query: How many episodes has Chandralekha aired?

title: Chandralekha (TV series)

text: Chandralekha (Tamil: சந்திரலேகா) is a 2014 Indian-Tamil language soap opera that airs on Sun TV from Monday to Saturday at 14:00 IST. The show premiered on 6 October 2014 and completed its 1200th episode on 28 September 2018. The show stars Shwetha Bandekar, Nagashree GS, Arun Kumar Rajan and Jai Dhanush.[1][2]

title: Supernatural (season 8)

text: In this table, the number in the first column refers to the episode's number within the entire series, whereas the number in the second column indicates the episode's number within this particular season. "U.S. viewers in millions" refers to how many Americans watched the episode live or on the day of broadcast.It was announced on April 4, 2012, that showrunner Sera Gamble was leaving the show to work on developing other projects. Jeremy Carver, a longtime writer on the series, took over as showrunner for the eighth season. On May 3, 2012 The CW officially renewed "Supernatural" for an eighth season. It aired on Wednesdays at 9:00 pm on the CW. Series star Jensen Ackles directed the first episode to be produced for this season but the third to air. "Trial and Error" was the thirteenth episode to be produced this season but the fourteenth to air.

title: Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

text: Regarding if they would break the fifth season into pods again as with season four, Bell said, "A 22-episode arc is a lot for people to hold onto. By breaking it up into either smaller arcs or different pods, by introducing a set of antagonists and putting them down, or moving from space to space, our experience has been that it's something the viewers enjoy, and it makes it a little easier to digest when you're telling some of these stories." Whedon also noted it would depend on how the season would be "broken up in terms of airing. If everything is running back-to-back, it feels weird to start calling it different things... We will try to have it in bite-sized chunks." The season began airing its episodes on December 1, 2017, once "Inhumans" has aired its eight episodes, with the intent for all 22 episodes to air mostly uninterrupted; a short hiatus was taken for the airing of the 2018 Winter Olympics. The season ultimately was formed by two pod story arcs. The sixth season will feature 13 episodes.

title: Nana Okada

text: In November, a three-episode series in the variety show "AKBingo!", billed "How Serious is Nana Okada?", was aired, exploring her serious persona. While many episodes before and since then have focused on a single member, this was the first time three consecutive episodes were dedicated for that purpose.

title: Chandralekha

text: Chandralekha may refer to:

title: Chandralekha (1995 film)

text: Chandralekha (Vanitha Vijayakumar), an orthodox Brahmin girl, falls in love with, Rahim (Vijay), a Muslim boy. Whereas, Salima (Sindhu) loves Rahim since her childhood. Mustafa (Ponnambalam), Rahim's brother, and Jamal (Karan), Salima's brother, agreed to engage Salima and Rahim without Rahim's permission. Their families discover the love between Rahim and Chandralekha and don't accept it. Meanwhile, the lovers try to run away from everybody, but are caught by militants in the forest. They are rescued from the militants by the police and brought safely to the village. Jamal, upset that her sister has gone mad, kills Chandralekha and Rahim at the railway station. Then, the police kill Jamal. The message of the movie is that love should be beyond religion, caste and creed.The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja.

title: How TV Ruined Your Life

text: How TV Ruined Your Life is a six-episode BBC Two television series written and presented by Charlie Brooker. Charlie Brooker, whose earlier TV-related programmes include "How to Watch Television", "Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe" and "You Have Been Watching", examines how the medium has bent reality to fit its own ends. Produced by Zeppotron, the series aired its first episode in January 2011.

title: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series, season 4)

text: During this season, the Technodrome is back in Dimension X, having been launched from Earth through a portal at the conclusion of season 3 . The season premiere, "Plan 6 from Outer Space", aired in syndication, and detailed how the villains' battle fortress crash-landed on an asteroid; in the later episode, "The Dimension X Story" a volcano on the asteroid erupted, immobilizing the Technodrome by surrounding it with molten lava. "The Dimension X Story" was evidently intended to be the first episode of the CBS run, as many other episodes which aired before it from both the syndication and CBS episodes refer to the Technodrome being trapped in lava, but wound up airing very late in the season.

title: Chandralekha (1948 film)

text: Sasankan orders Chandralekha to dance for him (which she does only after being flogged), but she soon escapes. He later ambushes Veerasimhan and takes him prisoner. Chandralekha watches Sasankan's men imprison Veerasimhan in a cave and seal its entrance with a boulder. She rescues him with the aid of elephants from a passing circus troupe. Veerasimhan and Chandralekha join the circus to hide from Sasankan's men. When Sasankan returns to the palace he imprisons his parents, declares himself king and sends a spy to find Chandralekha.

title: Shwetha Bandekar

text: Shwetha began her career as actress in the Tamil film Alwar as Ajith kumar's sister. From 2007 to 2012, She acted as female lead in over 5 films. She began acting in the teleserial "Chandralekha" as Chandra which has been airing over 1000 episodes on Sun Television.

title: Livewire (Supergirl)

text: Due to the November 2015 Paris attacks, the episode "How Does She Do It?", originally scheduled to air on November 16, 2015 as the fourth episode of the season, was pulled from air, due to content in the episode that was similar to the events. "How Does She Do It?" was later scheduled to air as the fifth episode on November 23, 2015.

title: Life with Derek

text:
After George and Nora's marriage, the McDonald's moved in with the Venturis in London, Ontario. Casey was originally upset about having to move to London, Ontario from Toronto, a much bigger city (as shown in the episode "How I Met Your Stepbrother"), for many reasons including Derek, but she eventually got over her own problems and agreed to move there for Nora and George's sake once she saw how much they cared for each other.
The first season was filmed on Sound Stages at Atlantic Studios Cooperative Sound Stage in Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador. Seasons two through four were filmed in Toronto, Ontario."Life with Derek" and another Canadian sitcom, "Naturally, Sadie", were both added to Disney Channel in the United States in 2005. In June 2007, "Naturally, Sadie" was pulled from the channel, but "Life with Derek" was left on. Though many episodes were originally broadcast on Family in Canada, Disney often advertised the episodes as being new episodes (though they were only first-run broadcasts in the United States). "Life with Derek" has not aired on the Disney Channel since January 2, 2010, but reruns continued to air on Family, Family CHRGD until September 2016, and VRAK.TV in Canada.

title: Baseball (TV series)

text: Starting in 2009 the series also can be found on MLB Network Sunday nights at 8 PM ET/5 PM PT. These airings include commercial breaks which stretch the run time of each episode from around 1 hour to 2 or even 3 depending on how many breaks MLB Network adds to the episode. As the series was intended to air commercial-free on public television the breaks are often quite abrupt. The first episode to air on the network also had utterances of the word "nigger" (as read from first person accounts or quotes from the time) bleeped out, despite the offensive language of the episode being heard uncensored on over-the-air PBS stations for years. Later episodes dropped this censoring but added a disclaimer at the beginning of the program warning that it contained offensive language.

title: Chandralekha (1948 film)

text: "Chandralekha" was K. Ramnoth's last film for Gemini Studios. Although he is often credited with shooting the drum-dance sequence, Ramnoth left the studio in August 1947 (before the scene was conceived). Director Singeetham Srinivasa Rao told film critic Baradwaj Rangan that he disliked "Chandralekha" when he first saw it and recognised it as a classic only after 25 years, "a fact that the audiences realised in just two minutes." Film producer and writer G. Dhananjayan told "The Times of India", "When you talk of black-and-white films, you cannot resist mentioning the 1948 epic "Chandralekha" ... That film's grandeur, be it in the sets, costumes, songs, dances and the fight sequences, still remains a benchmark even this day of colour and 3D films." In April 2012, Rediff included the film on its "A to Z of Tamil Cinema" list and said that "Chandralekha" "boasted an ensemble cast, great production values and a story that ensured it became a blockbuster all over India, the first of its kind."

title: Kahani Raima Aur Manahil Ki

text: The show didn't hocked up that much fans from the start of it there were many reasons why it couldn't do so, but after episode 7 there series got so much response that it was among the most watched TV Series. In the mont of Ramadan(2014) the show was stopped because of airing of other shows, it was decided that it will air its episode 19th after the month of Ramadan, in Ramadan many people watched the show on internet, it gained so many views and fans in Ramadan, when Ramadan ended the show instead of airing its 19th Episode showed the entire summary of previous episodes for two invective days at 9:10pm. When the series aired its 19th episode it was found that the show had gained so many fans on its 19th episode that it was among the high charts. After episode 19th the 20th episode was its final episode, it was also found that the last episode has also gained quite number of viewers than imagined.

title: Chandralekha (1948 film)

text: "Chandralekha" was released on 9 April 1948 simultaneously in over 40 theatres throughout South India. A typical 1940s Tamil film was released in about 10 towns, but "Chandralekha" was released simultaneously in 120 towns.

title: Chandralekha (1948 film)

text: The spy sees Chandralekha performing in the circus, and tries to capture her. Veerasimhan saves her; they escape and join a group of gypsies. When Veerasimhan goes to find help, Sasankan's men capture Chandralekha and bring her to the palace. When Sasankan tries to woo Chandralekha, she pretends to faint every time he approaches her. One of her circus friends comes to Sasankan disguised as a gypsy healer and claims that she can cure Chandralekha of her "illness". Behind locked doors, the two women talk. Sasankan is pleased to find Chandralekha miraculously cured and apparently ready to accept him as her husband; in return, he agrees to her request for a drum dance at the royal wedding.

title: How to Get Away with Murder (season 3)

text: The season began airing on September 22, 2016 and aired nine episodes in the fall, just like the rest of ABC's primetime Thursday-lineup, "Grey's Anatomy" and "Notorious". The remaining fall schedule for ABC was announced on October 22, 2016: "How to Get Away with Murder" would air nine episodes in the fall with the fall finale to air on November 17, 2016, just like the rest of ABC's primetime lineup, which was the same last year. The remaining six episodes would air after the winter break, on January 26, 2017.

title: Chandralekha (1948 film)

text: Although exact figures for the film's box-office earnings are not available, film-trade websites provide estimates. Box Office India cited the Hindi version's nett earnings as 7 million, and said that it was the second-highest-grossing Bollywood film of 1948 (after "Shaheed"). As of February 2009, the website gave "Chandralekha" adjusted nett gross as 37,98,00,000. According to the 1998 book "Indian cinema: A Visual Voyage", by India's Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, "Chandralekha" grossed . Film historian B. D. Garga said in his 2005 book, "Art Of Cinema", "The two versionsTamil and Hindigrossed millions." Sharmishtha Gooptu states in her 2010 book, "Bengali Cinema: An Other Nation", that "Chandralekha" grossed 10 million (about $2,100,000 in 1948) in India. A 2011 article by Namrata Joshi in "Outlook India" says, ""Chandralekha" grossed 1.55 crore (10.55 million) with an audience of three crore (30 million), 60 percent from rural India."

title: Chandralekha (1948 film)

text: Veerasimhan (M. K. Radha) and Sasankan (Ranjan) are the sons of a king. When Veerasimhan rides through a village, he meets a local dancer named Chandralekha (T. R. Rajakumari) and they fall in love. At the palace, the king decides to abdicate his throne in favour of Veerasimhan. This enrages Sasankan, Veerasimhan's younger brother, who forms a gang of thieves; they embark on a crime spree. Chandralekha's father is injured in the ensuing chaos, and dies shortly afterwards. The orphaned Chandralekha joins a band of travelling musicians, whose caravan is raided by Sasankan's gang.

title: Chandralekha (1948 film)

text: Huge drums are arranged in rows in front of the palace. Chandralekha joins the dancers, who dance on the drums. Sasankan is impressed with Chandralekha's performance but, unknown to him, Veerasimhan's soldiers are hiding inside the drums. As the dance ends, they rush out and attack Sasankan's men. Veerasimhan confronts Sasankan, and their lengthy sword fight ends with Sasankan's defeat and imprisonment. Veerasimhan releases his parents and becomes the new king, with Chandralekha as his queen.

title: Moomin (1990 TV series)

text: The first anime series consists of 78 episodes, although only 76 episodes have been aired in certain countries. The series was first aired in Japan on TV Tokyo on April 12, 1990. The last episode aired in Japan on October 3, 1991. After its first run in Japan, many other television channels have re-aired the first series. The series was distributed to many countries worldwide. In Tove Jansson's home country Finland, the series first aired on Finnish Broadcasting Company's YLE TV1 on August 1, 1991 and a Swedish dub first aired three days later. After the first run, the series has been moved to YLE TV2 and has been rebroadcasting along with the sequel series in almost every year, either with the Finnish or Swedish dub.

title: Grey's Anatomy (season 13)

text: The remaining fall schedule for ABC was announced on October 22, 2016, where it was announced that "Grey's Anatomy" would air nine episodes in the fall, rather than eight episode the previous two seasons has done, with the fall finale to air on November 17, 2016, just like the rest of ABC's primetime thursday-lineup "Notorious" and "How to Get Away with Murder", which was the same last year. The remaining 15 episodes will air after the winter break beginning airing on January 26, 2017.

title: Chandralekha (1948 film)

text: Although a period film, "Chandralekha" is not based on historical fact; its plot is based on the first chapter of "Robert Macaire, or the French Bandit in England". Sasankan is based on Macaire and, according to film historian B. D. Garga, Chandralekha is "probably" based on a female dancer in the novel whom Macaire flogs when she refuses to dance; the film includes the scene from the novel. Garga noted that "Chandralekha" was also influenced by other Western literary and cinematic works, including the novel "Blood and Sand" (1908) and the films "The Mark of Zorro" (1920), "Robin Hood" (1922), "The Thief of Baghdad" (1924) and "" (1925). In December 1964, film historian Jerzy Toeplitz called the film an "extension and development" of the mythological genre: "The characters are mortals but behave like heavenly beings, and their movements and gestures, like those of the gods and heroes of the "Mahabharata" are impregnated with the miraculous." Toeplitz wrote that the story was a "mere pretext to hold together the different episodes, each of which builds up like a circus turn: the tension mounts to a culminating point, whereupon the next episode immediately takes over." According to Roy Armes' 1987 book, "Third World Film Making and the West", Uday Shankar's 1948 "Kalpana" (also filmed at Gemini Studios) inspired Vasan to make "Chandralekha". In the 2003 "Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema", the film is described as a "Ruritanian period extravaganza".

title: Chandralekha (1948 film)

text: It has been screened at many film festivals, and was shown in December 2012 at the 10th Chennai International Film Festival (a tribute to 100 years of Indian cinema). "Chandralekha" was screened in April 2013 at the Centenary Film Festival, organised by India's Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and the National Film Archive. It was one of eight Indian films screened at the 28th Italian Il Cinema Ritrovato in 2014 as part of "The Golden 50s: India's Endangered Classics", the festival's first Indian-cinema retrospective. In his "Times of India" review of "" (2015), M. Suganth wrote that director S. S. Rajamouli had "take[n] his cues [for its visuals] from varied sources" (including "Chandralekha"). In a November 2015 interview with Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of "The Hindu", actor Kamal Haasan said: "Visual appeal has always gone hand-in-hand with content, since the days of "Chandralekha" and ["Mayabazar"], not just after "Baahubali"."

title: Monk (TV series)

text: The killer is known, and how the crime was committed is known. The episode is spent trying to find evidence to arrest that person, and these episodes are hence patterned similarly to many episodes of Columbo. Monk knows who the killer is, and knows what the motive is, but the killer has a seemingly air-tight alibi. The episode is spent trying to break that alibi and find out how the killer did it. In a number of episodes, the plot involves trying to find out the killer, how the murder was done, and why. In some episodes, the killer's M.O. is known, but not who did it or why.

title: Chandralekha (dancer)

text: Chandralekha Prabhudas Patel (6 December 1928 – 30 December 2006), commonly known as just Chandralekha, was a dancer and choreographer from India. The niece of Vallabhbhai Patel, India's first deputy Prime Minister, she was an exponent of performances fusing Bharatanatyam with Yoga and martial arts like Kalarippayattu.

title: Chandralekha (1948 film)

text: In July 2007, S. R. Ashok Kumar of "The Hindu" asked eight Tamil film directors to list their all-time favourite Tamil films; twoJ. Mahendran and K. Balachandernamed "Chandralekha". Mahendran said, "If anybody tries to remake this black-and-white film, they will make a mockery of it." According to Balachander, "Just like "Sivaji" today, people talked about "Chandralekha" in the past. Produced at a cost of 30 lakhs ([3 million], a huge sum at that time), it has grand sets. I have seen it 12 times." In December 2008, Muthiah said: "Given how spectacular it wasand the appreciation lavished on it from 1948 till well into the 1950s, which is when I caught up with itI'm sure that if re-released, it would do better at the box office than most Tamil films today." In a 2011 interview with Indo-Asian News Service (IANS), South Indian Bollywood actor Vyjayanthimala said that although people consider that she "paved the way" for other South Indian female actors in Hindi cinema, "the person who really opened the doors was S. S. Vasan ... When ["Chandralekha" was] released, it took the North by storm because by then they haven't seen that kind of lavish sets, costumes and splendour. So Vasan was the person who opened the door for Hindi films in the South."

title: Chandralekha (1997 film)

text: Upon release, "Chandralekha" became the highest-grossing Malayalam film of all time by breaking the record of Kunchacko Boban starrer Aniyathipravu released in the same year. It was the first Malayalam film to collect 10 crore from Kerala box office. "Chandralekha" ran for over 162 days in Kripa Theatre, Trivandrum (with gross).

title: Chandralekha (TV series)

text: The Series was released on 6 October 2014 on Sun TV, the series also airs on Sun TV HD. The Show was also broadcast internationally on Channel's international distribution. It airs in Sri Lanka, South East Asia, Middle East, United States, Canada, Europe, Oceania, South Africa and Sub Saharan Africa on Sun TV. The show's episodes are released on the YouTube channel Saregama TV Shows Tamil after the original telecast.


query: When did Akbar the Great become emperor?

title: Akbar

text: Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar [7] ابو الفتح جلال الدين محمد اكبر (15 October 1542[lower-alpha 1]– 27 October 1605[10][11]), popularly known as Akbar I (IPA:[əkbər]),[12] also as Akbar the Great[13][14][15][16] (Akbar-i-azam اکبر اعظم), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India. A strong personality and a successful general, Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include nearly all of the Indian Subcontinent north of the Godavari river. His power and influence, however, extended over the entire country because of Mughal military, political, cultural, and economic dominance. To unify the vast Mughal state, Akbar established a centralised system of administration throughout his empire and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy. To preserve peace and order in a religiously and culturally diverse empire, he adopted policies that won him the support of his non-Muslim subjects. Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic state identity, Akbar strove to unite far-flung lands of his realm through loyalty, expressed through an Indo-Persian culture, to himself as an emperor who had near-divine status.

title: Akbar

text: Akbar is a principal character in Indu Sundaresan's award-winning historical novel The Twentieth Wife (2002) as well as in its sequel The Feast of Roses (2003). A fictionalised Akbar plays an important supporting role in Kim Stanley Robinson's 2002 novel, The Years of Rice and Salt. Akbar is also a major character in Salman Rushdie's 2008 novel The Enchantress of Florence. Bertrice Small is known for incorporating historical figures as primary characters in her romance novels, and Akbar is no exception. He is a prominent figure in two of her novels, and mentioned several times in a third, which takes place after his death. In This Heart of Mine the heroine becomes Akbar's fortieth "wife" for a time, while Wild Jasmine and Darling Jasmine centre around the life of his half-British daughter, Yasaman Kama Begum (alias Jasmine). In Kunal Basu's The Miniaturist, the story revolves around a young painter during Akbar's time who paints his own version of the Akbarnamu Akbar is mentioned as 'Raja Baadshah' in the Chhattisgarhi folktale of "Mohna de gori kayina" Akbar is the main character in Empire of the Moghul: Ruler of the World by Alex Rutherford, the third book in a quintet based on the five great Mughal Emperors of the Mughal Dynasty.

title: Jagat Gosain

text: Just prior to Khurram's birth, a soothsayer had reportedly predicted to the childless Empress Ruqaiya Sultan Begum (Akbar's chief wife) that the still unborn child was destined for imperial greatness. So, when Khurram was only six days old, Akbar ordered that the prince be taken away from Jagat Gosaini and handed him over to Ruqaiya so that he could grow up under her care and Akbar could fulfill his wife's wish, to raise a Mughal emperor. Jagat was consoled with a magnificent gift of rubies and pearls.

title: Akbar

text: Akbar was not tall but powerfully built and very agile. He was also noted for various acts of courage. One such incident occurred on his way back from Malwa to Agra when Akbar was 19 years of age. Akbar rode alone in advance of his escort and was confronted by a tigress who, along with her cubs, came out from the shrubbery across his path. When the tigress charged the emperor, he was alleged to have dispatched the animal with his sword in a solitary blow. His approaching attendants found the emperor standing quietly by the side of the dead animal.[166]

title: Akbarnama

text: The first volume of "Akbarnama" deals with the birth of Akbar, the history of Timur's family and the reigns of Babur and Humayun and the Suri sultans of Delhi. Volume one of Akbarnama encompasses Akbar's birth and his upbringings. According to the Abul Fazl Humayuan, the second Mughal emperor and Akbar's father, is praying to the Ka'ba, an islamic holy place, for a successor to the Mughal empire. After this prayer, Maryam Makani showcases different signs that she is pregnant with Akbar such as having a shining forehead that others believe to be a mirror on her face or the warmth and joy that enters her bosom when a light shines on her. Miryam believes the light to be God's Light blessing her and her unborn child. Nine months later while Humayuan is away, Maryam gives birth to Akbar under what is considered an auspicious star and there is great celebration.

title: Rajput

text: After the mid-16th century, many Rajput rulers formed close relationships with the Mughal emperors and served them in different capacities. It was due to the support of the Rajputs that Akbar was able to lay the foundations of the Mughal empire in India. Some Rajput nobles gave away their daughters in marriage to Mughal emperors and princes for political motives. For example, Akbar accomplished 40 marriages for him, his sons and grandsons, out of which 17 were Rajput-Mughal alliances. Akbar's successors as Mogul emperors, his son Jahangir and grandson Shah Jahan had Rajput mothers. The ruling Sisodia Rajput family of Mewar made it a point of honour not to engage in matrimonial relationships with Mughals and thus claimed to stand apart from those Rajput clans who did so.

title: Dawood Bin Qutubshah

text: In 1005 A.H. Syedna Dawood Bin Qutubshah, was called by emperor Akbar to appear at the court. Syedna was in seclusion since four years but the bounties of emperor and his message was conveyed to him. When Syedna reached Lahore, the emperor was in Kashmir. He was escorted to the court of Kashmir. The emperor received him and was influenced by the spirituality of Syedna.He returned to Ahmedabad under the protection of the emperor with Royal Farman, ordering the officials at Ahmedabad to show him every attention and to receive him wherever he went with respect on account of his great learning, virtue and piety.

title: Akbar's conquest of Gujarat

text: The last two Gujarat Sultans, Ahmad Shah III and Mahmud Shah III, were raised to throne when they were young so the nobles were ruling the Sultanate. The nobles divided territories between themselves but soon started fighting between themselves for supremacy. One noble invited the Mughal emperor Akbar to intervene in 1572 which resulted in the conquest of Gujarat by 1573 and Gujarat becoming the province of the Mughal Empire.

title: Paat

text: In the sixteenth century, the Mughal Emperor Humayun fled to Sindh after his defeat by Sher Shah Suri. He met and fell in love with Hamida Banu, daughter of Shaikh Ali Akbar Jami, a Persian Shia and a friend and preceptor to Mirza Hindal, the youngest son of first Mughal Emperor and Humayun's father Babur, and married her at Paat in 1541. She gave birth to Akbar, who went on to become the next Emperor. Also the wedding of Humayun's brother Kamran who married the daughter of emperor of Sindh, Shah Arghun, was held in Paat.

title: Dalpat Vilas

text: Akbar next traveled via Chandnot (Chiniot) and Hazara to Bhere (Bhera), there animals for the hunt had been collected near Girjhak (present day Jalalpur). While Akbar went deer hunting, the nobles played a game of " kabaddi" dressed in their "kachhas" (underwear). Upon returning from the hunt, the Emperor did not join the game but went to the tent of Shekh Jamal. All the nobles dressed and went to pay their respects to Akbar. After some time, Akbar went to bathe in the river (the Jhelum). Akbar's son, Salim was hesitant to enter the river. Akbar, therefore, dunked Salim in the river a few times. The Rajput noble, Danji received four to five lashes from Akbar's whip as he was late. Pritihidip and his advisers also felt the sting of Akbar's whip. Randhirot (Prithidip's uncle) was also whipped as it was found that he had detained Prithidip. Upon being whipped, Randhirot stabbed himself in the belly. Akbar was further enraged and ordered Randhirot to be trampled to death by an elephant. This order could not be carried out as the elephant did not move to trample Randhirot.

title: Indian wild ass

text: It is unknown how the Indian wild ass disappeared from its former haunts in parts of western India and Pakistan, since the animal was never a hunting target of Indian Maharajas and colonial British officials of the British Raj. However, India's Mughal Emperors and noblemen from the time took great pleasure in hunting it with Emperor Jahangir in his book "Tuzk-e-Jahangiri". In an illustrated copy that has survived of "Akbarnama", the book of Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great there is an illustration of Akbar on an Indian wild ass shoot with several of them having been shot by him.

title: Maharana Pratap

text: The grim Siege of Chittorgarh in 1568 had led to the loss of the fertile eastern belt of Mewar to the Mughals. However, the rest of the wooded and hilly kingdom was still under the control of the Rana. The Mughal emperor Akbar was intent on securing a stable route to Gujarat through Mewar; when Pratap Singh was crowned king (Rana) in 1572, Akbar sent a number of envoys entreating the Rana to become a vassal like many other Rajput leaders in the region. When the Rana refused to personally submit to Akbar, war became inevitable.

title: Rule of avoidance

text: In the time of Emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire (in the area of what is now India, Pakistan and Afghanistan), a system similar to this was put into place to ensure smooth running of government and to prevent corruption. Government officials were not allowed to serve in one jurisdiction for long so that they did not become too involved in local affairs and become stronger than the Emperor himself. After a period of time, employees of the Emperor were transferred and jurisdiction of service was thus rotated regularly. The implementation of this system in the Empire by Akbar helped in preventing corruption and favoritism. This method was discarded and forgotten by the later Emperors.

title: Mirza Aziz Koka

text: Akbar was very lenient to Aziz Koka, his foster-brother and childhood playmate. Nevertheless, Aziz Koka did not obey Akbar, his emperor, readily. He was especially opposed to Akbar's law to brand all horses, and could not accept prostration in Akbar's new court ritual. When Aziz Koka was summoned to court in 1592, he went on pilgrimage to Mecca instead. There he spent much money to pious causes for a year and a half, until Akbar forgave him, and restored him in his positions.

title: Rewa (princely state)

text: Emperor Akbar was given refuge at Rewa at age 10, when his father Humayun fled India following a defeat in war. Prince Ramchandra Singh and Akbar grew up together as royal heirs. Maharaja Ramchandra Singh and Akbar stayed friends. Two of the Navratnas of Akbar, Tansen and Birbal (originally named Mahesh Das) were sent from Rewa by Maharaja Ramchandra Singh once Akbar became the Emperor of India.

title: Akbar II

text: Prince Mirza Akbar was born on 22 April 1760 to Emperor Shah Alam II at Mukundpur, Satna, while his father was in exile. On 2 May 1781, at the Red Fort, the prince was made Crown Prince with the title of "Wali Ahd Bahadur", after the death of his elder brother. In 1782, he was appointed the viceroy of Delhi until 1799. When the renegade eunuch Ghulam Qadir captured Delhi, the young Prince Mirza Akbar was forced to nautch dance together along with other Mughal princes and princesses. He witnessed how the members of the imperial Mughal family were humiliated, as well as starved. When Mahmud Shah fled, Mirza Akbar was titular Emperor with the title of "Akbar Shah II", and was to remain acting emperor even after the reinstatement of his father Shah Alam II, till January 1788.

title: The Great Moghuls (film)

text: When the second Emperor Humayun died suddenly, his thirteen-year-old son was crowned Emperor. He was called Akbar, meaning "Great". He would grow up to amply deserve the name, for he was the greatest of the Great Moghuls.

title: Peacock Throne

text: Nadir Shah's invasion of India culminated in the Battle of Karnal, on 13 February 1739, and the defeat of Muhammad Shah. Nadir Shah entered Delhi and sacked the city, in the course of which tens of thousands of inhabitants were massacred. Persian troops left Delhi at the beginning of May 1739, taking with them the throne as a war trophy, their haul of treasure amounting to a large reduction in Mughal wealth and an irreplaceable loss of cultural artefacts. Among the known precious stones that Nadir Shah looted were the Akbar Shah, Great Mughal, Great Table, Koh-i-Noor, and Shah diamonds, as well as the Samarian spinel and the Timur ruby. These stones were either part of the Peacock Throne or were in possession of the Mughal emperors. The Akbar Shah Diamond was said to form one of the eyes of a peacock, as did the Koh-i-Noor. The Shah diamond was described by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier as being on the side of the throne. Many of these stones ended up becoming part of the Persian crown jewels or were taken later by the British colonialists.

title: Badakhshan

text: When Akbar became Mughal Emperor, his stepbrother Mirza Muhammad Hakim's mother had been killed by Shah Abul Ma'ali. Mirza Sulaiman went to Kabul, and had Abul Ma'ali hanged; he then had his own daughter married to Mirza Muhammad Hakim, and appointed Umed Ali, a Badakhshan noble, as Mirza Muhammad Hakim's agent in 1563. But Mirza Muhammad Hakim did not go on well with Mirza Sulaiman, who returned next year to Kabul with hostile intentions; but Mirza Muhammad Hakim fled and asked Akbar for assistance, so that Mirza Sulaiman, though he had taken Jalalabad, had to return to Badakhshan. He returned to Kabul in 1566, when Akbar's troops had left that country, but retreated on being promised tribute.

title: Umarkot Fort

text:
Umarkot Fort (),
is a fort located in Umerkot, Sindh, also called Amarkot (), Emperor Akbar was born in Umarkot Fort when his father Humayun fled from the military defeats at the hands of Sher Shah Suri on 15 October 1542. Rana Parasad of Umarkot, who had risen to power had given refuge to Mughal Emperor Humayun and it was there Hamida Bano Begum gave birth to young Akbar. Later the Mughal Emperor Akbar became the Shahenshah of Hindustan and was a popular figure with both Hindus and Muslims. Umerkot has many sites of historical significance such as Mughal emperor Akbar's birthplace near to Umarkot Fort, currently King Akbar birth place is an open land. In 1746, the Mughal Subahdar, Noor Mohammad Kalhoro, built a fort at the location. Later the British would take over that area.

title: Akbar

text: Despite the ultimate success in Malwa, the conflict exposed cracks in Akbar's personal relationships with his relatives and Mughal nobles. When Adham Khan confronted Akbar following another dispute in 1562, he was struck down by the emperor and thrown from a terrace into the palace courtyard at Agra. Still alive, Adham Khan was dragged up and thrown to the courtyard once again by Akbar to ensure his death. Akbar now sought to eliminate the threat of over-mighty subjects.[43] He created specialised ministerial posts relating to imperial governance; no member of the Mughal nobility was to have unquestioned pre-eminence.[43] When a powerful clan of Uzbek chiefs broke out in rebellion in 1564, Akbar decisively defeated and routed them in Malwa and then Bihar.[46] He pardoned the rebellious leaders, hoping to conciliate them, but they rebelled again, so Akbar had to quell their uprising a second time. Following a third revolt with the proclamation of Mirza Muhammad Hakim, Akbar's brother and the Mughal ruler of Kabul, as emperor, his patience was finally exhausted. Several Uzbek chieftains were subsequently slain and the rebel leaders trampled to death under elephants.[46] Simultaneously the Mirzas, a group of Akbar's distant cousins who held important fiefs near Agra, had also risen up in rebellion. They too were slain and driven out of the empire.[46] In 1566, Akbar moved to meet the forces of his brother, Muhammad Hakim, who had marched into the Punjab with dreams of seizing the imperial throne. Following a brief confrontation, however, Muhammad Hakim accepted Akbar's supremacy and retreated back to Kabul.[46]

title: Zakhi

text: Mostly Afghan Pashtun came to this area around 1557 with Bairam Khan who ruled on behalf of the Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great. The village Akbarpura, the village closest to Zakhi, was named after the great Mughal King Akbar the Great who camped here while traveling between Kabul and Delhi. In around 1834 this was ruled by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

title: Islam and Jainism

text: Some Jain customs and characters that influenced the Mughal court of Akbar have been documented. Akbar honored Hiravijaya, the leader of the Svetambara Tapa Gaccha. They persuaded the emperor to forbid the slaughter of animals for six months in Gujarat and abolish the confiscation of property of deceased persons, the Sujija Tax (jizya) and a Sulka (possibly a tax on pilgrims) and free caged birds and prisoners. Akbar is said to have given up hunting and quit meat-eating forever as it had become repulsive. Akbar also declared "Amari Ghosana" banning the killing of animals during Jain festival of Paryushana and Mahavir Jayanti. He rolled back the jizya from Jain pilgrimage places like Palitana. These "farman"s were also issued in 1592, 1594 and 1598. Jain monks gained the respect of the Mughal emperors Jahangir and Shah Jahan. Akbar banned animal slaughter near important Jain sites during the Paryushana.

title: Faridnagar

text: Faridnagar was founded during the rule of the great mogul emperor Akbar by Nawab Farid-ud-din. He was awarded the "Zagir" of seventeen villages between Pilkhua and Begmabad by emperor Akbar the great. The town used to be a garrison for a small mugal military unit and housed the Taksal - a place to mint mugal coins during the reigns of Akbar and Jahangir. The major source of revenue were farming, gardening and trade. Important industries were cotton weaving and Khandsari-the gud making, oil extraction and pottery making.

title: Maham Anga

text: Maham Anga was Akbar's chief nurse prior to his enthronement at age thirteen as Mughal emperor in 1556. Her own son, Adham Khan, as Akbar's foster brother, was regarded as almost one of the imperial family. Maham Anga, shrewd and ambitious and very much in charge of the household and harem, sought to advance her own authority and that of her son. In 1560, the two tricked Akbar into coming to India without his regent and guardian Bairam Khan and they were able to convince Akbar that now that he was seventeen, he did not need Bairam. Akbar dismissed his regent and sent him on a pilgrimage to Mecca. Months later, Bairam was murdered by an Afghan and much of his former power passed on to Maham Anga. Her power began to wane in 1561, however, when Akbar appointed Ataga Khan, a man outside her sphere of influence, as his new chief minister.

title: Shaikh Gadai Kamboh

text: Shaikh Gadai was the right-hand man of Bairam Khan. Bairam Khan never did any political or financial business without consulting the Shaikh. Shaikh Gadai also obtained powers to put his seal on the firmans. He was exempted from the ceremony of homage and in assemblies, he was given precedence over Saiyids and Ulemas. His position was so high that he did not have to dismount the horse when paying respects to the king. Emperor Akbar had a great respect for the Shaikh. Everyone in the "Darbar-a-Akbari" was required to bow his head and wave his beard to pay obeisance to the emperor, but Shaikh Gadai was an exception. The emperor himself would come to the Shaikh to seek his blessings. Both Bairam Khan and Akbar used to be often present in his house at "Sama" sessions or singing parties.

title: History of Kashmir

text: Kashmir did not witness direct Mughal rule till the reign of Mughal badshah (emperor) Akbar the Great, who visited the valley himself in 1589 CE. The Mughal conquered Kashmir and added it in 1586 to his Afghan province Kabul Subah, but Shah Jahan carved it out as a separate subah (imperial top-level province), with seat at Srinagar. During successive Mughal emperors many celebrated gardens, mosques and palaces were constructed. Religious intolerance and discriminatory taxation reappeared when Mughal emperor Aurangzeb ascended to the throne in 1658 CE. After his death, the influence of the Mughal Empire declined.

title: Shahbaz Khan Kamboh

text: He was an all-rounder officer and besides his military duties, he also helped Akbar in civil administration and financial matters. He became a very close confidant, a companion, a "Mir Bakhshi" (head of the military department, holding the rank of imperial minister) and a "Vakil" (Chief Administrator or Prime Minister) of Akbar and had acquired and exercised great powers. In 1581, when Emperor Akbar marched against Mirza Hakim to the Punjab, Shahbaz Khan came to Fatehpur and for about ten months, he took in his hands the reins of state administration in the absence of the Emperor.

title: Tomb of Anarkali

text: The tomb was said to be built by the Mughal Emperor Jehangir for his love Anarkali, who as per legend, was caught by Emperor Akbar for exchanging glances with Jehangir, at the time known as Prince Saleem. Anarkali was reportedly a concubine of Emperor Akbar, and this action reportedly enraged the Emperor Akbar so much, that he had Anarkali interred alive in a wall. When Prince Saleem ascended the throne and took the name "Jehangir," he is reported to have ordered the construction of a tomb over the site of the wall in which Anarkali was reportedly buried.

title: USS Akbar (SP-599)

text: USS "Akbar" (SP-599) was first owned by George W. Childs Drexel of Philadelphia, a member of the city's Corinthian Yacht Club. The original name "Akbar", apparently named for Mogul emperor Jalul-ud-Din Muhammed, known as "Akbar" (The Great), was retained upon entry into naval service.


query: When did Pokemon Sun and Moon come out?

title: Pokémon Sun and Moon

text: Pokémon Sun and Moon[lower-alpha 1] are role-playing video games developed by Game Freak, published by The Pokémon Company and Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS. They are the first installments in the seventh generation of Pokémon games. First announced in February 2016 through a special Nintendo Direct, both Sun and Moon were released worldwide on November 18, 2016. commemorating the franchise's 20th anniversary. Two follow-up games, Pokémon Ultra Sun and Pokémon Ultra Moon, were released for the same consoles on November 17, 2017.

title: Lucian

text: The novel begins with an explanation that the story is not at all "true" and that everything in it is, in fact, a complete and utter lie. The narrative begins with Lucian and his fellow travelers journeying out past the Pillars of Heracles. Blown off course by a storm, they come to an island with a river of wine filled with fish and bears, a marker indicating that Heracles and Dionysus have traveled to this point, and trees that look like women. Shortly after leaving the island, they are caught up by a whirlwind and taken to the Moon, where they find themselves embroiled in a full-scale war between the king of the Moon and the king of the Sun over colonization of the Morning Star. Both armies include bizarre hybrid lifeforms. The armies of the Sun win the war by clouding over the Moon and blocking out the Sun's light. Both parties then come to a peace agreement. Lucian then describes life on the Moon and how it is different from life on Earth.

title: Pokémon Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon

text: "Ultra Sun" and "Ultra Moon" introduce new Ultra Beasts: Stakataka, Blacephalon and Poipole (which evolves into Naganadel). In addition, there are new forms for the Legendary Pokémon Necrozma, dubbed "Dusk Mane" and "Dawn Wings" forms, which are achieved by absorbing Legendary Pokémon Solgaleo and Lunala, respectively (similar to Black/White Kyurem from "Black 2" and "White 2" and Lusamine's mutated form from the original "Sun" and "Moon"). These forms act as cover mascots for the games. Also, a new Lycanroc form, Dusk Lycanroc, is added. Players can now travel around the Alola Region to collect Totem Stickers, which allow the player to receive a Totem Pokemon. Three new activities are added: Mantine Surf, which allows the player to surf across the region's seas; Alola Photo Club, which allows the player to take pictures of their player character with Pokémon in various poses; and Ultra Warp Ride, which allows the player to travel through varying Ultra Wormholes and encounter Ultra Beasts in their own worlds, as well as finding Legendary Pokémon from every game in the Pokémon franchise, and an increased chance for shiny pokemon to appear. New Z-Moves are available for multiple Pokémon, including Solgaleo, Lunala, Lycanroc and Mimikyu and Necrozma. A new upgrade to the Rotom Pokédex adds Roto-Loto, which allows the player to use boosts (akin to O-Powers from the previous generation), and Z-Rotom Power, which allows the player to use Z-Moves a maximum of twice per battle.

title: Kalevala (synopses)

text: Väinämöinen runs toward the mountain prison of the sun and moon and finds an enormous stone atop a rock with the light of the sun shining out of it. He cleaves the stone in three and discovers serpents drinking ale, he kills them but when he tries to free the sun and moon he finds his magic lacking, so he returns home and tells of his adventure and his inability to rescue the sun and moon.

title: 6180 the moon

text: The Moon prepares to set and allow the Sun to rise, however, the Moon notices the Sun is missing. The Moon then begins a journey to find the Sun, and tell him to come back to Earth. On the way, the Moon talks to each of the planets, who give their opinions or advice on the situation. At the end, the Sun tells the Moon that he never left, and the Moon begins the journey back.

title: Tide

text: When the Earth, Moon, and Sun are in line (Sun–Earth–Moon, or Sun–Moon–Earth) the two main influences combine to produce spring tides; when the two forces are opposing each other as when the angle Moon–Earth–Sun is close to ninety degrees, neap tides result. As the Moon moves around its orbit it changes from north of the Equator to south of the Equator. The alternation in high tide heights becomes smaller, until they are the same (at the lunar equinox, the Moon is above the Equator), then redevelop but with the other polarity, waxing to a maximum difference and then waning again.

title: A True Story

title: Armillary sphere

text: To rectify the sphere for use, first slacken the screw "r" in the upright stem "R", and taking hold of the arm "Q", move it up or down until the given degree of latitude for any place be at the side of the stem "R"; and then the axis of the sphere will be properly elevated, so as to stand parallel to the axis of the world, if the machine be set north and south by a small compass: this done, count the latitude from the north pole, upon the celestial meridian "L", down towards the north notch of the horizon, and set the horizon to that latitude; then, turn the nut "b" until the sun "Y" comes to the given day of the year in the ecliptic, and the sun will be at its proper place for that day: find the place of the moon's ascending node, and also the place of the moon, by an Ephemeris, and set them right accordingly: lastly, turn the winch "W", until either the sun comes to the meridian "L", or until the meridian comes to the sun (according as you want the sphere or earth to move) and set the hour-index to the XII, marked noon, and the whole machine will be rectified. — Then turn the winch, and observe when the sun or moon rise and set in the horizon, and the hour-index will show the times thereof for the given day.

title: Melanesian mythology

text: Of the origin of the sun and moon various tales are told. In the Admiralty Islands it is said that when the sea had dried so that man appeared, the first two beings, after planting trees and creating food plants, made two mushrooms, one of which the man threw into the sky, creating the moon, while the woman tossed the other upward and formed the sun. A different account is given by the people of southern British New Guinea. According to this, a man was digging a deep hole one day when he uncovered the moon as a small bright object. After he had taken it out, it began to grow, and finally, escaping from his hands, rose high into the sky. Had the moon been left in the ground until it was born naturally, it would have given a brighter light; but since it was taken out prematurely, it sheds only feeble rays. With this we may compare a tale from German New Guinea which recounts how the moon was originally kept hidden in a jar by an old woman. Some boys discovered this, and coming secretly, opened the jar, whereupon the moon flew out; and though they tried to hold it, it slipped from their grasp and rose into the sky, bearing the marks of their hands on its surface. The people of Woodlark Island have another tale in which the origin of the sun and moon is connected with the origin of fire. According to this, in the beginning an old woman was the sole owner of fire, and she alone could eat cooked food, while other people must devour theirs raw. Her son said to her: "You are cruel. You see that the taro takes the skin off our throats, yet you do not give us fire with which to cook it"; but since she proved obdurate, he stole some of the flame and gave it to the rest of mankind. In anger at his action, the old woman seized what was left of her fire, divided it into two parts, and threw them into the sky, the larger portion thus becoming the sun, and the smaller the moon.

title: Here Comes the Moon

text:
Harrison's handwritten lyrics for "Here Comes the Moon" are dated 25 February, the day after his 35th birthday. The song's nature-related theme matches that of much of his previous work, including "All Things Must Pass", "Here Comes the Sun" and "Blow Away". Due to the similarity of its title with "Here Comes the Sun", the song has invited interpretation as a sequel to that 1969 Harrison composition. Author Ian Inglis writes that the two songs differ significantly, however, in that while "Here Comes the Sun" adopts the arrival of sunshine as a metaphor for hope and an end to a dark emotional mood, "Here Comes the Moon" focuses purely on the moment itself, rather than what the moon's appearance might suggest. While also viewing the songs as having little in common aside from their titles, Harrison biographer Simon Leng considers that "Here Comes the Moon" shares the earlier composition's theme of escape. According to singer Stevie Nicks, she spent time with Harrison in Hana during this period and helped him write the lyrics for the song.
As with all the songs on "George Harrison", music journalist John Metzger considers "Here Comes the Moon" to be in the folk pop style. The composition includes a series of descending guitar arpeggios before the start of each verse. The time signature is 6/8 over these guitar passages and the similarly descending choruses, and 4/4 over the verses and the middle eight.

title: Bushman (comics)

text: Raoul Bushman resurfaces, albeit as a corpulent crack dealer, and meets "Patient 86" who became an avatar of Ra called the Sun King. They come up with a plot to kill Moon Knight. To accomplish the plans to kill Moon Knight, Bushman and Sun King went to Marlene Alruane's house and discovered that she and Jake Lockley's aspect of Moon Knight had a child together, much to the shock of Marc Spector and Steven Grant. He kidnaps Marlene, and forces Moon Knight to board a ship to an island showdown with Sun king. During the boat ride Raoul gets two fingers cut off and eventually abandons Sun King when he is defeated by Moon Knight.

title: Pokémon Sun and Moon

text: Despite the successes of Pokémon Go, the developers stated that it did not affect the development of Sun and Moon, although it did improve public awareness of the franchise in general and that they were working to develop interactivity between the app and the main series.[30] Ohmori added that during the development of Sun and Moon they "completely redesigned the system, and actually ended up pushing the 3DS even further to what [they] thought was the most [they] could draw out of it."[31] With a team of around 120, the games took about three years to develop, comparable with other new-generation games.[32] Later on, Kazumasa Iwao, who was responsible for the battle systems in Sun and Moon, was recruited as director for Ultra Sun and Ultra Moon.[33]

title: Eclipse cycle

text: Eclipses may occur when the Earth and the Moon are aligned with the Sun, and the shadow of one body cast by the Sun falls on the other. So at new moon, when the Moon is in conjunction with the Sun, the Moon may pass in front of the Sun as seen from a narrow region on the surface of the Earth and cause a solar eclipse. At full moon, when the Moon is in opposition to the Sun, the Moon may pass through the shadow of the Earth, and a lunar eclipse is visible from the night half of the Earth. Conjunction and opposition of the Moon together have a special name: syzygy (from "Greek" for "junction"), because of the importance of these lunar phases.

title: Zhang Heng

text: The Sun is like fire and the Moon like water. The fire gives out light and the water reflects it. Thus the moon's brightness is produced from the radiance of the Sun, and the Moon's darkness is due to (the light of) the sun being obstructed. The side which faces the Sun is fully lit, and the side which is away from it is dark. The planets (as well as the Moon) have the nature of water and reflect light. The light pouring forth from the Sun does not always reach the moon owing to the obstruction of the earth itself—this is called 'an-xu', a lunar eclipse. When (a similar effect) happens with a planet (we call it) an occultation; when the Moon passes across (the Sun's path) then there is a solar eclipse.

title: Axial precession

text: Why did Hipparchus need a lunar eclipse to measure the position of a star? The equinoctial points are not marked in the sky, so he needed the Moon as a reference point. Hipparchus already had developed a way to calculate the longitude of the Sun at any moment. A lunar eclipse happens during Full moon, when the Moon is in opposition. At the midpoint of the eclipse, the Moon is precisely 180° from the Sun. Hipparchus is thought to have measured the longitudinal arc separating Spica from the Moon. To this value, he added the calculated longitude of the Sun, plus 180° for the longitude of the Moon. He did the same procedure with Timocharis' data (Evans 1998, p. 251). Observations such as these eclipses, incidentally, are the main source of data about when Hipparchus worked, since other biographical information about him is minimal. The lunar eclipses he observed, for instance, took place on April 21, 146 BC, and March 21, 135 BC (Toomer 1984, p. 135 n. 14).

title: Planetshine

text: Features on Earth, the Moon, and some other bodies have, to some extent, retroreflective properties. Light striking them is backscattered, or diffusely reflected preferentially back in the direction from which it has come rather than in other directions. If the light comes from the Sun, it is reflected preferentially back toward the Sun and in nearby directions. For example, when its phase is full, the Moon reflects light preferentially toward the Sun and also Earth, which is in almost the same direction. As viewed from Earth, the full Moon therefore appears brighter than it would if it scattered light uniformly in all directions. Similarly, near new moon, sunlight that has been backscattered from Earth toward the Sun and also the Moon, which is in almost the same direction, and then backscattered again from the Moon toward Earth appears much brighter, as viewed from Earth, than it would without the retroreflective effects.

title: Armillary sphere

text: In the box "T" are two wheels (as in Dr Long's sphere) and two pinions, whose axes come out at "V" and "U"; either of which may be turned by the small winch "W". When the winch is put upon the axis "V", and turn backward, the terrestrial globe, with its horizon and celestial meridian, keep at rest; and the whole sphere of circles turns round from east, by south, to west, carrying the sun "Y", and moon "Z", round the same way, and causing them to rise above and set below the horizon. But when the winch is put upon the axis "U", and turned forward, the sphere with the sun and moon keep at rest; and the earth, with its horizon and meridian, turn round from horizon to the sun and moon, to which these bodies came when the earth kept at rest, and they were carried round it; showing that they rise and set in the same points of the horizon, and at the same times in the hour circle, whether the motion be in the earth or in the heaven. If the earthly globe be turned, the hour-index goes round its hour-circle; but if the sphere be turned, the hour-circle goes round below the index.

title: Chinese astronomy

text:
The ancient Greeks had known this as well, since Parmenides and Aristotle supported the theory of the moon shining because of reflected light. The Chinese astronomer and inventor Zhang Heng (78–139 CE) wrote of both solar eclipse and lunar eclipse in the publication of "Ling Xian" (靈憲), 120 CE:
The sun is like fire and the moon like water. The fire gives out light and the water reflects it. Thus the moon's brightness is produced from the radiance of the sun, and the moon's darkness (pho) is due to (the light of) the sun being obstructed (pi). The side which faces the sun is fully lit, and the side which is away from it is dark. The planets (as well as the moon) have the nature of water and reflect light. The light pouring forth from the sun (tang jih chih chhung kuang) does not always reach the moon owing to the obstruction (pi) of the earth itself—this is called 'an-hsü', a lunar eclipse. When (a similar effect) happens with a planet (we call it) an occulation (hsing wei); when the moon passes across (kuo) (the sun's path) then there is a solar eclipse (shih).
The later Song Dynasty scientist Shen Kuo (1031–1095 CE) used the models of lunar eclipse and solar eclipse in order to prove that the celestial bodies were round, not flat. This was an extension of the reasoning of Jing Fang and other theorists as early as the Han Dynasty. In his "Dream Pool Essays" of 1088  CE, Shen related a conversation he had with the director of the Astronomical Observatory, who had asked Shen if the shapes of the sun and the moon were round like balls or flat like fans. Shen Kuo explained his reasoning for the former:
If they were like balls they would surely obstruct each other when they met. I replied that these celestial bodies were certainly like balls. How do we know this? By the waxing and waning of the moon. The moon itself gives forth no light, but is like a ball of silver; the light is the light of the sun (reflected). When the brightness is first seen, the sun (-light passes almost) alongside, so the side only is illuminated and looks like a crescent. When the sun gradually gets further away, the light shines slanting, and the moon is full, round like a bullet. If half of a sphere is covered with (white) powder and looked at from the side, the covered part will look like a crescent; if looked at from the front, it will appear round. Thus we know that the celestial bodies are spherical.
When he asked Shen Kuo why eclipses occurred only on an occasional basis while in conjunction and opposition once a day, Shen Kuo wrote:
I answered that the ecliptic and the moon's path are like two rings, lying one over the other, but distant by a small amount. (If this obliquity did not exist), the sun would be eclipsed whenever the two bodies were in conjunction, and the moon would be eclipsed whenever they were exactly in opposition. But (in fact) though they may occupy the same degree, the two paths are not (always) near (each other), and so naturally the bodies do not (intrude) upon one another.

title: PLAY: The Games Festival

text: Some new games are yo-kai watch, pokemon sun and pokemon moon.

title: Jumpgate

text: In Pokémon Ultra Sun and Pokémon Ultra Moon, follow up games to Pokémon Sun and Pokémon Moon, the game proceeds similarly to its predecessors until the climax of the story. However, there is a group known as the Ultra Recon Squad investigating the Alola Region. It is later revealed to the Protagonist that the Legendary Pokemon, Necrozma, which is similar to the Ultra Beasts, had stolen the light from their world, and that if it is not stopped, it would devour Alola's light as well. Lusamine vows to prevent this from happening by stopping Necrozma herself, and uses Cosmog to open up a Wormhole in order to find Necrozma. In the story's climax, the player summons Solgaleo/Lunala at the Altar of the Sunne/Moone and in doing so, draws out Necrozma. Lusamine falls from a Wormhole, having been defeated by Necrozma. Necrozma opens up a number of Ultra Wormholes across the Alola Region, summoning Buzzwole/Pheromosa to Akala Island, Guzzlord to Ula Ula Island, and Xerkitree to Poni Island. On Melemele Island, Ultra Beasts new to Pokémon Ultra Sun and Pokémon Ultra Moon appear in front of Hala and Tapu Koko, Blacephalon in Pokémon Ultra Sun, or Stakataka in Pokémon Ultra Moon. At that point, Necrozma absorbs Solgaleo/Lunala, and the Protagonist must battle Dusk Mane Necrozma/Dawn Wings Necrozma. Upon being defeated, Necrozma disappears through an Ultra Wormhole, still with Solgaleo/Lunala absorbed within it. The Protagonist then must follow it through a Wormhole to Ultra Megalopolis, where Necrozma further transforms into Ultra Necrozma, and must be battled one more time. The Ultra Recon Squad will thank the Protagonist, and given them another new Ultra Beast, Poipole.

title: Parallax

text: A primitive way to determine the distance to the Sun in terms of the distance to the Moon was already proposed by Aristarchus of Samos in his book On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon. He noted that the Sun, Moon, and Earth form a right triangle (with the right angle at the Moon) at the moment of first or last quarter moon. He then estimated that the Moon, Earth, Sun angle was 87°. Using correct geometry but inaccurate observational data, Aristarchus concluded that the Sun was slightly less than 20 times farther away than the Moon. The true value of this angle is close to 89° 50', and the Sun is actually about 390 times farther away.[17] He pointed out that the Moon and Sun have nearly equal apparent angular sizes and therefore their diameters must be in proportion to their distances from Earth. He thus concluded that the Sun was around 20 times larger than the Moon; this conclusion, although incorrect, follows logically from his incorrect data. It does suggest that the Sun is clearly larger than the Earth, which could be taken to support the heliocentric model.[20]

title: Dark moon

text: The "Oxford English Dictionary" defines the new moon as "the first visible crescent of the Moon, after conjunction with the Sun". "Dark moon" is a term used for a waning crescent moon. When the Moon's orbit is divided into 30 segments, as the ancient Greeks did in the time of Homer, the Babylonians did, and the Indians still do today (calling them "tithi"), the last phase is called the "dark moon". In Greek, it was called the "old moon" and associated with Hecate. In India, it is called Amavasya and associated with Kali. Both of these goddesses have a dark connotation, hence the term dark moon.

title: Luminary (astrology)

text: Also many cultures believe the sun and moon to be husband and wife or brother and sister. From the conception that the Sun and Moon were husband and wife many legends concerning them were created, chief among these being the old Persian belief that the stars were the children of the Sun and Moon. As common with many marriages it was also thought that the sun and moons marriage was an uneasy one. There are many legends of the sun and moon that relate their disputes and marital troubles, for mythology reveals that as husband and wife the Sun and Moon did not live happily together, some of these explaining the reason of seasons and weather. The myths and thoughts of the relationship between the sun and moon and their role in the universe are high in quantity. Correlations and connections can be made with some of these beliefs but oftentimes many disagree with others.

title: Winter Moon (album)

text: Winter Moon is a 1981 jazz album by saxophonist Art Pepper playing with Stanley Cowell, Howard Roberts, Cecil McBee, Carl Burnett and strings arranged and conducted by Bill Holman ("Our Song", "When the Sun Comes Out", "Blues in the Night", "Winter Moon") and Jimmy Bond ("Here's That Rainy Day", "That's Love", "The Prisoner").

title: Sanskara (rite of passage)

text:
Nishkramana (IAST: Niṣkrāmaṇa, Sanskrit: निष्क्रम) literally means "going out, coming forth", is the rite of passage where the parents take the baby outside the home and the baby formally meets the world for the first time. It is usually observed during the fourth month after birth. On this ritual occasion the newborn is taken out and shown the sun at sunrise or sunset, or the moon, or both. Alternatively, some families take the baby to a temple for the first time. The rite of passage involves bathing the baby and dressing him or her in new clothes. The baby's outing is accompanied by both the mother and the father, siblings if any, as well some near family members such as grandparents and friends.
The significance of "Niskramana" and showing the baby heavenly bodies is derived from their significance of Sun, Moon and nature in the Vedic literature. At the time the baby is present before the sunrise or moon, it is the father who holds the baby and recites a hymn that means, "the brilliant sun has risen in the east, he is like the "hamsa" (swan) of the pure worlds, let us salute him, because he dispels darkness". When the baby is in presence of the moon, the father says, "O Moon, thou whose hair is well parted, let this child come to no harm, nor torn from the mother".

title: Pokémon Sun and Moon

text: Pokémon Sun and Moon, like their predecessors, are presented in fully three dimensional (3D) polygonal graphics, allowing for more interactivity with the overworld and more dynamic action during battles. However, the character models in Sun and Moon possess more realistic proportions compared to chibi-styled models used in Pokemon X and Y or Pokémon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire.[1] Players are also able to customize their Pokémon trainer's appearance, choosing gender, skin tone and hair color at the start of the game, and can later acquire outfits and accessories to change their character's appearance. Joining the previous generations of Pokémon are all new species, such as the new Starter Pokémon; Rowlet, Litten, and Popplio, and the Pokémon that are, within the fictional Pokémon world, described as Legendary, namely Solgaleo and Lunala.[2][3]

title: When Sun Comes Out

text: "For the song by Harold Arden and Ted Koehler, see When the Sun Comes Out"

title: Moon

text: Eclipses only occur when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are all in a straight line (termed "syzygy"). Solar eclipses occur at new moon, when the Moon is between the Sun and Earth. In contrast, lunar eclipses occur at full moon, when Earth is between the Sun and Moon. The apparent size of the Moon is roughly the same as that of the Sun, with both being viewed at close to one-half a degree wide. The Sun is much larger than the Moon but it is the vastly greater distance that gives it the same apparent size as the much closer and much smaller Moon from the perspective of Earth. The variations in apparent size, due to the non-circular orbits, are nearly the same as well, though occurring in different cycles. This makes possible both total (with the Moon appearing larger than the Sun) and annular (with the Moon appearing smaller than the Sun) solar eclipses. In a total eclipse, the Moon completely covers the disc of the Sun and the solar corona becomes visible to the naked eye. Because the distance between the Moon and Earth is very slowly increasing over time, the angular diameter of the Moon is decreasing. Also, as it evolves toward becoming a red giant, the size of the Sun, and its apparent diameter in the sky, are slowly increasing. The combination of these two changes means that hundreds of millions of years ago, the Moon would always completely cover the Sun on solar eclipses, and no annular eclipses were possible. Likewise, hundreds of millions of years in the future, the Moon will no longer cover the Sun completely, and total solar eclipses will not occur.

title: Minokawa

text: The moon makes eight holes in the eastern horizon to come out of, and eight holes in the western horizon to go into, because every day the big bird tries to catch her, and she is afraid. The exact moment he tries to swallow her is just when she is about to come in through one of the holes in the east to shine on us again. If the "Minokawa" should swallow the moon, and the sun too, he would then come down to earth and gulp down men also. But when the moon is in the belly of the big bird, and the sky is dark, then all the Bagobo people will scream and cry, and beat gongs, because they fear they will all be eaten. Soon this racket makes the "Minokawa"-bird look down and "open his mouth to hear the sound." Then the moon jumps out of the bird's mouth and runs away.

title: Solar eclipse

text: A solar eclipse occurs when an observer (on Earth) passes through the shadow cast by the Moon which fully or partially blocks ("occults") the Sun. This can only happen when the Sun, Moon and Earth are nearly aligned on a straight line in three dimensions (syzygy) during a new moon when the Moon is close to the ecliptic plane. In a total eclipse, the disk of the Sun is fully obscured by the Moon. In partial and annular eclipses, only part of the Sun is obscured.

title: The Same Sun

text: Corr finished writing the album in March 2012 and she said it may be called "Catch the Moon". The title comes from the idea "of when somebody comes into your life and they utterly change yours, that you would go to any lengths for them... so you would catch the moon." However, on 21 August 2013, it was announced that the album would be titled "The Same Sun".


query: How do plants get blight?

title: Blight

text: Late blight of potato, caused by the water mold Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the disease which led to the Great Irish Famine Southern corn leaf blight, caused by the fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechs.) Drechs, anamorph Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado & Miyake) Shoemaker, incited a severe loss of corn in the United States in 1970.[2] Chestnut blight, caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr, has nearly completely eradicated mature American chestnuts in North America. Fire blight of pome fruits, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al., is the most severe disease of pear and also is found in apple and raspberry, among others. Bacterial leaf blight of rice, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae (Uyeda & Ishiyama) Dowson.[3] Early blight of potato and tomato, caused by species of the ubiquitous fungal genus Alternaria Leaf blight of the grasses Bur oak blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Tubakia iowensis.

title: Boxwood blight

text: Boxwood blight (also known as box blight or boxwood leaf drop) is a widespread fungal disease affecting boxwoods (box plants), caused by "Cylindrocladium buxicola" (also called "C. pseudonaviculatum").

title: Phytophthora sojae

text: Foliar blight is also a symptom of "Phytophthora sojae", especially when the plant has recently experienced heavy rain. The soybean plant has an age-related resistance in which the older leaves are not susceptible to foliar blight.

title: Gummy stem blight

text: There are currently no varieties of cucurbit completely resistant to "D. bryoniae". Cultural practices and preventive techniques can be taken to avoid or reduce harm done by "D. bryoniae". Purchasing and planting reputable disease-free seeds is necessary for ensuring "D. bryoniae" will not be present at planting. A rotation (of at least 2 years) of cucurbit and non-cucurbit crops should be performed to greatly reduce the incidence of Gummy Stem Blight. Since Gummy Stem Blight can survive as chlamydospores in dead plant debris, it is recommended to remove or deep-plow dead cucurbit plant debris into the soil so it can fully decompose to lessen the likelihood of the pathogen overwintering. Keeping fields pruned and weed-free will help to control Gummy Stem Blight as overgrowth promotes poor air circulation and moisture from humidity, which support "D. bryoniae" germination and growth. If chemical control is needed in important cucurbit production regions, there are a variety of preventative fungicides commercially available that can be applied during the early stages of plant growth. Effective contact fungicides include chlorothalonil and mancozeb; effective systemic fungicides are Folicur®/Monsoon®, Inspire Super®, and Switch®. These fungicides should be applied around when the vines of different crops start to grow and make contact with each other

title: Phomopsis obscurans

text: "Phomopsis obscurans" is a common fungus found in strawberry plants, which causes the disease of leaf blight. Common symptoms caused by the pathogen begin as small circular reddish-purple spots and enlarge to form V-shaped lesions that follow the vasculature of the plant’s leaves. Although the fungus infects leaves early in the growing season when the plants are beginning to develop, leaf blight symptoms are most apparent on older plants towards the end of the growing season. The disease can weaken strawberry plants through the destruction of foliage, which results in reduced yields. In years highly favorable for disease development, leaf blight can ultimately lead to the death of the strawberry plants. A favorable environment for the growth and development of the "Phomopsis obscurans" pathogen is that of high temperature, high inoculum density, a long period of exposure to moisture, and immature host tissue. In the case of disease management, a conjunction of cultural practices is the most effective way of reducing the infection.

title: Fungicide use in the United States

text: Sheath blight, caused by the fungus "Rhizoctonia solani", is one of the deadlier diseases of rice. Up to 50% of southern United States rice could be infected with sheath blight each year. Unlike most infections it does not produce spores and instead must be spread from contact through plants, rainwater, or the soil. It is a resilient disease that can survive for years in the soil even when there is no rice crop present. Symptoms include lesions on the sheath of the plant, which feed off the nutrients within the plant. These lesions give rise to brown fungus balls which, if the plant dies from nutrient starvation, fall to the ground. The following season, heavy rains may allow the balls to float to other plants, which they can then infect. Primary yield loss is therefore attributable to plant death and lower yields from the surviving plants due to the nutrient loss. Yield losses can be as high as 42%. Research data has demonstrated that one application of azocystrobin at panicle differentiation can control sheath blight for almost the entire season.

title: Gummy stem blight

text:
Gummy Stem Blight is a cucurbit-rot disease caused by the fungal plant pathogen "Didymella bryoniae" (anamorph "Phoma cucurbitacearum").
Gummy Stem Blight can affect a host at any stage of growth in its development and affects all parts of the host including leaves, stems and fruits. Symptoms generally consist of circular dark tan lesions that blight the leaf, water soaked leaves, stem cankers, and gummy brown ooze that exudes from cankers, giving it the name Gummy Stem Blight. Gummy Stem Blight reduces yields of edible cucurbits by devastating the vines and leaves and rotting the fruits.

title: Blight

text: Blight refers to a specific sign affecting plants in response to infection by a pathogenic organism.

title: Blueberry shock virus

text:
Since "blueberry shock virus" is transmitted by pollen and readily dispersed by bees and other pollinators, it is difficult to control. Management strategies for "blueberry shock virus" are mainly aimed to prevent introduction and transmission of the virus to non-infected plants. A virus test is used to ensure that a nursery stock does not get infected. If plants are suspected to have the virus based off symptoms, growers are instructed to send in the symptomatic branches to a diagnostic lab for virus testing. ELISA or RT-PCR detects the virus from flower buds early in the season. Growers are instructed to watch for a rapid blight of flowers at bloom that is not caused by a spring freeze. "Blueberry shock virus" symptoms are identical to "blueberry scorch virus", Phomopsis twig blight and Botrytis blossom blight, so test suspicious plants immediately to ensure proper management of the disease. The grower can distinguish between these diseases by the scattered distribution of symptoms and the absence of fungal growth on blighted tissue on plants infected with blueberry shock virus. In addition, blueberry shock virus can be differentiated by its second flush of leaves later in the season.
If a plant is infected, there are two options for management. The first is to allow the virus to run its course. The plant will eventually recover and return to full production. This approach is common in regions where the disease is endemic. The second approach is to remove and burn the plant that is infected, to remove the source of inoculum. This approach is utilized in areas where the virus is not known to be present and if the infection is localized. Once the virus is present in a field, removal of infected plants based on symptoms or diagnostics will slow the spread of the virus but not completely prevent further spread. However, the disease cannot be eliminated just by removing plants that have visual symptoms of the disease. Sometimes a plant or whole field may be infected, but not show symptoms till months or years later. In this case, destruction of the entire field may be necessary in order to remove the virus. Chemical control may be utilized by using herbicides. Herbicides may be applied before the removal of plants to ensure that the root system of the plant will be killed. However, some leftover roots may produce suckers, so it is important to monitor the field for sucker development to ensure that all the disease is gone. If suckers are spotted, they can be killed by repeated cultivation or application of herbicides. Additionally, to reduce the spread and transmission of the virus, growers should not establish new plantings adjacent to infected fields or use planting stock from a field that is in remission.

title: American chestnut

text: American Chestnut Cooperators Foundation (ACCF) is not using Oriental genes for blight resistance, but intercrossing among American chestnuts selected for native resistance to the blight, a breeding strategy described by the ACCF as "All-American intercrosses." John Rush Elkins, a research chemist and professor emeritus of chemistry at Concord University, and Gary Griffin, professor of plant pathology at Virginia Tech, think there may be several different characteristics which favor blight resistance. Both Elkins and Griffin have written extensively about the American chestnut. They believe that by making intercrosses among resistant American chestnuts from many locations, they will continue to improve upon the levels of blight resistance to make an American chestnut that can compete in the forest. Griffin, who has been involved with American chestnut restoration for many years, developed a scale for assessing levels of blight resistance, which made it possible to make selections scientifically. He inoculated five-year-old chestnuts with a standard lethal strain of the blight fungus and measured growth of the cankers. Chestnuts with no resistance to blight make rapid-growing, sunken cankers that are deep and kill tissue right to the wood. Resistant chestnuts make slow-growing, swollen cankers that are superficial: live tissue can be recovered under these cankers. The level of blight resistance is judged by periodic measurement of cankers. Grafts from large survivors of the blight epidemic were evaluated following inoculations, and controlled crosses among resistant American chestnut trees were made beginning in 1980. The first "All-American intercrosses" were planted in Virginia Tech's Martin American Chestnut Planting in Giles County, Virginia, and in Beckley, West Virginia. They were inoculated in 1990 and evaluated in 1991 and 1992. Nine of the trees showed resistance equal to their parents, and four of these had resistance comparable to hybrids in the same test. Many ACCF chestnuts have expressed blight resistance equal to or greater than an original blight survivor but so far, only a handful have demonstrated superior, durable blight control. Time will tell if the progeny of these best chestnuts exhibit durable blight resistance in different stress environments.

title: Twig blight

text: A twig blight is a small, evil plant creature that looks like a woody shrub when rooted in soil. A twig blight has a thirst for blood, and when it moves about its leafless branches interlock to create a humanoid shape. A twig blight attacks with its claws that deliver a strength-draining poison.

title: Southern corn leaf blight

text: Because symptoms are a plant response and similar ones can be seen with other plant pathogens, "Bipolaris maydis" infection can be confirmed microscopically. The sign (actual pathogen presence) of SCLB is its conidia. They are visible under a microscope and are usually brown and tapered with round edges. Northern corn leaf blight often occurs when southern corn leaf blight is present, and lesions distinguish between the two. SCLB lesions are more parallel sided, lighter, and smaller in comparison to NCLB

title: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

text: Management of bacterial leaf blight is most commonly done by planting disease resistant rice plants. PSB Rc82 is the standard variety of rice used in Southeast Asia, and the use of this cultivar enables the harvest of an estimated 0.8 million metric tons of rice per cropping season that would have otherwise been lost to bacterial leaf blight. Macassane, a new variety released in 2011, has been shown to have improved resistance to bacterial leaf blight and is being used currently in Mozambique.

title: Rough for Theatre I

text: The work contains two biographical references of note. When Beckett returned to Ussy (where he wrote the first draft) he “was anxious to see how the young trees he had planted over the past three years were standing up to the cold weather.” This gets grafted into the play. “One of the two players enquires of the other: ‘How are the trees doing?’ The second replies: ‘It is difficult to say. We are in winter you know. They are all black and bare, the evergreens included. One would have to cut into them with a knife…” This gets truncated to: “How are the trees doing? / Hard to say. It’s winter you know.”

title: Blight (disambiguation)

text: Blight is a symptom affecting plants in response to infection.

title: Fusarium ear blight

text: Resistant cultivars could be the most efficient method to control Fusarium ear blight. Resistance breeding involves screening of plant lines subjected to artificial inoculation with "Fusarium". Plant lines having reduced fungal growth and low levels of seed mycotoxin contamination are selected for additional breeding trials. In parallel, genetic markers associated with resistance are screened for, so called marker-assisted selection. Fusarium ear blight resistance is a complex trait, involving several genes, and is dependent of interaction with the environment.

title: Halo blight

text: There are plenty of methods used to stop the spread of Halo blight. These methods include the use of foliar sprays, treatments of seeds, and resistant cultivars. Seeds that are sanitized from the previous year to show no bacterial signs can be planted without the worry of spreading the pathogen. Foliar sprays are the best ways to stop the secondary spread of Halo blight. Copper is the main component of the foliar sprays which are used to contain this pathogen. The Bordeaux mixture and streptomycin are two of the main foliar sprays that have shown results when treating Halo blight. Both of these sprays contain copper which is the most used element in anti-bacterial sprays. Resistance is a very important aspect to stopping the spread of Halo blight. The testing of field resistance has helped plant pathologists understand which cultivars can be helpful in defending against this disease. A resistant cultivar called Pse-2 had a high breeding value against multiple races of the pathogen. All of these actions can help eradicate this bacterial pathogen from spreading to more crop areas.

title: Didymella bryoniae

text: Gummy stem blight can be confused with anthracnose, which is caused by a fungal plant pathogen called "Colletotrichum lagenarium" . To distinguish between anthracnose and gummy stem blight, gummy stem blight leaf lesions are darker, target-like and less deteriorated than anthracnose lesions .

title: Pseudomonas viridiflava

text: To continue, the symptoms of this bacterial blight include spots and lesions on leaves, and rot of floral buds and flowers. The floral symptoms undergo changes throughout the seasons that ultimately end in the floral bud dying and falling off. These symptoms are found initially as brown and sunken spots on the green sepals of the vine that enclose the flower buds. The result is the flower buds begin to rot when unopened. If the buds do open and yield a yellow-orange color, rather than white, the flower turns brown rather quickly and dies. In addition, the anthers or male sexual parts of the flower can be destroyed in this disease causing an incomplete retraction of sepals. Regarding the leaves, symptoms are visible in later spring and are found on the lower leaves first. The lesions created are angular and gray on the lower leaves, and the lesions are surrounded with a yellow halo on the upper leaves. These lesions turn brown and can be a site for a secondary infection by a fungus or some other pathogen. All of this leads to abnormal fruit development on diseased plants which can create an economic problem for the grower. Fruit development is the largest economical concern when referring to this pathogen. Yield loss can become very high, reaching over 90% in orchards that have symptoms of this pathogen. When no symptoms are present, however, the plant is healthy and fruit development is normal. It is stated that it is very rare to find normal fruit development on plants with symptoms of bacterial blight showing how detrimental this disease and pathogen is.

title: Fire blight

text: Spraying plants with streptomycin or injecting plants with oxytetracycline can prevent new infections. The widespread use of streptomycin spray has led to antibiotic resistance in some areas, such as California and Washington. Certain biological controls consisting of beneficial bacteria or yeast can also prevent fire blight from infecting new trees. The only effective treatment for plants already infected is to prune off the affected branches and remove them from the area. Plants or trees should be inspected routinely for the appearance of new infections. The rest of the plant can be saved if the blighted wood is removed before the infection spreads to the roots. There is no known cure; prevention is the key.

title: Faubourg Lafayette

text: Other notable and recent developments include the New Orleans Jazz Museum taking residence on Oretha Castle Haley Blvd, the neighborhood’s most notable and main strip. The New Orleans Jazz Market, which is the home of the new Jazz Orchestra, will be moved to the vacant Gator’s Department Store spot. This new and improved space will include jazz archives and a “walk of fame.” Also, due to recent updates on the neighborhood website, the citizens are attempting to beautify the area. There is a blight and beautification committee dedicated to doing just that. The blight and beautification volunteers are in charge of making sure that there are no poisonous weeds or other plant life to the neighborhood. In addition, they are in charge of beautifying a specific part of the neighborhood, whether that means to plant trees or pick up garbage off the streets.

title: Chestnut blight

text: There are approximately 2,500 chestnut trees growing on 60 acres near West Salem, Wisconsin, which is the world's largest remaining stand of American chestnut. These trees are the descendants of those planted by Martin Hicks, an early settler in the area. In the late 1800s, Hicks planted fewer than a dozen chestnuts. Planted outside the natural range of American chestnut, these trees escaped the initial wave of infection by chestnut blight, but in 1987, scientists found blight also in this stand. Scientists are working to try to save the trees. There is a program to bring American chestnut back to the Eastern forest and funded by the American Chestnut Foundation, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, USDA Forest Service, West Virginia University, Michigan State University, and Cornell University.

title: Cochliobolus victoriae

text: Victoria type oats contain the "Pc-2" gene which confers resistance against crown rust caused by the fungus "Puccinia coronate". However, the oats that contained this gene are susceptible to Victoria blight. This is because the gene LOV1, which is part of the crown rot resistance, is responsible for susceptibility to Victoria blight. "Cochliobolus victoriae" produces the toxin victorin. Victorin only effects plants that contain the LOV1 gene, causing these plants to develop Victoria blight.

title: Forever Evil: Blight

text: Zauriel proceeds to attack Blight, before being defeated as well. He joins Phantom Stranger and Pandora in the collective unconscious, as both created the illusion that they died. The group finds the human, Chris, located within Blight's heart. When Pandora tries to free him as a way to weaken Blight, she is stopped by Zauriel. Telling the two that there are bigger plans for Chris, Zauriel continues to fight a part of Blight as the Phantom Stranger and Pandora work to help Chris. Back in the material world, Deadman and Swamp Thing distract Blight as Constantine and Nightmare Nurse conjure the Blackmare Curse, to unleash their personal "blights". In doing so, they attempt to fight evil with evil and are able to weaken Blight before Nightmare Nurse stops Constantine from killing Blight to save Chris, reverting to their normal selves. As Blight begins to merge the conscious with the unconscious, a bright light envelops him and he disappears. In his place, a transformed Chris appears in his true nature - the embodied spirit of redemption. He states that with the help of Constantine's group, he was able to lock Blight back in the collective unconscious, and sets out to begin redeeming the world. With Blight gone, so is the psychic static that originally prevented Constantine from finding Zatanna and the others, and he is able to locate them.

title: Trstenik, Dubrovnik-Neretva County

text:
Trstenik's historical facts are connected closely to the European Phylloxera vine event.
The 'Great French Wine Blight' was a severe blight of the mid-19th century that destroyed many of the vineyards in France
and laid to waste the wine industry. The transfer of American vines and plants into Europe greatly increased
between roughly 1858 and 1862, and this is how the Phylloxera was accidentally introduced to Europe around 1860.
It is believed that the introduction of the blight-causing Phylloxera was not a problem before the advent of steamships,
which were faster and hence allowed the Phylloxera to survive the quicker ocean voyage.

title: American chestnut

text: Backcrossing as a treatment for blight was first proposed by Dr. Charles R. Burnham of the University of Minnesota in the 1970s. Dr. Burnham, a Professor Emeritus in agronomy and plant genetics who was considered one of the pioneers of maize genetics, realized that experiments conducted by the USDA to cross-breed American chestnuts with European and Asian chestnuts erroneously assumed that a large number of genes were responsible for blight resistance, while it is currently believed the number of responsible genes is low. The USDA abandoned their cross-breeding program and destroyed local plantings around 1960 after failing to produce a blight-resistant hybrid. Burnham's recognition of the USDA's error led to him joining with others to create The American Chestnut Foundation in 1983, with the sole purpose of breeding a blight-resistant American chestnut. The American Chestnut Foundation is backcrossing blight-resistant Chinese chestnut into American chestnut trees, to recover the American growth characteristics and genetic makeup, and then finally intercrossing the advanced backcross generations to eliminate genes for susceptibility to blight. The first backcrossed American chestnut tree, called "Clapper", survived blight for 25 years, and grafts of the tree have been used by The American Chestnut Foundation since 1983. The Pennsylvania chapter of The American Chestnut Foundation, which seeks to restore the American chestnut to the forests of the Mid-Atlantic states, has planted over 22,000 trees.

title: Taro leaf blight

text: Taro Leaf Blight (Phytophthora colocasiae) is a highly infectious plant disease that is characterized by the formation of large brown lesions on the leaves of infected taro plants. Lesions are the result of oomycetes leaching nutrients out of the leaves via haustoria to create white powdery rings of sporangia. This pathogen grows best in high humidity and high rainfall environments offering the pathogen means of dispersal via rain splash as well as a warm humid environment that favors hyphal growth across the infected plant. The Taro Leaf Blight epidemic of Samoa in 1993 is an example of extreme devastation this plant pathogen can cause if preventative measures are not used to control spread and symptoms.

title: Mountain Lake Wilderness Cluster

text: In the early 20th century the forest was dominated by chestnut trees to the extent that the forest was characterized as "oak-chestnut", but by 1930 most of these trees had been infected by chestnut blight. The root system of blight killed trees still produces sprouts but they do not get much larger than an inch in diameter before succumbing to the blight. A large number of hemlock trees are threatened by the woolly adelgid that arrived in 2000. Efforts are underway to introduce beetle predators known to feed on the woolly adelgid.

title: Blight

text: Blight is a rapid and complete chlorosis, browning, then death of plant tissues such as leaves, branches, twigs, or floral organs.[1] Accordingly, many diseases that primarily exhibit this symptom are called blights. Several notable examples are:

title: How Do I Get Close

text: "How Do I Get Close" was first released on the Kinks' album "UK Jive". "UK Jive" failed to make an impression on fans and critics alike, as the album failed to chart in the UK and only reached No. 122 in America. However, despite the failure of the album and the lead UK single, "Down All the Days (Till 1992)", "How Do I Get Close" was released as the second British single from the album, backed with "Down All the Days (Till 1992)". The single failed to chart. The single was also released in America (backed with "War is Over"), where, although it did not chart on the "Billboard" Hot 100, it hit No. 21 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, the highest on that chart since "Working At The Factory" in 1986. "How Do I Get Close" also appeared on the compilation album "Lost & Found (1986-1989)".

title: Pantoea agglomerans

text: Research has shown that "Pantoea agglomerans" can serve as a plant pathogen competitor for the management of plant diseases. Fire blight, a plant disease caused by bacterium "Erwinia amylovora," is commonly found in pear and apple crops. After coming in contact with "Erwinia amylovora", "Pantoea agglomerans" produces antibiotic properties that are toxic to the fire blight-inducing bacterium. It has been identified that it is possible that habitat modification or exclusion may also play a role in the effectiveness of the antibiosis of the fire blight biological control.