query: Who was the first host of The Early Show on CBS?

title: The Early Show

text: The Early Show began on November 1, 1999 (around the time when Viacom, a former CBS division, had purchased the network) when CBS executives successfully lured former Today host Bryant Gumbel to head up the broadcast, teamed with ABC News correspondent Jane Clayson. Unlike with This Morning, CBS asked its affiliates to carry the two-hour program in its entirety. Julie Chen read the news, while Mark McEwen of Live By Request, the sole holdover from This Morning, did the weather. Initial ratings were not encouraging, and were actually lower than those of This Morning.[11][12] Gumbel left on May 17, 2002,[13] and shortly thereafter Clayson and McEwen were replaced.

title: The Early Show

text: Maria Shriver, who had joined CBS as a West Coast feature reporter in 1983, and Forrest Sawyer, new to the network, were named co-anchors of The CBS Morning News on August 30, 1985. After a respectable year albeit still placing third in the ratings, Shriver and Sawyer made their last appearance on the program on August 1, 1986, after CBS announced that the early morning timeslot would leave control of the news division, to be replaced by a new show produced by a newly created unit in the CBS Broadcast Group.[2] Prodded by network affiliates, CBS decided that an entertainment format might work better against Good Morning America and Today, and planning began for a new show that would come to be called The Morning Program.[3] Bruce Morton and Faith Daniels became the first in a string of substitutes to host Morning News until it left the air.[4]

title: Bryant Gumbel

text: After leaving the "Today" and "Dateline NBC" in 1997, Gumbel moved to CBS, where he hosted various shows before becoming co-host of the network's morning show "The Early Show" on November 1, 1999. Gumbel left "The Early Show" (and CBS that same year) on May 17, 2002. Gumbel was hosting "The Early Show" on the morning of September 11, 2001. He was the first to announce the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers.

title: Bill Reiter

text: Bill Reiter is a writer and sports personality for CBS Sports. He is best known for hosting "Reiter Than You", CBS Sports' first live primetime digital television show. His early work reporting on LeBron James during Lebron's first season with the Miami Heat also distinguished Fox Sports and its early NBA coverage. Reiter currently hosts "Reiter Than You" as well as "Reiter's Block" and is the national columnist for CBSSports.com.

title: CBS News Sunday Morning

text: In 1982, the weekday version was extended to a full two hours and restored its previous CBS Morning News title, later to be replaced by short-lived The Morning Program in 1987. The Sunday version, however, survived, and retains its original format. Long after the daily editions ended, the Sunday edition's opening sequence continued to display all seven days of the week until the early 2000s. On January 25, 2004, CBS News Sunday Morning celebrated its 25th anniversary with clips and highlights from the show's first quarter-century on the air. Host Charles Osgood showed clips from former host Charles Kuralt.

title: The Gayle King Show

text: On November 10, 2011, King secured a deal with CBS to host "CBS This Morning", the replacement of "The Early Show", beginning on January 9, 2012. As a result, "The Gayle King Show" ended on November 17, 2011.

title: Julie Chen

text: Julie Suzanne Chen (born January 6, 1970) is an American television personality, news anchor, and producer for CBS. She has been the host of the U.S. version of the CBS reality-television program "Big Brother" since its debut in July 2000 and is the longest-serving host of any country's version of the show. She was a co-host and the moderator of the CBS daytime show "The Talk" for eight seasons. Previously, she was a co-anchor of "The Early Show" on CBS.

title: Miss USA

text: The pageant aired on CBS from 1963 until 2002, and for many years was known for having a CBS game show host as pageant host. John Charles Daly hosted the show from 1963–1966, Bob Barker from 1967 (he was not a regular for the CBS network until 1972 when he became host of "The Price Is Right" which he hosted until 2007) until 1987 (at which point he quit in a dispute over fur coats), Alan Thicke in 1988, Dick Clark from 1989 to 1993, and Bob Goen from 1994 to 1996. The show's highest ratings were in the early 1980s, when it regularly topped the Nielsen ratings. Viewership dropped sharply from the 1990s to the 2000s, from an estimated viewership of 20 million to an average of 7 million from 2000–2001. In 2002, owner Donald Trump brokered a new deal with NBC, giving them half-ownership of the Miss USA, Miss Universe and Miss Teen USA and moving them to NBC on an initial five-year contract. The pageants were first shown on NBC in 2003.

title: The Joker's Wild

text: Barry was not the original choice to host, due to his past involvement in the 1950s quiz show scandals. As a result, Allen Ludden hosted the first two pilots for CBS. Barry hosted the local KTLA series in 1971, but CBS was still hesitant to let him host the network run in 1972. Tom Kennedy, Wink Martindale, and Ludden were the three top choices to host, but each was already committed to other shows (Kennedy was tied to "Split Second" for ABC, Ludden had just started hosting a revival of "Password", and Martindale was to host "Gambit" which was to premiere the same day as "Joker" on CBS). They even offered it to Dennis James, who had originally been the favorite to land the host job for the upcoming Mark Goodson–Bill Todman Productions' game show "The New Price Is Right". When CBS agreed to a weekday daytime version of "The New Price Is Right", Vice President of Daytime Programming B. Donald "Bud" Grant wanted 15-year "Truth or Consequences" host Bob Barker to host "New Price" instead of James. Barker originally said he would gladly host "Joker", but Grant convinced him to take the hosting role on "Price" instead. With no alternatives after Grant pushed Barker to "The New Price Is Right" (a position he would hold for 35 years) and James was hired by Goodson to host a nighttime syndicated version of the same program, Barry was given the green light to host. Barry's contract, however, was only for sixty-five episodes (thirteen weeks, a standard run for a daytime game show).

title: The Early Show

text: CBS News correspondents Jane Wallace and Meredith Vieira briefly alternated as interim co-host in an on-air try-out that lasted several months, but both were passed over for the permanent spot. Instead, CBS settled for former Miss America and NFL Today co-host Phyllis George, who was given a three-year contract following a mere two-week trial run. There was little chemistry between George and Kurtis onscreen and the show fared poorly.

title: The Early Show

text: The debut theme for The Early Show was a typical opener for an American morning news program. When the show reformatted with new hosts and set, an instrumental version of the same-titled track from Sting's 1999 hit album, "Brand New Day" until late October 2006, when it was replaced by a variant of the James Horner theme originally composed that year for the CBS Evening News. On January 7, 2008, as part of CBS's attempt to relaunch the show with new hosts and set, an updated version of Horner's composition was introduced; the theme was modified a number of times after the format change. On June 27, 2011, The Early Show began using a slower-tempoed version of the CBS Evening News theme by Trivers-Myers Music (the original version of which was first used on the evening news program from 1987 to 1991, before being revived in 2011 upon Scott Pelley taking over as anchor of the broadcast).

title: Bob Barker

text: In early 1972, Mark Goodson and Bill Todman began shopping a modernized revival of "The Price Is Right" to stations, with Dennis James as host. CBS expressed interest in the series, on one condition: instead of James, Barker would be installed as host. After some initial resistance, Barker instead offered to host another upcoming CBS game show, Jack Barry's "The Joker's Wild" (which had difficulty finding a host and was scheduled to debut the same day as "Price") to allow James to host "Price", but CBS rejected this proposal. The eventual compromise that was struck led to Barker hosting the daytime "Price" on CBS, James hosting the weekly nighttime "Price" in syndication, and Jack Barry himself (first on a trial basis, then eventually permanently) hosting "Joker".

title: The Early Show

text: The Saturday edition of The Early Show traces its beginnings to the September 13, 1997 premiere of CBS News Saturday Morning, originally anchored by Russ Mitchell and former New York congresswoman Susan Molinari, who left in 1998; a succession of co-hosts appeared alongside Mitchell for the remainder of his first tenure with the program: Dawn Stensland (1998–1999), Thalia Assuras (1999–2002), Gretchen Carlson (2002–2005), Tracy Smith (2005–2007). Jeff Glor and Chris Wragge rotated as co-hosts alongside Maggie Rodriguez in 2007.

title: Dennis James

text: James was a regular substitute host for Monty Hall on "Let's Make a Deal" beginning in January 1972, when he caught the attention of Mark Goodson and Bill Todman, who were putting together "The New Price Is Right" for syndication; the new format would incorporate the original format from 1956–1965 with elements from "Let's Make a Deal". James and Goodson co-hosted a promotional film, selling stations on the 1972 revival of the show, which was originally hosted by James's fellow TV pioneer Bill Cullen. CBS (at the time re-entering the game show market after four years without any) agreed to pick up a daytime version of the show, but insisted on "Truth or Consequences" host Bob Barker as host. Barker took the daytime show, which he hosted until 2007, while James hosted a weekly version for the syndicated market, which aired in the "access period" leading into prime time and was thus known as "the nighttime "Price Is Right"". On the nighttime "Price Is Right", James was reunited with another DuMont Television Network host, Johnny Olson, who served as announcer. James hosted the weekly show from 1972–77, and also filled in for Barker during four daytime episodes in December 1974, becoming the first substitute host of the CBS version. James's departure from the nighttime show in 1977 marked the end of his game show career.

title: Harry Smith (American journalist)

text: On October 28, 2002, Smith returned to the CBS morning show, by that point renamed "The Early Show". He hosted the program for eight years before CBS announced that Smith and co-anchors Maggie Rodriguez and Dave Price would leave the show at the end of 2010. His last day on the show was December 31, 2010. By that point, Smith had spent a total of seventeen years on a CBS morning show. Upon leaving the program, Smith became a Senior Correspondent for CBS News and substitute anchor for the "CBS Evening News", "Face the Nation", and "CBS News Sunday Morning". In addition to his television assignments, Smith delivered a daily "Harry Smith Reporting" editorial for the CBS Radio Network.

title: Robert Earle

text: Robert Earle (born January 5, 1926 in Baldwin, New York) is a former host of "G.E. College Bowl," an American game show that was broadcast first by CBS, later by NBC. Earle was the second host of the show, succeeding Allen Ludden, who left the show in 1962 to host "Password." Earle hosted "College Bowl" during its entire NBC run, from 1962 to 1970.

title: The Early Show

text: On October 28, 2002, The Early Show overhauled its hosting staff. The new team consisted of Chen, Harry Smith (former host of Biography and CBS This Morning), Hannah Storm (former commentator for NBC Sports), Rene Syler (who joined the program after serving as a news anchor at CBS' owned-and-operated station KTVT in Dallas), and weatherman Dave Price (joining the program after a run as a morning meteorologist at New York City Fox O&O WNYW), who also worked at WCBS-TV for some time after joining The Early Show. To keep affiliates happy, CBS went back to the local/national hybrid format originated on CBS This Morning in 1997.[16] The program also had a number of "correspondents" who conducted short segments on specific issues, including Martha Stewart (until not long after the aforementioned segment with Jane Clayson), Martha Quinn, Bobby Flay and Bob Vila, among others. In 2004, Susan Koeppen became the program's consumer correspondent.

title: Jack Paar

text: Paar got his first tastes of television in the early 1950s, appearing as a comic on "The Ed Sullivan Show" and hosting two game shows, "Up To Paar" (1952) and "Bank on the Stars" (1953), before hosting "The Morning Show" (1954) on CBS. He guest-starred twice in 1958 on Polly Bergen's short-lived NBC comedy/variety show, "The Polly Bergen Show".

title: NBA on CBS

text: While Brent Musburger did host most of CBS' NBA Finals pregame and halftime programs, Pat O'Brien hosted a pregame show during the earlier rounds of the playoffs called "The Basketball Show". O'Brien, working with analyst Bill Raftery, also hosted the "Prudential At The Half". When Musburger left CBS Sports in April 1990, O'Brien took over the NBA Finals (the last that CBS did) hosting duties full-time. In 1988 and 1989, Pat O'Brien filled-in for Brent Musburger (who was busy covering the College World Series for CBS) as the NBA Finals anchor for Game 2.CBS broadcast a Christmas Day game each year from to with the exception of .

title: The Early Show

text: On January 18, 1982, again at the expense of Captain Kangaroo, Morning was expanded to the same two-hour format that Today and GMA were utilizing. Along the way it reassumed the title of The CBS Morning News (not to be confused with CBS's earlier morning newscast, the CBS Early Morning News, later retitled as the CBS Morning News). Kuralt was replaced on the weekday broadcasts in March 1982. By this time management decided that morning news programming should be more competitive and hired Bill Kurtis, anchor of the highly rated evening newscasts at WBBM-TV in Chicago, as Sawyer's co-host. The Sunday edition of Morning, with Kuralt as host, was kept; it remains on the air under its original title, CBS News Sunday Morning (now hosted by Jane Pauley).

title: CBS This Morning

text: CBS instead tapped a trio of noted television veterans for the weekday editions of "This Morning": "Early Show" holdover Erica Hill, Gayle King and Charlie Rose. Licht describes Rose, who previously hosted CBS's former overnight news program "CBS News Nightwatch" (which was replaced by "Up to the Minute" and later "CBS Overnight News") in the 1980s, and has also served as a part-time correspondent for occasional segments since 2008 on the long-running newsmagazine "60 Minutes", as "an incredible interviewer."

title: Alex Trebek

text: In 1973, he moved to the United States and worked for NBC as host of a new game show, "The Wizard of Odds." A year later Trebek hosted the popular Merrill Heatter-Bob Quigley game show, "High Rollers," which had two incarnations on NBC (1974–76 and 1978–80), and an accompanying syndicated season (1975–76). In between stints as host of "High Rollers," Trebek hosted the short-lived CBS game show "Double Dare" (not to be confused with the 1986 Nickelodeon game show of the same name). "Double Dare" turned out to be his only game show with the CBS network (he returned to CBS in 1994 to host Pillsbury Bake-Off until 1998), and the first show he hosted for what was then Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions, as well as the second season of the syndicated series "The $128,000 Question," which taped in Toronto.

title: The Price Is Right (U.S. game show)

text: A weekly syndicated version debuted the week after the daytime show and continued to air until September 1980. It was distributed by Viacom Enterprises, which had started as the syndication arm of CBS. When Mark Goodson devised the revival of Price for the 1972–73 season, it was intended for a nighttime broadcast under new rules for early-prime syndication and Goodson named Dennis James to host the show. (When CBS commissioned a new daily daytime version, Goodson also wanted James to host the show, but CBS wanted Barker, who was hosting "Truth or Consequences" at the time, to take it. Barker offered to compromise by hosting "The Joker's Wild", but CBS again insisted Barker host "Price" instead.)

title: Around the World for Free

text: The first iteration of the project was hosted by Alex Boylan. He traveled around the world without any money and was aided in his quest by a social networking site created for this purpose. Alex was accompanied by Zsolt Luka who directed, filmed and edited the series on an ongoing basis. Executive Produced by Alex Boylan, Burton Roberts and Co-Executive Produced by Andrew Bishop, the first production season started on Sep 18, 2007, from midtown Manhattan and a kick-off on the CBS Early Show morning talk show, and ended back in New York City on the same program on February 23, 2008. During the production there were bi-weekly live on-air feeds to the Early Show from the field, but there was no formal affiliation between CBS and ATWFF.

title: The Joker's Wild

text: In 1994, Philips produced two editions for its CD-i platform based on "The Joker's Wild", licensed by Sony Pictures Entertainment, who owned the franchise at that point. These games featured television game show hosts and were based more or less on the first syndicated series, while the sets on both games resembled the 1990 version. Wink Martindale hosted the first edition, while Marc Summers could be found on a special "Junior" edition of the game. The late Charlie O'Donnell served as the announcer for both games. Martindale was among the first candidates to host the original series when CBS was still not entirely sold on Jack Barry as host, due to his involvement in the quiz show scandals of the 1950s. However, Martindale already chose to host "Gambit," another of the three game shows that premiered on the same day in 1972 on CBS ("New Price" also debuted that day). O'Donnell was an announcer on the series in question also. The theme music in these games was a remix of the 1977–86 theme.

title: The Late Late Show (U.S. talk show)

text: The Late Late Show is an American late-night television talk and variety show on CBS. It first aired in January 1995, with host Tom Snyder, followed by Craig Kilborn and Craig Ferguson. It is currently hosted by James Corden. The show originates from CBS Television City in Los Angeles.

title: Tonight Starring Jack Paar

text: In July 1957, after the failure of "Tonight! America After Dark" (a news-oriented program first hosted by Jack Lescoulie and briefly by Al Collins), NBC reverted its late-night show, "Tonight", to a talk/variety show format as it had been during Steve Allen's tenure as host. Brought in to host the reformatted "Tonight" was Jack Paar; Paar was, at the time, working for CBS and hosting the network's "The Early Show", a morning show similar to NBC's "The Today Show", before he agreed to jump networks and take over "Tonight". Under Paar, most of the NBC affiliates which had dropped the show during the ill-fated run of "America After Dark" (or who had never picked it up) began airing the show once again. Paar's era began the practice of branding the series after the host, and as such the program, though officially still called "Tonight", was marketed as "The Jack Paar Show". A combo band conducted by Paar's Army buddy pianist José Melis filled commercial breaks and backed musical entertainers. When Paar was on vacation, the show was presided over by guest hosts; one of these early hosts was Johnny Carson. Other guest hosts included Jonathan Winters, Orson Bean, as well as the show's announcer, Hugh Downs. Starting in 1960, it was one of the first regularly scheduled shows to be videotaped in color, with the show recorded very early in the evening and broadcast from 11:15 P.M. to 1 A.M. Eastern time that night. Only a handful of complete Jack Paar "Tonight Show" episodes exist. All of them are black-and-white kinescope recordings; no color videotapes of any complete Paar "Tonight" shows are known to exist. Paar hosted the program from 1957 to 1962.

title: The Late Late Show (U.S. talk show)

text:
Letterman had offered the "Late Late" spot to Garry Shandling, a former permanent guest host of "The Tonight Show" but Shandling turned the offer down in favour of "The Larry Sanders Show" (NBC had previously approached Shandling about succeeding Letterman on "Late Night" but he had also declined that offer). He also offered the slot to "Later" host Bob Costas who also declined.
Letterman then insisted on Snyder despite CBS wanting a younger host with a comedy background and a more traditional late night talk variety format. In 1998, the network reportedly reasserted its desire for a host who could attract a younger demographic and asked Worldwide Pants not to renew Snyder's contract when it expired in September 1999, though other reports portray the decision to leave as Snyder's decision, with Snyder informing management that he wished to depart before his contract ended, as early as January 1999. Snyder would return to CBS to guest-host some episodes of the "Late Show" while Letterman recuperated from heart surgery in 2000.

title: Adam Wurtzel

text: In 2009, Wurtzel was selected through a nationwide search to host the 3-hour Game Show Network live game show GSN Live. Already the Audience Warm-Up and Plaza Producer for CBS's The Early Show, this attention led Wurtzel to be named Backstage Correspondent for CBS's Early Backstage segments.

title: Password (game show)

text: CBS picked up a new version of the show entitled "Million Dollar Password", hosted by Regis Philbin, which premiered on June 1, 2008 and ran for 12 episodes over two seasons. The series was taped in New York, and was the second million-dollar game show that Philbin has hosted (the first being the American network version "Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?"). The first season taped at the Kaufman Astoria Studios in New York City, and the second season was taped at the CBS Radford studios in Los Angeles.

title: Bryant Gumbel

text: Gumbel moved to CBS, where he hosted various shows before becoming co-host of the network's morning show "The Early Show" on November 1, 1999. Gumbel was hosting "The Early Show" on the morning of September 11, 2001. He was the first to announce the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers. Gumbel left CBS and "The Early Show" on May 17, 2002.


query: When was Vargas born?

title: Mario Vargas Llosa

text: Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquis of Vargas Llosa (born March 28, 1936), more commonly known as Mario Vargas Llosa (/ˈvɑːrɡəsˈjoʊsə/;[3] Spanish:[ˈmaɾjo ˈβaɾɣaz ˈʎosa]), is a Peruvian writer, politician, journalist, essayist and college professor. Vargas Llosa is one of Latin America's most significant novelists and essayists, and one of the leading writers of his generation. Some critics consider him to have had a larger international impact and worldwide audience than any other writer of the Latin American Boom.[4] In 2010 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat."[5]

title: József Varga (footballer, born 1988)

text: At the end of the season Varga returned to Debrecen after Middlesbrough refused to take up the option to buy Varga for 650,000 euros Middlesbrough boss Aitor Karanka stated this was because Varga was not a natural right back and to employ him as so would be a detriment to the player himself.

title: Alex Vargas

text: Alexander Vargas Blay (born 17 February 1988), known professionally as Alex Vargas, is a Danish singer, songwriter and record producer. He was born in Denmark to a Danish-English mother and a Uruguayan father.

title: Claudio Vargas (footballer)

text: Claudio Vargas fullname Claudio David Vargas Villalba (born 15 October 1985) is a Paraguayan footballer, who plays for Luqueño.

title: Elizabeth Vargas

text: Vargas was born in Paterson, New Jersey, to a Puerto Rican father, Rafael "Ralf" Vargas, a colonel in the U.S. Army, and an Irish-American mother, Anne Vargas. She spent her youth moving from post to post in Germany and Belgium. Vargas graduated with a bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Missouri in Columbia, where she made her debut broadcast as a reporter/anchor for NBC affiliate KOMU-TV.

title: Richard S. Varga

text: Richard Varga was born in Cleveland, Ohio of Hungarian-born parents in 1928. He obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Case Institute of Technology (present Case Western Reserve University) in 1950. Varga was a member of the collegiate wrestling team of Case.

title: José Lino Vargas

text: José Lino Vargas was born on 6 March 1930 in Pichilemu, in current Cardenal Caro Province, Region of O'Higgins, Chile. His parents were Lino de los Ángeles Vargas Martínez and Elena del Carmen Jorquera Cifuentes. Vargas married Ruth Claudina del Tránsito Waman Becerra (born 10 April 1949) in Rancagua on 4 December 1968.

title: V. M. Varga

text: Things escalate when Varga shows up unannounced for dinner at Emmit's house. After dinner, Varga proposes to sign Emmit on as a business partner. Although Emmit is reluctant, Varga convinces him that signing will allow him to become much richer and ensure his wealth is protected; the former ultimately complies. When Officer Lopez, who is investigating the hit-and-run he committed, questions Sy, who acts very suspiciously, Yuri and Meemo are watching. Later, Varga takes Sy's office and punishes him for talking to law enforcement by forcing him to drink urine from his mug. Varga has a meeting with Emmit, voicing his distrust of Sy and suggests he and Emmit's ne'er-do-well brother Ray may be working together to bring Emmit down. Explaining to Emmit and Sy, he plans to expand Stussy Lots by 16 garages within three months; Sy is wary, but Emmit seems eager. When Gloria Burgle and Lopez want to question Emmit, Varga curtails the meeting and obtains Gloria's card. A distraught Emmit calls Varga to manage the cleanup of Ray's death at the former's hand. Varga concocts a story that Ray abused his girlfriend Nikki Swango, causing injuries actually inflicted by Varga's men, and she retaliated. On Christmas, Varga asks Emmit how he feels about his murder of Ray; Emmit responds, "Free", but begins to cry. He sends uniformed assassin Golem to kill an imprisoned Nikki but, when this fails, his men plant a ramp, causing the prison bus, with Nikki and Mr. Wrench inside, to overturn. Nikki escapes with Wrench's help; Varga's men die along the chase. Varga poisons Sy, sending him into a coma.

title: Marc Cohn

text: Cohn and ABC News journalist Elizabeth Vargas married on July 20, 2002. The pair met at the 1999 U.S. Open after Vargas sought an interview with Cohn's friend, Andre Agassi. They have two sons, Zachary (born January 31, 2003) and Samuel (born August 16, 2006). Cohn and Vargas divorced in 2014, days after Vargas came out of alcoholism rehab for a third time.

title: Alfred Vargas

text: Vargas was born on October 24, 1979 in San Juan City. He is the son of Alfredo Vargas, Jr. and Susana Dumlao Vargas.

title: József Varga (footballer, born 1954)

text: Born in Budapest, Varga spent most of his career with Budapesti Honvéd, where he was very popular and nicknamed "Kacsa" (duck). He also spent some time playing abroad, notably with for Turkish first division club Denizlispor. Varga finished his professional career at Újpest FC.

title: Guillermo Vargas

text: Guillermo Vargas Jiménez, also known as Habacuc, (born September 18, 1975, in San José, Costa Rica) is an artist best known for the controversy caused when he exhibited an emaciated dog in a gallery in Nicaragua in 2007.

title: József Varga (footballer, born 1988)

text: On 30 January 2013 Varga joined the Bundesliga club Greuther Fürth on loan from Debrecen until the end of the 2012–13 Fußball-Bundesliga season. Varga was watched by several Premier League clubs including Swansea but Varga decided to move to Bavaria. On 1 February 2013, Varga played his first Bundesliga match in 2-1 victory over Schalke in Gelsenkirchen at the Veltins-Arena.

title: Laura Guadalupe Vargas Vargas

text: Laura Guadalupe Vargas Vargas (born 10 December 1987) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRI. As of 2013 she served as Deputy of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Puebla.

title: Billy Varga

text: William Joe Varga (January 10, 1919 – January 11, 2013), billed as Count Billy Varga, was an American professional wrestler and actor. He was born to Rose and Joe Varga; his father was a professional wrestler in Europe known as Count Joseph Varga and taught his son wrestling at the age of five. He attended Hollywood High School and graduated from the University of Southern California. Varga won the world's light-heavyweight title in 1941 and later joined the Navy until he arrived home in 1947. Varga's wrestling career began to fall apart in the 1970s as he was busy in television and movie work.

title: Vic Vargas

text: Vic Vargas was born on March 28, 1939. Vargas was a three-time Philippine judo champion at the age of 17.

title: Jessie Vargas

text: Vargas got attention when, during a fight against Trenton Titsworth, Vargas was kissed on the neck and he responded by hitting Titsworth during the break. Titsworth was docked two points, Vargas one.

title: Jesus M. Vargas

text: Jesus Miranda Vargas was born on March 22, 1905 in Manila to Braulio Vargas and Petrona Miranda.

title: V. M. Varga

text: In 2010, Varga arrives at Stussy Corporation offices when Emmit Stussy seeks to repay a business loan from Varga's shady organization made two years before. However, Varga explains that the company does not want their money back, and that it was an "investment" and partnership with his organization. Concerned for his business, Emmit asks his lawyer Irv Burman to investigate Varga. A Google search causes the lawyer's computer to crash and, later, Varga's henchmen Yuri Gurka and Meemo toss him off a parking garage. Varga then takes ownership of an unused wing of Emmit's offices. Learning of a theft by Emmit's younger brother Ray, and suspecting Varga was involved in Irv's death, Emmit and Sy consider selling their company.

title: Vargas Era

text: The Vargas Era (Portuguese: "Era Vargas"; ) is the period in the history of Brazil between 1930 and 1945, when the country was under the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas.

title: The Teardrop rapist

text:
DNA evidence from 11 of the sexual assaults were conclusively linked when the rape kits were tested.
In 1999, Luis Vargas was sentenced 55 years to life for three sexual assaults that occurred throughout 1998 and 1999. The conviction relied mostly on eyewitness testimony by the victims, all three of whom identified Vargas as their attacker. Despite this, Vargas maintained his innocence the entire time he was in prison, filing as many appeals as he could. When the appeals went nowhere, Vargas contacted the California Innocence Project. The CIP requested that the evidence from the first victim who was allegedly attacked by Vargas be tested for DNA. The request was granted and it was found that the DNA from the rape kits did not match Vargas' DNA, but rather another man who had been sexually assaulting women for 16 years. Vargas was exonerated of the crimes in 2015.

title: Rafael Vargas-Suarez

text: Rafael Vargas-Suarez (born 1972), more commonly known as Vargas-Suarez Universal, is a contemporary artist living and working in Brooklyn, New York. Born in Mexico City, Vargas-Suarez was raised in the Houston suburb of Clear Lake City, adjacent to the Johnson Space Center. From 1991 to 1996 he studied astronomy and art history at the University of Texas at Austin and moved to New York City in 1997.

title: John Vargas

text: John Vargas was born in the Bronx and moved to Puerto Rico when his father Juan A. Maldonado was killed in Laos during the Vietnam war Upon finishing high school he was accepted to the prestigious Drama Department at Carnegie Mellon University, becoming the first Puerto Rican to graduate from its drama dept. Upon graduating, Vargas moved to Los Angeles.

title: Gabriel Vargas

text: Gabriel Vargas was born in Tulancingo, Hidalgo, on February 5, 1915, and had 11 siblings. His father was a merchant and died when Gabriel was four years old. In 1922, his mother, Josefina Bernal, moved the family to Mexico City. Around 1928, Vargas began work as a draftsman for the "Excélsior" newspaper and eventually became its chief drawer by 1931 when he was sixteen. Vargas won an art contest sponsored by "Panamericana Editorial" which led to him penning his first comic, "Los Superlocos", whose main protagonists became the basis for "La Familia Burrón".

title: Akeem Vargas

text: Akeem Vargas (born 29 April 1990) is a German professional basketball player who currently plays for the Skyliners Frankfurt of the Basketball Bundesliga. Before he joined Frankfurt, he played for Alba Berlin. Vargas was born in the United States but grew up in Leimen (Baden), Germany.

title: Carlos Vargas Ferrer

text: Carlos Vargas Ferrer was born in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, but raised in the nearby town of San Sebastián. From an early age, he was raised by his mother, Paulina Ferrer, and his stepfather, Ramón Vargas. Vargas officially adopted him when Carlos was 25 years old. In an interview, Vargas said "being adopted is one of the most beautiful experiences of my life ... [My stepfather] was always my father, emotionally he always was".

title: Virginia Vargas

text:
Virginia "Gina" Vargas Valente (born 23 July 1945) is a Peruvian sociologist and a leader of the women's movement in her country.
Virginia Vargas was born on 23 July 1945 in Lima, Peru, the second of four children. Following secondary school, Vargas attended Pontifical Catholic University of Peru from 1963 to 1968. She was initially interested in drama and literature, but later turned her focus to political science.

title: Vargas diamond

text: The Vargas Diamond, discovered in Brazil on August 13, 1938 by Joaquim Venancio Tiago and Manoel Miguel Domingues, was when pulled out of the ground. Twenty-nine smaller diamonds were carved from the larger rough Vargas Diamond including the emerald cut diamond named "President Vargas", after the former Brazilian President, Getúlio Vargas.

title: Vargas Brothers Art Studio

text: Carlos (1885-1979) and Miguel Vargas (1887-1976) were born in humble circumstances in Arequipa, Peru. Enrolling in the Salesian College of Arequipa, the brothers caught the attention of Max T. Vargas, a noted photographer and father of the artist Alberto Vargas, by manufacturing their own camera. The class project received the school's silver medal and soon thereafter in 1900, they became apprentices to Max T. Vargas, who had no familial ties to the brothers.

title: Elizabeth Vargas

text: After three years of dating, on July 20, 2002, Vargas married singer-songwriter Marc Cohn. They have two sons, Zachary Raphael Cohn (born January 31, 2003) and Samuel Wyatt Cohn (born August 16, 2006). Vargas also has two stepchildren, Max and Emily, from Cohn's first marriage. In August 2014, "Entertainment Tonight" reported that Vargas and Cohn were divorcing after 12 years of marriage.

title: Fernando Vargas

text: Vargas claimed that this would be the last fight of his career regardless of the result. He warned Mayorga that he would not tolerate any insults from him like the ones he hurled at Oscar De La Hoya in their press conferences. Vargas stayed true to his promise when at the first official press conference for the fight, Mayorga said some offensive things towards Vargas and attempted to slap him. Vargas immediately jumped up from his seat and retaliated with punches and a brawl broke out between the two fighters' camps, though order was quickly restored. Vargas also recalled the time when Mayorga said Vargas was scared of him when he had defeated Javier Castillejo, then was stripped of his WBC light middleweight title rather than face Mayorga, who then defeated Michele Piccirillo for the vacant title. Ultimately the contestants faced off, and Mayorga defeated Vargas by majority decision on November 23, 2007. The scores were 113-113, 114-112, and 115-111. Crucially, Vargas was knocked down in the 1st round and again in the 11th round. Post-fight Ricardo Mayorga apologized to Vargas and the two forgave each other. Vargas officially declared his retirement soon after.


query: What was the last siege of WW2?

title: Battle for Castle Itter

text: The Battle for Castle Itter was fought in the Austrian North Tyrol village of Itter on 5 May 1945, in the last days of the European Theater of World War II.

title: Siege Equipment

text: Steve Jackson reviewed "Siege Equipment" in "The Space Gamer" No. 58. Jackson commented that "this is an attractive and authentic line. I recommend it without reservation to both fantasy and historical miniaturists. A siege is a siege, and here's what you need to win it."

title: Siege of Burgos (1475)

text: The siege of Burgos was one of the last military engagements that saw the use of trebuchets, as gunpowder weaponry such as cannons became increasingly common, and the siege is one of the last known references to their use. During the siege bombards were used alongside with the trebuchets.

title: Siege of Ponda

text: The Siege of Ponda was a siege of Ponda, Goa, during the Imperial Maratha Conquests. The siege lasted from 8 April to 6 May 1675.

title: Siege of Bactra

text: The Siege of Bactra was a siege of the Hellenistic period that lasted from 208 to 206 BC. It was a siege of the city of Bactra by the Seleucid Empire after they defeated the Greco-Bactrians at the Battle of the Arius.

title: Siege

text: The 1993 police siege on the Branch Davidian church in Waco, Texas, lasted 51 days, an atypically long police siege. Unlike traditional military sieges, police sieges tend to last for hours or days, rather than weeks, months, or years.

title: Siege of Lucknow

text: The first siege had lasted 87 days, the second siege a further 61.

title: Siege of Gandesa (1938)

text: The attack against the Francoist troops entrenched in the town of Gandesa was mainly led by the 35th Division of the 15th Army Corps ("XV Cuerpo del Ejército"), led by Manuel Tagüeña Other divisions involved as the siege progressed were the 3d, 11th, 43d, 45th and 46th. Among the attackers the XV International Brigade, who had led the Battle of Gandesa a few months before, also took part in what would be its last battle in Spain.

title: Siege of Acre (1189–1191)

text: The Siege of Acre was the first significant counter attack by King Guy of Jerusalem to the losses the kingdom experienced to Saladin, leader of the Muslims in Syria and Egypt and formed part of what later became known as the Third Crusade. The siege lasted from August 1189 until July 1191, in which time the city's coastal position meant the attacking Latin force were unable to fully invest the city and Saladin was unable to fully relieve it with both sides receiving supplies and resources by sea. Finally, it was a key victory for the Crusaders and a serious setback for Saladin's ambition to destroy the Crusader States.

title: Victory Day (Malta)

text: On 7 September 1565, the Sicilian fleet Gran Soccorso, reached the Maltese shores to provide assistance to the Maltese, therefore setting back the Turkish invasion. The next day, after more than three months of siege, the Ottomans, who were besieging the suburbs of Birgu and Isla, retired their forces and left that region of the island. Despite battles were ongoing in the region of what today is St. Paul's Bay, it can be said that this date marked the last day of the Great Siege, which is considered as one of the bloodiest in world history and the greatest siege in the history of Malta.

title: Siege of Oreja

text: The Siege of Oreja was a siege by the forces of Alfonso VII, Emperor of Spain, on the Spanish town Colmenar de Oreja that lasted from April until October 1139 when the Almoravid garrison surrendered. It was the first major victory of the renewed "Reconquista" that characterised the last two decades of Alfonso's reign.

title: Sverre of Norway

text: In Spring 1201 Sverre sailed out from Bergen with a large leidang force in what would be his last campaign season. With this army he could demand war taxes without opposition on both sides of the Oslofjord during the summer. In September he set up camp at Tønsberg and laid siege to Tønsberg Fortress, which was garrisoned by Reidar Sendemann and his men. The siege dragged on because the other Bagler leaders dared not send a relief force and the garrison did not fall for any of Sverre's tricks. At last, on 25 January, Reidar and his men surrendered, and Sverre decided to sail back to Bergen.

title: Siege artillery in the American Civil War

text: The weight and size of siege artillery prevented it from regularly travelling with the armies. When needed, siege artillery and other material needed for siege operations were assembled into what was called a siege train and transported to the army. In the American Civil War, the siege train was always transported to the area of the siege by water.

title: Siege of Multan

text: The Siege of Multan was a prolonged contest between the city and state of Multan and the British East India Company. The siege lasted between 19 April 1848, when a rebellion in the city against a ruler imposed by the East India Company precipitated the Second Anglo-Sikh War, and 22 January 1849, when the last defenders surrendered.

title: The Last Valley (1971 film)

text: Clavell was going to make the film after "The Great Siege", a story of the Siege of Malta, which he was going to do after "Where's Jack?" (1967). He ended up not making "Great Siege". After he made "The Last Siege" he said he would write another book "to see if I've still got it." (This would become "Shogun".)

title: Belhaven Neighborhood

text: Fortification Street, which runs East and West through Belhaven, is paved over what was once one of the last Confederate battle lines during the Siege of Jackson. Although most structures in Jackson were burned by Union soldiers employing a Scorched Earth Policy during and after the siege (under the direction of General Ulysses S. Grant), many of Belhaven's older structures remained untouched.

title: Siege of Fort Henry (1782)

text: The Siege of Fort Henry took place from September 11 to 13, 1782, during the American Revolutionary War. A force of about 300 Wyandot, Shawnee, Seneca, and Delaware Indians laid siege to Fort Henry, an American outpost at what is now Wheeling, West Virginia, accompanied by a force of 50 British Butler's Rangers. The siege is commonly known as "The Last Battle of the Revolutionary War", despite subsequent skirmishes involving the loss of life which took place in New Jersey later in 1782.

title: Muslim conquest of Persia

text: After entering Mesopotamia with his army of 18,000, Khalid won decisive victories in four consecutive battles: the Battle of Chains, fought in April 633; the Battle of River, fought in the third week of April 633 AD; the Battle of Walaja, fought in May 633 (where he successfully used a double envelopment manoeuvre), and the Battle of Ullais, fought in the mid of May, 633 AD. The Persian court, already disturbed by internal problems, was thrown into chaos. In the last week of May 633, the important city of Hira fell to the Muslims after their victory in the Siege of Hira. After resting his armies, in June 633 Khalid laid siege to the city of Al Anbar, which surrendered in July 633 after a siege lasting a few weeks. Khalid then moved towards the south, and conquered the city of Ein ul Tamr after the Battle of Ein ut Tamr in the last week of July. At this point, most of what is now Iraq was under Islamic control.

title: Siege of Tuyên Quang

text: On the morning of 3 March, to their amazement, the defenders awoke to find that the Chinese had abandoned the siege. Dominé sent out fighting patrols to scout the enemy trenches. The last French fatality of the siege was suffered during a skirmish with a small Chinese rearguard. Legionnaire Striebler saw a Chinese soldier sighting on Captain de Borelli and threw himself between the two men. Striebler was killed instantly by the bullet intended for his captain. The incident, unsurprisingly, haunted de Borelli for the rest of his life. Several years later he made what amends he could by publishing a moving poem to the fellowship of the French Foreign Legion, "A mes hommes qui sont morts".

title: Siege of Thessalonica (617)

text: The Siege of Thessalonica in 617 or 618 was an unsuccessful siege of the city of Thessalonica, the major Byzantine stronghold in the region, by the Avars and the Slavic tribes ("Sclaveni") who had settled in the city's vicinity. The attack was the last and best-organized attempt by the Avars to take the city. It lasted for 33 days and involved the use of siege engines, but in the end failed. The main source for these events are the "Miracles of Saint Demetrius", named after Thessalonica's patron saint, Saint Demetrius.

title: Gharb Al-Andalus

text: The Almoravid dynasty lasted from 1040 to 1147. During some of that time it ruled over what is now Southern Portugal. After a successful siege, Portugal gained control of Lisbon in 1147.

title: Third Expedition of Wadi al Qura

text: The operation was successful and the siege lasted 2 days before the Jews surrendered and accepted Muhammed's terms, similar to what the Jews had done in the Battle of Khaybar and in the Conquest of Fidak.

title: Siege of Little Butte des Morts

text: The Siege of Little Butte des Morts was a battle fought during the Fox Wars, in Wisconsin, and Michigan. The battle was fought at Little Lake Butte des Morts, in what is now Winnebago County, Wisconsin, in 1716. At the time, the Fox had a massive stronghold at Butte Des Mortes, with possibly thousands of inhabitants. New France, knowing that Butte Des Morts was an important stronghold during the Fox Wars, laid siege to the fort. The French brought two pieces of cannon and a grenade mortar. The siege lasted three days, much longer than the French had anticipated. Butte des Morts was attacked by New France again in 1730, led by Paul Marin de la Malgue.

title: Siege of Famagusta

text: The Siege of Famagusta happened in Venetian-controlled Famagusta, the last Christian possession in Cyprus. Famagusta fell to the Ottomans in August 1571 after a siege that lasted nearly a year.

title: Mitrailleuse d´Avion Browning - F.N. Calibre 13,2 mm

text: In Sweden the weapon became their main aircraft weapon of WW2, playing a similar role to what the M2 Browning did to the Americans during WW2 where basically all warplanes was armed with it as their main armament. The weapons were later rechambered to 12,7 mm since Sweden adopted the M2 Browning after WW2 when they bought surpluss P-51D's. Since the 12,7 mm ammunition were cheaper to buy than to produce new 13,2 mm ammunition all 13,2 mm weapons were rechambered during a longer time and after 1950 basically all weapons fired the new cartridge. Even though the 12,7 mm cartridge was considered a downgrade it didn't matter as Swedens main fighter force had been upgraded to Vampire fighter planes armed with 20 mm cannons.

title: Leslie Fuller

text: It is hard for us now to appreciate Leslie’s popularity and huge following; Pathe News filmed the girls christening and the studios dubbed Leslie as Elstree’s Clark Gable. Funny man though he was, he was certainly no Clark Gable! With the onset of WW2, few films were being made. Also Leslie’s style of comedy was beginning to look a bit dated. In 1945 Leslie made one last film called ‘What do we do now?’ in which he only had a minor role supporting another comedian George Moon.

title: Siege of Miki

text: The lasted from 1578 to 1580. Toyotomi Hideyoshi took Miki Castle of Harima Province, located in what is now Miki, Hyōgo, Japan, from Bessho Nagaharu, an ally of the Mōri clan.

title: Siege of Groenlo (1595)

text: The Siege of Grol or Groenlo in 1595 was a siege of Groenlo by States forces under Maurice of Nassau during the Eighty Years' War in an attempt to capture it from the Spanish Empire. It lasted from 14 to 24 July 1595, ending with the arrival of a Spanish relief force under Cristóbal de Mondragón and Maurice's retreat. Two years later, in 1597, Maurice returned to carry out another Siege of Groenlo. Both these sieges formed part of what would later be called the Ten Years.

title: Siege of Bayonne

text: The Siege of Bayonne was launched by Alfonso the Battler, King of Aragon and Navarre, apparently against the Duke of Aquitaine, William X, and lasted from October 1130 to October 1131. The city of Bayonne was then a part of Aquitaine, nominally a part of France. The chief narrative source for the siege of Bayonne is the "Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris", a contemporary account of events in Spain compiled to celebrate the feats of Alfonso VII of León and Castile. The siege began with knights, infantry, and siege engines and included the plundering of the environs of the city and assaults on its walls. The arrival of a relief army led to a famous joust and the prolongation of the siege. The siege was a failure, and was lifted after Alfonso had made his famous last will and testament.

title: Auxiliary Pilot Badge

text: Following the USAAF's separation in 1947 to become the U.S. Air Force, the Liaison Pilots embedded with the U.S. Army's Field Artillery battalions remained part of the Army, forming the nucleus of what would evolve into today's U.S. Army Aviation Branch. What was once the Liaison Pilot rating has long since evolved, further expanding into the Army Aviator qualification of today's Army. The modern Airborne Forward Air Controller (FAC) role has its roots in the role of the Liaison Pilots of the WW2 era, and continues to be employed on modern airframes in the U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force and U.S. Marine Corps alike. In addition, many foreign military air arms developed their own FAC capability in similar fashion during and after the WW2 era.

title: Indian campaign of Alexander the Great

text: In the aftermath of general slaughter and arson committed by Alexander at Massaga and Ora, numerous Assakenians fled to a high fortress called Aornos (not definitely identified but somewhere between Shangla, in Swat, and the Kohistan region, both in northern Pakistan). Alexander followed close behind their heels and besieged the strategic hill-fort. The Siege of Aornos was Alexander's last siege, "the climax to Alexander's career as the greatest besieger in history", according to Robin Lane Fox. The siege took place in April 326BC. It presented the last threat to Alexander's supply line, which stretched, dangerously vulnerable, over the Hindu Kush back to Balkh, though Arrian credits Alexander's heroic desire to outdo his kinsman Heracles, who allegedly had proved unable to take the place Pir-Sar, which the Greeks called Aornis. The site lies north of Attock in what is now the Punjab, Pakistan, on a strongly reinforced mountain spur above the narrow gorges in a bend of the upper Indus. Neighboring tribesmen who surrendered to Alexander offered to lead him to the best point of access.


query: Who is the actress for Caroline on Runaways?

title: Karolina Dean

text: Karolina Dean is portrayed by Virginia Gardner in the Hulu television series Runaways which is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. This version of the character is half human and half alien.

title: Caroline Bliss

text: Caroline Bliss (born 12 July 1961) is an English actress who trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School. She is best known for her appearance as M's secretary, Miss Moneypenny, in the James Bond films of the Timothy Dalton era.

title: Caroline Webster

text: Caroline Webster (born 1964) is an English former actress who is now a freelance film director and headshot photographer. During her acting career, she appeared as Jane Scott in BBC One's popular hospital drama "Casualty" for four series.

title: Michael Hinz

text: Hinz's first wife was the actress Ingrid van Bergen, with whom he had his first daughter Carolin van Bergen, who later also became an actress. In 1967, he met the actress Viktoria Brams. They were married from 1968 until Hinz's death in 2008.

title: Caroline Amiguet

text: Caroline Amiguet (also known as Sivertson) is an Actress and Lifestyle Blogger. In June 2015 she became a FXB International Ambassador. Caroline runs a lifestyle blog based on her journey as an artist called CaroLine Style. She was born in Paris, France and grew up in the French Riviera in Switzerland. At six months old, she began modeling for magazine covers such as Parents and took part in several contests including Elite Model Look (Elite-Glamour-Canal+) France, and Miss Suisse. In 2003, Caroline moved to Southern California to live her dreams and has since been featured in a number of award-winning short films including "Lucy", "Le Retour", Sign Of The Dragon and "Donut Shop Hero", and feature films such as "Daydream Hotel" and "". The film "Just Desserts" marks Caroline's first foray into producing. Caroline resides in San Diego and Hollywood. She was awarded Best Actress at the 2014 San Diego Film Awards.

title: Caroline Bauer

text: Caroline Bauer (29 March 1807 – 18 October 1877) was a German actress of the Biedermeier era who used the name Lina Bauer.

title: Caroline Rhea

text: Caroline Rhea (born April 13, 1964) is a Canadian stand-up comedian and actress who is best known for her role as Hilda Spellman on the ABC show "Sabrina the Teenage Witch".

title: Runaway Love (Ludacris song)

text: The music video for "Runaway Love" was directed by Jessy Terrero. Ludacris originally wanted Spike Lee to direct the video, but he was unavailable due to filming the motion picture "Miracle at St. Anna". It premiered on the Internet on November 29, 2006, on Yahoo! Music. A day later it was released on television, on BET's "106 & Park" as a "New Joint". The video, which is also divided in three situations, follows a storyline faithfully based on the song. Mary J. Blige is featured in all of the three situations as a pedestrian that passes by the runaway girls. Actors Michael Rapaport, Julito McCullum, Jon Seda, Kim Delaney, and actress Keke Palmer (who played Erica) also have cameos in the video. Featured in the background are orange posters for the National Runaway Switchboard, a crisis hotline serving runaway and homeless youth and their families. The hotline for the National Runaway Switchboard is also displayed on several of the "missing child" posters that are shown in the music video. This promotional effort highlights the partnership between The Ludacris Foundation and the National Runaway Switchboard to promote November as National Runaway Prevention Month and to increase awareness of issues related to runaway adolescents.

title: Runaway Jones

text: Runaway Jones is the second studio album from hip hop artist Miles Jones. The album was released via Jones's label Mojo Records & Publishing and distributed in Canada by URBNET/Fontana/Universal. The album will be released by MB3/Caroline in the US in April 2011.

title: Caroline Barry

text: Caroline Barry is an actress who lives in Los Angeles. Her debut feature film was 10 Days in a Madhouse. She played the starring role.

title: Carolin Stoltz

text: Anne Frida Carolin Stoltz (born 2 May 1981 in Borås) is a Swedish actress, who is best known for her role as Ukrainian immigrant Olena Petrovich in the British TV soap "Emmerdale". She has previously had minor TV roles in the British television series "Doctors" and the ITV Christmas special "Clash of the Santas", where she played a German terrorist determined to undermine a 'best Santa' competition. Stoltz trained to be an actress at the Drama Centre London. She appears as Polish hairdresser Ava Lipinski in the Sky1 comedy drama series The Cafe.

title: Caroline McGowan

text: Caroline McGowan (born February 25, 1991) is an American actress and beauty pageant titleholder from Corvallis, Oregon, who was crowned Miss Oregon 2011. She competed for the Miss America 2012 title but was not a Top 16 semi-finalist.

title: Caroline Bowman

text: Caroline Bowman (born May 10, 1988) is an American theatre actress who has performed in multiple Broadway musicals, including "Fame", "Grease", "Spamalot", "Evita", "Wicked", and "Kinky Boots".

title: Friederike Caroline Neuber

text: Friederike Caroline Neuber, née Friederike Caroline Weissenborn, also known as Friedericke Karoline Neuber, Frederika Neuber, Karoline Neuber, Carolina Neuber, Frau Neuber, and Die Neuberin, (9 March 1697 in Reichenbach im Vogtland – 30 November 1760 near Dresden), was a German actress and theatre director. She is considered one of the most famous actresses and actor-managers in the history of the German theatre, "influential in the development of modern German theatre." Neuber also worked to improve the social and artistic status of German actors and actresses, emphasizing naturalistic technique. During a time when theatrical managers in Germany were predominantly men, Caroline Neuber stands out in history as a remarkably ambitious woman who, during her 25-year career, was able to alter theatrical history, elevating the status of German theatre alongside of Germany's most important male theatrical leaders at the time, such as "her actor-manager husband Johann, the popular stage fool Johann Müller, the major actor of the next generation Johann Schönemann, the multi-talented newcomer Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, and principally, their de facto Dramaturg, Johann Gottsched."

title: Caroline Carver (actress)

text: Caroline Carver (born 1976) is an English actress, screenwriter, and producer best known for roles such as Princess Jessica in the TV film "The Magical Legend of the Leprechauns" (1999), Ingrid in "The Aryan Couple" (2004), and Sandy in "My First Wedding" (2006).

title: Caroline Chapman

text: Caroline Chapman (c. 1818, London – 8 May 1876, San Francisco) was an early-American actress (early-to-mid-19th century), who spent a large part of her adult life acting in the theatres of San Francisco.

title: Friederike Caroline Neuber

text: "Caroline Neuber", called "Die Neubrin" in many of its productions, is a biographical play written by Eberhard Keindorff and Gunther Weisenborn about Caroline Neuber's life. The play was created for actress Agnes Straub. "Caroline Neuber" premiered in the 1934/35 season in The Third Reich and was written as "the government consolidated its power and generated arts bureaucracies to oversee the publication, production, and response to plays." The play was permitted publication in 1934 and premiered in Berlin in 1935. "Caroline Neuber" is unusual for its era, in which German theatre was censored by the Nazis, for the content of the play "challenges some of the basic cultural prejudices of the Third Reich." By this point in history, Caroline Neuber was seen by theatre professionals as an important theatrical reformer of the 18th century. Because of this Keindorff and Weisenborn crafted a play about her life that served as a means for audiences to compare Neuber's reformation to the Nazi-directed theatrical reformation and thus, critique Nazi-theatre appropriately. When analyzed, "Caroline Neuber" is interpreted as "a condemnation of the Third Reich itself." However, for those who had the power to censor theatre, Neuber's biography play was seen simply as a play about a famous actor, manager, and reformer that "complimented National Socialist reforms of the stage." The Nazis were initiating reforms to create what they saw as "new, honest, noble, wonderful German theatre." Because of this to "the general audience "Die Neuberin" was star biography; for the preferred audience, the reform stage of the past collided with the reforming stage of the present." Caroline Neuber's legacy as not only an actress/manager but a reformer of the German stage served as a vehicle for Germans to learn from the past and critique the present.

title: Caroline Gillmer

text: Caroline Gillmer (born 1955) is an Australian actress, best known for her roles in various television series, such as "Prisoner" as Helen Smart and "Neighbours" as Cheryl Stark. During her time off sick from Neighbours, Caroline was temporarily replaced by her fellow ex Prisoner cast member Colette Mann who played Doreen Burns, and who currently plays Sheila Canning.

title: Caroline Crawford

text: Caroline Crawford (born c. 1949) is an American rhythm and blues and disco singer and actress, who recorded as Carolyn Crawford for Motown Records in the early 1960s, and for other labels later in her career.

title: Caroline Morris

text: Caroline Morris (born 1974) is a British actress who played the part of the companion Erimem in a range of audio dramas by Big Finish Productions based on the BBC television series "Doctor Who".

title: The Best of Everything (film)

text: Recent Radcliffe College graduate Caroline Bender is hired as a secretary at Fabian Publishing Company. She works for Amanda Farrow, a bitter, demanding, middle-aged editor who resents Caroline and suspects she wants her job. Caroline meets two other young women in the typing pool — April Morrison, a naive rube from Colorado, and Gregg Adams, a glamorous aspiring actress — and the three women become roommates.

title: Caroline Miskel Hoyt

text: Caroline Miskel Hoyt (born Caroline Miskel Scales, 1873–1898) was an American stage actress who became the second wife of playwright Charles H. Hoyt.

title: Caroline Medon

text: Caroline Medon, real name "Caroline Wilhelmine Richter", (3 January 1802 – 6. June 1882) was a German opera singer and stage actress who became known as a lover of Arthur Schopenhauer.

title: Runaway Bay, Jamaica

text: Notable people born in the town include Canadian actress Samantha Kaine, who appeared in the 2002 film "Confessions of a Dangerous Mind".

title: Jason Reitman

text: Reitman was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the son of Geneviève Robert, an actress sometimes billed as Geneviève Deloir, and comedy director Ivan Reitman. Reitman has two younger sisters: Catherine, an actress, producer and writer, who is three years younger, and Caroline, a nurse, who is 12 years younger.

title: Caroline O'Hara

text: Caroline O'Hara is an English actress who trained at The Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art.

title: Caroline Sheen

text: Caroline Sheen is a Welsh actress who has played lead roles on stage in the West End alongside TV and film appearances. She won a Helen Hayes award for playing the role of Mary Poppins on the National Tour of America.

title: Caroline Ducey

text: Caroline Ducey (born Caroline Trousselard, March 2, 1976 in Sainte-Adresse) is a French actress, who has appeared in 34 films since 1994.

title: Caroline Park (ice hockey)

text: Caroline Nancy Park (born November 18, 1989) is a hockey player who competed in the 2018 Olympic Games as a forward for the Unified Korean team. Park has also been a child actress on "Naturally, Sadie" and "".

title: Caroline Brady

text: McCay was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for the role in 1986, 1987, 2013 and 2015. Actor Peter Reckell, who has played Caroline's son Bo Brady on and off since 1983, named the scenes of Caroline's 2003 death as among his top five storylines. McCay's final appearance was on August 24, 2016. She died on October 7, 2018.

title: Runaway Nightmare

text: With a 48-hour turnaround and pre-production, "Runaway Nightmare" began filming with the same "Bitter Heritage" crew and location set. For casting, Cartel asked actors Al Valetta and Georgia Durante from "Bitter Heritage" to join the production while Cartel's wife, Mari filled most of the actress roles with model/actress acquaintances from her days as a jack Lalanne health spa manager and aerobics teacher.


query: Can you die from an ulcer?

title: Perforated ulcer

text: Richard Pankhurst (1834–1897) had a perforated ulcer and died in 1897. Thomas Preston (1860–1900) had a perforated ulcer and died in 1900.[5] Rudolph Valentino (1895–1926, aged 31) had a perforated ulcer and died on August 23, 1926. Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936, aged 70) died of perforated duodenal ulcer on 18 January 1936. James Joyce (1882–1941, aged 58) had a perforated ulcer and died on January 13, 1941, in Zürich. Charlie Parker (1920–1955, aged 34) had a perforated ulcer, and died on March 12, 1955. Albert Blithe (1923–1967, aged 44) had a perforated ulcer and died on December 17, 1967. Gene Vincent (1935–1971, aged 36) had a ruptured stomach ulcer and died on October 12, 1971. [6] J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973, aged 81) had a perforated ulcer and died on September 2, 1973. Count Dante (1939-1975, aged 36) died of internal hemorrhaging caused by a bleeding ulcer, on May 25, 1975. Ian Hendry (1931—1984, aged 53) died of a stomach haemorrhage in London, aged 53. Gene Clark (1944-1991, aged 46) had perforated ulcer and died on May 24, 1991. Doug Hepburn (1926–2000, aged 74) had a perforated ulcer and died on November 22, 2000. Philip Agee (1935–2008, aged 72) had a perforated ulcer and died on January 7, 2008. Barbara Bush (1925-2018) was treated for a perforated ulcer in November 2008.[7] Tara Palmer-Tomkinson (1971 – 2017, aged 45) had a perforated ulcer and died on February 8, 2017.[8]

title: Chronic wound pain

text: Venous leg ulcers are commonly associated with chronic wound pain. The pain prevalence rate for venous leg ulcers is 50-87%. The pain experienced with venous leg ulcers may be constant, or intermittent varying in intensity. Venous leg ulcers may cause nociceptive and neuropathic pain, and ultimately be expressed as persistent background pain. Venous leg ulceration is due to poor venous return and venous hypertension as resulting from venous reflux or obstruction.1 Consequences of venous leg ulcers are infection, cellulitis, and infection. Venous leg ulcers can affect mobility and ultimately quality of life.

title: Corneal ulcer

text: Many micro-organisms cause infective corneal ulcer. Among them are bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and chlamydia:Superficial ulcers involve a loss of part of the epithelium. Deep ulcers extend into or through the stroma and can result in severe scarring and corneal perforation. Descemetoceles occur when the ulcer extends through the stroma. This type of ulcer is especially dangerous and can rapidly result in corneal perforation, if not treated in time.

title: Hunner's ulcer

text: The ulcers can be removed through fulguration (burned off with the use of electricity or a laser) or resection (cutting around the ulcer, removing both the ulcer and the surrounding inflamed tissue). Some ulcers may recur in the same location.

title: Dream Craft

text: When fighting a monster or another player, you can either use a standard attack, a skill, or an item. If you use a standard attack, you must randomly select a DC Die from the dice bag. After retrieving the die, the opposing player must roll a die of the same kind. Rolling the die determines the attack strength of both characters. The lowest roll wins and the winning character inflicts the amount of damage as the die reads. If the attacking player loses, the attack has no effect whatsoever. If a skill is used, an absolute damage is inflicted to the opponent, no matter the outcome of a dice roll. Skills, however, take up action points (AP). Items can also be used in combat. If you are fighting a nightmare, a nightmare will deal absolute damage automatically. A restorative item, such as a potion, can be used to restore health points (HP). An offensive item, such as a grenade, can be used to deal an absolute damage to the opponent.

title: Pressure ulcer

text:
Pressure ulcers, also known as pressure sores, decubitus ulcers, and bedsores, and now referred to as pressure injuries are localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue that usually occur over a bony prominence as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear and/or friction. The most common sites are the skin overlying the sacrum, coccyx, heels or the hips, but other sites such as the elbows, knees, ankles, back of shoulders, or the back of the cranium can be affected.
Pressure ulcers occur due to pressure applied to soft tissue resulting in completely or partially obstructed blood flow to the soft tissue. Shear is also a cause, as it can pull on blood vessels that feed the skin. Pressure ulcers most commonly develop in individuals who are not moving about, such as those being bedridden or confined to a wheelchair. It is widely believed that other factors can influence the tolerance of skin for pressure and shear, thereby increasing the risk of pressure ulcer development. These factors are protein-calorie malnutrition, microclimate (skin wetness caused by sweating or incontinence), diseases that reduce blood flow to the skin, such as arteriosclerosis, or diseases that reduce the sensation in the skin, such as paralysis or neuropathy. The healing of pressure ulcers may be slowed by the age of the person, medical conditions (such as arteriosclerosis, diabetes or infection), smoking or medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs.
Although often prevented and treatable if detected early, pressure ulcers can be very difficult to prevent in critically ill people, frail elders and individuals with impaired mobility such as wheelchair users (especially where spinal injury is involved). Primary prevention is to redistribute pressure by regularly turning the person. The benefit of turning to avoid further sores is well documented since at least the 19th century. In addition to turning and re-positioning the person in the bed or wheelchair, eating a balanced diet with adequate protein and keeping the skin free from exposure to urine and stool is very important.
The rate of pressure ulcers in hospital settings is high; the prevalence in European hospitals ranges from 8.3% to 23%, and the prevalence is 26% in Canadian healthcare settings. In 2013, there were 29,000 documented deaths from pressure ulcers globally, up from 14,000 deaths in 1990.

title: Corneal ulcer

text: The location of the ulcer depends somewhat on the cause. Central ulcers are typically caused by trauma, dry eye, or exposure from facial nerve paralysis or exophthalmos. Entropion, severe dry eye and trichiasis (inturning of eyelashes) may cause ulceration of the peripheral cornea. Immune-mediated eye disease can cause ulcers at the border of the cornea and sclera. These include Rheumatoid arthritis, rosacea, systemic sclerosis which lead to a special type of corneal ulcer called Mooren's ulcer. It has a circumferential crater like depression of the cornea, just inside the limbus, usually with an overhanging edge.

title: Art of Murder: Cards of Destiny

text: The gameplay of "Art of Murder 3", just like its predecessor, is linear, its in 3-D and have a third-person perspective. The player moves the character by clicking on locations shown in the main display; the scene will only crossfade when a character is finished with all the actions on the screen. Players can interact with specific objects on screens by clicking or dragging them, and NPCs. The player can use an in-game hint system, which is located on the bottom left corner of a screen (in a shape of question mark). The items are carried by the player, and can be combined with other items, when its possible. Unlike the previous version of the game, you can rotate an object inside your inventory. The items return to their original position when dropped. The game have interactive cutcenes which will show up after a player will be done with the location, and before moving to a next one. To complete the game, the player must explore real life locations, such as; Bronx, and Manhattan. The game is non-violent, however, you can die in it. Before you die, the game saves your progress automatically, which means that if you die, you can start from your last save. Some game stages have a time limit as well, which, if you won't complete, is punishable by the death of your character.

title: Peptic ulcer disease

text: Burning or gnawing feeling in the stomach area lasting between 30 minutes and 3 hours commonly accompanies ulcers. This pain can be misinterpreted as hunger, indigestion or heartburn. Pain is usually caused by the ulcer but it may be aggravated by the stomach acid when it comes into contact with the ulcerated area. The pain caused by peptic ulcers can be felt anywhere from the navel up to the sternum, it may last from few minutes to several hours and it may be worse when the stomach is empty. Also, sometimes the pain may flare at night and it can commonly be temporarily relieved by eating foods that buffer stomach acid or by taking anti-acid medication. However, peptic ulcer disease symptoms may be different for every sufferer."Helicobacter pylori" is one of the major causative factors of peptic ulcer disease. It secretes urease to create an alkaline environment which is suitable for its survival. It expresses blood group antigen adhesin (BabA) and outer inflammatory protein adhesin (OipA) which enables it to attach to the gastric epithelium. The bacterium also expresses virulence factors such as "CagA" and "PicB" which cause stomach mucosal inflammation. The VacA gene encodes for vacuolating cytotoxin, but its mechanism of causing peptic ulcers is unclear. Such stomach mucosal inflammation can be associated with hyperchlorhydria (increased stomach acid secretion) or hypochlorhydria (reduced stomach acid secretion). Inflammatory cytokines inhibit the parietal cell acid secretion. "H. pylori" also secretes certain products that inhibit hydrogen potassium ATPase, activate calcitonin gene-related peptide sensory neurons which increases somatostatin secretion to inhibit acid production by parietal cells, and inhibit gastrin secretion. This reduction in acid production causes gastric ulcers. On the other hand, increased acid production at the pyloric antrum is associated with duodenal ulcers in 10 to 15% of the "H. pylori" infection cases. In this case, somatostatin production is reduced and gastrin production is increased, leading to increased histamine secretion from the enterochromaffin cells, thus increasing acid production. An acidic environment at the antrum causes metaplasia of the duodenal cells, causing duodenal ulcers.

title: Venous ulcer

text: A venous ulcer tends to occur on the medial side of the leg, typically around the medial malleolus in the 'gaiter area' whereas arterial ulcer tends to occur on lateral side of the leg and over bony prominences. A venous ulcer is typically shallow with irregular sloping edges whereas an arterial ulcer can be deep and has a 'punched out' appearance. Venous ulcers are typically 'wet' with a moderate to heavy exudate, whereas arterial ulcers are typically 'dry' and scabbed. The skin surrounding a venous ulcer may be edematous (swollen) and there may be evidence of varicose veins; the skin surrounding an arterial ulcer may be pale, cold, shiny and hairless. Both venous and arterial ulcers may be painful, however arterial ulcers tend to be more painful, especially with elevation of the leg, for example when in bed.

title: Infantile hemangioma

text:
Superficial IHs are situated higher in the skin and have a bright red, erythematous to reddish-purple appearance. Superficial lesions can be flat and telangiectatic, composed of a macule or patch of small, varied branching, capillary blood vessels. They can also be raised and elevated from the skin, forming papules and confluent bright-red plaques like raised islands. Infantile hemangiomas have historically been referred to “strawberry hemangiomas” in the past, as raised superficial hemangiomas can look like the side of a strawberry without seeds.
Superficial IHs in certain locations, such as the posterior scalp, neck folds, and groin/perianal areas, are at potential risk of ulceration. Ulcerated hemangiomas can present as black crusted papules or plaques, or painful erosions or ulcers. Ulcerations are prone to secondary bacterial infections, which can present with yellow crusting, drainage, pain, or odor. Ulcerations are also at risk for bleeding, particularly deep lesions or in areas of friction. Multiple superficial hemangiomas, more than five, can be associated with extracutaneous hemangiomas, the most common being a liver (hepatic) hemangioma, and these infants warrant ultrasound examination.

title: Pressure ulcer

text: Pressure ulcers may be caused by inadequate blood supply and resulting reperfusion injury when blood re-enters tissue. A simple example of a mild pressure sore may be experienced by healthy individuals while sitting in the same position for extended periods of time: the dull ache experienced is indicative of impeded blood flow to affected areas. Within 2 hours, this shortage of blood supply, called ischemia, may lead to tissue damage and cell death. The sore will initially start as a red, painful area. The other process of pressure ulcer development is seen when pressure is high enough to damage the cell membrane of muscle cells. The muscle cells die as a result and skin fed through blood vessels coming through the muscle die. This is the deep tissue injury form of pressure ulcers and begins as purple intact skin.

title: Corneal ulcers in animals

text: The location of the ulcer depends somewhat on the cause. Central ulcers are typically caused by trauma, dry eye, or exposure from facial nerve paralysis or exophthalmos. Ulcers in the inferior nasal cornea may be caused by foreign material trapped under the third eyelid. Entropion or distichiae may cause ulceration of the peripheral cornea. Immune-mediated eye disease can cause ulcers at the border of the cornea and sclera.

title: Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell

text:
In his final letter to the Scouts, Baden-Powell wrote:
I have had a most happy life and I want each one of you to have a happy life too. I believe that God put us in this jolly world to be happy and enjoy life. Happiness does not come from being rich, nor merely being successful in your career, nor by self-indulgence. One step towards happiness is to make yourself healthy and strong while you are a boy, so that you can be useful and so you can enjoy life when you are a man. Nature study will show you how full of beautiful and wonderful things God has made the world for you to enjoy. Be contented with what you have got and make the best of it. Look on the bright side of things instead of the gloomy one. But the real way to get happiness is by giving out happiness to other people. Try and leave this world a little better than you found it and when your turn comes to die, you can die happy in feeling that at any rate you have not wasted your time but have done your best. "Be prepared" in this way, to live happy and to die happy – stick to your Scout Promise always – even after you have ceased to be a boy – and God help you to do it.

title: Mouth ulcer

text:
Erosions, which involve the epithelial layer, are red in appearance since the underlying lamina propria shows through. When the full thickness of the epithelium is penetrated (ulceration), the lesion becomes covered with a fibrinous exudate and takes on a yellow-grey color. Because an ulcer is a breach of the normal lining, when seen in cross section, the lesion is a crater. A "halo" may be present, which is a reddening of the surrounding mucosa and is caused by inflammation. There may also be edema (swelling) around the ulcer. Chronic trauma may produce an ulcer with a keratotic (white, thickened mucosa) margin. Malignant lesions may ulcerate either because the tumor infiltrates the mucosa from adjacent tissues, or because the lesion originates within the mucosa itself, and the disorganized growth leads to a break in the normal architecture of the lining tissues. Repeat episodes of mouth ulcers can be indicative of an immunodeficiency, signaling low levels of immunoglobulin in the oral mucous membranes. Chemotherapy, HIV, and mononucleosis are all causes of immunodeficiency/immunosuppression with which oral ulcers may become a common manifestation. Autoimmunity is also a cause of oral ulceration. Mucous membrane pemphigoid, an autoimmune reaction to the epithelial basement membrane, causes desquamation/ulceration of the oral mucosa.
Numerous aphthous ulcers could be indicative of an inflammatory autoimmune disease called Behçet's disease. This can later involve skin lesions and uveitis in the eyes. Vitamin C deficiency may lead to scurvy which impairs wound healing, which can contribute to ulcer formation. For a detailed discussion of the pathophysiology of aphthous stomatitis, see Aphthous stomatitis#Causes.

title: Ulcer (dermatology)

text: Skin ulcers appear as open craters, often round, with layers of skin that have eroded. The skin around the ulcer may be red, swollen, and tender. Patients may feel pain on the skin around the ulcer, and fluid may ooze from the ulcer. In some cases, ulcers can bleed and, rarely, patients experience fever. Ulcers sometimes seem not to heal; healing, if it does occur, tends to be slow. Ulcers that heal within 12 weeks are usually classified as acute, and longer-lasting ones as chronic.

title: Ulcer (dermatology)

text: Ulcers may also appear on the cheeks, soft palate, the tongue, and on the inside of the lower lip. These ulcers usually last from 7 to 14 days and can be painful.

title: Equine gastric ulcer syndrome

text: Both the esophagus and duodenum are also at risk for ulceration. Esophageal ulceration is partially prevented by the tone of the cardia sphincter to prevent reflux, as well as by saliva, which both washes the esophagus and contains mucins that can help protect its surface. The duodenum is protected by its motility which removes HCl, glands in its surface that produce mucins, and products from the pancreas, including bicarbonate, to help neutralize the acidity. Most duodenal ulcers occur in foals, and there appears to be an association between duodenal ulcers and enteritis in these animals. Duodenal ulcers may result in inflammation of the duodenum so profound it blocks gastric emptying, which can cause severe gastric ulcers and occasionally esophageal ulcers. Often this must be treated with a gastrojejunostomy, which is a risky procedure.Horses used for competitive activities, such as showing or racing are at greatest risk of gastric ulceration, with up to 60% of show horses, 60–70% of endurance horses, 75% of event horses, and 80-90% of race horses having ulcers. These horses have stressful lives compared to non-competitive animals, which includes travel, frequent change of environment, and high workload. Additionally, their diet often consists of a higher proportion of grain relative to roughage, to account for their increased caloric requirements.

title: D6 System

text: One of the dice rolled for each skill or attribute check or for damage is considered to be the "wild die", and is treated somewhat differently from the other dice. This mechanism was added in 2nd Edition. If an initial "six" is rolled on the wild die, then the die "explodes", meaning you add the six to the total plus re-roll the wild die, adding the result to the total. You get to keep rolling as long as you get sixes. If an initial "one" is rolled on the wild die, you disregard both it and the highest regular die from the total, often making you fail. Then you re-roll the wild die. If it comes up another one, a critical failure or complication occurs, usually with bad results for the character. Use of the wild die tends to make the game feel more cinematic.

title: Herpes esophagitis

text: Upper Endoscopy often reveals ulcers throughout the esophagus with intervening normal-appearing mucosa. In severe cases the ulcers can coalesce and on rare occasions have a black appearance known as black esophagus. While the diagnosis of herpes esophagitis can be inferred clinically it can only be accurately diagnosed through endoscopically obtained biopsies with microscopic evaluation by a pathologist finding the appropriate inclusion bodies and diagnostic immunochemical staining. False negative findings may occur if biopsies are taken from the ulcer rather than from the margin of the ulcer as the inclusion particles are to be found in viable epithelial cells. Viral tissue culture represents the most accurate means of diagnosing the precise cause.

title: Pancolitis

text: Pancolitis, in its most general sense, refers to inflammation of the entire colon. This can be caused by a variety of things. Pancolitis or universal colitis is frequently used in a more specific fashion to denote a very severe form of ulcerative colitis. This form of ulcerative colitis is spread throughout the entire large intestine including the right colon, the left colon, the transverse colon, descending colon, and the rectum. A diagnosis can be made using a number of techniques but the most accurate method is direct visualization via a colonoscopy. Symptoms are similar to those of ulcerative colitis but more severe and affect the entire large intestine. Patients with ulcerative colitis generally exhibit symptoms including rectal bleeding as a result of ulcers, pain in the abdominal region, inflammation in varying degrees, and diarrhea (often containing blood). Pancolitis patients exhibit these symptoms and may also experience fatigue, fever, and night sweats. Due to the loss of function in the large intestine patients may lose large amounts of weight from being unable to procure nutrients from food. In other cases the blood loss from ulcers can result in anemia which can be treated with iron supplements. Additionally, due to the chronic nature of most cases of pancolitis, patients have a higher chance of developing colon cancer.

title: Ulcer (dermatology)

text: An ulcer is a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue. Ulcers can result in complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat. Ulcers are most common on the skin of the lower extremities and in the gastrointestinal tract. An ulcer that appears on the skin is often visible as an inflamed tissue with an area of reddened skin. A skin ulcer is often visible in the event of exposure to heat or cold, irritation, or a problem with blood circulation. They can also be caused due to a lack of mobility, which causes prolonged pressure on the tissues. This stress in the blood circulation is transformed to a skin ulcer, commonly known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers. Ulcers often become infected, and pus forms.

title: Equine gastric ulcer syndrome

text: Foals start secreting hydrochloric acid at two days of age. Nursing has been shown to increase pH, while gastric pH decreases in foals that are recumbent and not sucking regularly. Up to 50% of all foals and 90% of foals in the ICU have ulcers. This may be due to decreased feedings and recumbency. Ulcers in foals are often "silent", producing no clinical signs, and usually occur in the squamous portion of the stomach in animals four months old and younger. Glandular ulcers in foals are thought to be caused by stress, and are often seen in foals four months old and younger that are also sick or debilitated. Clinical ulcers in foals primarily occur in animals < 270 days old, and are usually found on the squamous epithelium of the stomach. Pyloric or duodenal ulcers are rare, and most often seen in animals three to five months of age. Ulcers in these regions are usually asymptomatic, but can cause stricture, leading to gastric outflow obstruction. Perforation secondary to ulcers, although rare, can occur both in the stomach and the duodenum, producing peritonitis. Rupture can not be predicted by ulcer severity as seen on endoscopic examination, and clinical signs are often not present until just prior to the event.

title: Corneal ulcer

text:
Refractory corneal ulcers are superficial ulcers that heal poorly and tend to recur. They are also known as indolent ulcers or Boxer ulcers. They are believed to be caused by a defect in the basement membrane and a lack of hemidesmosomal attachments. They are recognized by undermined epithelium that surrounds the ulcer and easily peels back. Refractory corneal ulcers are most commonly seen in diabetics and often occur in the other eye later. They are similar to Cogan's cystic dystrophy.
Melting ulcers are a type of corneal ulcer involving progressive loss of stroma in a dissolving fashion. This is most commonly seen in "Pseudomonas" infection, but it can be caused by other types of bacteria or fungi. These infectious agents produce proteases and collagenases which break down the corneal stroma. Complete loss of the stroma can occur within 24 hours. Treatment includes antibiotics and collagenase inhibitors such as acetylcysteine. Surgery in the form of corneal transplantation (penetrating keratoplasty) is usually necessary to save the eye.

title: Robert Abbott (game designer)

text: Abbott is the inventor of a style of maze called logic mazes. A logic maze has a set of rules, ranging from the basic (such as "you cannot make left turns") to the extremely complicated. These mazes are also called "Multi-State mazes". The reason for this name is that sometimes you can return to a position you were in before, but be traveling in a different direction. That change in direction can put you in a different state and open up different choices for you. One example, from the book "SuperMazes", would be a rolling-die maze. Where you can move from a particular square depends on what number is facing up on the die. If you return to that same square, the die may be in a different state, with a different number on top. Thus, you would have different options than the first time.

title: Ulcer (dermatology)

text: The wounds from which ulcers arise can be caused by a wide variety of factors, but the main cause is impaired blood circulation. Especially, chronic wounds and ulcers are caused by poor circulation, either through cardiovascular issues or external pressure from a bed or a wheelchair. A very common and dangerous type of skin ulcers are caused by what are called pressure-sensitive sores, more commonly called bed sores and which are frequent in people who are bedridden or who use wheelchairs for long periods. Other causes producing skin ulcers include bacterial or viral infections, fungal infections and cancers. Blood disorders and chronic wounds can result in skin ulcers as well. Venous leg ulcers due to impaired circulation or a blood flow disorder are more common in the elderly.

title: Corneal ulcers in animals

text: Superficial ulcers involve a loss of part of the epithelium. Deep ulcers extend into or through the stroma and can result in severe scarring and corneal perforation. Descemetoceles occur when the ulcer extends through the stroma, exposing Descemet's membrane. This type of ulcer is especially dangerous and can result in perforation.

title: Periyar E. V. Ramasamy

text: "With all his good qualities, Gandhi did not bring the people forward from foolish and evil ways. His murderer was an educated man. Therefore nobody can say this is a time of high culture. If you eat poison, you will die. If electricity hits the body, you will die. If you oppose the Brahmin, you will die. Gandhi did not advocate the eradication of Varnasrama "Dharma" structure, but sees in it a task for the humanisation of society and social change possible within its structure. The consequence of this would be continued high-caste leadership. Gandhi adapted Brahmins to social change without depriving them of their leadership".

title: Pressure ulcer

text:
Pressure ulcers can trigger other ailments, cause considerable suffering, and can be expensive to treat. Some complications include autonomic dysreflexia, bladder distension, bone infection, pyarthroses, sepsis, amyloidosis, anemia, urethral fistula, gangrene and very rarely malignant transformation (Marjolin's ulcer - secondary carcinomas in chronic wounds). Sores may recur if those with pressure ulcers do not follow recommended treatment or may instead develop seromas, hematomas, infections, or wound dehiscence. Paralyzed individuals are the most likely to have pressure sores recur. In some cases, complications from pressure sores can be life-threatening. The most common causes of fatality stem from kidney failure and amyloidosis.
Pressure ulcers are also painful, with individuals of all ages and all stages of pressure ulcers reporting pain.

title: Peptic ulcer disease

text: An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), a form of endoscopy, also known as a gastroscopy, is carried out on people in whom a peptic ulcer is suspected. It is also the gold standard of diagnosis for peptic ulcer disease. By direct visual identification, the location and severity of an ulcer can be described. Moreover, if no ulcer is present, EGD can often provide an alternative diagnosis.

title: Laboratory Syrian hamster

text: Syrian hamsters are used to study how NSAIDs can cause reactive gastropathy. One way to study is to inject hamsters with indometacin, which causes an ulcer within 1–5 hours depending on the dose. If repeatedly given doses, hamsters get severe lesions and die within 5 days from peptic ulcers in their pyloric antrum. A model for creating a chronically ill hamster which will not die from the ulcers is to give naproxen by gavage. When the hamster is chronically ill, it can be used to test anti-ulcer drugs.