Hawkman #4 (November 1964).

title: Zatanna

text: Zatanna is both a stage magician and an actual magician, like her father Giovanni "John" Zatara. As such she has many of her father's powers relating to magic, typically controlled by speaking the words of her incantations spelled backwards.

title: Zatanna

text: Zatanna is the daughter of magician Giovanni Zatara who appeared in Golden Age comic books and Sindella, a member of the mystical Homo magi race. Her younger cousin, the teenager Zachary Zatara, is also a magician in the DCU. Zatanna makes her living as a stage illusionist prior to discovering her magical abilities while investigating the disappearance of her father. Her original costume is based upon her father's costume but substituting fishnet stockings and high heels for slacks. Zatanna's search for her father was the subject of a storyline[1] which was featured in several titles edited by Julius Schwartz,[2] and in it, Zatanna interacts with Hawkman and Hawkgirl;[3] battles Batman and Robin while in disguise as a witch and under the control of the villain the Outsider;[4] and teams with the Atom,[5] Green Lantern,[6] and the Elongated Man.[7] The series culminated in Justice League of America #51 (February 1967).[8] This Justice League adventure took place during the Batman television craze where Batman was at the height of his popularity. The premise that the witch in Detective Comics #336 was Zatanna was perceived as an attempt to get Batman participating in this issue of Justice League of America no matter how vague the connection to Zatanna's quest was.[9]

title: Zatanna

text: Two episodes of a Cartoon Monsoon contest entry feature Zatanna as a teenage hero who is a cross between Sabrina, the Teenage Witch and Buffy the Vampire Slayer. This saw her match wits with Klarion the Witch Boy, and featured her father (referred to only as "Zatara") as well as the new character of Zatanna's older, non-magic-wielding brother (named "Damon" in the second episode.)

title: Reign in Hell

text: Lobo, who is confined to the Labyrinth, Hell's only prison, is freed as a result of the titanic battle between Etrigan and Blue Devil, a battle which results in Etrigan's (temporary) death at Blue Devil's hands. Lobo then tears apart the soul of Zatara (Zatanna's father), which forces Zatanna to destroy his soul rather than to consign him to an eternity of pain and torment(later, in the 16-issue miniseries "Zatanna" (vol. 2) (July 2010-October 2011), Zatara is shown to have been saved from destruction by a demon who owes him a favor).

title: Zatara

text: Another Zatara was featured in a supporting role in the miniseries "Kingdom Come" and its follow-up, "The Kingdom". This Zatara is the son of Zatanna and magician John Constantine, which makes him the grandson of the original. He is described as "a youthful Harry Houdini-like successor to the magician super-hero lineage." Rather than speak backwards just for his spells, however, he does it all the time, which annoys his colleagues no end.

title: Zatara

text: At the conclusion of Alan Moore's "American Gothic" storyline in "Swamp Thing" (Vol. 2) #50 (which was tied to the events of the "Crisis on Infinite Earths"), John Constantine comes to get Zatanna, Mento and Sargon the Sorcerer to come together to help demonic and divine forces in other hellish dimensions battle the entity known as the 'Great Evil Beast'. The séance is held at Wintersgate Manor, the home of Baron Winters in Georgetown, Washington D.C., which is also a temporal threshold to other planes of reality. Because Constantine had previously taken Zatanna to a "tantric studies meeting," Zatara will not let Zatanna out of his sight with Constantine present, and by his very presence, is forced to take part in the seance to which he was not invited. The Beast, which is so tall its thumb alone looms over Hell, takes notice of their group twice. The first glimpse dooms Sargon, whom Zatara convinces to 'die like a Sorcerer' and not break the holding of hands. Sargon burns to death nobly. The second glance literally heats up Zatanna. Zatara willingly takes the effect onto himself, dying (his smoldering hat lands on the table) but sparing his daughter's life.

title: Zatara

text: Since then he has made sporadic appearances in the afterlife, including resurrecting Mason O'Dare in "Starman" #80, and the "Seven Soldiers: Zatanna" miniseries. In the "Reign of Hell" mini-series, Zatara is part of a general resistance movement operating in Hell. He is caught up in the various conflicts and is slain a second time in Hell by a rampaging Lobo. As with most of the 'dead', he risks becoming fodder for Hell, a torment where the physicallity of the damned is used for general resources such as building material. By manipulating his blood to form words, he asks Zatanna to consign his soul to the 'abyss', a realm Hell cannot affect. Zatanna does so, tormented that she must now destroy her father's essence.

title: Zatanna

text: In the Amalgam Comics universe, Zatanna is merged with Scarlet Witch of the Avengers to form a character known as Wanda Zatara, the White Witch.[62]

title: Zatanna

text: Zatanna appears in the Young Justice cartoon series,[64] voiced by Lacey Chabert. This version is only thirteen years old, and as such her romantic entanglements involving Batman are instead transferred to Robin. In the episode "Humanity", Zatara initially brings Zatanna to Mount Justice in Happy Harbor to meet the team, and asks the kids give Zatanna a tour of Mount Justice. They pretend to go along with that request, quickly use Miss Martian's ship to leave the cave and track down Red Tornado with Zatanna, referring to her departure with them as "kidnapping". Zatara was displeased that his daughter went on a mission with the team. Robin seems to have an interest in her. She returns in the episode "Secrets", where she and Artemis head to Manhattan on Halloween night. They are ambushed and eventually kidnapped by Harm, a psychotic teenager wielding the mystical sword of Beowulf. While Harm interrogates Artemis, the ghost of his murdered sister, Secret, removes the tape from Zatanna's mouth and allows her to rescue Artemis. Together, the three girls defeat Harm and allow Secret's spirit to move on to the afterlife. Afterwards, Zatanna promises to erect a proper grave for Secret, who had previously been buried in Harm's backyard. In episode "Misplaced", Zatanna is with the team when all the adults disappear. She is able to use a spell to locate Klarion the Witch Boy on Roanoke Island. As her powers seem ineffective against Klarion (he refers to them as "baby magic"), she dons the Helmet of Fate as a last-ditch effort. After Klarion escapes, Nabu refuses to relinquish Zatanna as his host, until her father offers himself as Nabu's host. After making Batman promise to take care of her, Zatara dons the helmet and leaves Zatanna with the rest of the team. She then moves into Mount Justice with Miss Martian and Superboy and joins the team full-time. She is shown to be clearly devastated by the loss of her father. In "Happy New Year", she and Rocket are now shown as adult members of the Justice League. In the episode "Depths," Nightwing implies a past romantic relationship between them to explain why she was willing to provide him with an enchanted amulet without asking for its purpose. In "Satisfaction", Zatanna and Miss Martian attend Rocket's bridal shower, and fight Captain Cold alongside Bumblebee, Black Canary, Wonder Girl, and Batgirl. In the episode "Cornered", Zatanna, Captain Marvel, and the team battle Despero in the Hall of Justice. She helps by possessing Mal and backfiring Despero's powers on himself. In "Intervention", she assists Rocket in capturing Blue Beetle and releasing him from the Reach. Zatanna appears in Mad. In episode 46, Zatanna is among the superheroes that ask Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman about being called "Super Friends". In episode 50, Zatanna (voiced by Tara Strong) appears on a skit called "Potions 11" where she teams up with Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger for their heist. Zatanna appears only in the intro of the Robot Chicken DC Comics Special with the Justice League. Zatanna appears in Justice League Action, with Lacey Chabert reprising the role while her child form is voiced by Dayci Brookshire. In the episode "Zombie King", she and Swamp Thing help Batman fight Solomon Grundy when he raises an army of zombies with a magical gem. In the episode "Trick or Threat," she, Batman, Doctor Fate, and John Constantine are turned into children by Klarion the Witch Boy so that he can lure them into a trap at the House of Mystery and steal the Helmet of Fate. In the episode "Speed Demon," Zatanna helps Batman defeat Harley Quinn who had been enchanted by Brother Night. During the confrontation with Brother Night, Ember, and the rest of Brother Night's followers, Brother Night enchants the Batmobile where it binds Zatanna while separating her from her hat and takes her on a ride causing Batman to enlist Etrigan the Demon for help. After Batman and Etrigan the Demon free Zatanna and have both the enchanted Batmobile and the ice cream truck that was enchanted by Merlin teleported to Brother Night's lair, Brother Night and his followers get away as Batman and Zatanna claim the enchanted orb that Brother Night used on the Batmobile that he left behind. In the episode "Hat Trick," Zatanna was helping Batman and Jason Blood fight the possessed mannequins until Felix Faust appears and makes off with her hat. Upon tracing Felix Faust to the Hebrides, Batman, Zatanna, and Etrigan the Demon are transported there by Merlin. Once there, they find that Felix Faust is using Zatanna's hat to summon the demon Ghast on the world as a way to regain his youth. Once that was done, Zatanna engages Felix Faust in battle while Batman and Etrigan the Demon work to prevent Ghast from reaching the mainland. As Felix Faust animates a gargoyle, Zatanna uses every trick in her arsenal where she destroys the gargoyle and chains Felix Faust up with the chains she conjured. Once Zatanna regains her hat, she casts a spell to send Ghast back to where he came from.

title: Zatara

text: Zatara became good friends with Thomas Wayne. His excursions with Wayne led to Wayne meeting his wife, Martha. After the two were killed, Zatara left Gotham City, blaming himself for being unable to stop the orphaning of young Bruce. Eventually, in Europe, Zatara would meet and wed Sindella, who gave birth to their daughter, Zatanna. Sindella seemingly died after giving birth to Zatanna, prompting Zatara to become a depressed drunk.

title: Zatara

text: Zatanna, Zatara's daughter from a "Homo magi" mother, was introduced in a multipart crossover in which she attempted to find her father, and he attempted to stop her at every turn because he knew that a spell had been placed upon them both that would cause them to both die if they saw one another. This adventure includes Zatara confronting an evil warlock on a world where nothing changes or grows older. Zatara steals his adversary's teleportation crystal in a somewhat-successful attempt to stop the man from invading Earth. Zatara ends up trapped in the land of Kharma by a sorceress called Allura, whom he had trapped in the Sword of Paracelsus. Allura turned out to have a good twin, also called Allura, who forced her to remove the spell.

title: Zatanna

text: In Detective Comics #833 (August 2007), it is stated that Zatanna's father was a friend of Thomas Wayne. Zatara trained Bruce Wayne in the art of escape, and Bruce and Zatanna were childhood friends although Batman believes that he has never met her in Justice League of America #51, and her only memory of meeting him is while she was disguised. Bruce helps Zatanna investigate the death of one of her former assistants; all clues point to a performer named Ivar Loxias. Loxias is revealed to be the Joker in disguise; he shoots Zatanna in the throat and incapacitates Batman. Zatanna is able to heal herself by writing a curing spell in her own blood, and she is instrumental in foiling the Joker's scheme. Bruce puts Zatanna's betrayal behind him, allowing the two to renew their friendship.

title: Timothy Hunter

text: The Phantom Stranger is his guide to the past of the DC Universe, where he meets with many important figures of the past, including an Atlantean sorcerer who warns him away from magic, a young Merlin and Jason Blood prior to him being bonded to Etrigan, Zatara (father of modern-day hero Zatanna) and Sargon the Sorcerer before being returned to the present. Tim is then passed over to John Constantine, who shows him the present world of magic, traveling to America to meet Madame Xanadu, the Spectre and his (then) host Jim Corrigan, Baron Winters and an adult Jason Blood. When the Trenchcoat Brigade discover that Tim is in imminent danger from the Cult of the Cold Flame, Constantine leaves the boy in the care of Zatanna while they face the cult in Calcutta. On Hallowe'en, Zatanna takes Tim to a club called Bewitched, a place populated by a number of villainous black magic users in the Vertigo/DC Universe. In an ill thought-out move, Zatanna seemingly breaks a cardinal rule of magic—not to reveal one's true name to possible enemies—when she introduces Tim to the club owner, Tannarak. Soon, the revelers start to attack Tim and Zatanna, and are stopped only by the reappearance of John Constantine. Despite blithely putting Tim in danger, Zatanna makes quite an impression on the young boy and comes to play an important role in his later life.

title: Zatanna (Batman: The Animated Series)

text: The episode opens with a flashback to Bruce Wayne's past, when he was training under the pseudonym John Smith with the magician Zatara, learning the skills of an escape artist in preparation for his future as Batman. He has a flirtatious relationship with Zatara's daughter, Zatanna, though he appears to leave without acting upon their mutual attraction.

title: Zachary Zatara

text: Zachary Zatara is a fictional character in the DC Universe. Zachary is a descendant of the Homo Magi just like his cousin Zatanna and uncle John Zatara. He first appeared in "Teen Titans (vol. 3)" # 34, and was created by Geoff Johns and Tony Daniel.

title: Zatanna

text: Zatanna is a playable character in the console videogame Justice League Heroes, voiced by Kari Wahlgren. Zatanna appears as a non-playable character in DC Universe Online, voiced by Claire Hamilton. Zatanna is a DLC playable character in Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes, voiced again by Kari Wahlgren. She also appears as a portrait in a segment of the first level.[72] Zatanna appears as a playable character in the video game Young Justice: Legacy, with Lacey Chabert reprising the role. She plays an important part near the end of the game, where she uses a locator spell to track down Klarion and the piece of the Tiamat statue in Bialya. Zatanna is a playable character via downloadable content in Injustice: Gods Among Us, voiced again by Lacey Chabert.[73] In Zatanna's ending, she and the One-Earth reality's version of Doctor Fate combine their powers to create the Tower of Fate. It was used as a stronghold for Regime-leader Superman's enemies since Superman is vulnerable to magic and it had saved many lives. Following the defeat of the Regime, it was used as a prison for the remaining Regime forces despite the jury at their trial demanding the immutable defendants to have a death penalty. Zatanna is referenced in Batman: Arkham Origins. A poster for her show is visible on Jezebel Center and outside of the Monarch Theatre. Zatanna appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, voiced once more by Kari Wahlgren. Zatanna is a playable character in the Infinite Crisis video game. Zatanna is referenced in Batman: Arkham Knight. Her shop can be found in Gotham City's Chinatown. Zatanna appears as a playable character in DC Unchained. Zatanna appears as a playable character in the Justice League Dark DLC pack in Lego DC Super-Villains.

title: Zatara

text: In the alternate timeline of the "Flashpoint" event, Zatara was transformed into a motorcycle; his daughter, Zatanna is his owner.

title: Justice League Dark

text: Rumors in November 2012 suggested that Guillermo del Toro was working on a Justice League Dark film titled "Heaven Sent". It would feature Deadman, the Spectre, Swamp Thing, John Constantine, Phantom Stranger, Zatanna, Zatara, Sargon the Sorcerer, and Etrigan the Demon. Del Toro later confirmed in January 2013 that he was working on such a film, with the working title, "Dark Universe", and was hiring a screenwriter. Del Toro revealed Swamp Thing, Constantine, The Spectre, Deadman, Zatanna and Zatara were characters in the story.

title: Hell (DC Comics)

title: Zatanna

text: In the alternate timeline of the Flashpoint event, Zatanna is a member of the Secret Seven and is a member of a motorcycle gang, her father, Giovanni "John" Zatara, is transformed into a motorcycle when Zatanna is riding on him. Zatanna is killed while trying to cast a death spell on Enchantress.[63]

title: Zatara

text: In a "Justice League of America" vol. 2 #39-40 tie-in to the "Blackest Night" crossover, Zatara was reanimated as a member of the Black Lantern Corps, ready to attack his daughter, Zatanna in the Hall of Justice. Zatanna is successful in banishing the Black Lantern, but was left psychologically crushed from having to kill her father (after watching him die once before).

title: Zatanna

text: Zatanna is a recurring character in the final three seasons of Smallville, portrayed by actress Serinda Swan, marking her first appearance in live-action. The character first appeared late in season eight, in the episode "Hex". She is described as the daughter of the deceased John Zatara, "the world's greatest magician". Zatanna is introduced at the Ace of Clubs, the scene of Chloe Sullivan (Allison Mack)'s birthday party. To enliven things, Zatanna uses magic to make characters' inner desires come true—Chloe is physically transformed to resemble her cousin, Lois Lane (Erica Durance), for example, and Clark (Tom Welling) becomes "normal". Zatanna later approaches Oliver Queen (Justin Hartley) and offers him a deal: she will grant him a wish if he returns her father's magical book to her. Once she acquires the Book of Zatara from Green Arrow, whom she recognizes as Oliver, she reveals her aim is to use it to resurrect her father. Because Clark is vulnerable to magic, and Oliver lacks the power to stop her, Zatanna has to realize for herself that her father sacrificed himself so she could live. She later goes to Oliver to explain herself, and decides to help him if he encounters any supernatural foes along the way by leaving him her phone number. Swan reprises the role in the ninth season of Smallville in the episode titled "Warrior". In season ten episodes which feature the government attempting to hunt down the Justice League, Zatanna's picture is shown among their targets. Although not portrayed by Swan, an actor in costume represents Zatanna in the episode "Icarus". In the episode "Fortune", Zatanna is used as a plot device; the episode establishes her as having sent an enchanted bottle of wine to Clark and Lois on the night of their engagement party, which sets the events of that episode in motion.

title: Zachary Zatara

text: After the events of Day of Vengeance, when magic in the DC Universe was changed, Zachary developed abilities similar to his relatives, Zatanna Zatara and John Zatara. Calling himself the "most popular teenaged magician", he briefly joins the Teen Titans. Zachary has little tact, patience, and modesty when it comes to his skills. As a result, he was left with few to no friends amongst the Titans, many of whom looked at him as a selfish brat.


query: Where is the Australian soap opera Neighbours filmed?

title: Ramsay Street

text: Ramsay Street is the fictional cul-de-sac in which the characters of the Australian soap opera Neighbours live. The street is set in the equally fictional Melbourne suburb of Erinsborough. Neighbours storylines primarily centre on the residents of the Street, which was named after the grandfather of original character Max Ramsay (Francis Bell).[1] A storyline within the show saw the name of the street nearly changed to Ramsbottom Street. Harold Bishop (Ian Smith) led a protest against it and won.[2]

title: Soap opera

text: Daytime soap operas were non-existent until the 1970s because there was virtually no daytime television in the UK. ITV introduced General Hospital, which later moved to a prime time slot. In 1980, Scottish Television debuted Take the High Road, which lasted for over twenty years. Later, daytime slots were filled with an influx of Australian soap operas such as The Sullivans (aired on ITV from 1977), The Young Doctors (from 1982), Sons and Daughters (from 1983), A Country Practice (from 1982), Richmond Hill (from 1988 to 1989) and eventually, Neighbours was acquired by the BBC in 1986, and Home and Away aired on ITV beginning in 1989. These achieved significant levels of popularity; Neighbours and Home and Away were moved to early-evening slots, helping begin the UK soap opera boom in the late 1980s.

title: Jim Robinson (Neighbours)

text: Jim Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera "Neighbours", played by Alan Dale. Jim was created by Reg Watson as one of "Neighbours" twelve original characters. He made his on-screen debut in the soap's first episode, which was broadcast on 18 March 1985. Jim was the patriarch of the Robinson family. Dale departed the show in 1993 after falling out with the producers over pay and his character was killed off on 29 April 1993. Dale filmed some scenes for the serial in September 2018, which aired that year on 25 December.

title: Television in Australia

text: The Australian soap opera "Neighbours" was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985. The show's storylines concern the domestic and professional lives of the people who live and work in the fictional suburb of Erinsborough, Melbourne. Seven decided to commission the show following the success of Watson's other soap opera, "Sons and Daughters". "Neighbours" underperformed in the Sydney market and it struggled for four months before Seven cancelled it. The show was immediately bought by rival network, Ten. Ten began screening "Neighbours" on 20 January 1986. "Neighbours" has since become the longest running series in Australian television and attained great success in the United Kingdom and launched the careers of several international stars, including Kylie Minogue and Guy Pearce.

title: Bruce Samazan

text: Bruce Samazan (born 13 November 1970) is an Australian actor who appeared in several soap operas and drama series on Australian television, the only actor to have played regular roles in Australia's "Big Three" soap operas of the 1990s ("E Street", "Neighbours" and "Home and Away").

title: Benjamin Hart

text: Benjamin Hart (born 17 October 1977) is an English actor best known for his roles as Foz in the British soap opera "Hollyoaks", and as Adam Rhodes in the Australian soap opera "Neighbours".

title: Jackie Trent

text: After Trent and Hatch relocated to Australia in the 1980s, they were asked to write the theme song for the television soap-opera "Neighbours". The soap opera was going to be called "Ramsay Street", before the couple penned the song. Trent told Jessie Stoelwinder from "The West Australian", "We wrote the song as "Neighbours" because we said Ramsay Street was too close to "Coronation Street", which was the major soap in Britain." The theme was written and recorded in a day and Trent said "We called in Barry Crocker at about 10pm to put his voice on it and it was on the producer's desk by 10am the following morning. And they loved it, so the series was then called "Neighbours"."

title: Sheree Murphy

text: Sheree Victoria Murphy (born 22 August 1975) is an English actress and television presenter, best known for her roles as Tricia Dingle in the ITV soap opera "Emmerdale", Eva Strong in the Channel 4 soap opera "Hollyoaks" and Dakota Davies in the Australian soap opera "Neighbours".

title: Kevin Harrington (actor)

text: Kevin Harrington (born 1959) is an Australian stage, television and film actor and comedian who is perhaps best known for his roles as Kevin Findlay on the Australian drama "Seachange" in the 1990s and as David Bishop on the soap opera Neighbours.

title: Soap opera

text: Australia has had quite a number of well-known soap operas, some of which have gained cult followings in the UK, New Zealand and other countries. The majority of Australian television soap operas are produced for early evening or evening timeslots. They usually produce two or two-and-a-half hours of new material each week, either arranged as four or five half-hour episodes a week, or as two one-hour episodes. Stylistically, these series most closely resemble UK soap operas in that they are nearly always shot on videotape, are mainly recorded in a studio and use a multi-camera setup. The original Australian serials were shot entirely in-studio. During the 1970s occasional filmed inserts were used to incorporate sequences shot outdoors. Outdoor shooting later became commonplace and starting in the late 1970s, it became standard practice for some on-location footage to be featured in each episode of any Australian soap opera, often to capitalise on the attractiveness and exotic nature of these locations for international audiences.[53] Most Australian soap operas focus on a mixed age range of middle-class characters and will regularly feature a range of locations where the various, disparate characters can meet and interact, such as the café, the surf club, the wine bar or the school.[53]

title: Yasmin Kassim

text: Kassim’s breakout role in Australia came when she was cast in the recurring role of Shay Daeng on the Australian soap opera television series "Neighbours". Following "Neighbours", Kassim moved to Los Angeles and began auditioning for feature films where she was successful in landing roles in two upcoming productions. She is set to appear in the role as Kina in "Jungle", directed by Greg McLean and starring Daniel Radcliffe, and Lisa in "Nest" starring Kelsey Grammer.

title: Johnny Lockwood

text: During the 1980s and 1990s Lockwood made guest appearances in Australian drama series and soap operas. In 1985, he appeared in soap opera "Neighbours" as Daphne Lawrence's grandfather, Harry Henderson. He guest starred in two 1991 episodes of soap opera "E Street". During this period he also acted in feature films.

title: Neighbours: The Music

text: Neighbours: The Music is the soundtrack album to Australian soap opera "Neighbours" released on CD/DVD in 2002.

title: Matt Turner (Neighbours)

text: Matthew James "Matt" Turner is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera "Neighbours", played by Josef Brown. The actor was cast shortly after he completed a guest stint on rival soap opera "Home and Away". Brown relocated to Melbourne for filming and he shot his first scenes as Matt in October 2012. The character was created and introduced to "Neighbours" along with his family, as part of a major overhaul of the show's cast. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 7 February 2013. Brown departed "Neighbours" on 25 March 2015, following Matt's death. Brown reprised the role for one episode on 9 August 2016.

title: Alin Sumarwata

text: Alin Sumarwata is an Australian actress. She is best known for her role in the Australian soap opera "Neighbours" as Vanessa Villante. She has also starred in series 2 of the critically acclaimed "East West 101" and played the role of May Stone in soap opera "Home and Away". In 2017 she played the role of Gracie Novin in .

title: Shane McNamara

text: Shane McNamara is an Australian television and film actor who is best known for his many appearances in the recurring role of Gino Esposito in the Australian soap opera "Neighbours".

title: Jordan Smith (actor)

text: Jordan Patrick Smith (born 1989) is a Scottish-Australian actor. After appearing in several guest roles, Smith was cast as Andrew Robinson in the Australian soap opera "Neighbours". The character's backstory was changed to accommodate Smith's Scottish accent. Smith finished filming on "Neighbours" in 2012. He has since appeared in the feature film "Unbroken", and the historical dramas "Banished" and "Vikings".

title: List of awards and nominations received by Neighbours

text: Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera that has aired since 18 March 1985. The series, its writers and directors have been nominated for a variety of different accolades, including 83 Logie Awards, 31 AWGIE Awards, over 250 Inside Soap Awards, 11 All About Soap Awards and 15 National Television Awards. The series has won 31 Logie Awards, making it the second most successful recipient behind fellow soap opera Home and Away.

title: Decaying Orbit (film)

text: The actor David Paterson has appeared in many TV and film productions including the series "Lost", "The Bold and the Beautiful" and the long-running Australian soap opera, "Neighbours".

title: Anne Haddy

text: Anne Haddy (5 October 1930 – 6 June 1999), was an Australian actress, who worked in all facets of the industry including radio, stage, television and film, she was best known for her television soap roles as Alice Hemmings in cult series "Prisoner", Rosie Andrews on "Sons and Daughters" and matriarch Helen Daniels in the long-running Australian soap opera, "Neighbours".

title: Ben Barber

text: Barber's first major television appearance was in Australian soap opera "Home and Away". He was later cast in fellow soap opera "Neighbours" as regular character, Rhys Lawson. In November 2012, it was announced that Barber would be leaving "Neighbours" in 2013. Barber made a guest appearance during the third season of "Janet King" in 2017.

title: Screening of soap operas in Australia

text: "Neighbours" is an Australian soap opera that first aired on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985. The first season aired at 5:30 pm in Sydney, at 6:00 pm in Melbourne and Adelaide, and at 7.00 pm in Brisbane. "Neighbours" underperformed in Sydney, where it was then moved to a 3.30 pm timeslot. By September 1985, the show was cancelled by Seven after 170 episodes. "Neighbours" was then picked up by rival network Ten, where it began screening with episode 171 on 20 January 1986 at 7:00 pm. In March 1992, the show moved to the 6:30 pm timeslot to avoid direct competition from rival soap opera "Home and Away" on the Seven Network. In 2011, Ten moved "Neighbours" to its digital secondary channel 10 Peach (formerly Eleven), due to poor ratings. The show began screening on 10 Peach on 11 January 2011, the channel's launch day. "Neighbours" currently airs at 6:30 pm each weeknight, and is the longest running drama series in Australian television.

title: Chris Lowe

text: In 1995, Lowe had a cameo in the Australian soap opera "Neighbours". His appearance was filmed whilst Pet Shop Boys were touring Australia.

text: The Digital Spy Soap Awards were created and hosted by entertainment website Digital Spy. The awards celebrate moments in British and Australian soap operas, and were first presented in 2008, where Neighbours was nominated in 13 of the 14 categories.[30] From 2014, the awards became the annual Digital Spy Reader Awards, which polls readers for the best moments in various categories, including television soap operas, films, and tech.[31]

title: Marnie Reece-Wilmore

text: Reece-Wilmore is best known for playing Debbie Martin in the Australian soap opera "Neighbours" from 1992 to 1994, and again from 1996 to 1997. In 2005, Reece-Wilmore filmed a cameo for the "Neighbours"' 20th anniversary special.

title: Neighbors (2014 film)

text: Cameras and iPhones were distributed to extras, partygoers, and cast members for additional first-person perspective. On August 26, 2013, the film's original title "Townies" was changed to "Neighbors". The film was released as "Bad Neighbours" outside of the U.S., to prevent confusion with the similarly titled Australian soap opera. Movie trailers released outside of the U.S. have exploited the movie title's similarity to the Australian soap.

title: Julian Clary

text: In 2007, he made a cameo appearance in the Australian soap opera, "Neighbours", in scenes filmed in London with Natalie Bassingthwaighte.

title: List of past Neighbours characters

text: "Neighbours" is a long-running Australian television soap opera that was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985. The following is an alphabetical list of all the regular characters and cast members that have appeared in the soap.

title: Soap opera

text: The most successful soap opera in Italy is the evening series Un posto al sole ("A Place Under the Sun"), which had aired on Rai 3 since 1996 (whose format is based on the Australian soap opera Neighbours). Several other Italian soaps have been produced such as Ricominciare ("Starting Over"), Cuori rubati ("Stolen Hearts"), Vivere ("Living"), Sottocasa ("Downstairs"), Agrodolce ("Bittersweet") and Centovetrine ("Hundred Shop Windows").

title: Vermont South, Victoria

text: Pin Oak Court is the filming location for "Ramsay Street", in the Australian soap opera "Neighbours". A "Neighbours" Tour Bus operates on a regular basis, which is popular with UK Backpackers.

title: Soap opera

text: Modern U.S. daytime soap operas largely stay true to the original soap opera format. The duration and format of storylines and the visual grammar employed by U.S. daytime serials set them apart from soap operas in other countries and from evening soap operas. Stylistically, UK and Australian soap operas, which are usually produced for early evening timeslots, fall somewhere in between U.S. daytime and evening soap operas. Similar to U.S. daytime soap operas, UK and Australian serials are shot on videotape, and the cast and storylines are rotated across the week's episodes so that each cast member will appear in some but not all episodes. UK and Australian soap operas move through storylines at a faster rate than daytime serials, making them closer to U.S. evening soap operas in this regard.


query: What are the seven virtues?

title: Seven virtues

text: The Catechism of the Catholic Church defines virtue as "a habitual and firm disposition to do the good."[1] Traditionally, the seven Christian virtues or heavenly virtues combine the four classical cardinal virtues of prudence, justice, temperance and courage (or fortitude) with the three theological virtues of faith, hope and charity. These were adopted by the Church Fathers as the seven virtues.

title: Afterlife (video game)

text: While the seven sins are based on the seven deadly sins, only two of the seven virtues correspond to the seven heavenly virtues.

title: Virtue

text: Virtue (, "arete") is moral excellence. A virtue is a trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good and thus is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting collective and individual greatness. In other words, it is a behavior that shows high moral standards. Doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong. The opposite of virtue is vice.

title: Patience is a virtue

text:
Patience is a virtue is a proverbial phrase referring to one of the seven heavenly virtues typically said to date back to "Psychomachia," an epic poem written in the fifth century.
In popular culture, "Patience is a Virtue" can refer to:

title: T. K. Seung

text: Seung elucidates the poem's thematic unity by using three principles essential to medieval Christian thinking. The first principle is the medieval classification of virtues and sins. It provides the framework for understanding the formal structures of the three realms. Seung shows that Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise are structured in accordance with the medieval table of seven natural virtues and three supernatural virtues, which are implicitly celebrated in the ten spheres of Paradiso. The natural virtues are humility, mercy, meekness, fortitude, liberality, temperance, and chastity, and the supernatural virtues are the three theological virtues of faith, hope, and love. The contraries to the natural virtues are the seven deadly sins of pride, envy, wrath, sloth, avarice, gluttony, and lust, and they are condemned as sinful acts in the various sections of Inferno, and on the seven terraces of Purgatorio they appear as vicious dispositions being purged into their virtuous opposites. Moreover, in the beginning of Inferno the supernatural virtues are thematized as being absent; in the beginning of Purgatorio they appear as distorted; near the end of Purgatorio they are celebrated as regained; and finally in the last cantos of Paradiso they are presented in full display.

title: Seven virtues

text: After Pope Gregory released his list of seven deadly sins in 590 AD, the seven virtues became identified as chastity, temperance, charity, diligence, patience, kindness, and humility. Practicing them is said to protect one against temptation from the seven deadly sins.

title: Virtue epistemology

text: Virtue epistemologists differ in what they believe epistemic virtues to be. Some accounts are Aristotelian, drawing a relationship between intellectual virtue and character in a similar way to the way moral virtue is related to character, while "weak" virtue epistemology have an account that doesn't require any particular commitment or cultivation of intellectual virtue. Abrol Fairweather argues that these "weak" virtue epistemologists "merely [use] virtue theory as a novel lexicon for expressing an independent epistemic theory".

title: Cardinal virtues

text:
Later, in the High Middle Ages, some authors opposed the seven virtues (cardinal plus theological) to the seven capital sins. However, “treatises exclusively concentrating on both septenaries are actually quite rare.” and “examples of late medieval catalogues of virtues and vices which extend or upset the double heptad can be easily multiplied.” And there are problems with this parallelism.
Jesuit scholars Daniel Harrington and James Keenan in their "Paul and Virtue Ethics" (2010) argue for seven "new virtues" to replace the classical cardinal virtues in complementing the three theological virtues, listed as "be humble, be hospitable, be merciful, be faithful, reconcile, be vigilant, and be reliable", although they don't explain why it has to be an either/or matter of replacing the cardinal virtues rather than supplementing them.

title: After Virtue

text: MacIntyre holds that "After Virtue" makes seven central claims. It begins with an allegory suggestive of the premise of the science-fiction novel "A Canticle for Leibowitz": a world where all sciences have been dismantled quickly and almost entirely. MacIntyre asks what the sciences would look like if they were re-assembled from the remnants of scientific knowledge that survived the catastrophe.

title: Virtue

text: In 410 CE, Aurelius Prudentius Clemens listed seven "heavenly virtues" in his book Psychomachia (Battle of Souls) which is an allegorical story of conflict between vices and virtues. The virtues depicted were:

title: Courage

text: In both Catholicism and Anglicanism, courage is also one of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. For Thomas Aquinas, Fortitude is the virtue to remove any obstacle that keeps the will from following reason. Thomas Aquinas argues that Courage is a virtue which, along with the Christian virtues in the Summa Theologica, can only be exemplified with the presence of the Christian virtues: faith, hope, and mercy. In order to understand true courage in Christianity it takes someone who displays the virtues of faith, hope, and mercy. Courage is a natural virtue which Saint Augustine did not consider a virtue for Christians. Thomas Aquinas considers courage a virtue through the Christian virtue of mercy. Only through mercy and charity can we call the natural virtue of courage a Christian virtue. Unlike Aristotle, Aquinas’ courage is about endurance, not bravery in battle.

title: Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit

text: The Rev. Brian Shanley contrasts the gifts to the virtues this way: "What the gifts do over and above the theological virtues (which they presuppose) is dispose the agent to the special promptings of the Holy Spirit in actively exercising the life of the virtues; the gifts are necessary for the perfect operations of the virtues, especially in the face of our human weakness and in difficult situations."

title: Cardinal virtues

text:
Augustine of Hippo, discussing the morals of the church, described them:
The "cardinal" virtues are not the same as the three theological virtues: Faith, Hope and Charity (Love), named in 1 Corinthians 13.
"And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love."
Because of this reference, a group of seven attributes is sometimes listed by adding the four cardinal virtues (prudence, temperance, fortitude, justice) and three theological virtues (faith, hope, charity).
Together, they comprise what is known as the seven virtues. While the first four date back to Greek philosophers and were applicable to all people seeking to live moral lives, the "theological virtues" appear to be specific to Christians as written by Paul in The New Testament.

title: Virtue

text: The four classic cardinal virtues are temperance, prudence, courage, and justice. Christianity derives the three theological virtues of faith, hope and love (charity) from 1 Corinthians. Together these make up the seven virtues. Buddhism's four brahmavihara ("Divine States") can be regarded as virtues in the European sense. The Japanese Bushidō code is characterized by up to ten virtues, including rectitude, courage, and benevolence.

title: Ethics in religion

text: There are several different schema of vice and virtue. Aquinas adopted the four cardinal virtues of Aristotle (justice, courage, temperance and prudence), and added to them the Christian virtues of faith, hope and charity (from St.Paul, ). Other schema include the Seven Deadly Sins and the Seven virtues. For more see Christian philosophy and Biblical law in Christianity.

title: Virtue ethics

text: There are several different lists of particular virtues. Socrates argued that virtue is knowledge, which suggests that there is really only one virtue. The Stoics concurred, claiming the four cardinal virtues were only aspects of true virtue. John McDowell is a recent defender of this conception. He argues that virtue is a "perceptual capacity" to identify how one ought to act, and that all particular virtues are merely "specialized sensitivities" to a range of reasons for acting.Aristotle identifies approximately eighteen virtues that enable a person to perform their human function well. He distinguished virtues pertaining to emotion and desire from those pertaining to the mind. The first he calls "moral" virtues, and the second intellectual virtues (though both are "moral" in the modern sense of the word). Each moral virtue was a mean (see golden mean) between two corresponding vices, one of excess and one of deficiency. Each intellectual virtue is a mental skill or habit by which the mind arrives at truth, affirming what is or denying what is not. In the "Nicomachean Ethics" he discusses about 11 moral virtues:1. Courage in the face of fear

title: Virtue ethics

text: Consequentialist and deontological theories often still employ the term 'virtue', but in a restricted sense, namely as a tendency or disposition to adhere to the system's principles or rules. These very different senses of what constitutes virtue, hidden behind the same word, are a potential source of confusion. This disagreement over the meaning of virtue points to a larger conflict between virtue theory and its philosophical rivals. A system of virtue theory is only intelligible if it is teleological: that is, if it includes an account of the purpose ("telos") of human life, or in popular language, the meaning of life. Obviously, strong claims about the purpose of human life, or of what the good life for human beings is, will be highly controversial. Virtue theory's necessary commitment to a teleological account of human life thus puts the tradition in sharp tension with other dominant approaches to normative ethics, which, because they focus on actions, do not bear this burden.

title: Virtue ethics

text: Virtue ethics differs from both deontology consequentialism as it focuses on being over doing. A virtue ethicist identifies virtues, desirable characteristics, that the moral or virtuous person embodies. Possessing these virtues is what makes one moral, and one's actions are a mere reflection of one's inner morality. To the virtue philosopher, action cannot be used as a demarcation of morality, because a virtue encompasses more than just a simple selection of action. Instead, it is about a way of being that would cause the person exhibiting the virtue to make a certain "virtuous" choice consistently in each situation. There is a great deal of disagreement within virtue ethics over what are virtues and what are not. There are also difficulties in identifying what is the "virtuous" action to take in all circumstances, and how to define a virtue.

title: Virtue

text:
They became known through Benjamin Franklin's autobiography.Marc Jackson in his book "Emotion and Psyche" puts forward a new development of the virtues. He identifies the virtues as what he calls the good emotions "The first group consisting of love, kindness, joy, faith, awe and pity is good" These virtues differ from older accounts of the virtues because they are not character traits expressed by action, but emotions that are to be felt and developed by feeling not acting.
Ayn Rand held that her morality, the , contained a single axiom: existence exists, and a single choice: to live. All values and virtues proceed from these. To live, man must hold three fundamental values that one develops and achieves in life: Reason, Purpose, and Self-Esteem. A value is "that which one acts to gain and/or keep ... and the virtue[s] [are] the act[ions] by which one gains and/or keeps it." The primary virtue in Objectivist ethics is rationality, which as Rand meant it is "the recognition and acceptance of reason as one's only source of knowledge, one's only judge of values and one's only guide to action." These values are achieved by passionate and consistent action and the virtues are the policies for achieving those fundamental values. Ayn Rand describes seven virtues: rationality, productiveness, pride, independence, integrity, honesty and justice. The first three represent the three primary virtues that correspond to the three fundamental values, whereas the final four are derived from the virtue of rationality. She claims that virtue is not an end in itself, that virtue is not its own reward nor sacrificial fodder for the reward of evil, that life is the reward of virtue and happiness is the goal and the reward of life. Man has a single basic choice: to think or not, and that is the gauge of his virtue. Moral perfection is an unbreached rationality, not the degree of your intelligence but the full and relentless use of your mind, not the extent of your knowledge but the acceptance of reason as an absolute.

title: Seven virtues

text: It should be noted, however, that these seven virtues do not correspond to the seven heavenly virtues arrived at by combining the cardinal and theological virtues. Furthermore, efforts in the Middle Ages to set the seven heavenly virtues in direct opposition to the seven capital sins are both uncommon and beset with difficulties. “[T]reatises exclusively concentrating on both septenaries are actually quite rare.” and “examples of late medieval catalogues of virtues and vices which extend or upset the double heptad can be easily multiplied.” [9] And there are problems with this parallelism.

title: Seven virtues

text: Philosophers recognized the interrelatedness of the virtues such that courage without prudence risks becoming mere foolhardiness. Aquinas found an interconnection of practical wisdom (prudentia) and moral virtue. This is frequently termed "the Unity of the Virtues."[7] Aquinas also argued that it not only matters what a person does but how the person does it. The person must aim at a good end and also make a right choice about the means to that end. The moral virtues direct the person to aim at a good end, but to ensure that the person make the right choices about the means to a good end, one needs practical wisdom.[8]

title: Septych

text: Michelle de Villiers mixed media work, "Celestial Sandwich Septych", is described as a "sandwich consist[ing] of several layers: the seven days of creation; the seven heavenly virtues; seven greek vowels-alpha to omega. The seven virtues will balance the seven Deadly Sins." The 14 collected painting are to be installed so as to "juxtapose the seven sins with the seven virtues, to create balance, which is a fine line down the middle of the space."

title: Seven deadly sins

text:
With Christianity, historic Christian denominations such as the Catholic Church and Protestant Churches, including the Lutheran Church, recognize seven virtues, which correspond inversely to each of the seven deadly sins.
Confession is the act of admitting the commission of a sin to a priest, who in turn will forgive the person in the name (in the person) of Christ, give a penance to (partially) make up for the offense, and advise the person on what he or she should do afterwards.

title: Seven virtues

text: A list of seven virtues that oppose the seven deadly sins appeared later in an epic poem titled Psychomachia, or Battle/Contest of the Soul. Written by Aurelius Clemens Prudentius, a Christian governor who died around 410 AD, it entails the battle between good virtues and evil vices. The enormous popularity of this work in the Middle Ages helped to spread the concept of holy virtue throughout Europe.

title: Nicomachean Ethics

text: To have the virtue of greatness of soul, and be worthy of what is greatest, one must be good in a true sense, and possess what is great in all virtues. As Sachs points out: "Greatness of soul is the first of four virtues that Aristotle will find to require the presence of all the virtues of character." The others are a type of justice (1129b in ), phronesis or practical judgment as shown by good leaders (1144b in ), and truly good friends (1157a in ). Aristotle views magnanimity as "a sort of adornment of the moral virtues; for it makes them greater, and it does not arise without them."

title: Virtù

text: "Virtù", an Italian word meaning "virtue" or "power", is derived from the Latin "virtus" (lit. "manliness"). It describes the qualities desirable for a man, as opposed to "vizio" (vice). In the Italian language, the term virtù is historically related to the Greek concept of "arete", the Latin virtus, and Medieval Catholic virtues, e.g. the Seven virtues. Thus Machiavelli's use of the term is linked to the concept of virtue ethics.

title: Virtue

text: Christian scholars frequently add the four Greek cardinal virtues (prudence, justice, temperance, and courage) to the theological virtues to give the seven virtues; for example, these seven are the ones described in the "Catechism of the Catholic Church", sections 1803–1829.

title: Virtue

text: The Bhagavad Gita - considered one of the epitomes of historic Hindu discussion of virtues and an allegorical debate on what is right and what is wrong - argues some virtues are not necessarily always absolute, but sometimes relational; for example, it explains a virtue such as Ahimsa must be re-examined when one is faced with war or violence from the aggressiveness, immaturity or ignorance of others.

title: Prudence

text: In Greek and Scholastic philosophy, "form" is the specific characteristic of a thing that makes it what it is. With this language, prudence confers upon other virtues the form of its inner essence; that is, its specific character as a virtue. For instance, not all acts of telling the truth are considered good, considered as done with the virtue of honesty. What makes telling the truth a virtue is whether it is done with prudence.

title: Seven virtues

text: The opposition between the virtues and the vices to which these works allude despite the frequent inclusion of other schemes may seem unproblematic at first sight. The virtues and the vices seem to mirror each other as positive and negative moral attitudes, so that medieval authors, with their keen predilection for parallels and oppositions, could conveniently set them against each other. . . . Yet artistic representations such as Conrad’s trees are misleading in that they establish oppositions between the principal virtues and the capital vices which are based on mere juxtaposition. As to content, the two schemes do not match each other. The capital vices of lust and avarice, for instance, contrast with the remedial virtues of chastity and generosity, respectively, rather than with any theological or cardinal virtue; conversely, the virtues of hope and prudence are opposed to despair and foolishness rather than to any deadly sin. Medieval moral authors were well aware of the fact. Actually, the capital vices are more often contrasted with the remedial or contrary virtues in medieval moral literature than with the principal virtues, while the principal virtues are frequently accompanied by a set of mirroring vices rather than by the seven deadly sins.[10]


query: What day was Tsar Nicolas killed?

title: Execution of the Romanov family

text: The Russian Imperial Romanov family (Tsar Nicholas II, his wife Tsarina Alexandra and their five children Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei) and all those who chose to accompany them into imprisonment—notably Eugene Botkin, Anna Demidova, Alexei Trupp and Ivan Kharitonov, according to the conclusion of the investigator Sokolov, were shot and bayoneted to death[1][2] in Yekaterinburg on the night of 16–17 July 1918.[3] According to the official state version in the USSR, former Tsar Nicholas Romanov, along with members of his family and retinue, was executed by firing squad, by order of the Ural Regional Soviet, due to the threat of the city being occupied by Whites (Czechoslovak Legion)[4][5]. By the assumption of a number of researchers, this was done according to instructions by Lenin, Yakov Sverdlov and Felix Dzerzhinsky. Their bodies were then taken to the Koptyaki forest where they were stripped and mutilated.[6][2] In 1919, White Army investigation (of Sokolov) failed to find the gravesite, concluding that the imperial family's remains had been cremated at the mineshaft called Ganina Yama, since evidence of fire was found.[7]. In 1979 and 2007, the remains of the bodies were found in two unmarked graves in a field called Porosenkov Log.[8]

title: Church of the Savior on Blood

text: The church is prominently situated along the Griboedov Canal; paved roads run along both sides of the canal. On March 13, 1881 (Julian date: March 1), as Tsar Alexander II's carriage passed along the embankment, a grenade thrown by an anarchist conspirator exploded. The tsar, shaken but unhurt, got out of the carriage and started to remonstrate with the presumed culprit. A second conspirator took the chance to throw another bomb, killing himself and mortally wounding the tsar. The tsar, bleeding heavily, was taken back to the Winter Palace, where he died a few hours later.

title: Vera; or, The Nihilists

text: Alexis ascends the throne and exiles Prince Paul Maraloffski, not to Siberia, but to Paris. Maraloffski joins the Nihilists to kill Alexis. The task of assassinating the Tsar is given to Vera. She must infiltrate the palace, stab the Tsar and throw the dagger out the window as a signal to Nihilist agents below. If she does not, the agents will break in and kill him. Vera is reluctant to kill the man she loves, though.

title: Nicolas Notovitch

text: In 1906 Notovitch published a book in Russian and French, pleading for Russia's entry into the Triple Entente with France and England. It is entitled in French: "La Russie et l'alliance anglaise: étude historique et politique". He also wrote biographies of Tsar Nicolas II and Alexander III. He had also written "L'Europe à la veille de la guerre"

title: Alexander Berkman

text: As a youth, Berkman was influenced by the growing radicalism that was spreading among workers in the Russian capital. A wave of political assassinations culminated in a bomb blast that killed Tsar Alexander II in 1881. While his parents worried—correctly, as it turned out—that the tsar's death might result in repression of the Jews and other minorities, Berkman became intrigued by the radical ideas of the day, including populism and nihilism. He became very upset when his favorite uncle, his mother's brother Mark Natanson, was sentenced to death for revolutionary activities.

title: Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia

text: The "Yurovsky Note", an account of the event filed by Yurovsky to his Bolshevik superiors following the killings, was found in 1989 and detailed in Edvard Radzinsky's 1992 book, "The Last Tsar". According to the note, on the night of the deaths the family was awakened and told to dress. They were told they were being moved to a new location to ensure their safety in anticipation of the violence that might ensue when the White Army reached Yekaterinburg. Once dressed, the family and the small circle of servants who had remained with them were herded into a small room in the house's sub-basement and told to wait. Alexandra and Alexei sat in chairs provided by guards at the Empress's request. After several minutes, the guards entered the room, led by Yurovsky, who quickly informed the Tsar and his family that they were to be executed. The Tsar had time to say only "What?" and turn to his family before he was killed by several bullets to the chest (not, as is commonly stated, to the head; his skull, recovered in 1991, bears no bullet wounds). The Tsarina and her daughter Olga tried to make the sign of the cross, but were killed in the initial volley of bullets fired by the executioners. The rest of the Imperial retinue were shot in short order, with the exception of Anna Demidova, Alexandra's maid. Demidova survived the initial onslaught, but was quickly stabbed to death against the back wall of the basement, while trying to defend herself with a small pillow she had carried into the sub-basement that was filled with precious gems and jewels.

title: Tsar (film)

text: 3. The Tsar's Wrath. The Tsar orders Metropolitan Philip to judge the governor, and the court convicts the governor's men of treason. Realizing that the defendants are speaking the truth, Metropolitan Philip refuses to sign the death warrant. Meanwhile, the Tsar prepares their execution: he pits them one on one against a bear. Killing two commanders, bear attacks Kolycheva. At this point, Masha runs into the arena with the icon and tries to stop the bear. It kills Masha with his paw. Metropolitan Philip, horrified by the senseless brutality of the Tsar, seeing the futility of their attempts to persuade the Tsar to give up violence, enters the arena, and raises the icon. During a service at the Church, he refuses to bless the Tsar, who furiously strips the Metropolitan of his rank and forces him to watch the execution of his nephew on the rack. The Tsar decides to pardon Philip himself, but forever exiles him to a monastery, where he is treated as an ordinary prisoner, shackled, deprived of even water.

title: Irina Yusupova

text: Prince Felix was the heir of one of the wealthiest families of Russia and of Europe. Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia was the daughter of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna, the elder daughter of Tsar Alexander III and sister of Tsar Nicolas II.

title: Moscow uprising of 1682

text: A few days later, on 17 May, the rebels once again stormed the royal residence and killed a number of Naryshkin supporters, including two of the Naryshkin brothers (Kirill and Ivan) in the presence of the young tsar Peter, their nephew. Mobs of poor people joined with the Streltsy, and the streets of Moscow saw several days of looting. The May uprising led to the proclamation of Peter's older half-brother Ivan V as the "first" tsar and the relegation of the young Peter I to second position, with Sophia, Ivan's full sister and Peter's half sister, acting as a regent for them both.

title: Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)

text: By March 1917, conditions had worsened even more. Steelworkers went out on strike on 7 March, and the following day, crowds hungry for bread began rioting on the streets of St Petersburg to protest food shortages and the war. After two days of rioting, the tsar ordered the Army to restore order and on 11 March they fired on the crowd. That very same day, the Duma, the elected legislature, urged the tsar to take action to ameliorate the concerns of the people. The tsar responded by dissolving the Duma.

title: List of Coronation Street characters (2017)

text: Nicola returns a few weeks later and makes amends with Phelan, but she lets Gary know that Seb is with her due to him finding out Phelan killed Luke Britton (Dean Fagan) and that she will bring Phelan down. Phelan later finds out about her plan when she is in hospital due to complications with her baby and he tells her never to see her again. Nicola returns to Weatherfield when Phelan supposedly drowns following a confrontation with Eileen on a pier, moving in with Eileen and Seb. After hearing fireworks from the attic set off by Faye, Nicola falls down the stairs and is rushed to hospital where she is gives birth to a baby boy through an emergency caesarean, who she names Zack after her adoptive father, Isaac. A couple of days later, Phelan returns to Weatherfield with a gun and demands to see Zack, however Nicola stops him. Nicola, Seb and Eileen all attempt to disarm Phelan, but a gunshot rings out. Nicola is revealed to have been shot, and after knocking out Eileen and Seb, Phelan carries her to the bistro for help. Nicola survives, and after Phelan shoots Michelle Connor (Kym Marsh), Phelan is stabbed in the chest and killed by Anna. Nicola later departs Weatherfield with Zack and Eileen to go and build a new life in Bristol.

title: Stanišići

text: The complex also contains the St. father Nicola monastery, which was consecrated by Zvornik-Tuzla Bishop Vasilije, Zahumlje-Herzegovina Bishop Grigorije and America-Canada Bishop Longin on 22 May 2006. St. father Nicola's and tsar Stefan Uroš's relics have been laid under the throne. After consecration, many baptisms and weddings took place in the monastery.

title: The Romanov Prophecy

text: After weak governments and the communist era, the Russian people vote to reestablish the monarchy and bring back a new tsar, who will be chosen among the closest relative of Nicholas II of Russia from the surviving Romanov clans. Miles Lord, the protagonist, is tasked to do a background check on the favorite contender to be tsar, Stefan Baklanov. After almost being killed in the center of Moscow, Lord starts to discover new facts and documents that could threaten Baklanov's aspirations. Based on the diary of Felix Yusupov and a prophecy of the famous Rasputin, Lord finds out that there could be a direct descendant of Alexis and Anastasia, children of Nicholas II, living somewhere in the world. In this novel, Lord travels to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Starodub, Vladivostok, Atlanta and San Francisco trying to find the inheritor of the Romanov family. If he has success, Russia will find the real tsar, if not, Stefan Baklanov will obtain power, and nobody knows what he will do with the country.

title: The Laughing Cavalier (novel)

text: Nicolaes follows Gilda out of the church and it soon becomes apparent that she has overheard everything. She begs her brother to reconsider his part in the plot, but he refuses and instead asks her to swear that she will not tell their father. She also refuses, but Nicolaes still tells the rest of the group that she can be trusted not to betray them. Stoutenburg is not convinced and persuades Nicolaes to send Gilda away for a few days, so they can kill the Stadtholder before she can tell anyone.

title: Tomsk

text: Tomsk originated with a decree from Tsar Boris Godunov in 1604 after , the Tatar duke of , asked for the Tsar's protection against Kirghiz bandits. The Tsar sent 200 Cossacks under the command of and Gavriil Ivanovich Pisemsky to construct a fortress on the bank of the Tom River, overlooking what would become the city of Tomsk. Toian ceded the land for the fortress to the Tsar.

title: Peter the Great

text: Thanks to the mediation of Nicolaes Witsen, mayor of Amsterdam and expert on Russia, the Tsar was given the opportunity to gain practical experience in the largest shipyard in the world, belonging to the Dutch East India Company, for a period of four months. The Tsar helped with the construction of an East Indiaman especially laid down for him: Peter and Paul. During his stay the Tsar engaged many skilled workers such as builders of locks, fortresses, shipwrights, and seamen—including Cornelis Cruys, a vice-admiral who became, under Franz Lefort, the Tsar's advisor in maritime affairs. Peter later put his knowledge of shipbuilding to use in helping build Russia's navy.[16]

title: The Assassin of the Tsar

text: Timofyev (Malcolm McDowell) is a patient in an asylum who claims to be the man who killed Tsar Alexander II in 1881, and his grandson Tsar Nicholas II in 1918. Doctor Smirnov (Oleg Yankovsky) decides to apply a peculiar therapeutic method on him, but things go in an unexpected way.

title: Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia

text:
Again, on 9 December 1916, she warned Felix, reporting a foreboding conversation she had had with their 21-month-old daughter: "Something unbelievable's been going on with Baby. A couple of nights ago she didn't sleep well and kept repeating, "War, nanny, war!" The next day she was asked, "War or peace?" And Baby answered, "War!" The next day I said, "Say, 'peace.' " And she looked right at me and answered, "War!" It's very strange."
Irina's pleas were in vain. Her husband and his co-conspirators went forward with the plan without her. After the killing, Nicolas exiled both Yusupov and Dmitri Pavlovich. Felix was exiled to Rakitnoye, a remote country estate in the Rakityansky District that had been owned by the family since 1729. Dmitri was exiled to the Persian front with the army. Sixteen members of the family signed a letter asking the Tsar to reconsider his decision due to Dmitri's weak health, but Nicholas II refused to consider the petition. "Nobody has the right to kill on his own private judgment," wrote Nicholas II. "I know that there are many others besides Dmitri Pavlovich whose consciences give them no rest, because they are compromised. I am astonished that you should have applied to me." Irina's father, "Sandro", visited the couple at Rakitnoye in February 1917 and found their mood "buoyant, but militant."

title: Nikolai Rysakov

text: Nikolai Ivanovich Rysakov (; 1861– 3 April 1881) was a Russian revolutionary and a member of Narodnaya Volya. He personally took part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, throwing a bomb that disabled the Tsar's carriage. A second bomb by an accomplice, Ignacy Hryniewiecki, killed the Tsar. Rysakov was promptly arrested, put on trial, and hanged, along with other accomplices.

title: Stanisław Kierbedź

text: In 1842 he came up with the idea to build an iron bridge over the Neva River. The project was risky because of the construction conditions: a 12 meter deep river, with a strong current, ice floes in the winter, tidal waters, as well as the need to keep the river available for ships. Experts doubted at the time whether it is possible to build any bridge over the capricious river. The decision to entrust its construction to Kierbedź was taken by Tsar Nicholas I directly. Construction took 8 years and St. Petersburg gained a bridge 342 meters long, 20 meters wide, made of cast-iron with seven fixed spans and one drawbridge. It was named the Blagoveshchensky Bridge (later renamed Nikolaevsky Bridge after Tsar Nicolas's death). On the opening day of the bridge (on 18 November 1850), Kierbedzia was awarded a specially stamped medal and appointed to be a Major-General.

title: The Tsar's Bride (opera)

text: In the meantime, the Tsar of the title, Ivan IV (known as "Ivan the Terrible"), is looking for a new bride from the best aristocratic maidens in Russia. The Tsar settles upon Marfa. At the celebration of the engagement of Marfa to Lykov, everyone is surprised when the news arrives of the Tsar's choice of Marfa as his bride. Gryaznoi had slipped what he thought was the love potion from Bomelius into Marfa's drink at the feast.

title: Giovanni Pandico

text: Pandico was inclined by this piece of information to seek revenge on the people responsible for his friend's incarceration. On June 18, 1970, two days after his release from prison, he went to city hall with the intention to kill the mayor, Nicola Nappi. In his rampage through the corridors of the city hall, he first killed Giuseppe Gaetano, a city supervisor who tried to block him. He then proceeded to shoot and kill Guido Adrianopoli, a clerk who had appeared in the corridor to see what was going on. Finally, he shot and wounded the mayor and employee, Pasquale Scola, who were both trying to find some protection in the mayor's desk.

title: National Opera of Ukraine

text:
On , there was a performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" at the Kiev Opera House in the presence of the Tsar and his two oldest daughters, the Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana. The theater was occupied by 90 men posted as interior guards. During the intermission of a performance Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin was killed.
According to Alexander Spiridovich, after the second act "Stolypin was standing in front of the ramp separating the parterre from the orchestra, his back to the stage. On his right were Baron Freedericks and Gen. Suhkomlinov." His personal body guard had gone to smoke. Stolypin was shot twice, once in the arm and once in the chest by Dmitry Bogrov, a leftist revolutionary, trying to rehabilitate himself. Bogrov ran to one of the entries and was subsequently caught. "He [Stolypin] turned toward the Imperial Box, then seeing the Tsar who had entered the box, he made a gesture with both hands to tell the Tsar to go back." The orchestra began to play "God Save the Tsar." The doctors hoped Stolypin would recover, but, despite never losing consciousness, his condition deteriorated. The next day, the distressed Tsar knelt at Stolypin's hospital bedside and kept repeating the words "Forgive me". Stolypin died three days later.

title: Pat Phelan (Coronation Street)

text: On the day of Anna's sentencing, Phelan becomes surprised when Nicola turns up at the builders yard - seeking forgiveness for the accusations she made against him. Phelan forgives Nicola and the pair form a conversation of the recent events when Gary spots the pair and instantly confronts them, only for Nicola to dismiss his accusations against Phelan at the request of "building bridges, not breaking them", thus implying that she wants to move on from the past. Although Gary ends up leaving out of anger, he's soon requested by Nicola to meet up at her flat, whereupon he finds out that Seb has taken refugee at Nicola's since the trial. Nicola tells Gary that she defended Phelan to ensure that he doesn't uncover her true intentions, as she had recently learned from Seb about Phelan framing Anna and killing Luke. Initially skeptical, Gary reluctantly agrees to go through with her plan on seeking a job at Phelan's new site mill project in order to investigate his crimes as well as raising money for their impending baby; the pair recently had a one-night stand together, which led to Nicola getting pregnant and Gary being revealed as the father of her would-be child. This apparently works when Nicola manages to persuade Phelan to reluctantly hire Gary under her conditions of her child's upcoming future, and Gary manages to make some progress when he notices Phelan feeling pressured upon his boss Mona Beattie (Rachel Logan) announcing that the project is scheduled to be launched near the place where he killed Andy and Vinny. Eventually, Phelan grows suspicious when he spots someone inside Nicola's flat and steadily learns of her betrayal when he manages to gain access into her flat and ends up seeing Seb there. On the day Nicola is rushed to hospital upon collapsing from her baby's kicking, Phelan confronted her shortly after firing Gary from the mill site job and the pair argued, concluding with Phelan disowning Nicola before storming out in tears, later explaining the situation to Eileen and declaring that she and her granddaughter Summer Spellman (Matilda Freeman) are the only people he trusts; further stating that Nicola can "go to hell" along with Gary and Seb.

title: Daugavpils fortress

text: About 10,000 workers built the fortress in two shifts. In 1812, the fortress was attacked by a detachment of the French Army of 24,000 men. The fortress was still under construction and was defended by 3300 men with 200 cannons. The fortress was a significant modern military centre of the Russian Empire, for a long time being a defense base of the western frontier of the Russian Empire. The direct route taken by Russian nobles and Royalty from St. Petersburg (then capital of the Russian Empire) to Europe led right through the city of Daugavpils (then named Dinaburg), and Daugavpils Fortress was the place of rest for many nobles including tsars Alexander I, Nicolas I, Alexander II, Alexander III and Russia’s last tsar Nicolas II.

title: Nicola King

text: Nicola told Laurel on 8 May 2009 that she thought she was pregnant. Laurel persuaded her to do a test and a few days later, Nicola learned that she was 17 weeks pregnant. Shocked, she insisted the doctor was wrong as she was sure that she and Jimmy had always been careful, except the night they spent in the van. She considered an abortion and even booked an appointment but cancelled it after discussing it with Laurel and Rodney. Laurel also talked her out of putting the baby up for adoption, assisted by Lexi. Nicola returned to Mill Cottage with Jimmy and started looking forward to the arrival of their baby. Lexi King (Sally Oliver) was surprised that Nicola hadn't started thinking about the nursery so when her pregnancy was confirmed, they went shopping for nursery furniture. Unfortunately Lexi's pregnancy was ectopic and the tube burst, so it had to be removed. Nicola supported Lexi but tried not to be there too much, fearing that her now obvious pregnancy was making Lexi feel worse. She also backed her up when Carl King (Tom Lister) made excuses about not being able to go to IVF clinic with Lexi. Jimmy later told her that Carl had admitted that he didn't want any more children and was only going ahead with the IVF to please Lexi but Nicola warned Carl that he had to tell Lexi the truth or she would. He did on 3 August and Lexi told him to leave, which he did. Still angry, Lexi blamed Nicola when she tried to comfort her and pushed her away, causing her to fall down the stairs after a vicious row, leaving her unconscious. Horrified by what she'd done, Lexi called an ambulance and Nicola was rushed to hospital. Luckily, she was discharged the same day but went into labour a few days later, while locked in the farm shop. Luckily Rodney and Cain got her to the hospital before she gave birth to a baby girl, with Jimmy at her side. The little girl was put in an incubator and rushed away for further treatment, but Nicola and Jimmy are reassured by the doctor that their little girl is going to be fine, naming her Angelica. When baby Angelica was taken away for further tests, Nicola took a shower and the nurse gave Angelica to Lexi, who took her up on to the roof, just to show her the view. Unfortunately Nicola and Jimmy misunderstood what Lexi was doing and panicked. Lexi returned the baby to Jimmy and Nicola before having a rooftop showdown with Carl about their relationship.

title: Narodnaya Volya

text: The Tsar had been formally sentenced to death by the Executive Committee of "Narodnaya Volya" on August 25, 1879, on the heels of the execution of former "Zemlevolets" Solomon Wittenberg, who had attempted to build a mine to sink a ship carrying the Tsar into Odessa harbor the previous year. An initial plan called for the use of dynamite to destroy a train carrying the Tsar, which ended with an explosion that destroyed a freight car and led to a derailment. A February 1880 attempt used a quantity of dynamite to attempt to blow up the Tsar in a palace dining room. The resulting explosion killed 11 guards and soldiers and wounded 56, but missed the Tsar, who was not in the dining hall as expected.

title: Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich

text: Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich (, old orthography: Царь Ѳедоръ Іоанновичъ) is a 1868 historical drama by Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy. It is the second part of a trilogy that begins with "The Death of Ivan the Terrible" and concludes with "Tsar Boris". All three plays were banned by the censor. "Tsar Fyodor" is written in blank verse and was influenced by the work of William Shakespeare, Casimir Delavigne, and Edward Bulwer-Lytton. It dramatises the story of Feodor I of Russia, whom the play portrays as a good man who is a weak, ineffectual ruler. The trilogy formed the core of Tolstoy's reputation as a writer in the Russia of his day and as a dramatist to this day. It has been considered Tolstoy's masterpiece.

title: Siege of Kromy

text: On April 13, 1605, Boris Godunov died and his son, Fedor, became Tsar. Many of the boyars began to look for ways to get rid of the elected Zemstvo dynasty. On May 7, most of the government army, following the agitation of the hero of the Novgorod-Seversk siege, Peter Basmanov (who took part in the conspiracy against the Godunovs), took the side of False Dmitry. Tsar Fedor II Godunov was killed by Pretender's agents on June 10, 1605 and False Dmitry I entered Moscow as new Tsar. His rule would last till May 17, 1606, when he would be killed and replaced by Vasili IV Shuiski.

title: Bloody Sunday (1905)

text: The total number killed in the day's clashes is uncertain but the Tsar's officials recorded 96 dead and 333 injured; anti-government sources claimed more than 4,000 dead; moderate estimates still average around 1,000 killed or wounded, both from shots and trampled during the panic. Another source noted that the official estimate was 132 people killed. Leon Trotsky did not put forward a precise figure but claimed that hundreds were killed and that many casualties were secretly buried by the authorities.

title: A Life for the Tsar

text:
"A dense forest"
Sobinin reassures his men of the rightness of their mission. Night falls. In a part of the forest near a monastery, Vanya knocks at the gates and alerts the inhabitants to spirit the Tsar away. Susanin has led the suspicious Polish troops into an impassable, snow-covered area of the forest. The Poles sleep while Susanin waits for the dawn and bids farewell to his children. A blizzard sets in, and when day breaks, the Poles awake. When they realize that Susanin has deceived them, they kill him.