query: When was Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots released?

title: Metal Gear

text: Metal Gear(Japanese:メタルギア,Hepburn:Metaru Gia) is a series of action-adventure stealth video games, created by Hideo Kojima and developed and published by Konami. The first game, Metal Gear, was released in 1987 for MSX home computers. The player often takes control of a special forces operative (usually either Solid Snake or Big Boss), who is assigned to find the titular superweapon "Metal Gear", a bipedal walking tank with the ability to launch nuclear weapons. Several sequels have been released for multiple consoles, which have expanded the original game's plot adding characters opposing and supporting Snake, while there have also been a few prequels exploring the origins of the Metal Gear and recurring characters.

title: Metal Gear

text: Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots deals with a rapidly aging Solid Snake (now branded "Old Snake") who is on a mission to find and defeat Revolver Ocelot, now known as Liquid Ocelot. Despite the destruction of the Arsenal Gear in Sons of Liberty, the Patriots have continued in their plans to influence the course of human history, installing artificial intelligence systems around the world. Ocelot, opposed to this, has assembled armies with which to fight back and intends to hijack their entire operating system for his own ends. Solid Snake's objective later changes to destroying the AIs of the Patriots and stop their oppression. After he and his allies succeed, Snake decides to live out his life peacefully.

title: Metal Gear

text: The overarching theme of the Metal Gear Solid series is that of the "gene, meme, scene, sense, peace,[61] revenge[62] and race,[63]" and how people are affected by these factors according to the game's producer Kojima — Metal Gear Solid deals with genetics and the moral implications of genetic engineering, Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty deals with how identity can be affected by the philosophies of one's society (a "meme") and the effects of censorship on society, Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater deals with how the time and place one lives in (a "scene") affects their identity, how politics change along with the times and hyperreality, the inability to distinguish fact and fiction in an information saturated world.[64] Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots deals with the "sense" a person dies with and how some things cannot be passed down to future generations and be misinterpreted as well as the artificially controlled (and globally shared) sense-data of the new era's nanotech-enhanced soldiers.[65] With Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker the plot deals with the true nature of 'peace', and the concept of conflict in human societies. Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain deals with the themes "race" and "revenge" and how the latter can make one lose his humanity. Following the initial Metal Gear, each game has been a deconstruction of action movies and video games, using tropes to invoke the themes and ideas especially those of spy movies - it examines what kind of mind and complete control of a situation would be needed to pull off the absurdly complex and convoluted plans that rely on events completely within the realm of chance yet comes off without a hitch. Furthermore, it examines what happens to a child soldier forced to take up a normal life through the characters Eli also known as Liquid Snake in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain and Raiden was also known as Jack in Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots.[66] Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance also deals with "revenge". Raiden is defeated in the beginning and feels a deep sense of vengeance, and as such exacts his 'revenge' on the group who sabotaged him, as well as coming to terms with his own past and embracing his true nature. The games carry many implicit parallels to Nietzschean philosophy.[67] Solid Snake serves as a deconstruction of the action hero archetype, as his wartime experiences have turned him into a bitter, broken-down soldier who wishes to retire, but cannot escape the life of conflict that had entwined him for so long. This concept is further explored through Raiden, who is put through the same torments as Snake in explicit detail. Big Boss is similarly not immune to this theme: as Naked Snake, he does not resemble a suave, impeccable secret agent that would otherwise into the 1960s spy film pastiche of Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, but is instead an everyman character. Only after undergoing immense psychological and physical scarring does he begin to resemble the ultimate soldier known as Big Boss.[68]

text:
"Metal Gear Solid 4" received universal acclaim, according to review aggregator website Metacritic. The first review was a 10/10 from "PlayStation Official Magazine" (UK), commenting ""MGS4" shifts gears constantly, innovating again and again". The game has been awarded 10/10 from "Game Informer" and a 5/5 in all categories (graphics, control, sound, and fun factor) from "GamePro". Japanese magazine "Famitsu" (40/40) and "Empire". The game received a 9.9/10 from IGN, a 9.5/10 from IGN Australia, and a 10/10 from IGN. IGN was quoted in a video review, saying "MGS4" is "one of the best games ever made". "Edge" and "Eurogamer" both gave the game 8/10. GameSpot gave it a 10/10 saying ""Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots" is the most technically stunning video game ever made", making "MGS4" one of only five games ever to receive a perfect "10" from both IGN and GameSpot, and the sixth of only nine games to receive a perfect ten from GameSpot overall.
IGN also included the game at #59 in its list of Top 100 Games of a Generation.

text: The official soundtrack was released on May 28, 2008, by Konami Digital Entertainment under the catalog number GFCA-98/9. It consists of two discs of music and 47 tracks. A soundtrack album was also packaged with "Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots Limited Edition".

text: In North America, a bundle containing an 80GB PlayStation 3, a DualShock 3 wireless controller, a downloadable game coupon for "Pain", and a copy of "Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots" was released for US$499 on June 12, 2008, to coincide with the release of the standalone edition. Japan saw the release of the "Guns of the Patriots Welcome Box" that contains the game itself, a DualShock 3 controller, a Sixaxis controller, and a 40GB PlayStation 3 in either black, white or silver.

title: Discography of the Metal Gear series

text: Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Original Soundtrack is the official soundtrack for "", released for Sony's PlayStation Portable. The soundtrack contains 44 tracks composed by: Akihiro Honda, Kazuma Jinnouchi, Nobuko Toda, Takahiro Izutani, Norihiko Hibino & Yoshitaka Suzuki. The soundtrack was released on December 20, 2006.Metal Gear 20th Anniversary: Metal Gear Music Collection is a compilation album released for the video game series "Metal Gear" on July 18, 2007. The album contains songs from various games in the series, as well as a new song titled "Metal Gear 20 Years History — Past, Present, Future —", a medley spanning the whole series. The album was produced by Norihiko Hibino, who also composed three of the album's songs and co-arranged two tracks.Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the , composed primarily by Nobuko Toda, Shuichi Kobori, Kazuma Jinnouchi, and Harry Gregson-Williams. The official soundtrack was released on May 28, 2008 by Konami Digital Entertainment under the catalog number GFCA-98/9. A soundtrack album was also packaged with "Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots" Limited Edition, but featured fewer songs.

title: Metal Gear

text: A novel adaptation of the original Metal Gear was published in 1988 as a part of Scholastic's Worlds of Power line of novelizations, which were based on third-party NES games.[91] It was written by Alexander Frost. The novelization is not based on the game's official storyline, but rather on Konami of America's localization of the plot. The book takes further liberties by giving Solid Snake the name of Justin Halley, and by changing the name of Snake's unit from FOXHOUND to the "Snake Men". In Japan, a Metal Gear gamebook was published on March 31, 1988, shortly after the release of the game on the Famicom. It is set two years after the events of the original Metal Gear and is part of the Konami Gamebook Series.[92] A novelization of Metal Gear Solid was published in 2008. It was written by Raymond Benson, the author of nine James Bond novels.[93] Benson also wrote a Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty novelization, which was published in 2009.[94] Critical reaction to Benson's novelizations has been generally positive, with Bookgasm.com writing that "Benson does a fine job translating the game to the page" with Metal Gear Solid,[95] and MishMashMagazine.com calling Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty "a great companion to the game".[96] A Japanese-language novelization of Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots by Project Itoh was published on June 12, 2008.[97] The novel was translated into English by Viz Media and was released on June 19, 2012.[98]

title: Hideo Kojima

text: Although he announced that Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots would be the last Metal Gear game he would be directly involved in,[41] he announced at E3 2009 that he would return to help on two Metal Gear games: Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, as a producer and Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker as writer, director, and producer.[42] When interviewed at Gamescom 2009, Kojima stated that he got more involved with Peace Walker because "there was a lot of confusion within the team and it didn't proceed as I wanted it to. Therefore I thought that I needed to jump in and do Peace Walker".[43]

title: Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance

text: After "Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots" was released, Hideo Kojima started coming up with ideas for another game, "Metal Gear Solid 5". The game was meant to feature The Boss and her comrades, the Cobra Unit, as main characters. However, the lack of experience from the younger staff in charge and the lack of involvement from Kojima resulted in this project being scrapped. Afterwards, a member suggested turning it into a sidestory focused on Raiden since said character was featured in "Guns of the Patriots" and the staff agreed to develop "Metal Gear Solid: Rising". It was originally conceived to chronicle the series of events that resulted in the transformation of Raiden into his cyborg ninja persona in "Metal Gear Solid 4". "Rising" would have taken place during a point in the series' chronology at which Raiden had already begun his transformation into cyborg form, albeit with a different and somewhat more crude appearance from the one seen in "Metal Gear Solid 4".

text: "Guns of the Patriots" is set in 2014, nine years after the events of the original "Metal Gear Solid" and five years after "Sons of Liberty". The world's economy relies on continuous civil wars fought by PMCs, which outnumber government military forces. Soldiers are equipped with nanomachines that monitor and enhance their performance on the battlefield, controlled by a vast network known as the Sons of the Patriots (SOP) system. Liquid Ocelot, missing since the events of "Sons of Liberty", re-emerges from hiding to launch an insurrection against the Patriots.

text: The game was publicly announced first at E3 2005, by means of a humorous and slightly abstract gag machinima using characters from "Metal Gear Solid 3", under the slogan of "No Place to Hide". The title was described as "essentially finished" by January 2008 and went through extensive beta testing. At Destination PlayStation on February 26, 2008, Sony announced that "MGS4" would be released worldwide on June 12, 2008, along with the special "MGS4" PlayStation 3 bundle. It was announced that "Guns of the Patriots" is the first PlayStation 3 game that uses a 50GB dual layer Blu-ray Disc even with the use of file compression.

title: Metal Gear

text: At E3 2010, a demo, "Metal Gear Solid 3D: Snake Eater – The Naked Sample", was shown on the Nintendo 3DS. The official E3 Kojima site later released screenshots and official art for the demo.[39] Kojima did state, however, that this was not a preview for a full game but just a sample of what could be done on the 3DS hardware.[40] Another mobile port of a previously released game was shown at Sony's PlayStation Meeting on January 27, 2011, where Hideo Kojima demonstrated a possible portable version of Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots for the upcoming PlayStation Vita.[41]

text: "Metal Gear Solid Touch" for the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad is a "touch shooting" game that revisits "MGS4"s plot and action through the touch interface. Developers of the game "LittleBigPlanet", Media Molecule, released an expansion pack based on "Metal Gear Solid 4" on December 23, 2008. It includes character skins for Old Snake, Raiden, Meryl, and Screaming Mantis, as well as a "Metal Gear"-themed set of levels.

text: "Metal Gear Solid 4" includes the Starter Pack for "Metal Gear Online" ("MGO"). "MGO" features up to 16 player online tactical battles and incorporates several gameplay elements from "Metal Gear Solid 4", including the SOP system that allows players to have a visual confirmation of their teammates' position and battle status. "MGO" also allows fully customizable characters. The Starter Pack allows players to engage in sneaking missions, where Old Snake and Metal Gear Mk.II acquire dog tags from other human contestants, along with standard Deathmatch, Team Deathmatch, and several special modes. Expansions packs, offering more maps and playable special characters (Mei Ling, Meryl, Akiba, Liquid Ocelot, Raiden, and Vamp), can be purchased via the "MGO" menu item "MGO Shop (PlayStation Network)", or via MGO or Konami's shop. The PlayStation Wallet is used for the first option and a credit card for the latter two. "Metal Gear Online" was completely shut down on June 13, 2012.

title: Metal Gear

text: Metal Gear fictional chronology 1964 – Snake Eater 1970 – Portable Ops 1974 – Peace Walker 1975 – Ground Zeroes 1984 – The Phantom Pain 1995 – Metal Gear 1999 – Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake 2005 – Metal Gear Solid (The Twin Snakes) 2007/09 – Sons of Liberty 2014 – Guns of the Patriots 2018 – Metal Gear Rising: Revengeancevt

text: Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots is an action-adventure stealth video game developed by Kojima Productions and published by Konami exclusively for the PlayStation 3 console. It is the sixth "Metal Gear" game directed by Hideo Kojima and was released worldwide on June 12, 2008.

text: On June 19, 2008, Konami released the "Metal Gear Solid 4 Database" onto the PlayStation Store in North America and Japan, and one week later on the European store. The Database is a downloadable application for PlayStation 3 that catalogs every piece of "Metal Gear" lore from all the canonical entries in the series released up to "Metal Gear Solid 4" in the form of an encyclopedia (browsable by alphabet and category), a timeline, and character relationship diagrams. Highlighted words in each article link to related articles, and it keeps track of which ones the user has already read. The Database automatically locks any items related to "MGS4", in order to prevent the leaking of spoilers to players who have not completed the game yet. In order to reveal these articles, the user must have a completed "MGS4" game save that was created on the same console and with a version of the game from the same region as their account.

title: Metal Gear

text: The Metal Gear franchise has achieved great success, selling over 53.8 million copies as of March 2018.[8] Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty sold over 7 million copies worldwide,[209] and is followed in sales by Metal Gear Solid, Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, and Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain, all with 6 million.[210][211][212][213] According to Chart-Track, Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots was the second fastest-selling PlayStation 3 game in the United Kingdom after Grand Theft Auto IV.[214] The PlayStation Portable games were met with notably lower sales, but it has been analyzed that this was because of the low sales of the console when the games were released.[215] Metal Gear Survive, the first Metal Gear game to be developed since series creator Hideo Kojima left Konami, sold only a fraction of the sales made by Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain.[216]

title: Assassin's Creed

text: In Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, the outfit of Altaïr is available as an unlockable, though, originally, it was only an April Fools joke by Hideo Kojima. Kojima later repaid the favor, by letting Ubisoft borrow the outfit of the Metal Gear Solid character Raiden as an unlockable in Assassin's Creed Brotherhood.[171] In Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, the player can jump into a bale of hay from a rooftop (which also includes the "Eagle" sound effect used in the Assassins' Creed games) and use it to attract and subdue enemies. The Assassin order is also referenced by a character.[172]

text: The game was also described as being very sad and depressing for a video game, with the main character dealing with death, depression, and self-carelessness. Kotaku said, ""Metal Gear Solid 4" is so unusual in that it's the rare game that asks them to be interested in something else: a march toward defeat, an interactive tragedy."

text: In "MGS4", players assume the role of an aged Solid Snake (also referred to as Old Snake), using stealth, close quarters combat, and traditional "Metal Gear" combat. The overhead third-person camera of earlier games has been replaced by a streamlined view and over-the-shoulder camera for aiming a weapon, with an optional first-person view at the toggle of a button.

title: Raiden (Metal Gear)

text: When "" was known as "Metal Gear Solid: Rising", former producer Shigenobu Matsuyama hinted that Raiden's past as a child soldier would be elaborated and his weaknesses as a human would be explored. Matsuyama wanted Raiden to have as strong a role in the game as in "Metal Gear Solid 2", leading him to become the game's main character. Director Mineshi Kimura noted that he wanted Raiden to be able to move like he did in the "Metal Gear Solid 4" trailers, wanting to show "the stealth of the sword, and the strength of not even losing to the gun, and the fear and power you have with this blade." Matsuyama stated that they would focus on Raiden's strong will and physical strength, so he would be enjoyable to control. Raiden's design was changed during the game's development, leading to different promotional images of him. Following the game's reboot into a spin-off, Developers stated that while Raiden "has grown up" in comparison to previous "Metal Gear" games, he is still conflicted with his life as a child soldier in a past civil war, leading him to be a "dark hero". Shinkawa designed Raiden's new body as a way to emphasize him being a dark hero contrasting his "Metal Gear Solid 4" persona and later discussed with Platinum Games' Kenji Saito about including his quasi-human look. Raiden losing an eye also serves to represent his transformation across the story. In response to complaints regarding how "Rising" appeared to contradict Raiden's ending in "Guns of the Patriots", the Kojima Productions staff explained the game would explain what happened with Raiden's life.

title: Metal Gear

text: Following Metal Gear 2's completion, Kojima worked on other projects before directing his third Metal Gear game, Metal Gear Solid, for the PlayStation. It began development in 1994 and debuted at the 1996 Tokyo Game Show,[13] before being released in 1998.[14][15] The success of Metal Gear Solid resulted in a series of sequels, prequels, spin-offs, ports, and remakes for Microsoft Windows, the Game Boy Color, PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation Vita, Xbox 360, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. Metal Gear Solid was followed up by the sequel Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty released in November 2001 for the PlayStation 2. A remake of the original Metal Gear Solid called Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes was made for the Nintendo GameCube in early 2004.[16] Later that year, the third numbered entry, Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, was released on the PlayStation 2. This is the first prequel which was set prior to all the previously released Metal Gear games and which acted as an origin to the franchise.[17][18] These games were followed by a sequel to Snake Eater, Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops, which was released on the PlayStation Portable in 2006.[19][20] The series' main storyline was concluded in Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots for the PlayStation 3 in 2008.[21][22] The game featured a multiplayer spin-off called Metal Gear Online.[23] In April 2010, another sequel to Snake Eater, Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, was released for the PlayStation Portable and was set shortly after the events of Portable Ops.[24][25] The spinoff game, Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, was released in 2013 on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, and in Jan 2014 on Steam(PC). The game is set after Guns of the Patriots and stars Raiden, the protagonist of Sons of Liberty who turned into a cyborg ninja.[26] Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes was released on March 18, 2014 for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PC, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. Ground Zeroes was much shorter than previous games and served as an introduction to the next game, Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain. The latest game in the series is The Phantom Pain, which was released on September 1, 2015 for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PC, Xbox 360, and Xbox One.

title: Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance

text: The events of "Metal Gear Rising" are set in the year 2018, four years after the events of "Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots". The Patriots, a powerful shadow organization running the world's war economy, have been destroyed and Private Military Companies (PMC) have splintered into numerous factions. With the elimination of the Patriot-controlled nanomachine technology used to regulate soldiers' abilities, PMCs turn to advanced cyborg technology, creating durable superhuman soldiers. The player controls Raiden, a former child soldier turned into a cyborg that now works for the PMC Maverick Security Consulting, Inc. Raiden is supported by his Maverick colleagues, Russian pointman Boris Popov, military advisor Kevin Washington, computer specialist Courtney Collins, and cybernetics expert Wilhelm "Doktor" Voight. Returning from "Metal Gear Solid 4" is Sunny Emmerich, a child prodigy and friend of Raiden working at Solis Space & Aeronautics.

title: Hideo Kojima

text: Policenauts ()– AP Officer No. 2 Metal Gear Solid ()– Himself (voice only cameo in the Japanese version) Murder on the Eurasia Express ()– cameo (extra) Metal Gear Solid: Integral ()– Genola Versus (2000)– cameo (extra) Azumi (2003)– cameo (extra) Internet Pilot Drama Idea Spy 2.5 Daisakusen ()– Idea Spy 2.5 Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots ()– Voice of God (Himself – Cameo appearance) Castlevania: Lords of Shadow ()– The Chupacabra (Japanese voice) Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker ()– Himself (cameo appearance) Sdatcher (2011)– Little John Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes ()– Himself (cameo appearance) Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain ()– Himself (cameo appearance) Eleven Little Roosters ()- Himself (cameo appearance) Ultraman Orb: I'm Borrowing the Power of Your Bonds! ()- cameo (extra)[94]

text: The score to "Metal Gear Solid 4" was led by Harry Gregson-Williams, his third "Metal Gear Solid" soundtrack, and Nobuko Toda, who provided music for "Metal Gear Acid" and "Metal Gear Acid 2". Other contributors are Konami employees Shuichi Kobori, Kazuma Jinnouchi, Akihiro Honda, and Sota Fujimori. Directed by Norihiko Hibino, GEM Impact employees Yoshitaka Suzuki and Takahiro Izutani also made compositions late in the game's production. It was revealed in an interview with Norihiko Hibino that the team, in fact, wrote 90 minutes of music for the game's cutscenes, only 15 minutes of which made its way onto the official soundtrack.

text: "Metal Gear Solid 4" started development due to fan demand. Series creator Hideo Kojima had previously directed the prequel "" which was meant to end the series. However, people's demand to have a sequel to "" and clear the mysteries Kojima wanted to leave to the players' interpretations resulted in the making of "Metal Gear Solid 4". Kojima announced that he would be retiring as director of the "Metal Gear" series after "", and would leave his position open to another person for "Metal Gear Solid 4". As a joke, the new director was announced as "Alan Smithee", but in "R", a 400-page book bundled with "Metal Gear Solid 3"s Japanese "Premium Package", the director was revealed to be Shuyo Murata, co-writer of "MGS3" and director of "". He also contributed easter eggs to "Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty" and "Metal Gear: Ghost Babel". However, it was announced that Kojima would be co-directing the game with Murata after substantial negative fan reaction, including death threats.

title: List of Metal Gear characters

text: The second version is in "Metal Gear Solid" when Liquid Snake's FOXHOUND takes over Shadow Moses Island with Liquid's hopes of threatening the rest of the world with Metal Gear REX but was foiled by Solid Snake. The third version is seen in "Metal Gear Solid 2" as Solidus Snake's plan to destroy the Patriots by detonating a nuclear warhead on New York which would trigger an electromagnetic pulse so Solidus can permanently destroy the Patriots' AI systems.

text: A Limited Edition was released simultaneously with the game's standard edition, as an enhanced counterpart. The limited edition contains "Guns of the Patriots", a box with artwork by Yoji Shinkawa, a Blu-ray Disc containing two "making of" documentaries, and partial game soundtrack containing only songs written by Harry Gregson-Williams. The Limited Edition was available exclusively at GameStop in the United States and EB Games in Canada, while a similar bundle with an additional 6-inch 'Olive Drab' Old Snake Figurine was made available at Play.com in the United Kingdom. It is also included in the 40GB Limited Edition PlayStation 3 "Metal Gear Solid 4" bundle.

title: List of Metal Gear characters

text: is a character based on the character of the same name from "Policenauts" that was redesigned and reintroduced. She is introduced in "Metal Gear Solid" as Solid Snake's sidekick/love interest and Roy Campbell's legal niece/biological daughter. Meryl returns in "Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots" as Rat Patrol Team One's commander. Meryl Silverburgh is voiced by Kyoko Terase in the Japanese version and by Debi Mae West in the English translation.


query: How do you get into MENSA?

title: Mensa International

text: Roland Berrill, an Australian barrister, and Dr. Lancelot Ware, a British scientist and lawyer, founded Mensa at Lincoln College, in Oxford, England, in 1946. They had the idea of forming a society for very intelligent people, the only qualification for membership being a high IQ.[6] It was ostensibly to be non-political and free from all other social distinctions (racial, religious, etc.).[10]

title: Alexander Mackendrick

text: Once a student persistently asked him, "How do you get an actor to do what you want?" After persuasion he replied, "You don't. You get an actor to want what you need. What the director must do is, provide the actor with the encouragement to be what the director needs him to be. There is a reason why you are doing this. It is simple, almost too simple.

title: How Do You Get That Lonely

text: "How Do You Get That Lonely" is a song written by Rory Feek and Jamie Teachenor, and recorded by American country music artist Blaine Larsen. It was released November 1st, 2004, reaching number 18 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It also peaked at #91 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it Larsen's only Hot 100 entry.

title: The Tested

text: "It made me think about what causes someone to act so violently, or how terrifying it’d be to attend one of New York’s toughest high schools. How do you learn? How do you progress? When I went to high school my biggest concern was having to get through Beowulf… these kids have to worry about getting stabbed!" he says.

title: First Death in Nova Scotia

text: Bishop was born in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1911, and, following the death of her father and the institutionalization of her mother, was passed from one relative to another. Her earliest years were spent on the coast of Nova Scotia. At Vassar, she decided to make poetry her life's work after meeting Marianne Moore. Bishop once said:Have you ever noticed how you can learn more about other people-more about how they feel, how it would feel to be them-by hearing them cough or make one of those inner noises, than by watching them for hours? Sometimes if another person hiccups, particularly if you haven't been paying much attention to him, why do you get a sudden sensation as if you were inside him-you know how he feels in the little aspects he never mentions, aspects which are, really, indescribable to another person and must be realized by that kind of intuition. Do you know what I am driving at? Well ... that's what I quite often want to get into poetry.

title: How Do You Get That Lonely

text: "How Do You Get That Lonely" had originally appeared in Larsen's album "In My High School" on Giantslayer Records. The song was the second single from the album "In My High School" after Giantslayer Records had released the title song "In My High School" as Larsen's debut single. After Larsen joined BNA Records, the label released the song and re-released "In My High School", with one track added, as "Off to Join the World".

title: How to Start a Business in Taiwan

text: Author Elias Ek says the book is not about how to start a successful business but how to successfully start a business in Taiwan. This book covers Taiwan-specific issues like:Ek says his ambition in writing the book is "that when you hire an accountant to do the paperwork, you know the questions to ask. You would be able to point to a Chinese term and say: ’Is that what you are talking about?’ So you can get on the same page easier. My second ambition is that you could also do the whole process on your own."

title: Dual control theory

text: To use an analogy: if you are driving a new car you want to get to your destination cheaply and smoothly, but you also want to see how well the car accelerates, brakes and steers so as to get a better feel for how to drive it, so you will do some test manoeuvers for this purpose. Similarly a dual controller will inject a so-called probing (or exploration) signal into the system that may detract from short-term performance but will improve control in the future.

title: Abi Finley

text: On her time in "How Do You Solve A Problem Like Maria?" Finley has said, "It was like a holiday camp and school trip rolled into one. We would sit around the lounge in the evenings watching reality TV and saying how much we hated it. We forgot we were doing it!" And on getting the leading role breaks after "How Do You Solve A Problem Like Maria?", "I know it is a cliché, but honestly and truly I am living the dream, doing something I always wanted to do. I have to pinch myself sometimes. I am so lucky to be doing what I love doing on a daily basis – you can't ask for any more."

title: Awards received by Edward Snowden

text: In 2014, Snowden was nominated for the IQ Award by members of the non-profit organization Mensa Germany. Although the official IQ Award commission confirmed his nomination, the managing board of Mensa threatened the commission to subdue Snowden's nomination, and in doing so, they violated the Mensa bylaws. The German Mensa board did this also in reaction to talks with Mensa International. Consequently, it was not possible for Mensa members to vote for Snowden. This caused big controversies among the Mensa members, leading to the effect that opposing Mensa members agreed to all vote in protest for actor Jonny Lee Miller as the most nonsensical nominee, who thus won the election.

title: Roller skating

text: Solo Dance; solo dance a competition starts at tiny tot and goes up to golden, for a test it starts with bronze and goes up to gold. You do not have to take tests anymore to skate in harder categories, you must have a couple of tests once you get to a certain event, though. In competition, these dances are set patterns and the judges give you marks for good edges, how neat they look and how well they do turns, etc.

title: Nobody Likes Onions

text: Matt is a very popular fan because he is completely blind. His dad drove him over to be on episode 424: Blind Ambition. On the show Patrick is constantly worried that Matt might injure himself or something. After everyone gets comfortable, Patrick asked questions everyone would want to know from a blind man such as, "How do you masturbate? How do you use a computer? How do you find the bowl when you pee?".

title: How Do You Get That Lonely

text: "How Do You Get That Lonely," was written by Rory Lee Feek and Jamie Teachenor as a tribute of and dedication to the memory of Lance Emmitt, of Mount Pleasant, Tennessee, the son of Mack Emmitt and Gloria Renee Thomason Mash. Lance Emmitt had committed suicide on Nov. 11, 2003. He was just 19. The song opens with reference to a small news item about the suicide of a young man.

title: St. Peter Catholic Church (Manhattan)

text: You do what God has called you to do. You get on that rig, you go out and do the job. No matter how big the call, no matter how small, you have no idea of what God is calling you to do, but God needs you. He needs me. He needs all of us. God needs us to keep supporting each other, to be kind to each other, to love each other... We love this job, we all do. What a blessing it is! It is a difficult, difficult job, but God calls you to do it, and indeed, He gives you a love for it so that a difficult job will be well done. Isn't God wonderful?! Isn't He good to you, to each one of you, and to me? Turn to God each day--put your faith, your trust, your hope and your life in His hands. He'll take care of you, and you'll have a good life. And this firehouse will be a great blessing to his neighborhood and to this city. Amen.

title: Mensa International

text: However, Berrill and Ware were both disappointed with the resulting society. Berrill had intended Mensa as "an aristocracy of the intellect", and was unhappy that a majority of Mensans came from humble homes,[11] while Ware said: "I do get disappointed that so many members spend so much time solving puzzles."[12]

title: Opposition to the Iraq War

text: I think [The Bush Administration] has stated that Iraq has weapons of mass destruction, and that's as simple as they want to keep it. They don't want to get into the nitty-gritty things such as if you bury a Scud missile to hide it from detection, there is a little thing called corrosion. Where do you hide the fuel, how do you make this stuff up, how do you align it. Because when you disassemble it, there is a process called re-alignment. There is a factory involved in that. And then you have to test launch it to make sure that the alignment works, and that's detectable, and they haven't done that. There is a lot of common sense things that go into consideration of whether or not Iraq has a operational weapons of mass destruction capability.

title: My Japan

text: ""How we suffer when you do not have a full tank of gasoline. How devastated we are at the sight of you jammed into pleasure trains. How we tremble when you have to wait to get into the movies, restaurants and nightclubs...You are a nation of bargain-hunters"" ("My Japan").

title: Real Lives

text: The game is structured in rounds which represent a year. So all decisions that you take will be valid for at least one year. You can make decisions about education, profession, leisure, relationships, if you want to live with your parents and how you spend your money when moved out. There are also certain sudden events which need an instant decision. A few examples of such events: "A person seems to be hurt do you want to help?", "You are pregnant. What do you do?" or "Do you want to get a pet?".

title: Simon T. Bailey

text:
"Release Your Brilliance" focuses on the 4 C's: Clarity: understanding your reason and purpose; Cut: understanding how to frame past experiences; Color: how do I think about what I want to do and how to I get there; Carat: the size of your dream
Mark Victor Hansen has been quoted as saying, "Whether you see, hear, or read him, you will enjoy Simon's message, and will inspire you to be, do and have all that you desire. Simon is an original voice that stimulates you to know that you are brilliant and have unlimited potential."

title: Thomas Lund (dancer)

text:
In 2007 Lund collaborated with ballet- and art-historian Ole Nørlyng on the book "Danseglæde og springkraft - 16 spor til dansen", using Lund's own story as a basis for a wide-ranging look at the world of ballet.
From the book:
'You don't know how you look on stage, but if what you're doing reads clearly it means you have to try to be quite honest, because otherwise it shows. You have to be very aware of how you work with yourself - it all comes from what you feel at that moment. When I do James, for instance, I actually say the lines to myself as I'm doing the mime. Not always, but... you have to have the overall feeling at that moment, in that scene; and then one scene leads into the next, and sometimes, if for instance in La Sylphide or Napoli something doesn't go how I want during the first act, then when I'm up in my dressing room in the intermission I try to work out what I felt, and what do I need to do now, to get it in a way so it still works. That way you don't always do it the same way - what I'm doing on Friday might be a little different from last night because suddenly things fall out a little differently in the first act. So I need the intermission to reflect. And this is what I think is so wonderful about the Royal Danish Ballet, that we work so strongly with the tradition of acting, and that is probably why I'm still here, that I get from our repertory the opportunity of going back to these parts and developing. ("Translation by Jane Simpson")

title: Solution-focused brief therapy

text:
Coping questions are designed to elicit information about client resources that will have gone unnoticed by them. Even the most hopeless story has within it examples of coping that can be drawn out:
""I can see how things have been really difficult for you, yet I am struck by the fact you get up each morning and do everything necessary to get the kids off to school. How do you do that?""
Genuine curiosity and admiration can help to highlight strengths without appearing to contradict the client's perception of the problem. An initial summary ""I can see how things have been really difficult for you"" is for them true and validates their story. The second part ""you manage to get up each morning etc."", is also a truism, but one that counters the problem-focused narrative. Undeniably, they cope and coping questions start to gently and supportively challenge the problem-focused narrative.

title: Let Me Hold You

text: Bow Wow had publicly announced his interpretation of the song's meaning as he stated in an interview with MTV: "Basically the song is me talking to a girl and telling her, 'These are the things I can do for you. Let me hold you down. This is what I want to do for you as a man. These are the things I'm capable of doing for you if you get with me. Just hear me out.' I'm just really talking to the ladies. The song is really special to me, and I love that song." The collaboration began when Bow Wow was talking with producer Jermaine Dupri about the song and how he suggested on getting Omarion to appear on the track.

title: Cadbury Creme Egg

text:
The Creme Egg has been marketed in the UK and Ireland with the question ""How do you eat yours?"" and in New Zealand with the slogan ""Don't get caught with egg on your face"". Australia and New Zealand have also used a variation of the UK question, using the slogan ""How do you do it?""
Over the years, there have been several major Cadbury's Creme Egg campaigns.

title: Dan Gerson

text: We write a version of the script...and then we blow it to bits, we get in there with the Pixar brain trust, and they just smash it apart, and then you rebuild it and you do that like six, seven times. That's why we were on the movie for three and a half years. People can't understand how it could take that long to write. It's just that you're doing different iterations of the movie and it's getting better every time...we both worked on the first one and having those voices in our head, knowing that we want to stay true to those voices even though we're going ten years in the past...so that when you watch "Monsters, Inc", there's consistency...The main thing is just to write, and we meet a lot of young writers who say, "I want to get into the business, how do I get into the business?" And a lot of them have trouble completing their first screenplay...you only get better by writing and rewriting and rewriting.

title: Milton H. Erickson

text:
INTERVIEWER: You don't feel that exploring the past is particularly relevant? I'm always trying to get clear in my mind how much of the past I need to consider when doing brief therapy.
ERICKSON: You know, I had one patient this last July who had four or five years of psychoanalysis and got nowhere with it. And someone who knows her said, "How much attention did you give to the past?" I said, "You know, I completely forgot about that." That patient is, I think, a reasonably cured person. It was a severe washing compulsion, as much as twenty hours a day. I didn't go in to the cause or the etiology; the only searching question I asked was "When you get in the shower to scrub yourself for hours, tell me, do you start at the top of your head, or the soles of your feet, or in the middle? Do you wash from the neck down, or do you start with your feet and wash up? Or do you start with your head and wash down?"
INTERVIEWER: Why did you ask that?
ERICKSON: So that she knew I was really interested.
INTERVIEWER: So that you could join her in this?
ERICKSON: No, so that she knew I was "really interested".

title: Solomon Asch

text: As a result of World War II in the 1940s, Asch and other social psychologists were interested in propaganda. They wondered: How do you get people to believe what you want them to believe? How do you get people to believe they should sacrifice for the war effort?

title: How Do You Get Your Kicks

text: "How Do You Get Your Kicks" is a song by Australian pop-rock group Uncanny X-Men. The song was released in April 1983 as the group's debut single. It peaked at number 51 on the Kent Music Report.

title: Dead baby jokes

text:
How do you get 100 dead babies into a box?
"With a blender!"
How do you get them out?
"With a bag of chips."

title: Robert Siciliano

text: What if you’re faced with an intruder, how will you protect yourself? How do you protect yourself when traveling? Get smart and "Safr" about personal security.

title: Late Nights & Early Mornings

text: Ambrosius said that the overall vibe of the album is "sensual, it’s sincere, it’s seductive" and also explained, “Not too many women get the opportunity to say what they want, and having controlled and written pretty much everything I get to do all of that on one album. J Records, they understood me as an artist and said, ‘What do you want? How do you want to sound? What do you feel like your album should be’ and they allowed me to go in the studio.” Ambrosius describes the song, "Hope She Cheats on You (With a Basketball Player)" as "the reality of a bad break up."

title: Corey Jackson

text: Prior to his official retirement from the NFL in 2008, Corey formed his own company, Corey Jackson Speaks, where he combines his speech communications degree and his experiences as a professional athlete. Corey has become the number one speaker on the subject matter of how to live a high performance lifestyle. Corey teaches individuals, companies and organizations that a lifestyle is not defined by possessions, wealth or the material things that people celebrate, but it is a way of life. Your lifestyle is composed of why you do what you do, how you do it, and how often you get it done. Corey motivates you to see that you, and only you, get to decide the type of life you will have. Corey provides free daily inspirational messages on social media sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube and Twitter.


query: When was Brewers Retail Inc founded?

title: The Beer Store

text: Brewers Retail Inc., doing business as The Beer Store, is a Canadian privately owned chain of retail outlets selling beer and other malt beverages in the province of Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1927, it was owned at its inception by a consortium of Ontario-based brewers. It currently operates as a unique open retail and wholesale system primarily owned by 3 large multinational brewing companies. It is also partially owned (under 0.02%[3]) by 30 Ontario-based brewers.[4] Under the ownership model, all qualified brewers are free to list their products without discrimination and to set their own selling prices,[5] subject to LCBO price approval that must comply with legislated minimum and uniform pricing requirements.[6]

title: Brewers Association

text: The Brewers Association (BA) is an American trade group of over 7,200 brewers, breweries in planning, suppliers, distributors, craft beer retailers, and Individuals particularly concerned with the promotion of craft beer and homebrewing.

title: Ontario Deposit Return Program

text: The regulation took effect on 5 February 2007, and applies to manufacturers, wineries, and government stores licensed to sell alcohol under the "Liquor Licence Act", but excludes the Brewers Retail Inc. packaging return system.

title: Jack Brewer (American football)

text: In 2011, Amb. Brewer turned his focus to his role as Founder and CEO of The Brewer Group, Inc. (TBG) (www.thebrewergroup.com), an industry agnostic holding company with assets ranging numerous sectors. Through TBG's multi-faceted subsidiaries, Brewer Capital Management, Brewer Sports International and Brewer + Associates Consulting, Amb. Brewer provides investment advisory and business development services to clients spanning the globe.

title: Molson Brewery

text: Molson Coors Canada is part-owner of The Beer Store in Ontario (Brewers Retail Inc.), operating as a beer distribution and retail chain, which (protected by legislation) has an over 85% market share of total Ontario industry beer sales. Molson Coors Canada owns 50% of Brewers Distribution Limited in Western Canada.

title: The Beer Store

text: In the 1980s, Brewers Retail published a directory of its retail locations in a booklet with a small map to each location. It had a picture of an animal, (a penguin, for example) on the covers. The booklet when closed was approximately 4 by 3 inches (10.2cm ×7.6cm). The 1972 version issued by Brewers Retail had cartography by Rand McNally.[48]

title: W. Robert Kohorst

text: He worked as President in this position until 1990, when he bought two companies and became CEO and principal of Tiger Shark Golf, Inc. and Masquerade International, Inc. and also began serving as President of RK Holdings, Inc. In 1991, Kohorst co-founded KH Financial, Inc., which later became Everest Properties, a company that purchases and operates apartment, self-storage, and retail properties. In 2002, Kohorst began working for Maxus Realty, Inc. and stayed with the company until 2015. From 2015 until 2017, Kohorst served as Director of Posey Company. Today Kohorst is the President, CEO, Chairman and Director of multiple businesses within the Everest Group.

title: Gap Inc.

text: Intermix, a multi-brand fashion retailer founded in 1993, was acquired by Gap Inc. in 2012.

title: Charlie Papazian

text: In 1978 U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed a law reopening the beer market to small craft brewers, also permitting homebrewing. In 1979 Papazian founded the Association of Brewers, and remained president of that organization until 2005, when the Association of Brewers merged with the 63-year-old Brewers Association of America, and Papazian was named president of the combined organization.

title: Cherokee Inc.

text: Flip Flop Shops was founded in 2004 and is a retail chain retailing popular brands and flip flops and casual footwear.

title: Labatt Brewing Company

text: In 1995, Labatt was acquired by the large Belgian multinational brewer Interbrew (now InBev), the world market leader. Labatt is part-owner of Brewers Retail Inc., operator of The Beer Store retail chain, which—protected by legislation—has over 90% market share of Ontario off-premises beer sales. In early 2007, Labatt also acquired Lakeport Brewing Company of Hamilton, Ontario.

title: 1924 Ontario prohibition referendum

text: In the subsequent 1926 election, in which the Conservatives ran on a platform of repealing the Ontario Temperance Act they maintained a majority and increased their popular vote by 7% to over 57% of the popular vote, results the party took as justification to repeal prohibition. In 1927 the government passed the "Act to Regulate and Control the Sale of Liquor in Ontario", which repealed the Ontario Temperance Act and created the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO), a crown corporation that brought about government control over liquor. Brewers Retail Inc., a privately owned association of brewers overseen by the government, was created to regulate the sale of beer.

title: Alex Brewer

text: In addition, he has commissioned work at Apple Inc, including a site-specific mural commissioned for new retail store barricade, along with artwork created for limited edition products, commissioned by Apple Inc, in Miami, Florida. He also has work at Facebook Inc, including a site-specific mural commissioned for Facebook Global Headquarters, in a building designed by Frank Gehry, commissioned by Facebook Inc, in Menlo Park, California. In addition to several works at companies including Aol, B2 Studios (Alton Brown's test kitchen and studio), Big Nerd Ranch, Hilton Hotels, King & Spalding, DLA Piper, Novartis, Tuner Broadcasting's Adult Swim, Cartoon Network, and PRPL Digital Creative Agency.

title: Keurig

text: The original single-serve brewer and coffee-pod manufacturing company, Keurig, Inc., was founded in Massachusetts in 1992. It launched its first brewers and K-Cup pods in 1998, targeting the office market. As the single-cup brewing system gained popularity, brewers for home use were added in 2004. In 2006 the publicly traded Vermont-based specialty-coffee company Green Mountain Coffee Roasters acquired Keurig, sparking rapid growth for both companies. In 2012 Keurig's main patent on its K-Cup pods expired, leading to new product launches, including brewer models that only accept pods from Keurig brands.

title: A Pub with No Beer

text: This song was very popular in Ontario, Canada, following a strike by brewery workers. Starting on Thursday, August 7, 1958, when 1,200 Brewers Warehousing Ltd. (Brewers Retail) employees walked off their jobs over pay, layoffs became industry wide as retail beer was no longer available. Originally aimed at Brewers Warehousing, the dispute quickly spread as contracts at various breweries across Ontario came up for renewal. Their actions stopped the flow of beer from various breweries for 48 days and sales of hard liquor increased 25 percent. Non-unionized Formosa Spring operated at full capacity until it ran out of beer August 29, 1958. Many people purchased beer smuggled in from US and Quebec with bootleggers collecting up to C$20.00 for a case of 24 pints (previously sold at C$4.25). This song could be heard daily on most radio stations during the beer strike.

title: URM Stores

text: URM Stores, Inc. (formerly United Retail Merchants) of Spokane, Washington is an American retailers' cooperative serving independent supermarkets in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. It was founded in 1921 and is a member of Retailer Owned Food Distributors & Associates. It is an owner of Western Family Foods. It purchased Rosauers Supermarket in 2000.

title: British Beer and Pub Association

text: The Association was founded in 1904 as the Brewers' Society, was for a period in the 1990s known as the Brewers and Licensed Retailers Association before becoming the British Beer & Pub Association in 2000 to reflect its growing pub company membership.

title: Bealls (Florida)

text: Bealls Inc. is a United States retail corporation of over 500 stores founded in 1915 in Bradenton, Florida. Bealls consists of three chains, Bealls Stores, Bealls Outlet Stores, and Bunulu. Bealls Inc. serves as the parent corporation. The group is not affiliated with Bealls Texas, although the two overlap in some markets. Where there is overlap, Bealls Outlet operates as Burkes Outlet. The CEO of Bealls Inc. is Steve Knopik. Bealls (FL) Stores, Inc. and Bealls Outlet Stores, Inc. are headed by Presidents Dan Love and Dave Alves, respectively. They are still owned by the founding family, all are headquartered in Bradenton.

title: Paccar

text: In 1987, PACCAR acquired Washington-based Al's Auto Supply, an aftermarket retailer and wholesale distributor of auto parts and accessories. In 1988, PACCAR expanded its subsidiary PACCAR Automotive, Inc. when it purchased Grand Auto, Inc., a California-based retailer of auto parts and accessories. In October 1999, PACCAR Automotive was sold to CSK Auto, Inc.

title: Rick Brewer

text: Brewer was the son of Richard C. Brewer and Emma Hanson. He was an assistant pastor in the Pentecostal Church. For most of his life, Brewer has been involved in business, largely in the grocery industry. He has been involved in the grocery industry for the past 33 years, beginning with the wholesale business at Willett Foods and The Food Group Inc. He then entered the retail market as the manager and supervisor of five convenience stores.

title: National Retail Systems

text: National Retail Systems, Inc. (NRS) includes Keystone Freight Corp. & National Retail Transportation, Inc. (NRT). NRS is an asset based 3PL founded in 1952. It is headquartered in North Bergen, New Jersey, United States.

title: The Beer Store

text: In the film Strange Brew the McKenzie Brothers visit a Brewers Retail store demanding a refund after they attempt to return a bottle of beer that contained a mouse (the mouse was however placed in the bottle by the brothers). Due to the nature of the scene, Brewers Retail refused to allow the use of one of their actual stores for the filming, and also refused to allow the use of the name "Brewers Retail". In response, the filmmakers built their own replica store, and called it "The Beer Store". Coincidentally, several years later, Brewers Retail changed the name of its stores to "The Beer Store", and they continue to operate under this name.

title: Milwaukee Brewers (American Association)

text: The American Association Milwaukee Brewers were founded in 1902, after the American League Brewers moved to St. Louis and became the St. Louis Browns. The Brewers were an independent club except for 1929-1933, when they were owned by Phil Ball as an affiliate of his St. Louis Browns, and from October 1946 through their final days, when Lou Perini owned the club and operated the Brewers as the AAA-affiliate of the Boston Braves.

title: Gamble-Skogmo

text: Woman's World Shops was a chain of retail stores specializing in clothing for large women. The chain was a subsidiary at the time Wickes Companies purchased Gamble-Skogmo. In 1986, Wickes sold the chain to Dutch retailer Amcena Corporation, which was controlled by the secretive Brenninkmeijer family. Amcena, a closely held retailing company, then owned several other retailing lines, including Millers Outpost, Maurices, Uptons and Howland Steinbach. In 1994, Amcena changed its name to American Retail Group Inc. Maurices was acquired by Dress Barn, Inc. and the corporate name was changed to Ascena, Inc.

title: Retail Solutions Inc.

text: In 2007, Wal-Mart ended its RFID mandate. In December 2007, T3Ci acquired VeriSign’s Retail Data Services business unit, forming Retail Solutions Inc., today’s company. Instead of analyzing RFID tags, Retail Solutions, Inc. (RSi) focused on “ demand signal repositories” and point-of-sale data from retailers. The company formed cooperative relationships with CVS, Walgreens and Delhaize USA.

title: List of Major League Baseball mascots

text: Bernie Brewer was a fixture at Brewers home games until 1984, when the Brewers re-built the bleachers, replacing the chalet with a sound tower and sending Bernie into retirement. By popular demand, Bernie Brewer came out of his retirement in 1993, when the fans voted for his return. Bernie was brought back not as just a mustachioed man in lederhosen, but a full-body costume of a man, including large foam head. The chalet was then rebuilt (it had been in storage on the third base side under the box seats) above the left-center field bleachers. The original beer mug that Bernie used to slide into is still in Milwaukee, Wisconsin as part of the Lakefront Brewery, Inc. tour.

title: Strange Brew

text: Originally, Moranis and Thomas were not going to direct or write the film but ended up doing both with the guidance of executive producer Jack Grossberg, who had produced films by Mel Brooks and Woody Allen. They were given a budget of $5 million. Before filming, all of the major breweries wanted the McKenzie brothers to appear in beer advertisements. The filmmakers had the promise of the Molson Brewery, but once the brewery found out that there was a joke in the film about putting a mouse in a beer bottle, they distanced themselves from the film. The filmmakers were also banned from filming in a Brewers Retail store, and from using the name "Brewers Retail". The exterior shots of the store (now a Tim Hortons/Pizza Pizza) were filmed in Scarborough, Ontario, at the corner of Eglinton and Midland Avenues. The KFC and Petro-Canada gas station seen in the background still exist. The filmmakers built a replica of a Brewers Retail store at a cost of more than $45,000, calling it "The Beer Store" (Brewers Retail later changed the name of its stores to "The Beer Store", and they continue to operate under that name). Filming also took place at the Old Fort Brewing Co. in Prince George, British Columbia. The emergency vehicles used during filming were all real Metropolitan Toronto Police squad cars. The ambulances used briefly were on loan from Metropolitan Toronto Ambulance.

title: Brewers' Distributor

text: There are a few key differences between BDL and Brewers Retail Inc. which operates under largely the same ownership in the neighboring province of Ontario. First, BDL does not retail beer to consumers, it is only in the warehousing and distribution business. Second, although BDL distributes the vast majority of beer sold in Western Canada, it has not been granted monopolistic privileges by any provincial government. Other domestic breweries are free to distribute their own beer if they wish – some non-shareholders (such as the Big Rock and Sleeman Breweries) have their own distribution chains although others voluntarily use BDL. Third, BDL has been permitted to distribute some brands of imported beer since 2001 except in Alberta where the Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission had already contracted out its entire distribution operation to a private company and continues to grant Connect Logistics Inc. the exclusive right to distribute imported beer to Alberta's privately owned establishments and stores. BRI stocks imported beer in its The Beer Store locations but this beer is purchased through the Liquor Control Board of Ontario.

title: Sapporo Breweries

text: Sleeman Breweries was purchased by Sapporo Brewery in 2006 for $400 million. Sleeman was restarted in 1988 in Guelph, Ontario, Canada by the great grandson of John H. Sleeman, the owner of the original Sleeman brewery founded in 1834. The first Sleeman brewery ceased operations by 1933, when their liquor license was revoked for bootlegging, specifically, smuggling beer into Detroit, Michigan. The company's current products are based on the family's original recipes, and recipes from Unibroue (which brewery Sleeman had previously purchased). Sleeman Breweries / Sapporo Canada currently consists of 3 Canadian Breweries, Sleeman in Guelph, Ontario, Okanagan Spring in Vernon, B.C, and Unibroue in Chambly, Quebec. Sleeman Breweries also owns 2% of The Beer Store (legal name: Brewers Retail Inc.)

title: Metro Retail Stores Group

text: Metro Retail Stores Group Inc. (stylized as METRO Retail Stores Group Inc., shortly known as Metro Retail or Metro) is a retail company based in Mandaue, Cebu, Philippines.


query: Who created The Walking Dead comic books?

title: The Walking Dead (comic book)

text: The Walking Dead [1]is a black-and-white comic book series created by writer Robert Kirkman with art by Tony Moore.[2][3] It focuses on Rick Grimes, a Kentucky deputy who is shot in the line of duty and awakens from a coma in a zombie apocalypse that has resulted in a state-wide quarantine. After joining with other ones, he gradually takes on the role of leader of a community as it struggles to survive the zombie apocalypse.

title: The Walking Dead: The Final Season

text: The final season will use the updated version of the Telltale Tool first introduced in "", along with improvements in the visual style to approach the style used in "The Walking Dead" comic. This included improved dynamic lightning, and a new rendering style Telltale called "Graphic Black" to enforce the comic book rendering style. Some scenes will feature "unscripted" zombies who may attack Clementine if the player is not careful, creating new freeform combat sequences, while other parts of the game will continue to use quick-time events as from previous games.

title: Robert Kirkman

text: In 2010, he also began producing the television adaption of his comic book series "The Walking Dead", the pilot of which was directed by Frank Darabont. Kirkman has written or co-written seven episodes of the series. Kirkman also created and serves as an executive producer on the show's companion series, "Fear the Walking Dead".

title: Fear the Walking Dead

text: Fear the Walking Dead is an American post-apocalyptic horror drama television series created by Robert Kirkman and Dave Erickson, that premiered on AMC on August 23, 2015. It is a companion series and prequel to "The Walking Dead", which is based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard.

title: The Governor (The Walking Dead)

text: The Governor (real name Philip Blake in the TV series, and Brian Blake in the comics and novels) is a fictional character and a primary antagonist from "The Walking Dead" comic book and television series. On television, he is portrayed by David Morrissey. Created by Robert Kirkman and artists Charlie Adlard and Cliff Rathburn, the character made his comics debut in "The Walking Dead" #27 on April 2006 and his television debut in season 3. In both series, The Governor is the ruthless, charismatic leader of the town of Woodbury, Georgia, who comes into conflict with protagonist Rick Grimes and is responsible for the deaths of several primary characters. The Governor's origins are explored in the novel "", written by Kirkman and Jay Bonansinga.

title: List of Fear the Walking Dead episodes

text:
"Fear the Walking Dead" is an American horror drama television series created by Robert Kirkman and Dave Erickson. It is a companion series to "The Walking Dead", which is based on the comic book series of the same name by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. It premiered on the cable network AMC on August 23, 2015.
A 16-part web series, "Fear the Walking Dead: Flight 462", premiered on October 4, 2015, on AMC.com; it also aired as promos during "The Walking Dead" season 6. The web series depicts the outbreak's effect on a commercial airplane flight. Two of its characters, Alex (originally called Charlie in the web series), and Jake are introduced in "Fear the Walking Dead" season 2, episode 3 "Ouroboros".

title: List of Fear the Walking Dead characters

text: The following is a list of characters from "Fear the Walking Dead", a television series that is a companion series and prequel to "The Walking Dead", which is based on the comic book series of the same name.

title: Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction

text: "The Walking Dead" is a comic-book series from IC and was written by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard It was started in 2003 and is continuing as of 2018. The story follows a group of survivors in a post-apocalyptic landscape. The apocalypse in this series was brought about by zombies, and it is strongly suspected that the zombies are victims of a virus. "The Walking Dead" television series is based on the comic books. They have also spawned a motion comic.

title: Days Gone Bye (The Walking Dead)

text: Robert Kirkman, the creator of the eponymous series of comic books, considered the idea of creating a television show based on the comic series, but did not move forward. Frank Darabont expressed interest in developing the series for television. In January 2010, AMC formally announced that it had ordered a pilot for a possible series adapted from "The Walking Dead" comic book. In the announcement, the executives stated that Darabont would serve as writer, director, and an executive producer alongside Gale Anne Hurd.

title: Mike Le

text: Le also co-wrote, with the creator of "The Walking Dead" comic book (which "The Walking Dead" TV series was based on), Robert Kirkman, the bestselling comic book series "Mayhem!" for Image Comics.

title: Robert Kirkman

text: Robert Kirkman (; born November 30, 1978) is an American comic book writer best known for creating "The Walking Dead", "Invincible", "Tech Jacket", "Outcast" and "Oblivion Song" for Image Comics, in addition to writing "Ultimate X-Men", "Irredeemable Ant-Man" and "Marvel Zombies" for Marvel Comics. He has also collaborated with Image Comics co-founder Todd McFarlane on the series "Haunt". He is one of the five partners of Image Comics, and the only one of the five who was not one of its co-founders.

title: Jessie Anderson (The Walking Dead)

text: Jessie Anderson is a fictional character in the comic book series "The Walking Dead" and is portrayed by Alexandra Breckenridge in the television series of the same name. She is a resident in the Alexandria Safe-Zone. Created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Charlie Adlard, the character made her debut in "The Walking Dead" #72 in 2010.

title: The Walking Dead (season 1)

text: Robert Kirkman, who created the comic book series in 2003, says he had considered the idea of a "Walking Dead" television series, but never actively pursued it. "I certainly wanted it to happen, just because I knew it would be good for the book... I'm certainly not against adaptations, like some creators." When Frank Darabont became interested in adapting the comic books for television, Kirkman said it was "extremely flattering" and went on to say that, "He definitely cares about the original source material, and you can tell that in the way he's adapting it. It's an extreme validation of the work... Never in a million years could I have thought that if "Walking Dead" were to ever be adapted that everything would be going this well. I think that that's all because of Frank."

text: Robert Kirkman's The Walking Dead: Search and Destroy is a post-apocalyptic horror novel written by Jay Bonansinga and was released on October 18, 2016. The novel is a spin-off of "The Walking Dead" comic book series, and it is the seventh novel based on the series. It continues to explore the story of Lilly Caul as her group deals with new enemies. "The Walking Dead: Search and Destroy" is the third book in a four-part series of novels.

title: Sasha Williams (The Walking Dead)

text: Sasha Williams is a fictional character (portrayed by Sonequa Martin-Green) from "The Walking Dead", an AMC television horror drama series. The character was created by Robert Kirkman, the creator of "The Walking Dead" comic book series which the show is based on and in which Sasha has no counterpart.

text: The AMC television series "The Walking Dead", based on the comic-book series, premiered in 2010. It centers around a group of people in the state of Georgia who struggle to survive and adapt in a post-apocalyptic world filled with zombies (called "walkers") and opposing groups of survivors who are often more dangerous than the walkers themselves. The popularity of the series has led to a spin-off franchise comprising an aftershow ("Talking Dead"), a companion television series ("Fear the Walking Dead", a prequel with different characters from the source material), video games (e.g., "The Walking Dead: The Game (Season One)", "" and "") webisodes (including "The Talking Dead" webisodes and the "Fear the Walking Dead" web series), and numerous parodies and spoofs.

title: The Walking Dead (comic book)

text: Following The Walking Dead: The Fall of the Governor, Bonansinga continued the Walking Dead novels as sole author, with Kirkman's name affixed to the title.

title: Shane Walsh (The Walking Dead)

text: Shane Walsh was created by Robert Kirkman and Tony Moore, the writer and original artist of "The Walking Dead" comic book series. The character first appeared in the first issue of the comic book series in October 2003, but was expanded upon greatly in the television show adapted from the comics in 2010. As a result, Shane lives much longer in the chronology of the story in the show than he does in the comics. Kirkman described the comic book version of Shane's character as a short and quick "wham, bam, thank you ma'am" arc compared to that of his counterpart in the television series. Kirkman said he preferred the show's version of Shane and that the differences between the two versions of the character illustrate the ability to explore and evolve elements from the comic book in different ways on the show.

title: The Walking Dead (franchise)

text: The Walking Dead is a media franchise created by Robert Kirkman and Tony Moore including a comic book series, two television series, six novels, video games, and various other media such as audio books and sound tracks.

title: The Walking Dead (franchise)

text: First issued in 2003 by publisher Image Comics, the series was created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore (who was later replaced by Charlie Adlard from issue #7 onward, though Moore continued to do the covers through issue #24.) "The Walking Dead" received the 2010 Eisner Award for Best Continuing Series at San Diego Comic-Con International.

title: List of The Walking Dead (comics) characters

text: The following is a list of characters from "The Walking Dead" comic book series, created by Robert Kirkman. Plot structure and characterization between the comic and television series can be similar, derivative, or in many cases almost entirely irrelevant.

title: The Walking Dead (comic book)

text: In May of 2018, Image Comics and its imprint Skybound Entertainment, the company that has driven development of The Walking Dead comic series since 2010, jointly announced The Walking Dead Day. The fan-oriented event has a scheduled date of October 13, 2018 and will coincide with the release of a Walking Dead #1 15th Anniversary Variant Edition, with cover art by current series artist Charlie Adlard. A select number of The Walking Dead Day participating local comic shops become part of the comic's story line, with their own special edition of Adlard's anniversary cover, featuring the store’s logo incorporated into the cover art. The company also noted that additional limited edition collectibles and festivities would be announced at a future date, prior to the October 2018 event.[10]

title: List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters

text: The following is a list of characters from "The Walking Dead" television series based on the eponymous comic book series. Although some characters appear in both the television and comic series, the continuity of the television series is not shared with the original comic book series.

title: Bob Stookey

text: Bob Stookey is a fictional character from the comic book series "The Walking Dead" and the television series of the same name, where he is portrayed by Lawrence Gilliard Jr. Created by Robert Kirkman and artists Charlie Adlard and Cliff Rathburn, the character made his debut in "The Walking Dead" #29 in June 2006. Bob is a former combat medic who is considered the town drunk of Woodbury, Georgia. Although he is a minor character in the comics, Bob is notable for saving the life of The Governor, who was severely mutilated by Michonne. His origins are explored in the companion novel "", which was written by Kirkman and Jay Bonansinga.

title: The Walking Dead (comic book)

text: The Walking Dead: The Final Season released August 14th 2018, was set to a halt on September 21, 2018 as most of the staff was "laid off" cause of money issues but as of October 6th, Skybound founder and Creator of The Walking Dead Comic Series, Robert Kirkman, has announced he will fund the last 2 episodes for he believes its the ending the fans deserves.

title: Andrea (The Walking Dead)

text: Andrea Harrison is a fictional character from the comic book series "The Walking Dead" and is portrayed by Laurie Holden in the American television series of the same name. The character was created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Tony Moore, and debuted in "The Walking Dead "#2 in 2003. In both mediums, she and her younger sister are among a group of survivors near Atlanta, Georgia.

title: The Walking Dead: Road to Survival

text: The Walking Dead: Road to Survival is a role-playing game for Android and iOS, based on the comic book series "The Walking Dead" by Robert Kirkman, as well as the story of "The Walking Dead" TV series writer Jay Bonansinga. "Road to Survival" was developed by Scopely and co-created with IUGO Mobile Entertainment.

title: The Walking Dead (comic book)

text: The Walking Dead received the 2007 and 2010 Eisner Award for Best Continuing Series at San Diego Comic-Con International. The series was adapted into the AMC television series The Walking Dead, which premiered in 2010. The television program loosely follows the storyline of the comic book. The franchise has also spawned multiple additional media properties, including video games (such as The Walking Dead video game), a companion television series (Fear the Walking Dead),[7] webisode series (The Walking Dead: Torn Apart, The Walking Dead: Cold Storage, The Walking Dead: The Oath, and The Walking Dead: Red Machete), and various additional publications, including novels (The Walking Dead: Rise of the Governor).

title: Arat (The Walking Dead)

text: Arat is a fictional character from the horror drama television series, "The Walking Dead," that airs on AMC in the United States and is based on the comic book series of the same name. She is portrayed by Elizabeth Ludlow. Arat is an adaptation of the character Tara from "The Walking Dead" comics.

text: Robert Kirkman's The Walking Dead: Return to Woodbury is a post-apocalyptic horror novel written by Jay Bonansinga and was released October 17, 2017. The novel is a spin-off of "The Walking Dead" comic book series, it is the seventh novel based on the series and it concludes the story of Lilly Caul as her group struggles to return to Woodbury. "The Walking Dead: Return to Woodbury" is the final book in a four-part series of novels.


query: What type of aircraft was used for BOAC flight 777-A?

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: BOAC Flight 777-A was a scheduled British Overseas Airways Corporation civilian airline flight from Portela Airport in Lisbon, Portugal to Whitchurch Airport near Bristol, England. On 1 June 1943, the Douglas DC-3 serving the flight was attacked by eight German Junkers Ju 88 fighter planes and crashed into the Bay of Biscay, killing all 17 on board. There were several notable passengers, among them actor Leslie Howard.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: The research of Ben Rosevink, a retired research technician at the University of Bristol, and son of BOAC Flight 777 flight engineer Engbertus Rosevink supplements Hintze's version. In the 1980s, Rosevink tracked down and interviewed three of the German pilots involved in the attack, including the one who fired on BOAC Flight 777.[4][11] In a 2010 interview with the Bristol Evening Post, Rosevink stated that he was convinced of the veracity of the German account.[11]

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: One of the less credible theories that circulated at the time was reported by Harry Pusey. Before the attack on BOAC Flight 777, the film The First of the Few about the life of R. J. Mitchell, the engineer behind the Supermarine Spitfire, was playing widely in Lisbon cinemas and had starred Howard as Mitchell. The gossip on the streets of Lisbon was that German agents had mistakenly thought Howard was Mitchell and ordered the downing of BOAC Flight-777. Pusey debunked this theory: "But you would have thought someone in German Intelligence would have known that Mitchell had died in 1937, wouldn't you?"[1]

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: The aircraft flying the Lisbon–Whitchurch route were left unmolested after the beginning of the war. Both Allied and Axis powers respected the neutrality of countries such as Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland and refrained from attacking flights into and out of those nations. The war over the Bay of Biscay, which is north of Spain and off the west coast of France, began to heat up in 1942.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: In 2003, on the 60th anniversary of the downing of Flight 777, a pair of television documentaries on the subject were released: the BBC series Inside Out and the History Channel's Vanishings! Leslie Howard – Movie Star or Spy?.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: According to the Churchill assassination theory, as passengers were boarding BOAC Flight 777, German agents spotted what Churchill described in his memoirs as "a thick-set man smoking a cigar," whom they mistook for the Prime Minister.[33] This man was later identified as Alfred T. Chenhalls, Howard's accountant and portly travel companion. In addition, some have speculated that the tall and thin Howard may have been mistaken for Detective Inspector Walter H. Thompson, Churchill's personal bodyguard who had a similar physical appearance.[34] There is an even more elaborate version of this theory that posits Chenhalls was employed by the British government as Churchill's "deliberate double" and that he and Howard boarded BOAC Flight 777 knowing they were going to die. An alternative version of this is that the British government had intercepted German messages via the Ultra code breaking operations, but failed to notify the BOAC Flight 777 for fear of compromising the use of Ultra decrypted messages.[7] Both Flight 777 (1957), a book by Ian Colvin about the incident, and In Search of My Father (1981), by Leslie Howard's son Ronald Howard, lend credence to the idea that BOAC Flight 777 was downed because the Germans thought Churchill was on the flight.[35]

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: According to this account, eight Junkers Ju 88C-6 heavy fighters (Zerstörer) from the 14th Staffel of the Luftwaffe's main maritime bomber wing, Kampfgeschwader 40, took off from Bordeaux at 10:00 hrs local time to find and escort two U-boats;[5] these aircraft belonged to the long-range fighter group known as Gruppe V Kampfgeschwader 40.[7][31] The names of four of the eight pilots are known: Staffelführer Oberleutnant (Oblt) Herbert Hintze, Leutnant Max Wittmer-Eigenbrot, Oblt Albrecht Bellstedt, and Oberfeldwebel (Ofw) Hans Rakow. The pilots claim that before setting out they were unaware of the presence of the Lisbon to Whitchurch flights. Due to bad weather, the search for the U-boats was called off and the fighters continued a general search. At 12:45 hrs, BOAC Flight 777 was spotted in P/Q 24W/1785 heading north. Approximately five minutes later, the Ju 88s attacked. Hintze retold his account for Goss as follows: "A 'grey silhouette' of a plane was spotted from 2,000–3,000metres (6,600–9,800ft) and no markings could be made out, but by the shape and construction of the plane it was obviously enemy." Bellstedt radioed: "Indians at 11 o'clock, AA (code for enemy aircraft ahead slightly to left, attack)." BOAC Flight 777 was attacked from above and below by the two Ju 88s assigned to a high position over the flight, and the port engine and wing caught fire. At this point flight leader Hintze, at the head of the remaining six Ju 88s, caught up to the DC-3 and recognised the aircraft as civilian, immediately calling off the attack, but the burning DC-3 was already severely damaged with the port engine out. Three parachutists exited the burning aircraft, but their chutes did not open as they were on fire. The aircraft then crashed into the ocean, where it floated briefly before sinking. There were no signs of survivors.[32]

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: Although there were still two other KLM DC-3's and one KLM DC-2 in use by BOAC on the same route, only the G-AGBB Ibis was attacked three times.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: After the war, actor Raymond Burr said that he was briefly married to Scottish actress Annette Sutherland who was killed on Flight 777. Burr's biographer Ona L. Hill writes that "no one by the name of Annette Sutherland Burr was listed as a passenger on the plane."[22]

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: The following day, BOAC released a statement:

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: In 2009 the grandson of Ivan Sharp, who lives in Norwich, and has the same name as his grandfather, arranged for a memorial plaque for the crew and passengers of BOAC Flight 777 to be dedicated at Lisbon Airport. On 1 June 2010, a similar plaque, paid for by Sharp, was unveiled at Whitchurch Airport in Bristol, and a brief memorial was held by friends and family of those killed on the flight.[11]

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: For several weeks prior to the German invasion of the Netherlands, Dutch airline KLM, operated a direct, over-water, twice-weekly DC-3 service from Amsterdam to Portugal avoiding French, British, and Spanish airspace to connect with the new Pan American flying boat service from the US to Lisbon. When Germany invaded in May 1940, KLM had several airliners en route outside the Netherlands.[2] Some managed to fly to Britain while others stranded east of Italy continued to link British and Dutch territories from Palestine to Indonesia and Australia. The British government interned the Dutch aircraft at Shoreham Airport. After negotiations, the Air Ministry and the Dutch government-in-exile contracted to use the KLM aircraft and crews to replace de Havilland Albatross aircraft on a scheduled service between Britain and Portugal, which BOAC started in June 1940 from Heston Aerodrome.[3][N 1]

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: Originally, five Douglas DC-3s and one Douglas DC-2 airliner were available, but with the loss of a DC-3 on 20 September 1940 in a landing accident at Heston, and the destruction of another DC-3 in November 1940 by Luftwaffe bombing at Whitchurch, only four aircraft remained: DC-2 G-AGBH Edelvalk (ex-PH-ALE), DC-3 G-AGBD Buizerd (ex-PH-ARB), DC-3 G-AGBE Zilverreiger (ex-PH-ARZ), and DC-3 G-AGBB Ibis (ex-PH-ALI).[4] In 1939, with war tensions in Europe increasing, KLM had painted their DC-2s and DC-3s bright orange to mark them clearly as civilian aircraft. BOAC repainted the aircraft in camouflage, with British civil markings and red/white/blue stripes like all BOAC aircraft, but without the Union Flag. They were later marked with their Dutch bird names under the cockpit windows. The interiors remained in KLM colours and markings.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: The most popular theory surrounding the downing of BOAC Flight 777 is that German intelligence mistakenly believed Winston Churchill was on the flight. This theory appeared in the press within days of the incident, and Churchill himself supported it. In late May 1943, Churchill and Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden travelled to North Africa for a meeting with United States General Dwight D. Eisenhower.[33]

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: On 1 June 1943, the BOAC flight from Lisbon to Whitchurch was assigned to the Ibis and given flight number 777-A.[5] It was originally scheduled to take off at 7:30 am but was delayed when Howard got off to pick up a package that he had left at customs;[4] it departed at 7:35 GMT. Whitchurch received a departure message and continued regular radio contact until 10:54.[4][5] The flight was roughly 200 miles (320km) northwest of the coast of Spain when Whitchurch received a message from wireless operator van Brugge that they were being followed and fired upon at 46°30'N, 009°37'W.[27] Shortly afterwards, the aircraft crashed and sank in the Bay of Biscay.[5]

title: Leslie Howard

text: Howard died in 1943 when flying to Bristol, UK, from Lisbon, Portugal, on KLM Royal Dutch Airlines/BOAC Flight 777. The aircraft, "G-AGBB" a Douglas DC-3, was shot down by "Luftwaffe" Junkers Ju 88C6 maritime fighter aircraft over the Bay of Biscay (in Cedeira, A Coruña). Howard was among the 17 fatalities, including four ex-KLM flight crew.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: A documentary film Leslie Howard: The Man Who Gave A Damn (2016),[45] which includes commentary on the ill-fated flight, was narrated by Derek Partridge, who at the age of seven gave up his seat on BOAC Flight 777 for Leslie Howard and Alfred T. Chenhalls and later in life, became a television and screen actor.[19][20]

title: BOAC Flight 783

text: The crash was followed in less than a year by two more fatal accidents involving structural failure of Comet aircraft: BOAC Flight 781 and South African Airways Flight 201, after which the entire fleet was grounded until extensive redesign of the type was carried out, leading to the development of the Comet 2 version.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: There are several theories as to why BOAC Flight 777 was shot down by the German pilots. All of these contradict the claims by the German pilots that they were not ordered to shoot down the airliner, either because the theories were formulated before the testimonies of the German pilots were recorded in the 1990s, or because the authors disbelieve the German accounts.

title: Bristol Brabazon

text: While the Brabazon's flight tests were being performed, BOAC became increasingly disinterested with the prospects for operating the type. Bristol had been subject to financial hardship, while development of the Proteus engine intended to power the envisioned and improved Brabazon Mark II was proving troublesome. Flight tests of the aircraft itself had revealed some fatigue issues in the inner wingbox area, while the projected operating costs for the Brabazon had been revised upwards as the programme had proceeded. BOAC, being unconvinced of the aircraft's merits, ultimately chose to decline to place any order for the type. Gibb stated of the situation: "the spec wasn't correct for post-war flying. The people who wrote the specs... conceived of an aeroplane with all this comfort, bunks, and a great dining room to eat in. And, of course, come the day, that wasn't what the airlines wanted. They wanted to ram as many passengers as possible into the tube and give 'em lunch on their laps.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: Bloody Biscay: The History of V Gruppe/Kampfgeschwader 40 by Christopher H. Goss revealed one of the most detailed versions of the attack. The book states that BOAC Flight 777 was not intentionally targeted and was shot down when it was mistaken for an Allied military aircraft. The account is composed of the author's analysis of events and interviews, conducted decades after the war ended, with some of the German pilots involved in the attack.[5]

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: The downing of BOAC Flight 777 elicited headlines around the world and there was widespread public grief, especially for the loss of Leslie Howard, who was championed as a martyr. The British government condemned the downing of BOAC Flight 777 as a war crime. The public's attention shifted focus as other events occurred. Nonetheless, two authoritative works examined the circumstances of the downing of BOAC Flight 777: in 1957, journalist Ian Colvin's book on the disaster entitled Flight 777: The Mystery of Leslie Howard and in 1984, Howard's son Ronald's biography of his father.

title: British Overseas Airways Corporation

text: BOAC was also permitted to spend dollars on six new Boeing 377 Stratocruisers for its key transatlantic routes from October 1949, offering a double-deck non-stop eastbound service from New York City to London Airport (later Heathrow). However, because of the prevailing westerly winds, the westbound flights needed re-fuelling at Shannon and Gander before reaching New York. Another four Stratocruisers were taken over from a frustrated SAS order and seven were bought secondhand in the mid-1950s. The Handley Page Hermes and Canadair DC-4M Argonaut joined the BOAC fleet between 1949 and 1950, replacing the last of the non-pressurised types on passenger services. When service entry of the Bristol Britannia was delayed in late 1956, BOAC was permitted to purchase ten new Douglas DC-7Cs. These long-range aircraft enabled BOAC to operate non-stop westbound flights from London and Manchester to New York and other US East Coast destinations,[5] in competition with DC-7Cs of Pan American World Airways and Lockheed Super Constellations of Trans World Airlines (TWA). This was the first purchase of aircraft direct from the Douglas Aircraft Company in BOAC's history.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: When war broke out in Europe, the British Air Ministry prohibited private flying and most domestic air services. Imperial Airways and British Airways Ltd, in the process of being merged and nationalised as BOAC, were evacuated from Croydon Aerodrome and Heston Aerodrome to Whitchurch Airport, outside Bristol. After the fall of Norway, and the entry of the Netherlands, Belgium, France, and Italy into the war, only neutral Sweden, Ireland, and Portugal remained as European destinations for BOAC (the US was just within range of BOAC's Empire flying boats by refuelling in Newfoundland). Over the UK, civil aircraft were restricted to between 1,000 feet (300m) and 3,000 feet (910m) and could fly only during daylight to ease identification. The British government also restricted flights to diplomats, military personnel, VIPs, and those with government approval.[1]

title: BOAC Flight 712

text: In the control tower, the takeoff had been observed by John Davis, who saw what he initially thought was the sun reflecting off the aircraft's wing during its initial climb. Davis quickly realised that the aircraft was on fire. Davis instructed Flight 712 to make a left turn, with the intention that the aircraft would land on runway 28L. He hit the "crash button" which alerted the emergency services and declared an aircraft accident. The emergency services were informed of the type of aircraft involved and given a meeting point at which they were to assemble.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: After the initial reservations about using Dutch crews were overcome, all-Dutch crews were used, although the flights used BOAC flight numbers and passenger handling. The KLM contingent was housed at BOAC's Whitchurch base.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: The Germans opened the Atlantic Command at Merignac near Bordeaux and Lorient to attack Allied shipping.[1] In 1943, fighting over the area intensified and the RAF and Luftwaffe saw increased losses.[5] This meant increased danger for BOAC aircraft flying between Lisbon and Whitchurch.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: Aviation accidents and incidents List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft List of airliner shootdown incidents

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: On 19 April 1943, the aircraft was again attacked at coordinates 46 North, 9 West, by six Bf 110 fighters. Captain Koene Dirk Parmentier evaded the attackers by dropping to 50 feet (15m) above the ocean and then climbing steeply into the clouds.[7] The Ibis again sustained damage to the port aileron, shrapnel to the fuselage, and a punctured fuel tank. A new wingtip was flown to Lisbon to complete repairs.[4] Despite these attacks, KLM and BOAC continued to fly the Lisbon–Whitchurch route.[8]

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: The British Overseas Airways Corporation regrets to announce that a civil aircraft on passage between Lisbon and the United Kingdom is overdue and presumed lost. The last message received from the aircraft stated that it was being attacked by an enemy aircraft. The aircraft carried 13 passengers and a crew of four. Next-of-kin have been informed.[28]