query: Who was the world chess champion in 2018?

title: World Chess Championship 2018

text: Coordinates: The World Chess Championship was a match between the reigning world champion since 2013, Magnus Carlsen, and the challenger Fabiano Caruana to determine the World Chess Champion. The 12-game match, organised by FIDE and its commercial partner Agon, was played at The College in Holborn, London, between 9 and 28 November 2018.[2][3]

title: World Chess Championship 2006

text: The World Chess Championship 2006 was a match between Classical World Chess Champion Vladimir Kramnik, and FIDE World Chess Champion Veselin Topalov. The title of World Chess Champion had been split for 13 years. This match, played between September 23 and October 13, 2006, in Elista, Kalmykia, Russia, was to reunite the two World Chess Champion titles and produce an undisputed World Champion.

title: Chess Classic

text: The Chess Classics were chess tournaments initiated by Hans-Walter Schmitt, they were organized in the years 1994 to 2010. Among other things, the world champions in rapid chess and - also under rapid chess time control - the world champion in Chess960 and the computer Chess960 world champion were determined.

title: World Senior Chess Championship

text: So far one male World Chess Champion – Vasily Smyslov – has gone on to win the World Senior Championship as well (at age of 70 in 1991). He has also been the first Senior World Chess Champion ever. Nona Gaprindashvili is the only female World Chess Champion to obtain the World Senior title as well.

title: Women's World Chess Championship 2018 (November)

text: The Women's World Chess Championship 2018 was a knock-out tournament to crown a new women's world champion in chess. It was the second world championship held in 2018, after the Tan Zhongyi vs Ju Wenjun match in May 2018. The tournament was played as a 64-player knockout type from 2 to 23 November in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia.

title: World Chess Championship 2010

text: In early 2006, FIDE announced that the World Chess Championship 2007 for the title of FIDE World Chess Champion would be an eight-player tournament. At the time there were two rival World Champions, 2005 FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov, and "Classical" World Champion Vladimir Kramnik. The list of the eight players for the tournament included Topalov, but not Kramnik. To unify the two World Champion titles, FIDE later organised a match between Kramnik and Topalov (the World Chess Championship 2006). Kramnik was to take Topalov's place in the World Chess Championship 2007 if he won the match, which he did. Topalov was hence excluded from the 2007 World Chess Championship, a tournament eventually won by Indian GM Viswanathan Anand to become the World Champion. Anand subsequently defended his title in a one-off match against Kramnik, the World Chess Championship 2008.

title: 43rd Chess Olympiad

text: The tournament featured nine out of the top ten players from the FIDE rating list published in September 2018 with only the current World Champion Magnus Carlsen being absent. Former World Champion Vishwanathan Anand returned to the Chess Olympiads on board one for India following a break of twelve years. Other players who played in the open section include the former World Chess Champion Vladimir Kramnik, the challenger in the World Chess Championship 2018 Fabiano Caruana, as well as the former challengers Sergey Karjakin and Boris Gelfand. Grandmaster Eugenio Torre, who was in the line-up of the Philippines for a record twenty-three times in the 1970–2016 period and was the highest-scoring player at the 42nd Chess Olympiad, decided not to play and was named coach of the Philippines national team in the open section. Former FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov did not play because a dispute between chess officials caused de-recognition of the Bulgarian Chess Federation by FIDE.

title: Chess

text: Karpov defended his title twice against Viktor Korchnoi and dominated the 1970s and early 1980s with a string of tournament successes. Karpov's reign finally ended in 1985 at the hands of Garry Kasparov, another Soviet player from Baku, Azerbaijan. Kasparov and Karpov contested five world title matches between 1984 and 1990; Karpov never won his title back. In 1993, Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short broke with FIDE to organize their own match for the title and formed a competing Professional Chess Association (PCA). From then until 2006, there were two simultaneous World Champions and World Championships: the PCA or Classical champion extending the Steinitzian tradition in which the current champion plays a challenger in a series of many games, and the other following FIDE's new format of many players competing in a tournament to determine the champion. Kasparov lost his Classical title in 2000 to Vladimir Kramnik of Russia. The World Chess Championship 2006, in which Kramnik beat the FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov, reunified the titles and made Kramnik the undisputed World Chess Champion. In September 2007, he lost the title to Viswanathan Anand of India, who won the championship tournament in Mexico City. Anand defended his title in the revenge match of 2008, 2010 and 2012. In 2013, Magnus Carlsen beat Anand in the 2013 World Chess Championship. He defended his title the following year, again against Anand. Carlsen confirmed his title in 2016 against the Russian Sergey Karjakin and in 2018 against the American Fabiano Caruana , in both occasions by a rapid tiebreaker match after equality in 12 games of classical time control, and is the reigning world champion.

title: Women's event at the 43rd Chess Olympiad

text: The women's section featured most of the top players according to the FIDE rating list published in September 2018 with the highest rated female player Hou Yifan and the former Women's World Champion Tan Zhongyi not playing for China. Former Women's World Champions Alexandra Kosteniuk, Anna Ushenina and Mariya Muzychuk are part of their national teams, while Antoaneta Stefanova was not playing because of the controversy with the Bulgarian Chess Federation. Sweden's Pia Cramling, who first played at the Chess Olympiads, was also not playing because of her role about captaincy.

title: Chess Today

text: Occasionally Chess Today includes interviews with Grandmasters and with other important individuals from the chess world. Some of the most notable interviews have been with Grandmasters Glek, Anand (five-time World Chess Champion), Svidler, Smyslov (former World Chess Champion), Spassky (former World Chess Champion) and Ponomariov (former FIDE World Chess Champion).

title: Open event at the 43rd Chess Olympiad

text: The tournament featured nine out of the top ten players from the FIDE rating list published in September 2018 with only the current World Champion Magnus Carlsen being absent. Former World Champion Vishwanathan Anand returned to the Chess Olympiads on board one for India following a break of twelve years. Other players who are playing in the open section include the former World Chess Champion Vladimir Kramnik, the upcoming challenger in the World Chess Championship 2018 Fabiano Caruana, as well as the former challengers Sergey Karjakin and Boris Gelfand. Grandmaster Eugenio Torre, who was in the line-up of the Philippines for a record twenty-three times in the 1970-2016 period and was the highest-scoring player at the 42nd Chess Olympiad, decided not to play and was named coach of the Philippines national team in the open section. Former FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov was not playing because a dispute between chess officials caused de-recognition of the Bulgarian Chess Federation by FIDE.

title: Vera Menchik

text: Vera Frantsevna Menchik (; ; 16 February 1906 – 27 June 1944) was a British-Czechoslovak-Russian chess player who became the world's first women's chess champion. She also competed in chess tournaments with some of the world's leading male chess masters, with occasional successes including two wins over future world champion Max Euwe.

title: Kateryna Lagno

text: She is a twice European Women's Champion and won two team gold medals at the Women's Chess Olympiad, in 2006 and 2014, playing for Ukraine and Russia respectively. She also won team gold at the Women's World Team Championship in 2013 playing for the Ukrainian team, and the Women's European Team Championship in 2013 and 2015 playing for Ukraine in the former and Russia in the latter. Lagno was also women's world champion in rapid chess in 2014 and in blitz chess in 2010 and 2018.

title: Candidates Tournament

text: The Candidates Tournament is a chess tournament organized by FIDE, chess's international governing body, since 1950, as the final contest to determine the challenger for the World Chess Championship. The winner of the Candidates earns the right to a match for the World Championship against the incumbent World Champion. The most recent FIDE World Chess Candidates tournament took place in Berlin from 10–28 March 2018.

title: Parham Maghsoodloo

text: Parham Maghsoodloo (born 11 August 2000) is an Iranian chess grandmaster. He was Iranian Chess Champion in 2017 and World Junior Chess Champion in 2018.

title: Women's World Chess Championship 2018 (May)

text: The 2018 Women's World Chess Championship Match was a match held between Tan Zhongyi, the 2017 Women's World Chess champion, and her challenger Ju Wenjun to determine the new women's world chess champion. Ju Wenjun qualified by winning the FIDE Women's Grand Prix 2015–16.

title: Classical World Chess Championship 2004

text: Garry Kasparov's split from FIDE in 1993 resulted in two lines of world chess champions. There was the 'Classical' world champion, the title that only passes on to a player when he beats the previous world champion. This was held by Kasparov, until he was defeated by Kramnik in the Classical World Chess Championship 2000. There was also the "Official" FIDE world champion who, at the time of this match, was Rustam Kasimdzhanov.

title: Chess World Cup 2007

text: The 2007 World Cup was part of the cycle for the World Chess Championship 2010. Gata Kamsky, as the winner of this tournament, played an eight-game match against Veselin Topalov in 2008, for the right to be the challenger for the World Chess Championship 2010. Ultimately Topalov won the match and will face World Champion Viswanathan Anand, who successfully defended his title against former champion Vladimir Kramnik at the World Chess Championship 2008.

title: World Rapid Chess Championship

text: The World Rapid Chess Championship is a chess tournament held to determine the world champion in chess played under rapid time controls. Prior to 2012, the FIDE gave such recognition to a limited number of tournaments, with non-FIDE recognized tournaments annually naming a world rapid champion of their own. Since 2012, FIDE has held an annual joint rapid and blitz chess tournament and billed it as the Word Rapid & Blitz Chess Championships. FIDE also helds the Women's Word Rapid & Blitz Chess Championship. The 2018 world rapid champion is the Russian grandmaster Daniil Dubov. Ju Wenjun from China is the 2018 women's world rapid champion.

title: World Chess Championship

text: The World Chess Championship (sometimes abbreviated as WCC) is played to determine the world champion in chess. Since 2014, the schedule has settled on a two-year cycle with a championship held in every even year. Magnus Carlsen has been world champion since he dethroned Viswanathan Anand in 2013. He then went on to successfully defend his title against Anand in 2014, against Sergey Karjakin in 2016 and against Fabiano Caruana in 2018.

title: Candidates Tournament 2018

text: The Candidates Tournament 2018 was an eight-player double round-robin chess tournament, which was held in Berlin, Germany, between 10–28 March 2018. The winner, Fabiano Caruana, earned the right to challenge the defending world champion, Magnus Carlsen of Norway, in the World Chess Championship 2018 match.

title: Chess in China

text: Below statistics is valid for "active" players only (as of Nov 2018):Tan Zhongyi won the 2017 Women's World Chess Championship, succeeding Hou Yifan, who had held the title since 2010. Previously there were three Chinese players who have been Women's World Champion, Xu Yuhua (2006-2008), Zhu Chen (2001–2004) and Xie Jun (twice: 1991–1996; 1999–2001).

title: World Chess Championship 2006

text: After Garry Kasparov split from FIDE in 1993, there were two world chess champions. There was the 'Classical' world champion, the title that only passes on to a player when he defeats the previous world champion. This was held by Kasparov, until he was defeated by Kramnik in the Classical World Chess Championship 2000. There was also the 'Official' FIDE world champion, determined by various tournament formats, held since the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 by Topalov.

title: World Rapid Chess Championship

text:
In 1988, FIDE organized the inaugural World Active Chess Championship, a 61-player rapid chess tournament in Mazatlan, Mexico hosted by the Mazatlan Hoteliers Association. Notable participants included:
The event was won by Anatoly Karpov, who edged out GM Viktor Gavrikov on tiebreak points after their 1st-place playoff ended in a 5-5 tie. Karpov was subsequently named the new "Active Chess Champion", winning a $40,000 cash prize in the process. Garry Kasparov, the current world champion, declined to participate in the event and derided the concept of an active chess champion afterwards - he was quoted as saying, “Active Chess? What does that make me, the Passive World Champion?”. The political controversy surrounding the event and the naming of a separate "active chess champion" led to the parallel rapid championship being dropped for future years.

title: Adolf Anderssen

text: Although most chess books regard Wilhelm Steinitz as the first true world champion, one of the organizers of the 1851 London International tournament had said the contest was for "the baton of the World’s Chess Champion". In fact Anderssen was not described as "the world champion", but the tournament established Anderssen as the world's leading chess player, at the time it had same meaning. The London Chess Club, which had fallen out with Staunton and his colleagues, organized a tournament that was played a month later and included several players who had competed in the International Tournament. The result was the same – Anderssen won.

title: 43rd Chess Olympiad

text: The women's section featured most of the top players according to the FIDE rating list published in September 2018 with the highest rated female player Hou Yifan and the former Women's World Champion Tan Zhongyi not playing for China. Former Women's World Champions Alexandra Kosteniuk, Anna Ushenina and Mariya Muzychuk were part of their national teams, while Antoaneta Stefanova did not play because of the controversy with the Bulgarian Chess Federation. Sweden's Pia Cramling, who first played at the Chess Olympiads, was also not playing because of a row about captaincy.

title: Fast chess

text: The 2018 world rapid chess champion is Daniil Dubov from Russia, and the 2018 world blitz chess champion is Magnus Carlsen. Ju Wenjun from China is the 2018 women's world rapid champion, and Kateryna Lagno from Russia is the 2018 women's world blitz champion.

title: Development of the World Chess Championship

text: Subsequent world championship matches returned to the format of a match between the champion and a challenger. The World Chess Championship 2008 was a 12-game match between the current champion Viswanathan Anand and 2006 champion Vladimir Kramnik. Anand convincingly defended his title in 11 games with 6½–4½. The World Chess Championship 2010 took place in April and May 2010, where Anand defeated 2005 FIDE champion Veselin Topalov (who defeated Chess World Cup 2007 winner Gata Kamsky in a match in February 2009 to determine Anand's challenger) to defend the title for the second time.

title: World Blitz Chess Championship

text: The World Blitz Chess Championship is a chess tournament held to determine the world champion in chess played under blitz time controls. Since 2012, FIDE has held an annual joint rapid and blitz chess tournament and billed it as the World Rapid & Blitz Chess Championships. The current world blitz champion is Magnus Carlsen.

title: Ferenc Berkes

text: Ferenc Berkes (born 8 August 1985) is a Hungarian chess grandmaster. He is an eight-time Hungarian Chess Champion, winning in 2004, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2018. In 2002, he was World Under 18 Champion. In 2004 he tied for 4th–16th in the 3rd Aeroflot Open in Moscow. He took part in the Chess World Cup 2011, but was eliminated in the second round by Zahar Efimenko.


query: What is the currency in Tunisia?

title: Tunisian dinar

text: The dinar (Arabic: دينار, French: Dinar, ISO 4217 currency code: TND) is the currency of Tunisia. It is subdivided into 1000 milim or millimes (ملّيم). The abbreviation DT is often used in Tunisia, although writing "dinar" after the amount is also acceptable (TND is less colloquial, and tends to be used more in financial circles); the abbreviation TD is also mentioned in a few places, but is less frequently used, given the common use of the French language in Tunisia, and the French derivation of DT (i.e., Dinar tunisien).

title: Central bank

text: At the most basic level, monetary policy involves establishing what form of currency the country may have, whether a fiat currency, gold-backed currency (disallowed for countries in the International Monetary Fund), currency board or a currency union. When a country has its own national currency, this involves the issue of some form of standardized currency, which is essentially a form of promissory note: a promise to exchange the note for "money" under certain circumstances. Historically, this was often a promise to exchange the money for precious metals in some fixed amount. Now, when many currencies are fiat money, the "promise to pay" consists of the promise to accept that currency to pay for taxes.

title: Khaleeji (currency)

text: The currency, if adopted, would be the sole legal tender in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar. Oman and the UAE have announced that they will not adopt the new currency until further notice. It would be seen as a further step in the expanding remit of what was originally intended as an organization for security cooperation between the GCC states, which then grew into an economic agreement and a customs union in 2001 and 2003. The terms of what would be called the "GCC Monetary Agreement" followed shortly after that, with the convergence criteria of the single currency being decided in 2005. Oman became the first state to pull out of the union, in 2006, and the UAE, in 2009, the second and so far last state to withdraw from this tentative agreement to create a single Gulf currency.

title: Central Bank of Tunisia

text: Tunisia had a historically low inflation. The Tunisian Dinar was less volatile in 2000–2010 than the currencies of its oil-importing neighbors, Egypt and Morocco. Inflation was 4.9% in fiscal year 2007–08 and 3.5% in fiscal year 2008–09.

title: Tunisian dinar

text: It is a criminal offence in Tunisia to import or export dinar. Every year, each citizen can convert into foreign currency up to 6,000 Tunisian dinars before departure from the country.[6] Therefore, prices at duty-free shops are in convertible currencies such as euros, US dollars and British pounds. There are many converting ATMs in the country for tourists.

title: Financial risk

text: Currency risk is the risk that foreign exchange rates or the implied volatility will change, which affects, for example, the value of an asset held in that currency. Currency fluctuations in the marketplace can have a drastic impact on an international firm's value because of the price affect on domestic and foreign goods, as well as the value of foreign currency denominate assets and liabilities. When a currency appreciates or depreciates, a firm can be at risk depending on where they are operating and what currency denominations they are holding. The fluctuation in currency markets can have effects on both the imports and exports of an international firm. For example, if the euro depreciates against the dollar, the U.S. exporters take a loss while the U.S. importers gain. This is because it takes less dollars to buy a euro and vice versa, meaning the U.S. wants to buy goods and the EU is willing to sell them; it's to expensive for the EU to import from U.S. at this time.

title: Tremulous

text: In addition to requiring a certain stage, each human item or alien class must be purchased using currency earned in game. The aliens are awarded "frags" for killing their foes which may be used to evolve (these points are commonly called "evolution points" or "evos" by players). The Humans gain "credits". Players earn currency by killing enemy players or by destroying enemy spawn or power structures ("Reactor" and "Overmind"); the amount of received currency depends on what class the opponent was (or what structure was destroyed) and how much of the target's total damage was dealt by the killing player. As a mechanism to encourage builders, who naturally don't engage in combat, players are also rewarded currency every two minutes by simply staying alive.

title: Currency analytics

text: Currency analytics allow companies to mitigate cash flow risk by uncovering accounting exposures to match the economic exposures so the company can hedge the accounting exposure as a proxy. Currency analytics enable what/if scenario analysis so companies can model how volatility in particular currencies could impact their revenue and expenses in the future.

title: Thenae

text: Thenae was founded as a Phoenician colony on the Mediterranean coast of what is now southeastern Tunisia. Along with the rest of ancient Tunisia, it passed into Carthaginian and then Roman control during the time of the Punic Wars.

title: Government debt

text: Government debt, synonymous to sovereign debt, can be issued either in domestic or foreign currencies. Investors in sovereign bonds denominated in foreign currency have exchange rate risk: the foreign currency might depreciate against the investor's local currency. Sovereigns issuing debt denominated in a foreign currency may furthermore be unable to obtain that foreign currency to service debt. In the 2010 Greek debt crisis, for example, the debt is held by Greece in Euros, and one proposed solution (advanced notably by World Pensions Council (WPC) financial economists) is for Greece to go back to issuing its own drachma. This proposal would only address future debt issuance, leaving substantial existing debts denominated in what would then be a foreign currency, potentially doubling their cost

title: Currency swap

text: It is well recognized that traditional "textbook" theory does not price cross currency (basis) swaps correctly, because it assumes the funding cost in each currency to be equal to its floating rate, thus always giving a zero cross currency spread. This is clearly contrary to what is observed in the market. In reality, market participants have different levels of access to funds in different currencies and therefore their funding costs are not always equal to LIBOR.

title: International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency

text: States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise the creation, use, and exportation or importation of counterfeit currency. Under the agreement, no distinction is to be made as to what currency is the subject of the crime. Under the treaty, currency counterfeiting is an extraditable offence. States also agree to establish a central office that will forward to all other state parties cancelled specimens of their state's currency and notify the other states when changes to their currency are implemented.

title: History of Tunisia

text: To these migrants, lands in the western Mediterranean presented an opportunity and could be reached relatively easily by ship, without marching through foreign territory. Colonists sailed westward following in the wake of their commercial traders. The Greeks arrived later, coming to (what is now) southern France, southern Italy including Sicily, and eastern Libya. Earlier the Phoenicians had settled in (what is now) Sardinia, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Sicily, and Tunisia. In Tunisia the city of Carthage was founded, which would come to rule all the other Phoenician settlements.

title: History of medieval Tunisia

text: The medieval era of Tunisia starts with what will eventually return Ifriqiya (Tunisia, and the entire Maghrib) to local Berber rule. The Shia Islamic Fatimid Caliphate departed to their newly conquered territories in Egypt leaving the Zirid dynasty to govern in their stead. The Zirids would eventually break all ties to the Fatimids and formally embrace Sunni Islamic doctrines.

title: Currency

text: Other definitions of the term "currency" are discussed in their respective synonymous articles banknote, coin, and money. The latter definition, pertaining to the currency systems of nations, is the topic of this article. Currencies can be classified into two monetary systems: fiat money and commodity money, depending on what guarantees the value (the economy at large vs. the government's physical metal reserves). Some currencies are legal tender in certain political jurisdictions. Others are simply traded for their economic value. Digital currency has arisen with the popularity of computers and the Internet.

title: The Future of Money

text: Lietaer devotes the latter part of the book to outlining the variety of currencies that have existed in the past and exist today, with an outline of how they can be optimized towards what he describes as "sustainable abundance", the most preferable outcome of the five scenarios listed in the first part. Complementary currencies are divided into work enabling currencies, such as the Worgl Stamp Scrip, Wära, and Ithaca Hour, and community enabling currencies, such as LETS, and also gives examples of corporate currencies, such as Frequent Flyer Miles.

title: Tunisian franc

text: The franc (French, ) was the currency of Tunisia between 1891 and 1958. It was divided into 100 centimes (صنتيم) and was equivalent to the French franc.

title: Twitter Revolution

text: Furthermore, the Tunisian people spread videos and photos of violence taking place in the country at the time. This allowed for people outside of Tunisia to understand what was taking place in Tunisia during the revolution. This led to increased coverage of the events from outside the country, which helped spread awareness and ultimately help the people of Tunisia see their former President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.

title: South African contract law

text: Similarly, the no-difference principle applies to foreign exchange: There are no currency conversions, so that what is claimed in one currency is owed in that currency.

title: Carthaginian currency

text: Carthaginian or Punic currency refers to the coins of ancient Carthage, a Phoenician city-state located near present-day Tunis, Tunisia.

title: Banking in Tunisia

text: Tunisia is known for economic and political stability, its highly educated workforce, while Islamic radicalism is weak. Tunisia does not have the resource curse of oil or mineral deposits that often determine instability. From 2000 to 2009, Tunisia grew at an annual rate of 5.2% and its per capita income of about $8,300 (in PPP terms) in 2009 was second only to Lebanon among the oil-importing MENA countries. The stability of the Tunisian Dinar and historically low inflation in Tunisia are positive indicators for its potential development of financial services. Inflation was 4.9% in FY 2007-08 and 3.5% in FY 2008-09. The Tunisian Dinar was less volatile in 2000-2010 than the currencies of its oil-importing neighbors, Egypt and Morocco.

title: Zama (Tunisia)

text: Zama, also known as Xama, in what is now Tunisia is best known for its connection with what is called the Battle of Zama, in which, on 19 October 202 BC, Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal, ending the Second Punic War with victory for the Roman Republic, and breaking the power of Ancient Carthage.

title: Currency union

text: Three types of currency unions exist:The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency.

title: Economy of Tunisia

text: The Tunisian government adopted a unified investment code in 1993 to attract foreign capital. More than 1,600 export-oriented joint venture firms operate in Tunisia to take advantage of relatively low labor costs and preferential access to nearby European markets. Economic links are closest with European countries, which dominate Tunisia's trade. Tunisia's currency, the dinar, is not traded outside Tunisia. However, partial convertibility exists for bona fide commercial and investment transaction. Certain restrictions still limit operations carried out by Tunisian residents.

title: Black market

text: A government may officially set the rate of exchange of its currency with that of other currencies, typically the US dollar. When it does, the peg often overvalues the local currency relative to what its market value would be if it were a floating currency. Those in possession of the "harder" currency, for example expatriate workers, may be able to use the black market to buy the local currency at better exchange rates than they can get officially.

title: Tobin tax

text: The cost of currency hedges—and thus "certainty what importers and exporters' money is worth"—has nothing to do with volatility whatsoever, as this cost is exclusively determined by the interest rate differental between two currencies. Nevertheless, as Tobin said, "If ... [currency] is suddenly withdrawn, countries have to drastically increase interest rates for their currency to still be attractive."[4][5]

title: Tunisia

text: According to the Tunisian Solar Plan (which is Tunisia's Renewable Energy Strategy not limited to solar, contrary to what its title may suggest, proposed by the National Agency for Energy Conservation), Tunisia's objective is to reach a share of 30% of renewable energies in the electricity mix by 2030, most of which should be accounted for by wind power and photovoltaics. , Tunisia had a total renewable capacity of 312 MW (245 MW wind, 62 MW hydropower, 15 MW photovoltaics.)

title: Internet censorship in Tunisia

text:
There was also technical surveillance where downloading or e-mail attachments went through a central server. In order to protect public order and national security, a 1998 post and telecommunications law allowed authorities to intercept and check the content of email messages. Filtering of e-mail messages of government opponents has been reported. Global Voices Advocacy Director and Tunisia Activist Sami Ben Gharbia conducted a test from the Netherlands with two Tunisia-based activists and confirmed by logging into their e-mail accounts from the Netherlands that what he saw was not what the activists saw when they logged in from Tunisia, and that they could not access all of the messages they received.
In early 2011 there was increasing evidence that the private e-mail accounts of Tunisian citizens along with login details of their Facebook pages had been targeted by phishing scripts put in place by the government.
There were increasing incidences of censorship in this manner as many dissidents were blocked from using the internet.

title: History of Tunisia

text: Tunisia in its history has seen the arrival of many peoples. By three thousand years ago the Levant and Hellas had prospered, resulting in an excess of population for their economic base. Consequently, city-states started organizing their youth to migrate in groups to where land was less densely settled. To these migrants the western Mediterranean presented an opportunity and could be reached relatively easily by ship, without marching through foreign territory. Such colonists sailed westward across the seas, following the lead of their commercial traders. The Greeks arrived later, coming to (what is now) southern France, southern Italy including Sicily, and Libya. Earlier the Phoenicians had settled in (what is now) Sardinia, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Sicily, and of course, Tunisia.

title: Currency Act

text: In 1690, Massachusetts became the first colony to issue paper currency. This currency was employed as a means to finance its share of the debt from King William’s War. Other colonies quickly followed suit, and by 1715 ten of the thirteen had resorted to the issuance of paper currency. Economist Stanley Finkelstein highlights the advantage of paper currency, “that unless it is backed by specie it is cost free currency.” The paper currency depreciated quickly because the colonies printed more than what was taxed out of circulation. By 1740, Rhode Island bills of exchange were only four percent of face value and those of Massachusetts were eleven percent. The money supply was growing at a much faster rate than that of the overall colonial economy, which led to hyperinflation and the corresponding reduction in purchasing power per unit of money. British merchants were forced to accept this depreciated currency as a repayment of debts. This led to the Currency Act of 1751.


query: What is the currency in Trinidad and Tobago?

title: Trinidad and Tobago dollar

text: The dollar (currency code TTD) is the currency of Trinidad and Tobago. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively TT$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents. Its predecessor currencies are the Trinidadian dollar and the Tobagan dollar.

title: Trinidad and Tobago Television

text: Trinidad & Tobago Television was created by Canadian businessman Roy Thomson, then owner of the Thomson Organization. The Trinidad & Tobago Television Company, a partnership by the Thompson Organization (50%), British Rediffusion (30%), CBS-USA (10%) and the Government of Trinidad and Tobago (10%) was developed to serve the two islands of Trinidad and Tobago.

title: Trinidad and Tobago dollar

text: Central banks and currencies of the Caribbean Economy of Trinidad and Tobago

title: The Church of the Nazarene in Trinidad and Tobago

text: The Christian denomination entered Trinidad and Tobago in 1926 by sending USA missionary couple James and Nora Hill and Barbados missionary Carlotta Urchilla Graham. Their labor culminated in the incorporation of the Church of the Nazarene in Trinidad and Tobago by Act of Parliament in 1974. The story of the growth of the Church of the Nazarene in Trinidad and Tobago is recorded in the book, A History of the Church of the Nazarene in Trinidad and Tobago by Dr. Gelien Matthews. In 2013, the Church of the Nazarene in Trinidad and Tobago has approximately 4,000 members in 31 congregations, and is part of the Mesoamerica Region of the International Church of the Nazarene.

title: Eastern Caribbean dollar

text: In 1946, a West Indian Currency Conference saw Barbados, British Guiana, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago and the Windward Islands agree to establish a unified decimal currency system based on a West Indian dollar to replace the current arrangement of having three different Boards of Commissioners of Currency (for Barbados (which also served the Leeward and Windward Islands), British Guiana and Trinidad & Tobago).

title: Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago

text: In its 40 years of existence, the Bank has faced many challenges, some a direct result of exogenous shocks, others because of the impact of domestic policies. When the Bank was established in 1964, Trinidad and Tobago was part of the sterling area which provided for full convertibility of the local currency into sterling. The Ministry of Finance administered exchange controls against other currencies.

title: Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force

text: The Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force (TTDF) is the military organization responsible for the defence of the twin island Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. It consists of the Trinidad and Tobago Regiment, the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard, the Trinidad and Tobago Air Guard and the Defence Force Reserves.

title: Trinidad and Tobago dollar

text: From 1949, with the introduction of the British West Indies dollar, the currency of Trinidad and Tobago became officially tied up with that of the British Eastern Caribbean territories in general. The British sterling coinage was eventually replaced by a new decimal coinage in 1955, with the new cent being equal to one half of the old penny. In 1951, notes of the British Caribbean Territories, Eastern Group, were introduced, replacing Trinidad and Tobago's own notes. In 1955, coins were introduced when the dollar was decimalized. In 1964, Trinidad and Tobago introduced its own dollar. Between 1964 and 1968 the Trinidad and Tobago dollar was utilized in Grenada as legal tender until that country rejoined the common currency arrangements of the East Caribbean dollar.[18] The Trinidad and Tobago dollar and the Eastern Caribbean dollar were the last two currencies in the world to retain the old rating of one pound equals four dollars and eighty cents, as per the gold sovereign to the Pieces of eight. Both of these currencies ended this relationship within a few weeks of each other in 1976.

title: Par value

text: The term "at par" is also used when two currencies are exchanged at equal value (for instance, in 1964, Trinidad and Tobago switched from the British West Indies dollar to the new Trinidad and Tobago dollar, and that switch was "at par", meaning that the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago replaced each old dollar with a new one).

title: Eastern Caribbean dollar

text: In 1964 Jamaica ended the legal tender status of the BWI$ and Trinidad and Tobago withdrew from the currency union (adopting the Trinidad and Tobago dollar) forcing the movement of the headquarters of the BCCB to Barbados and soon the "BWI$" dollar lost its regional support.

title: Trinidad and Tobago passport

text:
The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago hereby requests all those whom it may concern to permit the citizen of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago named herein to pass freely without let or hindrance and to afford the said citizen such lawful assistance and protection as may be necessary.
Visa requirements for Trinidad and Tobago citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Trinidad and Tobago. Effective 28 May 2015, Trinidad and Tobago citizens gained visa-free access to Schengen Area. As a result, the Trinidad and Tobago passport gives visa free or visa on arrival access to 147 countries and territories.

title: List of Trinidad and Tobago records in swimming

text: The Trinidad & Tobago Records in Swimming are the fastest times ever swum by a swimmer representing Trinidad and Tobago. These records are kept/maintained by Trinidad & Tobago's national swimming federation: the Amateur Swimming Association of Trinidad and Tobago (ASATT). Records are recognized for long course (50m) and short course (25m) events:

title: Trinidad and Tobago dollar

text: The abolition of slavery in the West Indies was the catalyst which led to the establishing of the first bank.[4] The Colonial Bank was established on 1 June 1836,[5] and opened its first branch in Trinidad in 1837 under the management of Anthony Cumming.[6] Its initial mandate was to use Spanish and Mexican dollars as its official currency, and it was required to make all payments in those currencies, but incoming payments could be made in any currency, and the bank often found that it was short of dollars.[7] The bank therefore lobbied the government, seeking permission to issue money in other currencies.[8] This resulted in an imperial order-in-council in 1838, in which Trinidad and Tobago formally adopted the sterling currency, although the Spanish, Mexican and Colombian currencies were also declared legal tender.[8]

title: Revenue stamps of Trinidad and Tobago

text: The first revenue issue for both islands was issued in 1908. It consisted of British embossed revenues overprinted TRINIDAD & TOBAGO in three lines. Similar issues continued to be issued until 1925, when new issues with the overprint in two lines were produced. In 1935 new designs in decimal currency were issued, this time not overprinted on British revenues but directly inscribed TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Later that year three stamps similar to postage issues but inscribed REVENUE were also issued. In 1964, some embossed revenues from the 1935 issue were overprinted with new values.

title: Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago

text: The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago is located in the Eric Williams Financial Complex. The complex consists of the central bank auditorium and two sky-scrapers, locally known as the Twin Towers. The first tower houses the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago and the second tower houses the Ministry of Finance. It was only the second Central Bank to be established in the English-speaking Caribbean, the first being the Bank of Jamaica which was established in 1960.The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago undertakes many functions in its day-to-day operations. The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago was established by an Act of Parliament on December 12, 1964. In particular, the Bank's main responsibilities are to issue and redeem currency; maintain monetary and financial stability; act as banker to the government as well as the commercial banks and protect the external value of the Trinidad and Tobago Dollar (TT Dollar).

text: The Trinidad and Tobago Creative Industries Company Limited (CreativeTT), established by The Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago through the Ministry of Trade and Industry in 2013, is a wholly owned State enterprise with the mandate ‘to stimulate and facilitate the business development and export activities of the creative industries in Trinidad and Tobago to generate national wealth.’ CreativeTT is therefore responsible for the strategic and business development of the three (3) niche areas and subsectors under its purview- film, fashion and music. As a result, CreativeTT is known as the parent company of three subsidiary companies for the three subsectors. They are Trinidad and Tobago Music Company Limited (MusicTT), Trinidad and Tobago Film Company Limited (FilmTT) and Trinidad and Tobago Fashion Company Limited (FashionTT).

title: Economy of Trinidad and Tobago

text:
Currency:
1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TT$) = 100 cents

title: Trinidad and Tobago dollar

text: The history of currency in the former British colony of Trinidad and Tobago closely follows that of the British Eastern Caribbean territories in general. The first currency used was the Spanish dollar, also known as "pieces of eight", which began circulating in the 16th century.[2] Proposals for establishing banks in the West Indies, targeted at landowners, were made in 1661 by the British government, and in 1690 by Sir Thomas Dalby.[3] Despite this, and Queen Anne's proclamation of 1704 brought the gold standard to the West Indies, silver pieces of eight (Spanish dollars and later Mexican dollars) continued to form a major portion of the circulating currency right into the latter half of the nineteenth century.

title: Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago

text:
the design of the currency;
the maintenance of its integrity and
providing an adequate supply of currency to satisfy the needs of the public.
for open market operations

title: Currencies of the British West Indies

text: The Eastern Caribbean group comprised Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, the Windward Islands, and the Leeward Islands. These territories all used sterling coinage in conjunction with a mixture of sterling accounts and Spanish dollar accounts. The private banking sector tended to use Spanish dollar accounts at the fixed exchange rate of $1 = 4s 2d. The Eastern Caribbean group formed a monetary union with British Guiana in 1949 and the currency was known as the British West Indies dollar. Trinidad and Tobago left the arrangement in 1964. A new arrangement came about the following year and the currency was renamed the Eastern Caribbean dollar. British Guiana withdrew from this monetary union in 1966 and Barbados withdrew in 1972. (See the main articles at British West Indies dollar, Eastern Caribbean dollar, Trinidad and Tobago dollar, Guyanese dollar, and Barbados dollar.)

title: Hinduism in Trinidad and Tobago

text: Hinduism is the second largest religion in Trinidad and Tobago. Hindu culture arrived in 1845 in Trinidad and Tobago. In the 21st century, pro Hindu parties were elected. In the 2011 census, There are 240,100 declared Hindus in Trinidad and Tobago. There are also various temples in Trinidad and Tobago to accommodate Hindus.

title: Trinidad and Tobago dollar

text: Trinidad and Tobago entered a currency union with other Caribbean nations after World War II. The currency of the union (see next paragraph) was replaced by the modern Trinidad and Tobago dollar in 1964,[16] two years after the nation's independence in 1962.[17] The Trinidad and Tobago dollar was launched, and had become the sole currency by 1967.[17]

title: Trinidadian dollar

text: The dollar was the currency of Trinidad until 1814. The currency comprised various cut Spanish dollars and other Spanish colonial coins. Before 1811, the dollar was worth 8 shillings, each of 12 pence. After 1811, it was worth 9 shillings. In 1814, sterling was established as the official currency of the island. Since 1905, dollars have once more circulated on Trinidad, first the Trinidad and Tobago dollar, then the British West Indies dollar, before the Trinidad and Tobago dollar was reintroduced.

title: British West Indies dollar

title: Trinidad and Tobago–United Kingdom relations

text: Trinidad and Tobago–British relations are foreign relations between Trinidad and Tobago and the United Kingdom. Trinidad and Tobago has a high commission in London. The United Kingdom has a high commission in Port of Spain. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Since the independence of Trinidad & Tobago in 1962, relations between the two countries have been mostly friendly and there are many areas in which both Trinidad and Tobago and the UK seek stronger ties for mutual benefit. There are also strong cultural and social ties between the two nations. In Trinidad and Tobago, English is one of the official languages, and Cricket is among the most popular sports. In the UK, Caribbean Carnival is hugely popular.

title: Tobagan dollar

text: The dollar was the currency of Tobago until 1814. The currency comprised various cut Spanish dollars and countermarked French colonial coins. The dollar was subdivided into 11 "bits", each of nine "pence". In 1814, sterling was established as the official currency of the island. Since 1905, dollars have once more circulated on Tobago, first the Trinidad and Tobago dollar, then the British West Indies dollar, before the Trinidad and Tobago dollar was reintroduced.

title: British West Indies dollar

title: Media and Editorial Projects Limited

text: Past publications have focussed on Trinidad & Tobago and/or Caribbean business, culture or tourism, including the "Trinidad & Tobago Business Guide; the Caribbean Review of Books (CRB)" (now an independent non-profit entity); "Youth At Risk" (for the UNDP: United Nations Development Programme); "The Point Lisas Story; the Citibank Investment Guide to Trinidad & Tobago; BWIA's Caribbean; The ALM Caribbean Explorer; Hi-Time; Trinidad & Tobago Destination Guide; the Trinidad & Tobago Exporter;" and "the Trinidad & Tobago Export Directory".

title: Canada–Trinidad and Tobago relations

text: Canada–Trinidad and Tobago relations refers to the bilateral relations between Canada and Trinidad and Tobago. Both Countries established full diplomatic relations in August 1962 after Trinidad's Independence. Canada is represented by a High Commission in Port of Spain while Trinidad and Tobago is represented by a High Commission in Ottawa. Trinidad and Tobago also has consulates in Toronto and Winnipeg. Since establishing relations, Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force have trained alongside Canadian Forces. As of 2011, there were a estimated 68,225 Trinidadians and Tobagonians in Canada and 3,000-5,000 Canadians living in Trinidad and Tobago, 92% of which hold dual citizenship.

title: List of Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy winners

text: The following is a list of Trinidad and Tobago FA Trophy winners, since its inception in 1927. The FA Trophy, is a knockout cup competition in Trinidad and Tobago football, organised by the Trinidad and Tobago Football Association. It is the oldest football competition in Trinidad and Tobago. The tournament is open to all clubs in the top three levels of the football pyramid. The competition culminates in January with the FA Trophy final, which has traditionally been regarded as the showpiece finale of the Trinidad and Tobago football season.


query: How many episodes of Scrubs aired?

title: List of Scrubs episodes

text: A total of 182 episodes of Scrubs were broadcast over nine seasons. All nine seasons are available on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4.

title: My Last Words

text: "My Last Words" is the 152nd episode of the television series "Scrubs", and the second of its eighth season. The episode first aired on January 6, 2009 on ABC, following the show's departure from NBC. It aired immediately after the season's first episode, "My Jerks", that same evening. The episode was written by Aseem Batra and directed by Bill Lawrence, the creator of the show. The episode was awarded the 2009 Humanitas Prize in the 30 Minute Category.

title: Company of Strangers (Colin Hay album)

text: "Beautiful World" featured in the final episode, "My Last Day", of the first season of "Scrubs", which originally aired on May 21, 2002 on NBC, and on the 2002 "Music from Scrubs" soundtrack.

title: Scrubs (season 7)

text: Season 7 was confirmed to have a reduced number of 18 episodes and was likely to be the final season. Due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike, only 11 episodes were finished and 6 aired before the strike. During the strike, it was unknown if production on the final episodes would resume or that a possible series finale would air due to the actors' contracts expiring if the strike were to last a long time. After the strike was over, the final five episodes aired starting April 10, 2008. Episode 12, titled "My Commitment" was partially completed before the strike, but was never completed or aired. Some material shot for "My Commitment" was later used in the season 8 episode, "My Nah Nah Nah".

title: My Musical

text:
The song "What's Going to Happen" resembles one of the more "serious" numbers from "Rent", specifically "Life Support" and "Will I?". Fordham has called Ms. Miller's solo in "What's Going to Happen" the easiest part of the episode for her to write.
A digital soundtrack to the episode was released on various music download websites such as the iTunes Store, featuring 11 tracks of songs from the "Scrubs" episode.The episode was received very positive reviews by critics and audiences alike. Many described initial misgivings that the musical concept would make the episode seem gimmicky, but these fears were, for the most part, put to rest by the fact that the episode was "logically insane"; the singing came about organically (through the brain aneurysm), and, despite the singing, the episode fit into the "Scrubs" continuity. Many noted that the songs fit the characters (like Dr. Cox's "Rant Song"), and that story arcs actually advanced in the episode (Carla returning to the hospital, and J.D. and Elliot no longer living together).

title: My Way Home (Scrubs)

text: "My Way Home" is the 7th episode of season five and the 100th episode of the American comedy-drama "Scrubs". It originally aired on January 24, 2006 on NBC.

title: Scrubs (TV series)

text: Episode 11, "My Princess", was eventually filmed, although Lawrence was absent. Filming of episode 11 was disrupted by picketers. It was believed that Lawrence had tipped the picketers off about the filming schedule, although these beliefs turned out to be false as Lawrence quickly drove to the set to "keep the peace". After the strike ended, Lawrence announced that the final episodes of "Scrubs" would be produced, although at the time, he was unsure where or how they would be distributed.

title: Believe It or Not, Joe's Walking on Air

text: The episode makes references to "Family Guy" itself. When Bonnie, Lois and Cleveland's new girlfriend come to dance at The Drunken Clam, they state that they would like to make the bar their place to hang out, after Peter grabs Joe's gun and kills himself. It turns out that this was only Peter's imagination as he snaps out of it when Joe starts talking to him; Peter answers that he was having a "Scrubs" fantasy moment. Quagmire responds to Peter's moment by stating that "Scrubs" is the best show people are not watching. Cleveland replies that he hates shows that leave the story for a gag or joke, referring to the numerous cutaways "Scrubs" and "Family Guy" contain. While in the hospital Peter realizes that Mr. Pewterschmidt and Dr. Hartman have a similar voice, then Mr. Pewterschmidt comes into the room and they both start talking about how their voices sound alike; this is a reference to the show's creator Seth MacFarlane as he voices both characters.

title: The Fray

text: While "Over My Head (Cable Car)" was rising on the charts, the song "How to Save a Life" was first featured during a second-season episode ("Superstition", aired March 19, 2006) of "Grey's Anatomy", and then on a fifth-season episode ("My Lunch", aired April 25, 2006) of "Scrubs". Despite not having been originally released as a single, "How to Save a Life" entered the Hot 100 chart on the issue marked April 15, 2006. The song was released as the band's second single. On August 18, 2006, ABC announced that the song would be used for the main advertising promotion for the season premiere of "Grey's Anatomy".

title: Livewire (Supergirl)

text: Due to the November 2015 Paris attacks, the episode "How Does She Do It?", originally scheduled to air on November 16, 2015 as the fourth episode of the season, was pulled from air, due to content in the episode that was similar to the events. "How Does She Do It?" was later scheduled to air as the fifth episode on November 23, 2015.

title: My Finale

text: "My Finale" is the 40-minutes-long season finale for season eight of the American sitcom "Scrubs". It was originally broadcast as episodes 18 and 19 of season eight on May 6, 2009, and was intended to be the series finale during production. However, the episode was billed as the "Scrubs finale" as at the time of airing it was unknown whether this would be the series finale or the season finale. The show ended up returning for a ninth season. As the show underwent many changes for the ninth and final season, this is the last episode in which all of the main cast appear as series regulars.

title: My Bad Too

text: "My Bad Too" is the seventh episode of season seven and the 146th episode of the American sitcom "Scrubs". It aired on April 10, 2008, as the first episode to air after the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike.

title: Scrubs (season 8)

text: Another way ABC cut costs is to have the main cast absent in a few episodes. Series star Zach Braff is absent for an episode for the first time in the series, and only lends his voice to another episode.After a rumor-induced build-up to season eight, and it being believed that season seven was the last, ABC picked up "Scrubs" and announced it as a midseason replacement. The first episode aired January 6, 2009.

title: Series finale

text: The medical comedy "Scrubs" aired its two-part finale episode billed simply as a "My Finale" in May 2009 as the show's renewal or cancellation had not been decided as of its airing, and so it was not known whether the episode would conclude just the season or the entire series; "Scrubs" would eventually be renewed for one additional season, which became a spin-off series titled "Scrubs: Med School".

title: My Own Worst Enemy (Scrubs)

text: "My Own Worst Enemy" is the first episode of the seventh season of the American comedy-drama "Scrubs". It originally aired on October 25, 2007, and was watched by 6.95 million viewers.

title: List of Scrubs episodes

text: Scrubs is an American medical comedy-drama television series created by Bill Lawrence, which premiered on October 2, 2001 on NBC. NBC had originally announced that Scrubs would end after its seventh season, containing a reduced 18 episodes.[1] However, the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike ended up cutting the show's episodes down to 11, and Scrubs ended its run on NBC with a total of 150 episodes.

title: My Growing Pains

text: "My Growing Pains" is the fifth episode of season seven and the 144th episode of the American sitcom "Scrubs". It aired on November 29, 2007 on NBC.

title: My Musical

text: "My Musical" is a musical episode of the American comedy-drama television series "Scrubs". It is the 123rd episode of the show, and was originally aired as episode 6 of season 6 on January 18, 2007.

title: Scrubs (TV series)

text: Amid strike-induced doubt involving the final episodes of "Scrubs", on February 28, 2008, "The Hollywood Reporter" reported that ABC was in talks with corporate sibling ABC Studios with the aim of bringing "Scrubs" to ABC for an eighth season of 18 episodes, despite Lawrence and Braff's protests that the seventh season would definitely be the last. Just hours later, "Variety" reported that NBC was lashing out and threatening legal action against ABC Studios. McGinley confirmed that he had been told to report back to work on March 24, 2008, to begin production for another season. On March 12, 2008, McGinley was also quoted as saying that the show's long-rumored move from NBC to ABC was a done deal, and that "Scrubs" would air on ABC during the 2008–09 TV season as a midseason replacement.

title: Scrubs (TV series)

text: On May 14, 2010, it was officially announced that the show was canceled. The season nine finale, titled "Our Thanks", aired March 17, 2010. Five days later, on March 22, 2010, Zach Braff announced, via the official Facebook page, that the ninth season of "Scrubs" would be the last, commenting that, "Many of you have asked, so here it is: it appears that 'New Scrubs', 'Scrubs 2.0', 'Scrubs with New Kids', 'Scrubbier', 'Scrubs without JD' is no more. It was worth a try, but alas... it didn't work."

title: 7mate

text: Shows that moved from other Seven channels include new seasons of "Family Guy", "American Dad!" and "The Amazing Race". Repeated seasons of "Scrubs", "Last Comic Standing", "Air Crash Investigations", "30 Rock", "That '70s Show", "Lost" and "How I Met Your Mother" also moved to 7mate. "Mighty Ships", of which three episodes aired as one-off specials on the Seven Network, moved as a regular series to 7mate.

title: Scrubs (season 7)

text: The seventh season of the American comedy television series "Scrubs" premiered on NBC on October 25, 2007 and concluded on May 8, 2008 and consists of 11 episodes. This was the final season to air on NBC after it was picked up by ABC.

title: Scrub Daddy

text: According to the company's website, Scrub Daddy, Inc. was founded in 2012 with grassroots marketing. On the "Shark Tank" episode originally airing in October 2012, Lori Greiner made a 20% equity stake deal with Krause for $200,000. The following day, Greiner and Krause sold out of 42,000 sponges in under seven minutes on QVC. Greiner then helped Scrub Daddy to be sold in retail stores such as Bed, Bath & Beyond. In January 2017, Scrub Daddy's total revenues surpassed $100 million – the highest of any Shark Tank product.

title: Monk (TV series)

text: The killer is known, and how the crime was committed is known. The episode is spent trying to find evidence to arrest that person, and these episodes are hence patterned similarly to many episodes of Columbo. Monk knows who the killer is, and knows what the motive is, but the killer has a seemingly air-tight alibi. The episode is spent trying to break that alibi and find out how the killer did it. In a number of episodes, the plot involves trying to find out the killer, how the murder was done, and why. In some episodes, the killer's M.O. is known, but not who did it or why.

title: Scrubs (TV series)

text: On March 19, 2008, Michael Ausiello of "TV Guide" reported that although nothing was "official", the "Scrubs" cast was to report back to work the following Wednesday for work on a season "unofficial" as yet. Zach Braff posted in his blog on MySpace, on April 28, 2008, that an eighth season consisting of 18 episodes was under production, but that he could not say where it would be aired. He then stated, on May 7, 2008, that the May 8 episode would be the final NBC-aired episode of "Scrubs", which was followed by a bulletin on his MySpace, on May 12, confirming that "Scrubs"s eighth season would be moving to ABC.

title: Comedy Central (UK and Irish TV channel)

text:
On 17 February 2009, it was confirmed that Paramount Comedy 1 would become Comedy Central from 6 April 2009 in the UK and Ireland. The channel's repositioning gave it greater scope of introducing new programming direct from Comedy Central US and additional programmes from other US broadcasters. These new shows included: "Two and a Half Men", "Scrubs", "The Office", "The Sarah Silverman Program" and "South Park", where they air new episodes, uncensored, about a week after their US airing. Since season 13, Comedy Central has aired new episodes of "South Park" two days after they aired in the US (i.e., the episodes air on Comedy Central US on Wednesdays, and air on the UK counterpart on Fridays.) At 9:00pm on 6 April, Paramount Comedy 1 officially rebranded as Comedy Central, with the last programme on PC1 being an episode of "Scrubs" and the first programme on Comedy Central being a new episode of "Two and a Half Men".
After no longer having to timeshare with Nickelodeon, the station increased its broadcasting hours, and was joined by Paramount Comedy 2 (later rebranded as Comedy Central Extra) on 1 September 2003.

title: Scrubs (TV series)

text: On May 13, 2008, ABC announced that "Scrubs" would be a midseason replacement, airing Tuesday nights at 9:00 pm EST. Steve McPherson, ABC's President of Entertainment, also stated that additional seasons of "Scrubs" beyond the eighth could be produced if it performs well. In late November, ABC announced "Scrubs" would resume with back-to-back episodes on January 6, 2009, at 9:00 pm EST.

title: Pilot (Cougar Town)

text: "Cougar Town" was created by Bill Lawrence and Kevin Biegel. Lawrence is best known as the creator of "Scrubs". He drew inspiration from his real-life wife, actress Christa Miller who also stars in the show as Ellie. Lawrence and Kevin Biegel, who worked together writing episode on "Scrubs", decided to create a show with Courteney Cox as a 40-year-old, newly single woman because he thought that it was a real "zeitgeist-y topic." Cox and Lawrence had worked together on "Scrubs", with Cox guest-starring in the first three episodes of the eighth season. Lawrence was also a staff writer on "Friends" during the show's first season. Before pitching the idea to ABC, other titles for the show included "40 and Single" and "The Courteney Cox Show". After pitching the idea to ABC, they asked him to have a pilot ready to shoot by the end of January 2009. Lawrence and Biegel together wrote the script with Lawrence, who has written and directed many episodes on "Scrubs", directing the episode.

title: Scrubs: Interns

text: Scrubs: Interns is a webisode series from ABC based on the comedy-drama series "Scrubs" in its eighth season, which originally aired on ABC.com; each episode would premiere the day a new "Scrubs" episode aired on TV. The webisodes originally premiered between January 1, 2009 and April 8, 2009, with two additional episodes being released on the season eight DVD and Blu-ray set.

title: Doug Besterman

text: Besterman worked with writer Debra Fordham and composers Jeff Marx and Robert Lopez for a musical episode of "Scrubs", titled "My Musical", which aired in 2007. Many described initial misgivings that the musical concept would make the episode seem gimmicky, but these fears were, for the most part, put to rest by the fact that the episode was "logically insane."

title: My Jerks

text: "My Jerks" is the 151st episode and television season premiere of the eighth season of the ABC Studios television series "Scrubs". The episode first aired on January 6, 2009 on the American Broadcasting Company, following the show's departure from NBC. It was immediately followed by the second episode of the season. The episode was written by Angela Nissel and directed by Michael Spiller who also has a small cameo appearance. This was the first "Scrubs" episode of the show to show moving footage over the credits, instead of its usual screenshots of scenes throughout the episode.


query: Who owns Xbox?

title: Xbox

text: Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft of the United States. It represents a series of video game consoles developed by Microsoft, with three consoles released in the sixth, seventh, and eighth generations, respectively. The brand also represents applications (games), streaming services, and an online service by the name of Xbox Live. The brand was first introduced in the United States in November 2001, with the launch of the original Xbox console.

title: List of Xbox games compatible with Xbox 360

text: Microsoft launched the "Xbox Originals" program in December 2007 where Xbox 360 owners could purchase select original Xbox titles digitally if they did not own a game disc and could be found inside their own section in the Xbox Live Marketplace. Beginning in June 2009 the branding was phased out and the games were moved to the "Games on Demand" section of the store while Microsoft stating that they have "finished it's portfolio" of Xbox Originals.

title: Xbox Live

text: Xbox Live Gold is a paid subscription service for the Xbox community. Signing up to Xbox Live is free, but, with the exception of the Windows 10 version, in order to play online and access some core services, a recurring subscription fee is required. Features that require a Gold subscription include online gaming, matchmaking/smartmatch, private chat, party chat and in-game voice communication. Other features, such as game recording and media sharing also necessitate Gold membership. Similarly, ordinary Xbox Live members can download and access the Twitch live streaming application, but in order to broadcast gameplay of one's own, a Gold subscription is necessary. Free-to-play titles also remain behind a paywall. Subscribers are benefited with space "in the cloud" for storing files, and granted early or exclusive access to betas, special offers, Games with Gold, and Video Kinect.

title: Left 4 Dead

text: Early access to the "Left 4 Dead" demo for people who pre-ordered the game began on November 6, 2008, for both Windows and Xbox 360. It gave users access to both online and single-player play in two "scenes" in one "movie" within the game. This promotion was being offered in addition to the ten percent savings for those who pre-order and applies to all Steam Windows pre-orders and all Windows and Xbox 360 pre-orders from GameStop and EB Games in North America. On November 11, the "Left 4 Dead" demo was made available to all Windows and Xbox 360 gamers worldwide. The "Left 4 Dead" demo was removed from the Xbox 360 Marketplace and Valve's own Steam after the game's release on November 18, 2008, however it is still available for those that played it.

title: Xbox Live

text: "Xbox Ambassadors" are Xbox Live members selected by Microsoft who have proven themselves to be helpful towards others, and are willing to assist new Xbox Live users and answer their questions. As of March 2009, there are ambassadors representing 18 countries in more than 30 languages.

title: Xbox (console) modchips

text: The second generation modchips improved upon the first by reducing the required number of wires to just 11. In addition to this, the second generation modchips added a few extra features such as the ability to prevent the Xbox from resetting when you eject a disc from the drive. This allows one to swap discs for purposes of loading different data into the Xbox while running some piece of software (Ex. Loading a disc of TV shows to play on a homebrew media player). In addition to this, some games would be able to detect first generation modchips and thus crash or prevent the game from running. The solution to this was to copy the game to a computer and apply a piece of software to strip out the check. The second generation modchips do not require this and can prevent the check from running automatically. By this time users were interested in performing additional modifications to their Xbox such as replacing the internal 8GB hard drive with something larger and running their own dashboard (Xbox operating system). The second generation modchips did not have the capability to enable these functions. In addition to this, the next revision of the Xbox v1.1 started to become more and more prevalent in the field. The second generation modchips were still unable to run on these Xbox consoles.

title: Xbox Game Pass

text: On February 28, 2017, Microsoft announced the debut of Xbox Game Pass and made a limited catalog of games available to select members of its Xbox Insider community for testing and feedback. Later in the second quarter of 2017, the service was opened up to players who subscribe to Xbox Live Gold, and then to the general user population. An Xbox Live Gold subscription is not required for Xbox Game Pass, but it is required for any online multiplayer content the games in the catalog may contain.

title: Amped 2

text: Amped 2's multiplayer on Xbox Live brought a number of new features not seen in any other on-line game at the time. For instance, it was the first game on Xbox Live to integrate a player's career mode character to that of their Xbox Live character. During career mode, as the player completes tasks, they gain skill points which increase their character's abilities. This then translates to the player's Xbox Live character, therefore, giving individuals who have completed the career mode an advantage over those who have not.

title: Corey Graves

text: Polinsky, as Corey Graves, made his video game debut as a playable character in "WWE 2K15", where on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions of the game, he has his own path in the "Who Got NXT" mode, documenting his matches in "NXT" and on the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 versions as an unlockable character through the MyCareer mode. He later appeared in "WWE 2K18" and "WWE 2K19" as a non-playable character as part of the commentary team.

title: System Link

text: The purpose of this is to have multiplayer gameplay on multiple consoles, which allows for a non-split screen multiplayer gaming experience and far more players in one game than a single console can support. "" allows up to 16 players on split screens on four consoles to partake in a simultaneous 16-player game. Later, post-Xbox Live games such as "Halo 2" and "Unreal Championship" supported more consoles per game than the maximum of four supported by "Halo". While "system link" was popularized by the pre-Xbox Live era Xbox games, the capability has been used for years in computer gaming. The primary advantage of system link is to allow users to host their own games and control the settings. System link can be visualized as an Xbox being used as a small server and "hosting" other Xbox's.

title: Aspyr

text: Popular franchises ported under Aspyr's banner include "Call of Duty", "Civilization", "Star Wars", "The Sims 2" and "Borderlands". By 2003, Aspyr owned 60 percent of the Mac entertainment market. Apart from macOS and Linux, platforms Aspyr ports to range over Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, Xbox, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, iOS, Android, Xbox One and PlayStation 4.

title: Avatar (Xbox)

text: Xbox Avatars are avatars and characters that represent users of the Xbox Live service on the Xbox 360 and Xbox One video game consoles, Windows 10, and Windows 10 Mobile. Avatars originally debuted on the Xbox 360 as part of the "New Xbox Experience" system update released on November 19, 2008, updated on Xbox One with "New Xbox One Experience" Xbox One System Software on November 12, 2015 , and reimagined with the release of the next generation character for Xbox One on October 11, 2018.

title: Xbox Live

text: Games with Gold is a program in which digital downloads of games are offered at no charge to Xbox Live Gold subscribers. Games with Gold launched for Xbox 360 in July 2013, while Xbox One games were added in June 2014. Xbox 360 receives a game twice per month, while Xbox One receives two games once per month. Games downloaded through the program on Xbox 360 are free to own with no further restrictions. Xbox One Games with Gold titles require active Xbox Live Gold subscription in order to use, and become locked and unplayable if the subscription lapses. As of November 2015, all Games with Gold titles for Xbox 360 are backwards compatible on Xbox One.

title: List of Karaoke Revolution songs

text: All downloadable songs for "Karaoke Revolution Presents American Idol Encore" (see list above) are imported to the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions of "Karaoke Revolution Presents: American Idol Encore 2". For players who do not own "Karaoke Revolution Presents: American Idol Encore", the downloadable songs can be purchased from either the PlayStation Store (PlayStation 3 owners), Xbox Live Marketplace (Xbox 360 owners) or the in-game "Downloadable Content" store.

text: Game saves for original Xbox games that are backward compatible on both Xbox 360 and Xbox One can't be transferred between the three generations. While Xbox Live functionality won't be available Albert Penello, head of marketing for Xbox, explained users could "system link an original Xbox, an Xbox 360, an Xbox One and an Xbox One X for a four-player system-link LAN play with all original disks across three generations of consoles."

title: Heavy Weapon

text: The limited free version of "Heavy Weapon: Atomic Tank" can be downloaded online at various websites, including PopCap's own site. The full version, "Heavy Weapon Deluxe", can be purchased for a fee. An Xbox 360 Xbox Live Arcade version was made available for download via Xbox Live Marketplace on January 17, 2007. It features a full (four-player) co-op mode compatible with Xbox Live and a boss blitz mode. The game has since been released for the PlayStation 3 on the PlayStation Network.

title: Forza Horizon 2

text: The standard "10th Anniversary Edition" of the Xbox One version (consisting of the base game and the 10th Anniversary Car Pack) was given to Xbox Live Gold members for free throughout August 2018 as part of Microsoft's Games with Gold program. "Forza Horizon 2" and its downloadable content are set to be removed after 30 September 2018. Those who already own it can still download and play the game and its DLC.

title: Avatar (Xbox)

text: The Xbox 360 System Software includes a renderer and animation system that creates Avatars as they are seen in Microsoft's own titles. It is also possible for developers to use the data and process it with their own software, allowing Avatars to be easily integrated with a game's engine.

title: Four Door Lemon

text: Four Door Lemon have developed games for platforms such as; iOS, Android, Nintendo DS, Wii, PlayStation 2, PSP, PS Vita, PS3, Xbox, Xbox 360, Mac and PC using their own Lemon Engine. Future projects will include developments for Xbox One and PlayStation 4 using an enhanced version of the Lemon Engine.

title: Xbox (console)

text: In 2002, the Independent Television Commission (ITC) banned a television advertisement for the Xbox in the United Kingdom after complaints that it was "offensive, shocking and in bad taste". It depicted a mother giving birth to a baby boy, who is fired like a projectile through a window aging rapidly as he flies through the air. The advertisement ends with an old man crash-landing into his own grave and the slogan, "Life is short. Play more."

title: Xbox (console)

text: The Xbox 360 supports a limited number of the Xbox's game library if the player has an official Xbox 360 Hard Drive. Xbox games were added up until November 2007. Xbox game saves cannot be transferred to Xbox 360, and the ability to play Xbox games through Xbox LIVE has been discontinued since April 15, 2010. It is still possible to play Xbox games with System Link functionality online via both the original console and the Xbox 360 with tunneling software such as XLink Kai. It was announced at E3 2017 that the Xbox One would be gaining support for a limited number of the Xbox's game library.

title: Avatar (Xbox)

text: As of late June 2009, various themed clothing articles were spotted in use by various members of the Xbox 360 community – namely those who work for Microsoft. These articles in question were based mainly around Halo, various T-shirts, shorts, hats and even full-body suit costumes were seen not only being worn by current Avatars but also in Avatar Store demonstration pictures and videos. The people who had access to these also were spotted to have a mysterious achievement in their profile named 'Xbox 360 Beta' and was orange in color with a Beta symbol and the number 09 – it was concluded that they were actually beta testing the new Avatar Marketplace. Most recently, Xbox users that were a part of the Xbox Preview Program were given a special prop featuring a cat dressed line a ninja and riding a T-Rex for use with their Xbox Avatar.

title: Xbox 360 system software

text: The Xbox 360 game system allows users to download applications that add to the functionality of the dashboard. Most apps required the user to be signed into a valid Xbox Live Gold account in order to use the features advertised for the given app. But as of the 2.0.16756.0 update, most apps do not require a Xbox Live Gold Subscription to access them, although the app may have its own subscription to be able to use it. With the exception of a few early apps, Microsoft has added partners to develop apps for the Xbox 360 system since the New Xbox Experience (NXE) Dashboard update in 2008.

title: EzyDVD

text: In 2007 EzyDVD started and launched its new online store, EzyGames. The site specialised in console games including Sony PlayStation PSP, PS2 & PS3, Xbox 360, Nintendo Wii, Nintendo DS and PC games. They also sold PlayStation, Xbox and Nintendo consoles and accessories. The site was owned and operated by EzyDVD and was compatible with EzyDVD in that user accounts were the same for both sites. The EzyGames site was closed in 2009 and today customers are able to purchase PS4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch, PS2, PS3, Xbox 360, PSP, Nintendo DS, 3DS, Wii, Wii U and PC games from the EzyDVD site itself.

title: Xbox Live

text: On November 15, 2007, Microsoft celebrated Xbox Live's 5th anniversary by offering its then over 8 million subscribers the title "Carcassonne" free of charge and awarding gamers who had subscribed to Live since its inception 500 free Microsoft Points. Due to intermittent service interruptions during late December 2007 and early January 2008, Microsoft promised to offer a free Xbox Live Arcade game to all Xbox Live users as compensation, in an open letter to all Xbox Live members from Mark Whitten, Xbox LIVE General Manager. Increased demand from Xbox 360 purchasers (the largest number of new user sign-ups in the history of Xbox Live) was given as the reason for the downtime. On January 18, 2008, Microsoft announced "Undertow" would be offered free to both Gold and Free members for the week starting January 23 through January 27 as compensation.

title: Xbox 360 technical problems

text: During the February 2007 investigation report, Kassa stated that either not all Xbox 360s without protective pads would spontaneously scratch discs, or that the complaints were from Xbox 360 users who had moved their Xbox during use, or who used an unstable setup. Kassa's February 2007 investigation left open the question of whether consumers contributed to the rounded scratch problem by moving their Xbox 360 (TSST version) during the playing of a disc. This resulted in Kassa receiving an additional 1,000 complaints over the subsequent two months, with many consumers denying the Xbox had moved when the scratching occurred, or that it had been placed in an unstable position.

title: Xbox 360 technical problems

text: People who experience the problem will find that they have to send the Xbox 360 away for repair or replacement and it may take up to 3 weeks to repair or replace. During the time of the Xbox being replaced, Microsoft and UPS will keep the client(s) updated with the current status of where the Xbox is and whether it is being repaired or replaced.

title: Serious Sam (video game)

text:
The remake of the first episode, "Serious Sam HD: The First Encounter", was released on 24 November 2009 for Microsoft Windows through Steam, on 13 January 2010 for Xbox 360 through the Xbox Live Arcade and on 20 March 2017 for Linux through Steam thanks to the Fusion Engine.
The remake of the second episode, "Serious Sam HD: The Second Encounter", was released on 28 April 2010 for Microsoft Windows through Steam, on 22 September 2010 for Xbox 360 through the Xbox Live Arcade and on 4 April 2017 for Linux through Steam, again thanks to the Fusion Engine.
On 14 January 2011, the DLC titled ""Fusion"" was released on Steam, which merged the levels of "The First Encounter" into "The Second Encounter". This DLC was free for everyone who owned both encounters on Steam.
Additionally, "The Second Encounter HD" was expanded with new piece of DLC called "Legend of the Beast". Released on 15 May 2012, it contained new maps for the Survival and Multiplayer modes and a new, short set of campaign missions.

title: Xbox 360

text: When the Xbox 360 was released, Microsoft's online gaming service Xbox Live was shut down for 24 hours and underwent a major upgrade, adding a basic non-subscription service called Xbox Live Silver (later renamed Xbox Live Free) to its already established premium subscription-based service (which was renamed Gold). Xbox Live Free is included with all SKUs of the console. It allows users to create a user profile, join on message boards, and access Microsoft's Xbox Live Arcade and Marketplace and talk to other members. A Live Free account does not generally support multiplayer gaming; however, some games that have rather limited online functions already, (such as "Viva Piñata") or games that feature their own subscription service (e.g. EA Sports games) can be played with a Free account. Xbox Live also supports voice the latter a feature possible with the Xbox Live Vision.

title: Xbox

text: In 2016, Microsoft announced that it would hold its own Xbox FanFest instead of a press conference at the Gamescom annual European video game convention.[77] Microsoft held an Xbox FanFest in Sydney in September 2016.[78]