query: Who is the mayor of New York City?

title: List of mayors of New York City

text: The Mayor of New York City is the chief executive of New York City's government, as stipulated by New York City's charter. The current mayor, the 109th in the sequence of regular mayors, is Bill de Blasio, a Democrat.

title: Mayor of New York City

text: The Mayor of the City of New York is head of the executive branch of the Government of New York City. The mayor's office administers all city services, public property, police and fire protection, most public agencies, and enforces all city, state and federal laws within New York City.

title: List of mayors of New York City

text: Election results for Mayor of New York History of New York City Mayors of the City of Brooklyn (1834–98)

title: Osborn Elliott

text: New York City Mayor Abraham Beame offered Elliott a position with the New York City government in 1976 as the newly created deputy mayor of economic development. Elliott left "Newsweek" to take the deputy mayor position for an annual salary of $1 per year. Elliott's role in New York government was to reverse the loss of jobs which was taking place at the time in New York City. He served as deputy mayor for the remaining 15 months of the Beame administration.

title: New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development

text: The Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) is the department of the government of New York City responsible for developing and maintaining the city's stock of affordable housing. Its regulations are compiled in title 28 of the "New York City Rules". The Department is headed by a Commissioner, who is appointed by and reports directly to the Mayor. The current Commissioner of HPD is Maria Torres-Springer, who was appointed by Mayor Bill de Blasio in January 2017. Former Commissioners have included Vicki Been and Shaun Donovan. HPD is headquartered in Lower Manhattan, and includes smaller branch offices in each of the city's five boroughs.

text: The New York City Office of Management and Budget (OMB or New York City Mayor's Office of Management and Budget) is the New York City government's chief financial agency, organized as part of the New York City Mayor's office. OMB staff, under the direction of the Mayor and the Budget Director, assemble and oversee the expense capital budgets for the city. The City of New York funds the activities of approximately 70 agencies with more than 300,000 full-time and full-time equivalent employees, for a Fiscal Year 2018 total of $86 billion.

title: List of mayors of New York City

text: Every mayor so far has been white, with the solitary exception of David Dinkins (1990–1993), the city's first and only African American mayor.[2] New York has not had a Hispanic or Latino mayor, with the possible exception of John Purroy Mitchel (1914–1917), who was of Spanish descent and whose grandfather was born in Venezuela.[3] New York's mayors have been religiously diverse; the city has had Protestant, Jewish, and Catholic mayors.[4] No woman has ever served as mayor of New York City.[5]

title: Donna Henes

text: In 1984, she received a Mayoral Citation from New York City Mayor Ed Koch for designing the New York City Olympic Ticker Tape Parade and a Mayoral Citation from New York City Mayor David Dinkins in the early 1990s for her work as Shaman in the Streets.

title: La Guardia and Wagner Archives

text: Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. was the second generation of the Wagner family to devote himself to public service. His father was U.S. Senator Robert F. Wagner, a major figure on the national scene in the New Deal era who sponsored landmark labor, civil rights, health, social security, and social welfare legislation. The mayor's son, Robert F. Wagner, Jr. (Deputy Mayor), served as a member of the New York City Council, chair of the New York City Planning Commission, deputy mayor for policy, and president of the New York City Board of Education.

title: New York City Marshal

text: In 1938, the New York City Marshals were placed under the supervision of the New York City Department of Investigation, and in 1954, the City of New York Bureau of City Marshals (later renamed the Mayor's Committee on New York City Marshals) was established. By 1968, the New York City Civil Court Act's Article 16 made city marshals officers of the Civil Court of New York City, which allowed Appellate Divisions for the First and Second Judicial Departments of the court to supervise the marshals. While they were still appointed by the mayor of New York City, the Judicial Court could supervise and remove the appointed marshals from office.

title: New York City Sheriff's Office

text: The New York City Sheriff's Office (NYSO), officially the Office of the Sheriff of the City of New York, is the primary civil enforcement agency for New York City. The Sheriff's Office is a division of the New York City Department of Finance, operating as the civil enforcement arm. The Sheriff's Office is headed by a sheriff, who is appointed to the position by the mayor, unlike most sheriffs in New York State who are elected officials.

title: Government of New York City

text: The government of New York City, headquartered at New York City Hall in Lower Manhattan, is organized under the New York City Charter and provides for a "strong" mayor-council system. The mayor is elected to a four-year term and is responsible for the administration of city government. The New York City Council is a unicameral body consisting of 51 members, each elected from a geographic district, normally for four-year terms. All elected officials—other than those elected before 2010, who are limited to three consecutive terms—are subject to a two consecutive-term limit. The court system consists of two city courts and three state courts.

title: List of mayors of New York City

text: John T. Hoffman resigned after his election as Governor of New York state but before the end of his mayoral term.[12] Thomas Coman, President of the Board of Aldermen, completed Hoffman's term as acting mayor until his elected successor, A. Oakey Hall, took office.[13] When Hall temporarily retired during the Tweed investigation, the Acting Mayor of New York City was John Cochrane, the President of the New York City Council. William F. Havemeyer died during his last term of office. Samuel B. H. Vance, President of the Board of Aldermen, completed Havemeyer's term as acting mayor until his elected successor, William H. Wickham, took office. William L. Strong served an additional year in office because New York City mayoral elections were changed to be held in odd-numbered years due to the impending consolidation of New York City.

title: New York City Fire Commissioner

text: The New York City Fire Commissioner is the civilian administrator of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY), appointed by the Mayor of the City of New York. There have been 33 commissioners excluding Acting Fire Commissioners, and 38 including Acting Fire Commissioners. This is since Manhattan and the Bronx consolidated with Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island to form The City of New York in 1898. The current Fire Commissioner is Daniel A. Nigro, who has held the office since June 7, 2014. The term of office is January 1 to December 31 unless the commissioner is removed from office by the mayor, dies in office, or resigns.

title: William M. Bennett

text: In 1917, Bennett won the Republican nomination for Mayor of New York City, defeating the incumbent Mayor John Purroy Mitchel. At the New York City mayoral election, 1917, Bennett came in fourth, behind Democrat John F. Hylan, Mitchel (who ran as an Independent) and Socialist Morris Hillquit.

title: Mayor of New York City

text: The mayor's office is located in New York City Hall; it has jurisdiction over all five boroughs of New York City: Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island and Queens. The mayor appoints a large number of officials, including commissioners who head city departments, and his deputy mayors. The mayor's regulations are compiled in title 43 of the "New York City Rules". According to current law, the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms in office but may run again after a four year break. It was changed from two to three terms on October 23, 2008, when the New York City Council voted 29–22 in favor of passing the term limit extension into law. However, in 2010, a referendum reverting the limit back to two terms passed overwhelmingly.

text: Prior to Mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg's securing control of New York City schools, the Board of Education itself ran the schools. On June 30, 2002, Mayor Bloomberg secured authority over the schools from the New York State legislature, which began the era of "mayoral control" over the city schools.

title: New York City Marshal

text: New York City Marshals are civil litigation enforcement officers of New York City who are appointed by the mayor to 5-year terms. They are independent public officers and do not collect a salary during their tenure in office. By law, no more than 83 city marshals shall be appointed by a mayor. Marshals primarily enforce orders from civil court cases, including collecting on judgments, seizing property, and carrying out evictions. Marshals are regulated by the Mayor's Committee on New York City Marshals and the Department of Investigation. Marshals perform similar civil enforcement duties that are performed by deputy sheriffs of the New York City Sheriff's Office, but unlike the deputy sheriffs, they are not city employees. On an annual basis, city marshals must pay the city of New York $1,500 plus 4.5 percent of the fees they receive for collecting judgments.

title: Leslie Wyche

text: Leslie Wyche was a New York City community activist, and a long time Harlem resident. He was known in Harlem as the uptown neighborhood's honorary mayor. He liked being the Harlem Mayor, and is quoted in the "New York Times" as saying, “I’m the kind of guy who likes to be among the people." The position of Harlem mayor was started in 1947 by Reuben Patton. Who was the president of the Locality Mayors Committee of New York. He was a civic leader, philanthropist, and active in the Harlem community. The position comes with no salary and no official powers.

title: Robert F. Wagner Jr. (deputy mayor)

text: Wagner was an elected City Councilman-at-large in Manhattan. He lost the Democratic primary for Manhattan Borough President (his father's old job) to Andrew Stein in 1977, which seemingly ended the possibility of Wagner ascending to higher elected office. He served as Deputy Mayor for Policy, Head of the City Planning Commission, Head of the Health and Hospitals Commission, and President of the New York City Board of Education under New York City Mayor Edward Koch. More noteworthy, Wagner served as a Senior Policy Adviser to New York City mayors and New York governors for over twenty years. Primarily a Democrat, he supported Republican-Liberal Rudolph Giuliani in his candidacy for mayor against David Dinkins. At the time of his death, Wagner was serving as Senior Policy Adviser to Mayor-Elect Rudolph Giuliani of New York City, who was expected to return Mr. Wagner to his post as a Deputy Mayor; was chairman of the civic group Citizens Union; was vice-president of the polling organization LH Research; and had expressed an interest in joining the Democratic Presidential administration of Bill Clinton in an urban policy capacity - his expertise.

title: Deputy mayor

text: In New York City, there are multiple deputy mayors who handle coordination of specific policy areas where the First Deputy Mayor serves as the general deputy mayor for the Mayor of New York City.

title: New York City Hall

text: New York City Hall, the seat of New York City government, is located at the center of City Hall Park in the Civic Center area of Lower Manhattan, between Broadway, Park Row, and Chambers Street. The building is the oldest city hall in the United States that still houses its original governmental functions, such as the office of the Mayor of New York City and the chambers of the New York City Council. While the Mayor's Office is in the building, the staff of thirteen municipal agencies under mayoral control are located in the nearby Manhattan Municipal Building, one of the largest government buildings in the world.

title: Mayor of New York City

text:
The Mayor of New York City may appoint several deputy mayors to help oversee major offices within the executive branch of the city government. The powers and duties, and even the number of deputy mayors, are not defined by the City Charter. The post was created by Fiorello La Guardia (who appointed Grover Whalen as deputy mayor) to handle ceremonial events that the mayor was too busy to attend. Since then, deputy mayors have been appointed with their areas of responsibility defined by the appointing mayor. There are currently five deputy mayors, all of whom report directly to the mayor.
Deputy mayors do not have any right to succeed to the mayoralty in the case of vacancy or incapacity of the mayor. (The order of succession is the Public Advocate of the City of New York, then the Comptroller of the City of New York.)

title: Queens

text: Since New York City's consolidation in 1898, Queens has been governed by the New York City Charter that provides for a strong mayor-council system. The centralized New York City government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services in Queens. The Queens Library is governed by a 19-member Board of Trustees, who are appointed by the Mayor of New York City and the Borough President of Queens.

title: LaGuardia Houses

text: Mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia Houses, also known as LaGuardia Houses, is a public housing development built and maintained by the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. The development is named after Fiorello H. LaGuardia, the 99th Mayor of New York City who created the New York City Housing Authority and, although he was a Republican and President Franklin D. Roosevelt was a Democrat, worked closely with President Roosevelt to gain federal funding for projects throughout New York City.

title: 2009 New York City mayoral election

text: The 2009 election for Mayor of New York City took place on Tuesday, November 3. The incumbent Mayor, Michael Bloomberg, an independent who left the Republican Party in 2008, won reelection on the Republican and Independence Party/Jobs & Education lines with 50.7% of the vote over the retiring City Comptroller, Bill Thompson, a Democrat (also endorsed by the Working Families Party), who won 46.3%. Thompson had won the Democratic primary election on September 15 with 71% of the vote over City Councilman Tony Avella and Roland Rogers. This was the fifth straight mayoral victory by Republican candidates in New York despite the city's strongly Democratic leaning in national and state elections.

title: A Mayor's Life

text: A Mayor's Life: Governing New York's Gorgeous Mosaic is the autobiography of New York City's 106th mayor, David N. Dinkins, co-authored with Peter Knobler. Published in 2013 by PublicAffairs Books, the autobiography recounts the life and career of David Norman Dinkins, who defeated Ed Koch and Rudy Giuliani to become mayor of New York. "The New York Times" called it a "moving... inspiring account of New York's first black mayor." Set against the backdrop of the rise of Harlem's influence on city politics, which produced several state and national black leaders and energized the base that ultimately led to the election of President Barack Obama, "A Mayor's Life" deals with Dinkins' childhood in Trenton, NJ, his service in the U.S. Marine Corps, his education at Howard University and Brooklyn Law School, his political career beginning at the Carver Democratic Club and moving through jobs as City Clerk and Manhattan borough president to his election as mayor. Dinkins discusses his administration's successes, including an historic decrease in the city's crime rate; the cleanup of Times Square; the restoration of dilapidated housing in Northern Harlem, the South Bronx and Brooklyn; the deal to keep the US Tennis Open in New York City, which Mayor Michael Bloomberg has called "the only good athletic sports stadium deal, not just in New York but in the country"; and the hosting of Nelson Mandela on the South African diplomat's first international visit after being freed from prison. He also discusses its difficulties.

title: New York City Department for the Aging

text: In 1975, through an amendment of the New York City Charter, the Mayor’s Office for Aging became the New York City Department for the Aging. Alice M. Brophy, who had headed the Mayor’s Office for the Aging since its creation in 1968, became the first commissioner.

title: New York City Schools Chancellor

text: The New York City Schools Chancellor (formally "Chancellor of the New York City Department of Education") is the head of the New York City Department of Education. The Chancellor is appointed by the Mayor, and serves at the Mayor's pleasure. The Chancellor is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the department as well as responsible of all New York City Public Schools. The Chancellor is also a member of the New York City Panel for Educational Policy (formerly the New York City Board of Education). The current Chancellor is Richard Carranza.

title: Robert F. Wagner Jr. (deputy mayor)

text: Robert Ferdinand Wagner III (January 6, 1944 – November 15, 1993), also known as Robert (Bobby) Ferdinand Wagner III, was a noted New York City civic leader who served as the Deputy Mayor of the City of New York, and President of the New York City Board of Education. He is often confused with his father of the same name, Robert F. Wagner Jr., who served as Manhattan Borough President and Mayor of the City of New York during Robert III’s youth. He was also the grandson of Senator Robert Ferdinand Wagner I. He changed his name to Robert F. Wagner Jr. after his father dropped the “Jr”.


query: When does the character Zelena first appear on ABC's Once Upon a Time?

title: Zelena (Once Upon a Time)

text: Zelena, also known as the Wicked Witch of the West and cursed as Kelly West in the seventh season, is a fictional character in ABC's television series Once Upon a Time. She is portrayed by Rebecca Mader and was first introduced in the second half of the third season. After making recurring appearances in both the third and fourth seasons, Mader was promoted to series regular for the fifth and sixth seasons.[4] She returned as a recurring guest star in the seventh season.[5]

title: List of items in Once Upon a Time

text: Dorothy uses them to return to Oz in order to stop Zelena, but is humiliated. When Zelena goes to the Enchanted Forest to ruin Regina's life, Dorothy hides the slippers. However, once Zelena is banished back to Oz by Regina, she finds them to return to Storybooke. Zelena attempts to leave the Underworld with the slippers, but is coerced by Regina to give them to Ruby. The slippers are currently in Oz in the possession of Ruby and Dorothy.

title: Scarecrow (Oz)

text: The Scarecrow appeared in the "Once Upon a Time" episode "Our Decay" voiced by Paul Scheer. Many years ago, Zelena the Wicked Witch of the West targeted him for his brain as part of her attempt to create a time-travel spell. Before she can remove Scarecrow's brain, Dorothy and Toto arrived where they managed to get away from Zelena. With help from Hades who enchanted a bicycle that was found at the remains of Dorothy's house, Zelena was able to locate where Dorothy and Scarecrow are hiding. After magically freezing Dorothy, Zelena successfully removed Scarecrow's brain and was about to show it to Hades only to find that he is not there.

title: Envy

text: The character of Zelena on ABC's "Once Upon a Time", takes on the title "The Wicked Witch of the West" after envy itself dyes her skin in the episode "It's Not Easy Being Green".

title: List of items in Once Upon a Time

text: When Mr. Gold attempts killing Zelena, her life-force was freed after the fatal blow; it fled back to her pendant, releasing her magic and completing the time travel spell. It appears that if this is done, the Pendant's wearer regains back all their magic, since Zelena was able to regenerate her body and kill Marian, before "taking her place" with a glamour spell, within the short time that Hook and Emma were distracted. During the episode "Mother", Regina even states she put the magic-canceling bracelet on Zelena to prevent spell-casting. Zelena even implies that her magic is back. In "The Dark Swan" Zelena proves this, by cutting off her hand to remove the magic-canceling bracelet, and magically reattaches her hand.

title: Secret Garden (Once Upon a Time)

text: In Storybrooke, Robin is learning to practice spells, much to the dismay of Zelena, who is more upset with Regina because she gave her a book of spells. After Zelena takes away Robin's phone, Robin drops a potion and is transported to Gothel's home. Meanwhile at Tiana's palace in the New Realm, Regina comforts Hook over Alice when Zelena arrives to confront Regina about Robin. Regina believes it has to do with Gothel. As Zelena wants to make it personal, Hook wants to help and she reluctantly agrees. When they arrived to Gothel's home, Zelena and Hook stumble upon a seance conducted by Madame Leota, and finds Robin there, but defied Zelena and Hook and forced the two to leave.

title: Kansas (Once Upon a Time)

text: In the Emerald City of Oz, Zelena watches Rumplestiltskin train Regina through the portal, as she plots her scheme to destroy her half-sister. Glinda then arrives to tell Zelena about her true destiny, and wants her to meet her real sisters, who then offer her a chance to become the Witch of the West after she is introduced. Glinda tells them that Zelena doesn't have to be wicked, but believes that she can be good, if she can put aside her vengeance against Regina. However, the sisters tell Zelena of a book that Glinda keeps that foretells the arrival of a person to Oz in a cyclone, and Zelena is led to believing that she was the one they were looking for. Glinda, on the behalf of her sisters, then give Zelena the light pendant that will harness and protect her as it grows her powers, but tells her that once it is removed she will be powerless. After she takes the pendant her green skin disappears. Moments later after Glinda shows her the land she is giving to Zelena, both Glinda and Zelena witness a green cyclone arriving and it reveals debris being left behind and along with it, a young girl from the outside world, who Zelena finds among the rubble. She tells them that her name is Dorothy Gale and when they ask her where she is from, Dorothy tells them she is from Kansas but wants to know where she is and their names. When Glinda suggests that they take Dorothy to meet the sisters, Zelena's jealousy starts to reemerge.

title: List of Once Upon a Time characters

text: The characters and creatures of ABC's "Once Upon a Time" and its spin-off "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland" are related to classic fairy tale and fantasy characters and creatures, and often tie-in with other Disney media properties.

title: List of items in Once Upon a Time

text: At the time when he was slowly turning into tin for chopping down a tree on the Wicked Witch of the North's property, Stanum turned to Zelena for help in obtaining this artifact. After fending off a lion and arriving at the artifact, Zelena briefly experienced its abilities and claimed that Stanum set her up. After Stanum stated that she would be liked upon being normal, Zelena took the Crimson Heart as Stanum's tin conversion comes to an end.

title: Ariel (Once Upon a Time character)

text: Ariel is a fictional character that appears in the ABC television series "Once Upon a Time", where she is played by JoAnna Garcia. Ariel is loosely based on the Disney character of the same name from the 1989 animated film "The Little Mermaid".

title: Once Upon a Time (season 7)

text: On January 23, 2018, it was announced that Kip Pardue had been cast as Chad, Zelena's fiancé from when she was cursed as Kelly. He will make his first appearance in the seventeenth episode of the season.

title: Zelena (Once Upon a Time)

text: When Zelena travelled to the enchanted forest for the first time, she fell in love with Rumplestiltskin but she was not matched and when she returned to Oz and took control of the Emerald City she has a brief love affair with the Lord of the Underworld, Hades. when she comes back in season 3, she gets snogged by Rumple as he attempts to steal the dagger

title: Disney Fairies

text: To date, two of the characters from the Disney Fairies franchise have appeared in ABC's fantasy drama series "Once Upon a Time". Tinker Bell appears as a recurring character played by Rose McIver and debuts in the third episode of Season Three. Silvermist appeared in the spin-off "Once Upon a Time in Wonderland" in the second episode of Season One where she is played by Jordana Largy.

title: The Tower (Once Upon a Time)

text: As he arrives back to the apartment, Zelena is making tea for the Charmings, but David is very suspicious about Zelena, even after Mary Margaret tells him that Zelena was once friends with her late nanny Johanna. Unbeknownst to the two, Zelena is spiking one of the teas with the nightroot and after she returns to join in the conversation, Zelena asks David if he has any fears about Mary Margaret's pregnancy. David says no and takes a drink from the cup with the nightroot. As David later leaves the apartment and drives off, he begins to feel unnerved after he sees what appears to be a hooded individual in the road and texts Emma that he might have seen the Witch.

title: Zelena (Once Upon a Time)

text: Sometime during her childhood, Zelena's adoptive mother dies. During her time as a teenager, Zelena, who by now is discovering her powers was about to be punished by her father, but is saved by Cora, and is brought to the Enchanted Forest to help save Regina after she tampered with a wand that left her unconscious. Zelena then saved Regina and the two become bonded but when Cora tells them that they're sisters, Cora erased their memories of having met each other because her presence could alter Regina's future as the Queen. Zelena is sent back to Oz with her memories of meeting her mother and Regina wiped. ("Sisters")

title: Birth (Once Upon a Time)

text: Emma goes to the woods and sees Arthur, Merlin, and Zelena, with Emma's family tied to trees. She tells him to free them but Arthur wants Emma to hand over the dagger, and spark or else he'll "unleash" Merlin, and brought along Zelena to make sure she complies, asking Emma if she should kill Hook or David first. Emma hands Zelena the spark but when she opens it Zelena discovers that it's a fake, containing a spell that binds her to a tree. Furious that Emma tricked him, Arthur orders Merlin to fight her, and they battle by using magic. Merlin says he wishes Emma could defeat him, but that he's too experienced, and Merlin knocks her back. Arthur, believing he has the upper hand, orders Merlin to kill Mary Margaret, which he does by choking her with one of the tree's vines. Emma then pleads with Merlin to fight back against Arthur, telling him that he is the greatest sorcerer of all time and that if he can't fight off the darkness, no one can. Merlin struggles, but successfully fights off Arthur's control and stops the vine from choking Mary Margaret.

title: Secret Garden (Once Upon a Time)

text: Afterwards, Hook tells Zelena that she can save Robin by using the power of love instead of magic. But later on at Gothel's home, Robin is placed in the middle of a circle to be sacrificed so Leota can live, and when Zelena sees this she pushed Robin away and Zelena finds herself making the sacrifice. However, Robin uses her bow and arrow to save Zelena by aiming it at the amulet and shoots it out of Gothel's hand. The actions helped free Zelena and Robin from Gothel's spell and they began to bond as mother and daughter again. Robin then decides to give her magic left in the amulet to Zelena and to train on using a bow.

title: Sisters (Once Upon a Time)

text: Many years ago, in the Enchanted Forest, a young Regina wishes that her mother Cora had more time to play. Without her mother watching her, Regina finds a magic wand and attempts to transform her doll into a real sister with whom to play, only to have the spell backfire, knocking her unconscious. Cora and Prince Henry realizes that the only way to save her is by bringing a magical family member to wake her up. Consequently, Cora visits Oz to bring back Zelena, who just used her magic to restock the logs she dropped. This angers her abusive adoptive father, who doesn't want Zelena to use her “wicked” magic. Cora immediately freezes the woodcutter as he is about to hit her (her adoptive mother wasn't around to protect Zelena this time), then gives Zelena the opportunity to prove that her magic can be used for good, which she accepts. As Zelena is able to wake Regina, the two are unaware of their being sisters at first, but over time become close, and quickly realize that they're related, when Zelena accidentally opens Cora's wand box, leading to Cora admitting that Regina and Zelena are sisters. Despite Regina's pleas to have Zelena in her life, Cora, believing that Zelena's presence will interfere with Regina's future of becoming the next queen, wipes both of their memories and sends Zelena back to Oz.

title: Rebecca Mader

text: Rebecca Leigh Mader (born 24 April 1977) is an English actress, best known for her roles as Charlotte Lewis in the ABC series "Lost", and as Zelena, the Wicked Witch of the West, on ABC's "Once Upon a Time".

title: Zelena (Once Upon a Time)

text: Zelena has white skin, red hair and blue eyes. Her envy for her sister and Dorothy turned her skin green. Like the other characters in the series, Zelena remained ageless for twenty-eight years until the first Dark Curse was broken. In the episode "Our Decay," her birthday was revealed to be the fifteenth of April, something of which she was unaware until told by Hades in the present-day events of the episode.

title: Dark Waters (Once Upon a Time)

text: In the present day, Regina stands outside of Zelena’s house calling out the Evil Queen, and gets her and Zelena's attention, unaware that it was a ploy to free Archie (still in his cricket form), and succeeds. When Zelena and the Evil Queen hear Robin crying, they are given a warning from Regina, Snow, and David, and disappear.

title: Zelena (Once Upon a Time)

text: Zelena (which means "green" in some Slavic languages) is a vile woman with a soft spot for flying monkeys. Born to Cora in the Enchanted Forest, Zelena spent her life in Oz after being abandoned by Cora when she was a baby. After finding out about her sister, Zelena becomes envious of her sister's privileged life and literally turns green with envy. Like her mother and half-sister, Zelena was trained in magic by Rumplestiltskin, but due to his belief that he was the thing Zelena loved most -- not a big leap, since she did not have much love in her life -- the Dark One abandoned her in favor of Regina.

title: Chosen (Once Upon a Time)

text: Later that evening, Zelena became startled by Regina, who wants to help her sister deal with Hansel but hours later Margot received a phone message from Chad. As Zelena answer the call, her excitement turns to shock as she discovers that Hansel is holding Chad hostage demanding a showdown. Zelena tells Regina that she'll handle it on her own. When she found Chad's location, Hansel explains to Chad the truth about Zelena, and a fight ensued with Zelena defeating Hansel by knocking him out instead of killing him. Chad finally learned the truth about Zelena after believing her to be Kelly. However, Chad isn't concerned about what or who Zelena is, just as long as he loves her for what she is. In the end, Zelena agreed to help Regina but Regina wants Zelena to be with Chad for now. Zelena also said goodbye to Margot and promised to reveal everything soon, and then gives Margot her necklace.

title: Street Rats (Once Upon a Time)

text: While the family started wondering where the real Archie went, he was at Zelena’s, watching the baby while she and The Evil Queen went to the spa and catch up on the bonding with the Evil Queen convincing Zelena that she can embrace her wickedness without losing her daughter, as she admits to having lied to Henry about caring for him as a son. When they return home, Zelena turns Archie into a cricket once again, putting him in a cage that hangs above her baby’s crib.

title: Breadcrumbs (Once Upon a Time)

text: Meanwhile, Lucy and Zelena are working on an antidote to reverse Henry's curse when Margot overheard the conversation about why her mother wanted her to return but Zelena wasn't ready to tell her yet. Around the same time, Rogers helps Tilly get a job working with Sabine at the food truck. As Margot and Tilly meet up again at the food truck the women strike up a conversation and find they have a lot in common. Both Sabine and Rogers feel enthusiastically impressed with Tilly finding a job and a new person to relate to. As Margot returned to Roni's, she forgave Zelena but felt that it was due to not seeing her fiancée in awhile, so when Margot innocently shows Zelena a box of heart shaped chocolates found outside, Zelena is horrified to find that she is next on Hansel's "Candy Killer" murder spree.

title: Kansas (Once Upon a Time)

text: As David Nolan, Mary Margaret, Emma Swan, and Henry Mills arrive at the hospital for the delivery of the baby, Dr. Whale is there and ready to prep. Emma and Regina then put a protection spell around the hospital to keep Zelena away. Hook arrives to explain to Emma about why Zelena cursed him but when David interrupts the two by suggesting that Hook and Emma should go together to defeat Zelena, Emma is reluctant to have Hook tag along. At the same time, Gold, who is being watched by Zelena, is using his spinning wheel in his cage to create a pile of golden strands. Zelena then uses the strands to transform it into a golden brain that she'll use in her plans to create her time-travelling spell. They then put the items (Regina's heart, David's broken sword and the brain) in a circle. As Emma and Hook arrive to the farm to stop Zelena, she tells him that once this is over she and Henry are leaving Storybrooke but Hook thinks she is making a mistake, saying she is afraid. As Zelena and Gold approach the intruders, Zelena makes Emma choose between Hook and her magic, using her power to force Hook into an open water tank and make him drown. Emma then rescues Hook from the water and revives him with mouth-to-mouth. When their lips touch, a wave of magic is released from Emma and with it Hook's curse. Hook is stunned that Emma would make a sacrifice of giving up her magic to save him, asking her, "What did you do?"

title: Chosen (Once Upon a Time)

text: When Zelena returns to save Hansel and Gretel, she succeed in defeating the Gingerbread Witch by taking her sight but Hansel and Gretel had already escaped. Unfortunately when she returned Ivo was ready and waiting, as Hansel and Gretel told their father about Zelena. Ivo asked her to leave but she suddenly went furious by throwing the ring containing the witch's sight into the fireplace. Hansel tries to fight against Zelena, who responded by using flames from the fireplace to give Hansel the scars on his arms. As Zelena disappears, Hansel's hatred towards witches begins.

title: Bleeding Through (Once Upon a Time)

text: In the present day at the Mayor's home, Zelena has come up with a way to distract Regina, first by offering her green apples, then initiating an argument between them. It appears that Zelena's plan has worked because Zelena has used the distraction to track down Regina's heart, and has Gold serve as her tracker, leading him to Robin Hood. When Robin tries to stop him, Gold uses his power to point Robin's arrow towards Roland. Robin is left with no choice but to hand over Regina's heart to Gold in order to spare his son's life. As Regina arrives to see Robin, she tells him she was not worried because “nothing’s worth the life of a child,” but now that her heart is with Zelena, Regina suspects that Zelena's real motive for taking her heart might be part of a bigger plot since Zelena has not killed her yet. So she pays a visit to Gold's Pawn Shop and starts searching for the answers, but not before getting an earful from Belle, who rattles off a laundry list of things that Regina did to her, prompting Regina to apologize to her. The two then discover that Regina’s heart is related to her late mother’s life when Regina finds the two-sided curse candle that was responsible for killing Cora over a year before.

title: Zelena (Once Upon a Time)

text: With the Wizard under her control and Glinda trapped in the Enchanted Forest, Zelena takes dominion over the Emerald City and its guards. Zelena had one of her flying monkeys bring Scarecrow to her so that she can take his brain for her first attempt at a time-traveling spell. When Dorothy returns, she and Toto free Scarecrow and escape from Zelena. With help from Hades, Zelena finds where they are hiding. Zelena then uses her magic to magically freeze Dorothy and then rips out Scarecrow's brain, leaving him without a brain. Before she can show Hades, Zelena noticed that Hades was not there. ("Heart of Gold")

title: Once Upon a Time (season 5)

text: The fifth season of the American ABC fantasy-drama "Once Upon a Time" was ordered on May 7, 2015. It began airing on September 27, 2015, and ended on May 15, 2016. On June 9, 2015, the promotion of Rebecca Mader and Sean Maguire to series regulars was announced for the fifth season, portraying their characters Zelena / Wicked Witch of the West and Robin Hood, respectively, while a few days later, Michael Socha was confirmed to not be returning as a series regular as Will Scarlet / Knave of Hearts. The fifth season also saw the series reach its 100th episode, which aired on March 6, 2016 as the mid-season premiere.


query: What's the biggest atomic bomb to ever exist?

title: Tsar Bomba

text: The Soviet RDS-220 hydrogen bomb (code name Ivan[3] or Vanya), known by Western nations as Tsar Bomba (Russian:Царь-бо́мба, tr.Tsar'-bómba,IPA:[t͡sarʲ ˈbombə],lit. 'Tsar bomb'), was the most powerful nuclear weapon ever created. Tested on 30 October 1961 as an experimental verification of calculation principles and multi-stage thermonuclear weapon designs, it also remains the most powerful explosive ever detonated. It was also referred to as Kuzma's mother (Russian:Ку́зькина ма́ть, tr.Kúz'kina mát',IPA:[ˈkusʲkʲɪnə ˈmatʲ]),[4] possibly referring to First secretary Nikita Khrushchev's promise to "show the United States a Kuzma's mother" (an idiom roughly translating to "We'll show you") at a 1960 session of United Nations General Assembly.[5][6]

title: Bomb

text: The power of large bombs is typically measured in kilotons (kt) or megatons of TNT (Mt). The most powerful bombs ever used in combat were the two atomic bombs dropped by the United States to attack Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the most powerful ever tested was the Tsar Bomba. The most powerful non-nuclear bomb is Russian "Father of All Bombs" (officially Aviation Thermobaric Bomb of Increased Power (ATBIP)) followed by the United States Air Force's MOAB (officially Massive Ordnance Air Blast, or more commonly known as the "Mother of All Bombs").

title: Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

text: Modern debate over the applicability of the Hague Conventions to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki revolves around whether the Conventions can be assumed to cover modes of warfare that were at the time unknown; whether rules for artillery bombardment can be applied to rules for aerial bombing. As well, the debate hinges on to what degree the Hague Conventions was being followed by the warring countries.

title: Overseas Hibakusha Case

text: Directive No. 402...provided that since the Act on Special Measures for Atomic Bomb Survivors shall apply only to "atomic bomb survivors" who have a place of residence or a current residence in Japan, if an "atomic bomb survivor" moves his/her place of residence outside the territory of Japan, the said Act shall not apply to such "atomic bomb survivor" and he/she shall forfeit the right to receive health management allowance, etc.the Act on Relief for Atomic Bomb Survivors was enacted in a manner so as to integrate the Two Acts for Atomic Bomb SurvivorsThis notice abolished the rule of administrative treatment resulting in forfeiture of right under Directive No. 402.

title: Manhattan Project

text: The first nuclear device ever detonated was an implosion-type bomb at the Trinity test, conducted at New Mexico's Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range on 16 July 1945. Little Boy and Fat Man bombs were used a month later in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively. In the immediate postwar years, the Manhattan Project conducted weapons testing at Bikini Atoll as part of Operation Crossroads, developed new weapons, promoted the development of the network of national laboratories, supported medical research into radiology and laid the foundations for the nuclear navy. It maintained control over American atomic weapons research and production until the formation of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in January 1947.

title: 393d Bomb Squadron

text: In December 1944 reassigned as the only operational B-29 squadron to 509th Composite Group at Wendover Field, Utah in December. Aircraft were refitted to Silverplate configuration becoming atomic bomb capable under a highly classified program. Deployed to North Field (Tinian) in late May 1945, flying non-combat missions practicing atomic bomb delivery techniques. The squadron carried out two Atomic Bombing missions over Japan in August 1945, being the only squadron in the world to ever carry out and deliver nuclear weapons in combat. Dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, on 6 August 1945, and the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan, on 9 August 1945.

text: Varying opinions exist on the question of what role the bombings played in Japan's surrender: some regard the bombings as the deciding factor, others see the bombs as a minor factor, and yet others assess their importance as unknowable.

title: Original Child Bomb

text: The title of the film comes from Thomas Merton's poem of the same name, "Original Child Bomb". The phrase "original child bomb" was derived from the Japanese term for the atom bomb, "genshi bakudan". "Genshi", which means "atom," contains root characters which, when rendered individually, can be taken to mean "original" and "child." Merton's poem claims, as does the documentary, that the Japanese called the weapon the "original child bomb" because the bomb was the first of its kind. It is unlikely, however, that native Japanese speakers would have translated "genshi" as such, or that the phrase "original child bomb" was ever used by the Japanese.

title: 1996 Manchester bombing

text: The IRA planned to carry out a similar bombing in Manchester. The city may have been chosen because it was one of the host cities of the Euro '96 football tournament, attended by visitors and media organisations from all over Europe, guaranteeing the IRA what Margaret Thatcher called the "oxygen of publicity". A Russia vs Germany match was to take place at Old Trafford in Manchester a day after the bombing. The year before, Manchester had also won its bid to host the 2002 Commonwealth Games, at the time the biggest multi-sport event ever to be staged in Britain.

title: Atomic demolition munition

text: There is no definitive open source information on the number, location, security, or status of these suitcase nuclear bombs. No Soviet suitcase bomb or any of its presumed components has ever been found, much less used, in the three decades after the collapse of the USSR. , it is likely they would not work or would fizzle at worst by lack of the required specialized maintenance common to all nuclear weapons, if they ever existed.

title: Godzilla (1954 film)

text: In the film, Godzilla symbolizes nuclear holocaust from Japan's perspective and has since been culturally identified as a strong metaphor for nuclear weapons. Producer Tomoyuki Tanaka stated that, "The theme of the film, from the beginning, was the terror of the bomb. Mankind had created the bomb, and now nature was going to take revenge on mankind." Director Ishirō Honda filmed Godzilla's Tokyo rampage to mirror the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, stating, "If Godzilla had been a dinosaur or some other animal, he would have been killed by just one cannonball. But if he were equal to an atomic bomb, we wouldn't know what to do. So, I took the characteristics of an atomic bomb and applied them to Godzilla."

text: This conclusion assumed conventional fire bombing would have continued, with ever-increasing numbers of B-29s, and a greater level of destruction to Japan's cities and population. One of Nitze's most influential sources was Prince Fumimaro Konoe, who responded to a question asking whether Japan would have surrendered if the atomic bombs had not been dropped by saying resistance would have continued through November or December 1945.

title: The Atomic Cafe

text: Though the topic of atomic holocaust is a grave matter, "The Atomic Cafe" approaches it with black humor. Much of the humor derives from the modern audience's reaction to the old training films, such as the "Duck and Cover" film shown in schools. A quote to illustrate what can be perceived as black humor, culled from the movie: "Viewed from a safe distance, the atomic bomb is one of the most beautiful sights ever seen by man," a U.S. Army training film declares.

title: Japanese war crimes

text: The effectiveness of torture might also have been counterproductive to Japan's war effort. After the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II, the Japanese military tortured a captured American P-51 fighter pilot named Marcus McDilda in order to discover how many atomic bombs the Allies had and what the future targets were. McDilda, who knew nothing about the atomic bomb nor the Manhattan Project, "confessed" under torture that the U.S. had 100 atomic bombs and that Tokyo and Kyoto were the next targets. McDilda's false confession may have swayed the Japanese leaders' decision to surrender.

title: Ishrat Hussain Usmani

text: While there, he produced a brief investigative report on the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and made his efforts to enhance the NPT. Unlike Salam, who remained associated with country's atomic bomb programme, Usmani was ejected from the atomic bomb programme. In 1981, Usmani published the influential technical article at the ""Nucleonics Week"— an influential European nuclear publication— claiming that the atomic bomb project has been failed and is unlikely ever to be capable of producing even the crudest of nuclear devices; therefore the programme is near collapse. Although, Usmani was notified and knew well that in fact, the atomic bomb project was a complete success and the atomic bomb program has gone mature and passed the critical phase of producing the fissile cores had been achieved since 1978. His publication played an influential role in convincing the United States' policy to ease off the nuclear embargo on Pakistan.

text: On 30 June 2007, Japan's defense minister Fumio Kyūma said the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan by the United States during World War II was an inevitable way to end the war. Kyūma said: "I now have come to accept in my mind that in order to end the war, it could not be helped (shikata ga nai) that an atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki and that countless numbers of people suffered great tragedy." Kyūma, who is from Nagasaki, said the bombing caused great suffering in the city, but he does not resent the U.S. because it prevented the Soviet Union from entering the war with Japan. Kyūma's comments were similar to those made by Emperor Hirohito when, in his first ever press conference given in Tokyo in 1975, he was asked what he thought of the bombing of Hiroshima, and answered: "It's very regrettable that nuclear bombs were dropped and I feel sorry for the citizens of Hiroshima but it couldn't be helped (shikata ga nai) because that happened in wartime."

title: Overseas Hibakusha Case

text: The Court's decision hinged on an examination of laws relating to treatment of hibakusha, governmental agency directives that interpreted those laws, and an earlier decision of the Court related to hibakusha who were not Japanese citizens:"The purpose of this Act is, in light of the particular health conditions that survivors of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima City and Nagasaki City are still experiencing, to have the State provide health checkups and medical care for such atomic bomb survivors, with the aim of maintaining and promoting their health" (Article 1)."The purpose of this Act is to pay special allowance and take other measures for survivors of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima City and Nagasaki City who were influenced by the injuring power of the atomic bombs and are still experiencing particular conditions, with the aim of promoting their welfare" (Article 1).(i) The prefectural governor shall provide "atomic bomb survivors" with annual health checkups and necessary guidance based on such checkups; (ii) The Minister of Health and Welfare shall give "atomic bomb survivors," who were injured or sickened with diseases caused by the injuring power of the atomic bombs and are currently in need of medical care, recognition that their injury or diseases were caused by the injuring power of the atomic bombs, and shall provide them with necessary medical care at designated medical institutions or pay for their medical care costs instead; and (iii) The Minister of Health and Welfare shall pay medical care benefits for general injuries or diseases to "atomic bomb survivors" on certain conditions, for instance, that they received medical care for general injuries or diseases at medical institutions designated for atomic bomb survivors' general diseases.Directive No. 402 was issued on the occasion of the partial revision to the Two Acts for Atomic Bomb Survivors by Act No. 86 of 1974 (see above)

text: Even after the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan, no international treaty banning or condemning nuclear warfare has ever been ratified. The closest example is a resolution by the UN General Assembly which stated that nuclear warfare was not in keeping with the UN charter, passed in 1953 with a vote of 25 to 20, and 26 abstentions.

text: Jerome Hagen indicates that War Minister Anami's revised briefing was partly based on interrogating captured American pilot Marcus McDilda. Under torture, McDilda reported that the Americans had 100 atomic bombs, and that Tokyo and Kyoto would be the next atomic bomb targets. Both were lies; McDilda was not involved or briefed on the Manhattan Project and simply told the Japanese what he thought they wanted to hear.

text: Ward Wilson wrote that "after Nagasaki was bombed only four major cities remained which could readily have been hit with atomic weapons", and that the Japanese Supreme Council did not bother to convene after the atomic bombings because they were barely more destructive than previous bombings. He wrote that instead, the Soviet declaration of war and invasion of Manchuria and South Sakhalin removed Japan's last diplomatic and military options for negotiating a "conditional" surrender, and this is what prompted Japan's surrender. He wrote that attributing Japan's surrender to a "miracle weapon", instead of the start of the Soviet invasion, saved face for Japan and enhanced the United States' world standing.

title: William D. Leahy

text: According to Truman's "Memoirs: Years of Decisions" (1955), Leahy had stated in 1945 to President Truman: "That is the biggest fool thing we have ever done. The atomic bomb will never go off, and I speak as an expert in explosives." Once the bomb was tested, Leahy became strongly opposed to its use in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In his own memoirs, Leahy wrote:

title: History of nuclear weapons

text: Although uranium-238 cannot be used for the initial stage of an atomic bomb, when it absorbs a neutron, it becomes uranium-239 which decays into neptunium-239, and finally the relatively stable plutonium-239, an element that does not exist naturally on Earth, but is fissile like uranium-235. After Fermi achieved the world's first sustained and controlled nuclear chain reaction with the creation of the first atomic pile, massive reactors were secretly constructed at what is now known as Hanford Site to transform uranium-238 into plutonium for a bomb.

title: Harry S. Truman

text: Truman's second inauguration was the first ever televised nationally. His second term was grueling as his opponents controlled Congress and his policy of rollback in Korea failed. The Soviet Union's atomic bomb project progressed much faster than had been expected and they detonated their first bomb on August 29, 1949. In response, on January 7, 1953, Truman announced the detonation of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, which was much more powerful than the Soviet Union's atomic weapons.

title: Effectiveness of torture for interrogation

text: After the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II, the Japanese military tortured a captured American P-51 fighter pilot, Marcus McDilda, in order to discover how many atomic bombs the Allies had and what the future targets were. McDilda, who knew nothing about the atomic bomb nor the Manhattan Project, "confessed" under torture that the U.S. had 100 atomic bombs and that Tokyo and Kyoto were the next targets. McDilda's false confession may have swayed the Japanese leaders' decision to surrender.

title: John Milius

text: Never compromise excellence. To write for someone else is the biggest mistake that any writer makes. You should be your biggest competitor, your biggest critic, your biggest fan, because you don't know what anybody else thinks. How arrogant it is to assume that you know the market, that you know what's popular today—only Steven Spielberg knows what's popular today. Only Steven Spielberg will ever know what's popular. So leave it to him. He's the only one in the history of man who has ever figured that out. Write what you want to see. Because if you don't, you're not going to have any true passion in it, and it's not going to be done with any true artistry.

title: Karl P. Cohen

text:
Edward Teller’s autobiography "Memoirs" reflects positively on Cohen and Urey's centrifuge method for producing U-235 when he writes: “What if we had the atomic bomb a year earlier? The easiest and least expensive method of separating isotopes, a method used throughout the world today, is based on a centrifuge procedure that Harold Urey proposed in 1940. General Groves chose the diffusion method instead. Karl Cohen, Urey’s able assistant during that period, believes that Groves’ decision delayed the atomic bomb by a year.
“If Dr. Cohen is right, atomic bombs of the simple gun design might have become available in the summer of 1944 and, in that case, would surely have been used against the Nazis. Atomic bombs in 1944 might have meant that millions of Jews would not have died, and that Eastern Europe would have been spared more than four decades of Soviet domination.”

title: Nuclear weapon

text: All existing nuclear weapons derive some of their explosive energy from nuclear fission reactions. Weapons whose explosive output is exclusively from fission reactions are commonly referred to as atomic bombs or atom bombs (abbreviated as A-bombs). This has long been noted as something of a misnomer, as their energy comes from the nucleus of the atom, just as it does with fusion weapons.

title: Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum

text: The residents of Nagasaki consider it their duty to make sure the horrors which they experienced due to the atomic bombing are never repeated. Because of this, the museum is designed in such a way that the audience can see just what effect the bomb had on the city, the reconstruction, and the lasting effects of the atomic bomb. The museum opens with a room dedicated to the city as it was just before the bomb decimated Nagasaki. A clock which stopped at 11:02, the precise time the bomb hit the city, is also on display to demonstrate how so many people were killed in an instant.

title: Operation Downfall

text: At the time, the development of the atomic bomb was a very closely guarded secret (not even then-Vice President Harry Truman knew of its existence until he became President), known only to a few top officials outside the Manhattan Project, and the initial planning for the invasion of Japan did not take its existence into consideration. Once the atomic bomb became available, General Marshall envisioned using it to support the invasion if sufficient numbers could be produced in time.

title: Balance of terror

text: In this counterintuitive way, the existence of the most powerful weapons ever created actually supported a kind of peace: while many wars were fought around the world during the Cold War, the superpowers never fought each other directly, nor have atomic bombs been dropped in war since the atomic bombing of Nagasaki in 1945.

title: Last Enemy

text: On their trip back to the First Level city of Dhergabar, Dalla expresses her regret at the forces she has released in the Akor-Neb Sector, but Vall assures her that she can only see the surface of the immediate situation, and that it is impossible to know what the long-term results will be. He compares the situation to that on Fourth Level Europo-American, where scientists regret their invention of the atomic bomb. Vall is confident that just what the sector needs is a “series of all-out atomic wars” and that, “in a century or so, the inventors of the atomic bomb will be hailed as the saviors of their species.”


query: When was the book Murder on the Orient Express released?

title: Murder on the Orient Express

text: Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by British writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. It was first published in the United Kingdom by the Collins Crime Club on 1 January 1934. In the United States, it was published on 28 February 1934,[1][2] under the title of Murder in the Calais Coach, by Dodd, Mead and Company.[3][4] The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6)[5] and the U.S. edition at $2.00.[4]

text: The official site for "Murder on the Orient Express" was unveiled in September 2006, and contains screenshots, character biographies and photos, environment artwork, trailers, demos, music, wallpaper and contests. "Murder on the Orient Express" was released on November 14, 2006 in North America. The Adventure Company held a launch party for the gaming press two days after the game was shipped. Among the guests were the development team of "Murder on the Orient Express", and actors portraying the game's various characters. The demo for "Murder on the Orient Express" was released on December 20, 2006, and contained a small portion of the game which has the player exploring the train.

title: Death on the Nile (1978 film)

text: "The Times"' film critic David Robinson had mixed feelings about the film. Although it was entertaining, and followed the formula of the "Murder on the Orient Express" film four years earlier, he found it a bit too long and not quite as good. He concluded that screenwriter Anthony Shaffer and director John Guillermin were not quite as suitable to handle Agatha Christie's rich material as Paul Dehn and Sidney Lumet had been when they worked on "Murder on the Orient Express".

text: The development team decided that, as with "And Then There Were None", they would change Christie's original ending for "Murder on the Orient Express". The aim of the developers was to create games that would not only appeal to casual gamers, but also to Christie fans. As nearly all Christie fans have read "Murder on the Orient Express", and know the solution, and considering that the novel was to be included with the game, the developers decided that the ending needed to be changed. The novel has two solutions – one being what appears to be happening and the other being what is actually occurring – and the developers aimed to develop a third solution which drew on these two solutions and still surprised the player. Lee Sheldon admitted that his variation to the ending of "And Then There Were None" received some criticism, and said that in "Murder on the Orient Express" changing the ending was even harder because of the sheer fame of the book and its solution. He also expressed his hatred of adaptations of older material which make fun of that time period, and said that he was trying to stay as faithful to Christie's work and time era as possible.

title: Orient Express (board game)

text: Orient Express is a crime fiction board game published by Jumbo and Just Games. The game is based on the book "Murder on the Orient Express" by Agatha Christie. The game was designed by Jeff Smets and released in 1985. The game contains 10 different murder cases, each of which can be played only once. Five new plots were released in 1987.

text: Since its release, "Murder on the Orient Express" has received widely differing reviews. GameRankings gave it a score of 65.22%, while Metacritic gave it 60 out of 100.

title: Taurus Express

text: The Taurus Express is featured in Agatha Christie's crime novel "Murder on the Orient Express" (1934). While the main body of the story takes place on the another of the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits trains, the Simplon-Orient Express, the opening chapter of the book takes place on the Taurus Express.

text: Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express is a 2006 adventure game developed by AWE Productions and published by The Adventure Company for Microsoft Windows. It is the second installment in The Adventure Company's "Agatha Christie series". The setting is five years before the events in "", with a largely unrelated storyline. The plot follows an amateur sleuth, Antoinette Marceau, and her investigation of a murder with twelve possible suspects aboard the Orient Express, which has been blocked by an avalanche in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia during 1934. She is aided by famous detective Hercule Poirot.

title: Murder on the Orient Express

text: The UK serialisation appeared after book publication, appearing in three instalments in the Grand Magazine, in March, April, and May 1934 (Issues 349 to 351). This version was abridged from the book version (losing some 25% of the text), was without chapter divisions, and named the Russian princess as Dragiloff instead of Dragomiroff. Advertisements in the back pages of the UK first editions of The Listerdale Mystery, Why Didn't They Ask Evans, and Parker Pyne Investigates claimed that Murder on the Orient Express had proven to be Christie's best-selling book to date and the best-selling book published in the Collins Crime Club series.

title: Murder on the Orient Express

text: Agatha Christie's Poirot"Murder on the Orient Express" (2010)

title: Murder on the Orient Express

text: Murder on the Orient Express (2001)

title: Murder on the Orient Express (disambiguation)

text: Murder on the Orient Express is a 1934 detective novel by Agatha Christie. It may also refer to:

text: "Murder on the Orient Express" retains the main plot elements of Agatha Christie's novel of the same name. An additional ending is presented in the game which differs from the conclusion of Christie's novel. As with "And Then There Were None", Christie's novel is bundled with the game. Some reviewers of "Murder on the Orient Express" criticized the game because of the repetitive nature of tasks the player must complete, and also complained about the inefficient and cumbersome inventory system. Others have praised it for improved graphics compared to "And Then There Were None", as well as convincing voice acting and audio effects. "Murder on the Orient Express" is followed by "", the third installment in the "Agatha Christie series".

text: A major difference between "And Then There Were None" and "Murder on the Orient Express" that Sheldon pointed out was that in the former, the premise of the novel was that no one solved the murder. This forced Sheldon to desperately try to find a way to integrate clues into the story so that the player could actually discover the murderer, although the game remained quite uninteractive. In "Murder on the Orient Express", the actual novel follows an investigation, so Sheldon could more easily integrate clues to lead to all three possible solutions. Sheldon also excised unnecessary puzzles from "Murder on the Orient Express", as they were an unpopular feature of its predecessor.

title: Murder on the Orient Express

text: The point and click computer game Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express was released in November 2006 for Windows and expanded on Agatha Christie's original story with a new playable central character as Hercule Poirot (voiced by David Suchet) is ill and recovering in his train compartment.

title: Vinkovci

text: Vinkovci, though it is spelled Vincovci in the book, and its rail station are featured in Agatha Christie's "Murder on the Orient Express" as the place near which the Orient Express breaks down.

title: Murder on the Orient Express (2017 film)

text: "Murder on the Orient Express" was released in the United Kingdom on November 3, 2017 and in the United States on November 10, 2017, by 20th Century Fox. The film was released on digital HD on February 20, 2018, and on Ultra HD Blu-ray, DVD and Blu-ray on February 27, 2018.

text: "Murder on the Orient Express" received some praise for graphical improvements over its predecessor. Among the aspects of the game which received positive reactions were the game's environments. Just Adventure called the game environments "head and shoulders above "And Then There Were None"," describing the train's carriages on the Orient Express as oozing with elegance, and a faithful and accurate recreation of the 1930s. The site criticized the game for suffering graphically in later stages, but praised it overall for improving on the graphics of "And Then There Were None". Game Chronicles was less enthusiastic, calling the graphics above average, but standard fare for a current adventure game. Character models were another aspect of "Murder on the Orient Express" which received positive attention. Quandary described the character modelling as much improved from "And Then There Were None", and while still a tinge woody, "all the characters feel as if they just stepped out of the book." Adventure Gamers called the characters "some of the best seen in recent adventure games," saying that each character has a unique design and costume perfect for the game's setting. The reviewer also pointed out several small touches added to the characters, such as the main character shivering when she is outside the train in the cold weather, and also brushing lint off her clothing while waiting for the player to decide what to do next. Adventure Gamers also complimented AWE Productions for lighting effects in the game, and for creating a "very soft glow to the scenes, which give a much more lifelike look to the characters." IGN agreed that the interior of the Orient Express is quite sharp, but complained that character models lack detail and are animated awkwardly. Another complaint from IGN was that the compression used for cutscenes causes the animations to look "washed out and blocky," and that this problem continues as the cutscenes are noticeably pixelated throughout "Murder on the Orient Express".

text: "Murder on the Orient Express" was announced in May 2006, as the second installment in The Adventure Company's "Agatha Christie series". As with the game's predecessor, "And Then There Were None", "Murder on the Orient Express" was developed by AWE Productions, in collaboration with producer The Adventure Company. The production team remained largely the same, with Lee Sheldon reprising his role as Lead Designer, and Scott Nixon from AWE Productions reprising his position as Managing Director.

text: Research was a major component of the developmental stages of "Murder on the Orient Express". Most of the research was focused on Yugoslavia in 1934, the game's setting. Sheldon focused on the political and scientific situation of this era, and explained his intensive research, saying "all of the puzzles have to be contextual. They all have to either help character, help story or define period." The developers also drew influence from a train museum outside Miami with an original Pullman carriage - the same as the carriages used on the Orient Express in the 1930s. The museum also contained a locomotive similar to the one the developers were looking for. The developers ended up using the train museum, several books about the Orient Express, the 1974 film version of Christie's novel, and the internet as research resources. With "Murder on the Orient Express" being the first Poirot game produced, Sheldon was careful that the game fitted into Christie's timeline of Poirot's exploits. The television series often took liberties with the time in which stories were set, but Sheldon was determined to keep everything in strict accordance with Christie's work. There are several references in the game to Poirot's earlier cases, all of which are chronologically accurate. This was partly so that Sheldon could use the culture of specific eras of time, and also so that in the future other Poirot-based games will be chronologically accurate.

title: Stamboul Train

text: Stamboul Train (1932) is the second significant novel by Graham Greene. Set on an "Orient Express" train that ran from Ostend, Belgium, to Istanbul, Turkey, the book was renamed Orient Express when it was published in the United States. Greene in fact wrote three books before this one, but two were unsuccessful and he later disowned them, "The Name of Action" (1930) and "Rumour at Nightfall" (1932). "Stamboul Train" (1932) was Greene's first true success and it was taken on by the Book Society and in 1934 adapted as the film "Orient Express".

title: Agatha Christie

text: During the Second World War, Christie wrote two novels, Curtain and Sleeping Murder, intended as the last cases of these two great detectives, Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. Both books were sealed in a bank vault for over thirty years and were released for publication by Christie only at the end of her life, when she realised that she could not write any more novels. These publications came on the heels of the success of the film version of Murder on the Orient Express in 1974.

text: "Murder on the Orient Express" grossed $102.8 million in North America, and $250 million overseas, for a worldwide total of $352.8 million, against a production budget of $55 million.

title: Murder on the Orient Express

text: Murder on the Orient Express (1974)

title: Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)

text:
… had Dame Agatha Christie's "Murder on the Orient Express" been made into a movie 40 years ago (when it was published here as "Murder on the Calais Coach"), it would have been photographed in black-and-white on a back lot in Burbank or Culver City, with one or two stars and a dozen character actors and studio contract players. Its running time would have been around 67 minutes and it could have been a very respectable B-picture. "Murder on the Orient Express" wasn't made into a movie 40 years ago, and after you see the Sidney Lumet production that opened yesterday at the Coronet, you may be both surprised and glad it wasn't. An earlier adaptation could have interfered with plans to produce this terrifically entertaining super-valentine to a kind of whodunit that may well be one of the last fixed points in our inflationary universe."
Christie later said that this and "Witness for the Prosecution" were the only adaptations of her books that she liked.

title: Murder on the Orient Express

text: The elegant train of the 1930s, the Orient Express, is stopped by heavy snowfall, with many passengers. A murder is discovered, and Poirot's trip home to London from the Middle East is interrupted to solve the murder.

title: Murder on the Orient Express

text: Murder on the Orient Express (2017)

text: "Murder on the Orient Express " was released theatrically in the UK on 24 November 1974. The film was a success at the box office, given its tight budget of $1.4 million, earning $36 million in North America, making it the 11th highest-grossing film of 1974. Nat Cohen claimed it was the first film completely financed by a British company to make the top of the weekly US box office charts in "Variety".

title: Murder on the Orient Express

text: The US title of Murder in the Calais Coach was used to avoid confusion with the 1932 Graham Greene novel Stamboul Train which had been published in the United States as Orient Express.[6]

title: Murder on the Orient Express (2001 film)

text: Murder on the Orient Express is a 2001 made-for-television mystery film directed by Carl Schenkel based on the 1934 novel "Murder on the Orient Express" by Agatha Christie, featuring Hercule Poirot. This version is set in the present day and has a smaller cast than the novel. The screenplay was written by Stephen Harrigan and the original music score was composed by Christopher Franke.

text: "Murder on the Orient Express" is set in the year 1934. The game is initially begins in Istanbul, while the remaining majority occurs within the carriages of the Orient Express, when it is blocked by an avalanche in Yugoslavia. However, the player has some opportunities to venture outside the train into the snowy exterior environment.


query: Does the koala eat anything other than eucalyptus?

title: Koala

text: Koalas typically inhabit open eucalypt woodlands, and the leaves of these trees make up most of their diet. Because this eucalypt diet has limited nutritional and caloric content, koalas are largely sedentary and sleep up to 20 hours a day. They are asocial animals, and bonding exists only between mothers and dependent offspring. Adult males communicate with loud bellows that intimidate rivals and attract mates. Males mark their presence with secretions from scent glands located on their chests. Being marsupials, koalas give birth to underdeveloped young that crawl into their mothers' pouches, where they stay for the first six to seven months of their lives. These young koalas, known as joeys, are fully weaned around a year old. Koalas have few natural predators and parasites, but are threatened by various pathogens, such as Chlamydiaceae bacteria and the koala retrovirus, as well as by bushfires and droughts.

title: Goobang National Park

text: Species that require specialized niches and or cannot disperse and effectively colonize suitable habitat will be affected if this current trend of human induced climate change continues. It is estimated that 52% of the already declining population of frogs and 35% of birds will be affected. Koalas are listed by the IUCN as one of the top 10 species to become extinct. Koala populations are already at risk because of habitat modification and chlamydia. Increasing CO2 levels will affect the nutrient availability of eucalyptus leaves further weakening koala populations, increased frequency of droughts and bushfire will force koalas to seek new habitats, exposing them to the dangers of predation and injury from traffic.

title: The Koala

text: "The Koala" began life as a publication dedicated to publishes the scores of sports events on the campus of UCSD in 1982. The name of the paper is a reference to the eucalyptus trees that grow on the campus, the leaves of which are the sole source of food in a koala's diet. In 1985 the paper attended sanctioned student organization status.

title: Eucalyptus pilularis

text: Blackbutt can be confused with Sydney peppermint ("Eucalyptus piperita") or Sydney blue gum ("E. saligna"), but can be distinguished by the strong V-shape of the branch forks, which are preferred resting places for koalas.

title: Generalist and specialist species

text: Omnivores are usually generalists. Herbivores are often specialists, but those that eat a variety of plants may be considered generalists. A well-known example of a specialist animal is the koala, which subsists almost entirely on eucalyptus leaves. The raccoon is a generalist because it has a natural range that includes most of North and Central America, and it is omnivorous, eating berries, insects, butterflies (Hackberry Emperor, for example), eggs and small animals. Monophagous organisms feed exclusively, or nearly so, on a single other species.

title: Koala

text: The animals are vulnerable to bushfires due to their slow movements and the flammability of eucalypt trees.[101] The koala instinctively seeks refuge in the higher branches, where it is vulnerable to intense heat and flames. Bushfires also fragment the animal's habitat, which restricts their movement and leads to population decline and loss of genetic diversity.[102] Dehydration and overheating can also prove fatal.[103] Consequently, the koala is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Models of climate change in Australia predict warmer and drier climates, suggesting that the koala's range will shrink in the east and south to more mesic habitats.[104] Droughts also affect the koala's well-being. For example, a severe drought in 1980 caused many Eucalyptus trees to lose their leaves. Subsequently, 63% of the population in southwestern Queensland died, especially young animals that were excluded from prime feeding sites by older, dominant koalas, and recovery of the population was slow.[42] Later, this population declined from an estimated mean population of 59,000 in 1995 to 11,600 in 2009, a reduction attributed largely to hotter and drier conditions resulting from droughts in most years between 2002 and 2007.[105] Another predicted negative outcome of climate change is the effect of elevations in atmospheric CO 2 levels on the koala's food supply: increases in CO 2 cause Eucalyptus trees to reduce protein and increase tannin concentrations in their leaves, reducing the quality of the food source.[106]

title: Eprapah

text: With sandy ridges of low sclerophyll forest, there are also other vegetation types present of rainforest remnants, sheoak or "Casuarina" sp. forest stands, "Melaleuca" swamps, salt meadows, and mangrove stands. The site hosts one of the important food trees of the koala, Queensland's faunal emblem, is the blue gum ("Eucalyptus tereticornis"). Other species around include the scribbly gum ("Eucalyptus signata").

title: Koala

text: The modern koala is the only extant member of Phascolarctidae, a family that once included several genera and species. During the Oligocene and Miocene, koalas lived in rainforests and had less specialised diets.[15] Some species, such as the Riversleigh rainforest koala (Nimiokoala greystanesi) and some species of Perikoala, were around the same size as the modern koala, while others, such as species of Litokoala, were one-half to two-thirds its size.[16] Like the modern species, prehistoric koalas had well developed ear structures which suggests that long-distance vocalising and sedentism developed early.[15] During the Miocene, the Australian continent began drying out, leading to the decline of rainforests and the spread of open Eucalyptus woodlands. The genus Phascolarctos split from Litokoala in the late Miocene[15][17] and had several adaptations that allowed it to live on a specialised eucalyptus diet: a shifting of the palate towards the front of the skull; larger molars and premolars; smaller pterygoid fossa;[15] and a larger gap between the molar and the incisor teeth.[18]

title: Eucalyptus saligna

text: "Eucalyptus saligna" regenerates by regrowing from epicormic buds on the trunk and lower branches after bushfire. Trees live for over two hundred years. The grey-headed flying fox ("Pteropus poliocephalus") eats the flowers, the koala ("Phascalarctos cinereus") eats the leaves, and crimson rosella ("Platycercus elegans") eats the seed. The longhorn beetle species "Paroplites australis", "Agrianome spinicollis" and "Tessaromma undatum" have been recorded from the Sydney blue gum.

title: Eucalyptus robusta

text: A long-lived tree, "Eucalyptus robusta" can live for at least two hundred years. Trees regenerate by regrowing from epicormic buds on the trunk after bushfire. The grey-headed flying fox ("Pteropus poliocephalus") eats the flowers, and the koala ("Phascalarctos cinereus") eats the leaves. "Eucalyptus robusta" appears to be one of several key species of eucalypt for the koala in the Shire of Noosa in Queensland. The musk lorikeet feeds on the nectar of the blossoms. It is a keystone species on the New South Wales Central Coast and Illawarra regions, where it is one of few reliable winter-flowering plants. Stands of "E. robusta" have been drastically reduced by land clearance. Some remnant trees in Robson Park in the Sydney suburb of Haberfield are the last vestiges of the Sydney Coastal Estuary Swamp Forest Complex community in Sydney's inner western suburbs.

title: Edinburgh Zoo

text: Koala Territory was first opened in 2005, and houses three koalas, two males named Gooanroo and Toorie, and a female named Alinga. Yooranah was the offspring of Alinga and Goonaroo, and was born in 2013 and died in 2016. Toorie is the offspring of Alinga and Goonaroo, and still lives at the park today. Koala Territory is decorated with Aboriginal-inspired artwork, and features a garden of eucalyptus plants.

title: Koala

text: Koalas are herbivorous, and while most of their diet consists of eucalypt leaves, they can be found in trees of other genera, such as Acacia, Allocasuarina, Callitris, Leptospermum, and Melaleuca.[53] They are able to digest the toxins present in eucalyptus leaves due to their production of cytochrome P450, which breaks down these poisons in the liver[54][55]. Though the foliage of over 600 species of Eucalyptus is available, the koala shows a strong preference for around 30.[56] They tend to choose species that have a high protein content and low proportions of fibre and lignin.[47] The most favoured species are Eucalyptus microcorys, E.tereticornis, and E.camaldulensis, which, on average, make up more than 20% of their diet.[57] Despite its reputation as a fussy eater, the koala is more generalist than some other marsupial species, such as the greater glider. Since eucalypt leaves have a high water content, the koala does not need to drink often;[53] its daily water turnover rate ranges from 71 to 91 ml/kg of body weight. Although females can meet their water requirements from eating leaves, larger males require additional water found on the ground or in tree hollows.[47] When feeding, a koala holds onto a branch with hindpaws and one forepaw while the other forepaw grasps foliage. Small koalas can move close to the end of a branch, but larger ones stay near the thicker bases.[58] Koalas consume up to 400 grams (14oz) of leaves a day, spread over four to six feeding sessions.[59] Despite their adaptations to a low-energy lifestyle, they have meagre fat reserves and need to feed often.[60]

title: Adventures of the Little Koala

text: In 1984, the Tama Zoo in western Tokyo welcomed its first koala, and the government of Australia sent six koalas to Japan as a token of goodwill. As a result, according to "The Anime Encyclopedia" by Jonathan Clements and Helen McCarthy, Japan went into a koala frenzy and anything to do with koalas became very popular. It was during this "koala-mania" that "The Adventures of the Little Koala" was made, as was another anime on Fuji TV, Nippon Animation's "Fushigi na Koala Blinky", which would later be broadcast alongside "Little Koala" on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block in 1988, as "Noozles".

title: Giant koala

text: The giant koala was an arboreal marsupial weighing about 13 kg, a little more than modern koalas. It is the largest known tree dwelling marsupial ever to have lived. Scientists say there is a clear similarity between the physical appearance of "P. stirtoni" and the modern koala. It is assumed that the giant koala was a folivore which was specialised to feed on eucalyptus leaves, like its extant relative.

title: Eucalyptus viminalis

text: "Eucalyptus viminalis" is widely distributed in the cooler areas of Australia where the leaves are the favoured food of koalas. Sap has a 5–15% sugar content which makes it an essential part of the energy budget for arboreal or tree dwelling marsupial mammals like yellow-bellied, sugar and other gliders. Koalas reintroduced to Kangaroo Island impact on native "E. viminalis" and is part of a A$4,000,000 management project from 2005-9.

title: Dallas Zoo

text: Koala Walkabout opened on March 10, 2012, in the Australian Outback area. It features koalas, red kangaroos, wallabies, kookaburras, a blue-tongued skink, and lorikeets. The koalas, Kobi and Tekin, are two males on loan from the San Diego Zoo. Kobi and Tekin spend most of their time dozing in a eucalyptus tree within their climate-controlled exhibit. The zoo is currently one of only ten in the nation to exhibit koalas. This exhibit has since closed.

title: Eucalyptus microcorys

text: It is one of the species whose leaves are used for food by koalas. It flowers most years, something that is unusual amongst the Eucalypts it does not yield nectar or pollen in quantities that are useful for beekeepers.

title: Eucalyptus agglomerata

text: Blue-leaved stringybark is a koala food tree. A field study conducted in the Campbelltown district southwest of Sydney published in 2000 found that koalas preferred Blue-leaved Stringybark and Grey Gum but only when the two tree species were growing on shale-based rather than sandstone soils. Stringybarks are some of the most difficult of all eucalyptus plants to identify. However, the bluish colour of the leaves makes this species fairly easy to identify.

title: Eucalyptus punctata

text:
The grey gum regenerates by regrowing from the base and branches after bushfire. Trees live for over a hundred years. The grey-headed flying fox ("Pteropus poliocephalus") eats the flowers, while the leaves form a staple of the diet of the koala ("Phascolarctos cinereus"). Leaves in winter contain less nitrogen than those in summer, which the koalas make up for by eating more in winter months. The brown-headed honeyeater ("Melithreptus brevirostris") and yellow-tufted honeyeater ("Lichenostomus melanops") have been observed eating gum exudate from the stems.
Fieldwork at several sites around central New South Wales showed that the red wattlebird ("Anthochaera carunculata") and noisy friarbird ("Philemon corniculatus") preferred to forage on the foliage of the grey gum over other trees, with the former appearing to oust the latter if both species were present.

title: Eucalyptus propinqua

text: It can grow to 50 metres in height, though is mostly seen between 20 and 30 metres tall. Growing north from Wyong in New South Wales up to south east Queensland, in high rainfall areas, prone to fire. Leaves eaten by koalas. Yellow-bellied gliders eat the sap of the Grey Gum.

title: Eucalyptus

text: An essential oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves contains compounds that are powerful natural disinfectants and can be toxic in large quantities. Several marsupial herbivores, notably koalas and some possums, are relatively tolerant of it. The close correlation of these oils with other more potent toxins called formylated phloroglucinol compounds (euglobals, macrocarpals and sideroxylonals) allows koalas and other marsupial species to make food choices based on the smell of the leaves. For koalas, these compounds are the most important factor in leaf choice.

title: Australian Koala Foundation

text: The koala lives predominantly on a diet of eucalyptus plants. Many of these trees are being cleared each year. The primary focus of the AKF is getting new legislation in place to protect Koala trees. The organisation receives no form of government funding by choice, because this leaves the AKF to speak freely for Koalas without the constraints of government. Therefore, the AKF relies on donations, sponsorship, and fundraising to finance its ongoing work. AKF research indicates that somewhere between 52,000 and 87,000 koalas remain in the wild. Local extinctions are occurring regularly, and AKF believes that the only way to protect and regenerate populations into the future is with a Koala Protection Act.

title: Fauna of Australia

text: Herbivorous marsupials are classified in the order Diprotodontia, and further into the suborders Vombatiformes and Phalangerida. The Vombatiformes include the koala and the three species of wombat. One of Australia's best-known marsupials, the koala is an arboreal species that feeds on the leaves of various species of eucalyptus. Wombats, on the other hand, live on the ground and feed on grasses, sedges and roots. Wombats use their rodent-like front teeth and powerful claws to dig extensive burrow systems; they are mainly crepuscular and nocturnal.

title: Australian Koala Foundation

text: More than 40,000 km² of land has been mapped for the Koala Habitat Atlas. Unlike other mapping projects, the Atlas does not merely pinpoint the location of individuals in the species. It displays the occurrence of suitable koala habitat (even if there are no koalas there at present) that can be 'restocked' in future if necessary. More than 1,000 sites were identified in South East Queensland alone.

title: Loders Creek

text: Although degraded by the removal of native vegetation along its length for flood control, the creek does contain areas of freshwater and tidal wetlands, with some dry eucalyptus forest in the catchment. Wildlife includes native species such as bandicoots, koala, and lace monitor.

title: Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary

text: Visitors are allowed to hold koalas for a fee. Strict regulations ensure that each koala is not held for more than thirty minutes every day. Fees paid for souvenir photos help fund new enclosures, research projects and eucalyptus plantations.

title: Eucalyptus botryoides

text:
"Eucalyptus botryoides" regenerates after bushfire by resprouting from epicormic buds and its woody lignotuber. Plants have been dated at 600 years of age. It also drops branches, and these have been known to grow roots. The wet environment and water-absorbing qualities of the thick, fibrous bark facilitate this.
The koala ("Phascalarctos cinereus") eats the leaves, and ants consume the nectar. The species is highly susceptible to psyllids.

title: Noozles

text: In 1984, the Tama Zoo in western Tokyo welcomed its first koala, and the government of Australia sent six koalas to Japan as a token of goodwill. As a result, according to "The Anime Encyclopedia" by Jonathan Clements and Helen McCarthy, Japan went into a koala frenzy and anything to do with koalas became very popular. It was during this "koala-mania" that the Noozles was made, as was another anime, コアラボーイ コッキィ("Koala Boy Kokki"), which would later be broadcast alongside "Noozles" on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block in 1988, as "Adventures of the Little Koala".

title: Common brushtail possum

text: The common brushtail possum can adapt to numerous kinds of vegetation. It prefers "Eucalyptus" leaves but will also eat flowers, shoots, fruits and seeds. It may also consume animal matter such as insects, birds' eggs and chicks, and other small vertebrates. Brushtail possums may eat three or four different plant species during a foraging trip, unlike some other arboreal marsupials, such as the koala and the greater glider, which focus on single species. The brushtail possum's rounded molars cannot cut "Eucalyptus" leaves as finely as more specialised feeders. They are more adapted to crushing their food which enables them to chew fruit or herbs more effectively. The brushtail possums' caecum lacks internal ridges and cannot separate coarse and fine particles as efficiently as some other arboreal marsupials. The brushtail possum cannot rely on "Eucalyptus" alone to provide sufficient nitrogen. Its more generalised and mixed diet, however, does provide adequate nitrogen.

title: Stankervision

text: "Stankervision" also features some cartoons, but in "Stankervision" style. One regular such cartoon is about the adventures of "Inebriated the Koala", which was created by Waco O'Guin in 1993 and is introduced as "everyone's favorite eucalyptus-eating marsupial", to which the koala replies "Eucalyptus? You can lick THIS!" as he points to his crotch.

title: Koala

text: Unlike kangaroos and eucalyptus-eating possums, koalas are hindgut fermenters, and their digestive retention can last for up to 100 hours in the wild, or up to 200 hours in captivity.[45] This is made possible by the extraordinary length of their caecum—200cm (80in) long and 10cm (4in) in diameter—the largest proportionally of any animal.[49] Koalas can select which food particles to retain for longer fermentation and which to pass through. Large particles typically pass through more quickly, as they would take more time to digest.[45] While the hindgut is proportionally larger in the koala than in other herbivores, only 10% of the animal's energy is obtained from fermentation. Since the koala gains a low amount of energy from its diet, its metabolic rate is half that of a typical mammal,[44] although this can vary between seasons and sexes.[45] The koala conserves water by passing relatively dry faecal pellets high in undigested fibre, and by storing water in the caecum.[47]