query: Who is the mascot of the Florida State University football team?

title: Osceola and Renegade

text: Osceola and Renegade are the official mascots of the Florida State University Seminoles. Osceola, representing the historical Seminole leader Osceola, and his Appaloosa horse Renegade introduce home football games by riding to midfield with a burning spear and planting it in the turf.

title: 1906 Florida football team

text: The 1906 Florida football team was the first official varsity team fielded by the new University of the State of Florida (now known as the University of Florida); during the 1906 college football season. The team finished its inaugural season with a winning record of 5–3.

title: Northern cardinal

text: In the United States, the northern cardinal is the mascot of numerous athletic teams; however, most teams portray the bird with a yellow beak and legs. In professional sports, it is the mascot of the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball's National League and the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League. In college athletics, it is the mascot of many schools including Ball State University, The Catholic University of America, Illinois State University, Iowa State University, Lamar University, the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, North Idaho College, Saint John Fisher College, the State University of New York at Plattsburgh, the University of Louisville, the University of the Incarnate Word, Wesleyan University, and Wheeling Jesuit University.

title: Florida State Seminoles football

text: As early as the 1890s, Florida State had a football team. Florida State University traces the start of its athletic program to 1902, when Florida State College played the first of its three seasons. From 1902 to 1904, the institution then known as Florida State College fielded a varsity football team called "The Eleven" that played other teams. The Florida State players wore gold uniforms with a large purple F on the front. Their pants were lightly padded, but their upper bodies were largely unprotected. Leather helmets with ear guards covered their heads, and shoehorn-shaped metal nose guards were strapped across their faces. In 1905, the state reorganized its secondary education under the Buckman Act and the football team moved to the University of Florida. In 1947, Florida's university system faced a heavy influx of returning soldiers taking advantage of the G.I. Bill. To accommodate the demand, on May 15, 1947, the Governor signed an act of the Legislature returning Florida State College for Women to coeducational status and naming it The Florida State University. This is recognized as the beginning of Florida State University's current American football program.

title: Albert and Alberta Gator

text: The University of Florida fielded its first official intercollegiate sports team (football) in the fall of 1906. It adopted orange and blue as its official colors, combining the orange and black of the former Florida Agricultural College in Lake City with the blue and white of the former East Florida Seminary in Gainesville, the university's two oldest predecessor institutions. The football team did not initially have an official nickname or mascot, and was often referred to as the "Orange and Blue" or "Pee Wee's Boys," after the team's first head coach, Jack "Pee Wee" Forsythe.

text: The 2008 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University during the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bobby Bowden and played their home games at Doak Campbell Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida. It was Florida State's 17th season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).

title: Florida State University

text: Florida State University fielded its first official varsity football team in the fall of 1902 until 1904, which were then known as "The Eleven". The team went (7–6–1) over the 1902–1904 seasons posting a record of (3–1) against their rivals from the Florida Agricultural College in Lake City. In 1904 the Florida State football team became the first ever state champions of Florida after beating both the Florida Agricultural College and Stetson University. The football team and all male students subsequently moved to the newly opened University of Florida in Gainesville in 1906 as a result of the 1905 Buckman Act. Football returned to Florida State after World War II in 1947.

text: The 1964 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1964 college football season. They were the first Seminole team to beat the rival Florida Gators.

title: Osceola and Renegade

text: Florida State University adopted the Seminoles nickname in 1947, just after its reorganization from a women's college to a coed institution. The moniker was selected through a fan competition; reportedly the newly established football team liked it so much that they stuffed the ballot box to ensure its selection.[6] Prior to the introduction of Osceola and Renegade, the Florida State Seminoles used several different Native American-themed mascots. The first was Sammy Seminole, introduced at the FSU Pow Wow in 1958 for football games. This mascot was portrayed by a white male member of the gymnastics or circus programs, who performed wild stunts in garish faux-Native American garb. The gymnastics program's sponsorship of Sammy Seminole ended in 1968, but the character was quickly reintroduced.[7]

title: History of Florida Gators football

text:
On November 22, 1901, Florida Agricultural College (FAC) and Stetson fielded teams for a match in Jacksonville as part of the State Fair, the first known intercollegiate football game in Florida. Stetson won 6–0, after a sure FAC score was blocked by a tree stump. The game sparked interest in football in the state; several other colleges organized intercollegiate games, including the East Florida Seminary (EFS) in Gainesville and Florida State College (FSC) in Tallahassee. The 1902 EFS team split games with Stetson and declared itself state champion. FAC's first coach was James M. Farr, an English professor from South Carolina, who led the team to victory over FSC in 1902. Two of UF's predecessor institutions, the University of Florida at Lake City (previously known as FAC) and EFS, faced each other in 1903. In 1904 the Lake City university's athletic club was reorganized, allowing the first major schedule for a Florida football team. Led by coach M. O. Bridges, the team was beaten easily by all its opponents (including out-of-state southern teams Alabama, Auburn, Georgia, and Georgia Tech). The Lake City team lost its final game to state champion FSC, coached by Jack "Pee Wee" Forsythe (a former lineman for John Heisman at Clemson, who was later the Gators' first coach).
The University of the State of Florida was in Lake City during its first year of existence (1905–06), while the first buildings of its new campus were constructed in Gainesville. The 1905 football season was a lost one, since university president Andrew Sledd ruled several players ineligible for academic reasons. The state university's football team began varsity play when the Gainesville campus opened in September 1906. Tackle William Wetmore "Gric" Gibbs is the only known member of the lost 1905 team who played for the new university's team in Gainesville. Football and baseball games and track meets were held at University Athletic Field, a grassy playing surface flanked by low bleachers on West University Avenue just north of the present stadium site. Permanent bleachers were installed in 1911, and the facility was renamed Fleming Field in honor of former Florida governor Francis P. Fleming. From 1911 to 1930, Florida's football squads posted a 49–7–1 record at Fleming Field. Because of the facility's limited capacity (about 5,000) and the relative inaccessibility of Gainesville in the early 20th century, most home games against top opponents were scheduled at larger venues in Jacksonville or Tampa; a handful were played in St. Petersburg and Miami. The school's first football coach was "Pee Wee" Forsythe, who led the Florida team for three winning seasons (including a 6–0 win over the Rollins College Tars in their first game). Forsythe used the Minnesota shift and also played on the team. The 1907 team was co-state champion with Stetson. Captain Roy Corbett was also the athletics editor of the "Florida Pennant". The 1908 team defeated Stetson at home and played a scoreless tie on the road. William A. Shands, future state senator and namesake of Shands Hospital, played on the 1907 and 1908 teams. During these early years the Florida sports teams adopted their orange-and-blue team colors, reportedly a combination of school's predecessors: the blue and white of the FAC and the orange and black of the EFS.
The new university's name was shortened to University of Florida in 1909, and George Pyle became the new head coach of its football team. The only blemishes that season were two games with Stetson: a loss on the road and a tie in Gainesville. Pyle had a record with the Gators, the third-winningest coach in school history.

title: Torrey Davis

text: Torrey Davis (born September 24, 1988) is an American football defensive tackle who is currently a free agent. He has also played for the Calgary Stampeders, Hamilton Tiger-Cats and Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football of the Florida Gators football team for the University of Florida and the Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team of the Jacksonville State University.

title: Cultural appropriation

text: While the leadership of nearly all Native American tribes object to their depictions as sports mascots, only one tribe explicitly approves of such representations. The Florida State Seminoles use the iconography of the Seminole tribe. Their mascots are Osceola and Renegade, depictions of the Seminole chief Osceola and his Appaloosa horse. After the NCAA attempted to ban the use of Native American names and iconography in college sports in 2005, the Seminole Tribe of Florida passed a resolution offering explicit support for FSU's use of Seminole culture and Osceola as a mascot; the university was granted a waiver, citing the close relationship with and consultation between the team and the tribe. In 2013, the tribe's chairman objected to outsiders meddling in tribal approval, stating that the FSU mascot and use of Seminole iconography "represents the courage of the people who were here and are still here, known as the Unconquered Seminoles." Conversely, in 2013, the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma expressed disapproval of "the use of all American Indian sports-team mascots in the public school system, by college and university level and by professional sports teams", and not all members of the tribe's Florida branch are supportive of its stance.

title: Florida–Florida State football rivalry

text: The Florida–Florida State football rivalry, occasionally called the Sunshine Showdown, is an American college football rivalry between the teams of the two oldest public universities of the U.S. state of Florida: the University of Florida Gators and Florida State University Seminoles. Although both universities participate in a range of intercollegiate sports, the competition between the Gators and the Seminoles has most often focused on football.

title: Clemson–Florida State football rivalry

text: The Clemson–Florida State football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Clemson Tigers football team of Clemson University and Florida State Seminoles football team of Florida State University. The schools have played each other annually since 1992. Both universities are members of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), and since the ACC initiated divisional play in 2005, both teams have competed in the ACC's Atlantic Division. For several years in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the matchup was known alternatively as the "Bowden Bowl" for the father, former head coach Bobby Bowden of the Seminoles, and the son, Tommy Bowden, formerly head coach of the Tigers.

title: History of Florida Gators football

text: The modern University of Florida (UF) was created in 1905 when the Florida Legislature enacted the Buckman Act, which abolished all of the state's publicly-supported institutions of higher learning and consolidated the academic programs of four in the new University of the State of Florida (a land-grant university for white men). The private Stetson College (now Stetson University) in DeLand was the first college to field a football team in the state, playing intramural games as early as 1894. Stetson, West Florida Seminary (later Florida State College, now Florida State University), and Florida Agricultural College (renamed the University of Florida at Lake City in 1903) had intramural football teams by the late 1890s or early 1900s.

title: Florida Gators men's basketball

text: The modern University of Florida was created in 1905, when the Florida Legislature passed the Buckman Act, consolidating four predecessor institutions to form the "University of the State of Florida." Ten years later, the university sponsored the first Florida Gators men's varsity basketball team that played its first season during the 1915–1916 school year under head coach C. J. McCoy, who was also the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. The first Gators basketball team compiled a 5–1 record, but the following three seasons were canceled during and immediately after World War I. The team was restarted for the 1919–20 season without a professional coach, though the Gators did have a new venue—the newly built University Gymnasium. Head coach William G. Kline, who also coached the Florida Gators football team, led the Gators basketball team from 1920 to 1922.

title: The Masked Rider

text: The Masked Rider is the primary mascot of Texas Tech University. It is the oldest of the university's mascots still in existence today. Originally called "Ghost Rider", it was an unofficial mascot appearing in a few games in 1936 and then became the official mascot with the 1954 Gator Bowl. The Masked Rider has led the team onto the field at nearly every football game since. It is the nation's first school mascot to feature a live horse at a football game, ahead of Florida State's Chief Osceola and Renegade and 25 years before USC's Traveler and all other such mascots in existence today.

title: Florida–Florida State football rivalry

text: During the same 1905 reorganization mandated by the Buckman Act, four smaller state-supported colleges were abolished and their assets and academic programs consolidated to form the new "University of the State of Florida", a new all-male university located in Gainesville. Florida State College's last coach, Jack Forsythe, became the first coach of the new University of the State of Florida football team in 1906. The name of the new men's university was officially shortened to the "University of Florida" in 1909, the football team took on the nickname "Gators" in 1915, and UF has fielded a varsity football team every year except for 1943, when World War II manpower shortages precluded most intercollegiate athletics.

title: 1906 Florida football team

text: Coach Forsythe employed the Minnesota shift and played on the team as an end. Florida has fielded a team every season since 1906, with the exception of 1943. During the early 1900s, the Florida football team competed in the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS), but was not affiliated with an athletic conference. The University of Florida did not adopt the "Florida Gators" nickname for its sports teams until 1911, and the early Florida football teams were known simply as "Florida" or the "Orange and Blue." The Florida football teams played their home games in a variety of locations, including the university's Gainesville, Florida campus.

text: The 1902 Florida State College football team represented Florida State College in the sport of American football during the 1902 college football season. The team was the first intercollegiate football squad to represent Florida State University and was led by head coach W. W. Hughes. The team posted a 2–1 record and won the State Championship. With no formal nickname or mascot, the Florida State College football team was known simply as e. g. the "Florida State College Eleven".

title: Florida State Seminoles football

text: This would be The Eleven's last season, however, as the Florida State Legislature passed the Buckman Act, which reorganized Florida's six colleges into three institutions segregated by gender and race: a school for white males, a school for white females, and a school for African Americans. Florida State College became Florida Female College until 1909, when it became Florida State College for Women. Four other institutions (including the University of Florida in Lake City and the East Florida Seminary) were merged into the new white men's-only University of the State of Florida in Gainesville. Males who formerly attended Florida State College were required to transfer to the Gainesville campus, although several former FSC players transferred to Grant University (now the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga), with five joining Grant's football team. In 1909 several veterans of the FSC Eleven founded a city team named the Tallahassee Athletics, but this folded after one season. Except for this, until 1947, Tallahassee's only organized or collegiate football team were the team from the Florida Agricultural and Mechanical College for Negroes (now Florida A&M University).

title: Florida State–Virginia football rivalry

text: The Florida State–Virginia football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Florida State Seminoles football team of Florida State University and Virginia Cavaliers football team of the University of Virginia. The Jefferson–Eppes Trophy is awarded to the winner of the game. The trophy was created in 1995 and was named for former President of the United States and founder of the University of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson, and Francis W. Eppes VII, Jefferson's grandson and two-time mayor of Tallahassee, and president of the Board of Trustees of the West Florida Seminary, now Florida State University.

text: The 1904 Florida State College football team represented Florida State College in the sport of American football during the 1904 college football season. The team, led by head coach Jack Forsythe, posted a 2–3 record and won the State Championship with a victory over Stetson and the University of Florida. With no formal nickname or mascot, the Florida State College football team was known simply as e. g. the "Florida State College Eleven".

title: 1909 Florida football team

text: The 1909 Florida football team represented the University of Florida during the 1909 college football season. The University of the State of Florida officially shortened its name to the University of Florida in 1909, and the season was George E. Pyle's first as the head coach of the University of Florida football team. Pyle's 1909 Florida football team finished its fourth varsity football season 6–1–1.

title: Florida Cup

text:
The trophy originated in 2002 by the Florida Sports Foundation, the official sports promotion and development organization of the state of Florida, and the Florida Championships Awards, Inc., is sponsored by the state of Florida given to either Florida State University, University of Florida or University of Miami for winning a round-robin against the other two teams in the same season (including bowl games if necessary). The idea of finally having a trophy for the round robin winner between the three schools was enthusiastically endorsed by then-governor Jeb Bush.
The trophy was created by the Baldwin Hardware Corporation. It is designed to be a unique piece of art as well as representative of the traditional power of Florida's major collegiate football teams. The Florida Cup stands approximately tall and is composed of several elements. The base is crafted from solid cherry with the outline of the State of Florida and the football at the top in gold-plated solid pewter. The football is mounted on three curved, swirling "pillars" made from silver-plated solid brass that represent the state's three powerhouse football programs—the University of Miami, Florida State University, and the University of Florida.

title: Florida State Seminoles

text: In 1902, the Florida State College in Tallahassee fielded its first varsity football team. The FSC program posted a record of 7–6–1 over the next three seasons, including a record of 3–1 against their rivals from the old University of Florida (formerly known as Florida Agricultural College) in Lake City. In 1904, the Florida State College football team became the first-ever state champions of Florida after beating both the University of Florida and Stetson University. In 1905, however, the Florida Legislature reorganized the state's higher education system by abolishing the existing state-supported colleges, and creating the new University of the State of Florida in Gainesville, and the new Florida State College for Women in Tallahassee. Many former Florida State College male students transferred to the new University of the State of Florida (renamed the University of Florida in 1909).

text: The 1903 Florida State College football team represented Florida State College in the sport of American football during the 1903 college football season. The team was led by head coach W.W. Hughes and posted a 3–2–1 record and won the State Championship. With no formal nickname or mascot, the Florida State College football team was known simply as e. g. the "Florida State College Eleven".

title: Neal Storter

text: Neal Summers "Bo Gator" Storter (October 3, 1890 – November 1, 1979) was an American football center for the Florida Gators of the University of Florida. He was captain of the undefeated 1911 Florida Gators football team and is one proposed originator of the Florida Gator mascot. Storter rebuked the story himself, though. Storter was picked as the center for an All-Time Florida Gators football team in 1927.

title: Texas State Bobcats

text: The Texas State Bobcats are the sports teams that represent Texas State University. Currently, they compete in the Sun Belt Conference in NCAA Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision for football). The Bobcat has been the mascot of Texas State University since 1921, when the university adopted the name from the recommendation of a committee formed to raise school spirit. Smaller than mountain lions, bobcats are known for their stubborn fierceness and great courage. The football squad used the bobcat for the first time in 1921 and went undefeated with a 7–0 season. Texas State had several officially recognized live bobcat mascots until the 1970s. In 1964 the Texas State Bobcat was given the official name of "Boko" by Beth Greenlees, a sophomore from Luling, Texas, who beat out about 100 other students in a "Name the Bobcat" contest. Her winning submission earned her a $5 prize and the honor of being the person who named the Texas State mascot. Boko has twice been named “USA National Champion” mascot. Texas State had no official fight song until 1961, when Paul Yoder was commissioned to compose "Go Bobcats." The song is the rousing "call to arms" for all Texas State athletic games and competition.

title: Seminole Tribe of Florida

text: Florida State University in Tallahassee uses the Seminole name and imagery for its athletics programs, the Florida State Seminoles. The name was adopted in 1947 after a fan vote; reportedly the new college football team preferred it so much that they stuffed the ballot box in its favor. Since 1978, a student portraying Osceola has been the official mascot at football games; previously more cartoonish Indian-themed mascots were used.

title: Jack Forsythe

text: Forsythe became an assistant coach for the fledgling football team of Florida State College (now Florida State University) in 1903. Florida State College's head coach, W. W. Hughes, planned to use Forsythe as a fullback in a game against the University of Florida in Lake City (one of the predecessor institutions of the modern University of Florida, previously known as Florida Agricultural College), creating a controversy between the teams. For the 1904 season, the third and last for FSC's football team, Hughes transferred all coaching duties to Forsythe. The reason for this is unknown, but Hughes, who was also a Latin professor, may have taken on increased academic duties. Forsythe played on top of his coaching duties, and was probably paid. Under Forsythe, the FSC football team defeated the University of Florida at Lake City, and after defeating Stetson College (now Stetson University), FSC was declared "champion of Florida" by "The Florida Times-Union" newspaper of Jacksonville.


query: Is KOKI-TV on cable?

title: KOKI-TV

text: KOKI-TV, virtual channel 23 (UHF digital channel 22), is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States. The station is owned by the Cox Media Group subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, as part of a duopoly with MyNetworkTV-affiliate KMYT-TV (channel 41); KOKI and KMYT are, in turn, co-owned with local radio stations KRMG (740 AM and 102.3 FM), KRAV-FM (96.5), KWEN (95.5 FM) and KJSR (103.3 FM), as well as local cable television provider Cox Communications.

title: KMYT-TV

text: KMYT and KOKI share studio facilities located on East 27th Street and South Memorial Drive (near W. G. Skelly Park) in the Audubon neighborhood of southeast Tulsa; the two stations also share transmitter facilities located on South 273rd East Avenue (between 91st Street South and the Muskogee Turnpike) in Broken Arrow. On cable, KMYT is available on Cox Communications channel 10 in standard definition and digital channel 1010 in high definition.

text:
Arasu Cable TV Corporation was incorporated on 04.10.2007 with the objective of providing high quality cable TV signals to the public at an affordable cost. In order to achieve this objective, 4 Digital Head Ends were installed at Thanjavur, Tirunelveli, Coimbatore and Vellore.
After assuming office in May 2011, the Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu revived the Arasu Cable TV Corporation which had become defunct due to various reasons and sanctioned a sum of Rs.3 Crores for the revival and expansion of the activities of the Corporation. The Corporation was renamed as Tamil Nadu Arasu Cable TV Corporation Limited (TACTV).
Tamil Nadu Arasu Cable TV Corporation Ltd has taken on lease the Head Ends of the willing private Multi System Operators in 27 Districts of the State and revamped its existing four digital Head Ends in 4 Districts.
On 30.08.2011, the Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu had announced on the floor of the Assembly that Tamil Nadu Arasu Cable TV Corporation would provide quality services at ab affordable cost of Rs.70/-as monthly subscription to the subscribers through the cable TV would collect Rs.20/- per month per subscriber from the Cable Operators.
The Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu launched the cable TV services all over Tamil Nadu (except Chennai) on 02.09.2011 by switching-on the Head End at Vellore through Video Conferencing. On 20.10.2012, the Hon’ble Chief Minister inaugurated the Cable TV Services of TACTV in Chennai Metro.
The Tamil Nadu Arasu Cable TV Corporation is providing quality Cable TV Services at an affordable cost of Rs.70/- per month with 90-100 channels and the response from the Cable operators and the public were overwhelming. More and more cable operators and the general public have started coming into the fold of Tamil Nadu Arasu Cable TV Corporation and are using the signals of TACTV Corporation.
It is evident from the fact that the subscribers base of TACTV Corporation which was 4.94 lakhs on 02.09.2011 has risen to 62.17 lakhs on 01.09.2013 with an operator base of 24619. Tamil Nadu Arasu Cablee TV Corporation is taking necessary steps to increase the subscriber base to One Crore.
At present TACTV is providing the Cable TV services with 99-100 Channels, including Free-to-Air Channels, Pay Channels and Private Local Channels. The corporation has procured 137 pay Channels and almost all the Pay channels are in the bouquet of the Corporation.
Before TACTV’s arrival, the Cable TV sector was totally unorganized and a few Multi System Operators had created monopoly and thereby forced the local Cable TV operators as well as the public to pay exorbitant amount towards cable TV services. Earlier, the public were paying Rs.150 to Rs.250 per month to the private Cable TV companies to avail the Cable TV service.
The service being provided by the TACTV Corporation is welfare step taken by the Government, in the interest of the public and cable TV operators. Now TACTV Corporation is providing the Cable TV services with most of the pay channels, at an affordable cost of Rs.120/- per month, to the public through cable operators and the public could save a sum of Rs.80 to Rs.180 per month. Therefore, the public have overwhelmingly welcomed TACTV’s Cable TV services.
Tamil Nadu Arasu Cable TV Corporation Ltd has selected 1200 Private Local Channels and issued allotment orders, out of which approximately 800 Private Local Channels are running through TACTV.

title: KOKI-TV

text: Feature films were heavily emphasized on the station's schedule during this period, with KOKI typically carrying one to two films per night in prime time and one film in the afternoon on weekdays and three or four films per day on weekends. One of the station's film presentations was Creature Feature, which was hosted by Sherman Oaks (the stage name of local comedian Jim Millaway), featuring Gailard Sartain and Jeanne Tripplehorn (then known as Jeanne Summers, who left after the program's first season), both of whom worked as radio hosts for KMOD-FM (97.5) at the time; showcasing horror and science fiction B movies each Saturday night from October 1982 until October 1985, it featured wraparound segments before and after commercial breaks in which the hosts conducted various skits, often making ridiculous nonsequitir remarks. KOKI would gain a competitor on March 18, 1981, when Green Country Associates and Satellite Syndicated Systems signed on fellow independent KGCT-TV (channel 41, now a MyNetworkTV affiliate) with a mix of syndicated entertainment programs, locally produced news and talk programming in the afternoon and movies from the In-Home Theatre subscription service at night, before transitioning to a general entertainment format within three months of its debut. Despite its low-cost approach, KOKI became a major force in the market; this was evidenced in a 1983 study by New York City-based advertising and marketing firm Ogilvy & Mather examining Tulsa's commercial television stations, which showed that KOKI was the only station to increase viewership shares over the two-year period from May 1981 to May 1983, rising from a 6 to a 19 share in early evenings, from a 5 to a 9 in prime time and from a 4 to a 10 share against late newscasts on the three network affiliates, whereas KJRH, KOTV and KTUL saw steady declines in those same dayparts, which were linked to KOKI's overall growth.[6]

title: Ernakulam

text: Television stations in Ernakulam include Janam TV, Jeevan TV, WE TV, Flowers (TV channel) and Reporter TV. DTH services are available through Doordarshan Direct Plus, Dish TV, Sun Direct, airtel digital TV, Reliance Digital TV Videocon d2h and Tata Sky. The cable operators in Ernakulam are Asianet Cable Vision, Siti Cable, Kerala Vision, DEN Networks. The local channels are Asianet Cable Vision , Ernakulam cable tv and Den mtn

title: KTUL

text: In recent years, KTUL has traditionally ranked second in terms of total day news viewership, behind CBS affiliate KOTV. However, since the early 2010s, the station places a strong third among the local television news outlets in the Tulsa market, behind KOTV and Fox affiliate KOKI-TV, with which it trades places for that position; channel 8's 10:00 p.m. newscast usually places second in the market behind KOTV, and ahead of KJRH and KOKI-TV.

title: KMYT-TV

text: By the fall of 1993, the station ran a wide variety of programs on its schedule – consisting of some children's programs during the morning hours, some first-run syndicated shows – including comedies – in the early evenings, off-network sitcoms and drama series, and older movies on weekends, as well as a limited amount of local programming (such as public affairs talk show "Oklahoma Forum", and viewer call-in shows "Out of Left Field" and "Open Line", all of which were hosted by former KJRH sports director Sam Jones). On November 3, 1993, San Antonio-based Clear Channel Television – which had purchased KOKI-TV three years earlier – entered into a local marketing agreement with RDS Broadcasting, under which Clear Channel/KOKI would provide programming, advertising and other administrative services for KTFO. Channel 41 subsequently migrated its operations from the Garnett Avenue facility into KOKI's offices at the low-rise Fox Plaza building on East 54th Street and South Yale Avenue (near LaFortune Park) in southeast Tulsa; Clear Channel submitted job offers to eleven of KTFO's 14 employees to oversee both stations. Both KOKI and KTFO pooled programming inventories, with the latter acquiring additional talk and reality shows as well as more recent and higher-profile classic sitcoms and drama series (such as "Perfect Strangers", "Perry Mason", "M*A*S*H", "ALF" and "") as well as more recent film titles to complement channel 23's offerings. Many higher-rated syndicated shows (including sitcoms and cartoons) continued to air on or were sold directly to KOKI, but some programs were shared by both stations, with some of the stronger programs in KOKI's inventory being added to channel 41's schedule.

title: KOKI-TV

text: The early evening newscast would expand on September 23, 2013, when KOKI debuted a half-hour weeknight newscast at 6:00p.m.[98][99] KOKI subsequently debuted weekend morning newscasts on January 4, 2014, originally running for three hours from 7:00 to 10:00a.m. on Saturdays and 6:00 to 9:00a.m. on Sundays, becoming the second station in the Tulsa market (after KJRH-TV) to carry a morning news program on weekends (both broadcasts were expanded to three hours with the Sunday edition shifted one hour earlier on April 5, 2014; the Saturday edition followed suit with the addition of a fourth hour on January 9, 2016).[100][101][89] In January 2014, the station adopted a modified version of the graphics package used by former San Francisco sister station and fellow Fox affiliate KTVU (now owned by Fox), and dropped its O&O-styled logo coloring in favor of a silver and red logo. On August 29, 2015, KOKI entered into a content partnership with the Tulsa World to collaborate on investigative reports, coverage of local high school football games and some special projects as well as to provide local forecasts from the "Fox 23 Severe Weather Team" for the newspaper.[102][103] In March 2016, KOKI launched the "Fox 23 SkyView Drone", an unmanned quadcopter that would be used to provide aerial newsgathering purposes.[104][105]

title: KOKI-TV

text: After trying for several years to offload KOKI-TV, the Tulsa 23 partnership secured a willing buyer on March 6, 1989, when it sold the station to San Antonio, Texas-based Clear Channel Television for $6.075 million. Citing that KOKI had not generated a profit for some time as a result of an economic downturn spurred by an oil exploration slump in the region during the 1980s, division parent Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia)—which had owned KAKC (1300 AM) and KMOD-FM (97.5) since the company, as San Antonio Broadcasting Corp., acquired the two radio stations from Unicorn Inc. in 1973—applied for a "failing station" waiver of FCC ownership rules that then prohibited common ownership of television and radio stations in the same market on the basis that the combined ownership would provide KOKI with needed financial support to remain operational and expand its public affairs programming. The sale and cross-ownership waiver received FCC approval on November 17, 1989; the transaction was finalized in late February 1990. (KOKI would gain additional radio sisters when Clear Channel purchased KQLL-AM-FM [1430, now KTBZ, and 106.1, now KTGX] and KOAS [92.1 FM, now KTBT] from Federated Media for $15.4 million in April 1996; as the Telecommunications Act eliminated the radio-television cross-ownership restrictions, the company acquired the two stations without amending the earlier waiver.)[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]

title: KOKI-TV

text: On January 18, 2010, KOKI debuted a half-hour 10:00p.m. newscast, which was formatted to feature a wrap-up of the day's headlines and a full weather segment during the first ten minutes, with national and world news, sports and feature reports filling the remainder of the broadcast (the program, which originally aired only on Monday through Friday evenings, would add a Sunday edition on January 9, 2016).[96][97][89] On January 16, 2011, starting with the 9:00p.m. newscast, KOKI became the second television station in the Tulsa market (behind KJRH-TV) to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition, with studio segments and field video footage recorded and broadcast in true HD; with the change, the station adopted the logo, music (OSI Music's "Fox Affiliate News Theme") and graphic scheme (a modified version of the Hothaus Creative Design package originally commissioned for fellow Fox affiliate KSWB-TV in San Diego) that was based on the standardized branding of Fox's owned-and-operated stations.

title: KOKY

text: The present KOKY was launched by Citadel Broadcasting on January 1, 1998, per its FCC filings. From the beginning, it has claimed the original KOKY as its inspiration and heritage; its website's history refers only to the original KOKY, and does not mention that its only connections to the 1440 AM station are the call letters and general format. Its logo was derived from the 1250 AM KOKY, which was owned by a Little Rock predecessor of Citadel; KPZK (AM) is still owned by Citadel.

title: KMYT-TV

text: KMYT-TV, virtual channel 41 (UHF digital channel 34), is a MyNetworkTV-affiliated television station licensed to Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States. The station is owned by the Cox Media Group subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, as part of a duopoly with Fox affiliate KOKI-TV (channel 23); KMYT and KOKI are, in turn, co-owned with local radio stations KRMG (740 AM and 102.3 FM), KRAV-FM (96.5), KWEN (95.5 FM) and KJSR (103.3 FM), as well as local cable television provider Cox Communications.

title: KOKI-TV

text: KOKI-TV currently carries the majority of the Fox network schedule (prime time, Saturday late night and sports programming, and the political talk show Fox News Sunday), with program preemptions only occurring due to extended breaking news and severe weather coverage; however, it does not carry the network's Saturday morning infomercial block Weekend Marketplace. In addition to airing programming supplied by the network directly, the station carries Xploration Station, a live-action educational program block distributed by Steve Rotfeld Productions that is syndicated primarily to Fox stations, on Saturdays after Fox 23 News This Morning; however, because of the station's commitments to air Fox Sports programming, some programs within the block are subject to being deferred to weekend daytime slots normally occupied by feature films or paid programming when Fox has no scheduled sporting events, in order to fulfill FCC educational content quotas defined by the Children's Television Act. Syndicated programs broadcast by KOKI-TV include The Doctors, Family Feud, The Wendy Williams Show, Modern Family, and Judge Judy.[63]

title: KOKI-TV

text: KOKI served as the Tulsa market's "Love Network" affiliate for the Muscular Dystrophy Association's Jerry Lewis Labor Day Telethon from September 2000 – when channel 23, one of a handful of television stations not affiliated with NBC, CBS or ABC to carry the telethon, assumed the local rights from CBS affiliate KOTV – until September 2010. Because of the station's commitments to run Fox's entertainment programming, KOKI usually aired the telethon on a two-hour tape delay following its 9:00p.m. newscast on the Sunday preceding Labor Day. (The rights to the broadcast were transferred to sister station KMYT in September 2011, in order to accommodate the reduced four-hour prime time format implemented that year while balancing KOKI's Fox programming commitments; the broadcast – by then reduced to a two-hour special – moved to ABC in September 2013, airing thereafter by association on KTUL until the final telecast of the retitled MDA Show of Strength in August 2014.)[64]

title: Cable television by region

text:
First cable TV system in nowadays Serbia (which was than part of Yugoslavia) was installed in Sombor in late 1980s. There were few foreign channels like MTV, SKY News, Super channel, etc.
Later in 1990s Serbian post service began providing cable TV service in Belgrade and Novi Sad.
Today almost every town in Serbia have cable TV service, this type of TV is very popular in urban areas, especially because of the cable Internet, which is provided together with TV through cable system.
In rural areas IPTV and satellite pay-TV services are more popular than cable TV.

title: KOKI-TV

text: - KOKI-TV official website - KMYT-TV official website

title: KOKI-TV

text: As part of a series of piecemeal sales announced on July 19, 2012 that also involved the larger Nexstar Broadcasting Group and Sinclair Broadcast Group, Newport Television announced that it would sell KOKI-TV and KMYT as well as fellow Fox affiliate WAWS (now WFOX-TV) and the intellectual assets of CBS affiliate WTEV-TV (now WJAX-TV) in Jacksonville, Florida to the Cox Media Group subsidiary of Atlanta-based Cox Enterprises for $253.011 million. The purchase placed the KOKI-KMYT duopoly under common ownership with Cox Radio's Tulsa cluster of KRMG (740 AM and 102.3 FM), KRAV-FM (96.5), KWEN (95.5 FM) and KJSR (103.3 FM), and, in the first instance since the 2003 repeal of an FCC cross-ownership ban in which the owner of a local cable provider acquired a television station in the same market, also made the two stations sister properties to Cox Communications, which has been the dominant cable operator in northeastern Oklahoma since it acquired Tele-Communications Inc. (TCI)'s Tulsa-area franchise in April 2000.[41][42][43][44][45] The FCC approved the transaction on October 23, 2012; the sale was finalized on December 3.[46][47][48][49] Although the sale separated KOKI/KMYT from its former radio sisters under Clear Channel ownership, iHeartMedia's Tulsa cluster continued to operate out of the Memorial Drive facility until the summer of 2017, when Cox moved its Tulsa-area radio stations into the building and iHeart moved its local stations into a new facility on Yale Avenue and 71st Street (northeast of Oral Roberts University) in southeast Tulsa's Richmond Hills section.

title: KOKI-TV

text: KOKI and KMYT share studio facilities located on East 27th Street and South Memorial Drive (near W. G. Skelly Park) in the Audubon neighborhood of southeast Tulsa; the two stations also share transmitter facilities located on South 273rd East Avenue (between 91st Street South and the Muskogee Turnpike) in Broken Arrow. On cable, KOKI is available on Cox Communications channel 5 in standard definition and digital channel 1005 in high definition.[1]

title: KOKI-TV

text: From the outset, the station maintained a commitment to consumer investigative reporting, with a focus on helping northeastern Oklahoma residents that have been scammed by local businesses as well as government issues (the investigative unit, originally the "Fox 23 Problem Solvers," was rebranded as the "Solving Problems" unit to avoid confusion with KJRH's "2NEWS Problem Solvers" unit in 2007, and later as "Fox 23 Investigates" in 2012). Although legitimate competition for the newscast sprang up when CW affiliate KQCW debuted the KOTV-produced News on 6 at 9:00 on September 18, 2006 (which Kimiko would co-anchor for two years after she left KOKI-TV for KOTV/KQCW in January 2013), prime time news viewers largely remained loyal to KOKI, which had gradually become the ratings leader in the 9:00p.m. timeslot.

title: KOKI-TV

text: As of September 2017, KOKI-TV broadcasts 55½ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with nine hours on weekdays, 5½ hours on Saturdays and five hours on Sundays); it is the highest total of hours devoted to local news programming among the four news-producing television stations in the Tulsa market and the highest overall in the state of Oklahoma. In addition, the station produces the ten-minute sports highlight program Fox 23 Sports This Weekend, which airs Saturdays and Sundays at 9:50p.m. year-round, and High School Football Tonight, a half-hour high school football highlight show that airs Fridays at 11:00p.m. from August to November.[69] KOKI may shift regularly scheduled newscasts that it must preempt to accommodate Fox Sports event telecasts – such as the weekend editions of the 5:00p.m. newscast – to sister station KMYT (which has also carried a full simulcast of the weekday edition of Fox 23 News This Morning from September 2014 to December 2017).

title: KOKI-TV

text: KOKI-TV began transmitting a digital television signal on UHF channel 22 on October 1, 2002. The station shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 23, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 22.[56][57][58][59][60][61] Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 23. Newport Television's decision to delay KOKI's switch to digital-only transmissions by five months, while electing to turn off the KMYT analog signal on the original transition date of February 17, 2009, was done in order to enable viewers who were not prepared for the transition to continue receiving news and emergency weather information through the spring 2009 severe weather season.[62]

title: KOKI-TV

text: Partly because of its status as the strongest of the market's two independent stations, in the summer of 1986, News Corporation approached and, later, reached an agreement with Tulsa 23 Ltd. for KOKI-TV to become the Tulsa charter outlet of the Fox Broadcasting Company in advance of the network's launch.[9] Channel 23 formally affiliated with Fox when the fledgling network commenced programming on October 9, 1986. Though it was technically a network affiliate, as was the case with other Fox stations during the network's early years of operation, KOKI continued to be programmed as a de facto independent station as Fox's only initial offering was late-night talk show The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers. Until Fox completed the expansion of its prime time schedule to a seven-night-a-week lineup (a seven-year transition that began with the launch of a three-hour Sunday night lineup in April 1987 and was completed with the rollout of the network's Monday lineup in June 1993), KOKI continued to air a movie at 7:00p.m. on nights when the network did not offer any programming. In 1988, the station moved its operations into a low-rise office building on East 54th Street and South Yale Avenue (near LaFortune Park) in southeast Tulsa, which was named Fox Plaza.

title: Cable television by region

text: There are only two cable television providers in the Maldives (MediaNet Digital and SatLink Digital). As the population of the country is separated across around 200 inhabited islands, there is a cable provider for nearly every island. MediaNet Pvt. Ltd. is the country's largest cable TV provider, providing state of the art digital TV service. MediaNet is a Malé based cable TV provider that provides digital cable (DVB-C) and Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS) services to most of the Islands in the Maldives. MediaNet holds a distribution license for 100 TV channels and distributes TV channels to nearly all the TV operators of the country. In Maldives, cable television subscribers can get most basic and premium TV channels available in Asia.

title: KMYT-TV

text: As part of a series of piecemeal sales announced on July 19, 2012 that also involved the larger Nexstar Broadcasting Group and Sinclair Broadcast Group, Newport Television announced that it would sell KOKI-TV and KMYT as well as Fox affiliate WAWS (now WFOX-TV) and the intellectual assets of WTEV-TV in Jacksonville, Florida to the Cox Media Group subsidiary of Atlanta-based Cox Enterprises for $253.011 million. The purchase placed the KOKI-KMYT duopoly under common ownership with Cox Radio's Tulsa cluster of KRMG (740 AM and 102.3 FM), KRAV-FM (96.5), KWEN (95.5 FM) and KJSR (103.3 FM), and, in the first instance since the 2003 repeal of an FCC cross-ownership ban in which the owner of a local cable provider acquired a television station in the same market, also made the two stations sister properties to Cox Communications, which has been the dominant cable operator in northeastern Oklahoma since it acquired Tele-Communications Inc. (TCI)'s Tulsa-area franchise in April 2000. The FCC approved the transaction on October 23, 2012; the sale was finalized on December 3.

title: KOKI-TV

text: Long-form newscasts began on February 3, 2002, with the launch of Fox 23 News at 9:00, the first local prime time news program ever attempted in the Tulsa market and the first attempt at a newscast produced independently from KJRH, KOTV and KTUL since channel 41 (as KGCT) shut down its news operation twenty years earlier. The 9:00p.m. newscast – which has aired as an hour-long program since its premiere broadcast, which itself was delayed due to an hour-long episode of Malcolm in the Middle that followed Fox's telecast of Super Bowl XXXVI – was originally anchored by Chera Kimiko (who, prior to joining channel 23, served as weekend morning anchor at KVBC [now KSNV] in Las Vegas from 1999 to 2001) and Darren Dedo (who served as weekday morning anchor at WJTV in Jackson, Mississippi from 2000 to 2001), chief meteorologist Jon Slater (who had worked at KSHB-TV in Kansas City from 1999 to 2001, and had previous stints in Tulsa at KJRH and KTUL) and sports director Vic Faust (who had served in that same position at KMIZ-TV in Columbia, Missouri from 1998 to 2001).[77][78] (Kimiko would remain at KOKI until January 2013, and was replaced as co-anchor by Shae Rozzi, who was previously a reporter for Atlanta sister station WSB-TV; Dedo was replaced as primary co-anchor of KOKI's evening newscasts in December 2004 by former CBS Newspath Washington D.C. reporter Clay Loney, who remains with the station as of 2017, after Dedo's contract expired without renewal; Slater remained at KOKI until 2008, and was subsequently replaced by current chief James Aydelott.)[79][80][81][82][83] The Friday and Saturday editions were initially anchored by Markova Reed (who joined the station from WLBT in Jackson, Mississippi), meteorologist George Flickinger (who was previously chief meteorologist at KTXS-TV in Abilene, Texas) and sports anchor Dave Briggs (previously with fellow Fox affiliate KEVN-TV in Rapid City, South Dakota).[84] (Flickinger was fired without pay by KOKI management in January 2006, for cutting into Fox's November 27, 2005 broadcast of a Seattle Seahawks-New York Giants NFL game to relay an evacuation request from the Mayes County Emergency Management Agency for a major wildfire approaching residences near Chouteau.)[85]

title: KOKI-TV

text: From 1980 until 1987, after which the broadcast rights transferred to KGCT, KOKI-TV held the local syndication rights to broadcast Major League Baseball games from the Kansas City Royals produced by their flagship broadcaster at the time, WDAF-TV. Its relationship with the league expanded in 1985, when carried games involving the St. Louis Cardinals (which were distributed by Anheuser-Busch's sports syndication subsidiary, Bud Sports); after a two-year stint on KGCT, Cardinals telecasts returned to channel 23 for the 1988 season. (All Cardinals telecasts moved to Tulsa Cable Television channel 3 [now Cox-operated YurView Oklahoma], or on channel 20 in the event of conflicts with sporting events carried on the primary public access channel, for the 1990 season.)[65][66] Both the Cardinals and the Royals have had select games carried on KOKI each season since 1996, through Fox's broadcasting contract with Major League Baseball.

title: KOKI-TV

text: KOKI-DT2 is the MeTV-affiliated second digital subchannel of KOKI-TV, broadcasting in standard definition on UHF digital channel 22.2 (or virtual channel 23.2 via PSIP). On cable, KOKI-DT2 is available on Cox Communications channel 68. KOKI-TV launched a digital subchannel on virtual channel 23.2 in April 2011, originally serving as an affiliate of music video-focused network TheCoolTV through a groupwide agreement between network parent Cool Music Network, LLC and Newport Television, involving Newport-operated stations in ten markets.[51] On July 30, 2012, through an affiliation agreement reached between Newport Television and network owner Weigel Broadcasting, KOKI-DT2 became an affiliate of the classic television network MeTV.[52][53]

title: KOKI-TV

text: KOKI-DT3 is the Escape-affiliated third digital subchannel of KOKI-TV, broadcasting in widescreen standard definition on UHF digital channel 22.3 (or virtual channel 23.3 via PSIP). On cable, KOKI-DT3 is available on Cox Communications channel 69. On July 17, 2014, Katz Broadcasting announced it had signed an agreement with Cox Media Group to carry Escape on the group's television stations in Tulsa and Charlotte (as well as sister network Grit in Orlando).[54][55] KOKI-TV launched a digital subchannel on virtual channel 23.3 as an affiliate of Escape on August 18, 2014.

title: KOKI-TV

text: From 1989 to 1991, KOKI held the local broadcast rights to NFL preseason games from the Dallas Cowboys; the station, which assumed the preseason telecast rights to both teams from KGCT as a result of that station's two-year operational cessation, carried six to eight prime time game telecasts annually.[67] The rights to both the Cowboys and Chiefs telecasts were transferred to KGCT beginning with the 1991 preseason. Since September 1994, most Cowboys telecasts carried on KOKI consist of those carried regionally or nationally by Fox, which through the network's contract with the NFL, holds primary broadcast rights to the National Football Conference (NFC). In addition to carrying Fox-televised games involving in-conference opponents, since 2014, Cowboys games carried on the station also include certain cross-flexed games against opponents in the American Football Conference (AFC) that were originally scheduled to air on CBS. (Most Cowboys preseason games not televised by Fox or by other broadcast or cable networks are carried over-the-air locally on CW affiliate KQCW (channel 19) through that station's agreement with the team's syndication service.) In addition, for the 1990 season (the first year that the NFL allowed a live preseason game to air on a team's out-of-market station), the station carried preseason games involving the Kansas City Chiefs, running four prime time game telecasts during that season.[67]

title: KOKI-TV

text: KOKI-TV signed on the air on October 26, 1980, a date chosen by Lavenstein at the suggestion of marketing and promotions manager Richard Enderwood, as it coincided with Enderwood's birthday. It was the first commercial television station to sign on in the Tulsa market since NBC affiliate KVOO-TV (channel 2, now KJRH-TV) signed on 26 years earlier on December 5, 1954, and the first independent station to begin operation in a market that, on paper, had a large enough population to provide suitable viewership for an independent station since the early 1970s. The station (which was then branded as "Tulsa 23," accompanied by a futuristic logo in which the numerical 23 was construed as the "LS" in Tulsa) originally operated from studio facilities located on East 46th Place (between Memorial Drive and Sheridan Road) in southeast Tulsa, which was fitted with used transmission equipment previously owned by other television stations within the U.S. The station operated on a lean budget, maintaining a general entertainment programming format that featured a mix of classic sitcoms, westerns and drama series, cartoons, and a limited amount of sports and religious programs. The Tulsa 23 partnership purchased programming at low cost, and tailored its schedule to appeal to older and rural demographics, leaving much of the higher-rated and more recent syndicated content to be acquired by its network-affiliated competitors, KJRH, CBS affiliate KOTV (channel 6) and ABC affiliate KTUL (channel 8). KOKI was opportunistic on occasion and picked up broadcast rights to college and major league sporting events.[5]


query: Why Australia is not an island?

title: Australia (continent)

text: The continent includes a continental shelf overlain by shallow seas which divide it into several landmasses—the Arafura Sea and Torres Strait between mainland Australia and New Guinea, and Bass Strait between mainland Australia and Tasmania. When sea levels were lower during the Pleistocene ice age, including the Last Glacial Maximum about 18,000 BC, they were connected by dry land. During the past 10,000 years, rising sea levels overflowed the lowlands and separated the continent into today's low-lying arid to semi-arid mainland and the two mountainous islands of New Guinea and Tasmania.[2]

title: Geography of Australia

text: Australia also has several minor territories; the federal government administers a separate area within New South Wales, the Jervis Bay Territory, as a naval base and sea port for the national capital. In addition Australia has the following inhabited, external territories: Norfolk Island, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and several largely uninhabited external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Coral Sea Islands, and Heard Island and McDonald Islands. Australia also claims a portion of Antarctica as the Australian Antarctic Territory, although this claim is not widely recognized.

title: Arctocephalus forsteri

text: The species occurs in Australia and New Zealand. It is found in the coastal waters and on the offshore islands of southern Australia, from the south-west corner of Western Australia to just east of Kangaroo Island in South Australia, and also in southern Tasmania and the subantarctic Macquarie Island. Small populations are forming in Bass Strait and coastal waters of Victoria and southern New South Wales. Before the arrival of humans in New Zealand, the species bred around all the New Zealand mainland and its subantarctic islands. There are now established and expanding colonies around the entire South Island, on Stewart Island and all of the New Zealand subantarctic islands. There are also newly established breeding colonies on the North Island.

title: History of Australia (1901–45)

text: Starting on 1 February 1927 (and lasting until 12 June 1931), the Northern Territory was divided up as North Australia and Central Australia at latitude 20°S. New South Wales has had one further territory surrendered, namely Jervis Bay Territory comprising 6,677 hectares, in 1915. The external territories were added: Norfolk Island (1914); Ashmore Island, Cartier Islands (1931); the Australian Antarctic Territory transferred from Britain (1933); Heard Island, McDonald Islands, and Macquarie Island transferred to Australia from Britain (1947).

title: This (fly)

text: The genus "This" is endemic to Australia, and "T. canus" is one of the most common species of Coelopidae in Australia. "T. canus" is found along the southern coast of Australia, and had been found in the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia. Its range also includes Clarke Island, off the coast of Tasmania. Its type locality is Dee Why, a suburb of Sydney. It has been documented as far north as Noosa, Queensland on the east coast and Geraldton, Western Australian on the west coast. It can also be found as far inland as Canberra.

title: Dee Why

text: Dee Why is also home to the Dee Why Surfing Fraternity, Australia's oldest surfboard riders club, founded in 1961 and still competing each month.

title: Nuclear power in Australia

text:
In the 2010 book "Why vs. Why: Nuclear Power" Barry Brook and Ian Lowe discuss and articulate the debate about nuclear power. Brook argues that there are various reasons why people should say "yes" to nuclear power, and these reasons include:
Lowe argues that there are various reasons why people should say "no" to nuclear power:
In 2015, both authors were appointed to the Expert Advisory Committee of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Royal Commission in South Australia."One minister who is not only competent but also does have convictions. He is the Resources Minister and often is quoted as supporting the further development of Australia's uranium industry. There is no doubt he also is a supporter of nuclear power in Australia."

title: Norfolk Island

text: Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: "Norf'k Ailen") is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia, directly east of mainland Australia's Evans Head, and about from Lord Howe Island. Together with the two neighbouring islands Phillip Island and Nepean Island it forms one of the Commonwealth of Australia's external territories. At the 2016 Australian census, it had inhabitants living on a total area of about . Its capital is Kingston.

title: Christmas Island

text: At Australia's request, the United Kingdom transferred sovereignty to Australia, with a $20 million payment from the Australian government to Singapore as compensation for the loss of earnings from the phosphate revenue. The United Kingdom's Christmas Island Act was given royal assent on 14 May 1958, enabling Britain to transfer authority over Christmas Island from Singapore to Australia by an order-in-council. Australia's Christmas Island Act was passed in September 1958 and the island was officially placed under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 October 1958.

title: Bird Island (Western Australia)

text: Bird Island is the name of three islands in Western Australia. Two are in the Kimberley region, and the third is off the coast of Rockingham, about south of Garden Island (Western Australia).

title: Norfolk Island

text: There have been four challenges to the constitutional validity of the Australian Government's authority to administer Norfolk Island. Samuel Hadley argued that the only valid laws were those made under the 1856 Order in Council and that all subsequent laws were invalid, however his case was rejected by the High Court of Australia in 1939. Henry Newberry was convicted of failing to be enrolled to vote in Norfolk Island Council elections. He challenged his conviction before the Supreme Court of Norfolk Island, arguing that in 1857 Norfolk Island had a constitution and a legislature such that the Crown could not abolish the legislature nor place Norfolk Island under the authority of Australia. Eggleston J considered the constitutional history of Norfolk Island, concluding that the "Australian Waste Lands Act" 1855 (Imp) authorized any form of government, representative or non-representative, and this included placing Norfolk Island under the authority of Australia. The second challenge arose as a result of the Australian Government's decision in 1972 to prevent Norfolk Island from being used as a tax haven. Berwick Ltd claimed to be resident in Norfolk Island and was convicted of failing to lodge an income return. One of the arguments for Berwick Ltd was that Norfolk Island, as an external territory, was not part of Australia in the constitutional sense. High Court of Australia unanimously rejected this argument in 1976, approving the decision in "Newbery v R" and holding that Norfolk Island was a part of Australia.

title: Postage stamps and postal history of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands

text: Following the example of Christmas Island in March 1993, the postal service of the Cocos Islands was transferred from the local authority to Australia Post. Cocos Islands stamps issued since 1994 and bearing the mention "COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS AUSTRALIA" are valid in Australia and the stamps of Australia are on the archipelago too.

title: Australia–Indonesia relations

text: "No country is more important to Australia than Indonesia. If we fail to get this relationship right, and nurture and develop it, the whole web of our foreign relations is incomplete [and] ... the emergence of the New Order government of President Suharto, and the stability and prosperity which [it] has brought to [Indonesia] was the single most beneficial strategic development to have affected Australia and its region in the past thirty years. We need to encourage the use of popular media with positive input [such as] "Why can't we be friends? Why can't we be friends? Why can't we be friends? Why can't we be friends?" [this is] the exact sort of opinions we need".

title: Imperial pigeon

text: Australia has a poor representation of "Ducula" amongst its fauna, with only one species breeding on the mainland ("D. spilorrhoa"). There is no clear explanation why more species of Ducula did not cross the Torres Strait islands to reach mainland Australia. The genus "Lopholaimus", comprising only one species may have been well represented on the Australian mainland before European settlement, thus excluding "Ducula".

title: Penguin Island (Western Australia)

text: Penguin Island is a island off the coast near Perth, Western Australia, approximately from Rockingham. It is home to a colony of approximately little penguins, the largest population of the birds in Western Australia. The waters surrounding the island make up the Shoalwater Islands Marine Park.

title: Politics of Norfolk Island

text: Some residents on Norfolk Island advocate independence from Australia. In 2013, Chief Minister Lisle Snell claimed that Norfolk Island could survive alone. He also told Radio Australia that 'Norfolk-Pitcairn people see themselves as a people with some rights to self-determination' that the Island's future relationship with Australia was not clear, but also stated that for the time being they need to integrate further with Australia for financial reasons.

title: Barrow Island (Western Australia)

text: Barrow Island is a island northwest off the Pilbara coast of Western Australia. The island is the second largest in Western Australia after Dirk Hartog Island.

title: Search for HMAS Sydney and German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran

text: On 11 August 2007 a group of amateur wreck hunters claimed they had located the wreck of "Sydney" off Cape Inscription on the northern end of Dirk Hartog Island using a grappling hook and an underwater video camera. A survey conducted by HMAS "Leeuwin" on 17 August found that the wreck off Dirk Hartog Island is only long and high, too small to be the "Sydney", which was over in length. The reasons why the search for HMAS "Sydney" was taking so long were examined in a 2008 Western Australia Museum report.

title: Sorghum

text: Sorghum amplum – northwestern Australia Sorghum angustum – Queensland Sorghum arundinaceum – Africa, Indian Subcontinent, Madagascar, islands of the western Indian Ocean Sorghum bicolor– cultivated sorghum, often individually called sorghum, also known as durra, jowari, or milo. Native to Sahel region of Africa; naturalized in many places Sorghum brachypodum – Northern Territory of Australia Sorghum bulbosum – Northern Territory, Western Australia Sorghum burmahicum – Thailand, Myanmar Sorghum controversum – India Sorghum × drummondii – Sahel and West Africa Sorghum ecarinatum – Northern Territory, Western Australia Sorghum exstans – Northern Territory of Australia Sorghum grande – Northern Territory, Queensland Sorghum halepense– Johnson grass – North Africa, islands of eastern Atlantic, southern Asia from Lebanon to Vietnam; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, the Americas Sorghum interjectum – Northern Territory, Western Australia Sorghum intrans – Northern Territory, Western Australia Sorghum laxiflorum – Philippines, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, New Guinea, northern Australia Sorghum leiocladum – Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria Sorghum macrospermum – Northern Territory of Australia Sorghum matarankense – Northern Territory, Western Australia Sorghum nitidum – East Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Micronesia Sorghum plumosum – Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia Sorghum propinquum – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Christmas Island, Micronesia, Cook Islands Sorghum purpureosericeum – Sahel from Mali to Tanzania; Yemen, Oman, India Sorghum stipoideum – Northern Territory, Western Australia Sorghum timorense – Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, New Guinea, northern Australia Sorghum trichocladum – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras Sorghum versicolor – eastern + southern Africa from Ethiopia to Namibia; Oman Sorghum virgatum – dry regions from Senegal to Israel

title: Bennett Island

text: Presently, the mystery of Bennett Island plumes has not completely been solved; scientists are still seeking an explanation for why the plumes form at an unusually high altitude of over above the mountain tops. Scientists are also studying the dynamics of the island, and why its unique shape is able to generate these plumes.

title: Postage stamps and postal history of Australia

text: Both territories lost their postal independence to Australia Post in 1993 for Christmas Island and 1994 for the Cocos Islands. Consequently, their stamps became valid within Australia and stamps of Australia became valid in the islands.

title: Dee Why

text: According to the 2016 census, there were 21,518 residents in Dee Why. 52.0% of people were born in Australia. The most common other countries of birth were England (5.8%), China (3.8%), India (3.4%), Brazil (3.0%) and New Zealand (2.8%). 61.5% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Portuguese 3.5%, Mandarin 2.5%, Tibetan 2.2%, Nepali 1.8% and Serbian 1.7%. Dee Why's housing is higher density than average for Australia. Of occupied private dwellings in Dee Why, 79.8% were flats, units or apartments with 16.6% being separate houses and 3.1% being semi-detached.

title: Australia All Over

text: The program also regularly features Australia music, bush poetry, book readings, bird calls, interviews with special guests and the "Why I live where I live" segment, where McNamara reads aloud a letter sent in by a listener describing why they have chosen to live in a specific part of Australia. 250 contributions to the "Why I Live Where I Live" segment were compiled into a book which was published in 2005.

title: Australia–Philippines relations

text: Early contacts between the Philippines and Australia have been in the form of trade. In the 1800s, the Philippines made use of the services of Nicolas Loney, Great Britain's Vice Consul to Iloilo, to improve the sugarcane industry. Loney utilized two British Brigs, the SS Pet and the SS Camilla to dock at the Port of Iloilo to load sugar going to Melbourne, Australia where the Victoria Sugar Company was waiting. The Negros Islands also exported sugar to Australia. Perdon (2014) also cites that Australians utilize the purchased sugar from the Philippines for the distillation of rum. On the other hand, Australia returned the favor by marketing its fresh bottled milks in Manila. Another commodity that Australia values from the Philippines is the manila hemp. Perdon (2014) explains the manila hemp's "fibre length, lightness and whiteness of colour" are the reasons why it is an in-demand product in Australia. An estimate of 9,000 to 15,000 piculs of manila hemp are exported to different countries, especially to Australia. Merchants from Sydney realized how profitable trading with Manila has become which led to them moving further north.

title: Smooth Island (South Australia)

text: Smooth Island is an island located within the Isles of St Francis group, which itself is part of the Nuyts Archipelago. It is located about south west of the town of Ceduna on the west coast of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. Several sources states that the island is located about north of St Francis Island while the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and charts published by the Government of South Australia respectively state and show that the island is located "almost N of the NE extremity of St. Francis Island".

title: Indigenous health in Australia

text: A number of factors help to explain why Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have poorer health than other Australians. In general, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are more likely to have lower levels of education, lower health education, higher unemployment, inadequate housing and access to infrastructure than other Australians.

title: Australia–Solomon Islands relations

text: Australia–Solomon Islands relations refers to foreign relations between Australia and Solomon Islands. Australia has a High Commission in Honiara and Solomon Islands has a High Commission in Canberra.

title: History of Australia

text: From 1 February 1927 until 12 June 1931, the Northern Territory was divided up as North Australia and Central Australia at latitude 20°S. New South Wales has had one further territory surrendered, namely Jervis Bay Territory comprising 6,677 hectares, in 1915. The external territories were added: Norfolk Island (1914); Ashmore Island, Cartier Islands (1931); the Australian Antarctic Territory transferred from Britain (1933); Heard Island, McDonald Islands, and Macquarie Island transferred to Australia from Britain (1947).

title: Eclipse Island (Western Australia)

text: Eclipse Island is a barren island in Western Australia, due south of Albany, and south of the nearest point of the mainland coast, which is "Cave Point" on the southern coast of Torndirrup Peninsula. Eclipse Island Lighthouse is located near the centre of the island. Nearby "South West Island" contains Western Australia's southernmost landmass.

title: Pig Island (novel)

text: However, Oaksey's visit throws up more questions than answers. Why does the wider community not want him there? Why will no one talk about the creature seen wandering the island? What lies beyond the wood and the gorge that almost splits the island in two, with a fence that has rotting pig heads atop its posts? Most importantly, what has happened to Pastor Dove, not seen on the island for years, and why will no one talk about him? Joe's visit to the island, and its horrific conclusion, is only the beginning of the legacy that Pig Island will leave on his life.

title: Pacific Islander

text:
In Australia the term South Sea Islander was used to describe Australian descendants of people from the more than 80 islands in the western Pacific who had been brought to Australia to work on the sugar fields of Queensland, in the 19th century called Kanakas. The "Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901" was enacted to restrict entry of Pacific Islanders to Australia and to authorise their deportation. In the legislation Pacific Islanders were defined as:
"Pacific Island Labourer" includes all natives not of European extraction of any island except the islands of New Zealand situated in the Pacific Ocean beyond the Commonwealth [of Australia] as constituted at the commencement of this Act.


query: When was Sun Yat-sen born?

title: Sun Yat-sen

text: Sun Yat-sen (/ˈsʌn ˈjætˈsɛn/; 12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925)[1][2] was the founding father of the Republic of China. The provisional first president of the Republic of China, Sun was a Chinese medical doctor, writer, philosopher, Georgist,[3][4] calligrapher,[5] and revolutionary. As the foremost pioneer and first leader of a Republican China, Sun is referred to as the "Father of the Nation" in the Republic of China (ROC) and the "forerunner of democratic revolution" in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty (the last imperial dynasty of China) during the years leading up to the Xinhai Revolution. He was appointed to serve as Provisional President of the Republic of China when it was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party of China), serving as its first leader.[6] Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and he remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered amongst the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

title: Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall

text: The Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall, also known as Wan Qing Yuan, and formerly as the Sun Yat Sen Villa, is a two-storey colonial style villa in Balestier, Singapore. The villa is now a museum commemorating Sun Yat Sen (1866–1925), the founding father of the Republic of China who visited Singapore nine times between 1900 and 1911.

title: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School

text: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School, also Sun Yat-sen Memorial Middle School,(Chinese: 中山纪念中学; pinyin: Zhōngshān Jìniàn Zhōngxúe) was established in memory of Sun Yat-sen in 1934. The school located in Cuiheng Village, Nanlang town, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China. Cuiheng village is Sun Yat-sen's hometown. It is next to the former residence of Sun Yat-sen. There are 102 classes in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School with more than 7000 students, which is a full boarding school.

title: Homer Lea

text: When Chinese revolutionary leader Dr. Sun Yat-sen came to America in late 1909 on a fund-raising trip, he met with Yung Wing, who convinced him that Lea and the Red Dragon conspirators could benefit his revolutionary movement. The Red Dragon conspirators joined Sun Yat-sen's movement to topple the Manchu Dynasty and Lea became one of Sun Yat-sen's most trusted advisors. Ultimately, the Red Dragon conspirators could not obtain the necessary financial backing for their plans and dissolved the conspiracy after a failed revolutionary attempt by Sun Yat-sen's followers in March 1911. Lea, however, remained loyal to Sun Yat-sen.

title: List of streets named after Sun Yat-sen

text: The literal meaning of the characters "Zhong" and "shan" are "Central/Middle" and "Mountain"; the name was adopted by Sun Yat-sen while in Japan in the early 1900s. For more information on the names of Sun Yat-sen, see Names of Sun Yat-sen.

title: Iloilo Sun Yat Sen High School

text: Sun Yat-sen was born on November 12, 1866, into a farming peasant household in Choyhung in Kwangtung near the Portuguese colony of Macao. His early education established him as a man of two worlds: China and the West. After a basic training in the Chinese classics in his village school, he was sent to Hawaii in 1879 to join his older brother. There he enrolled in a college where he studied Western science and Christianity. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the father of the Republic of China, died in Beijing in 1925. Read more: Sun Yat-sen Biography

title: Former Residence of Sun Yat-Sen (Shanghai)

text: Sun Yat-sen lived in this house from 1918 with his wife Soong Ching-ling. After his death, Sun's wife continued to live here until 1937. There is now an exhibition centre presenting Sun Yat-sen's life, together with some artifacts and a statue of Sun Yat-sen outside.

title: List of streets named after Sun Yat-sen

text: In Taiwan, Zhongshan Roads are as ubiquitous, if not more, compared to mainland China. In recent years, the administrative merging of neighbouring towns have sometimes resulted in duplicate Zhongshan Roads within the same locality, and as a result some such roads have been renamed.Two roads in Macau SAR were built in the name of Sun Yat-sen, in honour of Sun, who had set foot and lived in Macau. One road is called "Avenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen" (孫逸仙大馬路), located at the southern part of Macau Peninsula. The other road has the same name "Avenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen" (孫逸仙博士大馬路), located at Taipa Island. While the official Portuguese name of the two roads are the same, the Chinese translations are different. There is also a traffic roundabout, called "Rotunda Dr. Sun Yat-sen" (孫逸仙博士圓形地) joins two sections of the "Avenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen" (Taipa) as well as the "Avenida de Guimarães" (基馬拉斯大馬路). A street in Medan, Indonesia also named in honour of him, named as "Jalan Sun Yat-Sen", it is also including a 16th floor hotel nearby named as "Citi International Sun Yat-Sen Hotel".

title: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School

text: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School was founded in 1934 by Sun Yat-sen's eldest son, Sun Fo. It was built under the supervision of Soong Ching-ling, the widow of Sun Yat-sen. The school was set up to inherit the wishes of Sun Yat-sen which development and personnel training are the root of prosperity and strength. The first name of the school was "Prime Minister's Hometown Memorial School"（总理故乡纪念中学）in 1934.In 1949, the school was renamed "Sun Yat-sen Memorial Secondary School".

title: Sun Yat-sen University

text: In the beginning all the Sun Yat-sen Universities were adopted a statism educational model () and based-on Dr. Sun Yat-sen's political philosophy, present-day Sun Yat-sen University is the result of multiple mergers as well as splits and restructurings that have involved more than a dozen academic institutions over time. The most recent merger happened in 2001, when Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Science merged with Sun Yat-sen University and became Sun Yat-sen College of Medical Science.

title: Sun Yat-sen University

text: The university has the largest affiliated hospital system in China, including Sun Yat-sen University First Hospital, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital(or Sun Yat-sen University Second Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Third Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Fourth Hospital (has merged into the First Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Fifth Hospital (or Zhuhai Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Sixth Hospital (or Sun Yat-sen University Gastrointestinal & Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University Stomatologic Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Ophthalmologic Center.

title: Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen

text: The Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen (), established in 1929, became the first national botanical garden in China. The original name, 'Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen', commemorated Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, the pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution. In 1954, it was renamed as Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is one of four major botanical gardens in China. The botanical garden is also known as Zhongshan Botanical Gardens after the spelling of its name in pinyin.

title: Sun Yat-sen

text: Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen, Nanjing. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Guangzhou. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Taipei Sun Yat-sen Memorial Centre, George Town, Penang, Malaysia A marker on the Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail on Hong Kong Island Dr Sun Yat-sen on the NT$100 banknote of Taiwan

title: Sun Yat-sen

text: In George Town, Penang, Malaysia, the Penang Philomatic Union had its premises at 120 Armenian Street in 1910, during the time when Sun spent more than four months in Penang, convened the historic "Penang Conference" to launch the fundraising campaign for the Huanghuagang Uprising and founded the Kwong Wah Yit Poh; this house, which has been preserved as the Sun Yat-sen Museum (formerly called the Sun Yat Sen Penang Base), was visited by President designate Hu Jintao in 2002. The Penang Philomatic Union subsequently moved to a bungalow at 65 Macalister Road which has been preserved as the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Centre Penang.

text: The Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Park and Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden are two separate entities, linked by the artificial pond. While the Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden is all of the above, the Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Park is a public park built in a Chinese style, with mostly North American materials.

title: Sun Yat-sen Park (Montreal)

text: Sun Yat-sen, or Place Sun Yat-sen, is a park in Montreal's Chinatown, in Quebec, Canada. The space, named after Sun Yat-sen, hosts many cultural events and other festivals. It features a bust of Sun Yat-sen.

title: Sun Yat-sen House (Nanjing)

text: The house has been called Zhongshan House (Sun Yat-sen House) for long, but it's unknown from when. It's included in the list of Nanjing Historic Preservations in 2006 and Nanjing Key Modern Historic Buildings in 2010. In the book "My Grandfather: Sun Yat-sen" published in 2001 written by Sun Huifang, a photo of the house is shown with the note "official mansion of Sun Yat-sen".

title: Chen Cuifen

text: Chen Cuifen (; 1873–1960) was born in Hong Kong as a fourth child. She was regarded as the “Forgotten revolutionary female” and "The first revolution partner" of Sun Yat-sen. Before marrying Soong Ching-ling, Sun Yat-sen had a 20 year-relationship with Chen Cuifen. In the "Sun Genealogy", she was called "Sun Yat-sen's concubine."

title: Sun Yat-sen House (Nanjing)

text: The place became part of campus of Nanjing University (Nanda) after 1952. "To prove it, original record or image material must be found, or it's only a legend." said Zhu Baoqin, a professor of history at Nanjing University. After research, Sun Huifang, the granddaughter of Sun Yat-sen, considered the house to be the house Sun Yat-sen lived when he was provisional president in the first year of Republic of China (1912). Sun Yat-sen once lived at Changjiang Road in Nanjing when he was provisional president.

title: Dr Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail

text: The Dr Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail () was set up in November 1996 by the Central and Western District Council to commemorate the 130th birthday of Sun Yat-sen. It includes 15 spots in the areas of Central and Sheung Wan in Hong Kong, related to the life of Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries in the late Qing era. Originally the Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail, it was renovated and renamed and two spots (now the 1st and the 7th spots) were added to it when Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum was opened in 2006.

title: Sun Yat-sen

text: Shan, Patrick Fuliang (2018). Yuan Shikai: A Reappraisal, The University of British Columbia Press. ISBN9780774837781. Sun Yat-sen's vision for China / Martin, Bernard, 1966. Sun Yat-sen, Yang Chu-yun, and the early revolutionary movement in China / Hsueh, Chun-tu Sun Yat-sen 1866–1925 / The Millennium Biographies / Hong Kong, 1999 Sun Yat-sen and the origins of the Chinese revolution Schiffrin, Harold Z. /1968. Sun Yat-sen; his life and its meaning; a critical biography. Sharman, Lyon, / 1968, c.1934 Sun Yat Sen in Penang. Khoo Salma Nasution, Areca Books / 2008, c. 2010 Sun Yat-sen and the Struggle for Modern China. Tjio, Kayloe. Marshall Cavendish / 2017. Cite uses deprecated parameter |dead-url= (help) Cite uses deprecated parameter |deadurl= (help) Pearl S. Buck, The Man Who Changed China: The Story of Sun Yat-sen (1953) Lawrence M. Kaplan, Homer Lea: American Soldier of Fortune (University Press of Kentucky, 2010).

title: Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang

text: In 2007, the international Chinese movie Road To Dawn, based on Dr. Sun Yat Sen’s revolutionary activities in Penang, filmed the reenactment of the Emergency Meeting of the 1910 Penang Conference in this museum. The house was extensively renovated in 2010–11, with special changes to its façade and roof. The craftsman for the renovation project came from Quanzhou, southern China. In 1910, the Sun Yat Sen Museum Penang hosted the 22nd Joint Conference of the Sun Yat Sen and Soong Ching Ling Memorials, a major event which was participated by 30 museums ad memorials and saw the reunion of 29 members of the Sun clan (descendants of Sun Yat-sen and Sun Mei). This event was an international centennial commemoration of the 1910 Penang Conference. In 1911, the Sun Yat Sen Museum Penang started an International Youth Exchange Programme with the China Soong Ching Ling Foundation.

title: Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang

text: The Sun Yat-sen Museum Penang formerly called the Sun Yat-sen Penang Base, is a museum in George Town, Penang, Malaysia. The museum is dedicated to Sun Yat-sen, a nationalist from China who established the Chinese Republic in 1912 after his efforts in Xinhai Revolution.

title: Sun Yat-sen

text: Sun's speech on Yaowarat street was commemorated by the street later being named "Sun Yat Sen Street" or "Soi Sun Yat Sen" (Thai: ซอยซุนยัตเซ็น) in his honour.[68]

title: Sun Yat-sen

text: Other references to Sun include the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou and National Sun Yat-sen University in Kaohsiung. Other structures include Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall subway station, Sun Yat-sen house in Nanjing, Dr. Sun Yat-sen Museum in Hong Kong, Chung-Shan Building, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Guangzhou, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei and Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall in Singapore. Zhongshan Memorial Middle School has also been a name used by many schools. Zhongshan Park is also a common name used for a number of places named after him. The first highway in Taiwan is called the Sun Yat-sen expressway. Two ships are also named after him, the Chinese gunboat Chung Shan and Chinese cruiser Yat Sen. The old Chinatown in Calcutta (now known as Kolkata), India has a prominent street by the name of Sun Yat-sen street. There are also two streets named after Sun Yat-sen, located in the cities of Astrakhan and Ufa, Russia.

title: Sun Yat-sen University

text: One of the predecessors of the Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Science was the Pok Tsai Medical School, which, founded in 1866, was the earliest institution of learning of western medicine in China, where Sun Yat-sen once studied and engaged in revolutionary activities. The Pok Tsai Medical School evolved into the College of Medicine of Lingnan University in 1936. The Kung Yee Medical School and Hospital in Guangzhou (Canton) was founded in 1908. In 1925, the Kung Yee institutions were taken over by the government and became the Medical Department of the National First Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University. In 1953, the Colleges of Medicine in Sun Yat-sen University and Lingnan University merged to form the College of Medicine of South China, which was joined by the Guangdong Guanghua College of Medicine in 1954. The university was renamed Guangzhou College of Medicine and Sun Yat-sen College of Medical Science successively, and finally Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Science in 1985, which has developed steadfastly into a comprehensive medical university with multi-schools and multiple levels, has reached national advanced level and achieved remarkable successes in scientific research in medical genetics, ophthalmology, tumor study, parasite study, the kidney disease of internal medicine, organ transplant, infectious liver disease, biological medical project and molecular medical science. In 2001, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Science merged with Sun Yat-sen University and became Sun Yat-sen College of Medical Science.

title: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center

text: In 1966, the name of the hospital was changed to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Sun Yat-sen Medical School. The name was later changed again in 1985, to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Sun Yat-sen Medical University. Twenty-three years after both their respective establishments, in 1987, the Cancer Hospital and the Cancer Institute merged under the name Sun Yat-sen Medical University Cancer Center. The name was simplified in 2001 to: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.

title: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall station (Guangzhou Metro)

text: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Station () is a station on Line 2 of the Guangzhou Metro that started operations on 29December 2002. It is located under Dongfeng Middle Road () and Lianxin Road () in the Yuexiu District of Guangzhou. The station is named for the Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hall, which was established in 1931 in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, the founder of the Republic of China. The English name of the station is the same as that of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Station in Taipei, Taiwan's Metro system.

title: Sun Yat-sen University

text: In 1924, Dr. Sun Yat-sen founded the National Canton University (国立广东大学) and inscribed in his own handwriting the school motto of "Study Extensively, Enquire Accurately, Reflect Carefully, Discriminate Clearly, Practise Earnestly." After the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the national government that was set up during the first cooperation between the Communists and Nationalists formally decreed to change its name to Sun Yat-sen University on July 17, 1926, in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. In 1926, there were five National Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) Universities: National First Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University in Guangzhou (the current Sun Yat-sen University), National Second Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University in Wuhan (the current Wuhan University), National Third Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University in Zhejiang (the current Zhejiang University), National Fourth Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University in Nanjing (the current Nanjing University, National Fifth Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University in Zhengzhou (the current Henan University). In the 1930s, there were seven schools in the university: the Schools of Arts, Sciences, Law, Engineering, Agricultural Studies, Medicine and Education. In 1935, Tsinghua University, Peking University and Sun Yat-sen University set up the first graduate schools in China and began to enroll graduate students. In the 1950s, colleges, schools and departments were readjusted nationwide, and Sun Yat-sen University became a national top-tier comprehensive university with the liberal arts and sciences as its backbone disciplines.

title: Sun Yat-sen

text: St. John's University in New York City has a facility built in 1973, the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall, built to resemble a traditional Chinese building in honor of Sun.[122] Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden is located in Vancouver, the largest classical Chinese gardens outside of Asia. There is the Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Park in Chinatown, Honolulu.[123] On the island of Maui, there is the little Sun Yat-sen Park at Kamaole. It is located near to where his older brother had a ranch on the slopes of Haleakala in the Kula region.[16][17][18][45]

title: National Sun Yat-sen University

text: The university was founded twice in 1924 and 1980 in response to the national development needs, the alumni of both the original Sun Yat-sen University and the historical Moscow Sun Yat-sen University have also contributed to the re-established of NSYSU. In the beginning all the Sun Yat-sen Universities were adopted a statism educational model () and based-on Dr. Sun Yat-sen's philosophy, present-day NSYSU is already a normally public university, but it is still famous for its powerful political and commercial relations.