query: When did Ekiden start?

title: Hakone Ekiden

text: In the meantime, the first ekiden, Tokaido ekidentohokyoso(東海道駅伝徒歩競走) was held in 1917 between Sanjō Ōhashi, Kyoto and Ueno Shinobazunoike(上野不忍池) Tokyo, celebrating 50 years after Tokyo became the capital. This race was a big relay race between Kyoto and Tokyo (516km) held by Yomiuri Shimbun for three days. It succeeded and became the original form of Hakone Ekiden. Kanaguri was influenced by the success of the race and persuaded many universities that they should race in the Hakone Ekiden. As a result, Waseda Univ., Keio Univ., Meiji Univ. and Tokyo Kōshi replied to his offer and Hakone Ekiden started. Hakone Ekiden was started with great energy of the pioneers in Japanese sports society. It started during World War I, so industrial areas gradually expanded to the west and the Tokaido road was widened. Reflecting this active atmosphere, the Japanese sports society, including ekiden one, were developing great challenging spirits at that time.

title: Ekiden

text: Other major collegiate ekiden races include Western Japan Regional University Women's Ekiden, Eastern Japan Regional University Women's Ekiden, National Invitational Ekiden

title: Hakone Ekiden

text: Izumo Ekiden All Japan University Ekiden

title: Ekiden

text: The All-Japan Women's Corporate (Jitsugyodan) Ekiden Championship are held in mid December after 3 regional qualifying ekiden.

title: Ekiden

text: Brussels Ekiden: (for sponsorship reasons named Acerta Brussels Ekiden and later Adecco Brussels Ekiden) has been taking place in the Belgian capital since 2004. Over 1,400 teams and 8,000 runners participated in 2017 [50]

title: Lisa Jane Weightman

text: Weightman started out as a track runner but had her first success in cross country running, winning the under-23 section of the national championships in 2003. She took part in the Chiba Ekiden road relay competition the following year and finished ninth. In 2006, she became a double national champion when she topped the podium in the 10,000 metres and half marathon events, and she returned to the Chiba Ekiden to improve to fourth place in her stage.

title: Ekiden

text: The lengths of ekiden in Japan can vary greatly, as can the number of runners on a team. For example, in the national junior high ekiden championship, 5 girls cover 12 kilometers and 6 boys cover 18 kilometers. The national high school championship involves 5 girls in a 21 kilometer race and 7 boys in a 42.195 kilometer race, the length of the modern Olympic marathon. In the national inter-prefecture championships, 9 women run 42.195 kilometers and 7 men run 48 kilometers. For the collegiate Hakone Ekiden, a 2-day event, 10 male athletes for each team run 219 kilometers. Each runner covers just over a half marathon. The mid-December National Corporate Women's Ekiden Championships, 6 runners cover 42.195 kilometers. In the January 1 National Corporate Men's Ekiden Championships, 7 runners cover 100.0 kilometers. For the mid-January national open championships (teams composed of selected junior high, high school and open athletes), the distances are 42.195 for the women and 48.0 for the men. Notably in distance, in the Round-Kyūshū Ekiden, a 10 days event, 72 segments cover 1064 kilometers around Kyushu Island and it is the longest relay race in the world.[4]

title: Japan Collegiate Ekiden Championships

text: On the first Sunday of November, the men compete in the 8 stage, 106.8 kilometer National Collegiate Ekiden Championship in Aichi and Mie Prefectures. This race is the second of the season's big three, the first being the Izumo Ekiden and the last being the Hakone Ekiden. Here, 27 teams battle for the national title. The race starts in front of Atsuta Shrine in Nagoya City and then proceeds out of the city, along the coast and 106.8 kilometers later to Ise Grand Shrine in Ise, Mie Prefecture. Two versions of the course map are available: the meet website's own map, and TV Asahi's google map version. TV Asahi provides 2011 video highlights.

title: Hakone Ekiden

text: Hakone Ekiden(箱根駅伝), which is officially called Tokyo-Hakone Round-Trip College Ekiden Race(東京箱根間往復大学駅伝競走,Tōkyō Hakone kan Ōfuku Daigaku Ekiden Kyōsō),[1] is one of the most prominent university ekiden (relay marathon) races of the year held between Tokyo and Hakone in Japan on January 2 and 3. The race is telecast on Nippon Television.

title: Tudorita Chidu

text: The second a final global medal of Chidu's career was earned at the 1995 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She finished the senior race in 22nd position, which was sufficient to help the Romanian women's team of Gabriela Szabo, Elena Fidatof and Iulia Negura into the bronze medal spot. Individually, she won the Chiba International Cross Country that season. She made international appearances for Romania in the ekiden road relay and won both her legs of the Yokohama International Women's Ekiden and Beijing International Women’s Ekiden in 1995. Despite still being in her twenties, she did not compete at any major competitions after 1995.

text: The men have a slightly different pattern (men's divisions detailed in Japanese). One of the men's qualifying races is the Kyushu men's qualifying race (7 stages, 78.8 km, 48th on November 23, 2011), which begins in Fukuoka City and ends in Kita Kyushu city; 2010 video. Other regionals include Kansai Jitsugyodan Ekiden (2010 - 53rd, held in Tabe), Chubu Jitsugyodan Ekiden (2010 - 50th, held in Gero, Gifu), Hokuriku Jitsugyodan Ekiden (2010 - 40th, held in Gero, Gifu), and Chugoku Jitsugyodan Ekiden (2010 - 49th, held in Sera, Hiroshima).

title: Ekiden

text: The ekiden is run in heats, so that each category has its own start time. Preregistration for this annual event is open during the second and third week of November, at the Shibuya Sports Center and the Ward Central Office.

title: All-Japan Women's Corporate Ekiden Championships

title: Ekiden

text: The Tama-ko Ekiden near Lake Tama on the Lake Tama Bicycle Trail is an example of a citizen's ekiden, hosted by the city of Higashi Yamato in western Tokyo, south of the lake.

title: Ekiden

text: On the first Sunday of November, the men compete in the 8 stage, 106.8 kilometer National Collegiate Ekiden Championship in Aichi and Mie Prefectures.[17] This race is the second of the season's big three, the first being the Izumo Ekiden and the last being the Hakone Ekiden. Here, 27 teams battle for the national title. The race starts in front of Atsuta Shrine in Nagoya City and then proceeds out of the city, along the coast and 106.8 kilometers later to Ise Grand Shrine in Ise, Mie Prefecture.

title: Ekiden

text: The All-Japan Interprefectural Ekiden Championships are held in January. The Empress Cup – Interprefectural Women's Ekiden is held in Kyoto, on the third Sunday in January. The Interprefectural Men's Ekiden is held in Hiroshima, in recent years on the fourth Sunday of January.

title: Ekiden

text: Honolulu Ekiden & Music Festival: The first annual Honolulu Ekiden & Music Festival was held on May 12, 2013. Certified by the USATF the course consists of six different sections; the course totals 42.195km/26 miles . Starting at the base of Diamond Head at Kapiolani Park, the course progresses eastward along the coast and winds past Hanauma Bay with a turnaround point at Sandy Beach Park. A maximum number of six (6) runners may participate on a team. For teams with less than six members, a runner or runners may run more than one section consecutively. Individual runners are also welcome to participate.[48]

title: Ekiden

text: In addition to the abovementioned Hakone Ekiden at the beginning of the new year, there are many other collegiate ekiden races.

text: The All-Japan Interprefectural Ekiden Championships are two annual ekiden (road running relay) competitions between the 47 Prefectures of Japan. The championships are both held in January and are divided by gender. The Empress Cup - Interprefectural Women's Ekiden is held in Kyoto on the third Sunday in January. The Interprefectural Men's Ekiden is held in Hiroshima in recent years on the fourth Sunday of January.

title: Japan Collegiate Ekiden Championships

text:
The collegiate ekiden championships in Japan are held for women and for men. The women's championship is in late October and the men's championship is in early November. These dates are relatively early in the ekiden season, with several other major races in subsequent months.
The annual All-Japan Collegiate Women's Ekiden Championship, begun in 1981 and also called Morinomiyako Ekiden, is held in Sendai Miyage Prefecture at the end of October. It is a 6-stage, 38.6 kilometer race from Miyagi Track and Field Grounds to Sendai City Hall. Video showing Sendai course and terrain. The race is broadcast nationwide from Sendai on Nihon Television broadcast home page (in Japanese).

title: Dynamic software updating

text: Ekiden and Kitsune are two variants of a single DSU system that implements the state-transfer style of DSU for programs written in C. Rather than updating functions within a single program, Ekiden and Kitsune perform updates over whole programs, transferring necessary state between the two executions. While Ekiden accomplishes this by starting a new program using the UNIX idiom of fork-exec, serializing the target program's state, and transferring it, Kitsune uses dynamic linking to perform "in-place" state transfer. Kitsune is derived from Ekiden's codebase, and can be considered a later version of Ekiden.

title: New Year Ekiden

text: The New Year Ekiden, (officially the ), is an annual men's ekiden (road running relay) over 100 kilometres which takes place in Japan's Gunma Prefecture on 1 January. The race is a national championship contested between Japan's corporate (business) running teams. There is also an annual championship race for women in Japan – the Women's Corporate Ekiden Championships. The race starts and ends in the city of Maebashi and the course passes through the major cities within the prefecture, including Takasaki, Isesaki, Ota and Kiryu. The relay is divided into seven legs of varying lengths that alternate on a frequent basis. The 2012 race was divided as follows: 12.3 km, 8.3 km, 13.6 km, 22 km, 15.8 km, 12.5 km and 15.5 km.

title: Ekiden

text: January 2 and 3 is the date for the annual Hakone Ekiden. The Izumo and National Collegiate ekidens plus the Hakone Ekiden have been coined the triple crown of collegiate ekiden.[21]

title: Hakone Ekiden

text: Hakone Ekiden was started in 1920.[6] Shizo Kanaguri, who is known as the father of the Japanese marathon, conceived the idea. His enthusiastic idea of bringing up a runner who could compete in the world became the driving force of establishing Hakone Ekiden. When Kanaguri was a Tokyo Koto Shihan school (Koshi) student, he participated in Olympic Games in Stockholm in 1912 as one of the representative Japanese marathon runners. He had to give up his race on the way, however.[7]

title: Ekiden

text: Ekidens are usually road races, and as such require intensive route management and police traffic control. Cross country races can include grass, mud, sand, and steep slopes. Each ekiden competitor runs a different distance, whereas all cross country runners run the same course and start at the same time . Some Japanese high school ekiden stages are longer and some stages are shorter than the "standard" 5000 meters for USA high school cross country (see below). Ekiden competition does not highlight the single individual winner of the race as in cross country, but ekiden analysis does highlight individual fastest runners in each stage; these runners may be in the middle of the field. Each ekiden runner has to run without reference to his or her own teammates for help in judging pace,[7] whereas cross country team races can include strategies like "pack" running. This same contrast can be made between track and ekiden; only the runners in the first ekiden stage run as a group; later stage runners must judge for themselves the appropriate pace and the decisions to challenge and pass other runners, whose abilities might be significantly different and whose position was determined by the efforts of preceding teammates.

title: New Year Ekiden

text: Teams gain qualification into the final ekiden race through a series of preliminaries which are principally conducted on a regional basis. Some qualifying competitions are for both men and women while others are single-sex qualifiers. The Eastern Japan Corporate Ekiden Championship qualifies men's and women's teams. The Kyushu men's qualifying race (Fukuoka City to Kita Kyushu city) is held in November. and others include the Kansai Jitsugyodan Ekiden in Tabe, the Chubu and Hokuriku Jitsugyodan Ekidens in Gero, and the Chugoku Jitsugyodan Ekiden in Sera, Hiroshima.

text: The All-Japan Men's Corporate Ekiden Championship, also called the New Year Ekiden, takes place in Japan's Gunma Prefecture on 1 January.

text: The All-Japan Corporate Ekiden Championships is a series of races contested between Japan's corporate (business) running teams. The structure involves regional qualifying races and a national championship for women and for men. The All-Japan Men's Corporate Ekiden Championship, also called the New Year Ekiden takes place in Japan's Gunma Prefecture on 1 January.

title: Ekiden

text: More than 20 Kansai area universities gather for the eight-stage, 83.6km Biwako University Ekiden. It has been likened to the Kanto area's Hakone Ekiden.[18]

title: Mizuno Ekiden

text: Mizuno Ekiden is an annual marathon race in Singapore that incorporates the ekiden concept, a Japanese long-distance relay race concept. Running By Trust and Not by Sight Straits Times, accessed 12 June 2016. Organised by Mizuno Singapore,Mizuno Ekiden Mizuno Asia, accessed May 20, 2016 Mizuno Corporation's regional headquarters for Asia Pacific, it is the first dedicated ekiden race in Singapore with no individual runner categories. The race is also Japanese themed with a matsuri (Japanese festival) race village at the finish line. The race village features Japanese cultural performances, booths selling Japanese cuisine and traditional games. Mizuno Brings Ekiden Race to Singapore Marketing Interactive, accessed 20 May 2016


query: What was the first volley gun?

title: Volley gun

text: The Ribauldequin was a medieval version of the volley gun. It had its barrels set up in parallel. This early version was first employed during the Hundred Years' War by the army of Edward III of England, in 1339. Later on, the late Swiss army employed it.

title: Volley gun

text: A few hand-held volley guns were also developed during the 18th and 19th centuries. One of the most distinctive was the "duck's foot" volley gun, a pistol with multiple barrels arranged in a splayed pattern, so that the firer could spray a sizable area with a single shot. The principle behind this type of pistol is one of confrontation by one person against a group; hence, it was popular among bank guards, prison wardens and sea captains in the early 19th century.

title: Artillery

text: A modern version of the earlier "time on target" is a concept in which fire from different weapons was timed to arrive on target at the same time. It is possible for artillery to fire several shells per gun at a target and have all of them arrive simultaneously, which is called MRSI (Multiple Rounds Simultaneous Impact). This is because there is more than one trajectory for the rounds to fly to any given target: typically one is below 45 degrees from horizontal and the other is above it, and by using different size propelling charges with each shell, it is possible to create multiple trajectories. Because the higher trajectories cause the shells to arc higher into the air, they take longer to reach the target and so if the shells are fired on these trajectories for the first volleys (starting with the shell with the most propellant and working down) and then after the correct pause more volleys are fired on the lower trajectories, the shells will all arrive at the same time. This is useful because many more shells can land on the target with no warning. With traditional volleys along the same trajectory, anybody at the target area may have time (however long it takes to reload and re-fire the guns) to take cover between volleys. However, guns capable of burst fire can deliver several rounds in 10 seconds if they use the same firing data for each, and if guns in more than one location are firing on one target they can use Time on Target procedures so that all their shells arrive at the same time and target.

title: Big O (mecha)

text: The first one is the , a pair of gatling-style guns contained within Big O's forearms, first used during "Negotiations with The Dead". Once activated, the armor covering the forearm opens exposing four gun barrels. The rotating barrels fire energy volleys at high-speed, while generating a ring of energy that explodes on impact.

title: Volley gun

text: The Spanish Navy uses a volley gun system, the Meroka, which consists of twelve Oerlikon 20mm cannons mounted in a tight cluster with an externally powered automatic loading system. It delivers an exceptionally high rate of fire for a very short burst, and reloads in less than 0.3 seconds. This makes it suitable for close-range defense against missiles, aircraft and small boats.

title: Volley gun

text: A volley gun is a gun with several barrels for firing a number of shots, either simultaneously or in succession. They differ from modern machine guns in that they lack automatic loading and automatic fire and are limited by the number of barrels bundled together.

title: List of weapons in the American Civil War

text: The Confederate used the hand-cranked single barrel Williams Gun and the Vandenburgh volley gun, a volley gun similar to the French mitrailleuse.

title: Ripley machine gun

text: The Ripley Machine Gun was a volley gun, an early precursor of the machine gun, which was patented in 1861 by Ezra Ripley. Although it is likely that it was never actually produced, it demonstrated a number of basic concepts that were employed in the design of the Gatling Gun that was patented the following year.

title: Henry Nock

text: James Wilson came to Nock in 1779 to make the prototypes for his volley gun design. Nock won the subsequent competitive bid for the production of the gun. The weapon is consequently commonly referred to as the Nock gun. Nock also produced some volley guns and volley pistols for the civilian market but in very small numbers. This included a set of these weapons for the Royal Household which is still in the Queen's collection today. This set is not standard production. It has, for instance, silver mounts by Mark Bock, a London silversmith.

title: Sailing ship tactics

text: Gunports cut in the hull of ships had been introduced as early as 1501. According to tradition the inventor was a Breton shipwright called Descharges, but it is just as likely to have been a gradual adaptation of loading ports in the stern of merchant vessels that had already been in use for centuries. Initially, the gunports were used to mount heavy so-called stern chasers pointing aft, but soon gun ports migrated to the sides of ships. This made possible coordinated volleys from all the guns on one side of a ship, broadsides, for the first time in history, at least in theory. Guns in the 16th century were considered to be in fixed positions and were intended to be fired independently rather than in concerted volleys. It was not until the 1590s that the word "broadside" in English was commonly used to refer to gunfire from the side of a ship rather than the ship's side itself.

title: Machine gun

text: In the early and mid-19th century, a number of rapid-firing weapons appeared which offered multi-shot fire, mostly volley guns. Volley guns (such as the Mitrailleuse) and double barreled pistols relied on duplicating all parts of the gun, though the Nock gun used the otherwise-undesirable "chain fire" phenomenon (where multiple chambers are ignited at once) to propagate a spark from a single flintlock mechanism to multiple barrels. Pepperbox pistols also did away with needing multiple hammers but used multiple manually operated barrels. Revolvers further reduced this to only needing a pre-prepared cylinder and linked advancing the cylinder to cocking the hammer. However, these were still manually operated.

title: 21-gun salute

text: A gun salute is not to be confused with the three-volley salute often rendered at military funerals.

title: Volley fire

text: Already in the American Civil War and the Franco-Prussian War, the development of modern weapons had devastating effects on the infantry, which still operated in basically 18th century style. The infantry itself also was equipped with rifles that fired faster and more accurate than the flintlock muskets, such as the French Chassepot and the Prussian needle rifle. It wasn't until World War I however that the linear tactics and volley fire were finally abandoned, after in the first stages of the war, relentless fire from artillery and machine guns had decimated the armies, and the infantry had no option but to dig in and hide in trenches. In modern times the use of volley fire is limited, since automatic weapons can devastate massed infantry on their own without volley fire formations.

title: Volley gun

text: Two notable artillery-sized volley guns were developed in the mid-19th century, although neither was particularly successful in practice. Developed in the 1860s and based on an 1850s design by a captain Fafschamps, the French mitrailleuse is an example of a multi-barreled volley gun that could fire all of its barrels simultaneously or sequentially over a short period of time. Also developed in the 1860s, General Origen Vandenburgh of the New York State Militia designed a weapon that had eighty five parallel .50 caliber rifle barrels. After failing to sell the weapon to the United Kingdom, he reportedly sold a small number to the Confederate States of America, although there is no record that they were actually used. One Vandenburgh gun was located at Fort Fisher, North Carolina, and another reportedly at Salisbury, NC.

title: Wilkinson Sword

text: Henry Nock began trading as a gunlock smith out of Mount Pleasant in London in 1772. In 1775, he formed Nock, Jover & Co. with William Jover and John Green. The American Revolutionary War led to strong sales for the new company. In 1776, the Board of Ordnance granted Nock, Jover & Co. an advance of £200 to start producing bayonets and in 1779 the company won a contract to produce 500 seven-barreled volley guns for the Royal Navy. Although designed by James Wilson, these would become known as Nock Volley Guns or Nock guns.

title: Fathullah Shirazi

text: Among the inventions credited to him was an early anti-infantry volley gun with multiple gun barrels similar to a hand cannon's.

title: Volley gun

text: A breech-loading volley gun that was reloaded using multiple breech pieces, similar to the later mitrailleuse, was developed in France in 1775 by a Du Perron.[4]

title: Broadside

text: Gunports cut in the hull of ships had been introduced as early as 1501. According to tradition the inventor was a Breton shipwright called Descharges, but it is just as likely to have been a gradual adaptation of loading ports in the stern of merchant vessels that had already been in use for centuries. Initially, the gunports were used to mount heavy so-called stern chasers pointing aft, but soon gun ports migrated to the sides of ships. This made possible coordinated volleys from all the guns on one side of a ship for the first time in history, at least in theory. Guns in the 16th century were considered to be in fixed positions and were intended to be fired independently rather than in concerted volleys. It was not until the 1590s that the word "broadside" in English was commonly used to refer to gunfire from the side of a ship rather than the ship's side itself.

title: Volley gun

text: Multiple barrel firearm Organ gun Wall gun Double-barreled cannon Ripley machine gun Nock gun

title: Giuseppe Marco Fieschi

text: The two contrived the plan for an "infernal machine", a Volley gun with 25 gun-barrels which could be fired simultaneously. Morey took the plan to Theodore Pepin, chief of the Society of the Rights of Man "Section Rome". After a meeting they decided to build the weapon, splitting the cost of 500 francs between Pepin and Morey, with the penniless Fieschi building it and being paid for it. After much drama the volley gun was completed and ready to be used. The gun was built in the place it was intended to be used – a four-room apartment on the third floor of n° 50 Boulevard du Temple. This was on the expected route the King and his entourage would take during the annual review of the Paris National Guard.

title: Multiple-barrel firearm

text: Multiple barrel firearms date back to the 14th century, when the first primitive volley guns were developed. They are made with several barrels for firing a number of shots, either simultaneously or in succession. They differ from modern machine guns in that they lack automatic loading and automatic fire and are limited by the number of barrels bundled together.

title: Volley gun

text: A number of designs of electronically fired explosive-propulsion projectile weapons and non-explosive projectile weapons were developed by Metal Storm Limited which had some similarities to 18th-century volley guns, particularly in that they use many barrels which can be fired all at once or in sequence such as the Nordenfelt gun. These designs met with little commercial interest and Metal Storm Limited entered administration in 2012.

title: Ripley machine gun

text: The weapon was probably never built, and was passed over in favor of volley guns like the Billinghurst Requa Battery.

title: 21-gun salute

text: The three-volley gun salute can also occur in the death of the low ranking military officials and soldiers who died heroically in combat while the 21-guns are reserved upon news of the deaths of national leaders. The normal 21-gun salute is also given to visiting heads of state upon their arrival at Malacañang Palace, with the guns manned by the Presidential Security Group.

title: Volley gun

text: In July 1835, Giuseppe Marco Fieschi used a home-made, 25-barrel volley gun to attempt the assassination of King Louis Philippe I in Paris.[5] He fired the weapon from a third floor window while the king and his entourage were passing in the street below. Although 18 people were killed, the king only received a minor wound. The gun barrels had been sold as scrap by a government arsenal after being labeled as defective and four of them burst when fired.[5] Fieschi was badly injured and was quickly captured. He and two others involved in the plot were condemned to death and guillotined in 1836. His volley gun, known as the Machine infernale, is preserved at the Museum of French History.

title: Volley fire

text: The musket volley fire technique may have been used in Japan as well as early as 1575 at the Battle of Nagashino by Oda Nobunaga's arquebusiers. But this has been called into dispute in recent years by J.S.A. Elisonas and J.P. Lamers in their translation of "The Chronicle of Oda Nobunaga" by Ota Gyuichi. In Lamers' "Japonius" he says that "whether or not Nobunaga actually operated with three rotating ranks cannot be determined on the basis of reliable evidence." They claim that the version of events describing volley fire was written several years after the battle, and an earlier account says to the contrary that guns were fired en masse. However both Korean and Chinese sources note that Japanese gunners were making use of volley fire during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98).

title: Volley gun

text: On the continent, 16th century Aragon developed a 15-barrel volley gun; German and Polish gunsmiths invented handheld multi-barrel guns. These were sometimes combination sword and axe pistols such as Henry VIII's Walking Staff, a 3-barreled gun and battle mace. Henry VIII also owned a multi-barreled German wheel lock rifle capable of firing a superimposed charge.[3]

title: Volley gun

text: The Nock gun resembled a conventional flintlock musket with seven barrels hexagonally brazed around a central barrel. All seven .46 caliber (12 mm) barrels were connected to the single flintlock pan in a manner intended to produce simultaneous discharge through row ignition, but one or more barrels frequently failed to fire. The gun was invented by James Wilson in 1779 and manufactured by Henry Nock for use through the Napoleonic Wars. Five hundred Nock guns were produced for the Royal Navy intended for use in repelling boarders or to clear an enemy deck in advance of friendly boarding parties. Admiral Howe's fleet was issued twenty guns for each ship of the line and twelve guns for each frigate. Recoil of the 13-pound (5.9 kg) Nock gun caused dislocated shoulders and clavicle fractures among the sailors firing Nock guns; and the muzzle flash from simultaneous discharge of multiple barrels could ignite canvas sail when fired from positions in the rigging. The Nock volley gun was considered obsolete by 1805, but a surviving weapon was carried by Richard Widmark in the 1960 movie The Alamo. The Nock gun was recently brought to public attention by its inclusion in Bernard Cornwell's Sharpe novels where it was wielded by both Sharpe and his friend and colleague Sergeant Patrick Harper.[1]

title: Three-volley salute

text: It should not be confused with the 21-gun salute (or 19-gun or 17-gun, etc.) which is fired by a battery of artillery pieces.

title: Ribauldequin

text: A Ribauldequin, also known as a rabauld, ribault, ribaudkin, infernal machine or organ gun, was a late medieval volley gun with many small-caliber iron barrels set up parallel on a platform, in use during the 14th and 15th centuries. When the gun was fired in a volley, it created a shower of iron shot. They were employed, specifically, during the early fifteenth century, and continued serving, mostly, as an anti-personnel gun. The name "organ gun" comes from the resemblance of the multiple barrels to a pipe organ.


query: What city did Irfan Khan Pathan grow up in?

title: Irfan Pathan

text: Pathan was born 27 October 1984 in Baroda, Gujarat, India and is of Pashtun (Pathan) ancestry, belonging to the Pathan community in Gujarat.[6] He grew up with his elder brother Yusuf in a mosque in Vadodara, in an impoverished family. His father served as the muezzin. Although their parents wished them to become Islamic scholars, Pathan and his brother took an interest in cricket. Their games on the grounds off and inside the mosque often necessitated apologies from their father to Muslim worshippers who visited it. In the beginning his deliveries did not reach the other end of the cricket pitch, but rigorous six-hour training sessions in blazing heat and his family's sense of discipline saw him progress steadily.

title: Vadodara

text: Vadodara has a professional cricket team, the Baroda cricket team, as well as the oldest cricket ground in Asia, called Moti Baug. The team has won the Ranji Trophy six times. Reliance Stadium, a private cricket ground owned by Reliance Industries, hosts ODIs. Some of the notable cricketer's from Baroda are Atul Bedade, Nayan Mongia, Irfan Pathan, Yusuf Pathan, Hardik Pandya, Kiran More, Krunal Pandya, Deepak Hooda, Ambati Rayudu.Former Indian pacer Zaheer Khan also grew up here.

title: Irfan Pathan

text: He was selected for the Commonwealth Bank Series, playing four games and scoring 96 runs at an average of 24 with a top score of 47. He also succeeded in taking 6 wickets at an average of 31.16; his best figures were 3/16. His strong performances led to his inclusion in the Asia Cup squad. He played three matches and did not get a chance to bat but he proved himself with the ball taking 4/32 in the first match of the series against Sri Lanka. He picked up two more wickets in the next two games. He was the part of the team touring South Africa for the one T20 played on 31 March 2012 where he had figures of 4–0–44–1 but was yet to bat. Pathan also played for the Delhi Daredevils the Indian Premier League in 2012, taking only 8 wickets from 17 matches with an average of 58.12.[71] BCCI announced on 13 July 2012 inclusion of Irfan Pathan in the Indian team for the tour of Sri Lanka as a replacement to the injured Vinay Kumar.[72] With his all round performance, India managed to win four of the five ODIs and the lone T20 match in the next series in Sri Lanka.[73] Pathan emerged as the top wicket taker with a 5-wicket haul.[74]

title: Indian cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2008–09

text: India's squad for the ODI series was announced on 18 January. The squad included: Sachin Tendulkar, Ishant Sharma, Suresh Raina, Irfan Pathan, Pragyan Ojha, Zaheer Khan, Gautam Gambhir, Yuvraj Singh, Rohit Sharma, Virender Sehwag, Yusuf Pathan, Munaf Patel, Praveen Kumar, Ravindra Jadeja. Mahendra Singh Dhoni was both the captain and the wicketkeeper. It was Ravindra Jadeja's maiden call up to the national Indian squad. Praveen Kumar also returned after being dropped for the home ODI series against England. Kumar and Jadeja replaced Harbhajan Singh who was injured and Virat Kohli who was dropped in favour of the all rounder Jadeja. After the first ODI Munaf Patel sustained a groin injury and Lakshmipathy Balaji was called up to the squad after a four-year hiatus having last played for India in 2005.

title: Yusuf Pathan

text: Yusuf Pathan () (born 17 November 1982) is an Indian cricketer. Pathan made his debut in first-class cricket in 2001/02. He is a powerful and aggressive batsman and a right-arm offbreak bowler. His younger brother Irfan Pathan is also an Indian cricketer.

title: Baroda Cricket Association

text: Currently, Irfan Pathan, Yusuf Pathan and Zaheer Khan who has recently opted to play for Mumbai. There are also young players like Pinal Shah, Ajitesh Argal who are knocking the doors of International Cricket.

title: Pathans of Tamil Nadu

text: Unlike some other parts of the Indian subcontinent, Islam did not reach South India through conquests, but by the peaceful migrations of Arab traders in the 7th century AD. The first recorded presence of Pathans in Tamil Nadu was as a part of Malik Kafur's army in the 14th century AD. A Pathan general in the service of Muhammad bin Tughluq, Jalaluddin Ahsan Khan founded the Madurai Sultanate which ruled the city of Madurai and surrounding areas for 43 years before being ousted by the Vijayanagar Empire in 1378.

title: Irfan Pathan

text: Pathan was a part of the Indian squad for the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 tournament in Sri Lanka.[75] In the Ranji Trophy 2012–13 opener against Karnataka, Pathan raised his First-class top-score to 121 with his 3rd domestic hundred.[76] But, he injured his knee during match and only made comeback to cricket in March 2013. In 2014 he was picked up by Sunrisers Hyderabad to play in the Indian Premier League.[77]

title: Pathans of Uttar Pradesh

text: In Saharanpur district there are more than 50 villages and colonies where Kakar pathans are living from the mughal period which is called "Kakro Ki Bawni" means 52 villages of Kakar pathans. Some are Harpal, Khera Afghan, Titron, Ambehta Peer, Dhurala, Jajwa, Bambiyala, Aabha and Pathan pura, Papri, Nagla Jhanda (Jhandia), Sansarpur, Harpal, Pathed, Chaura Kalan, Pithori, Sarsawa, Deoband, Nakur, Kairana, Kailashpur, Nanauta papri, basi chundhyari, tanda, ballamjra,butrara, taprana,etc. where Nakur Deoband and Sarsawa also have a significant population of yusufzai people among the pathans and the city has considerable population of various type of pathans. Mansoor Ali Khan ex member of parliament from the saharanpur loksabha seat is a Kakar pathan and his uncle Mahmood Ali Khan had been elected as MLA several time. Other notable name late.yamin khan mukhiya first chairman of titro,late. nizam ali khan from butrara, late. Zafar ali khan from tanda all was kakar pathans. And now a young name is nawazish khan from harpal

title: Irfan Pathan

text: At the start of the 2003–04 season, Pathan played in the domestic Challenger Trophy for the first time. Representing India A, he had little success, taking two wickets at 79.00 at an economy rate of 5.85,[10] and he did not force his way into India's limited-overs team.[9][10][14]

title: Irfan Pathan

text: Irfan Pathan was recalled for India's ODI squad for last two matches of five match one-day series against West Indies in December 2011,[69] and played in last match of the series, picking the wicket of first ball.[70]

title: Pathans of Punjab

text: The Niazi Pathans mainly live in the areas of Punjab like Mianwali, Khanewal and many other cities of Punjab. Notable and famous Niazis are Imran Khan, Attaullah Khan Esakhelvi, Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi, Misbah-ul-Haq, Munir Niazi, Ghulam Akbar Khan Niazi, Sher Afgan Niazi, Inamullah Niazi, Mansoor Aslam Khan Niazi (Sami Khan), Taifoor Khan Niazi, (TV Actor & Brother of Sami Khan), Shadab Khan, The Khan's of Isakhel the owners/sardars of the area (Khawaneens). (Rokhri Tribe is not Niazi)

title: Cricket Academy of Pathans

text:
The Cricket Academy of Pathans is a cricket academy in Vadodara, Gujarat. The academy was jointly launched by Irfan Pathan and Yusuf Pathan.Also CAP is part of 12 Cities like New Delhi,Noida,Patna,Surat etc.The academy has tied up with former India coach Greg Chappell and Cameron Tradell as chief mentors. It is considered as a failed operation by many cricket critics. Chappell would coach the coaches of the Academy.
It has many branches over India including Ludhiyana,Panjab; Kota, Rajasthan; Patna, Bihar; Ranchi, Jharkhand; Bangalore, Karnataka etc.

title: Tere Mere Beach Mein

text: The first season of the show featured some well-known celebrities like Priyanka Chopra, Shahrukh Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Bipasha Basu, John Abraham, Irfan Pathan, Yusuf Pathan, Vijender Singh, Shahid Kapoor and several others. The first episode had Salman Khan, who appeared with his mother Sushila Charak Khan, while the last episode featured Shahrukh Khan.

title: Irfan Pathan

text: After taking 1/12 and 3/25 in warm-up matches against the Netherlands and the West Indies in the Caribbean, Pathan did not play a match at the World Cup,[18] and was among a group of players to be dropped from the squad following India's exit from the first round.[52] He played no part in the tours of Bangladesh and England.[53][54] Instead, he was sent on an India A tour of Africa.[55] Two years after devastating the Zimbabwean batsmen, he played against a Zimbabwe Select XI, he took only six wickets at 30.16 in two matches, and then took eight wickets at 18.12 in two matches against Kenya. India won all four matches, and Pathan scored 87 runs at 21.75.[10] Pathan then took six wickets at 23.83 and scored 93 runs at 31.00 in four one-dayers.[10]

title: Pakistani cricket team in India in 2007–08

text: Bowler Anil Kumble was named India's Test captain for the series. A 14-member squad was announced on 14 November for the first two Tests; Gautam Gambhir, Virender Sehwag and Irfan Pathan made way for spinners Harbhajan Singh and Murali Kartik. After S. Sreesanth and R. P. Singh were ruled out of the First Test owing to shoulder injury and an oblique abdominal strain respectively, Ishant Sharma and Munaf Patel, the latter recovering from injury himself, were drafted into the squad. After they lost Zaheer Khan to injury after the Second Test, India called in Irfan Pathan and V. R. V. Singh to their side for the Third. Pakistan named the same side for the Test series that played the ODIs. After Umar Gul was returned home following an injury sustained in the First Test, all-rounder Yasir Arafat was named as his replacement. Captain Shoaib Malik was ruled out of the Third Test upon failing a fitness test following an injury he suffered in the First Test. Subsequently, Younus Khan was asked to lead the side.

title: Irfan Pathan

text: Irfan Khan Pathan (Gujarati: ઇરફાન પઠાણ) (pronunciation; born 27 October 1984) is an Indian cricketer who plays all formats of the game.He is a bowling all rounder. He plays for Jammu & Kashmir in domestic cricket. He was an important member of 2007 ICC World Twenty20 winning squad of India winning squad of India.[1]

title: Baroda Cricket Association

text: Many past and present India national cricket team players, such as Nayan Mongia, Zaheer Khan, and Irfan Pathan played at some point for Baroda.

title: Irfan Khan (singer)

text: Irfan Khan was born on May 5, 1982 in Mardan, Pakistan his father worked as a Manager for a Pakistani Bank. Irfan started his education at the age of 6 in Swat and later on in Azad Kashmir. He did his Matriculation examination (10th grade) from Peshawar Model School, intermediate examinations (12th grade) from Edwardes College, Peshawar and got his BA Degree in Communication Design from the University of Peshawar and Degree in hospitility and hotel management

title: Irfan Pathan

text: The Cricket Academy Of Pathans was jointly launched by Irfan Pathan and Yusuf Pathan.The academy has tied up with former India coach Kapil Dev and Cameron Tradell as chief mentors. Chappell would coach the coaches of the Academy.[79]

title: Pathans of Uttar Pradesh

text: The district of Lucknow is a home to a number of Pathan communities, most found in towns referred to locally as qasbas, such as Malihabad. In the city of Lucknow, there are communities of Mohmands, Shinwari Yousafzais, Lodi, Bangash and Ghoris. While in the district, the Pathans are found mainly in the qasbas of Malihabad, Bhaktiyarnagar, Khalispur, rasoolpur and Garhi Sanjar Khan. Mohammad Azeem Khan and their sons Mohammad Waseem Khan, Mohammad Naseem Khan, Mohammad Faheem Khan and Mohammad Qaseem Khan some Great Pathans of Rasoolpur. Unlike other Uttar Pradesh Pathans, a significant numbers are Shia Muslims. Among the oldest settlers are the Bazid khel Pathans of Jowaki Division of Adam Khel clan who are an Afridi Tribe from Kohat mentioned in several historical records including the Gazetteer of the Kohat District, published in 1883-84.

title: Yusuf Pathan

text: The Cricket Academy of Pathans was jointly launched by Yusuf and Irfan Pathan. The academy has tied up with former India coach Greg Chappell and Cameron Tradell as chief mentors. Chappell coached the coaches of the academy.

title: Pathans of Uttar Pradesh

text: The Pathans of Farrukhabad region basically belongs to The Mughal dinesty,these mughals of UP are an endogamous community, marrying within their own community, or in communities of a similar status such as the Pathan and Muslim Rajput.The district of Farrukhabad was the centre of the Bangash kingdom, and as such home to a large settlement of Afridi Pathans, Gaziuddin khan belongs to the same family. Important settlement in the district include town of Qaimganj, and the villages of Pitaura, Kuberpur, Subhanpur, Gulami, Gadhi Izzat Khan, Gadhi Noor Khan, Chalaul, Lalbagh,kalakhail Pahadi and Ataipur Jadid. Most of the Pathan belong to the Bangash tribe, with smaller numbers of Ghori, Khattak and Yousafzai.

title: Pathans of Uttar Pradesh

text: Rampur has the largest number of Pathan population among the cities of western Uttar Pradesh, Some of the well known Pashtun families of Rampur are the Nawab family of Rampur, individually the well known Pashtuns personalities are Late Manzoor Ali Khan Alias Shannu Khan, Late Akhtar Ali Khan, Late Fazlehaq Khan, Afroz ali khan, Babar Ali Khan, Zubair Khan Prince, Mamoon Khah khan, Shahid Aijaz Khan, Faisal Khan lala, Dr.Tanveer Ahmad Khan,and Jugnu Khan.

title: Irfan Pathan

text: Pathan took 5/100 in the first innings of the Duleep Trophy final against South Zone. His fifth wicket brought up his 300th scalp at first-class level.[10] After cricket was engulfed in a series of corruption scandals in September 2010, Pathan told the media that he had received "three expensive gifts in his room" and, later, two further gifts that he could not afford. Pathan reported this to the team management as he thought the gifts might be from a bookmaker.[67][68]

title: Pathans of Uttar Pradesh

text: This district has some of the very early Pathan settlers near Gonda city and Colonelganj. The block Haldharmau is a notable area dominated by Pathans of Niyazi tribe. The name Haldharmau itself is said to be named because of the founder of the area Haldharmau Khan. According to traditional sayings and some old documents, two Niyazi Pathans settled near Gonda in early 12th century A.D., who had come there in those early waves of migrations during Ghaznawi period. Haldharmau, Mohammadpur and khinduri,Nindura are notable villages with large Pathan populations.Haldharmau is most popular among these villages. Notable people from Haldharmau area are Late.Faseeurrahman Munnan Khan(Ex-Member of Parliament (lok sabha,Ex-Member of legislative Assembly) Mohammad Aslam Khan(Advocate),Bilal Khan, Mohammad Adil Khan, Mohammad Asif Khan(Raising Business Tycoon), Mohd Zubair Khan(Social worker and good speaker Popularly known as NETA),Dr Sadir khan, KhanMahfooz Khan(Member of Legislative Council, UP), Waqaar Khan, Masood Alam Khan (Ex- Block Pramukh ,Ex- parliament candidate gonda BSP),Late.Abdul Majid Khan(Ex-Pradhan and Member zila panchayat). ZiaurRahman khan (young leader BSP) etc. This area has more than 12 villages with strong and influential presence of Pathans.

title: Irfan Pathan

text: Pathan married a Jeddah-based model, Safa Baig, on 4 February 2016, in Mecca.[7][8] Safa is the daughter of Mirza Farooq Baig. On December 20, 2016, Safa Baig gave birth to the couple's son Imran Khan Pathan.

title: Irfan Pathan

text: Beginning his career as a fast-medium swing and seam bowler, Pathan broke into the national team soon after turning 19, and evoked comparisons with Pakistan's Wasim Akram with his promising performances and prodigious swing. In early 2006, Pathan became the only bowler to take a Test hat-trick in the first over of the match (vs Pakistan at Karachi). However, the productive run did not last and after the start of 2006, Pathan began to steadily lose pace and swing, and his wicket-taking dwindled. Although Pathan's batting continued to be productive, he was not regarded as a specialist and was dropped from the team in both Tests and ODIs by the end of 2006, and by 2007 was no longer in the squad until return in 2007 World Twenty20.

title: Yusuf Pathan

text: Yusuf Pathan was born in Baroda, Gujarat, to a Gujarati Pathan family. He is the older brother of Indian cricketer Irfan Pathan. Yusuf married Mumbai based physiotherapist Afreen on. His wife gave birth to a boy on 17 April 2014.

title: Irfan Pathan

text: Irfan Pathan, along with players such as Vinod Kambli and Laxman Sivaramakrishnan, was included in the list of "India's lost boys" by Shashi Tharoor.[2]


query: When was Claire Labine born?

title: Claire Labine

text: Claire Vaughn Labine (née Wood; June 28, 1934 – November 11, 2016) was an American soap opera writer and producer.[1][2]

title: Matthew Labine

text: Matthew Labine (May 5, 1959 – September 1, 2017) was an American soap opera writer, the son of Claire Labine and the brother of Eleanor Labine Mancusi.

title: Claire Labine

text: 2001, Guiding Light 1996, General Hospital 1979, Ryan's Hope

title: Claire Labine

text: In addition to this, Labine won a Writers Guild of America Award for each year that she wrote the show. After ratings began to sag, Labine was replaced by associate head writer, Mary Ryan Munisteri. ABC asked Labine back in early 1983 when it became apparent that Munisteri was not improving the ratings. Labine was fired once again, later that year. During her absence from Ryan's Hope, Michael Brockman, former president of CBS Daytime, asked Labine to develop a new serial in 1986.

title: Claire Labine

text: (1978, 1981 & 1982, Outstanding Drama Series, Ryan's Hope)

title: Claire Labine

text: At one point, it was announced in the soap press that the Labines were departing, only to have the announcement recanted a week later. P&G did eventually replace the Labines the following year with writers Lloyd Gold and Christopher Dunn.

title: Ryan's Hope

text: By early 1987, with ratings sinking ever further, and many ABC affiliates dropping the show altogether, ABC asked Claire Labine to return as head writer, with her daughter, Eleanor Labine, as co-head writer. The Labines revitalized the show. A year after Labine's return, executive producer Joseph Hardy was replaced with Felicia Minei Behr.

title: Claire Labine

text: In 1996, Labine was offered the head writer role at As the World Turns but turned it down because she and her son Matthew Labine were trying to get HEART & SOUL [aka Union Place] on the air. "I had to turn it down because we were in the middle of that development. I said to Procter & Gamble, 'I am gratified by this offer, but if I have any chance at all...' I didn't think there was much chance but I thought it was worth a go to do our own show. And they were very lovely about it."

title: Paul Avila Mayer

text: Mayer was born May 28, 1928 in Los Angeles, California, the son of Edwin Justus Mayer and Frances O'Neill. He was married to actress and comedian Sasha Von Scherler, the daughter of Stephen and Ruth Litscher, who died in 2000 of lung disease. They had three children together, daughters Rachael, Ruth, and Daisy.Mayer was nominated for ten Daytime Emmy Awards in the categories Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series and Outstanding Daytime Drama Series, for his work on "Ryan's Hope". He was nominated annually except for 1982, from 1977 to 1984, and won eight times in 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1983, and 1984. His first win was shared with Claire Labine and Mary Ryan Munisteri, while his first nomination was shared with Labine and Robert Costello.

title: Tyler Labine

text: Labine was born in Brampton, Ontario, Canada, but grew up in Maple Ridge, British Columbia. He is the brother of actors Kyle Labine and Cameron Labine. He played the role of Dave Groves in "Invasion", and Bert "Sock" Wysocki in "Reaper", and Dale in the comedy-horror film "Tucker & Dale vs Evil". He played the lead character in the 2010 Fox comedy series "Sons of Tucson", but the show was cancelled after 4 episodes (the remaining 9 episodes that were shot aired that summer).

title: Claire Labine

text: Head writer: December 1996 – April 1998

title: Claire Labine

text: Script writer: 1966-1967

title: Eleanor Labine

text: Eleanor Labine Mancusi is an American television writer, the daughter of Claire Labine and the sister of Matthew and John.

title: Claire Labine

text: Labine co-wrote, with Judith Pinsker, the 1995 New York Times bestseller General Hospital tie-in novel Robin's Diary, based in the AIDS storyline between characters Stone Cates and Robin Scorpio.[3]

title: Claire Labine

text: Most recently, Labine had a short stint at CBS' Guiding Light. She was head writer of the show from 2000 through 2001. Labine shared the reins of GL with her children, Matthew Labine and Eleanor Labine. Rumors abounded throughout Labine's tenure at GL that she, Executive Producer Paul Rauch, and Executive in Charge of Production Mary Alice Dwyer-Dobbin had frequent arguments about the show's direction.

title: Claire Labine

text: Her proposal was entitled Celebration but never made it to the air. In 1987, Labine was asked by ABC to come back to Ryan's Hope. She accepted ABC's offer and remained with the show until 1989, when the show was cancelled.

title: Claire Labine

text: Head writer: September 1993 – March 1996

title: Claire Labine

text: In November 2009, Labine gave WeLoveSoaps.net an exclusive interview during which she discussed her struggles with ABC during Ryan's Hope, her enjoyment of writing General Hospital, and her less enjoyable experiences on One Life to Live and Guiding Light. She discussed details about her aborted project, Union Place, and insights into her illustrious career.[4]

title: Ryan's Hope

text: In late 1974, ABC Daytime approached Claire Labine and Paul Avila Mayer, the head writers of CBS' "Love of Life", about creating a new soap opera similar to "General Hospital". Labine and Mayer added a large Irish-American family — the Ryans — to what ABC was initially calling "City Hospital". Another of the show's working titles was "A Rage to Love," but that was soon changed. A pub theme originated with Mayer's and Labine's work on the earlier soap "Where The Heart Is": "On "WTHI" we had had a prolonged sequence with two characters who were having an affair... on the other side of town in a small Irish bar."

title: Kyle Labine

text: Jonathan Kyle Labine (born April 7, 1983) is a Canadian actor. His brothers Tyler Labine and Cameron Labine also work in the entertainment industry.

title: Claire Labine

text: Labine was born in Jacksonville, Florida on June 28, 1934.[2] She attended the University of Kentucky where her major was journalism, but later she switched to playwriting major at Columbia University's School of Dramatic Arts (now Columbia University School of the Arts).

title: Claire Labine

text: National Academy Of New York Arts And Sciences Silver Circle Recipient

title: Claire Labine

text: Head writer: August 2000 – July 2001

title: Claire Labine

text: In late 1974, ABC Daytime approached Labine about creating a new soap opera. The network wanted a soap opera similar to General Hospital. Ryan's Hope was created. While writing it, Ryan's Hope won six Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Writing and two Daytime Emmys for Outstanding Program.

title: Claire Labine

text: Co-head writer 1973–1975

title: Writers Guild of America Awards 1989

text: Ryan's Hope (Claire Labine, Matthew Labine, Eleanor Mancusi, William Burritt, Louise Shaffer, Paul Balido)

title: Claire Labine

text: Co-head writer: 1971–1973 Script writer: 1970–1971

title: Guiding Light (2000–09)

text:
Claire Labine took over as head writer in 2000, but her stories focused on character development and reportedly clashed with Rauch's plot-heavy style. Labine's team lasted barely a year and she was replaced briefly by Lloyd Gold.
Millee Taggart took the writing reins in 2002, and Taggart's run had some critical acclaim, breaking away from the organized crime and royalty which had dominated "Guiding Light" over the past few years.

title: Claire Labine

text: Labine's died on November 11, 2016 at her home in Somers, Connecticut at the age of 82 from undisclosed causes.[2]

title: Claire Labine

text: Shortly after, Labine became head writer for another CBS soap, Love of Life. The ratings for the show rose, which brought them to the attention of rival network ABC.


query: What language is Guzaarish in?

title: Guzaarish

text: Guzaarish (Urdu: گزارش) means request in Urdu language.

title: Monikangana Dutta

text: She made her debut in the 2010 Indian film, "Guzaarish" directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali and starring Aishwarya Rai and Hrithik Roshan.

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: The official music launch of Guzaarish took place on 22 October 2010, by T-Series. The event was hosted by Aditya Roy Kapur. Actors Aishwarya Rai, Hrithik Roshan, Shernaz Patel, Suhel Seth, Monikangana Dutta, UTV chairman Ronnie Screwvala and Bhansali himself along with the entire music and background team were present in the music launch. Singers Shankar Mahadevan, KK, Kunal Ganjawala, Vibhavari Apte Joshi, and Shail Hada, who had lent their voices to the film's soundtrack gave a stage performance of each of their songs in the album.

title: Shail Hada

text: Shail won Stardust Award in the New Sensation Male category in 2011 for the song "Tera Zikr Hain" in the film Guzaarish.

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: The DI and VFX for Guzaarish was done by Prime Focus, a global Visual Entertainment Services group, who had previously collaborated with Sanjay Leela Bhansali on many films including 'Black' and 'Saawariya'.The look of the film was designed to move with the narrative. The first scene shows Sophia D'Souza waking up and taking care of Ethan, for which the shafts of light have been enhanced and colors desaturated but the skin tones maintained. From the skies, to the wall colouring, every part of the movie has been enhanced in some way. The VFX team was throughout in the sets right from when the film was being shot.

title: Shernaz Patel

text: Shernaz Patel is an Indian film and theatre actor, who works in Hindi and English films, most known for her roles in films like "Black" (2005) and "Guzaarish" (2010) and English language theatre in Mumbai. She made her theatre debut with "The Diary Of Anne Frank" in 1984. Since then, she has acted in several noted productions in Mumbai-based English theatre, and formed RAGE theatre group in Mumbai, with Rahul da Cunha and Rajit Kapur in 1993. She has also given voice to the character of Yashoda in the TV series Little Krishna.

title: List of awards and nominations received by Sanjay Leela Bhansali

text: Bhansali made his directorial debut with "" (1996), for which he received the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film. He rose to prominence in Indian cinema with the commercially successful and widely acclaimed romantic drama "Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam" (1999), the romantic drama "Devdas" (2002) — which received nomination for the Best Foreign Film at British Academy of Film & Television Awards (BAFTA) — and the drama "Black" (2005), for all of which he received multiple Best Director Awards and Best Film Awards along with additional Critics Award for Best Film for the latter at Filmfare Awards, and multiple National Film Awards for the latter two. However, he followed it by directing consecutive commercially flop films such as "Saawariya" (2007) and "Guzaarish" (2010), however, "Guzaarish" received positive reviews from critics and audiences.

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: The film also received some mixed reactions from critics. "Filmfare" rated the film 4 out of 5 and wrote, ""Guzaarish" is unabashedly Sanjay Leela Bhansali. In a film where life itself is the villain everything is larger than life, no surprise there. The house is grand, the characters even more so, the laughter is magnificent, the pain operatic and the treatment of all of the above is colossal in a deafening, attention seeking way that leaves no room for subtext or imagination." Writing for NDTV, Anupama Chopra rated the film 3 out of 5 and believed that the film would be effective if the writing was more organic and the emotions felt more authentic but Bhansali never gives us a chance to invest in these people. Reuters trashed the movie for its over the top performances and stated that the lead actor Hrithik Roshan is the only saving grace of the movie where "everything else, like Aishwarya Rai's make-up, seems fake and loud, and puts you off. The emotions, the set design, the dialogues, Hrithik Roshan's beard are all out of this world, residing in some alien planet that only Bhansali inhabits." "The Hindu" reviewer Sudhish Kamath gave a negative review to the movie and heaped praises on the lead actor Hrithik Roshan saying that "Hrithik Roshan gives one of the best performances of his career as a man trapped in a wheelchair/bad film, desperately craving for freedom.." As a bottomline he said that "Guzaarish" is "Highly pretentious, boring film with leftover craving-for-your-sympathy melodrama from "Black" and unused sets from "Saawariya"". "The Times of India", which gave a 4.5 rating, mentioned that ""Guzaarish" is an unusual film in many respects".

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: Guzaarish () is a 2010 Indian romantic drama film written, composed and directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali. The film stars Hrithik Roshan and Aishwarya Rai in lead roles while Shernaz Patel, Aditya Roy Kapoor, Monikangana Dutta, Suhel Seth, Swara Bhaskar, and Makrand Deshpande portray pivotal roles. It is jointly produced by Bhansali and UTV Motion Pictures. Sudeep Chatterjee handled Cinematography and editing was done by Hemal Kothari.

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: After the film release in November, Akhil Rajendra Dwivedi, a script writer, sued Bhansali for Rs. 20 million alleging that the director used his script without informing him. Dwivedi claimed that he had registered his script, very similar to that of "Guzaarish", in 2005 and had even met Bhansali in 2008. He alleged that the director had loved the script and said that he would get back to Dwivedi in a few weeks time. Dwivedi claimed that Bhansali never reverted and was unreachable for Dwivedi. Salman Khan, a close associate of Sanjay Leela Bhansali, in an award ceremony Super Idols, for felicitating specially abled people, by television channel IBN-7, took potshots at "Guzaarish", hinting at its poor box office collection and said that "Recently a movie released, "Guzaarish", oops sorry! and I made a movie on HIV/ AIDS, not even a dog came to watch the movie." Later in the same event, he said to one of the winner of the awards, "I will give you the number of Sanjay Leela Bhansali, you write it down, he has made Black, Khamoshi, made many pictures and made heaps of money but may be it won't come out, but it should come out." The comments came as a shocker to many, since Salman was one of Bhansali's favorites and the lead actor in his first movie and Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam. Bhansali reacted saying that "If such an old and trusted friend can be so insensitive I don't want anything to do with the entertainment industry".

title: Guzaarish (TV series)

text: Guzaarish () is a Pakistani television drama series that aired on ARY Digital in 2015. It is directed by Owais Khan and written by Sanam Mehdi Jarchevi. Yumna Zaidi, Ahmed Ali and Affan Waheed play the roles of Zara, Zain and Saad respectively.

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: The third schedule of the film began on 30 October 2009. The grueling schedule lasted till January 2010, at the city's Mehboob Studios. Rumours had it that during the filming of the movie, Bhansali and Roshan got into a tiff over the excessive use of English in the movie. Roshan, whose previous film "Kites" was also blamed for having non-Hindi dialogues, did not want to take a risk and lessen "Guzaarish"'s appeal. Though there were no comments from either of them, it was learned that the issue was finally sorted out. Bhansali himself put all speculation to rest saying that ".. we (Hrithik Roshan and himself) were actually singing along quite happily." Later, towards the completion of the film, both the director and the producers, who realized the need to give the film a mass appeal, reworked certain dialogues in English, which were then dubbed in Hindi.

title: Abhishek Jain

text: After finishing the course at Whistling Woods, he assisted Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Subhash Ghai on "Guzaarish", "Saawariya" and "Yuvvraaj".

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: The film narrates the story of a paralyzed magician-turned-Radio jockey files a petition in court seeking permission to end his life. The film was released on 19 November 2010 to positive reviews from critics, who praised the direction, cinematography, and performances, particularly of Roshan, and Rai. "Guzaarish" is the third film to feature Hrithik Roshan opposite Aishwarya Rai.

title: Guzaarish

text: Guzaarish could also refer to:

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: Bhansali was on the lookout for a mature couple for the portrayal of his lead roles in "Guzaarish". After watching her films Dhoom 2 and Jodhaa Akbar (both of which had starred both Rai and Roshan), Bhansali decided that the pair exuded a dignity and elegance much needed for his film. Though Rai had agreed to the script without even reading it, Roshan was all set to say no to the film. Amita Sehgal, Casting Director, roped in other actors including Shernaz Patel, Vijay Crishna, Nafisa Ali, Aditya Roy Kapur and Suhel Seth. Makrand Deshpande was recruited to play an important three-minute cameo in the film on Hrithik Roshan's suggestion. Bhansali said that he had always wanted to work together with Roshan for a very long time as he was impressed by his sincerity as an actor. He added that the script of "Guzaarish" gave him the right opportunity to sign him. About the leading lady, Aishwarya Rai, he said that the role suited her to perfection and though she would have accepted his offer, it was important for an actor to be convinced of what he or she is doing. Bhansali stated that if any of the leading cast had refused to sign, he wouldn't have made "Guzaarish". He later stated saying, The film was only possible if Hrithik and Aishwarya had acted in it.

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: The director had the first screening of "Guzaarish" for the cast members and their families on Monday night. Though the lead actor Hrithik Roshan along with wife Sussanne Khan attended the special screening, Aishwarya Rai and her family were conspicuous by their absence. After the screening, the director allowed himself to be convinced to show the film to a few chosen ones. Hence he specially handpicked 30 invitees include the Bachchan family, leading man Hrithik's parents Pinky and Rakesh Roshan, Hrithik Roshan's Father- in-law Sanjay Khan, Shabana Azmi and Javed Akhtar, Deepika Padukone, Rohan Sippy, Karan Johar, Ashutosh Gowariker, Rajkumar Hirani, Vidhu Vinod Chopra, Goldie Bhel singer Kunal Ganjawala, film Maker Akbar Khan, fashion designers Sandip Khosla, Manish Malhothra, and Shahid Kapoor. Bhansali told the media, "What is the sense of inviting people you know are not going to have anything good to say about your film? I am totally against a premiere. At the same time there are people I want to share the film with." According to Bhansali he already had got the "big thumbs-up" he needed, "For me, it was more than enough that my mother liked the film. All other opinions, I'll take with a pinch of salt."

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: Sanjay Leela Bhansali, who had famously given a lavish premier of his earlier film "Saawariya", decided to do away with a similar event for "Guzaarish". Though the movie had released on 16 November in Dubai, it was slated to release in India on the 19th of the same month. Bhansali purposely avoided a gala screening of "Guzaarish" apparently due to the bitter experience he had in a similar event of "Saawariya". Sources reported that "..some of the VVIP invitees who told him that he had made another masterpiece ("Saawariya") were busy sending out bulk messages against the film during the premiere. Since the "Saawariya" premiere took place two nights (on Wednesday rather than Thursday) before its public release the damage done was irreparable. Sanjay decided there and then to never have a premiere of any of his films."

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: Australian critic and columnist Simon Foster of "Special Broadcasting Service (SBS)" gave a 3 star rating in which described it as a "A melodrama that never says in two words what it can say in ten, Sanjay Leela Bhansali's "Guzaarish" balances its blubbery sentimentality with some beautifully realised images to heart-warming and generally likable effect. "The Sunday Times" gave a nine star rating and said ""Guzaarish" is a movie about hope, magic and life. "Khaleej Times" said " This wonderful work of art, nuanced and magical in its portrayal, is about dying. But Ethan, as played by Hrithik Roshan in "Guzaarish", is so bemused by adversity that he can actually look at his own suffering with dispassionate humour." "Deccan Herald" noted that only select - audience may find the movie appealing saying that "the performances stand out. Hrithik Roshan does brings some tears to your eyes and even Aishwarya comes up with an original act. But, as said, the blacks and greys of "Guzaarish" might appeal only to Bhansali viewers."

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: The shots which involve visual effects are listed below.The first look of the film was supposed to be released along with Dharma Productions' "We Are Family" on 3 September. Later the trailer was withdrawn from "We Are Family". The official reason given for the postponement of the trailer was the time factor as the producers felt that there was a lot of time before the release of "Guzaarish", and hence it was decided Guzaarish's first promotional trailer would feature in theaters a month later with Siddharth Anand's "Anjaana Anjaani". However the real story was that there were some concerns over a sequence showing Aishwarya Rai puffing away frantically at a cigarette in the trailer. While smoking is not entirely prohibited in Indian films, it is certainly seen to be injurious to health, especially since the one smoking on screen is a global icon playing a nurse. Sources close to the film revealed, "Aishwarya is not really smoking in Guzaarish. It's a very cute, funny and a very beautiful sequence where she is trying to smoke when she doesn't know how to." Irrespective of the context it had been decided that the release date of the first trailer would be postponed.

title: Rakesh Pandit

text: "Yeh Jo Tera Zikr Hai" from Guzaarish (2010)

title: Bollywood

text: In January 2012, it was announced that UTV Motion Pictures would be releasing movies in Peru, starting with "Guzaarish".

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: Another controversy regarding the movie started brewing when the first look of the move was released which showed the lead actor Aishwarya Rai smoking in a car. National Organisation for Tobacco Eradication (India), the body working for tobacco eradication, wrote to actor Aishwarya Rai-Bachchan expressing concern over use of her images smoking a cigarette in the banners of film Guzaarish displayed all over Mumbai. The organization's spokesperson said in a press release that it would issue a legal notice to the actor under the provisions of the anti-tobacco legislation for the alleged advertisement of tobacco smoking in the public. Maharashtra Navnirman Sena also objected to the " 'insidious' effects of a cigarette smoking Aishwarya Rai Bachchan plastered across posters on BEST buses in the city."

title: Guzaarish (TV series)

text: Series explores the story of Zain and Zara who are in love and are about to married. What follows, is disappointingly a typical evil mother-in-law who was all out to make sure her son turns against the daughter-in-Law (Zara) and has her thrown out of the house.

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: "Guzaarish" had a good opening at the box office, collecting a net gross of in its opening weekend. The movie went on to collect nett in its first week. The movie netted in its lifetime run and was declared a flop by Box Office India.

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: Hrithik Roshan elaborated on his character saying that he was ".. a super character in the film. I have interacted with about 20 such patients who suffer from complete paralysis of the lower half of the body, including both legs which is mostly caused by damage of the spinal cord. They are real life superheroes and I am representing their emotions on screen". Adding that he never had felt such responsibility towards any other character he had played to date, he told the media that the film did not take any stance on mercy-killing. Roshan said that he was able to identify with Ethan Mascarenhas because, when he was going through the Guzaarish script, he had been nursing a knee problem and doctors told him that the knee will never be okay. According to Roshan, the script "..energised me so much that I was not depressed about my knee problem anymore".

title: Chhoti Si Guzaarish

text:
Chhoti Si Guzaarish ("Small Request") is a 2017 Indian Bollywood short film directed and produced by Pragyesh Singh. The film stars Shishir Sharma, Smita Jaykar and Inder Kumar. The film was selected for Cannes Film Festival 2018. The film is also selected for "Washington D.C. South Asian Film Festival 2017".
The film is the last film of actor Inder Kumar. He was last seen in this film in 2017.

title: Sanjay Leela Bhansali

title: Guzaarish

text: Guzaarish (film), a 2010 Indian Bollywood film Guzaarish (TV series), a 2015 Pakistani television drama series

title: Guzaarish (film)

text: Ethan throws a farewell party for their friends and guests, where Ethan speaks about everyone who has meant very dear to him and finally tells everyone about his and Sofia's love. Ethan says that he will be dying a happy man with no regrets and the heart full of Sofia's love and bids all goodbye. At these words, all the guests, come to his couch and hug him, with Ethan laughing heartily.Bhansali first told media about his next directorial venture, when he gave an interview to the Indo-Asian News Service (IANS). In the interview he said that he had decided to call his film, "Guzaarish", which is set to be shot in Goa.. Bhansali stated that "Guzaarish" is his tribute to the legendary singer Lata Mangeshkar. Sooraj Pancholi worked as an Assistant Director for the first 2 schedules of the film.