query: How large is the island of Lesbos?

title: Lesbos

text: Lesbos (/ˈlɛzbɒs/, US: /ˈlɛzboʊs/; Greek: Λέσβος Lesbos, pronounced[ˈlezvos]) is an island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of 1,633km2 (631sqmi)[1] with 320 kilometres (199 miles) of coastline, making it the third largest island in Greece. It is separated from Turkey by the narrow Mytilini Strait and in late Palaeolithic/Mesolithic times[2] was joined to the Anatolian mainland before the end of the last glacial period.

title: Sigri (village)

text: This is the dry end of the island of Lesbos fairly lacking in vegetation and agriculture. Its beaches have the most sand of all of Lesbos, contrasting with the rockier and pebble beaches to the east. This area is sparsely populated and only frequented by a small number of tourists. It is quite windy relative to east Lesbos, but has not yet been discovered by wind surfers. The sea is not that safe, although within the large bays the waves and currents are gentle.

title: Gera, Lesbos

text: Gera or Yera () is a town on the Aegean island of Lesbos in Greece. It once stood as one of the largest ports of the island. According to scholars the ancient name may have been Portus Hieraeus; Pliny the Elder mentions a Lesbian city called Hiera, which was abandoned before his time.

title: Agia Marina, Lesbos

text: Agia Marina () is village on the island of Lesbos, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality of Lesbos, of which it is a municipal unit.

title: Agia Paraskevi, Lesbos

text: Agia Paraskevi (, also "Ayia Paraskevi") is a village and a former municipality on the island of Lesbos, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lesbos, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located in the central part of the island, on the northeast shore of the Bay of Kalloni

title: George the Standard-Bearer

text: George was born in c. 776 into a wealthy family on the coast of Anatolia, opposite the island of Lesbos. Following his parents' death, George donated his inheritance to the poor and, at age eighteen, became a monk at a local monastery, where he resided for two years. He later moved to the island of Lesbos and became an ascetic. George gained renown for his piety and after the death of the bishop of the island, was chosen by the people of Lesbos to succeed him, and was ordained Archbishop of Mytilene in 804.

title: Mytilene

text: Mytilene ( "" ) is a city founded in the 11th century BC. Mytilene is the capital city and port of the island of Lesbos and also the capital of the North Aegean Region. The seat of the governor of the North Aegean Region is Mytilene. Mytilene is also one of 13 municipalities (counties) on the island of Lesbos. Mytilene is built on the southeast edge of the island. It is also the seat of a metropolitan bishop of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

title: Ottoman conquest of Lesbos

text: In the mid-14th century, the Gattilusio family had established an autonomous lordship under Byzantine suzerainty on Lesbos. By 1453, the Gattilusio domains had come to include most of the islands in the northeastern Aegean. In the aftermath of the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, however, Mehmed II began reducing the Gattilusio holdings. By the end of 1456, only Lesbos remained in Gattilusio hands, in exchange for an annual tribute to the Sultan. In 1458 Niccolò Gattilusio seized control of the island from his brother, and began preparing for an eventual Ottoman attack. Despite his appeals, however, no help was forthcoming from other Western powers. Mehmed II began his campaign against Lesbos in August 1462, and the Ottomans landed on the island on 1 September. After a few days of skirmishing, the Ottomans brought up their artillery and began bombarding the Castle of Mytilene. By the eighth day, the Ottomans had captured the harbour fortifications, and two days later, they seized the lower town of Melanoudion. At this point, panic set in among the defenders, and their will to continue resisting collapsed. Niccolò Gattilusio surrendered the castle and the rest of the island on 15 September, on promises of receiving estates of equivalent value. In the event, he was taken to Constantinople, where he was soon strangled. Despite promises, many of the defenders were executed, and a large part of the inhabitants were carried off as slaves, as servants in the Sultan's palace, or to help repopulate Constantinople. Ottoman rule on Lesbos lasted, with minor interruptions, until 1912.

title: Petra, Lesbos

text: Petra (Greek: Πέτρα meaning rock) is a former municipality on the island of Lesbos, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lesbos, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located at the northwest of Lesbos and comprises the villages Petra, Skoutaros, Stypsi, Lafionas, Ypsilometopo and the settlements Petri and Anaxos.

title: Lesbos

text: The island is forested and mountainous with two large peaks, Mt. Lepetymnos at 968m (3,176ft) and Mt. Olympus at 967m (3,173ft), dominating its northern and central sections.[4] The island's volcanic origin is manifested in several hot springs and the two gulfs.

title: Lesbian

text: In Algernon Charles Swinburne's 1866 poem "Sapphics", the term "lesbian" appears twice but capitalized both times after twice mentioning the island of Lesbos, and so could be construed to mean 'from the island of Lesbos'. In 1875, George Saintsbury, in writing about Baudelaire's poetry refers to his "Lesbian studies" in which he includes his poem about "the passion of Delphine" which is a poem simply about love between two women which does not mention the island of Lesbos, though the other poem alluded to, entitled "Lesbos", does. "Lesbianism", to describe erotic relationships between women, had been documented in 1870. In 1890, the term "lesbian" was used in a medical dictionary as an adjective to describe tribadism (as "lesbian love"). The terms "lesbian", "invert" and "homosexual" were interchangeable with "sapphist" and "sapphism" around the turn of the 20th century. The use of "lesbian" in medical literature became prominent; by 1925, the word was recorded as a noun to mean the female equivalent of a sodomite.

title: Moira (album)

text: While a blinded Misia ends up on the island of Lesbos and taken under the sibyl Sophia ("The Island of Holy Poets - Lesbos"), Elef becomes an apprentice to the blind poet Milos, joining him in his travels until they come upon the ruins of the youth's home. Milos then releases Elef from his service and advises him to go to Lesbos where "an old friend" resides who could ease his heart ("Towards the Other Side of the Distant Horizon - Horizontas").

title: 2017 Lesbos earthquake

text: The 2017 Lesbos earthquake occurred at 12:28:39 UTC on 12 June. The earthquake's epicentre was 5 km south of Plomari on the Greek island of Lesbos off the Aegean coast of Turkey. It had a magnitude of 6.3 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of IX ("Violent") on the Mercalli intensity scale. Extensive damage was caused on parts of southern Lesbos, where there was one fatality and 10 people were injured. The earthquake was also felt in Turkey but no significant damage or injuries were reported.

title: List of settlements in Lesbos

text: This is a list of settlements in the island of Lesbos in Greece:

title: Epopeus of Lesbos

text: In Roman mythology, Epopeus (; 'all-seer', derived from "epopao" "to look out", "observe", from "epi" "over" and "ops" "eye"), was a king of Lesbos (the large island in the Aegean Sea opposite the coast of Asia Minor) who committed incest with his daughter Nyctimene.

title: North Aegean

text: Until the Kallikratis reform, the region consisted of the three prefectures of Samos, Chios and Lesbos. Since 1 January 2011 it is divided into five regional units, formed around: Chios, Ikaria, Lemnos, Lesbos and Samos. The total number of islands in the North Aegean region are nine: Lesbos, Chios, Psara, Oinousses, Ikaria, Fournoi Korseon, Lemnos, Agios Efstratios and Samos.

title: Sigri (village)

text: Sigri is a small fishing village near the western tip of Lesbos Island. Its name derives through Greek σίγουρος from the Venetian word "siguro", meaning "safe", based on the fact that it has a safe harbour. Sigri has a Turkish castle, built in 1746 during the Ottoman occupation, which looks over the bay and the long island of Nissiopi, which stretches across the mouth of the bay and acts as a buffer to the prevailing winds. The port of Sigri is able to accommodate large vessels, even cruise ship-size ferry boats coming from the mainline. Almost all shipping to Lesbos, however, comes into the east of the island.

title: Lesbos

text: Lesbos is also the name of a regional unit of the North Aegean region, within which Lesbos island is one of five governing islands. The others are Chios, Ikaria, Lemnos, and Samos. The North Aegean region governs nine inhabited islands: Lesbos, Chios, Psara, Oinousses, Ikaria, Fournoi Korseon, Lemnos, Agios Efstratios and Samos. The capital of the North Aegean Region is Mytilene. The population of Lesbos is approximately 86,000, a third of whom live in its capital, Mytilene, in the southeastern part of the island. The remaining population is distributed in small towns and villages. The largest are Plomari, Kalloni, the Gera Villages, Agiassos, Eresos, and Molyvos (the ancient Mythimna).

title: Lesbos

text: The "gay" connotation of the term is considered offensive to many Lesbos islanders to such a degree that, in 2008, a group of Lesbos islanders litigated unsuccessfully a court case against the LGBT community of Greece. The islander group had requested a legal injunction to ban groups from using the word lesbian in their names, which the petitioners claim violated their human rights as it is "insulting" and disgraces them around the world.[17][18]

title: Petrified forest of Lesbos

text: It has been designated as a protected natural monument. The petrified forest of Lesbos was formed from the fossilized remains of plants, which can be found in many localities on the western part of Lesbos Island. The area enclosed by the villages of Eressos, Antissa and Sigri is very dense in fossilized tree trunks and forms the Petrified Forest of Lesbos, which is managed by the Natural History Museum of the Lesvos Petrified Forest. Isolated plant fossils can be found in many other parts of the island, including the villages of Molyvos, Polichnitos, Plomari and Akrasi.

title: Gera, Lesbos

text: The 1st-century Roman historian and naturalist Pliny the Elder recorded the existence of an ancient city on Lesbos known as Hiera. Scholars argue that the name is derived from the Greek goddess Hera, and there is evidence that the island of Lesbos followed the cult of Hera during the time of Sappho around the 7th century B.C.

title: Ottoman conquest of Lesbos

text: The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 to the young and ambitious Ottoman sultan Mehmed II was a turning point for the wider region. The Gattilusi took advantage of the event to seize the island of Lemnos, but the Sultan now demanded of the rulers of Lesbos an annual tribute of 3,000 gold coins, and a further 2,325 gold coins for Lemnos. The position of vassalage was confirmed in 1455, when an Ottoman fleet under Hamza Bey toured the islands of the eastern Aegean: Domenico Gattilusio, the ruler of Lesbos, sent his Greek secretary, the historian Doukas, to meet the fleet with rich gifts and protestations of friendship and devotion. Domenico had recently succeeded his father; when he sent Doukas to the Sultan with the usual tribute shortly after Hamza's visit, Doukas was met with the demand that Domenico himself come before Mehmed to have his succession confirmed. Domenico complied, but was forced to cede Thasos, accept an increase in the tribute for Lesbos to 4,000 gold coins, and undertake to pursue the Catalan pirates that infested the Anatolian shore opposite Lesbos.

title: Lesbian wine

text: In the beginning of the 19th century the spread of phylloxera to Lesbos as well as the island's specialization in ouzo led to the stagnation of Lesbian wine production. After this point in time, wine was only privately produced on the island by farmers, until 1997, when Methymnaeos, the first winery producing bottled wine in the history of Lesbos, began operations in the village of Chidira. Methymnaeos solely produces organic wine made exclusively from the revived "Chidiriotiko" grape variety of the island. This variety, saved from extinction by phylloxera because of its use by the winery, is cultivated on the sulfuric lava which formed the Petrified Forest of Lesbos. This soil favors organic farming. The resulting organic wine has a rather distinct taste, characteristic of modern Lesbos Wine and attributable both to the unique Chidiriotiko grape variety of the island and to the terroir where it is grown.

title: Lesbos Prefecture

text: Lesbos Prefecture () was one of the prefectures of Greece. It comprised three main islands: Lesbos itself, Lemnos, and the smaller island of Agios Efstratios. Its capital was the town of Mytilene, on Lesbos. In 2011 the prefecture was abolished and the territory was divided between the regional units of Lesbos and Lemnos."Note:" Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece.

title: Lesbos

text: Lesbos is a separate regional unit of the North Aegean region, and the only municipality of the regional unit. As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the regional unit Lesbos was created out of part of the former Lesbos Prefecture. At the same reform, the current municipality of Lesbos was created out of the 13 former municipalities on the island:[14]

title: Plomari

text: Plomari () is a town and a former municipality on the island of Lesbos, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lesbos, of which it is a municipal unit. It is the only sizable coastal settlement in the south, and the second largest town on Lesbos. The municipal unit of Plomari is the southernmost on Lesbos island and has a land area of 122.452 km² and a 2011 census population of 5,602. Its largest towns or villages are Plomári, the former municipal seat (pop. 2,996), Plagiá (529), Palaiochóri (314), Megalochóri (325), and Akrási (214).

title: Agios Isidoros, Lesbos

text: Agios Isidoros () is a village in the municipal unit of Plomari, Lesbos Island, Greece. It is located just one kilometer outside the town of Plomari, South Lesbos. It has a pebbled beach which is one of the longest in Lesbos and voted as the 7th best beach in Greece due to the safety provided, the clean water and care for the environment.

title: Lesbian wine

text: Lesbos wine is wine made on the Greek island of Lesbos in the Aegean Sea. The island has a long history of winemaking dating back to at least the 7th century BC when it was mentioned in the works of Homer. During this time the area competed with the wines of Chios for the Greek market. An apocryphal account details one of the brothers of the poet Sappho as a merchant trading Lesbos wine with the Greek colony of Naucratis in Egypt. The most noted Lesbos wine was known as "Pramnian" which draws similarities today to the Hungarian wine Eszencia. The popularity of Lesbos wine continued into Roman times where it was highly valued along with other Aegean wines of Chios, Thasos and Kos.

title: Macareus of Rhodes

text: Macareus fled to Lesbos, where he became king, and took over many of the neighboring islands. Lesbos, son of Lapithes and grandson of Aeolus, after whom the island came to be named, married Macareus' daughter, Methymna (eponym of Methymna, a city at Lesbos); alternately, Methymna married Lepetymnus, eponym of a mountain on Lesbos, and had by him two sons, Hicetaon and Hypsipylus, who were slain by Achilles during the sack of the city of Methymna. Among Macareus' other daughters were Mytilene, Agamede, Antissa, and Arisbe, all eponyms of cities at Lesbos. His sons were entrusted by him the leadership of the colonies he founded on the neighbouring islands: Cydrolaus was sent to Samos, Neandrus to Cos, Leucippus to Rhodes (where the colonists mixed with the local population), and an unnamed son to Chios. Yet another son of Macareus, Eresus, gave his name to a town on Lesbos (modern Eresos).

title: Lesbos

text: Lesbos is verdant, aptly named Emerald Island, with a greater variety of flora than expected for the island's size. Eleven million olive trees cover 40% of the island together with other fruit trees. Forests of mediterranean pines, chestnut trees and some oaks occupy 20%, and the remainder is scrub, grassland or urban.


query: Where was Max Rudolf Frisch born?

title: Max Frisch

text: Frisch was born in 1911 in Zürich, the second son of Franz Bruno Frisch, an architect, and Karolina Bettina Frisch (née Wildermuth).[2] He had a half-sister, Emma (1899–1972), his father's daughter by a previous marriage, and a brother, Franz, eight years his senior (1903–1978). The family lived modestly, their financial situation deteriorating after the father lost his job during the First World War. Frisch had an emotionally distant relationship with his father, but was close to his mother. While at secondary school Frisch started to write drama, but failed to get his work performed and he subsequently destroyed his first literary works. While he was at school he met Werner Coninx (1911–1980), who later became a successful artist and collector. The two men formed a lifelong friendship.

title: Max Frisch

text: In the 1960s, by publicly challenging some contradictions and settled assumptions, both Frisch und Dürrenmatt contributed to a major revision in Switzerland's view if itself and of its history. In 1974 Frisch published his Little service book (Dienstbüchlein), and from this time – possibly from earlier – Frisch became a powerfully divisive figure in Switzerland, where in some quarters his criticisms were vigorously rejected. For aspiring writers seeking a role model, most young authors preferred Frisch over Dürrenmatt as a source of instruction and enlightenment, according to Janos Szábo. In the 1960s Frisch inspired a generation of younger writers including Peter Bichsel, Jörg Steiner, Otto F. Walter, and Adolf Muschg. More than a generation after that, in 1998, when it was the turn of Swiss literature to be the special focus[86] at the Frankfurt Book Fair, the literary commentator Andreas Isenschmid identified some leading Swiss writers from his own (baby-boomer) generation such as Ruth Schweikert, Daniel de Roulet and Silvio Huonder in whose works he had found "a curiously familiar old tone, resonating from all directions, and often almost page by page, uncanny echoes from Max Frisch's Stiller.[87][88][89]

title: Max Frisch

text: In April 1974, while on a book tour in the USA, Frisch launched into an affair with an American called Alice Locke-Carey who was 32 years his junior. This happened in the village of Montauk on Long Island, and Montauk was the title the author gave to an autobiographical novel that appeared in 1975. The book centred on his love life, including both his own marriage with Marianne Oellers-Frisch and an affair that she had been having with the American writer Donald Barthelme. There followed a very public dispute between Frisch and his wife over where to draw the line between private and public life, and the two became increasingly estranged, divorcing in 1979.

title: Franz Rudolf Frisching

text: Franz Rudolf Frisching (1733–1807) was a Bernese patrician, officer, politician and industrialist.

title: Franz Rudolf Frisching

text: Franz Rudolf Frisching was the son of Vinzenz Frisching (1689–1764) who was Master of Schlosswil. In 1748 Franz Rudolf Frisching became a member of the Swiss Guard of the Netherlands where he achieved the rank of a colonel. In 1764 Frisching became a member of the Grand Council of Bern. In 1770 he became bailiff in the Vallemaggia, in 1780 bailiff in St. Johannsen and in 1793 office holder in Wimmis. He was lieutenant colonel of the Bernese Jäger Corps.

title: Max Frisch

text: Frisch himself acknowledged that the part of writing a new play that most fascinated him was the first draft, when the piece was undefined, and the possibilities for its development were still wide open. The critic Hellmuth Karasek identified in Frisch's plays a mistrust of dramatic structure, apparent from the way in which Don Juan or the Love of Geometry applies theatrical method. Frisch prioritized the unbelievable aspects of theatre and valued transparency. Unlike his friend, the dramatist Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Frisch had little appetite for theatrical effects, which might distract from doubts and sceptical insights included in a script. For Frisch, effects came from a character being lost for words, from a moment of silence, or from a misunderstanding. And where a Dürrenmatt drama might lead, with ghastly inevitability, to a worst possible outcome, the dénouement in a Frisch play typically involved a return to the starting position: the destiny that awaited his protagonist might be to have no destiny.[40]

title: Max Frisch bibliography

text: This is a bibliography of works by Max Frisch.

title: Max Frisch

text: The scholar Hans Mayer likened them to the mythical half-twins, Castor and Pollux, as two dialectically linked "antagonists".[83] The close friendship of their early careers was later overshadowed by personal differences. In 1986 Dürrenmatt took the opportunity of Frisch's 75th birthday to try and effect a reconciliation with a letter, but the letter went unanswered.[84][85] In their approaches the two were very different. The literary journalist Heinz Ludwig Arnold quipped that Dürrenmatt, despite all his narrative work, was born to be a dramatist, while Frisch, his theatre successes notwithstanding, was born to be a writer of narratives.

title: Max Frisch

text: Max Rudolf Frisch (15 May 1911 – 4 April 1991) was a Swiss playwright and novelist. Frisch's works focused on problems of identity, individuality, responsibility, morality, and political commitment.[1] The use of irony is a significant feature of his post-war output. Frisch was one of the founders of Gruppe Olten. He was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1986.

title: Max Frisch Archive

text: The Max Frisch Archive is an independent research institution that belongs to the Max Frisch Foundation and is based at ETH Library. It curates the literary legacy of Swiss author Max Frisch and is available for academic, journalistic and artistic research.

title: Volker Weidermann

text: Weidermann marked the 100th anniversary of the birth of Max Frisch with a critical new biography, published in 2010, entitled "Max Frisch. Sein Leben, seine Bücher ("Max Frisch: His life and his books")".

title: Max Rudolf (rower)

text: Max Rudolf (born 12 February 1891, date of death unknown) was a Swiss rower who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.

title: Franz Rudolf Frisching

text: Between 1750 and 1777 the Frisching family was in the possession of the large "Lorraine Gut," a former country estate which is now part of the city of Bern. Franz Rudolf Frisching’s ancestor, Samuel Frisching (II), built the Frisching-Haus, now known as the Béatrice-von-Wattenwyl-Haus on the Junkerngasse in Bern.

title: Max Frisch

text: Jürgen H. Petersen reckons that Frisch's stage work had little influence on other dramatists. And his own preferred form of the "literary diary" failed to create a new trend in literary genres. By contrast, the novels I'm Not Stiller and Gantenbein have been widely taken up as literary models, both because of the way they home in on questions of individual identity and on account of their literary structures. Issues of personal identity are presented not simply through description or interior insights, but through narrative contrivances. This stylistic influence can be found frequently in the works of others, such as Christa Wolf's The Quest for Christa T. and in Ingeborg Bachmann's Malina. Other similarly influenced authors are Peter Härtling and Dieter Kühn. Frisch also found himself featuring as a character in the literature of others. That was the case in 1983 with Wolfgang Hildesheimer's Message to Max [Frisch] about the state of things and other matters (Mitteilungen an Max über den Stand der Dinge und anderes). By then Uwe Johnson had already, in 1975, produced a compilation of quotations which he called "The collected sayings of Max Frisch" ("Max Frisch Stich-Worte zusammen").[96] More recently, in 2007, the Zürich–born artist Gottfried Honegger published eleven portrait-sketches and fourteen texts in memory of his friend.[97]

title: Frisching Faience Manufactory

text: The manufactory was founded by Franz Rudolf Frisching and his brothers Gabriel Friedrich (1731–1789) and Karl Albrecht (1734–1801) on the grounds of Franz Rudolf Frisching’s country estate, the "Lorraine Gut," outside the Old City of Bern. The manufactory specialised in faience stoves. Because of protectionism the manufactory could not sell one faience stove in the city of Bern. However, the faience stoves of the Frisching Faience Manufactory were very popular with the patricians of Basel and the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

title: Otto Robert Frisch

text: In mid-1939 Frisch left Denmark for what he anticipated would be a short trip to Birmingham, but the outbreak of World War II precluded his return. With war on his mind, he and the physicist Rudolf Peierls produced the Frisch–Peierls memorandum at the University of Birmingham, which was the first document to set out a process by which an atomic explosion could be generated. Their process would use separated uranium-235, which would require a fairly small critical mass and could be made to achieve criticality using conventional explosives to create an immensely powerful detonation. The memorandum went on to predict the effects of such an explosion—from the initial blast to the resulting fallout. This memorandum was the basis of British work on building an atomic device (the Tube Alloys project) and also that of the Manhattan Project on which Frisch worked as part of the British delegation. Frisch and Rudolf Peierls worked together in the Physics Department at the University of Birmingham 1939–40. He went to America in 1943 having been hurriedly made a British citizen.

title: Franz Rudolf Frisching

text: Franz Rudolf Frisching was the founder of the Frisching Faience Manufactory in Bern.

title: Max Frisch Archive

text:
The literary legacy of Max Frisch makes up the core of the holdings. These include his letters and notebooks, manuscripts and typescripts, plans and business documents from his time as an architect, as well as various personal documents. An extensive collection of newspaper and magazine articles, photographs, film recordings, theatre posters and programmes documents the international resonance and reception of his work. Hence, the Max Frisch Archive serves as a main source for literary studies and commentaries in the field. French literary scholar Ruth Vogel-Klein wrote for instance about "Montauk": "The writing process can be reconstructed because Frisch gave his various typescript versions to the Max Frisch Archive that he founded in Zurich in 1981."
(Status: 1 January 2017)

title: Max Frisch

text: In the 1930/31 academic year Frisch enrolled at the University of Zurich to study German literature and linguistics. There he met professors who gave him contact with the worlds of publishing and journalism. At this time, Frisch was influenced by Robert Faesi (1883–1972) and Theophil Spoerri (1890–1974), both writers and professors at the university. Frisch had hoped the university would provide him with the practical underpinnings for a career as a writer, but became convinced that university studies would not provide this.[3] In 1932, when financial pressure on the family intensified, Frisch abandoned his studies. In 1936 Max Frisch studies architecture at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), [Federal Institute of Technology], Zurich and graduates in 1940 and in 1942 he sets up his own architecture business

title: Max Frisch

text: The 100th anniversary of Frisch's birth took place in 2011 and was marked by an exhibition in his home city of Zürich. The occasion was also celebrated by an exhibition at the Munich Literature Centre which carried the suitably enigmatic tagline, "Max Frisch. Heimweh nach der Fremde" and another exhibition at the Museo Onsernonese in Loco, close to the Ticinese cottage to which Frisch regularly retreated over several decades.

title: Max Frisch

text: Buclin, Hadrien. Surmonter le passé?: les intellectuels de gauche et le débat des années soixante sur la deuxième guerre mondiale, in: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Geschichte, 2013/2, S. 233–249. Butler, Michael (1976) The Novels of Max Frisch (London) Butler, Michael (1985) The Plays of Max Frisch (London) Butler, Michael (1994) Andorra, Grant and Cutler Study Guide, 2nd edition, London Kieser, Rolf, ed. (1989) Max Frisch: Novels, Plays, Essays, The German Library Series, Continuum, New York.

title: Max Frisch

text: The City of Zürich introduced the Max-Frisch-Preis in 1998 to celebrate the author's memory. The prize is awarded every four years and comes with a CHF 50,000 payment to the winner.

title: Max Frisch

text: In 1978, Frisch survived serious health problems, and the next year was actively involved in setting up the Max Frisch Foundation (Max-Frisch-Stiftung), established in October 1979, and to which he entrusted the administration of his estate. The foundation's archive is kept at the ETH Zurich, and has been publicly accessible since 1983.

title: Max Frisch Archive

text:
The composition of the Board of Trustees continues to follow Frisch's specifications. The committee must include at least one author and one literary scholar, along with the publisher of the works of Max Frisch and one family representative:
The Max Frisch Foundation's Board of Trustees also makes up the judging panel for the Max Frisch Prize, which is awarded by the City of Zurich every four years and carries CHF 50,000 in prize money.

title: Albin Zollinger

text:
His preferred place to write was in the Zürich's cafés, where he travelled from Oerlikon by tram after school. During the 1930s, his little marble table at the Café "Terrasse" achieved some local fame. There he met other Zürich writers, e.g. professor of literature Fritz Ernst, literary reviewer Bernhard Diebold, his friend Traugott Vogel or Rudolf Jakob Humm.
Three weeks before his death at the age of 46, Zollinger met the young Max Frisch on the Pfannenstiel. Frisch mentioned the meeting in his diary (“Tagebuch 1946-1949“).

title: Hartvig Marcus Frisch (1754–1816)

text: Frisch married Dorothea (Dorthe) Tutein (1764–1814), a daughter of merchant and textile manufacturer Peter Tutein and Pauline Maria Tutein, on 10 January 1783 in Frederick's German Church. They had the children Theodor Frisch (born 1787), Emil Frisch (born 1790), Henriette Pauline Frisch (born c. 1787), Sophie Frederikke Frisch (born 1796)and Constantin Frisch (bprm 1793.

title: Max Frisch

text: At the end of 1955 Frisch started work on his novel, Homo Faber which would be published in 1957. It concerns an engineer who views life through a "technical" ultra-rational prism. Homo Faber was chosen as a study text for the schools and became the most read of Frisch's books. The book involves a journey which mirrors a trip that Frisch himself undertook to Italy in 1956, and subsequently to America (his second visit, this time also taking in Mexico and Cuba). The following year Frisch visited Greece which is where the latter part of Homo Faber unfolds.

title: Frisch–Peierls memorandum

text: The Frisch–Peierls memorandum was the first technical exposition of a practical nuclear weapon. It was written by expatriate German physicists Otto Frisch and Rudolf Peierls in March 1940 while they were both working for Mark Oliphant at the University of Birmingham in Britain during World War II.

title: Max Frisch Archive

text: The Max Frisch Archive was preceded by the launch of the Max Frisch Foundation in 1979. Together with his publisher Siegfried Unseld and the other members of the Board of Trustees (Peter Bichsel, Adolf Muschg and Peter von Matt), Frisch decided to "create a Max Frisch Archive to be located in Switzerland as a place of research". After the author’s death, the Foundation was to take over “the administration of his literary legacy with all the rights and responsibilities”.

title: Gertrud Frisch-von Meyenburg

text: Gertrud Anna Constance ("Trudy") Frisch-von Meyenburg (1916–2009) was a Swiss architect and the first wife of the writer Max Frisch.


query: Does the character Sentinel Prime appear in any Transformers films?

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Sentinel Prime (sometimes formerly called Sentinel Major and Infinitus) is an Autobot leader from the Generation 1 continuity family. Sentinel Prime is an imposing figure, standing head and shoulders over the average Autobot. Bristling with some of the most heavy-duty weapons and armor available to the Autobot army has instilled in Sentinel Prime a supreme confidence in his own abilities as both a leader and a fighter. Unfortunately such pride usually precedes a fall, and there will always be someone out there keen to prove a point, or who merely sees Sentinel Prime as an obstacle on the path to a bigger destiny. Sentinel Prime is often portrayed as Optimus Prime's immediate predecessor as Autobot leader.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Sentinel Prime appears in the Transformers: Legends: The War Within video game series. As Megatron's forces made their way to activate Cybertron's planetary engines in order to wipe out the Autobots, Sentinel Prime went to meet with the Decepticon leader in Tyrest, believing Megatron could be reasoned with. Instead Megatron ambushed Sentinel Prime's group and slew the Prime. Sadly for Megatron, Sentinel was not carrying the coveted Matrix of Leadership, having sensibly left it behind.

title: Mirage (Transformers)

text: Film concept art of Sentinel Prime by artist Josh Nizzi named the character who would become Mirage as "Rush".

title: Sentinel Prime

text: There is a character called Sentinel Major, who might be considered the incarnation of Sentinel Prime in his own continuity. However, his design and role are obvious homages to Animated Sentinel Prime, but appears in a Generation 1-based setting.

title: Shockwave (Transformers)

text: Film concept art of Sentinel Prime by artist Josh Nizzi named the character who would become Shockwave as Blitzwing.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: The ensuing period of peace was known as the Golden Age of Cybertron, but, around nine million years BC, the Decepticon threat re-emerged when they too adopted transformation, and coupled it with robot-mode flight powers. One of the first of this new breed of Decepticons, the malevolent Megatron, killed Sentinel Prime in combat. As he died, the dying Sentinel Prime handed off the Matrix to Alpha Trion, who kept it safe until the emergence of the next Autobot leader, Optimus Prime. When Rodimus Prime journeyed into the Matrix in 2005, Sentinel Prime was the sixth guide he encountered. Sentinel Prime recounted the development of transformation, the Autobot victory in the war and the rise of Megatron.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: In the second film of the series, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, Sentinel Prime is briefly mentioned in the rambling speech given by Sam Witwicky while under an AllSpark fragment-induced trance, with Sam mentioning a "mission" Sentinel led.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Sentinel Prime is the name of several fictional characters in the various Transformers series in the Transformers robot superhero franchise. First mention of Sentinel Prime was in issue #65 of the US Marvel Comics Transformers series, where he was mentioned to hold the Autobot Matrix of Leadership before Optimus Prime. Sentinel Prime is One of the members of the Dynasty of Primes and dedicated as the leader of the Autobots and has since appeared in a variety of forms as either Optimus Prime's mentor or friend. Fun Publications has also had a character in their comic called Sentinel Major, who is based on the Transformers Animated version of Sentinel Prime. He is also the main antagonist in the film Transformers: Dark of the Moon, where he betrays the Autobots and later Megatron for his own personal interests. His original Generation 1 incarnation was later reimagined by IDW Publishing as a similar fallen figure, perhaps in lieu of his movie counterpart.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: In the video game adaptation, Transformers: War for Cybertron, Sentinel is named Zeta Prime, and dies shortly after the Autobots rescue him from Soundwave. Zeta was also a name previously used for a separate character who briefly appeared in the Generation 1 1980's cartoon and more prominently featured in the 21st century IDW Publishing comic book series, where he was depicted as Sentinel Prime's predecessor in the former and successor in the latter. Since the Exodus novel featured a Sentinel Prime and the War for Cybertron video game featured a Zeta Prime, both occupying the same role, Hasbro suggested at BotCon 2010 that they were the same guy: "Sentinel Zeta Prime". However, the War for Cybertron comic also written by Alex Irvine refers to the disappearance of Sentinel as depicted in the novel, when Zeta Prime in the games doesn't go missing until much later than the novel portrays it. Yet, the comic portrays Sentinel Prime with Zeta Prime's appearance, in attempt to further enhance the connection between the two.

title: Transformers Universe (comic book)

text: The "" comic features Sentinel Maximus, a character who is the fused form of the Transformers characters Primal Prime and Apelinq, who were merged to be able to defeat Cryotek during an untold story. Universe characters Nemesis Prime, Ramjet and his Mini-Cons also appear in this story.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: In the Transformers film series, Sentinel Prime is a legendary warrior thought to have been lost long ago and is Optimus Prime's direct predecessor and mentor. Unlike his animated counterparts, he plays more as a villain in the real-live version. It was he who taught Optimus the ideals of freedom to all sentient beings. Sentinel is armed with a shield, a double-bladed Primax Blade that can be folded into one and a cosmic rust cannon that causes any metal object that it hits to rust into oblivion. The effect of this is shown when he shoots Ironhide twice in the back and once in the chest, killing him.

title: Jetfire

text:
IDW's Transformers Collectors Club exclusive comic story, "Revelations Part 6", is set after the defeat of Galvatron but before Optimus Prime's mission to start a new Space Bridge project. In this story the Autobots from the Fun Publications stories ("Robots in Disguise" Optimus Prime, Ultra Magnus, Sentinel Maximus, Downshift, Perceptor, Alpha Trion, Over-Run, Anti-Blaze, Checkpoint, and Scythe) meet the Autobots from the animated series ("Cybertron" Optimus Prime, Jetfire, Override, Scattorshot, Red Alert, Hot Shot, Lori, Bud, and Coby Hansen) and thank each other and remembering those who were lost in the battles.
Jetfire is among the characters which first appeared in the 2007 "Transformers" 3D Battle Card game by Wizards of the Coast. A red and white redeco of movie Starscream, this incarnation of Jetfire is not related to the in the 2009 film "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen".

title: Skids (Transformers)

text:
Skids and Mudflap were originally set to appear in , but were cut from the final film due to many fans considering them to be racist and due to time restraints. Despite this, he and Mudflap do appear in vehicle form at the end of two Autobot convoys at the beginning of the film. They have been upgraded into black Chevrolet Sparks with a stripe of their original color, thus making Skids black and green. As they do not appear in any subsequent Transformers film, it is generally accepted that Skids and Mudflap either met their end from Sentinel Prime or were killed by Cemetery Wind in between Transformers: Dark of the Moon and Transformers: Age of Extinction.
There has been a strong negative reaction to Mudflap and Skids in "" as the pair were received by some as racist stereotypes. The characters speak in street-slang dialogue, confess to not doing much reading, and have been perceived by some critics to have been designed with the body proportions of monkeys. Skids also sports a gold tooth. Manohla Dargis of the "New York Times" said that "the characters [...] indicate that minstrelsy remains as much in fashion in Hollywood as when, well, Jar Jar Binks was set loose by George Lucas." Critic Scott Mendelson of "The Huffington Post", who perceived the characters to resemble monkeys, said, "To say that these two are the most astonishingly racist caricatures that I've ever seen in a mainstream motion picture would be an understatement." Harry Knowles, founder of Ain't It Cool News, asked his readers not to support the film, telling them, "you'll be taking [your children] to see a film with the lowest forms of humor, stereotypes and racism around." Director Michael Bay has defended the characters, explaining that the characters' mannerisms were chosen by the actors who voiced them, and that they did so in fun.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Film concept art of Sentinel Prime by artist Josh Nizzi named the character who would become Sentinel Prime as Ultra Magnus. He looks similar to Alpha Trion.[10]

title: Sentinel Prime

text: In December 2007, drawings were leaked on the internet of Sentinel Prime's vehicle appearance in the Transformers Animated television series. He turns into a snow plow truck.[5] Derrick Wyatt stated that the character was originally meant to be named Rodimus Prime, after Optimus Prime's G1 Successor. However, the idea of Rodimus being portrayed as arrogant and rude was dropped in favor of Sentinel Prime. An interesting note is that Sentinel's robot mode bears a strong resemblance to The Tick, which was a result of Townsend Coleman (the voice of the animated Tick) being cast in the role.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Though not featured in the animated series, Sentinel Prime does appear in the novel Transformers: Exodus. He became the leader of Cybertron after leading the uprising against the Quintessons, but also instituted the caste system that led to Cybetron's decline. He was later captured by Starscream's Seekers-who had previously served as his bodyguard-and imprisoned aboard Trypticon Station. During his time in prison Sentinel regained some of his old fire and a determination to make amends for his past failings, and got his chance when Starscream released him in the hope that he would destroy Megatron. Despite battling valiantly, Sentinel was defeated by Megatron, who stole from him one of the keys to the Plasma Energy Chamber. Sentinel Prime was then taken to Kaon, where Optimus found him and was acknowledged by the former Prime as Cybertron's new leader before Sentinel perished. Sentinel was also known to wear the symbol of "the noble legend of Vector Prime."

title: Sentinel Prime

text: A character named Sentinel Minor appears in the Transformers: Armada episode "Past". This version of Sentinel was the platoon commander of Hot Shot's military unit during the earlier years of the war on Cybertron. Sentinel Minor was known simply as the "Arrogant Autobot officer" for years until finally being given a name in the Facebook version of Ask Vector Prime. The name is likely a reference to Animated Sentinel Prime. Like many Armada generics, Sentinel uses a recolored Generation 1 character model. In this case, it's a recolored animation model of Sureshot—but the more toy-based Headmasters model rather than the American comic model.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Sentinel Prime is among the characters who appear in the flash game TRANSFORMERS CYBERVERSE Battle Builder Game.[13]

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Kre-O Sentinel Prime is based on the version of the characters from Transformers: Dark of the Moon.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Sentinel Prime appears in the third film, Transformers: Dark of the Moon, later revealed as a rogue Autobot-turned-Decepticon and the main antagonist of the film. Though it was believed that the Space Bridge technology he devised was to turn the tide of the war for the Autobot's benefit, Sentinel Prime made a deal with Megatron in the past to rebuild Cybertron using Earth's resources and enslaving humanity. However, the Ark, Sentinel's ship, was hit during the end of the war on Cybertron trying to leave the planet and eventually crashed on Earth's moon before 1961. Before the impact, Sentinel hid himself in the crash vault with five of his Space Bridge Pillars, including the control Pillar, but he soon ran out of Energon and became incapacitated. His body was recovered many years later by Optimus Prime and Ratchet when the two Autobots come investigating the wrecked ship and was brought to Earth, where he was resurrected with the power of the Matrix of Leadership. Sentinel was distressed that hundreds of his Pillars were missing, and warned Charlotte Mearing that the Decepticons could destroy Earth with the Pillars. He later went out with Optimus to attend a tour of the Earth and admire its sunset, and declined Optimus' offering of the Matrix, due to the fact that he doesn't know much about the Earth.

title: Blackout (Transformers)

text:
Blackout appears in the novel "Transformers: Exodus". Blackout was from the Badlands and fought in the pits of Kaon. His body was riddled with scars. He accompanied Megatron to steal the Plasma Energy Chamber from Teletraan-1 and witnessed his battle with Sentinel Prime. When Sentinel Prime fell, exposing the Code Key of Justice within his chest, Starscream attempted to take the Key for himself but Blackout tried to stop him, taking a blow that would've killed any other Transformer but one that only managed to fell him.
After Megatron subdued Starscream, Megatron asked for Blackout's name and told him he had a great future. He asked him to take Sentinel's body back to Kaon. He was presumably successful for Optimus Prime later found Sentinel chained to a pillar in the Underworld, having suffered burns from Omega Supreme's takeoff and subjected to even more torture.

title: Optimus Prime

text: Optimus appears again in the 2011 film "". Optimus receives his own armory consisting of weapons and flight tech that transforms into a trailer for him to carry in vehicular form. After assisting NEST operatives in fighting Shockwave at Chernobyl, Optimus learns that the humans have concealed the discovery of an ancient Cybertronian ship on the moon. He revives his old mentor, Sentinel Prime, with the Matrix of Leadership. However, Sentinel Prime later betrays the Autobots, murders Ironhide, wipes out most of NEST, and brings an army of Decepticons to Earth with Space Bridge Pillars. During the battle of Chicago, Optimus kills Shockwave, the Driller, and many Decepticon Protoforms. Finally, Optimus challenges the traitorous Sentinel Prime and they engage in a fierce duel. At first, Optimus appears to have the upper hand, but Sentinel eventually overpowers him and severs his right arm. However, before Sentinel can deliver the killing blow, Megatron attacks and severely injures him, having realized that he will never be able to remain leader of the Decepticons as long as Sentinel is at large. Megatron attempts to make a false truce with Optimus, but Optimus doesn't fall for it and attacks Megatron, decapitating him with his battle-axe. Optimus then bitterly executes the wounded Sentinel with Megatron's shotgun. With the Decepticons defeated and the war finally over, Optimus and the Autobots accept Earth as their new home.

title: Ultra Magnus

text:
This version of Ultra Magnus is a recolor of "Armada" Overload. It was released in 2004 and came with a recolor of the "Armada" Space Mini-Con team. The "Transformers: Universe" white and blue repaint of "Armada" Optimus Prime designated Ultra Magnus was also incorporated into this version of the character.
In 2007, "USA Today" polled people as to which Transformer they want to appear in the next Transformers film. Ultra Magnus came in tied for fourth with Shockwave. Ultra Magnus was considered to appear in "", before the role was given to Sentinel Prime. The design that was intended to be used for the character is seen briefly during the film's prologue, repurposed as the design of a generic deceased Autobot. To date it is unknown if Ultra Magnus will appear in any future movies.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Sentinel Prime at the Transformers Wiki - Transformers Animated.com

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Before finally receiving a toy in 2016, it was revealed in the Transformers Collectors' Club roundtable panel at BotCon 2007, the original concept for the convention-exclusive redeco of Cybertron Defense Hot Shot was Sentinel Prime. The mold DOES bear a decent resemblance to his IDW appearance, but in the end it was decided that Springer was a better choice for the mold (and likely for the ongoing club comic story).

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Animator Scott Benza said Sentinel Prime had a face "more human-like than any of the other robots" in Transformers: Dark of the Moon, having a more complex frame and "a greater number of plates" so it could be more expressive.[11] The film's main visual effects company, Industrial Light & Magic, based most of Sentinel Prime's features on actor Sean Connery, and after Leonard Nimoy was cast to voice the role, the effects were altered to incorporate Nimoy's acting as well.[12]

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Sentinel Prime appeared in the IDW Publishing Transformers Animated comic series.[6]

title: Sentinel Prime

text: Sentinel Prime originates from the original Marvel Comics Transformers series. Sentinel is the immediate predecessor of Optimus Prime, and was killed in battle on Cybertron. He is glimpsed in issue #150 of the UK comic, passing the Autobot Matrix of Leadership on to Optimus Prime. It was not made clear in this continuity who or what caused his death. His appearance resembles Rodimus Prime. His name is taken from issue U.S. #65 (UK #290) in which all the past Matrix holders are listed and he precedes Optimus Prime.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: His intention is to restore Cybertron to its former glory. But as the war dragged on, he was driven mad by desperation, with Quintessa corrupting and ordering him to bring Cybertron to Earth (Unicron) on her behalf hoping to destroy it, causing Sentinel to turn against his ideals and ally with Megatron and the Decepticons and eventually become as corrupt and vile as they were. Sentinel Prime is voiced by Leonard Nimoy, who previously voiced the character Galvatron in The Transformers: The Movie back in Generation One. Note: This was Leonard Nimoy's last major film role in the Transformers robot superhero franchise until his death in 2015.

title: Beast Machines: Transformers

text: Written into a special edition comic book was a character by the name of Primal Prime. Appearing only in this book, he is a side character to the "Beast Machines" story and was later written into the toy lines of both "Beast Machines" and "Transformers: Universe". In the "Universe" story line he eventually gains a new body, which combined with Apelinq to create Sentinel Maximus.

title: Sentinel Prime

text: In Transformers: Age of Extinction, he was guilty by Chicago's destruction and his remains are used by KSI to build human-made transformers. A scene in the film features the remains of his head being used alongside Megatron's head and other remaining transformers (including Ratchet, Leadfoot, and possibly Sideswipe and Mirage). Also, a photo of Sentinel Prime appears with red X indicating his death in the previous film.


query: When did the Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate football rivalry begin?

title: Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate

text: The Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate is an American college football rivalry between the Georgia Bulldogs and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets. The two Southern universities are located in the U.S. state of Georgia and are separated by 70 miles (110km). They have been heated rivals since 1893.

title: Sports in Georgia (U.S. state)

text: The Georgia Bulldogs and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets have a historical rivalry in college football known as Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate.

title: Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets

text: The official school colors for Georgia Tech are tech gold and white. Navy blue is often used as a secondary color and for alternate jerseys while black has been used on rare occasion. The traditional rival in all sports is in-state University of Georgia. This rivalry is often referred to as Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate. There are also rivalries with out-of-state Auburn and official conference rival Clemson.

title: 1893 Georgia Bulldogs football team

text: The 1893 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1893 college football season. The Bulldogs completed the season with a 2–2–1 record. 1893 saw the Bulldogs play their first games against Georgia Tech, losing 28–6, Vanderbilt, losing 10–35, and , winning 22–8. The rivalries with Georgia Tech and Vanderbilt continue to the present day, while the last game played against Furman was played in 1950. Today, the game with Georgia Tech is today known as "Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate."

title: Traditions of the Georgia Institute of Technology

text: Georgia Tech has an ongoing rivalry with the University of Georgia, often simply called ""georgia"" for short. The rivalry was called Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate by Atlanta Journal-Constitution columnist and UGA supporter, Lewis Grizzard. An annual issue of the Institute newspaper, "The Technique", focuses on this rivalry with an issue that spoofs "The Red and Black", the newspaper of the University of Georgia. As a dig at the rival school, the "Technique" will typically refer to it as "the university (sic) of Georgia" (sometimes shortened to "u(sic)GA") in articles. "To Hell With Georgia" (abbreviated "THWG" or "THWUGA"or "THWg") is also known as "The Good Word." In 2009, the Georgia Tech Cable Network (GTCN), produced a show, about the history of Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate 'To Hell With Georgia'. If one student asks the word from another ("What's the Good Word?"), the response is always "To Hell with georgia!" If asked about the Bulldogs ("How 'bout them Dawgs?"), an old tagline from the "University of Georgia" expression, the correct answer is, "Piss on 'em!"

title: Georgia Southern–Georgia State rivalry

text: The football rivalry began after the hire of former Appalachian State (a major rival of Georgia Southern) athletic director Charlie Cobb to the same position at GSU. During Georgia State's press release introducing Cobb, he revealed that Georgia Southern's athletic director Tom Kleinlein told him "welcome, now the war is on." The two teams met on the gridiron during the 2014 football season at the Georgia Dome. During the run up to the game, fans from both teams expressed their dislike for the other over social media outlets such as Twitter, at times trending with tags of "SouthernNotState" and "StateNotSouthern," both of which were used as slogans for shirts given out by both universities. During the period before the game, fans dubbed the matchup as "Modern Day Hate," a play on the rivalry between Georgia Tech and UGA, Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate. Georgia Southern beat Georgia State by a final score of 69–31, while drawing the second largest crowd of 28,427 for any Georgia State game. In 2015, Georgia State beat Georgia Southern 34–7 to give the worst home defeat for Georgia Southern in school history. Currently, Georgia State leads Georgia Southern, 3–2.

title: Georgia (U.S. state)

text: The Georgia Bulldogs (Southeastern Conference), Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets (Atlantic Coast Conference), Georgia State Panthers and Georgia Southern Eagles (Sun Belt Conference) are Georgia's NCAA Division I FBS football teams, having won multiple national championships between them. The Georgia Bulldogs and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets have a historical rivalry in college football known as Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate, and the Georgia State Panthers and the Georgia Southern Eagles have recently developed their own rivalry.

title: Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate

text: The sports rivalry between the two institutions has traditionally focused on football, a sport in which both programs have historically been successful, with an annual game often held on Thanksgiving weekend. However, they compete in a variety of other intercollegiate sports, as well as competing for government and private funding, potential students, and academic recognition regionally and nationally.[1]

title: Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate

text: The only true break in the series dates back to 1917 and the United States entry into World War I. The two institutions felt that the rivalry had grown too intense, fueled by Georgia's inflammatory accusations that Georgia Tech was cowardly because the school continued its football program during wartime while Georgia suspended its program for the football seasons of 1917 and 1918.[24] Tech meanwhile won the South's first recognized national championship in 1917.

title: Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate

text: The next day in the Atlanta Journal, an Athens journalist accused Tech of using "a heterogeneous collection of Atlanta residents – a United States Army surgeon, a medical student, a lawyer, and an insurance agent among them, with here and there a student of Georgia's School of Technology thrown in to give the mixture a Technological flavor."[26] Hence, the sports rivalry was born.

title: Crab Bowl Classic

text: In 1997, Maryland had a new head coach, Ron Vanderlinden, and he immediately saw that Navy was a natural rival for his team, but was unaware of the past history. Vanderlinden attempted to renew the game, but it was not until after his relief that the idea materialized. In 2001, Ralph Friedgen was hired as his successor and spearheaded efforts to reinvigorate the team's old rivalries, including that against Navy. Friedgen, who played for Maryland as an offensive guard, was at the 1964 game as a recruit. He had also coached for nine years as Georgia Tech's offensive coordinator, and he harbored nostalgic feelings for a rivalry with the passion of Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate. Friedgen stated that, in addition to the rivalries with West Virginia and Virginia, a renewed in-state series would be even more meaningful. In 2002, the two schools agreed to meet for the first Crab Bowl Classic in forty years, scheduled for 2005.

title: Georgia Bulldogs

text: The Bulldogs' most historic rivalry is with the Auburn Tigers, referred to as the Deep South's Oldest Rivalry and dating back to 1892. The other rivalries are between the Bulldogs and the Atlantic Coast Conference's Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets ("Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate") and the Florida Gators ("Florida vs. Georgia Football Classic"). In addition, UGA enjoyed a strong rivalry with the nearby Clemson Tigers for many years in football, especially in the 1980s. The Bulldogs and the Tennessee Volunteers annual showdown on the second Saturday of October has become a rivalry as a result of the 1992 division of the Southeastern Conference into Eastern and Western divisions. Before 1992, the two teams had only met 21 times since 1899. Beginning in 1992, the two teams have played annually as members of the same division. Georgia also enjoys a healthy rivalry with the South Carolina Gamecocks, meeting on the football field 70 times since 1894.

title: Clemson–Georgia Tech football rivalry

text: These two ACC members also coincidentally have more of a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics focus than their sibling flagship university state schools from the SEC — with which they also have intense rivalries: Georgia Tech's Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate rivalry with the Georgia Bulldogs, and Clemson's Palmetto Bowl game against the South Carolina Gamecocks.

title: Georgia Institute of Technology

text: Georgia Tech students hold a heated, long and ongoing rivalry with the University of Georgia, known as Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate. The first known hostilities between the two institutions trace back to 1891. The University of Georgia's literary magazine proclaimed UGA's colors to be "old gold, black, and crimson". Dr. Charles H. Herty, then President of the University of Georgia, felt that old gold was too similar to yellow and that it "symbolized cowardice". After the 1893 football game against Tech, Herty removed old gold as an official color. Tech would first use old gold for their uniforms, as a proverbial slap in the face to UGA, in their first unofficial football game against Auburn in 1891. Georgia Tech's school colors would henceforth be old gold and white.

title: Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football

text: Over the span of 1892–1903, Tech only won 8 games, tied in 5, and lost 32. In 1893, Tech played against the University of Georgia for the first time. Tech defeated Georgia 28–6 for the school's first-ever victory. The angry Georgia fans threw stones and other debris at the Tech players during and after the game. The poor treatment of the Blacksmiths by the Georgia faithful gave birth to the rivalry now known as Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate.

title: Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football

text: One of the most successful college football programs over a long history, the Yellow Jackets have won four national championships across four different decades (1917, 1928, 1952, 1990) as well as sixteen conference titles. Among the team's former coaches are John Heisman, for whom the Heisman Trophy is named, and Bobby Dodd, for whom the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award and the school's stadium are named. Heisman led the team to the most lopsided game in football history, 222–0, and both Heisman and Dodd led Tech's football team to national championships. Dodd also led the Jackets on their longest winning streak — 8 straight games — against the University of Georgia in Tech's most time-endured rivalry, called Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate. For his part, Heisman led Georgia Tech to an undefeated 12–0–1 record in the Georgia Tech–Clemson football rivalry and what made it sting even more was that Heisman had previously coached Clemson.

title: Georgia–South Carolina football rivalry

text: Both of these SEC members coincidentally are flagship universities of their respective state systems, and are classified by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as a Research I university, the same designation as their sibling science, technology, engineering, and mathematics schools from the ACC — with which they also have intense rivalries: Georgia's Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate rivalry with the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, and South Carolina's Palmetto Bowl game against the Clemson Tigers.

title: 2014 Georgia Bulldogs football team

text: Georgia finished the year 1–2 in rivalry games, losing to Florida 38–20 in the Florida–Georgia football rivalry on November 1, 2014. They beat the Auburn Tigers 34–7. Georgia lost to in-state rival Georgia Tech in Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate on November 29, 2014 by a score of 30–24 in overtime.

title: Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football

text: Georgia Tech's fight songs and cheers are tailored to belittle the Georgia Bulldogs, and the perennial catch-phrase for Georgia Tech fans for many decades has been "To Hell with Georgia". Georgia Tech and the Univ. of Georgia have played each other in football over 100 times (and hundreds more times in basketball, baseball, track and field, tennis, etc.) and this rivalry has become known as "Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate". The annual football game is by far the most important game on the schedule for most Georgia Tech sports fans. The winner of this game takes home the Georgia State Governor's Cup. Georgia Tech trails Georgia in the all-time series 67–41–5 through the 2018 season.

title: Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate

text: – Georgia – rivalry series record from College Football Data Warehouse

title: Georgia State Panthers football

text: The football rivalry began after the hire of former Appalachian State (a major rival of Georgia Southern) athletic director Charlie Cobb to the same position at GSU. During Georgia State's press release introducing Cobb, he revealed that Georgia Southern's athletic director Tom Kleinlein told him "welcome, now the war is on." The two teams met on the gridiron during the 2014 football season at the Georgia Dome. During the run up to the game, fans from both teams expressed their dislike for the other over social media outlets such as Twitter, at times trending with tags of "SouthernNotState" and "StateNotSouthern," both of which were used as slogans for shirts given out by both universities. During the period before the game, fans dubbed the matchup as "Modern Day Hate," a play on the rivalry between Georgia Tech and UGA, Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate. Georgia Southern beat Georgia State by a final score of 69–31, while drawing the second largest crowd of 28,427 for any Georgia State game. In 2015, Georgia State beat Georgia Southern 34–7 to give the worst home defeat for Georgia Southern in school history. Currently, Georgia State leads Georgia Southern, 3-1.

title: Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate

text: List of NCAA college football rivalry games Most-played rivalries in NCAA Division I FBS

title: Georgia State Panthers

text: The beginning of the football rivalry was initiated after the hire of former Appalachian State (a major rival of Georgia Southern) athletic director Charlie Cobb to the same position at GSU. During Georgia State's press release introducing Cobb, he revealed that Georgia Southern's athletic director Tom Kleinlein told him "welcome, now the war is on." The two teams met on the gridiron during the 2014 football season at Georgia Dome. During the run up to the game, fans from both teams expressed their dislike for the other over social media outlets such as Twitter, at times trending with tags of "SouthernNotState" and "StateNotSouthern" both of which were used as slogans for shirts given out by both universities. During the period before the game, fans dubbed the matchup as "Modern Day Hate," a play on the rivalry between Georgia Tech and UGA, Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate. The game would go on to draw the second largest crowd of any Georgia State game at 28,427, ending with Georgia Southern beating Georgia State by a final score of 69 to 31. In 2015, Georgia State beat Georgia Southern 34–7, the worst home defeat for Georgia Southern in school history. Currently, Georgia State holds a 3–1 lead in the football series.

title: Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate

text: The basketball rivalry has picked up intensity recently after Georgia Tech coach Josh Pastner's first tweet after being hired was #THWg (To Hell With Georgia). Pastner's Yellow Jackets however could not live up to the smack talk as the Bulldogs won convincingly 60–43 on the Yellow Jackets home court. Pastner’s second attempt to beat Georgia also fell short, as the Yellow Jackets were pummeled at Stegeman Coliseum by a score of 80-59.

title: Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate

text: Fuel was added to the fire in 1919, when UGA mocked Tech's continuation of football during the United States' involvement in World War I. At the time, Tech was a military training ground and had a complete assembly of male students. Many schools, such as UGA, had lost the vast majority of their able-bodied male students to the war effort, forcing them to temporarily suspend football during the war. As a result, UGA did not play a football game from 1917–18.[6] When UGA renewed its program in 1919, the student body staged a parade, which mocked Tech's continuation of football during times of war. The parade featured a tank shaped float emblazoned with the words "UGA IN ARGONNE" followed by a yellow-clad donkey and a sign that read "TECH IN ATLANTA." This act led directly to Tech cutting athletic ties with UGA and canceling several of UGA's home football games at Grant Field (UGA commonly used Grant Field as its home field).[7] Tech and UGA did not compete in athletics until the 1921 Southern Conference basketball tournament. Regular season competition was not renewed until a 1925 agreement between the two institutions.[7]

title: Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate

text: Georgia Tech and Georgia enjoy healthy rivalries in all other sports in which the two universities compete, most notably softball, women's basketball, and various club sports.

title: Georgia Institute of Technology

text: The Institute mascots are Buzz and the Ramblin' Wreck. The Institute's traditional football rival is the University of Georgia; the rivalry is considered one of the fiercest in college football. The rivalry is commonly referred to as Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate, which is also the title of a book about the subject. There is also a long-standing rivalry with Clemson. Tech has seventeen varsity sports: football, women's and men's basketball, baseball, softball, volleyball, golf, men's and women's tennis, men's and women's swimming and diving, men's and women's track and field, and men's and women's cross country. Four Georgia Tech football teams were selected as national champions in news polls: 1917, 1928, 1952, and 1990. In May 2007, the women's tennis team won the NCAA National Championship with a 4–2 victory over UCLA, the first ever national title granted by the NCAA to Tech.

title: 2010 Orange Bowl

text: In Tech's final game of the regular season, the Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate rivalry game vs Georgia, GT would lose its second game of the season. Down 6 with less than two minutes remaining, the Yellow Jackets gave up their run offense and had four consecutive incomplete "Hail Mary" passes. On 4th and 10 at Georgia's 46-yard line, quarterback Josh Nesbitt's pass to a wide open Demaryius Thomas was dropped, sealing a 30-24 win for the Bulldogs.

title: 1929 Rose Bowl

text: This was the first appearance for Georgia Tech in a post season bowl game. They had run through their regular season schedule. This included a 13–0 win over Notre Dame and a 20–6 win over Georgia in the Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate rivalry game. They were named national champion by two organizations. They were invited by the Tournament of Roses committee to play in the game.

title: Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate

text: Barnhart, Tony. Southern Fried Football: The History, Passion, And Glory. Triumph Books. 2000. ISBN1-57243-367-1 Cromartie, Bill. Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate. Gridiron Publishers. 2002. ISBN1-55853-124-6 Dodd, Bobby and Jack Wilkinson. Dodd's Luck. Golden Coast Publishing Company. 1988. ISBN0-932958-09-5 Dooley, Vince. Dooley's Dawgs. Longstreet Press. 2003. ISBN1-56352-727-8 King, Kim and Jack Wilkinson. Kim King's Tales from the Georgia Tech Sideline. Sports Publishing. 2004. ISBN1-58261-819-4 Van Brimmer, Adam. Stadium Stories: Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets. Globe Pequot. 2006. ISBN0-7627-4020-5.


query: Where was Adolphe Sax born?

title: Adolphe Sax

text: Antoine-Joseph Sax was born on 6 November 1814, in Dinant, in what is now Belgium, to Charles-Joseph Sax and his wife. While his given name was Antoine-Joseph, he was referred to as Adolphe from childhood.[2][3] His father and mother were instrument designers themselves, who made several changes to the design of the French horn. Adolphe began to make his own instruments at an early age, entering two of his flutes and a clarinet into a competition at the age of 15. He subsequently studied performance on those two instruments as well as voice at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels.[2][3]

title: Adolphe Sax

text: Sax suffered from lip cancer between 1853 and 1858 but made a full recovery. In 1894 Sax died in complete poverty[11] in Paris and was interred in section 5 (Avenue de Montebello) at the Cimetière de Montmartre in Paris.

title: Marie Sasse

text:
However, the performances had failed to generate much enthusiasm for the opera. The press reported that with the exception of Mlle Sax the singers had been "out of voice". After a few more performances the opera was replaced with "Il trovatore". There was one more revival in 1865, after which it vanished from the repertoire of the company entirely.
Sasse married the French bass Armand Castelmary in 1864, but they divorced in 1867. In March 1865 the instrument maker Adolphe Sax brought suit against her demanding that she refrain from using Sax as her stage name. She complied by changing it to Saxe, prompting the periodical "Le Ménestrel" to conjecture that she might now be sued by "le Roi de Saxe, le duc de Saxe-Coburg-Gothe, le duc de Saxe-Meiningen", among others, for using this esteemed surname.

title: Doug Sax

text: Sax was born in Los Angeles on April 26, 1936 to Mildred and Remy Sax. While attending Fairfax High School in West LA, Sax played the trumpet alongside trumpeter Herb Alpert. Upon graduation, Sax attended UCLA and then was drafted into the Army where he played trumpet in the 7th Army Symphony from 1959-1961.

title: Princess Louise of Saxe-Meiningen

text: Louise married on 18 October 1781 in Meiningen to Landgrave Adolph of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (1743-1803). Even in her marriage contract, which her mother, acting as regent for her brother, Duke Charles William of Saxe-Meiningen, concluded with Landgrave Adolph. it was stipulated that "his future wife is the sole guardian of her underage children and administrator of their assets". After Adolph died in 1803, Louise presented this contract to the "Reichskammergericht" and this court confirmed her guardianship over her three sons.

title: Mr Sax's House

text: Mr Sax's House (French: "Maison de Monsieur Sax"; Dutch: "Huis van Sax") is a museum in Dinant in the Belgian province of Namur. It is dedicated to Adolphe Sax (1814-1894). Sax was a builder of musical instruments and is foremost remembered for his invention of the saxophone.

title: Tenor saxophone

text:
The tenor saxophone is one of a family of fourteen
instruments designed and constructed in 1846 by Adolphe Sax, a Belgian-born instrument maker, flautist and clarinetist. Based on an amalgam of ideas drawn from the clarinet, flute, oboe and ophicleide, the saxophone was intended to form a tonal link between the woodwinds and brass instruments found in military bands, an area that Sax considered sorely lacking. Sax's patent, granted on 28 June 1846, divided the family into two groups of seven instruments, each ranging from alto down to contrabass. One family, pitched alternatively in B and E, was designed specifically to integrate with the other instruments then common in military bands. The tenor saxophone, pitched in B, is the fourth member of this family.

title: History of music in Paris

text: In 1842 the Belgian Adolphe Sax, 28-years old, arrived in Paris with his new invention, the saxophone. He won a silver medal for his new instrument at the Paris Exposition of French Industry in 1844, and in April 1845 won a competition held by the French Army on the Champs-de-Mars, in which a fanfare was played on traditional instruments and then on the instruments of Adolphe Sax. The jury chose the instrument of Sax, and it was adapted by the French Army, and then by orchestras and ensembles throughout the world.

title: Adolphe Sax

text: After leaving the Royal Conservatory of Brussels, Sax began to experiment with new instrument designs, while his parents continued to make conventional instruments to bring in money. Adolphe's first important invention was an improvement of the bass clarinet design, which he patented at the age of 24.[6] Sax relocated permanently to Paris in 1842 and began working on a new set of instruments. Hector Berlioz was so enamoured of them that he arranged in February 1844 for one of his pieces to be played entirely on Sax's new instruments.[7] These were valved bugles, and although he had not invented the instrument itself, his examples were much more successful than those of his rivals and became known as saxhorns. They came in seven different sizes, and paved the way for the creation of the flugelhorn. Today, saxhorns are sometimes used in concert bands, marching bands and, orchestras. The saxhorn also laid the groundwork for the modern euphonium.[8]

title: Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg

text: She married on 25 October 1671 in Altenburg with John Adolph I, the son of Duke Augustus of Saxe-Weissenfels from his marriage to Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. They had eleven children:

title: Arno Bornkamp

text: Among others, he recorded the CD "Adolphe Sax Revisited" with pianist Ivo Janssen, who he has been performing with since 1983. In this cd he used period instruments, which were made by Adolphe Sax.

title: Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

text: He was a son of William, Duke of Nassau (1792–1839), and his first wife, Princess Louise of Saxe-Hildburghausen. Adolphe's half-sister, Sophia of Nassau, was the wife of Oscar II of Sweden.

title: Charles-Joseph Sax

text: Sax was a maker of wind and brass instruments, as well as of pianos, harps, and guitars. Sax was a great instrument maker, and made sure his son had a good education and a leg to stand on for his future. He was a careful, strict, and kind father to his son, Adolphe Sax, and played a big part in his son's successful career.

title: Charles-Joseph Sax

text: Charles-Joseph Sax (1 February 1790 – 26 April 1865) was a Belgian (he lived in Dinant) musical instrument maker. His son was Adolphe Sax who invented the saxophone, the saxhorn and the saxotromba.

title: Adolphe Sax

text: Antoine-Joseph "Adolphe" Sax (French pronunciation:[ɑ̃twan.ʒozɛf adɔlf saks]; 6 November 1814 – 7 February 1894)[1] was a Belgian inventor and musician who invented the saxophone in the early 1840s (patented in 1846). He played the flute and clarinet. He also invented the saxotromba, saxhorn and saxtuba.

title: Saxophone

text: The saxophone family was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1840. Adolphe Sax wanted to create a group or series of instruments that would be the most powerful and vocal of the woodwinds, and the most adaptive of the brass instruments, that would fill the vacant middle ground between the two sections. Sax patented the saxophone on June 28, 1846, in two groups of seven instruments each. Each series consisted of instruments of various sizes in alternating transposition. The series pitched in B and E, designed for military bands, have proved popular and most saxophones encountered today are from this series. Instruments from the so-called "orchestral" series, pitched in C and F, never gained a foothold, and the B and E instruments have now replaced the C and F instruments when the saxophone is used in an orchestra.

title: Buffet Crampon

text: As early as 1866, Buffet Crampon was producing its first saxophones, 20 years after the invention of this instrument by the Belgian Adolphe Sax. They were the first to manufacture saxophones, besides those made by Adolphe Sax himself. Today, Buffet Crampon produces three series of saxophones: 100 Series, 400 Series and since 2013, the Senzo alto saxophone.These are beginner instruments made in China

title: Christine of Mecklenburg-Güstrow

text: Born in Güstrow, she was the sixth of eleven children born from the marriage of Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottorp. From her ten older and younger siblings, eight survived to adulthood: Marie (by marriage Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz), Magdalene, Sophie (by marriage Duchess of Württemberg-Oels), Charles, Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Hedwig (by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig), Louise (by marriage Queen of Denmark and Norway), Elisabeth (by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg) and Augusta.

title: Adolphe Sax

text: Sax faced many near-death experiences. Over the course of his childhood, he:

title: William Kesling

text: William Kessling was born on 18 October 1899 to Adolph Kessling and Pauline Heissler, both German immigrants. Adolph Kessling (1854-1928) was born in Germany, had left home and moved to Russia at the age of 13, and eventually traveled to the United States, settling in Kansas City where he met and married Pauline Heissler. William Kessling was the fourth of their five children. The Kesslings moved from Kansas City to Brenham, Texas, where they owned a ranch, slaughterhouse, and butcher shop. In 1911, Adolph and his eldest son left the family without notice. In 1916, however, Adolph contacted his family and informed them that he was living in Calexico, California, where he owned another cattle operation, and invited the family to join him. Pauline, with the four children, moved to Calexico and began working with Adolph while maintaining a separate residence. In the 1920s Adolph again left the family to look for gold in the Mojave Desert. He died in 1928 after falling off of a precipice.

title: François Daneels

text: Daneels was the founding president of International Adolphe Sax Association in 1994, and served in that role until 2004. Beginning 1994, the association has hosted the International Adolphe Sax Competition every 4 years in Dinant, the birthplace of Adolphe Sax. For the competition, Daneels was chairman of the music committee for the 1994, 1998, and 2002 competitions. In January 1999, he was declared Honorary Citizen of the City of Dinant.

title: Adolphe Sax

text: Sax also developed the saxotromba family, valved brass instruments with narrower bore than the saxhorns, in 1845, though they survived only briefly.[2]

title: Adolphe Sax

text: Sax continued to make instruments later in life and presided over the new saxophone program at the Paris Conservatory. Rival instrument makers both attacked the legitimacy of his patents and were sued by Sax for patent infringement. The legal back-and-forth continued for over 20 years. He was driven into bankruptcy three times: in 1852, 1873, and 1877.[4]

title: Adolphe Sax

text: His mother once said that "he's a child condemned to misfortune; he won't live." His neighbors called him "little Sax, the ghost".[4][5]

title: For Adolphe Sax

text: For Adolphe Sax is the first album by free jazz saxophonist Peter Brötzmann, released on his own Brö label in 1967. It was reissued on LP by FMP in 1971 (most copies had labels affixed to the wrong sides) and then reissued on CD by the Atavistic label in 2002. This reissue featured the added track "Everything". Adolph Sax was the inventor of many instruments including the first saxophones. No edition of the album has included writing credits.

title: Adolphe Sax

text: In his birthplace Dinant in Belgium the Mr Sax's House is dedicated to his life and saxophones.

title: Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

text: Born in Gotha, she was the fifteenth of nineteen children born from the marriage of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst. From her eighteen older and younger siblings, only eight survived to adulthood: Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, William, John August, Christian William, Louis Ernest, Maurice, Augusta (by marriage Princess of Wales), and John Adolph.

title: Edward A. Lefebre

text: Edward Lefrebe was born in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands to a family of French musicians. While little is known of his early musical career, he primarily performed on the clarinet until meeting Adolphe Sax in Paris in the 1850s.

title: Adolphe Sax

text: The use of saxhorns spread rapidly. The saxhorn valves were accepted as state-of-the-art in their time and remain largely unchanged today. The advances made by Adolphe Sax were soon followed by the British brass band movement which exclusively adopted the saxhorn family of instruments.[9] The Jedforest Instrumental Band formed in 1854 and The Hawick Saxhorn Band formed in 1855, within the Scottish Borders, a decade after saxhorn models became available.

title: Melinda Saxe

text: Saxe was born in Tennessee on March 6, 1965, to band leader Richard Saxe (born 1933) and dancer/show producer Bonnie Saxe (born 1941). Many sources cite Saxe's birthplace as Las Vegas, however she was born in a small town in Tennessee. At the age of three, Saxe moved to Las Vegas, after her mother, Bonnie, landed a spot as a showgirl in the Folies Bergere show at the Tropicana. Saxe had an older sister, Suzanne (born 1960/1961), and a younger brother, David Saxe (born 1969). Saxe became interested in magic at the age of 16, and would practice it all day long from that point on. Saxe graduated from Bonanza High School in Las Vegas as a junior in 1982. At the age of 17, she joined Siegfried & Roy's magic show as a dancer.