query: When was Kim Hong-il born?

title: Kim Jong-il

text: Kim Jong-il (officially transcribed Kim Jong Il; Korean:김정일; Korean pronunciation:[kim.dzɔŋ.il];[lower-alpha 1] 16 February 1941 – 17 December 2011) was the second Supreme Leader of North Korea. He ruled from the death of his father Kim Il-sung, the first Supreme Leader of North Korea, in 1994 until his own death in 2011. He was an unelected dictator and was often accused of human rights violations.[2]

title: Hong Son-ok

text: Hong Son-ok was born on 28 March 1950 in North Pyongan Province. Her father was Hong Won-gil. She attended Kim Il-sung University and graduated from the University of International Affairs.

title: Kim Pyong-il

text: Kim Pyong-il (; born 10 August 1954) is the younger paternal half-brother of the former leader of North Korea, Kim Jong-il, and the only surviving son of former leader and president of North Korea Kim Il-sung. He is the current ambassador of North Korea to the Czech Republic.

title: Kim Il-sung bibliography

text: According to Myers, Kim Il-sung's cult of personality was consciously trying to match that of Mao Zedong. Thus when Mao was renowned for his poetry, the North Koreans matched this with claiming that Kim Il-sung had written plays during the anti-Japanese struggle of the 1930s. Two plays that were allegedly written by Kim Il-sung are "The Sea of Blood" and "The Flower Girl". Nonetheless, Kim Il-sung also wrote poems, such as one called "Brightest Star", written in 1992 to congratulate Kim Jong-il on behalf of the latter's birthday. Kim Il-sung also wrote song lyrics. Official North Korean history also attributes operas to Kim. Sometimes Kim is attributed with writing the scripts of operas and plays directly, and at other times for providing the actual authors with the plots.

title: Kim Il-sung Square

text: Portraits of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il are displayed on buildings surrounding the square where portraits of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin once hung. During Kim Jong-il's rule, only Kim Il-sung hung on these buildings, as his portrait does in every room in North Korea, however, when Kim Jong-il died, his portrait was added to the buildings in commemoration. At the south end are two flag poles which were installed in 2013 for use in national events.

title: Kim Young-sik

text: Kim Young-sik (born 1953) is a Seoul engraver of Oriental seals who impersonates North Korean leader Kim Jong-il. Ever since his sister-in-law teased the businessman's sagging form as a likeness to the chairman, Kim Young-sik has portrayed Kim Jong-il at every opportunity, in movies, television shows, commercials, and for personal appearances. "When someone tells me I don't resemble Kim Jong-il in certain respects, I'm unhappy," said Kim in "The Korea Times". Unlike his more cosmetically enhanced competitor Bae Eun-sik, "I am a natural," Kim told the "Los Angeles Times". "I didn't have to perm my hair. I didn't need plastic surgery. Even my family name, Kim, didn't have to be changed. Sometimes I feel like I "am" Kim Jong-il." Kim, whose stated goal is to have the leader say, "Little Brother, come and see me," affirms, "I wouldn't want Kim Jong-il to be offended by anything I do. I don't want to portray him as an evil person."

title: Kim Won-hong

text: Kim Won-hong rose to prominence in 2003, as he was appointed commander of the Military Security Command (the North Korean army's intelligence unit) following the death of General Won Ung-hui, who had been heading it since 1990. In April 2009, Kim was promoted to General and then migrated to the KPA General Political Bureau's Organisation Department, at the same time when Kim Jong-il reportedly put Kim Jong-un in charge of the Ministry of State Security to which the Military Security Command is affiliated. Kim was also made a member of the Party's Central Committee and Central Military Commission in September 2010 and was reported to having a role in ensuring Kim Jong-un's succession.

title: Hong Il-chon

text: Hong Il-chon held a degree in Russian Literature from Kim Il-sung University. After her divorce from Kim Jong-il, she was still active in politics and educational affairs. She became one of the members of the Supreme People's Assembly during the period between 1977 and 1991. After she withdrew from the Assembly, she was appointed as principal of Kim Hyong Jik University of Education in September 1991. She retired from that post in July 2012 at the age of 70.

title: Kim Hong-il

text: Kim Hong-il may refer to:

title: Shin Sang-ok

text:
In 1978, Shin's former wife, Choi Eun-hee, an actress who starred in many of his films, was kidnapped in Hong Kong and taken to North Korea. Shin himself came under suspicion of causing her disappearance, and when he traveled to Hong Kong to investigate, he was kidnapped as well. The kidnappings were on orders of future leader Kim Jong-il, who wanted to establish a film industry for his country to sway international opinion regarding the views of the Workers' Party of Korea. The North Korean authorities have denied the kidnapping accusations, claiming that Shin came to the country willingly. Shin and Choi made secret audiotapes of conversations with Kim Jong-il, which supported their story.
Shin was put in comfortable accommodation, but after two escape attempts was placed in a prison for over two years. Once his re-education in North Korean ideology was thought complete, he was taken to Pyongyang in 1983 to meet Kim Jong-il and learn why he had been abducted to North Korea. His ex-wife was brought to the same dinner party, where she first learned that Shin was also in North Korea. They remarried shortly afterwards, as suggested by Kim Jong-il.

title: Arirang Festival

text: The Mass Games possess an important ideological character praising the Workers' Party of Korea, its armed forces, Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il. These messages may not be clear to foreign spectators, who are not aware of North Korean iconography: a rising sun symbolizes Kim Il-sung. When a gun is shown, it signifies the gun which Kim Il-sung gave to his son Kim Jong-il. The colour red, particularly in flowers, stands for the working class, and the colour purple and red flowers represent Kim Il-sung (as the flower Kimilsungia is a purple orchid and the flower Kimjongilia is a red begonia). A snowy mountain with a lake represents Mount Paektu, where Kim Jong-il is said to have been born in a log cabin.

title: 7th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea

text: Kim Jong-un, Kim Yong-nam, Hwang Pyong-so, Choe Ryong-hae, Pak Pong-ju, Kim Ki-nam, Choe Thae-bok, Ri Yong-mu, O Kuk-ryol, Ri Myong-su, Kang Sok-ju, Kwak Pom-gi, O Su-yong, Kim Yong-chol, Yang Hyong-sop, Kim Won-hong, Kim Phyong-hae, Pak Yong-sik, Ro Tu-chol, Choe Pu-il, Jo Yon-jun, Kim Yong-jin, Im Chol-ung, Kim Tok-hun, Ri Mu-yong, Ri Chol-man, Ri Il-hwan, Ri Man-gon, An Jong-su, Choe Sang-gon, Ri Yong-rae, Kim Jong-im, Kim Jung-hyop, Kim Man-song, Hong In-bom, Kim Kyong-ok, Ri Jae-il, Choe Hwi, Ri Pyong-chol, Kim Yong-su, Jo Yong-won, Ri Yong-sik, Kim Yo-jong, Hong Sung-mu, Pak To-chun, Kim Yong-chun, Hyon Chol-hae, Ri Yong-gil, So Hong-chan, Kim Jong-gak, No Kwang-chol, Kim Jong-gwan, Yun Tong-hyon, Kim Hyong-ryong, Jo Nam-jin, Ryom Chol-song, Jo Kyong-chol, Pak Jong-chon, Yun Yong-sik, Kim Rak-gyom, Ri Yong-ju, Choe Yong-ho, Wi Song-il, Pang Tu-sop, Ri Song-guk, kYang Tong-hun, Ri Thae-sop, Pak Su-il, Kim Sang-ryong, Kim Kum-chol, Kim Yong-bok, Kim Myong-nam, Kim Song-chol, Ri Chang-han, Han Chang-sun, Yun Jong-rin, Kim Song-dok, Ri Yong-hwan, Ro Kyong-jun, Choe Yong-rim, Hong Son-ok, Kim Yong-ho, Jo Chun-ryong, Kim Chol-man, Ri Su-yong, Kim Man-su, Jang Hyok, Tong Jong-ho, Ri Ryong-nam, Kim Sung-du, Jang Ki-ho, Jang Chol, Kim Jong-suk, Kim Kye-gwan, Kim Tong-il, Jang Chang-ha, Ri Hong-sop, Ri Yong-ho, Ju Yong-sik, Jon Yong-nam, Jang Pyong-gyu, Jang Jong-nam, Kang Phil-hun, Kim Su-gil, Pak Thae-song, Kang Yang-mo, Kim Nung-o, Pak Yong-ho, Pak Thae-dok, Kim Jae-ryong, Pak Jong-nam, Jon Sung-hun, Kim Song-il, Ri Sang-won, Rim Kyong-man, Thae Jong-su, Ri Kwang-chol, Jon Kyong-son, O Mun-hyon, Pak Jong-gun, Choe Yong-dok, Ri Jong-sik, Ko Pyong-hyon, Ri Pong-dok, Jong In-guk, Choe Myong-chol, Thae Hyong-chol, Hong So-hon, Jon Il-ho

title: Kim dynasty (North Korea)

text: When Kim Il-sung's first wife died, Kim Song-ae was not recognized as Kim Il-sung's wife for several years. Neither partnerships had public weddings. Born Kim So’ng-p’al in the early 1920s in South P’yo’ngan Province, Kim Song Ae began her career as a clerical worker in the Ministry of National Defense where she first met Kim Il Sung in 1948. She was hired to work in his residence as an assistant to Kim Jong Suk. In addition to doing secretarial work for the Kims, she also looked after Kim Jong Il and Kim Kyong Hui. After Kim Jong Suk’s 1949 death, Kim Song Ae began managing Kim Il Sung’s household and domestic life.

title: Hong Sung-mu

text: Hong's career took off in earnest after the 2011 death of Kim Jong-il, the country's leader, and the succession of Kim Jong-un. Hong was number 126 on the funeral committee list of Kim Jong-il. Since 2012, he has accompanied Kim on the occasion of various rocket test launches, and on on-the-spot guidance tours since the beginning of 2013. , Hong is an alternate member of the Central Committee of the WPK.

title: Hong Il-chon

text: Hong Il-chon (, born 1942) was the first wife of Kim Jong-il. She was the daughter of a soldier who died during the Korean War. In the early 1960s, Kim Il-sung, father of Kim Jong-il, introduced her to his son and handpicked her to marry him in 1966. Her only daughter is named Kim Hye-gyong, born in 1968, and is the first child of Kim Jong-il. They divorced in 1969.

title: Kim Jong-suk

text: Kim Jong-suk married Kim Il Sung in the Soviet Union, most likely in 1941. On February 16, 1941 (or 1942, sources vary), in the Soviet village of Vyatskoye, Kim Jong-suk gave birth to Kim Jong-il, who was given the Russian name "Yuri Irsenovich Kim," and the nickname "Yura." In 1944, Kim Jong-suk gave birth to a second son, Kim Man-il in Korean and "Alexander" or "Shura" in Russian. In 1946, she gave birth to daughter, Kim Kyŏng-hŭi. Augustina Vardugina, a woman from Vyatskoye, was in her teens when Kim Il-sung’s guerrilla group camped there. She remembers Kim Jong-suk, and how she would come to the village to barter military rations for chicken and eggs. Her son, Kim Jong-il, would be holding her hand.

title: Kim Pyong-il

text: Kim was born to Kim Il-sung and Kim Song-ae, Kim Il-sung's former secretary. Kim had one younger brother, Yong-il, and one older half-sister, Kyong-hui, who would go on to marry senior official Chang Sung-taek. He was named after another son with the same name, who was born in Vyatskoye in 1944; that son, also known as Shura Kim, allegedly drowned in Pyongyang in 1947. He graduated from Kim Il-sung University with a major in economics, and later attended the Kim Il-sung National War College, following which he was appointed a battalion commander.

title: Kim Seon-il

text: Kim Seon-il, sometimes spelled as Kim Sun-il (born 11 June 1985) is a South Korean football defender.

title: Death and state funeral of Kim Jong-il

text: Kim Jong-un Kim Yong-nam Choe Yong-rim Ri Yong-ho Kim Yong-chun Jon Pyong-ho Kim Kuk-thae Kim Ki-nam Choe Thae-bok Yang Hyong-sop Kang Sok-ju Pyon Yong-rip Ri Yong-mu Kim Kyong-hui Kim Yang-gon Kim Yong-il Pak To-chun Choe Ryong-hae Jang Song-thaek Ju Kyu-chang Kim Rak-hui Thae Jong-su Kim Phyong-hae Kim Jong-gak U Tong-chuk Kim Chang-sop Mun Kyong-dok Ri Thae-nam O Kuk-ryol Kim Chol-man Ri Ul-sol Jon Ha-chol Kang Nung-su Ro Tu-chol Jo Pyong-ju Han Kwang-bok Paek Se-bong Ri Yong-su Choe Hui-jong O Il-jong Kim Jong-im Chae Hui-jong Kim Ki Ryong Jang Pyong-gyu Kim Pyong-ryul Hong In-bom Ri Man-gon Ju Yong-sik Kwak Pom-gi O Su-yong Ro Pae-gwon Pak Thae-dok Kim Hi-thaek Kang Yang-mo Rim Kyong-man Kim Kyong-ok Kim Myong-guk Kim Won-hong Hyon Chol-hae Han Tong-gun Jo Kyong-chol Pak Jae-gyong Pyon In-son Yun Jong-rin Jong Myong-do Ri Pyong-chol Choe Sang-ryo Kim Yong-chol Kang Phyo-yong Kim Hyong-ryong Ri Yong-hwan Kim Chun-sam Choe Kyong-song Ri Myong-su Jon Hui-jong Ri Yong-gil Hyon Yong-chol Choe Pu-il Yang Tong-hun Ri Pong-juk Kim Song-chol Pak Kwang-chol Ri Pyong-sam Jon Chang-bok O Kum-chol Kim In-sik Kim Song-dok Ryo Chun-sok Pak Sung-won Ri Yong-chol Pak Ui-chun Kim Hyong-sik Kim Thae-bong Jon Kil-su Ri Mu-yong An Jong-su Ri Ryong-nam Ryu Yong-sop Pak Myong-chol Kim Yong-jin Jang Chol Song Ja-rip Kim Jong-suk Kang Tong-yun Kim Pyong-ho Cha Sung-su Ryang Man-gil Yun Tong-hyon Ko Pyong-hyon Ri Pong-dok Pak Jong-gun Choe Yong-dok Jong In-guk Jon Ryong-guk Ri Hyong-gun Hwang Sun-hui Paek Kye-ryong Kim Tong-il Kim Tong-i Ri Jae-il Pak Pong-ju Jong Myong-hak Kang Kwan-il Hwang Pyong-so Kwon Hyok-bong Hong Sung-mu Kim U-ho Han Chang-sun Ri Chun-il Ri Thae-sop Jo Song-hwan Tong Yong-il Ri Chang-han Ko Su-il Ri Kuk-jun Sin Sung-hun Ri Thae-chol Yang In-guk Ri Hi-su Ri Chol Hyon Sang-ju Ri Myong-gil Ro Song-sil Tong Jong-ho Kang Min-chol Kim Hui-yong Jo Yong-chol Hwang Hak-won An Tong-chun Paek Ryong-chon Hong Kwan-sun Ri Su-yong Kim Yong-ho Pang Ri-sun Choe Chun-sik Ri Je-son Ri Sang-gun Ri Hong-sop Cha Yong-myong Kang Kwan-ju Thae Hyong-chol Kim Pyong-hun Kim Kye-gwan Han Chang-nam Kim Chang-myong Jon Chang-rim O Chol-san Son Chong-nam Jong Un-hak Cha Kyong-il Kang Ki-sop Choi Tae-il Choe Yong-do Ri Yong-ju Jon Kwang-rok Ri Chan-hwa So Tong-myong Jon Song-ung Ji Jae-ryong Kim Yong-jae Ri Yong-ho Hong So-hon Kim Tong-il Kim Tong-un Kim Pong-ryong Jo Jae-yong Choe Chan-gon Ryom In-yun Kim Chon-ho Jang Ho-chan Song Kwang-chol Ri Ki-su Ri Jong-sik Choe Hyon Jang Myong-hak Kang Hyong-bong Kim Chung-gol Kim Yong-gwang Choe Kwan-jun Jang Yong-gol Kim Myong-sik Ho Song-gil No Kwang-chol Jong Pong-gun Pak Chang-bom Choe Pong-ho Jong Mong-phil Jon Kyong-son Ri Song-gwon Choe Yong Kim Thae-mun Kim Yong-suk Cha Jin-sun Ri Min-chol Ri Il-nam Kim Chang-su Pak Myong-sun Choe Pae-jin Kim Chol Sim Chol-ho O Ryong-il Kye Yong-sam Ryu Hyon-sik Ko Myong-hui Pang Yong-uk Jang Jong-ju Ho Kwang-uk Ji Tong-sik Jong Pong-sok Choe Kwon-su Kim Yong-dae Ryu Mi-yong

title: Kim Jong-il

text: Soviet records show that Kim was born Yuri Irsenovich Kim (Russian: Юрий Ирсенович Ким)[6][7][8] in 1941 in the village of Vyatskoye, near Khabarovsk,[9] where his father, Kim Il-sung, commanded the 1st Battalion of the Soviet 88th Brigade,[10] made up of Chinese and Korean exiles. Kim Jong-il's mother, Kim Jong-suk, was Kim Il-sung's first wife. Inside his family, he was nicknamed "Yura", while his younger brother Kim Man-il (born Alexander Irsenovich Kim) was nicknamed "Shura".

title: Kim dynasty (North Korea)

text:
Kim Jong-il had four partners, and at least five children with three of them. He fathered Kim Jong-nam in 1971 with film star Song Hye-rim, and Kim Sul-song in 1974 with his first wife, Kim Young-suk. His second mistress, Ko Yong-hui, was the ""de facto" First Lady of North Korea". She was born in Japan to a Korean father and Japanese mother. Their three children are Kim Jong-chul (born 1981), Kim Jong-un (born 1983), and Kim Yo-jong (born 1987). He did not have children with his fourth partner, Kim Ok. The two half-brothers Kim Jong-un and Kim Jong-nam never met, because of the ancient practice of raising potential successors separately.
From the early 1980s onward, Kim Jong-il dichotomized the Kim Family between its main, or central, branch ("won kaji") and its side, or extraneous, branch ("kyot kaji"). The main branch referred to Kim Il-sung’s family with Kim Jong-suk and publicly included Kim Jong-il and Kim Kyong-hui. The side branch referred to Kim Il-sung’s family with Kim Sung-ae and included the three children from their marriage.

title: Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee

text: Actress Choi Eun-hee was abducted in Hong Kong when she was propositioned to direct a film and possibly run a performing academy in a Hong Kong school. She was taken from Repulse Bay and arrived in Nampo Harbor, North Korea, on January 22, 1978. She was housed in a luxury villa called Building Number 1. She toured the city and was shown Pyongyang as well as Kim Il-sung's birthplace, among other landmarks and museums. She was given a tutor who instructed her on the life and achievements of Kim Il-sung. Kim Jong-il took her to movies, operas, musicals, and parties. He asked her opinion on various films and respected her perspective. It was five years before she knew that she had been kidnapped as bait for Shin.

title: Kim dynasty (North Korea)

text: Kim Il-sung married twice and had six children. He met his first wife, Kim Jong-suk, in 1936, and she bore Kim Jong-il, Kim Man-il, and Kim Kyong-hui before dying while bearing a stillborn daughter. Kim Jong-suk was born 24 December 1917 in Hoeryong in (North) Hamgyo’ng Province. Her family and she fled Korea to Yanji, Jilin (Kirin) Province around 1922. In October 1947, Kim Jong-suk presided over the establishment of a school for war orphans in South P’yo’ngan Province, which became the Mangyo’ngdae Revolutionary School. When the school opened in west Pyongyang one year after its foundation, Kim Jong Suk also unveiled the country's first statue to Kim Il-sung. In 1949, Kim Jong-suk was once again pregnant. She continued public activities, but her health diminished. She died on 19 September 1949 due to complications from pregnancy. Kim Il-sung had three children with his second wife, Kim Song-ae: Kim Kyong-il (born 1951), Kim Pyong-il (born 1953), and Kim Yong-il (born 1955). He had two younger brothers, Kim Chol-ju and Kim Yong-ju and a sister.

title: Kim Il-sung

text: Kim Il-sung married twice. His first wife, Kim Jong-suk (1919–1949), gave birth to two sons before her death in childbirth during the delivery of a stillborn girl. Kim Jong-il was his oldest son. The other son (Kim Man-il, or Shura Kim) of this marriage died in 1947 in a swimming accident. Kim married Kim Sung-ae in 1952, and it is believed he had three children with her: Kim Yŏng-il (not to be confused with the former Premier of North Korea of the same name), Kim Kyŏng-il and Kim Pyong-il. Kim Pyong-il was prominent in Korean politics until he became ambassador to Hungary. Since 2015 Kim Pyong-il has been ambassador to the Czech Republic. Kim was reported to have other children with women he was not married to. They included Kim Hyŏn-nam (born 1972, head of the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Workers' Party since 2002).

title: Kim Young-sook

text: Kim Young-sook (, born 1947) was the third wife of Kim Jong-il. She was the daughter of a high-ranking military official, and was a switchboard operator in North Hamgyong Province before moving to Pyongyang. Kim Jong-il's father, Kim Il-Sung, handpicked her to marry his son. The two had been estranged for some years before his death. Kim Young-sook had a daughter from this marriage, Kim Sul-song (born 1974). She was First Lady of North Korea from 1994 to late 2011.

title: Kim Hong-il (footballer)

text: Kim Hong-il (Hangul: 김홍일; Hanja: 金弘一; born 29 September 1987) is a South Korean footballer who currently plays for Suwon FC in K League Challenge.

title: Kim Jong-il

text: Kim's first wife, Hong Il-chon, was the daughter of a martyr who died during the Korean War. She was handpicked by his father and married to him in 1966. They have a girl called Kim Hye-kyung,[110] who was born in 1968. Soon, they divorced in 1969.

title: Day of the Shining Star

text: Kim's birthday had been provisionally celebrated from 1976 on, but it became a national holiday only in 1982, two days after he became a member of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea. When he ascended to the leadership of the country, his birthday was marked as "The Spring of Humanity" on the North Korean calendar. During his lifetime, though, Kim shunned away from public occasions during his birthdays. The anniversary got its present name in 2012, the year following his death, when the Politburo announced that: "February 16, the greatest auspicious holiday of the nation when the great leader Comrade Kim Jong Il was born, will be instituted as the Day of the Shining Star". An equestrian statue with Kim Jong-il and Kim Il-sung was revealed to commemorate the day.

title: Changsan Revolutionary Site

text: It commemorates Kim Jong-il partaking in an effort to plant trees on Mount Chang with students of the Pyongyang Middle School No. 1 in 1957. He also helped in constructing the Wasan-dong–Ryongsong Road there in May–June 1961 when he was still a student at Kim Il-sung University. Kim Jong-il's activities at the site to "carry out the far-reaching plans of th great leader President Kim Il-song for the construction of the capital and building of Armed Forces" continued into 1962. Kim also guided military exercises of students of the Pyongyang Namsan Senior Middle School and Kim Il-sung University there many times. Taking part in these efforts were some of the first signs of Kim Jong-il rising in political profile thus readying to succeed his father Kim Il-sung as the leader of North Korea.

title: North Korean cult of personality

text: Over the past half-century, the North Korean system has promoted an image of not only Kim Il-sung, but also his family, as a nationalist cult. (see Other) Thus, Kim Il-sung staked his claim as uniquely deserving and qualified to the exclusion of all other potential claimants to leadership by promoting the myth of an impressive family lineage. Kim Il-sung was not only descended and born of revolutionary leaders, but he married a revolutionary leader (Kim Jong-suk) and fathered a revolutionary leader (Kim Jong-il). This in turn would help justify the succession of Kim Jong-il and then Kim Jong-un in replacing their fathers. The idea is that as long as his bloodline continues to rule, Kim Il-sung’s righteous and godlike spirit lives on in the North Korean leadership.

title: The Tale of Shim Chong (film)

text: Shin sent the negatives of "The Tale of Shim Chong" to Kim Guh-wha, a Shin Film representative in Hong Kong to add Chinese subtitles. Kim was the man whom, as Shin later discovered, had handed him over to North Korean agents in Hong Kong in 1978. The negatives went missing at some point. Shin rediscovered the negatives when he visited Kim Jong-il's film archives in Pyongyang.


query: When was Colette Justine born?

title: Colette Justine

text: Colette Justine better known as Colette and from 2001 Colette Lumiere (born 1952 in Tunis, Tunisia) is a French-born, American multimedia artist known for her pioneering work in performance art, street art and her use of photography constructed photograph. She is also known for her work exploring male and female gender roles, different guises and personas and for her soft fabric environments where she often appears as the central element.[1]

title: Colette Justine

text: In 1985 during her stay in Berlin, Three monographs were published on her work: 1."From Silk To Marble" - a series of photographs of Colette transforming herself with a white sheet into sculptures of different periods of history, thus documented the style and fashion of that period.were exhibited with an opening performance re-enacting the images live. Künstlerhaus Bethanien (with the Torkil Gudnason) helped her document the images right before her departure to Berlin. 2."Colette new works and paintings" - 85 for her solo show at the Berlin Kunstverein (published by Kammerer & Unverzagt) and 3."Art on Stage", distributed by the Stadtische Galerie Nordon (Germany). Colette presented a multimedia installation / performance with her works on the stage of its auditorium. Its co-publisher was Daniel Newburg Gallery (New York Gallery which represented her work during that period).

title: Colette Justine

text: Colette begun using the name "Lumiere" publicly following the September 11 attacks after she was allowed to reenter her Lower Manhattan atelier, which had been covered with white dust from the nearby catastrophe.

title: Colette Lorand

text: Born Colette Grauaug in Zurich, she grew up in a musical family. Her grandmother had been a celebrated singer in Hungary. Colette studied at the Musikhochschule Hannover, later privately with Melitta Hirzel in Zurich.

title: DJ Colette

text:
Colette Marino (born May 27, 1975 in Chicago, Illinois), known as DJ Colette or mononymously as Colette, is a house music DJ and vocalist from Chicago, Illinois. She is a resident DJ at the SmartBar in Chicago, Illinois (along with Kaskade and others). She first gained attention when she started singing over her mixes as DJ.
She started DJing in the early 1990s. In 1993, she helped form the all-female DJ group SuperJane with DJ Heather, DJ Dayhota, and Lady D.

title: Colette Justine

text: In 2008–2009 Colette converted her studio at the Marie Walsh Sharpe Art into a home environment, and began a series of new metaphysical portraits; mostly of friends and colleagues:Alessandra Anderson Spivy, Roger Webster, Anthony Hayden Guest, Katerina Otto Bernstein, Donald Bachlor, Kevin Baker etc.. ; and a few celebrities of her generation; David Bowie, Jim Jarmusch, Bill Murray, Susan Sarandon, Blondie and Richard Gere. the studio was open to the public in spring 2009. In February 2010 Colette exhibited these portraits and her "Street Paintings" at Destination Art Space in an installation: "That's All She Wrote" (a 3-minute music video documenting this transition and putting closure to the tragedy of losing her atelier). For the Windows of Boutique/art space she created a Valentine onsite installation "The Letter" with light blue rushed and torn satin, shredded soft white wig material and a Colette Mannequin sculpture holding "a return to sender" envelope.

title: Colette Justine

text: In 1993, an exhibition at LOK gallery in the Meatpacking District titled "The Ruins and Rise of the House of Olympia" Colette presented her new works. A Colette mannequin replaced her presence.

title: China Rich Girlfriend

text: The police discover that Colette's assistant Roxanne was behind the poisoning, which was done in response to Colette's tearful concerns that her inheritance would be reduced through Carlton and her father would less likely approve of their match. Despite Colette's lack of knowledge to the situation, Carlton blames Colette and breaks up with her. Nick is hesitant and does not trust her, but Rachel agrees to meet with Colette, and accepts her apology. Colette later demands that Rachel help her and Carlton reconcile. Rachel does not want to pressure her brother into anything, and Colette becomes hysterical, accusing Rachel of keeping them apart as a vindictive punishment. She begins loudly yelling at her, also accusing her of being jealous and trying to imitate her. Rachel responds by calling out Colette for being a spoiled and selfish brat. She points out that she learned to be grateful in what she had in having a loving supportive family and working hard in the real world. Rachel claims that Colette never knew how hard the real world was since Colette had been spoiled all her life. The argument ends when Rachel tells Colette to grow up. The incident is taped and becomes widely viewed on the internet. Humiliated, Colette loses her sponsorship to a popular fashion designer label. This is made worse when she learns through the tabloids that her father, Jack, had been having an affair with Kitty behind her and her mother's back.

title: Colette Justine

text: By 1992 Colette returned to New York and made it once again her primary residence, while continuing to travel and exhibit abroad, especially to Munich and Berlin. During that time her art was represented by the Dorsky Gallery where she exhibited new works from the Bavarian adventure and "the figures come to life". In 1990 the Rempire Gallery in SoHo presented "Through the Looking glass" and "Love in ruins /the artist and her Muse"_ The works from "The secret lives of Count and Countess Reichenbach" were featured among other works referring to other muses, friends, and well-known personages: a portrait of Frida Kahlo and a large light box "the bath" with a young Jeff Koons- (made from a still image of her video "Justine & the Boys"). The Persona Olympia" emerged in 1990 in Munich when she was beginning the process of returning to New York permanently. In 1991, her work was exhibited with Joseph Beuys, John Armedledder in the group show "The Invisible Body" curated by Alan Jones at the Rempire Gallery in NYC.

title: Colette

text: In 1912 Colette married Henry de Jouvenel, the editor of "Le Matin". A daughter, Colette de Jouvenel, nicknamed "Bel-Gazou", was born to them in 1913. During World War I Colette devoted herself to journalism. The marriage allowed her to devote her time to writing.

title: Colette Justine

text: In 1981 she broke record attendance in three consecutive museums shows: her retrospective - "Colette - 10 Years of Work" at the Kunstverein Munster (with a monograph published by Politi); "Other Realities" at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Houston, Texas (other artists that participated with individual openings weeks apart were Robert Wilson, Joan Jonas, Vito Acconci, and Eleonor Antin); and in the show Persona at the New Museum with the Mr. Apology, Lynn Hershmann and Eleanor Antin.

title: Colette Justine

text: Other public installation/performances putting closure to a period before Colette's departure for Berlin, were Justine's thrift shop on West Broadway (her beautiful dreamer uniforms and gowns were offered for sale to the public with a window work of that theme), and "Art on Stage" a multimedia event held at Danceteria.

title: Colette Justine

text: In 1975 Colette was asked to participate in "Fashion as Fantasy" at Rizzoli's bookstore. In this fashion/art event (co-curated by Frederico Suro), a larger-than-life perforated light box of Colette was featured, while throughout the store and its windows Colette performed as "Ragdoll" with veiled breasts, a Victorian corset, bloomers and boots. Images of her "look" and her habit of wearing and incorporating undergarments began to appear not only in art publications, but also in fashion and popular press: Art News, Women's Wear Daily, and Daily News. References to Colette's look worn in art and life, are still made as having inspired a young Madonna and later Lady Gaga. During this time Colette begun to be referred to as a "walking performance".

title: Colette Justine

text: Colette's first performance/photo work took place in 1970 when she had herself photographed as "Liberty Leading the People" after Delacroix. She presented this work to the public in 1972. In an installation, composed of white parachute silk, embedded lighting, [lightboxes, lavender-painted floors inscribed with her personal code and audios, she posed as Liberté. This tableau vivant could also be viewed from the windows of the gallery. Fred McDarrah photographed it for The Village Voice in January 1973.

title: Colette Justine

text: Colette the artist has been documented in films and videos on her life and art. the most recent documentary a Pirate in Venice by Friedericke Schaefer, "Looking for Gaga " by Josh Gilbert. went viral January 2012.Colette the Artists (Art Tapes by Paul Tschinkell (1993), Charlie Ahearn (1995), Enzo Capio (2000), Michel Auder (1970s to 1980s), Anton Perich (1970s to 1980s), Robert Polidori (1979), Wolfgang Staehle (1983) and Werner Rauenne (1984). Marc Miller interviews her in Paul Tschinkell's Inner Tube. in 1983. in a video that also included interviews with Robert Longo.

title: Colette Justine

text: In 1997 the "Salon de la Refusee" at the Gerswirn Hotel was viewed both by an art audience as well as random passers-by. Through its windows a Colette mannequin sculpture was installed in the gallery space, along with Colette's new works and objects, that incorporated her life's costumes. Simultaneously, In a show titled Art?fashion, another Colette mannequin sculpture dressed in one of her rushed gowns worn in live performances during her"Nightclubbing"days of the early 1980s was featured at the downtown Guggenheim Museum. Nightclubs continued to be a place of celebration after her opening exhibitions as well as a and showcase for her art. ex; The Palladium 1992, Life Club in 1997 after the opening of Le Salon de La Refusee, The Limelight in 1990, and in 1998 a multimedia production with art work, video installations, and a tableau appearance for the opening to songs co-written with Jacob Engel. 1990& 1998-., Club U.S.A "to celebrate chivalry and good manners".

title: Colette Justine

text: list of other shows in - Laboratoire Lumiere has participated in 2011:

title: Colette Justine

text: Colette's Early Street Works and Window Works were presented the Academy of Arts, Berlin for the React feminism exhibition in 2008[4] and in the traveling show "React Feminism II" which opened October 7, 2011 in Centro Cultural Montehermoso, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.[5] The show traveled, with its last presentation in July 2013 in Berlin.

title: List of A Series of Unfortunate Events characters

text: In "The Penultimate Peril", Colette was present at the Hotel Denouement where she posed as a chemist in a long white coat and surgical mask staying at the Hotel Denouement that is outside of the sauna when Frank or Ernest Denouement suggests that she takes Sir and Charles to room 547 where Organic Chemistry is. During the blindfolded trial, Colette submitted some drawings as evidence. When Hotel Denouement was starting to catch on fire, Hugo, Colette, and Kevin were last seen holding the bird paper that Klaus hung on the outside of the sauna. Colette talks about plucking the feathers off some crows. It is left uncertain if Colette survived the fire at the Hotel Denouement.

title: Colette Justine

text: In 1990 in an exhibition in Munich at Carol Johnssen Gallery "Visits to the Normal World" Colette began to use the name Olympia. It was the first of seven solo shows at that gallery. In 1991 she presented her Colettesized commissioned portraits in "The Aristocrats"; among the portraits of local aristocrats were Leslie and Dedlef Von Waggonheim, Kiki and Eckbert Von Buehlen & Urbach; and an installation featuring "The Unnunciation". The subject Colette as "the Countess Reichenbach" (with her then boyfriend actor Misha Tregor ("Count Reichenbach") a regular at the Kammerspiele theater in Munich). In 1991

title: Colette Justine

text: In 2011, art critic Alan Jones curated a solo show of her works at Paolo Barozzi Gallery in Venice during the Biennale;and the following her The Film "A Pirate in Venice" a documentary on Colette shot in Venice by Friedericke Taylor, was presented for the first time in NY at the Gershwirn Hotel May 2012 and again the following year. On 14 February 2013, Valentine's Day, Colette had a solo exhibition titled "Colette & Sandy " where she exhibited over 40 works from the 70's till 2012. Works that had been excavated,some embellished from Laboratoire Lumiere. her studio/storage which had been under 9ft of water due to Sandy. Her works were also featured MAy 2013 on 98 bowery on line site. and can still be viewed there. She was featured in group show at Peanut Underground NYC ' Pirate Utopia" opening the same day as another viewing of her film "A Pirate in Venice", which was also featured in the Mikenos Art Biennale that summer. In October 2013, she participated on the panel at the Brooklyn Museum, organized by the Collage center, and the Sackler division of feminist art at the museum. About the same time the travelling show React Feminism II. closed at The Berlin Akademie Der Kunste curated by Beatrice Stammer and Bettina Knaup. For the new Year, and Thru Feb 2nd. 2014 IFAC curatorial, opened their headquarters on Delancey St, with a" Homage to Colette" which presented works from her "Reverse Pop" Justine of the Colette is Dead Co. 78-83. February 6 to March 6 she was featured in "Japonism in Contemporary Art"at the Nippon Club, curated by Emil Memon and Kyoko Saito Ono. On Feb 18, 2014 (till March 23rd). Undercurrent Projects, previously knows as Peanut Underground, opened their new space on March 18th with a solo exhibition "Metaphysical Portraits and other Experiments from Laboratoire Lumiere>. An installation in process. Featured were her new "Metaphysical Portraits " which included the series "Artists& the silver Screen".

title: Colette Deréal

text: Colette Deréal (born Colette Denise de Glarélial; 22 September 1927 in Saint-Cyr-l'École, Seine-et-Oise (now Yvelines), France – 12 April 1988 in Monaco) was a French actress and singer.

title: Colette of Corbie

text: The mother gave birth successfully, and survived the ordeal. She credited Colette's prayers for this. The child born, a girl named Pierinne, later entered a monastery founded by Colette. She would become Colette's secretary and biographer.

title: Colette Justine

text: Through the nineties Colette continued to seek various settings and stages in which to exhibit. Eighteenth century salon inspired and "Colettesized"artworks were installed in environments created for them:- ex;" Colette goes Uptown "Uptown Downtown gallery" (1995), Eugenia Cucalon (1996) "the House of Olympia persists its way unto reality ", "Me Myself and I", Carol Johnssen, Munich. At the Lowen Palais part of the Starke Foundation in Berlin, she was given her own "Colette Salon". There she periodically appeared and entertained in eighteenth century style, and presented her latest comissined portraits and works of art work of her choice.

title: Colette Justine

text: Her Pearl Street atelier in New York, which was written about by Arturo Schwarz, Peter Selz, Brendan Gill, Jeffrey Deitch and Alan Jones, and published in Vogue, the New York Times, Art Forum, and The National Enquirer (1995) was demolished in November 2007. A 16-minute film The Last Days of Pearl Street documented the destruction with Street Work "Appearances" by Colette.

title: Adrian "Fletch" Fletcher

text: Writers established a link between Fletch and Colette when it emerges that they were engaged fifteen years previously, but she jilted him on their wedding day. Delamere explained that Colette jilted Fletch because she wanted to explore other things before settling down. The pair have "unresolved issues" which make Fletch's new job difficult. Delamere explained that Fletch would be "an unwelcome blast from the past who gets under Colette's skin!", while Walkinshaw teased that Fletch would have to decide how to create a working relationship with Colette. Guy hires Fletch to annoy Colette, which Fletch fails to realise. Delamere thought that Guy's actions were cruel for Colette. Colette realises Guy's intentions and reacts badly to Fletch's arrival. Fletch hopes for a "fresh start" when he arrives, but struggles with this when he is confronted with Colette. Their meeting is the first time that they have seen each other since Colette jilted Fletch on their wedding day. Walkinshaw told Wilson ("What's on TV") that although Fletch and Colette need to have a talk about that day, Fletch wants to get on with his job. He also said that "it's a bit of a shock to both of them" to see each other and there is clear tension between the pair. The actor explained that Fletch decides to deal with his past with Colette and develop a better working relationship with her, but encounters a lot of "bickering and banter". Walkinshaw enjoyed the fun scenes between Fletch and Colette where they argue.

title: Colette Justine

text: Later that year at Clocktower she presented "The Dream Series", an exhibition curated by Alanna Heiss. In a large square room, "Real Dream", made of rushed pink satin, embedded lighting and audios, Colette slept nude at its center everyday for the duration of the exhibition. This show was a topic of Jeffrey Deitch interview with Colette for WPS1 art radio in 2009.[6]

title: Colette Justine

text: In 1978 Fiorucci invited her to do an exhibition, which included a sleeping installation performance in the windows of the West 59th Street store in NYC. Soon after, Fiorucci began using live models in the store and Colette's "Victorian Punk Look" became part of the 1980s NYC "Downtown New Wave" world. In 1979 Emilio Fiorucci commissioned her to create a line of clothes for the store. Her "Deadly Feminine Line" was showcased in the windows of the boutique and Colette staged a fashion art performance at the Mudd Club in celebration.

title: Colette Justine

text: In 1978 Colette staged a mock death in an installation/performance at the Downtown Whitney titled "The Last Stitch" part of the "Out of the House" exhibition. She performed her resurrection at PS1 now part of MOMA a few days later as "Justine and the Victorian Punks"[7] (the first in a series of living personas). Justine armed with Colette's vision posed as a recording star, fashion designer, inventor & conceptualizer of products - "The Beautiful Dreamer" (Colette) doll, perfume, beautiful dreamer bed, fashions, lps etc... And was the head of the Colette's estate.

title: Colette Justine

text: Other shows and highlights of that period concentrated on reaching larger audiences and Colette began using the label "C.I.A. - Colette Institute of Art" and its no 1. Moto - "Fight Terror with Glamor, also " beware of When In Pink ". She presented her C.I.A. (Colette institute of Art) with an installation performance on April 1st at the NYC club" Crowbar". In "Domestic Bliss" (1994), an arresting vision that featured a long pink table with Lumiere plates, could be seen from the streets of Rosenthal's Madison Avenue Rosenthal's Show Room. The Mannequin replacing Colette, was attached to a long table with a train containing at its end a large pile of record albums size artworks from "The Story of my life" series.(78-)


query: How common is acetaminophen poisoning?

title: Paracetamol poisoning

text: Paracetamol poisoning was first described in the 1960s.[4] Rates of poisoning vary significantly between regions of the world.[6] In the United States more than 100,000 cases occur a year.[2] In the United Kingdom it is the medication responsible for the greatest number of overdoses.[5] Young children are most commonly affected.[2] In the United States and the United Kingdom paracetamol is the most common cause of acute liver failure.[7][2]

title: Kidney failure

text: Overuse of common drugs such as ibuprofen, and acetaminophen (paracetamol) can also cause chronic kidney disease.

title: Desonide

text: Common medications causing a minor negative drug interaction include: Insulin and Metformin. Common medications checked in combination, but that are not known to create a negative drug interaction, include: Aspirin, Cymbalta (duloxetine), Fish Oil, Acetaminophen, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D3, and Zyrtec.

title: Pharmacotoxicology

text: Acetaminophen (APAP) is a very common drug used to treat pain. High doses of acetaminophen has been shown to produce severe hepatotoxicity after being biotransformed to produce reactive intermediates. Acetaminophen is metabolized by CYP2E1 to produce NAPQI, which then causes significant oxidative stress due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can cause cellular damage in a multitude of ways, a few of which being DNA and mitochondrial damage and depletion of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione. In terms of drug-drug interactions, acetaminophen activates CAR, a nuclear receptor involved in the production of metabolic enzymes, which increases the metabolism of other drugs. This could either cause reactive intermediates/drug activity to persist for longer than necessary, or the drug will be cleared quicker than normal and prevent any therapeutic actions from occurring. Ethanol induces CYP2E1 enzymes in the liver, which can lead to increased NAPQI formation in addition to that formed by acetaminophen.

title: Rabbits (film)

text: "Rabbits" was used as a stimulus in a psychological experiment on the effects of acetaminophen on existential crisis. The research, in a paper entitled "The Common Pain of Surrealism and Death" suggested that acetaminophen acted to suppress the effects of surrealism.

title: Dog health

text: Some common household chemicals are particularly dangerous to dogs:Poisoning with pain medications is common. Aspirin, paracetamol (acetaminophen, Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil), and naproxen (Aleve) can all cause severe clinical signs in dogs, including vomiting blood, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Specifically, aspirin can cause metabolic acidosis and bleeding disorders, acetaminophen can cause liver disease, ibuprofen can cause kidney disease, and naproxen can cause ulcers in the stomach, which can perforate. Treatment depends on the clinical signs.

title: Salicylate poisoning

text: During the latter part of the 20th century, the number of poisonings from salicylates declined, mainly because of the increased popularity of other over-the-counter analgesics such as paracetamol (acetaminophen). Fifty-two deaths involving single-ingredient aspirin were reported in the United States in 2000; however, in all but three of these cases, the reason for the ingestion of lethal doses was intentional—predominantly suicidal.

title: Oxycodone/paracetamol

text: On June 30, 2009, an FDA advisory panel recommended that Percocet, Vicodin, and every other combination of acetaminophen with narcotic analgesics be limited in their sales because of their contributions to an alleged 400 acetaminophen-related deaths in the United States each year, that were attributed to acetaminophen overdose and associated liver damage.

title: Celecoxib

text: For postoperative pain, it is more or less equal to ibuprofen. For pain relief, it is similar to paracetamol (acetaminophen). And in osteoarthritis, acetaminophen is the first line treatment. In knee and hip osteoarthritis, acetaminophen may be ineffective.

title: Tension headache

text: Over-the-counter drugs, like acetaminophen, aspirin, or NSAIDs(ibuprofen, Naproxen, Ketoprofen), can be effective but tend to only be helpful as a treatment for a few times in a week at most. For those with gastrointestinal problems (ulcers and bleeding) acetaminophen is the better choice over aspirin, however both provide roughly equivalent pain relief. It is important to note that large daily doses of acetaminophen should be avoided as it may cause liver damage especially in those that consume 3 or more drinks/day and those with pre-existing liver disease. Ibuprofen, one of the NSAIDs listed above, is a common choice for pain relief but may also lead to gastrointestinal discomfort.

title: Cheese (recreational drug)

text: Due to the high concentrations of non-opiate substances relative to the diamorphine content of the drug, abuse and overdose of cheese are more dangerous than pure-form opiate overdoses. Emergency personnel must address the overdose effects of each component of the drug, since the contents and concentrations of each component vary widely among batches they must wait for either the completion of the toxicology report to begin treatment or wait for the effects of each drugs overdose to manifest. The acetaminophen content of the drug induces severe, irreversible damage to the liver when taken in high doses for long periods of time. Very high doses of acetaminophen are capable of producing acute liver failure and death within hours, patients who survive this acute phase of the toxicity generally require dialysis and eventually a liver transplant. Due to the many methods of preparation a user can not know how much acetaminophen is in any given batch and therefore can not reliably determine a safe dose. A dose of the last batch which produced no toxic effects may produce lethal effects in the next batch.

title: Antipyretic

text: Many medications have antipyretic effects and thus are useful for fever but not in treating illness, including:The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) notes that improper dosing is one of the biggest problems in giving acetaminophen (paracetamol) to children. The effectiveness of acetaminophen alone as an antipyretic in children is uncertain, with some evidence showing it is no better than physical methods. Therapies involving alternating doses of acetaminophen and ibuprofen have shown greater antipyretic effect than either drug alone. One meta-analysis indicated that ibuprofen is more effective than acetaminophen in children at similar doses when both are given alone.

title: Hydrocodone/paracetamol

text: "Acetaminophen has been associated with cases of acute liver failure, at times resulting in liver transplant and death. Most of the cases of liver injury are associated with the use of acetaminophen at doses that exceed 4000 milligrams per day, and often involve more than one acetaminophen-containing product."

title: Hibiscus

text: It is postulated that "H. sabdariffa" interacts with diclofenac, chloroquine and acetaminophen by altering the pharmacokinetics. In healthy human volunteers, the "H. sabdariffa" extract was found to reduce the excretion of diclofenac upon co-administration. Additionally, co-administration of Karkade ("H. sabdariffa"), a common Sudanese beverage, was found to reduce chloroquine bioavailability. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen when administered with the Zobo ("H.sabdariffa") drink. Further studies are needed to demonstrate clinical significance.

title: Tylenol (brand)

text: Before the poisonings, Tylenol brands held around 35% of the US market for acetaminophen and in the immediate aftermath, fell to 8%. Within a year sales had rebounded to the prior levels.[9] J&J's handling of the crisis has been widely cited as an example of optimal crisis management.[10]

title: History of poison

text: In the late 20th century, an increasing number of products used for everyday life proved to be poisonous. The risk of being poisoned nowadays lies more in the accidental factor, where poison be induced or taken by accident. Poisoning is the 4th most common cause of death within young people. Accidental ingestions are most common in children less than 5 years old.

title: Acute liver failure

text: Common causes for acute liver failure are paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, idiosyncratic reaction to medication (e.g. tetracycline, troglitazone), excessive alcohol consumption (severe alcoholic hepatitis), viral hepatitis (hepatitis A or B — it is extremely uncommon in hepatitis C), acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and idiopathic (without an obvious cause). Reye syndrome is acute liver failure in a child with a viral infection (e.g. chickenpox); it appears that aspirin use may play a significant role. Wilson's disease (hereditary copper accumulation) may infrequently present with acute liver failure. Acute liver failure also results from poisoning by the death cap mushroom ("Amanita phalloides") as well as other amatoxin-producing fungus species. Certain strains of "Bacillus cereus" - a common species of bacterium implicated as a frequent cause of food poisoning - can cause fulminant liver failure through the production of Cereulide, a toxin which destroys the mitochondria in affected hepatocytes, resulting in cell death. While most instances of "B. cereus" infection are resolved by the body's immune system and do not affect the liver, severe cases resulting in liver damage can be fatal without immediate treatment or liver transplantation.

title: Mentha pulegium

text: There is no known antidote for pennyroyal toxicity. Case studies involving pennyroyal poisonings have reported the use of gastric lavages and administration of emetics, or vomiting inducing agents, like activated charcoal. As glutathione depletion has been shown to regulate liver toxification, administration of N-acetylcysteine in similar doses as given for acetaminophen toxicity have been given to patients.

title: History of poison

text: Over the centuries, the variety of harmful uses of poisons continued to increase. The means for curing these poisons also advanced in parallel. In the modern world, intentional poisoning is less common than the Middle Ages. Rather, the more common concern is the risk of accidental poisoning from everyday substances and products.

title: Isoniazid

text: People taking isoniazid and acetaminophen are at risk of acetaminophen toxicity. Isoniazid is thought to induce a liver enzyme which causes a larger amount of acetaminophen to be metabolized to a toxic form.

title: Chinese alchemical elixir poisoning

text:
When Xianzong's son and successor Emperor Muzong (r. 820–824) came to the throne, he executed the alchemists who had poisoned his father, but later began to take immortality elixirs himself. An official wrote Muzong an 823 memorial that warned:
Medicines are for use against illnesses, and should not be taken as food. … Even when one is ill medicines must be used with great circumspection; how much more so when one is not ill. If this is true for the common people how much more so will it be for the emperor! Your imperial predecessor believed the nonsense of the alchemists and thus became ill; this your majesty already knows only too well. How could your majesty still repeat the same mistake? (tr. Needham and Ho 1970: 319)
The emperor appreciated this reasoning but soon afterwards fell ill and died from poisoning. Palace eunuchs supposedly used poisonous elixirs to assassinate Muzong's young successor Emperor Jingzong (r. 824–827) (Needham et al. 1976: 151, 182).

title: Paracetamol poisoning

text: Paracetamol poisoning, also known as acetaminophen poisoning, is caused by excessive use of the medication paracetamol (acetaminophen).[3] Most people have few or non-specific symptoms in the first 24hours following overdose.[1] This may include feeling tired, abdominal pain, or nausea.[1] This is typically followed by a couple of days without any symptoms after which yellowish skin, blood clotting problems, and confusion occurs as a result of liver failure.[1] Additional complications may include kidney failure, pancreatitis, low blood sugar, and lactic acidosis.[1] If death does not occur, people tend to recover fully over a couple of weeks.[1] Without treatment some cases will resolve while others will result in death.[1]

title: Hydrocodone/paracetamol

text:
Hydrocodone/paracetamol, also known as hydrocodone/acetaminophen, is the combination of the pain medications hydrocodone and paracetamol (acetaminophen). It is used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is taken by mouth. Recreational use is common in the United States.
Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, constipation, and vomiting. Serious side effects include addiction, respiratory depression (a decreased effort to breathe), low blood pressure, serotonin syndrome, severe allergic reactions, and liver failure. Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. Use with alcohol is not recommended. Hydrocodone works by binding to the mu-opioid receptor. How acetaminophen works is unclear.
Hydrocodone/paracetamol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982. In the United States it is a schedule II controlled substance. In 2016 it was the 13th most prescribed medication in the United States with more than 43 million prescriptions. It is not available in the United Kingdom. It is sold under the trade name Vicodin among others.

title: Paracetamol

text: Acute overdoses of paracetamol can cause potentially fatal liver damage. In 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration launched a public-education program to help consumers avoid overdose, warning: "Acetaminophen can cause serious liver damage if more than directed is used." In a 2011 Safety Warning, the FDA immediately required manufacturers to update labels of all prescription combination acetaminophen products to warn of the potential risk for severe liver injury and required that such combinations contain no more than 325 mg of acetaminophen. Overdoses are frequently related to high-dose recreational use of prescription opioids, as these opioids are most often combined with acetaminophen. The overdose risk may be heightened by frequent consumption of alcohol.

title: Glutathione

text: Additionally, compounds such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and alpha lipoic acid (ALA, not to be confused with the unrelated alpha-linolenic acid) are both capable of helping to regenerate glutathione levels. NAC in particular is commonly used to treat overdose of acetaminophen, a type of potentially fatal poisoning which is harmful in part due to severe depletion of glutathione levels. It is a precursor of cysteine.

title: Paracetamol poisoning

text: One strategy for reducing harm done by acetaminophen overdoses is selling paracetamol pre-combined in tablets either with an emetic[49] or an antidote. Paradote was a tablet sold in the UK which combined 500mg paracetamol with 100mg methionine,[51] an amino acid formerly[17] used in the treatment of paracetamol overdose.

title: Timeline of the 2007 pet food recalls

text:
The FDA announces that acetaminophen has not been found in five samples of cat food and two samples of dog food.
FDA spokesman Mike Herndon says that, "At this point, FDA sees no compelling need to analyze any more samples for acetaminophen." A third, independent lab also did not detect acetaminophen. It is not clear whether the FDA checked samples of the same brands of food in which acetaminophen was allegedly found because the initial laboratory could not initiate contact with the FDA or publicly identify the manufacturer because of client confidentiality. Only if the FDA contacted the lab could information be shared, and the FDA did not do this until June 12.

title: Chicago Tylenol murders

text: The Chicago Tylenol murders were a series of poisoning deaths resulting from drug tampering in the Chicago metropolitan area in 1982. The victims had all taken Tylenol-branded acetaminophen capsules that had been laced with potassium cyanide. A total of seven people died in the original poisonings, with several more deaths in subsequent copycat crimes.

title: Fioricet

text: Fiorcet historically contained 50 mg of butalbital, 40 mg of caffeine, and 325 mg of acetaminophen per dose. However, in accordance with FDA guidelines advising manufacturers to limit doses of acetaminophen in prescription drugs, the acetaminophen content was lowered to 300 mg as of 2014.

title: Timeline of the 2007 pet food recalls

text: On the same day, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals announces that "fears of widespread contamination of pet food with acetaminophen are unfounded," confirming the results of FDA investigators. The ASPCA collaborated with toxicologists with the California Animal Health and Food Safety System at the University of California, Davis. They found no acetaminophen contamination in three cans of the same food that tested positive for acetaminophen at a Texas laboratory. Additionally, since the cat that had eaten the food suffered kidney, but not liver, failure, acetaminophen poisoning seems unlikely.

title: Chronic liver disease

text: Many herbal and antioxidant remedies have been advocated for chronic liver disease but the evidence is not conclusive. Some support may be found in the orthodox medical use of two of these: N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), is the treatment of choice for acetaminophen overdose; both NAC and milk-thistle (Silybum marianum) or its derivative silibinin are used in liver poisoning from certain mushrooms, notably Amanita phalloides, although the use of milk-thistle is controversial. Some common herbs are known or suspected to be harmful to the liver, including black cohosh, ma huang, chaparral, comfrey, germander, greater celandine, kava, mistletoe, pennyroyal, skull cap and valerian.


query: What states are at the Four Corners?

title: Four Corners

text: The Four Corners is a region of the United States consisting of the southwestern corner of Colorado, southeastern corner of Utah, northeastern corner of Arizona, and northwestern corner of New Mexico. The Four Corners area is named after the quadripoint at the intersection of approximately 37° north latitude with 109° 03' west longitude, where the boundaries of the four states meet, and are marked by the Four Corners Monument. It is the only location in the United States where four states meet. Most of the Four Corners region belongs to semi-autonomous Native American nations, the largest of which is the Navajo Nation, followed by Hopi, Ute, and Zuni tribal reserves and nations. The Four Corners region is part of a larger region known as the Colorado Plateau and is mostly rural, rugged, and arid. In addition to the monument, commonly visited areas within Four Corners include Monument Valley, Mesa Verde National Park, Chaco Canyon, Canyons of the Ancients National Monument and Canyon de Chelly National Monument. The most populous city in the Four Corners region is Farmington, New Mexico, followed by Durango, Colorado.

title: Four Corners

text: The United States acquired the four corners region from Mexico after the end of the Mexican–American War in 1848. In 1863 Congress created Arizona Territory from the western part of New Mexico Territory. The boundary was defined as a line running due south from the southwest corner of Colorado Territory, which had been created in 1861. This was an unusual act of Congress, which almost always defined the boundaries of new territories as lines of latitude or longitude, or following rivers. By defining one boundary as starting at the corner of another Congress ensured the eventual creation of four states meeting at a point, regardless of the inevitable errors of boundary surveying.[1] The area was first surveyed by the U.S. Government in 1868 as part of an effort to make Colorado Territory into a state, the first of the Four Corners states formed. The first marker was placed at the spot in 1912.[2] The first Navajo tribal government was established in 1923 to regulate an increasing number of oil exploration activities on Navajo land.[3]

title: Four Corners, San Diego County, California

text: Four Corners is an unincorporated community residential community in San Diego County, California, United States. Four Corners borders San Diego Country Estates communities to the south in the North County Inland region of the San Diego metropolitan area. Part of Four Corners is also located within the San Diego Country Estates limits or census-designated place.

title: Four Corners, Langlade County, Wisconsin

text: Four Corners is an unincorporated community located in the town of Evergreen, Langlade County, Wisconsin, United States. Four Corners is located on Wisconsin Highway 64 west of White Lake.

title: Four-Corner Method

text: The four-corner method, in its three revisions, was supported by the Chinese state for a while, and is found in numerous older reference works and some still in publication. The small Kangorin Sino-Japanese Dictionary by Yoneyama had a four-corner index when it was introduced in the 1980s, but it has been since deleted.

title: Sanfords Four Corners, New York

text: Sanfords Four Corners (also Sanford's Corners) is a hamlet in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The hamlet is in the town of Le Ray and is part of the Calcium census-designated place.

title: Delaware Route 273

text: What is now DE 273 originally existed as a county road by 1920. Four years later, the portion of road through Newark was upgraded to a state highway while the road was paved between Hares Corner and New Castle. A year later, the section between Ogletown and Christiana was planned as a state highway while the section east of Basin Road was upgraded to a state highway. In 1930, the road between the Maryland border and Newark was built as a state highway, providing a shorter route to the Conowingo Dam in Maryland. The following year, US 40 was designated to run on the portion of road between Hares Corner and New Castle, where it connected to a ferry across the Delaware River to Pennsville, New Jersey. Also by this time, all of present-day DE 273 was upgraded to a state highway except the portion of US 40 between Hares Corner and Basin Road. In 1934, recommendations were made to upgrade US 40 to a state highway between Hares Corner and New Castle. The portion of US 40 between Hares Corner and New Castle was taken over by the state on July 1, 1935. Construction on upgrading this section began in 1936. This project was completed later that year. The same year, a bridge was constructed over a Pennsylvania Railroad line (now the Jack A. Markell Trail) in New Castle.

title: Four Corners Monument

text: The Four Corners Monument marks the quadripoint in the Southwestern United States where the states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah meet. It is the only point in the United States shared by four states, leading to the area being named the Four Corners region. The monument also marks the boundary between two semi-autonomous Native American governments, the Navajo Nation, which maintains the monument as a tourist attraction, and the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe Reservation.

title: Four Corners, Monroe County, Wisconsin

text: Four Corners is an unincorporated community located in the town of Little Falls, Monroe County, Wisconsin, United States. Four Corners is located at the junction of Wisconsin Highway 71 and Wisconsin Highway 162 southeast of Melrose.

title: Four Corners

text: Four Corners Monument List of regions of the United States Four Corners radio stations Canadian four corners Quadripoint TAG Corner Trail of the Ancients National Scenic Byway, Four Corners, Colorado and Utah Trail of the Ancients Scenic Byway (New Mexico) List of tripoints of U.S. states

title: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

text: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome was first recognized during the 1993 outbreak in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. It was identified by Dr. Bruce Tempest. It was originally called Four Corners disease, but the name was changed to Sin Nombre virus after complaints by Native Americans that the name "Four Corners" stigmatized the region. It has since been identified throughout the United States.

title: Four Corners, Florida

text: The United States Census Bureau area is based on census tracts. The complete area of Four Corners is larger and can be described as north along US 27 to Lake Louisa State Park (4 miles north of US 192), south along US 27 to Heart of Florida Hospital (3 miles south of I-4), west to SR 33, and east to Walt Disney World and Celebration. Four Corners has a total area of 180 square miles (470 km2). Four Corners is the only community in Florida to be located in four counties.

title: Delaware Route 896

text: What is now DE 896 originally existed as a county road by 1920, with the portion between Boyds Corner and Mount Pleasant proposed as a state highway at that time. Four years later, the state highway between Boyds Corner and Mount Pleasant was completed while the rest of the route was paved. A year later, the road was upgraded to a state highway between Mount Pleasant and Summit Bridge. In 1936, the road became a state highway between Summit Bridge and Glasgow; at this time none of present-day DE 896 was assigned a route number. On December 21, 1936, the grade crossing with the Pennsylvania Railroad (now Amtrak's Northeast Corridor) along College Avenue in Newark was replaced with a bridge over the tracks. In 1938, the state highway between Glasgow and Newark was built on a new alignment, bypassing a narrow winding alignment that ran further to the east along what is now Old Cooch's Bridge Road. This road was built to give Newark a better road connection to places further south.

title: Four Corners

text: Six governments have jurisdictional boundaries at the Four Corners Monument: the states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah, as well as the tribal governments of the Navajo Nation and Ute Mountain Ute Tribe.[7] The Four Corners Monument itself is administered by the Navajo Nation Department of Parks and Recreation.[2] Other tribal nations within the Four Corners region include the Hopi and other Ute.[8] The Four Corners is home to the capital of the Navajo tribal government at Window Rock, Arizona.[3] The Ute Mountain Ute Tribal headquarters are located at Towaoc, Colorado.[9]

title: Four corners (law)

text: In contract interpretation, the Four Corners Rule refers to a common law doctrine dating back to old English courts that requires the court to resolve contractual disputes based on the words contained in the disputed contract. The four corners doctrine is similar to the Parole Evidence Rule, which prohibits a contracting party from introducing evidence separate from the contract that would change fundamentally the intended understanding as written in the contract. However, the Four Corners Doctrine prohibits a party from introducing evidence to interpret an unambiguous term. The doctrine also requires a court to discern what the contracting parties intended by using the whole document; no cherry picking. Most commercial contracts contain a clause entitled either "Merger", "Integration", or "Entire Agreement". In this clause, there would usually be language indicating that the parties' understanding of the other provisions of the contract are contained within the four corners of the same. Many modern contracts have taken it further to state that the entire agreement is contained within the agreement and that the agreement supersedes all prior understandings. The following is an incomplete list of examples where courts used the Four Corners Doctrine while interpreting the disputed-document:

title: Four Corners, Florida

text: Four Corners, also known as Citrus Ridge, is an unincorporated suburban community and census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Florida, located at a quadripoint formed by Lake, Orange, Osceola, and Polk counties. The population of the Four Corners CDP was 26,116 at the 2010 census.

title: Four Corners, Douglas County, Wisconsin

text: Four Corners is an unincorporated community located in the town of Superior, Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States. Four Corners is located at the junction of County Roads A and B, south of the city of Superior.

title: 1993 Four Corners hantavirus outbreak

text: The 1993 Four Corners hantavirus outbreak was an outbreak of hantavirus that caused the first known human cases of hantavirus disease in the United States. It occurred within the Four Corners region – the geographic intersection of the U.S. states of Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona – of the southwestern part of the country in the spring of 1993. This region is largely occupied by Native American tribal lands, including the Hopi, Ute, Zuni, and Navajo reservations, from which many of the cases were reported.

title: Poeppel Corner

text: Poeppel Corner (known as Poeppel's Corner in Queensland) at latitude 26° S and longitude 138° E is a corner of state boundaries in Australia, where the state of Queensland meets South Australia and the Northern Territory. As with the other three corners it is a destination for four-wheel-drive tourists. Poeppel Corner is about 174 km west of Birdsville, in the middle of the Simpson Desert.

title: Fremont Hotel and Casino

text: The Fremont Hotel and Casino is one of the casinos and hotels currently located in Downtown Las Vegas that is part of the Fremont Street Experience. The casino is located on what is commonly referred to as the four corners. These are the four main hotels that are located on the corner of Casino Center Boulevard and Fremont Street. The four casinos making up the four corners are The Fremont, the Four Queens, the Golden Nugget, and Binion's Gambling Hall and Hotel. Casino Center Boulevard is the only through street that passes under the canopy of the Fremont Street Experience. It passes between the Fremont and the Four Queens located on one side of the boulevard and The Golden Nugget and Binions located on the opposite side of the Boulevard.

title: Karaite Judaism

text: A Tzitzit (alternatively spelled Ṣiṣit, plural: Tzitziyot or Ṣiṣiyot) is a knotted or braided tassel worn by observant Jews (both Karaite and Rabbinic) on each of the four corners of what is often an outer garment or their Tallit. The Torah commands Israel to make tassels on the corners of their four-cornered garment containing a thread of "Tekhelet" () and repeats this commandment using the word for "twisted cords" ("Gedilim") instead of "tassels" at . The purpose of the tassels is stated in the Book of Numbers as a visual reminder to the Israelites to remember the commandments given by God.

title: Four Corners Monument

text: Even after the mistakes in the reports were discovered, a spokesperson for the U.S. National Geodetic Survey admitted the monument is placed east of where modern surveyors would mark the point. However, he defended the accuracy of the original survey, stating surveyors "nailed it" considering the primitive tools of the day. Pointing out the achievement given the conditions, he further stated, "Their ability to replicate that exact point — what they did was phenomenal, what they did was spot on." He concluded by stating that any claims of errors in the location of the monument are irrelevant. Once a survey commissioned to establish a boundary has been accepted by the involved parties, the survey markers are legally binding, regardless of any error that is later discovered. Similar statements were issued by the Navajo Nation, defending their work in maintaining and promoting the monument. In addition, general U.S. land principles, law, and the Supreme Court have established that the location of the monument is the legal corner of the four states.

title: Quadripoint

text: The Four Corners Monument is the only point in the United States where four states meet: Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet at right angles. The United States first acquired the area now called Four Corners from Mexico after the Mexican–American War in 1848. In 1863 Congress created Arizona Territory from the western part of New Mexico Territory. The boundary was defined as a line running due south from the southwest corner of Colorado Territory, which had been created in 1861. By defining one boundary as starting at the corner of another Congress ensured the eventual creation of four states meeting at a point, regardless of the inevitable errors of boundary surveying. The monument is centered at .

title: Four Corners (disambiguation)

text: Four Corners is a region in the southwestern United States where the corners of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet.

title: Four Corners Monument

text: The monument where "visitors can simultaneously straddle the territory of four states" is maintained as a tourist attraction by the Navajo Nation Parks and Recreation Department. Unlike many other attractions based on what are (or were) primarily political boundaries, such as the Berlin Wall, Four Corners Monument is an example of a political boundary that is a tourist destination in its own right. The monument consists of a granite disk embedded with a smaller bronze disk around the point, surrounded by smaller, appropriately located state seals and flags representing both the states and tribal nations of the area. Circling the point, starting from north, the disk reads with two words in each state "Here meet in freedom under God four states". Around the monument, local Navajo and Ute artisans sell souvenirs and food. An admission fee is required to view and photograph the monument. The monument is a popular tourist attraction despite its remote and isolated location. As early as 1908, people traveled long distances to take pictures of family and friends at the monument in Twister-like poses, sitting on the disk, in a circle of friends or family around the disk, or for couples to kiss directly over the disk.

title: Palmyra (village), New York

text: Palmyra claims to be the only city or village in the U.S. to have four churches at a four corner intersection facing each other. It is one of ten places in the world that has four churches on the four corners of two intersecting highways. The "four corners" churches are at the intersection of New York State Route 21 and New York State Route 31.

title: Catskill Park

text: An idea that the Catskill Center had been pressing for bore fruit in 1973 when, again following in footsteps of what it had recently done in the Adirondacks, the state created a Temporary Commission to Study the Future of the Catskills. It took in as its area of study not just the Park but everywhere that could possibly be considered part of the Catskill region: all four counties of the Park, as well as Schoharie, Otsego and two towns in the southwestern corner of Albany County. It was the state's first-ever effort to look at what resources the Catskills had and what could be done with them.

title: Pearsons Corner, Delaware

text: The single greatest change to the landscape of Pearson's Corner in the 20th century was the construction of Delaware Route 8 (Halltown Road) between Pearson's Corner and Marydel. The Delaware State Highway Department granted Contract CK-9 to Harrison Engineering & Construction Corporation of Buffalo, New York on March 29, 1922 for work on a 6.2 mile section of roadway between Marydel and Pearson's Corner (Delaware State Highway Department 1922). Between 1939 and 1941, the Delaware State Highway Department widened State Routes 44 and 8 by four to six feet between Dover and Everett's Corner. Touted as a “long awaited improvement,” the first contract for the widening of State Route 44 between Dover and Pearson's Corner was completed in 1939 (Delaware State Highway Department 1939) and the improvements to the section of State Route 8 between Pearson's Corner and Everett's Corner were completed two years later (Delaware State HighwayDepartment 1941).

title: Killerton

text: In 2016 an archeological dig discovered what is believed to be a footprint of an intended replacement home to the current Killerton. Reports believe that this is what has been known in history as the lost house of Devon, of 240 years, designed by architect James Wyatt. It is a shortish walk from the current site, but still within the grounds, and it’s existence was obscured by a copse that looks to have been deliberately planted to hide it. Killerton have placed woodwork in all four corners of what they believe would have been the corners of the intended property above the footprints found. They have also placed a door and frame on what they believe would have been the entrance to the intended billiard room. Killerton’s information boards on the site state that there is an intention for further archeological digs in the future.

title: Four Corners of Law

text:
The Four Corners of Law is a term commonly used to refer to the intersection of Meeting and Broad Streets in Charleston, South Carolina. It was coined in the 1930s by Robert Ripley, creator of "Ripley's Believe it or Not!" and refers to the buildings occupying the four corners of the intersection:
The term "Four Corners of Law" represents the presence of institutions representing federal, state, local and ecclesiastical law on each corner of the intersection.


query: What is the home stadium of Arsenal Football Club?

title: Emirates Stadium

text: The Emirates Stadium (known as Ashburton Grove prior to sponsorship, and as Arsenal Stadium for UEFA competitions) is a football stadium in Holloway, London, England, and the home of Arsenal F.C.. With a capacity of 60,260 it is the third-largest football stadium in England after Wembley Stadium and Old Trafford.

title: 2008–09 Ukrainian Premier League

text: The laureates of the 2008–09 UPL season were:FC Kharkiv played in Sumy, because Dynamo Stadium in Kharkiv which was recently bought by the club requires major renovations. The club returned to their home ground in April for their 24th Round game against Tavriya. Arsenal Kyiv, who also has a chronic problem with obtaining its own home ground, shared three stadiums in the first half of the season. Initially allowed to play at Lobanovsky Dynamo Stadium, Arsenal was forced to seek another home venue during its times financial hardship. Arsenal was spotted by Obolon Kyiv that let the club utilize the Obolon Stadium. As the problem continues to be unresolved with Arsenal's home field, they could possibly relocate from Kiev, with some speculations of moving to Sumy Oblast.

title: Underhill Stadium

text: Underhill Stadium was a stadium in Chipping Barnet, London, that was the home of Barnet Football Club between 1907 and 2013. It has been the training ground of the London Broncos rugby league club since 2014; the clubs under-19 team also play their fixtures there. Before being demolished the stadium was recorded as having a final capacity of 6,023. The stadium was famous for its slope from the North to South end. It was also used for Arsenal reserve games until 2012.

title: Arsenal F.C.

text: In 1886, Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, becoming close neighbours of Tottenham Hotspur, and creating the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the nearby Emirates Stadium. In terms of revenue, Arsenal was the sixth highest-earning football club in the world, earned €487.6m in 2016–17 season. Based on social media activity from 2014 to 2015, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world. In 2018, Forbes estimated the club was the third most valuable in England, with the club being worth $2.24 billion.

title: Arsenal tube station

text: Arsenal is a London Underground station located in Highbury, London. It is on the Piccadilly line, between Holloway Road and Finsbury Park stations, in Travelcard Zone 2. Originally known as Gillespie Road, it was renamed in 1932 after Arsenal Football Club, who at the time played at the nearby Highbury Stadium. It is the only tube station named directly after a football club in the United Kingdom. Although Highbury Stadium closed in 2006, the station retains its name and is still used by spectators attending matches at Arsenal's nearby Emirates Stadium.

title: Berekum Arsenal F.C.

text: Berekum Arsenal Football Club is a Ghanaian football club based in Berekum. They are a member of the Division One League. Their home stadium is Berekum Sports Stadium.

title: Gillespie Road

text: Gillespie Road is a road in Highbury, north London, running east-west along the north side of the Arsenal Stadium, previously home of Arsenal Football Club. Arsenal Underground station was originally named "Gillespie Road", before being given its current name in 1932 following pressure from the club. At the time of Arsenal's move to the nearby Emirates Stadium in July 2006, an email was circulated by supporters of rival club Tottenham Hotspur inviting petitions to the Mayor of London, asking him to give the station back its original name  which proved unsuccessful. The "Gillespie Road" name, however, is famously displayed on the original Edwardian platform tiling to this day.

title: 1998–99 Arsenal F.C. season

text: Winning the Premier League the previous season ensured Arsenal's qualification into the UEFA Champions League. They last participated in Europe's premier competition seven years ago, losing to Portuguese club Benfica, in the second round; the competition since was rebranded. In order to boost attendance figures, Arsenal was granted permission by UEFA and the Football Association to host their home Champions League matches at Wembley Stadium. A Wembley spokesman added "We would be delighted for Arsenal to use the stadium. It makes financial sense."

title: DYuSSh Arsenal Stadium

text: Stadion DYuSSh Arsenal is the home ground of Russian Professional Football League farm club FC Arsenal-2 Tula. The infrastructure has a maximum capacity of 1000.

title: Ownership of Arsenal F.C.

text: Arsenal Holdings plc wholly owns twelve subsidiary companies, covering the group's activities. These include Arsenal Football Club plc (the football club itself), Arsenal (Emirates Stadium) Limited (which develops and owns Arsenal's Emirates Stadium), Arsenal Stadium Management Company (which manages the stadium on matchdays), and Arsenal Overseas Ltd (which manages retail operations). Other subsidiaries deal with property development on the site of Arsenal's former stadium at Highbury and the associated property holding and financing.

title: List of Arsenal F.C. records and statistics

text: This section applies to attendances at Highbury, where Arsenal played their home matches from 1913 to 2006, the Emirates Stadium, the club's present home, and Wembley Stadium, which acted as Arsenal's home in the UEFA Champions League during the 1998–99 and 1999–2000 seasons. Arsenal's attendance figures since the move to the Emirates Stadium have been measured by tickets sold.

title: Arsenal F.C.

text: Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing. The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.

title: 2005–06 Arsenal F.C. season

text: The 2005–06 season was the 108th season of competitive football played by Arsenal. It was the final season in which home matches were played at the club's Highbury stadium after 93 years; Arsenal intended to move to its new 60,000 capacity Emirates Stadium in time for the following season. The club ended their Premier League campaign in fourth, having pipped local rivals Tottenham Hotspur to the position on the final day. Arsenal became the first London club to reach a UEFA Champions League final, though lost 2–1 to Barcelona in Paris. In the League Cup the club was eliminated in the semi-finals on aggregate score by Wigan Athletic and knocked out of the FA Cup, against Bolton Wanderers in the fourth round.

title: Arsenal F.C. in European football

text: As Arsenal finished fourth in the league, in the following season the club needed to play a third qualifying round, against Dinamo Zagreb in order to participate in the Champions League group stages. The team won 1–5 on aggregate, including a 3–0 victory in the first European match at the Emirates Stadium. Arsenal was eliminated in the Round of 16 stage, losing on the away goal ruling to PSV Eindhoven. In the 2007–08 season, Arsenal equalled their biggest home win in European football, scoring seven against Slavia Prague. The club beat holders Milan in the subsequent round, earning critical acclaim for their style of football, not least from Marcello Lippi: "It would be good for football if Arsenal could win. They play on the ground, they manoeuvre the ball, very, very well. It's very fast and very technical." At the quarter-final stage, Liverpool defeated Arsenal 5–3 on aggregate to set up a semi-final tie against Chelsea.

title: Arsenal Wanderers

text: Arsenal Wanderers is a Mauritian football club founded in 1885 based in Arsenal village. They play in the pamplemousses regional league in Mauritian football. Their home stadium is Stade Anjalay.

title: Arsenal Stadium

text: The post-Taylor capacity of Highbury was limited to 38,419, while Arsenal's success during the 1990s and 2000s meant that virtually every home match was filled to near capacity. Restrictions, such as the East Stand's status as a listed building and the fact the stadium was surrounded on all sides by a residential area, made any future expansion of Highbury difficult and expensive, although the club's directors would have liked to have kept Arsenal at a modernized and expanded Highbury. In October 1998, just after Arsenal started playing Champions League games at Wembley, the club made an unsuccessful bid to buy the stadium and make it their permanent home to share with the England national football team, although at the time Wembley was two years away from closure for a redevelopment which was not completed until more than six years later.

title: Arsenal F.C.

text: Arsenal's financial results for the 2014–15 season show group revenue of £344.5m, with a profit before tax of £24.7m. The footballing core of the business showed a revenue of £329.3m. The Deloitte Football Money League is a publication that homogenizes and compares clubs' annual revenue. They put Arsenal's footballing revenue at £331.3m (€435.5m), ranking Arsenal seventh among world football clubs. Arsenal and Deloitte both list the match day revenue generated by the Emirates Stadium as £100.4m, more than any other football stadium in the world.

title: Kolos Stadium (Boryspil)

text: Kolos Stadium is a multifunctional facility, primarily used for football and field hockey located in Boryspil, Kiev Oblast, Ukraine. Currently the Ukrainian Premier League football club Arsenal Kyiv plays their home games at the stadium.

title: 2018 EFL Cup Final

text: Arsenal, like Manchester City were involved in Europe (UEFA Europa League and entered the League Cup in the third round. They were drawn at home against Football League One side Doncaster Rovers. At the Emirates Stadium, Theo Walcott's goal in the 25th minute was enough to settle the outcome in favour of Arsenal. In the next round they faced Championship club Norwich City at home. Arsenal progressed with a 2–1 win after extra time after Eddie Nketiah was brought on as a substitute and scored his first two goals for the club.

title: Emirates Stadium

text: Arsenal's initial proposal to rebuild Highbury was met with disapproval from local residents, as it required the demolition of 25 neighbouring houses.[18] It later became problematic once the East Stand of the stadium was granted Grade II listing in July 1997.[19] After much consultation, the club abandoned its plan, deciding a capacity of 48,000 was not large enough.[20] Arsenal then investigated the possibility of relocating to Wembley Stadium and in March 1998 made an official bid to purchase the ground.[21][22] The Football Association (FA) and the English National Stadium Trust opposed Arsenal's offer, claiming it harmed England's bid for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, which FIFA itself denied.[22] In April 1998, Arsenal withdrew its bid and Wembley was purchased by the English National Stadium Trust.[23] The club however was given permission to host its UEFA Champions League home ties at Wembley for the 1998–99 and 1999–2000 seasons.[24][25] Although Arsenal's time in the competition was brief, twice exiting the group stages, the club set its record home attendance (73,707 against Lens) and earned record gate income in the 1998–99 season, highlighting potential profitability.[26]

title: Arsenal F.C.

text:
Arsenal fans often refer to themselves as "Gooners", the name derived from the team's nickname, "The Gunners". The fanbase is large, generally loyal, and virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99.5% of available capacity), and, as of 2015, the third-highest all-time average attendance. Arsenal have the seventh highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund, FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich, and Schalke. The club's location, adjoining wealthy areas such as Canonbury and Barnsbury, mixed areas such as Islington, Holloway, Highbury, and the adjacent London Borough of Camden, and largely working-class areas such as Finsbury Park and Stoke Newington, has meant that Arsenal's supporters have come from a variety of social classes. Much of the Afro-Caribbean support comes from the neighbouring London Borough of Hackney and a large portion of the South Asian Arsenal supporters commute to the stadium from Wembley Park, North West of the capital. There was also traditionally a large Irish community that followed Arsenal, with the nearby Archway area having a particularly large community, but Irish migration to North London is much lower than in the 1960s or 1970s.
Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line. The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater participation in ownership of the club by fans. The club's supporters also publish fanzines such as "The Gooner", "Gunflash" and the satirical "Up The Arse!". In addition to the usual English football chants, supporters sing "One-Nil to the Arsenal" (to the tune of "Go West").

title: Arsenal Football Club Museum

text: The museum is currently housed in the Northern Triangle Building, to the immediate north of Emirates Stadium, the club's home ground. It had been previously housed inside the North Bank Stand of Arsenal's Highbury stadium from the stand's opening in 1993 to 2006, when Highbury was closed and redeveloped. It currently attracts over 120,000 visitors a year.

title: Invicta Ground

text: The Invicta Ground was a football stadium in Plumstead, south-east London, that was the home of club Royal Arsenal which is now known as Arsenal.

title: Arsenal Stadium

text: As well as being home to Arsenal, it also hosted games as home stadium for England matches; 12 internationals were played at Highbury from 1920 to 1961, most of them being friendlies. These included both England's first full home international against opposition outside of Great Britain and Ireland (Belgium in 1923), and the "Battle of Highbury", England's 3–2 win over World Champions Italy in 1934, where a record seven Arsenal players started the match, the most players from a single club to play in an England fixture. Highbury was also used as a football venue for two matches in the 1948 London Olympics – a first-round match and a quarter-final. It was also provisionally named as one of London's two host stadiums for the 1966 FIFA World Cup (along with Wembley), but was eventually dropped with White City Stadium taking the role instead. By the time of Euro 96, the pitch had been ruled too small for international football and the stadium would have been ineligible.

title: The Arsenal Stadium Mystery

text: The film is a murder mystery set, as the title suggests, at the Arsenal Stadium, Highbury, London, then the home of Arsenal Football Club, who were at the time (and remain) one of the dominant teams in English football. The backdrop is a friendly match between Arsenal and The Trojans, a fictitious amateur side. One of the Trojans' players drops dead during the match and when it is revealed he has been poisoned, suspicion falls on his teammates as well as his former mistress. Detective Inspector Slade (Leslie Banks) is called in to solve the crime.

title: Manor Ground (Plumstead)

text: The Manor Ground located in Plumstead, south east London was a football stadium. This arena was the home of football club Royal Arsenal, which was later named Woolwich Arsenal, and as so came to be known as Arsenal F.C..

title: Arsenal F.C.–Chelsea F.C. rivalry

text: The rivalry between Arsenal and Chelsea is a football local derby in London between the two clubs. Arsenal play their home games at the Emirates Stadium, while Chelsea play their home games at Stamford Bridge.

title: Arsenal W.F.C.

text: A number of the playing staff are employed by Arsenal to develop and co-ordinate the women's teams and club Academy. Ties between the two are close; sponsorship by Emirates and Puma (and Nike before that) is shared, and the women's club played on occasion at Arsenal's home stadium (Highbury until 2005–06 and Emirates Stadium since then).

title: Arsenal Stadium

text: Arsenal Stadium was a football stadium in Highbury, North London, which was the home ground of Arsenal Football Club between 6 September 1913 and 7 May 2006. It was popularly known as "Highbury" due to its location and was given the affectionate nickname of the "Home of Football" by the club.

title: KPT F.C.

text: Karachi Port Trust Football Club is a Pakistani football club based in Kharadar, Karachi. The club is affiliated with Karachi Port Trust and play their home matches at KPT Stadium in Kharadar. They are nicknamed "The Portmen" and referred to as "The Arsenal of Karachi" for their short passing games.