query: In what city did Abel Posse grow up?

title: Abel Posse

text: Abel Parentini Posse was born on 7 January 1934, in the Argentine city of Córdoba where he only lived the first two years of his life.[1] Two years after birth the family moved to the capital city of Buenos Aires due to his father's work commitments. His mother, Elba Alicia Posse, belonged to the creole landed oligarchy of Galician descent who held vast sugar mill estates in the North West province of Tucuman. Amongst the influential members of the Posse clan in the 19th century, the liberal Julio Argentino Roca stands out, twice president of the republic from 1880 to 1886 and also 1898 to 1904 (3). Posse fictionalized 19th century Tucuman in his novel El inquietante día de la vida (2001), where two distant family relatives are the protagonists; his maternal great-grandfather, Felipe Segundo Posse, and Julio Victor Posse, patron of the arts in the sugar producing province until the 1940s.

title: Bereshit (parsha)

text:
Reading the words of "And Cain spoke to Abel his brother," a Midrash imagined the subject of their discussion. The Midrash taught that they divided the world between them. The first took the land and the second took the movables. The first told the second that he was standing on the first's land. The second retorted that the first was wearing the second's clothes. The second told the first to strip off his clothes. The first retorted that the second should fly off his ground. Out of this quarrel, as reports, "Cain rose up against his brother Abel." Rabbi Joshua of Siknin said in Rabbi Levi's name, however, that Cain and Abel quarreled because one said that the Temple would have to be built in his area, while the other claimed that it would have to be built in his. For says, "And it came to pass, when they were in the field," and "field" refers to the Temple, as equates the two when it says, "Zion (that is, the Temple) shall be plowed as a field." Out of this argument (in the words of ), "Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him." Judah the son of Rabbi, however, said that their quarrel was about the first Eve. But Rabbi Aibu said that the first Eve had by then returned to dust. Rav Huna taught that Cain and Abel quarreled over an additional twin daughter who was born with Abel, whom each brother claimed for his own. Cain said that he would have her, because he was the firstborn, while Abel maintained that he would have to have her, because she was born with him.
Reading the words of "And Cain rose up against his brother Abel," Rabbi Johanan taught that Abel was stronger than Cain, for the expression "rose up" implies that Cain lay beneath Abel (as if they had already fought and Abel had thrown Cain down). From the ground, Cain asked Abel what he would tell their father if Abel killed him. At this, Abel was filled with pity for Cain and relented, and immediately Cain rose against Abel and killed him. Out of that incident was born the proverb, "Do not do good to an evil man, then evil will not befall you."

title: The Last Outlaw (1993 film)

text: Wills (McGinley) grabs the stolen money off Eustis' horse and rides back to leave it for the posse, believing this gesture will end the chase. When McClintock rides up to the spot on the hill where Wills leaves the money, Graff follows and throws both the money and the banker off the cliff. He then fires his guns to make it seem like there has been a shootout with the outlaws, and he tells the posse the situation had been a trap. Graff stands by as the posse engages in an internal shootout over what to do next. While Potts (Levine) is giving Wills a beating for his action concerning the money, it becomes clear that the deed did not 'save their skins', as Lovecraft (David) spots Graff and his remaining riders coming toward them. Eustace and Graff meet in an isolated saloon, but no peace is brokered. Graff says that Eustace owes him 'everything.'

title: Abel Posse

text: Página oficial de Abel Posse: Sáinz de Medrano, Luis (coord.), Abel Posse. Semana de author, AECI: Madrid, 1997. Abel Posse en la Audiovdeoteca de Buenos Aires: Aínsa, Fernando, La nueva novela histórica latinoamericana, México: Plural, 1996, p.82-85. Aracil Varón, Beatriz, Abel Posse: de la crónica al mito de América, Cuadernos de América sin nombre n.º 9, Universidad de Alicante, 2004. Esposto, Roberto, Peregrinaje a los Orígenes. “Civilización y barbarie” en las novelas de Abel Posse, New México: Research University Press, 2005. Esposto, Roberto, Abel Posse. Senderos de un caminante solitario. Buenos Aires: Biblos, 2013. Filer, Malva, «La visión de América en la Obra de Abel Posse», en Spiller, Roland (Ed.), La novela Argentina de los años 80, Lateinamerika Studien, Erlangen, vol. 29, 1991, p.99-117. Lojo, María Rosa, «Poéticas del viaje en la Argentina actual», en Kohut, Karl (Ed.), Literaturas del Río de la Plata hoy. De las utopías al desencanto, Madrid-Frankfurt, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 1996, p.135-143. Magras, Romain, «L’intellectuel face à la célébration du (bi)centenaire de la Nation argentine. Regards croisés sur les figures de Leopoldo Lugones et Abel Posse», en Regards sur deux siècles d’indépendance: significations du bicentenaire en Amérique Latine, Cahiers ALHIM, n.º 19, Université Paris 8, 2010, p.205-220. Maturo, Graciela, «Interioridad e Historia en El largo atardecer del caminante de Abel Posse», en América: recomienzo de la Historia. La lectura auroral de la Historia en la novela hispanoamericana, Buenos Aires: Biblos, 2010, p.87-100. Menton, Seymour, «La denuncia del poder. Los perros del paraíso», en La nueva novela histórica, México: FCE, 1993, p.102-128. Pons, María Cristina, «El secreto de la historia y el regreso de la novela histórica», en Historia crítica de la literatura Argentina. La narración gana la partida, Buenos Aires, Emecé Editores, 2000, p.97-116. Pulgarín Cuadrado, Amalia, «La reescritura de la historia: Los perros del paraíso de Abel Posse», en Metaficción historiográfica en la narrativa hispánica posmodernista, Madrid: Fundamentos, 1995, p.57-106. Sáinz de Medrano, Luis, «Abel Posse, la búsqueda de lo absoluto», Anales de literatura hispanoamericana, n.º 21, Editorial Complutense, Madrid, 1992, p.467-480. Sánchez Zamorano, J.A., Aguirre: la cólera de la historia. Aproximación a la «nueva novela latinoamericana» a través de la narrativa de Abel Posse, Universidad de Sevilla, 2002. Vega, Ana María, «Daimón, de Abel Posse. Un camino hacia la identidad latinoamericana», Los Andes, Mendoza, 9 de enero de 1990, p.3-4. Waldegaray, Marta Inés, «La experiencia de la escritura en la novelística de Abel Posse», en Travaux et Documents, n.º 22, Université Paris 8, 2003, p.117-132.

title: House Made of Dawn

text: Ben puts Abel on a train back to the reservation and narrates what has happened to Abel in Los Angeles. Life had not been easy for Abel in the city. First, he was ridiculed by Reverend Tosamah during a poker game with the Indian group. Abel is too drunk to fight back. He remains drunk for the next two days and misses work. When he returns to his job, the boss harasses him and Abel quits. A downward spiral begins and Abel continues to get drunk every day, borrow money from Ben and Milly, and laze around the apartment. Fed up with Abel's behavior, Ben throws him out of the apartment. Abel then seeks revenge on Martinez, a corrupt policeman who robbed Ben one night and hit Abel across the knuckles with his big stick. Abel finds Martinez and is almost beaten to death. While Abel is in the hospital recovering, Ben calls Angela who visits him and revives his spirit, just as he helped revive her spirit years ago, by reciting a story about a bear and a maiden which incidentally matches an old Navajo myth.

title: Las Vegas Posse

text: Despite the Posse's failure, the Posse was the first attempt by one of the major professional sports leagues in North America to place a team in Las Vegas proper. The city only grew to major size in the 1980s, and even after that most major leagues traditionally avoided it due in part to Las Vegas's gambling reputation. Future professional football leagues would emulate this, with the XFL's Las Vegas Outlaws, the Arena League's Las Vegas Sting, Las Vegas Gladiators and Las Vegas Outlaws, and the UFL's Las Vegas Locomotives all residing in the city. The XFL Outlaws and Locomotives did somewhat better drawing fans to Sam Boyd Stadium than the Posse did, although both experienced steep declines as the years went on (to the point where the Locomotives were drawing fewer than the Posse by the end of their run). They also had better on-field performance, particularly the Locomotives, who played in all three championship games and won two of them. Las Vegas was also briefly considered by Major League Baseball as a potential new home for the Montreal Expos (who were soon to relocate) but in the end they would move to Washington to become the Washington Nationals, in 2016 however Rob Manfred (current Commissioner of the MLB) said the city was a "viable alternative" for a potential expansion team.

title: Abel Posse

text: Amongst his teachers, the orientalist philosopher Vicente Fatone stands out as an influential figure, awakening in Posse an interest in esoteric philosophy which is evident in several of his novels, especially in Los demonios ocultos and El viajero de Agartha. In 1943, at age 13, Posse launched himself into his first literary project (never completed), a novel set in imperial Rome. (11)

title: Abel Posse

text: Buenos Aires (since 2004) After his retirement, Posse's commitment to the anti-Kirchner opposition increased. In very critical and controversial newspaper columns he linked the president and his supporters to extreme left wing militant movements of the 1970s, and he also opposed the restart of trials against the military, and the government's policy of collective memory which he labelled as incomplete. He increased his round of conferences on the state of the nation, and he supported the presidential candidacy of Eduardo Duhalde in 2007, when he was also senate candidate for the City of Buenos Aires in Roberto Lavagna's ticket. In 2005 his published En letra grande, a collection of literary essays and reflections on intellectuals close to him and who he considers as influential. He also published in 2006 a series of political essays under the title, La santa locura de los argentinos, which was a best-seller, where he attempts to map the Argentine question by focusing his analysis from colonial times to the last century in order to make a call for a citizen lead national consensus. In October 2009 he published Cuando muere el hijo, a testimonial novel where the narrators A and S experience the suicide of Ivan, and they try to come to terms with their son's decision. Later they undertake a journey of internal and external initiation when they travel from Paris to Tel-Aviv, and make a stop-over in Miletus, the city of the pre-Socratic philosopher Anaximander of Miletus. Toward the end of 2009 Posse accepted the appointment of Minister of Education of the City of Buenos Aires offered by Mauricio Macri, which had been left vacant by Mariano Narodowski. Posse took office a day after having published a controversial article in the daily La Nación, titled “Criminality and cowardice”, where he declared that rock music dumbed down the young, and he judged as ineffective law and order measures of the President, while demanding stronger measures against criminals. He also rejected the reopening of trials against members of the military regime, and reiterated his accusations against Kirchner for his ideological proximity to the 1970s militant left-wing movements. (40) His appointment and this opinion piece triggered a wave of protests by unions and students, from the rock-music scene and web based social networks, to sections of the media, such as Página 12, who accused Posse of having had close ties with previous dictatorship and of asserting that most of his diplomatic career had taken place during the last military junta, which had been first aired by Miguel Bonasso in his 2003 column referred to earlier. In fact, one of the most notorious henchmen of the military who coincidentally was on trial during those days, Benjamin Menendez, paraphrased a few sentences from Posse's article which was taken up by the media tarnishing Posse's image even further. Given such circumstances, Posse resigned 11 days into his new posting. In 2011 he published Noche de lobos, based on the written account of a Montonero female leader who had been held captive and tortured at the ESMA (Navy School of Mechanics) and who had fallen in love with her torturer. This work delves into the conflicts between the urban guerrillas and the military, and both are portrayed as the protagonists of murderous acts of savagery. It recounts the acts of torture suffered by this woman in this clandestine detention centre, and how she falls prey to the so-called “Stockholm syndrome”, where tortured and torturer fall in love with each other. This novel also has an autobiographical focus, as it reveals how this female guerrilla fighter while she was a captive at the hands of the military had given her typed account to Posse of her story in the early 1980s while he was in the Argentine embassy in Paris. (42) Since his resignation as Minister of Education of Buenos Aires, Abel Posse continues to live in this city, where he gives conferences, especially on Sarmiento's education legacy, and where he publishes frequently in Perfil and La Nación. He remains critical of the Kirchner policies and concerned about the future of the country. Since November 2012, Abel Posse is an elected numbered member of the Argentine Academy of Letters (43), having taken the place of the late Rafael Obligado. In May 2014 he became an elected numbered member of the National Academy of Education taking the numbered chair Bartolome Mitre.

title: Abel Posse

text: Abel Posse's only son, Ivan, was born in Moscow in January 1967. At this time in the Russian capital he also finished writing his first novel, Los bogavantes, set in Paris and Seville, centered on a trio of characters, two of whom are students and one a Foreign Service employee, embodying the ideological tensions of the early 1960s. This neo-realist novel played an important part in his literary career. Under the pseudonym of Arnaut Daniel, Posse submitted it to the 1968 Planeta Prize. It featured amongst the four finalists, and although it had been virtually declared the winner by the judges José Manuel de Lara and Baltasar Porcel, under Francoist pressure the judges had to overturn their decision, due to some charged erotic scenes, but above all because of its critical and ironical references to the regime's military. Once it had been published in 1970 by Editorial Brújula in Argentina, thanks to the support of Ernesto Sabato and Posse's father, and after it received the Sash of Honour of the SADE, Los bogavantes was later published in Barcelona in 1975 where it was the object of Francoist censorship. All 5000 copies were purged of two pages which ridiculed the masculinity of army officers. This singular publishing episode (22) brought him under the attention of those who were the leading literary publishers of the time, Carlos Barral and Carmen Balcells; the latter would become his literary agent.

title: Abel Posse

text: The novelist's father, Ernesto Parentini, a porteño of Italian parents, was one of the founders of Artistas Argentinos Asociados and was the producer of the legendary feature film La guerra gaucha (1942), based on the text by the poet Leopoldo Lugones. The young Abel Posse grew up in the Argentine capital near Rivadavia street, and given his father's profession was exposed to the artistic and cultural milieu this most sophisticated of the South American capitals had to offer. The “Queen of the River Plate”, as Buenos Aires came to be known, fascinated the young man, (4) and his memories are evoked in his novel Los demonios ocultos (1987). He was able to mingle with the glamorous stars of Argentine show business, like Chas de Cruz, Pierina Dealessi, Ulises Petit de Murat, Muñoz Azpiri, the writer of radioplays which were performed by Eva Duarte (de Perón), as well as the tango composers Aníbal Troilo and Homero Manzi. Such were the family connections to show business that one of his aunts, Esmeralda Leiva de Heredia, better known as “La Jardín”, was an actress friend of Eva Duarte. (5) Growing up in this environment enabled him to obtain an almost encyclopaedic knowledge of the tango repertoire and its culture, (6) which imbues his novel La reina del Plata (1988).

title: What Katy Did

text: Two sequels follow Katy as she grows up: "What Katy Did at School" and "What Katy Did Next". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—"Clover" and "In the High Valley". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online.

title: What the Daisy Said

text: The gypsy flees through the field of daisies as a growing mob of farmhands set out looking for him. After passing through an overgrown field and over the brook, the gypsy arrives at the orchard. Martha, unaware of his wrongdoing, yields to his pleading and successfully conceals him in a barrel underneath potatoes she empties out of a bushel basket. After the farmhand posse passes, and just as Father is recovering with the help of Millie and a passerby at the waterfall, the gypsy emerges from the barrel and bids the jilted Martha a hasty and perfunctory farewell. The posse eventually catch up with the gypsy back at the fortuneteller's wagon, where they warn him in no uncertain terms to leave town, which he does with a bindle over his shoulder. The dejected Martha, sitting on some wooden steps leading up from the road, looks up to find the posse marching the gypsy out of town. She wanders off to the vegetable patch where she finds solace in the arms of the lanky farmhand she had rejected earlier. The film concludes in the field of daisies where Millie abandons another round of petal plucking to walk off arm-in-arm with a strapping farmhand who appears out of the blue.

title: Abel Posse

text: Abel Parentini Posse carried out uninterrupted diplomatic duties for the Argentine Foreign Service from 1966 until 2004. After his studies in Law at the University of Buenos Aires and political sciences at La Sorbonne in Paris, Posse returned to Buenos Aires where he worked as a lawyer for several years. He entered the Foreign Service through entrance exams in 1965. His initial postings were to the Argentine embassy in Moscow (1966–1969) and Lima (1969-1970); he was later Consul General in Venice (1973–1979) and then director of the Argentine Cultural Centre in Paris (1981–1985), and then posted to the embassy in Tel-Aviv (1985–1988). President Carlos Saul Menem conferred him the title of Ambassador in 1990, which he carried out in Czechoslovakia (1990–1992), the Czech Republic (1992–1996), Peru (1998–2000), Denmark (2000–2002), at UNESCO (2002) and Spain (2002–2004). In 1994 he was honoured with the Konex-Prize Merit Diploma.

title: List of Abell clusters

text: The Abell catalogue is a catalogue of approximately 4,000 galaxy clusters with at least 30 members, almost complete to a redshift of "z" = 0.2. It was originally compiled by the American astronomer George O. Abell in 1958 using plates from POSS, and extended to the southern hemisphere by Abell, Corwin and Olowin in 1987. The name "Abell" is also commonly used as a designation for objects he compiled in a catalogue of 86 planetary nebulae in 1966. The proper designation for the galaxy clusters is ACO, as in "ACO 13", while the planetary-nebula designation is the single letter A, as in "A 39".

title: The Wild Bunch

text: Thornton finally catches up. He allows the remaining members of the posse to take the bullet-riddled bodies of the gang members back and collect the reward, while electing to stay behind, knowing what awaits the posse. After a period, Sykes arrives with a band of the previously seen Mexican rebels, who have killed off what's left of the posse along the way. Sykes asks Thornton to come along and join the revolution. Thornton smiles and rides off with them.

title: Abel Posse

text: Waldemer, Thomas, «Tyranny, writing and memory in Abel Posse’s Daimón», en Cincinnati Romance Review, Cincinnati, OH, 1997, n.º 16, p.1-7.

title: Abel Posse

text: Since his retirement from the Argentine Foreign Service and his return to Argentina in 2004, Posse became an ardent critic of the policies of Nestor Kirchner and his wife Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, former President of Argentina, both in his opinion pieces in the press as well as in political activities. In 2007 he backed the presidential candidature of Eduardo Duhalde, while in the same year he was a candidate in the senate ticket of Roberto Lavagna for the City of Buenos Aires. Toward the end of 2009, he was named Minister of Education of the City of Buenos Aires by Mauricio Macri (newly elected President of the country), replacing Mariano Narodwski. His posting caused a scandal due to a controversial piece he published on 10 December in La Nación (1). In this article, not only did he judge the Kirchner policies as inefficient in relation to law and order issues, but Posse also accused the Kirchners of ideological closeness to the armed left-wing militants of the 1970s (an ideology he has rejected in many of his texts) and of only telling one side of the story of the last military dictatorship. This text ignited a wave of protests in broad sectors of the left, including union and student organizations, as well as in social media, and in various newspaper outlets such as Página 12, who insisted that part of his diplomatic career had been under the watch of the previous military dictatorship. Given the intensity of these protests, Posse resigned from this post 11 days after his appointment.

title: Abell catalogue

text:
The Abell catalog, and especially its clusters, are of interest to amateur astronomers as challenge objects to be viewed in dark locations on large aperture amateur telescopes.
The original catalog of 2,712 rich clusters of galaxies was published in 1958 by George O. Abell (1927–1983), who was then studying at the California Institute of Technology. The catalog, which formed part of Abell's PhD thesis, was prepared by means of a visual inspection of the red 103a-E plates of the Palomar Sky Survey (POSS), for which Abell was one of the principal observers. A. G. Wilson, another of the principal observers, assisted Abell in the initial stages of the survey by routinely inspecting the plates as they were produced. After the completion of the survey, Abell went over the plates again and carried out a more detailed inspection. In both cases inspection was made with a 3.5× magnifying lens.

title: Indian Will

text: A posse of neighbors and relatives took up the pursuit hoping they might rescue the prisoners. When the Indians and prisoners were discovered the posse did not attack as they found the Indians outnumbered them. Therefore, they played a waiting game to see what the Indians intended to do. When the Indians broke council they started westward. One Indian did not go with them. No one knows why. Was it that he wanted to try to learn what further plans the whites had intended to take, or was it because he had no desire to leave the mountain, valleys and streams that were his home and loved so much?

title: Brothers of the Wind

text: As both Abel and his brother grow their new pair of wings, Lukas tries to help Abel fly. Eventually Abel starts to soar in the air. Lukas decides to spend that night in his old house. Next day, however, Abel is missing. Lukas then sees Abel fly around. Abel perches on top of a rock, but as Lukas tries to reach Abel, Abel flies away, making Lukas sad. Danzer tries to comfort Lukas by saying Abel only wants to experience the wild, but confesses he doesn't really know what will be of Abel.

title: Miss America (Saving Abel album)

text: Saving Abel frontman Jared Weeks said fans will hear "a much more mature band" with the release of "Miss America," ."We've been out on the road for three years," Weeks told Billboard.com, "but what we did was any time we had a day off somewhere, we'd fly down to Nashville and write a song or two, then fly right out and do a show. So we're out on the road and experiencing things, so it was easy to have stuff to write about. I'm super-confident this album is gonna back up our first album," 2008's gold-certified "Saving Abel."

title: Long Grove, Iowa

text: A major incident in the city's history took place in December 1921, with the robbery of the Stockman's Savings Bank. Stories varied on what happened, but what is known for sure is that the two suspects were killed by a posse immediately after they attempted to hold up the bank.

title: Posse (horse)

text: Posse reappeared in the St James's Palace Stakes at Royal Ascot in June. Shortly before the race a half-share in the colt was sold for $1 million to the Derisley Wood Stud, despite the fact that he was still a maiden after four races. At Ascot he was again opposed by Last Fandango and Final Straw, but the lightly-raced Dalsaan was made the odds-on favourite, with Posse starting the 11/2 third choice in the betting. Eddery rode the colt with great confidence, restraining him towards the back of the field and he was still only in fifth place with a furlong and a half to run. Posse then moved up on the outside, and produced what Timeform described as a "dazzling turn of speed" to overtake Final Straw well inside the final furlong and win very easily by one and a half lengths. In the Sussex Stakes at Goodwood Racecourse in July, Posse was matched against older horses for the first time, but Final Straw appeared to be his most serious opponent and he was made the 8/13 favourite. Eddery again held the colt up for a late challenge but in the straight he appeared unlikely to obtain a clear run as he was trapped on the inside. In the closing stages Posse was switched to the outside and again produced a striking burst of acceleration to catch Final Straw in the last stride and win by a head. There was considerable anticipation of a race between Posse and either Known Fact or Kris the leading miler of 1979, both of whom had missed the summer with training problems. Shortly after his win at Goodwood however, Posse contracted a respiratory infection from which he failed to recover sufficiently for him to take part in the major autumn races. He did not run again and was retired to the Derisley Wood Stud.

title: Cain and Abel

text: According to another tradition, the devil appeared to Cain and instructed him how to exact revenge on Abel. "Hit Abel's head with a stone and kill him", whispered the devil to Cain. After the murder, the devil hurried to Eve shouting: "Eve! Cain has murdered Abel!". Eve did not know what murder was or how death felt like. She asked, bewildered and horrified, "Woe to you! What is murder?". "He [Abel] does not eat. He does not drink. He does not move [That's what murder and death are]", answered the Devil. Eve burst out into tears and started to wail madly. She ran to Adam and tried to tell him what happened. However, she could not speak because she could not stop wailing. Since then, women wail brokenheartedly when a loved one dies. A different tradition narrates that while Cain was quarreling with Abel, the devil killed an animal with a stone in Cain's sight to show him how to murder Abel.

title: Abel Posse

text: Abel Posse is a regular contributor to the liberal-conservative daily La Nación in Buenos Aires, as well as other Argentine dailies (Perfil, La Gaceta de Tucumán) and Spanish papers (ABC, El Mundo and El País). He has also been editor in chief of the Revista Argentina de Estudios Estratégicos (Argentine Journal of Strategic Studies). His journalistic publications include some 400 articles, many have been published in his collection of socio-political essays, such as, Argentina, el gran viraje (2000), El eclipse argentino. De la enfermedad colectiva al renacimiento (2003) and La santa locura de los Argentina (2006), Sobrevivir Argentina (2014) and Réquiem por la política (2015). His literary and more strictly philosophical reflections have been collected in En letra grande (2005). In many of these texts Posse celebrates the glorious past of Argentina where he expounds on his desire that in the 21st century his country may resume its destiny as a great nation in the continental and international sphere, and that it take a greater role in Mercosur and in wider projects of regional integration. As a Peronist, Posse has worked with Eduardo Duhalde in the consolidation of Mercosur.

title: Abel Posse

text: Martín Heidegger, El sendero del campo, traducción de Sabine Langenheim y Abel Posse, Rosario: Editorial La Ventana, 1979, 58 p.

title: Hans Posse

text: A year later, on 20 June 1939, Hitler summoned Posse to his summer home, the "Berghof", and told him that he wanted Posse to be the head of what would be perhaps the most massive art acquisition project in history, the gathering of paintings and other art works for Hitler's planned art museum in Linz, Austria, the city Hitler considered to be his hometown. What came to be called the "Führermuseum" – which was never built – was to be the core of a cultural center which was part of a general rebuilding of the city intended to have it surpass Vienna and rival Budapest. Posse's job would be to supplement Hitler's own previously purchased collection of mostly 19th century Germanic Romantic paintings. According to Posse's diary, Hitler told him that the museum would contain "only the best of all periods from the prehistoric beginnings of art ... to the nineteenth century and recent time," and the works were to be obtained both by purchase and by confiscation. "You are ... to deal only with me. I shall make the decisions," Posse was told.

title: Davy Crockett (outlaw)

text: Finally, Sheriff Rinehart had had enough of Crockett and Heffron so he formed a posse of three men, including himself, to go after them. The other men in the posse were locals; a rancher named Joseph Holbrook and the town postmaster, John McCullough. All three were armed with double-barreled shotguns. On September 30, 1876, the posse took up concealed positions near a barn where Crockett and Heffron usually left their horses. At about 9:00 PM, Crockett and Heffron were approaching the barn on horseback when the posse confronted them. Holbrook called out for them to put their hands up, but, instead of complying, Crockett dared his antagonist to fire, which he did.

title: Abel Posse

text: Abel Parentini Posse, best known as Abel Posse (Córdoba, Argentina, January 7, 1934), is an Argentine novelist, essayist, poet, career diplomat and politician.

title: Erwin Leonard Guy Abel

text: In Abel's retirement he maintained his athletic endeavours (i.e. competitive cross-country running and marathon running). Both him and his wife, Jean, also continued to breed, raise, and race thoroughbreds. In addition to Abel's other activities, he enjoyed growing and maintaining an organic vegetable garden; he served as a member of the Soil and Health Association of New Zealand. Abel even took up practising yoga for relaxation and to sustain mental vitality.


query: When was Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai get released?

title: Haganai

text: Haganai(はがない), short for Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai(僕は友達が少ない, literally "I Don't Have Many Friends"),[note 1] is a Japanese light novel series written by Yomi Hirasaka, illustrated by Buriki, and published by Media Factory. It has been given several manga adaptations; the first incarnation, its title and basic plot unchanged, began serialization in 2010; it was written and illustrated by Itachi and published in Monthly Comic Alive. A retelling of the series, written by Misaki Harukawa and illustrated by Shuichi Taguchi and called Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai+ was published in Jump SQ.19. A 12-episode anime adaptation by AIC Build aired in Japan between October and December 2011. An original video animation episode was released on September 26, 2012. A second anime season, Haganai NEXT, aired between January and March 2013. A live-action film adaptation was released on February 1, 2014.

title: Boku wa Kuma

text: "Boku wa Kuma" was her first try at writing a children's song. On October 1, 2006, it aired on the children's music program Minna no Uta on radio, and on TV the day after. Due to strong demand, the song had been planned for continuous rebroadcasting from October 2006 to January 2007 on Minna no Uta.

title: List of Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru chapters

text: The chapters of the manga series Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru were written and illustrated by Kotomi Aoki. Originally serialized in "Shōjo Comic", the individual chapters were collected and published in ten "tankōbon" volumes by Shogakukan, with the first volume released May 26, 2003; the last volume was published on August 26, 2008. The story focuses on fraternal twins Yori and Iku, who fall in love with one another despite being siblings and struggle to deal with their illicit relationship.

title: List of Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru characters

text: This article lists the characters from the Japanese visual novel and anime series "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru", and its sequels.

title: Boku wa Kuma

text: Utada performed an impromptu performance of "Boku wa Kuma" at the Boston show of her 2010 tour, .

title: Otakebi Boy Wao! / Tomodachi wa Tomodachi Nanda!

text: The single was Berryz' third double A-side single.

title: Haganai

text: A visual novel, Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai Portable, was developed by Namco Bandai Games for the PlayStation Portable and released on February 23, 2012.[36]

title: Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

text: The original title uses the kanji , which means "virgin", but is very close to the word for "young lady", "shōjo". The creators added furigana subscript to indicate they wanted it read "otome" meaning "young maiden". Additionally, furigana was added above to indicate that they wanted it read "boku". Despite the different kanji, the official reading is "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru". When the game was ported to the PlayStation 2, it was rewritten as with the same pronunciation of "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru", which uses the actual kanji. The latter name was kept for the manga and anime releases.

title: Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

text: According to a national ranking of how well bishōjo games sold nationally in Japan, the "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru" limited edition Windows release premiered at number two in the rankings. The limited edition achieved a ranking of four out of 50 in the ranking for the next two weeks. The regular edition Windows release premiered at number six in the rankings, and stayed in the top 50 for a month and a half until mid-April 2005. The regular edition was again in the rankings for May 2005, managing to rank in at 38 and 49. The "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru" Windows edition playable as a DVD premiered at number 13 in the rankings and stayed at that rank for the next listing. The DVD edition ranked twice more over the next month: the first at 43 and the last at 33. From May to June 2010, "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru: Futari no Elder" ranked third in national PC game pre-orders in Japan. "Futari no Elder" ranked second in terms of national sales of PC games in Japan in June 2010.

title: Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

text: "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru" is the fourth visual novel developed by Caramel Box. The scenario is written by Aya Takaya, and this was the first time Takaya was staffed on a Caramel Box game. Art direction and character design is done by Norita, who was staffed on Caramel Box's debut release "Blue" as an artist. The super deformed illustrations featured in "Otoboku" were drawn by the game illustrator Yoda. The music was composed by the music team Zizz Studio.

title: Haganai

text: The first Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai manga series, written and illustrated by Itachi, has been published in Media Factory's Monthly Comic Alive magazine since its May 2010 issue, released on March 27, 2010.[9] Additionally, the series has been collected in 14 tankōbon volumes. Seven Seas Entertainment has licensed the first manga series in North America under the title Haganai: I Don't Have Many Friends.[10]

title: Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

text: A sequel to the visual novel titled was released as an adult game on June 30, 2010 as a limited edition, playable on a Windows PC as a DVD. The same staff that worked on "Otoboku" returned for the sequel. The limited edition came bundled with a 96-page guide book, an original card from the Lycèe Trading Card Game, and an original pouch. A free game demo of "Futari no Elder" can be downloaded at the game's official website. The regular edition was released on July 30, 2010. Settings and characters from "Sakura no Sono no Étoile", a novel written by the scriptwriter of "Otoboku" as a sequel to Takako's story, appear in "Futari no Elder". Also, the release date of June 30 coincides in-story with the day of the election day of the 75th Elder sister. A PSP version titled "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru Portable: Futari no Elder" was released on April 28, 2011 by Alchemist. A downloadable version of the PSP release via the PlayStation Store was released by Alchemist on December 1, 2011.

title: Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru

text: A free game demo of "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru" can be downloaded at the game's official website. The game was released as an adult game on January 28, 2005 as a limited edition, playable on a Windows PC as a 2-disc CD-ROM set. The limited edition came bundled with a special story book entitled "Tsunderera". The regular edition was released on February 18, 2005, and one select lot of this version contained a limited edition sticker. An updated version with full voice acting was released on April 28, 2006 as a DVD. Another updated version compatible for Windows Vista/7 was released on May 27, 2011. The Windows version of "Otoboku" was released in English by MangaGamer on November 23, 2012.

title: Haganai

text: A remade manga series, Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai+(僕は友達が少ない+), written by Misaki Harukawa and illustrated by Shouichi Taguchi, was published in Jump SQ.19,[11] from the December 2010 to the July 2012 issues. Plus introduces the characters in a different order and goes through different adventures. The series was collected in two volumes, which were published on October 4, 2011, and August 3, 2012.[12][13]

title: Amazarashi

text: On the same day, the Mika Nakashima tribute album, "MIKA NAKASHIMA TRIBUTE", performed by various artists, was released. It featured a self-cover of "Boku ga Shinou to Omotta no wa" (僕が死のうと思ったのは; "The Reason Why I Thought I'd Die"), the song that Akita previously composed for her.

title: Boku wa Kuma

text: "Boku wa Kuma" was Utada's first single release to have three different pressings: a limited edition that included a picture book, a standard single and cover, and a CD+DVD combo pack, which included the music video.

title: Haganai

text: The original light novel series, written by Yomi Hirasaka and illustrated by Buriki, began publication on Media Factory's MF Bunko J imprint from August 31, 2009. Eleven volumes in the series have been published.[4] Hirasaka and Buriki also released the light novel Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai Connect in December 2012.[5] Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai Universe(僕は友達が少ない ゆにばーす) is a series of anthology stories by various guest authors, including Yomi Hirasaka, Yūji Yūji, Wataru Watari, Yū Shimizu, Sō Sagara, Asaura, Hajime Asano, Ryō Iwanami, Shirō Shiratori, Takaya Kagami and guest illustrators Buriki, Kantoku, Ruroo, Peco, QP:flapper, Miyama-Zero, Shunsaku Tomose, Yuu Kamiya, Koin, Ponkan8, Hanpen Sakura.

title: Berryz Kobo

text: On 3 March, Berryz released their third double A-side single, "Otakebi Boy Wao!/Tomodachi wa Tomodachi Nanda!" The single debuted in the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart at number 3, making it their highest-ranking single to date. It also stayed in the top 10 for a second week, ranking 9th.

title: Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru

text: The first seven "tankōbon" volumes of "Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru" sold 2.5 million copies by May 2006.

text: The series is licensed for regional language releases in France by Soleil Productions under the English title "Secret Sweetheart", in Spain by Editorial Ivrea, and in Taiwan by Ever Glory Publishing. The original volumes were also imported to the United States and sold as is by Borders and Waldenbooks bookstores in early 2005. In March 2008, to celebrate its 40th anniversary, "Shōjo Comic" posted free chapters of "Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru" on its website, along with a new side-story.

title: Haganai

text: Three volumes of short stories, titled Boku wa Tomdachi ga Sukunai: Kōshiki Anthology Comic(僕は友達が少ない 公式アンソロジーコミック), have been published by Media Factory since October 22, 2011.[14][15] Each chapter of them is written and illustrated by different authors.

title: Haganai

text: The series of one-shot stories Haganai: I Don't Have Many Friends - Now With 50% More Fail!(僕は友達が少ない ショボーン！,Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai: Shobōn!) written by Chiruwo Kazehana and illustrated by Shirabii; and Haganai: I Don't Have Many Friends - Club Minutes(僕は友達が少ない はがない日和,Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai: Haganai Biyori) written by Kiurian and illustrated by Bomi, were serialized in Comic Alive in 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 respectively. Both series have been licensed in English by Seven Seas Entertainment; their volumes are scheduled for release on July 1, 2014 and December 16, 2014, respectively.[16][17]

title: Haganai

text: Yomi Hirasaka had been working on Light Novel Club(ラノベ部,Ranobe-bu), which consisted of short stories about everyday life. In developing Boku wa Tomodachi ga Sukunai, or Haganai for short, Hirasaka contrasts the main characters as opposites of the ones in the Light Novel Club which had good relationships to begin with. Hirasaka drew influences from personal experience: "This novel is a story about myself who also had few friends, bad communication skills, negative thinking, lacking life experiences and useless delusional habits." Hirasaka also considers the setting of the stories to be less restrictive. The anime was directed by Hisashi Saito, who had previously directed the fan service romantic comedy Heaven's Lost Property.[1] Hirasaka noted that Itachi's portrayal of the characters in the manga are "all so cute" and "their faces are full of life", especially the expressions of the heroines Yozora and Sena.Vol. 1

title: Boku wa Pegasus Kimi wa Polaris

text: With "Boku wa Pegasus Kimi wa Polaris", Misia was acclaimed for "solidifying her position as a ballad singer". CDjournal critics described the song as a "beautiful ballad" and praised Yokoyama and Misia for the "emotive" melody and for capturing the spirit of the drama series it is featured on.

title: Boku wa Pegasus Kimi wa Polaris

text: "Boku wa Pegasus Kimi wa Polaris" is Misia's first single in five months, since "Shiawase o Forever" (2013). The first pressing of the single included a live take of "Koi wa Owaranai Zutto" recorded at the Kawaguchiko Stellar Theater on August 26, 2012 as a bonus track. The CD single features two B-sides, including "Kimi no Taiyō ni Narō, which was used in television commercials for Seiko's Lukia watches, starring Emi Takei. The second, "Jewelry", is the last song recorded by drummer and longtime Misia collaborator Jun Aoyama before he passed away. The single was thus dedicated to the late Aoyama.

text:
Otakebi Boy Wao!
Main vocals: Risako Sugaya, Momoko Tsugunaga, Miyabi Natsuyaki

title: Amazarashi

text: On August 28 Mika Nakashima's single "Boku ga Shinou to Omotta no wa" (僕が死のうと思ったのは; "The Reason Why I Thought I'd Die"), composed and written by Hiromu Akita was released. Akita received the proposal from Nakashima herself, and accepted it.

title: Boku wa Pegasus Kimi wa Polaris

text: "Boku wa Pegasus Kimi wa Polaris" debuted at number one and number two on the weekly Mora and RecoChoku Singles charts, respectively, making it Misia's highest debut on the digital charts to date. The single debuted at number 26 on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart, with 4,000 copies sold. It charted for seven weeks and sold a reported total of 9,000 copies during its run.

title: List of Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru episodes

text: The "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru" animated television series is based on the visual novel "Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru" by the Japanese software company Caramel Box. The episodes, produced by the animation studio Feel, are directed by Munenori Nawa, written by Katsumi Hasegawa, and features character design by Noriko Shimazawa who based the designs on Norita's original concept. The story follows the main character Mizuho Miyanokouji, a male high school student who transfers into an all-girls school, and how he lives his life interacting with many girls who do not know he is actually a boy.

text:
Tomodachi wa Tomodachi Nanda
Main vocals: Risako Sugaya
Minor vocals: Momoko Tsugunaga, Miyabi Natsuyaki


query: How often do solar flares occur?

title: Solar flare

text: The frequency of occurrence of solar flares varies, from several per day when the Sun is particularly "active" to less than one every week when the Sun is "quiet", following the 11-year cycle (the solar cycle). Large flares are less frequent than smaller ones.

title: Solar cycle

text: The occurrence frequency of coronal mass ejections and flares is strongly modulated by the cycle. Flares of any given size are some 50 times more frequent at solar maximum than at minimum. Large coronal mass ejections occur on average a few times a day at solar maximum, down to one every few days at solar minimum. The size of these events themselves does not depend sensitively on the phase of the solar cycle. A case in point are the three large X-class flares that occurred in December 2006, very near solar minimum; an X9.0 flare on Dec 5 stands as one of the brightest on record.

title: Solar flare

text: Solar flares occur in a power-law spectrum of magnitudes; an energy release of typically 1020 joules of energy suffices to produce a clearly observable event, while a major event can emit up to 1025 joules.[2]

title: Solar flare

text: On July 23, 2012, a massive, potentially damaging, solar storm (solar flare, coronal mass ejection and electromagnetic radiation) barely missed Earth.[4][5] According to NASA, there may be as much as a 12% chance of a similar event occurring between 2012 and 2022.[4]

title: Natural disaster

text: A solar flare is a phenomenon where the Sun suddenly releases a great amount of solar radiation, much more than normal. Solar flares are unlikely to cause any direct injury, but can destroy electrical equipment. The potential of solar storms to cause disaster was seen during the 1859 Carrington event, which disrupted the telegraph network, and the March 1989 geomagnetic storm which blacked out Quebec. Some major known solar flares include the X20 event on August 16, 1989, and a similar flare on April 2, 2001. The most powerful flare ever recorded occurred on November 4, 2003 (estimated at between X40 and X45).

title: Coronal cloud

text: A coronal cloud is released when a solar flare becomes a coronal mass ejection; the coronal cloud often contains more radioactive particles than the mass ejection itself. A coronal mass ejection occurs when a solar flare becomes so hot that it snaps and breaks in two, becoming a "rope" of heat and magnetism that stretches between two sunspots. The resulting coronal mass ejection can be compared to a horseshoe magnet, the sunspots being the poles and the oscillating magnetic connector the handle. Coronal mass ejections typically do not last very long, because they cool down as the coronal cloud of gas is released and begins to hurtle away from the sun.

title: Solar cycle 22

text: "Sunquakes" caused by solar flares were first observed during this cycle. These are running acoustic waves, as opposed to the standing waves that constitute the material of helioseismology. The flare impulse launches these waves from the photosphere, and they arc deeply into the interior of the Sun before refracting back to the surface to appear as faint ripples, expanding radially away from the flare some tens of minutes later. The flare in which these waves were first observed, SOL1996-07-09, occurred more than three years after the last previous major event.

title: Solar flare

text: Flares occur when accelerated charged particles, mainly electrons, interact with the plasma medium. Evidence suggests that the phenomenon of magnetic reconnection leads to this copious acceleration of charged particles.[7] On the Sun, magnetic reconnection may happen on solar arcades– a series of closely occurring loops following magnetic lines of force. These lines of force quickly reconnect into a lower arcade of loops leaving a helix of magnetic field unconnected to the rest of the arcade. The sudden release of energy in this reconnection is the origin of the particle acceleration. The unconnected magnetic helical field and the material that it contains may violently expand outwards forming a coronal mass ejection.[8] This also explains why solar flares typically erupt from active regions on the Sun where magnetic fields are much stronger.

title: Bastille Day event

text: The Bastille Day Flare or Bastille Day Event was a powerful solar flare on July 14, 2000, the national day of France, occurring near the peak of the solar maximum in solar cycle 23. The X5.7-class flare originated from a sunspot known as Active region 9077, which subsequently caused an S3 radiation storm on Earth fifteen minutes later as energetic protons bombarded the ionosphere. It was the biggest solar radiation event since 1989. The proton event was four times more intense than any previously recorded since the launches of SOHO in 1995 and ACE in 1997. The flare was also followed by a full-halo coronal mass ejection and a geomagnetic super storm on July 15–16. The geomagnetic storm peaked at the extreme level, G5, in the late hours of July 15.

title: Hyder flare

text: As Hyder flares are notably rare, few occurrences have been recorded since their discovery, the first being on August 31, 2012, the second being on June 4, 2014. This solar flare occurred in the Southeastern Galactic quadrant. This flare spanned more than . It was recorded to have happened around 14:30 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). After the flare took place, solar activity was low for 24 hours.

title: Coronal mass ejection

text:
Coronal mass ejections are often associated with other forms of solar activity, most notably:
The association of a CME with some of those phenomena is common but not fully understood. For example, CMEs and flares are normally closely related, but there was confusion about this point caused by the events originating beyond the limb. For such events no flare could be detected. Most weak flares do not have associated CMEs; most powerful ones do. Some CMEs occur without any flare-like manifestation, but these are the weaker and slower ones. It is now thought that CMEs and associated flares are caused by a common event (the CME peak acceleration and the flare impulsive phase generally coincide). In general, all of these events (including the CME) are thought to be the result of a large-scale restructuring of the magnetic field; the presence or absence of a CME during one of these restructures would reflect the coronal environment of the process (i.e., can the eruption be confined by overlying magnetic structure, or will it simply break through and enter the solar wind).

title: Superflare

text: Since superflares can occur on stars apparently equivalent in every way to the Sun, it is natural to ask if they can occur on the Sun itself. An estimate based on the original Kepler photometric studies suggested a frequency on solar-type stars (early G-type and rotation period more than 10 days) of once every 800 years for an energy of 10 erg and every 5000 years at 10 erg. One-minute sampling provided statistics for less energetic flares and gave a frequency of one flare of energy 10 erg every 5–600 years for a star rotating as slowly as the Sun; this would be rated as X100 on the solar flare scale. This is based on a straightforward comparison of the number of stars studied with the number of flares observed. An extrapolation of the empirical statistics for solar flares to an energy of 10 erg suggests a frequency of one in 10,000 years.

title: Flare (novel)

text: "Flare" describes the world as it may be in 2081, and the effects a future inter-planetary civilization would suffer if a solar flare occurred after almost 100 years without any solar activity.

title: Solar cycle 24

text: A prominence eruption producing a CME shot off the east limb (left side) of the Sun on April 16, 2012. Such eruptions are often associated with solar flares, and in this case an M1.7 class (medium-sized) flare occurred at the same time, peaking at 1:45 PM EDT and 17.45 UTC. The CME was not aimed toward Earth. Nevertheless, this month was very quiet in comparison to the previous one, as only two M-class flares were recorded.

title: Solar cycle 24

text:
A filament eruption occurred in late hours of September 27 resulted in a brief S1 (minor) radiation storm, alerted by NOAA in early hours of next day. The Earth-directed CME associated with this event affected our planet on September 30. Geomagnetic storm levels reached the G3 on October 1. The filament eruption was connected to a C3.7 flare occurred in the vicinity of sunspot 1577.
Solar activity decreased remarkably this month. 4 minor solar flares, below M2 levels, were registered in September 2012.
On October 8 and 9, the arrival of a CME unrelated to solar flares and emitted on October 5 caused disturbances in the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field. The planetary Kp-index reached level 6, so a G2 (moderate) geomagnetic storm was reported.
The Sun released a M9.0 flare on October 20. This was followed three days after on October 23, by a very impulsive flare, peaking as an X1.8 class event at 3:17 a.m. UTC.
Both flares came from active region 1598 located on the left side (east) of the sun, which had previously been the source of a number of weaker flares. The M9.0 burst occurred when the sunspot was not yet rotated onto the Earth-facing side of the solar disk. The NOAA categorized the radio blackout associated with the X1.8 event as an R3, on a scale from R1 to R5. This was the 7th and last X-class flare in 2012. There was no associated Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME).

title: Satellite flare

text: Flares may also occur from solar panels, but they are not as bright (up to −3.5 magnitude). Such flares last about twice as long as those from the main mission antennas (MMA), because the so-called "mirror angle" for the solar panels is twice that for the MMAs. There are also rare cases of flares from MMAs and solar panels, or two MMAs (front and either right or left) of one satellite in a single pass.

title: Solar minimum

text: Solar minimum is the period of least solar activity in the 11 year solar cycle of the Sun. During this time, sunspot and solar flare activity diminishes, and often does not occur for days at a time. The date of the minimum is described by a smoothed average over 12 months of sunspot activity, so identifying the date of the solar minimum usually can only happen 6 months after the minimum takes place. Solar minima are not generally correlated with changes in climate but recent studies have shown a correlation with regional weather patterns.

title: Halloween solar storms, 2003

text: The Halloween solar storms were a series of solar flares and coronal mass ejections that occurred from mid-October to early November 2003, peaking around October 28–29. This series of storms generated the largest solar flare ever recorded by the GOES system, modeled as strong as X45 (initially estimated at X28 due to saturation of GOES' detectors). Satellite-based systems and communications were affected, aircraft were advised to avoid high altitudes near the polar regions, and a one-hour-long power outage occurred in Sweden as a result of the solar activity. Aurorae were observed at latitudes as far south as Texas and the Mediterranean countries of Europe.

title: Solar cycle 23

text: In late October 2003, a series of large solar flares occurred. A X17.2-class flare ejected on 28 October 2003 produced auroras visible as far south as Florida and Texas. A G5 level geomagnetic storm blasted the Earth's magnetosphere the next two days. A few days later, the largest solar flare ever measured with instruments occurred on 4 November; initially measured at X28, it was later upgraded to an X45-class. This flare was not Earth-oriented and thus only resulted in high-latitude auroras. The whole sequence of events occurred from 28 October to 4 November is known as the Halloween Solar Storm.

title: Solar flare

text: Other large solar flares also occurred on April 2, 2001 (X20),[36] October 28, 2003 (X17.2 and 10),[37] September 7, 2005 (X17),[36] February 17, 2011 (X2),[38][39][40] August 9, 2011 (X6.9),[41][42] March 7, 2012 (X5.4),[43][44] July 6, 2012 (X1.1).[45] On July 6, 2012, a solar storm hit just after midnight UK time,[46] when an X1.1 solar flare fired out of the AR1515 sunspot. Another X1.4 solar flare from AR 1520 region of the Sun,[47] second in the week, reached the Earth on July 15, 2012[48] with a geomagnetic storm of G1–G2 level.[49][50] A X1.8-class flare was recorded on October 24, 2012.[51] There has been major solar flare activity in early 2013, notably within a 48-hour period starting on May 12, 2013, a total of four X-class solar flares were emitted ranging from an X1.2 and upwards of an X3.2,[52] the latter of which was one of the largest year 2013 flares.[53][54] Departing sunspot complex AR2035-AR2046 erupted on April 25, 2014 at 0032 UT, producing a strong X1.3-class solar flare and an HF communications blackout on the day-side of Earth. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded of extreme ultraviolet radiation from the explosion. The Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded an X9.3-class flare at around 1200 UTC on September 6, 2017.[55]

title: Hyder flare

text:
A Hyder flare is slow, large-scale brightening that occurs in the solar chromosphere. It resembles a large but feeble solar flare and is identifiable as the signature of the sudden disappearance of a  solar prominence (a "disparition brusque").
These events occur in the quiet Sun, away from the active regions or sunspot groups, and typically in the polar crown filament zone.
Hyder flares have a two-ribbon morphology and can be faintly observed in chromospheric emission lines such as Hα or as enhanced absorption in He I 1083 nm line.

title: Astronautical hygiene

text: These are injections of energetic electrons, protons, alpha particles into interplanetary space during solar flare eruptions. During periods of maximum solar activity, the frequency and intensity of solar flares will increase. The solar proton events generally occur only once or twice a solar cycle.

title: Solar flare

text: Flares are closely associated with the ejection of plasmas and particles through the Sun's corona into outer space; flares also copiously emit radio waves. If the ejection is in the direction of the Earth, particles associated with this disturbance can penetrate into the upper atmosphere (the ionosphere) and cause bright auroras, and may even disrupt long range radio communication. It usually takes days for the solar plasma ejecta to reach Earth.[3] Flares also occur on other stars, where the term stellar flare applies. High-energy particles, which may be relativistic, can arrive almost simultaneously with the electromagnetic radiations.

title: List of solar storms

text: Solar storms of different types are caused by disturbances on the Sun, most often coronal clouds associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) produced by solar flares emanating from active sunspot regions, or, less often, from coronal holes. Solar filaments (solar prominences) may also trigger CMEs, trigger flares, or occur in conjunction with flares, and associated CMEs can be intensified.

title: Solar cycle 24

text: Four solar flares occurred within 5 days from sunspot AR 12192, which is both the largest sunspot of solar cycle 24 and the largest since 1990. On October 19 there was a major X1.1-class solar flare. October 22 an M8.7-class flare was followed the same day by an X1.6 event. The October 24 X3.1-class solar flare was strong enough to trigger a radio blackout. Larger than the planet Jupiter, the AR 12192 sunspot was visible during a partial solar eclipse seen in North America.

title: Solar flare

text: Solar flares affect all layers of the solar atmosphere (photosphere, chromosphere, and corona). The plasma medium is heated to tens of millions of Kelvin, while electrons, protons, and heavier ions are accelerated to near the speed of light. Flares produce electromagnetic radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths, from radio waves to gamma rays. Most of the energy is spread over frequencies outside the visual range and so the majority of the flares are not visible to the naked eye and must be observed with special instruments. Flares occur in active regions around sunspots, where intense magnetic fields penetrate the photosphere to link the corona to the solar interior. Flares are powered by the sudden (timescales of minutes to tens of minutes) release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. The same energy releases may produce coronal mass ejections (CMEs), although the relationship between CMEs and flares is still not well understood.

title: Magnetic reconnection

text: Magnetic reconnection occurs during solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and many other events in the solar atmosphere. The observational evidence for solar flares includes observations of inflows/outflows, downflowing loops, and changes in the magnetic topology. In the past, observations of the solar atmosphere were done using remote imaging; consequently, the magnetic fields were inferred or extrapolated rather than observed directly. However, the first direct observations of solar magnetic reconnection were gathered in 2012 (and released in 2013) by the High Resolution Coronal Imager.

title: Solar flare

text: A solar flare is a sudden flash of increased brightness on the Sun, usually observed near its surface and in close proximity to a sunspot group. Powerful flares are often, but not always, accompanied by a coronal mass ejection. Even the most powerful flares are barely detectable in the total solar irradiance (the "solar constant").[1]

title: Solar phenomena

text: Coronal mass ejections often appear with other forms of solar activity, most notably solar flares, but no causal relationship has been established. Most weak flares do not have CMEs; most powerful ones do. Most ejections originate from active regions on the Sun's surface, such as sunspot groupings associated with frequent flares. Other forms of solar activity frequently associcated with coronal mass ejections are eruptive prominences, coronal dimming, coronal waves and Moreton waves, also called solar tsunami.

title: Solar maximum

text: Large solar flares often occur during a maximum. For example, the solar storm of 1859 struck the Earth with such intensity that the northern lights were visible as far from the poles as Cuba and Hawaii.

title: TV and FM DX

text: An aurora is most likely to occur during periods of high solar activity when there is a high probability of a large solar flare. When such an eruption occurs, charged particles from the flare may spiral towards earth arriving about a day later. This may or may not cause an aurora: if the interstellar magnetic field has same polarity, the particles do not get coupled to the geomagnetic field efficiently. Besides sunspot-related active solar surface areas, other solar phenomena that produce particles causing auroras, such as re-occurring coronal holes spraying out intense solar wind. These charged particles are affected and captured by the geomagentic field and the various radiation belts surrounding earth. The aurora-producing relativistic electrons eventually precipitate towards earth's magnetic poles, resulting in an aurora which disrupts short-wave communications (SID) due to ionospheric/magnetic storms in the D, E, and F layers. Various visual effects are also seen in the sky towards the north – aptly called the Northern Lights. The same effect occurs in the Southern Hemisphere, but the visual effects are towards the south. The auroral event starts by onset of geomagnetic storm, followed by number of sub-storms over the next day or so.


query: Where did John Bruce Thompson go to law school?

title: Jack Thompson (activist)

text: Thompson grew up in Cleveland, Ohio, attended Cuyahoga Falls H.S.[10] and attended Denison University. He received media attention when he hosted his own political talk show on the college radio station.[11] He then attended Vanderbilt University Law School, where he met his wife, Patricia.[12] In 1976, they moved to Florida, where Thompson, working as a lawyer and then a fund-raiser for a Christian ministry,[12] began attending the Key Biscayne Presbyterian Church and became a born-again Christian.[11] Thompson admits to having a "colorful disciplinary history" as an attorney.[13]

title: John C. Thompson

text: John C. Thompson was born in Westerly, Rhode Island, probably in 1790. He studied law with an attorney in Hartford, Connecticut, and attained admission to the bar. He moved to Windsor, Vermont in 1813, where he established himself as an attorney and also became active in politics as a Democratic-Republican, including serving as editor of the "Vermont Republican" newspaper. He practiced law in Windsor until 1818, when he moved to Hartland. Thompson moved to Burlington in 1822.

title: Wallace Thompson

text: Born in Galesburg, Illinois, Thompson received his bachelor's degree from Knox College. He then served in the United States Army during World War I. Thompson then received his law degree from Harvard Law School and then practiced law in Galesburg, Illinois. Thompson was the attorney for The Labor News and was a director of the Galesburg National Bank and Trust Company. He did farming as a hobby. Thompson was also the legal representative of the Galesburg School Board. Thompson served in the Illinois State Senate from 1943 until his death and was a Republican. He died of a heart attack in Chicago, Illinois after taking a steam bath at the Lincoln Hotel. He was in Chicago to discuss his candidacy for the Republican nomination for the office of Illinois Lieutenant Governor.

title: William Thompson (Australian politician)

text: The Boer War broke out in 1899 and General Thompson (then captain) was placed second in command of the second Queensland contingent to go to South Africa. He left Rockhampton on Christmas night 1899 after an historic march through the city and a farewell dinner at the School of Arts. He was 13 times in action on the Veldt. There was no system of reinforcements at the time and wastage of war reduced the strength of the second Queensland to a subaltern's command. General Thompson was then appointed magistrate of the High Court of Pretoria, where, with two other magistrates, he administered martial law. Pretoria, at that time, was a Boer city.

title: Craig Esherick

text: Esherick grew up in Silver Spring, Maryland and graduated from Springbrook High School in 1974 as an all-state forward. He was a four-year basketball letterman at Georgetown from 1974 to 1978 and thereafter attended Georgetown University Law School, receiving a law degree in 1982. During his final two years of law school at Georgetown, he served as a graduate assistant to John Thompson Jr. In 1982, Thompson offered Esherick the position of assistant coach, and along with former teammate Mike Riley, he stayed in the position for the next 17½ seasons. After abruptly resigning in January 1999, Thompson named Esherick head coach.

title: Robbin Thompson

text: On March 3, 2003 at the Richmond Coliseum during The Rising Tour, Thompson, together with Bruce Hornsby, joined Springsteen on stage for the Hank Ballard song "Let's Go, Let's Go, Let's Go". According to Thompson they were going to try and perform a version of "He's Guilty (Send That Boy To Jail)", a Steel Mill-era song that Thompson had recorded. However, apparently nobody in the E Street Band could remember how it went.

title: Gordon R. Thompson

text: After graduating from Reno High School in 1936, Thompson attended the University of Nevada, Reno, the same university his brother attended. After earning a bachelor's degree in 1940, Thompson, like his brother, left Reno to attend California's Stanford Law School, where he earned his LL.B. in 1943.

title: Cafe Au Go Go

text: Howard Solomon not only had The Au Go Go Singers, but had also booked comedians such as George Carlin and Lenny Bruce, who had regular stints at Cafe Au Go Go that would last either from one or two days to three weeks. Lenny Bruce's performances at the Go Go were controversial. On more than one occasion the Cafe Au Go Go was raided by the police because of the obscenities that had been used during his performances. By 1966, the police and the courts had managed to silence Lenny Bruce and taught him a lesson that he should not use "foul language" or show disrespect for the church and the law. Eventually bankrupting him just before his death that year. Though the police had managed to silence Lenny Bruce, George Carlin continued to do his controversial comedy. Carlin eventually went on to have his own trouble with the law. Controversy arose because of the use of obscenities in his counter-culture routine known at the "Seven Dirty Words". Both Lenny Bruce and George Carlin were two of the most influential stand-up comedians of their time and they along with many others had come out of the Cafe Au Go Go.

title: Dylan Thompson

text: After going undrafted in the 2015 NFL Draft, Thompson signed with the San Francisco 49ers on May 5, 2015. He joined former Gamecock teammates Bruce Ellington and Mike Davis on the 49ers. Thompson was released by the 49ers on September 5, 2015, due to roster cuts.

title: John Reuben Thompson

text: Thompson did not pursue a career in the legal field, but instead dedicated himself to journalism and editorship. In 1847, he became the editor of the "Southern Literary Messenger" in Richmond, and in 1859 editor of "The Southern Field and Fireside" in Augusta, Georgia. Thompson did not take part in the Civil War due to health reasons. Instead, he went to London, from where he supported the Confederacy by writing articles in English magazines.

title: John Sparrow David Thompson

text: After his resignation from government, Thompson was immediately appointed to the Nova Scotia Supreme Court by the Prime Minister of Canada, Sir John A. Macdonald. In this role, he was instrumental in founding the Dalhousie Law School in 1883. He taught law courses at Dalhousie in its early years.

title: Political positions of Fred Thompson

text: Thompson said that federal law must be enforced in sanctuary cities, which currently ban cooperation between local officials and federal immigration officials. However, Thompson supports a path to citizenship "You're going to have to, in some way, work out a deal where they can have some aspirations of citizenship, but not make it so easy that it's unfair to the people waiting in line and abiding by the law."

title: Correspondence law school

text: Graduates of California online schools have commenced legal actions in order to sit for the bar exam in their home states. Mel Thompson, a 2005 graduate of the West Coast School of Law, attempted to sue the ABA and the Connecticut Bar Examining Committee, alleging that Connecticut's refusal to let him sit for the bar exam violated due process, equal protection, and served as an "arbitrary" and unlawful restraint on trade. Thompson's grievance did not succeed and in 2007 his suit was dismissed. In 2007 Ross Mitchell, a 2004 graduate of Concord Law School, filed suit against the Massachusetts Board of Bar Examiners. Mitchell's suit was more successful than Thompson's; in 2008 the state’s Supreme Judicial Court granted Mitchell permission to take the Massachusetts bar exam. In 2009 Mitchell passed the bar and became the first online law school graduate sworn into the state bar of Massachusetts.

title: Murray Thompson

text: Thompson was educated at Caulfield Grammar School in Melbourne where he served as Captain of football and member of debating team (1971–72), was School Captain, Caulfield Grammar 1972 and Member of the Caulfield Grammarians Cricket Club (1973–80). Thompson earned both a Bachelor of Arts (1979), a Bachelor of Laws (1981) from Monash University where he was Student Representative on the Law Faculty Ad Hoc Committee on Professional Practice (1979) and Law Student Society Committee Member. His postgraduate study earned him a Diploma of Education (1986) from Melbourne University.

title: Ward Armstrong

text:
Armstrong was raised in Bassett, Virginia, graduating from John D. Bassett High School in 1974. He then attended Duke University, where he earned a business degree in 1977. In 1980, Armstrong received a JD degree from the University of Richmond School of Law.
During law school, he studied for a summer at the University of Cambridge in England. After law school, he worked as a law clerk to Justice W. Carrington Thompson of the Supreme Court of Virginia for one year. He has practiced law in Martinsville, Virginia since 1981.

title: John Thompson (1809–90)

text: John Thompson (July 4, 1809 – June 1, 1890) was a U.S. Representative from New York. Born in Rhinebeck, New York, he studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Poughkeepsie, New York. He was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859). He did not run for reelection in 1858, and resumed the practice of law.

title: Kenneth P. Thompson

text: After graduating from New York City public schools, Kenneth attended John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and in 1989 he graduated "magna cum laude". He then graduated from the New York University School of Law in 1992, where he earned the Arthur T. Vanderbilt Medal for contributions to the law school community.

title: Larry Thompson

text: In August 2003 Thompson left the Justice Department and was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution for a year before accepting the position of senior vice-president for government affairs and general counsel at Pepsico in Purchase, New York. Since 2011, he has served as the John A. Sibley Professor in Corporate and Business Law at the University of Georgia School of Law, where he teaches corporate responsibility and white collar criminal law, and serves on the Dean Rusk International Law Center Council. Thompson has also taught at Georgia State University College of Law.

title: John E. W. Thompson

text: In 1918, Thompson was treating a patient, Thomas Saloway. For several months, the 30-year old man had been a patient of Thompson in 1918. He lived at 137 Clinton in Bridgeport. Saloway believed to be in poor health, according to friends. It was implied that he was a hypochondriac. Thompson met Saloway on October 2, as discovered by a receipt. The appointment did not go well, as Saloway grew both hostile and crazed.

title: Stanley Bruce

text: Stanley Melbourne Bruce was born on 15 April 1883 in St Kilda, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne, and was the youngest of five children. His father, John Munro Bruce, was of Ulster Scottish descent and had emigrated from Ireland to Australia in 1858 at the age of 18. His mother, Mary Ann Henderson, was Irish and had married her cousin John after emigrating to Australia in 1872 at the age of 24. John Bruce became a talented businessman with "a flair for buying and selling", which would secure him a partnership in an established Melbourne importing firm that in 1868 became known as Paterson, Laing and Bruce. As his wealth grew, John Bruce became influential in colonial Victoria's social and political life. An avid golfer, he was one of the founders of the Royal Melbourne Golf Club. He was prominent in the liberal protectionist political movement within the state and an early supporter of future prime minister Alfred Deakin. John Bruce's success ensured that Stanley Bruce, his sister Mary and his brothers Ernest, William and Robert were born into affluence. Shortly after Stanley Bruce's birth the family relocated to the stately Wombalano manor, built by John Bruce, in Toorak. However, John Bruce was an aloof and remote figure in the lives of his children, as his son Stanley later recounted. Despite their family's Presbyterian back-ground, Stanley Bruce was sent to Melbourne Church of England Grammar School (now Melbourne Grammar School) and subsequently Stanley Bruce would come to identify principally as Anglican. Bruce was an average student but extremely active in the sporting life of the school and captain of its football team, and then of the school itself in 1901. Today, the school honours him with his own house, Bruce House, the colours of which are magenta and white. The house's mascot is a lion, symbolising Bruce's bravery.

title: Richard W. Thompson (journalist)

text: Thompson continued to clerk for the federal government, transferring at the recommendation of Henry Lincoln Johnson in 1911 from the War Department to the Treasury Department where he took the position of messenger for Assistant Secretary Robert O. Bailey. When Bailey left the position, Thompson's position was challenged by black Democrats supported by the Washington Bee who felt that Thompson was no longer a Democrat. Chase and the "Bee" continued to battle with Thompson for some time. In 1914, Thompson was rebuked by the "Indianapolis Freeman" and the "Chicago Defender" for criticism of Ralph W. Tyler that Thompson had published in the two papers. In the spring of 1914, Thompson helped J. Finlay Wilson to start a new black paper in Washington, DC, called the "Sun". Thompson was a principal contributor to the paper, which switched leadership from Wilson to T. Thomas Fortune in the summer of 1914, and continued to provoke the ire of Chase. The issue cooled, and by 1918, "The Bee" reported that in a commencement address of the Columbia Conservatory of Music, Thompson and Judge Robert Terrel both took the stage, with Terrel saying of Thompson that "he is one of the greatest colored journalists in the country, and commended his efforts to uplift the race". After Thompson's death, Chase was in a bitter battle to remove Roscoe Conkling Bruce from his position as assistant superintendent of DC schools in charge of colored schools and supported Thompson's daughter, Vivian, in an effort to gain for her a position as a teacher against Bruce's opposition.

title: Andrew Davis Bruce

text: Bruce was born on September 14, 1894 in St. Louis, Missouri to John Logan Bruce and Martha Washington Smith. His family moved to Texas when he was a child. After finishing high school Bruce attended the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, now known as Texas A&M University, where he was required to be a member of the Corps of Cadets and undergo military training. In 1916, Bruce earned a doctorate of laws from Texas A&M.

title: John Bruce (antiquary)

text: He was born London, in a Scottish family. He was educated at private schools in England, and at Aberdeen grammar school. Trained for the law, he did not practise after 1840.

title: Templeton Thompson

text: She later moved east, living in Virginia and Maryland before attending college at the University of Virginia, where she majored in English. Originally, she intended to go to law school, but in 1992, following graduation, she moved to Nashville to pursue a music career.

title: David Thompson (Barbadian politician)

text: Thompson attended primary school at St Gabriel's Junior School and secondary school at Combermere School. He earned a Legal Education Certificate from Hugh Wooding Law School. Thompson graduated with honors from the University of the West Indies law school in 1984. He was admitted to the Barbados bar in 1984 and taught as a part-time tutor in law at the University of the West Indies from 1986 to 1988. His law firm was Thompson & Associates.

title: William Calvin Chase

text: Chase was not always fond of R. W. Thompson. In 1909 Thompson founded the National Negro Press Association. In 1910, Chase attacked the organization, calling it "fake" and, writing in the "Washington Bee", called Thompson "an editor without a paper", to which Thompson replied from the Indianapolis Freeman that Chase's Bee was "a paper without an editor". Thompson and Chase later reconciled. At the time of Thompson's death, Chase supported Thompson and his daughter in a bitter battle to remove Roscoe Conkling Bruce from his position as assistant superintendent of DC schools in charge of colored schools.

title: Bruce Bromley

text: A law chair at Harvard Law School is named after him. Among Bruce Bromley Professors of Law were Arthur R. Miller and Paul M. Bator. The current holder is John F. Manning.

title: Bruce Rutherford Thompson

text: Born in Reno, Nevada, Thompson received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of Nevada, Reno in 1932 and a Bachelor of Laws from Stanford Law School in 1936. He was in private practice in Reno from 1936 to 1963, serving as an Assistant United States Attorney of the District of Nevada from 1942 to 1952, and as a Special Master for the United States District Court for the District of Nevada from 1952 to 1954.

title: Almon Harris Thompson

text: In 1867, Thompson's brother-in-law, John Wesley Powell, organized an expedition to the Rocky Mountains to collect specimens for the Illinois State Natural History Society. Thompson acted as the entomologist of the party. After the expedition, in 1868, Thompson resumed the superintendency of the Bloomington, Illinois schools. He was appointed acting curator of the Illinois State Natural History Society in 1869.

title: John E. W. Thompson

text: After attending local schools, Thompson studied at Weston Military Institute and Lawrence Academy in Groton, Massachusetts. Thompson graduated from Yale School of Medicine in 1883. Shortly after graduation, he studied throughout Europe, Paris, England, Scotland, and Ireland. Thompson became one of the first African-American physicians in New York City in 1884. He received the degree of M.D. from the University of Haiti in 1887. Thompson was also a French scholar and expert in international law.

title: Cleon F. Thompson

text: Thompson was born in New York, New York, but received his public school education in Bennettsville, South Carolina. Thompson attended North Carolina Central University, where he earned the Bachelor of Science and the Master of Science degrees in biology. In 1977, he would go on to earn his Doctor of Education Administration from Duke University, with minor degrees in political science, economics, and educational law.


query: Who is Pike's Peak named for?

title: Pikes Peak

text: "Tava" or "sun", is the Ute word that was given by these first people to the mountain that we now call Pikes Peak. The band of Ute people who called the Pikes Peak region their home were the "Tabeguache", meaning the "People of Sun Mountain".[4] The Ute people first arrived in Colorado about 500 A.D., although their traditions state they were created on Pikes Peak. In the 1800s, when the Arapaho people arrived in Colorado, they knew the mountain as "Heey-otoyoo' " meaning "Long Mountain".[5] Early Spanish explorers named the mountain "El Capitán" meaning "The Leader". American explorer Zebulon Pike named the mountain "Highest Peak" in 1806, and the mountain was later commonly known as "Pike's Highest Peak". American explorer Stephen Harriman Long named the mountain "James Peak" in honor of Edwin James who climbed to the summit in 1820. The mountain was later renamed "Pike's Peak" in honor of Pike. The name was simplified to "Pikes Peak" by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1890.

title: Manitou and Pike's Peak Railway

text: The Broadmoor Pikes Peak Cog Railway (also known as the Pikes Peak Cog Railway) was an Abt rack system cog railway with track in Colorado, USA, climbing the well-known mountain Pikes Peak. The base station was in Manitou Springs, Colorado near Colorado Springs.

text: The Pikes Peak Center for the Performing Arts (known commonly as Pikes Peak Center) is a concert auditorium in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It serves as an entertainment, cultural, educational, and assembly center for the citizens of El Paso County, the Pikes Peak region, and the surrounding area.

title: KRDO-TV

text: KRDO-TV had been locally owned by Pikes Peak Broadcasting Company since the station signed on. In April 2006, the company announced that it was selling KRDO-TV (along with KRDO radio and KJCT in Grand Junction) to the News-Press & Gazette Company. News-Press & Gazette officially took over operations of KRDO-TV on June 26, 2006; in honor of Pikes Peak Broadcasting, it changed the name of its Colorado broadcast group to Pikes Peak Television.

title: Cascade, Colorado

text: Thousands of tourists traveled along the Pikes Peak Carriage Road, also known as the Pikes Peak Wagon Road, up to Pikes Peak's summit. Passengers were picked up at a railway stop by awaiting carriages and taken to the summit of Pikes Peak. It was opened by the Cascade Town Company in 1888 and closed in 1902. The carriage road company went bankrupt following the success of the Manitou and Pike's Peak Cog Railway that opened in 1892.

title: Red Screes

text: Snarker Pike is probably ‘snake peak’ from Old English "snaca", a snake, plus pike. In 1764 its name was recorded as "Snake Pike". Originally it may have been Snake How (from "snaca" plus dialect "how(e)", a hill or mound), which became contracted to Snarker and then had ‘pike’ added. It seems strange that this hill should be associated with snakes, though adders are not uncommon in the Lake District. Pike is a dialect work for a peak or summit, from either Old English "pīc" or Old Norse "pík". This is frequently used for the summit of a fell, and then for the fell itself. Some of these names are ancient, but many are more modern.

title: Pike County, Arkansas

text: Pike County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,291. The county seat is Murfreesboro. Pike County is Arkansas's 25th county, formed on November 1, 1833, and named for Lieutenant Zebulon Pike, the explorer who discovered Pikes Peak. It is an alcohol prohibition or dry county.

title: Pike Expedition

text: On November 15, Pike recorded the first sight of the distant mountain he called "Grand Peak". It has since been called Pikes Peak in his honor. Pike tried to climb the peak, hoping to get a view of the surrounding area to record on maps, the 14,000-foot summit. Pike's group ascended a lesser summit nearby—likely Mount Miller, which was named for Theodore Miller, one of the soldiers who accompanied Pike. With winter threatening, Pike pressed onward up the Arkansas, and on December 7 the party reached Royal Gorge, a spectacular canyon on the Arkansas at the base of the Rocky Mountains.

title: Pikes Peak

text: Pikes Peak is the highest summit of the southern Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, in North America. The ultra-prominent 14,115-foot (4,302.31m) fourteener is located in Pike National Forest, 12 miles (19km) west of downtown Colorado Springs, Colorado. The mountain is named in honor of American explorer Zebulon Pike, who was unable to reach the summit. The summit is higher than any point in the United States east of its longitude.[2][3]

title: Pikes Peak

text: Gold was discovered in the area of present-day Denver in 1858, and newspapers referred to the gold-mining area as "Pike's Peak". Pike's Peak or Bust became the slogan of the Colorado Gold Rush (see also Fifty-Niner). This was more due to Pikes Peak's visibility to gold seekers traveling west across the plains than any actual significant gold find anywhere near Pikes Peak. Major gold deposits were not discovered in the Pikes Peak area until the Cripple Creek Mining District was discovered southwest of Pikes Peak and led, in 1893, to one of the last major gold rushes in the lower 48 states.

title: Pikes Peak Highway

text: An earlier road up the mountain, the Pike's Peak Carriage Road, dates back to 1888. Thousands of tourists traveled along the Pikes Peak Carriage Road up to Pikes Peak's summit. It was opened by the Cascade Town Company in 1888 and closed in 1902.

title: Arlene Pieper

text: Pieper was unaware of the groundbreaking nature of her marathon until she was contacted by a historian in 2009. She served as the official starter for the Pikes Peak Marathon that year, and hung the Pikes Peak Marathon medal around the neck of the 2009 women's winner, who credited her win to Arlene's inspiration. As of 2014, Arlene attends the Pikes Peak Marathon every year as part of the ceremonies.

title: Pikes Peak International Hill Climb

text: The first Pikes Peak Hill Climb was promoted by Spencer Penrose, who had converted the narrow carriage road into the much wider Pikes Peak Highway.

title: Pike (surname)

text:
The origins of the name are not entirely clear. Individuals may have adopted the surname based
on physical attributes resembling Pike (the fish), an association with Pike (the weapon), or a turnpike (one of the early meanings of which was a turning pike, a horizontal timber that was mounted so as to be able to spin or turn (such turnpikes apparently served as barriers to prevent horses from accessing footpaths, and in other instances to block passage until a toll had been paid). It has also been speculated that the name Pike might be derived in some instances from the word "peak", such as when somebody resided at the peak of a hill (note, for instance, the usage of the word "pike" in the name of Scafell Pike, England's highest mountain).

title: Pike's Peak Country

text: Pike's Peak Country was the name given to the gold mining region of the western United States near Pikes Peak during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush of 1858-1861. The Pike's Peak Country included the region of western Kansas Territory roughly west of the 104th meridian west and the region of southwestern Nebraska Territory roughly west of the 104th meridian west and south of the 41st parallel north. The Pike's Peak Country became the heart of the extralegal Jefferson Territory on October 24, 1859, and the Colorado Territory on February 28, 1861.

title: James Peak Wilderness

text: The wilderness was established by H.R.1576 in the 107th Congress (2001). James Peak was named after Edwin James, pioneer and botanist. Originally Pikes Peak was named James Peak prior to Pike's exploration journey. After the renaming to Pikes Peak, the current James Peak was named.

title: Pikes Peak

text: Tava El Capitán Grand Peak Heey-otoyoo' Highest Peak – 1806 James Peak – 1835 Long Mountain Pike's Highest Peak Pike's Peak – 1858 Pikes Peak – 1890[3]

title: Pikes Peak Derby Dames

text: The Pikes Peak Derby Dames are active in the community, donating time, money, and event tickets to charities and nonprofit organizations in the Pikes Peak region. Members of Pikes Peak were featured on a 2007 episode of "Trading Spaces".

title: Uncompahgre Ute

text:
The Tabeguache believed that the Pikes Peak region is their home. Their name for Pikes Peak is "Tavakiev", meaning sun mountain. Living a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle, summers were spent in the Pikes Peak area mountains, which was considered by other tribes to be the domain of the Utes. Pikes Peak was a sacred ceremonial area for the Tabeguache Utes, or people of Sun Mountain, including their Sundance grounds and culturally scarred Ponderosa Pines that were used for different purposes, including prayer, burial, peeled-bark medicine, and arborglyphs or message trees. Some of the trees are 800 years old. An endowment was established by the Pikes Peak Historical Society in 2001 to help members of the Ute Nation to return to their homelands around Pikes Peak.
In the fall they would travel Ute Pass and visit the springs where they "made offerings to the spirits of the springs for good health and good hunting". There were about ten mineral springs, called "manitou" for the "breath of the Great Spirit Manitou" believed to have created the bubbles, or "effervescence", in the spring water. The springs were considered sacred grounds where Native Americans drank and soaked in the mineral water to replenish and heal themselves. Ute and other tribes came to the area, spent winters there, and "share[d] in the gifts of the waters without worry of conflict." Artifacts found from the nearby Garden of the Gods, such as grinding stones, "suggest the groups would gather together after their hunt to complete the tanning of hides and processing of meat."

title: Pikes Peak granite

text: The Pikes Peak granite was emplaced in three major intrusive events in the southern Front Range, now exposed in Colorado's Lost Creek Wilderness, Buffalo Peaks Wilderness, and Pikes Peak. It is the geochemically potassic series of plutons compromising most of the Pikes Peak batholith, a batholith formed of two major types of plutons, the potassic Pikes Peak granite and later plutons, plus late stage sodic syenite and granite plutons. Both the batholith and the Pikes Peak granite are A-type, meaning granites that originate in anorogenic, or non mountain building, tectonic settings, with an alkaline geochemistry and arising from more anhydrous magmas.

title: Pike's Peak Gold Rush

text: The participants in the gold rush were known as "Fifty-Niners" after 1859, the peak year of the rush and often used the motto Pike's Peak or Bust! In fact, the location of the Pike's Peak Gold Rush was centered north of Pike's Peak. The name Pike's Peak Gold Rush was used mainly because of how well known and important Pike's Peak was at the time.

title: Pikes Peak, Indiana

text: According to legend, James Ward was intent on moving to Colorado. He wrote on the side of his conestoga wagon "Pikes Peak or Bust". Miller made it out of Columbus to the area now known as Pikes Peak. To save face he called his store Pikes Peak and the name stuck.

title: Pikes Peak State Park

text: It gets its name from the Iowa incarnation of Pikes Peak, a particularly high point overlooking the gorge of the Upper Mississippi, and like Pikes Peak in Colorado, is named for Zebulon Pike.

title: United States Army Pikes Peak Research Laboratory

text:
The U.S. Army Pikes Peak Research Laboratory, or simply the "Pikes Peak Lab", is a modern medical research laboratory for the assessment of the impact of high altitude on human physiological and medical parameters of military interest. It is a satellite facility of the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), located in Natick, Massachusetts.
The Pikes Peak Lab is at the summit of Pikes Peak in central Colorado, USA. The summit is approximately of relatively flat, rocky terrain and is directly and easily accessible by automobile via the Pikes Peak Highway.

title: Audi Pikes Peak quattro

text: The Pikes Peak quattro was named after the famed hillclimbing course, Pikes Peak in the Rocky Mountains, which they had taken overall wins and broken records during the 1980s, due to the off-road capability of the Audi Quattro and the Audi Sport Quattro.

title: Pike County, Kentucky

text: Pike County was founded on December 19, 1821. The county was named for General Zebulon Pike, the explorer who discovered Pikes Peak. Between 1860 and 1891 the Hatfield-McCoy feud raged in Pike and in bordering Mingo County, West Virginia. On May 6, 1893, Pikeville officially became a city and the county seat.

title: Zebulon Pike

text: In early November 1806, Pike and his team sighted and tried to climb to the summit of the peak later named after him (Pikes Peak). They made it as far as Mt. Rosa, located southeast of Pikes Peak, before giving up the ascent in waist-deep snow. They had already gone almost two days without food.

title: Pikes Peak granite

text: The Pikes Peak granite is a 1.08 billion year old widespread geologic formation found in the central part of the Front Range of Colorado. It is a coarse-grained pink to light red syenogranite with minor gray monzogranite, and it has a distinctive brick-red appearance where it outcrops. The granite gets its name from the Pikes Peak, which is made up almost entirely of this rock.

title: Pikes Peak (Missouri)

text: Pikes Peak most likely takes its name from the taller Pikes Peak, in the Rocky Mountains.

title: Pike County, Alabama

text: Pike County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census the population was 32,899. Its county seat is Troy. Its name is in honor of General Zebulon Pike, of New Jersey, an explorer who led an expedition to southern Colorado and discovered Pikes Peak in 1806.