query: When was the Nazi party founded?

title: Nazi Party

text: Hitler's first DAP speech was held in the Hofbräukeller on 16 October 1919. He was the second speaker of the evening, and spoke to 111 people.[43] Hitler later declared that this was when he realised he could really "make a good speech".[30] At first, Hitler spoke only to relatively small groups, but his considerable oratory and propaganda skills were appreciated by the party leadership. With the support of Anton Drexler, Hitler became chief of propaganda for the party in early 1920.[44] Hitler began to make the party more public, and organised its biggest meeting yet of 2,000 people on 24 February 1920 in the Staatliches Hofbräuhaus in München. Such was the significance of this particular move in publicity that Karl Harrer resigned from the party in disagreement.[45] It was in this speech that Hitler enunciated the twenty-five points of the German Workers' Party manifesto that had been drawn up by Drexler, Feder and himself.[46] Through these points he gave the organisation a much bolder stratagem[44] with a clear foreign policy (abrogation of the Treaty of Versailles, a Greater Germany, Eastern expansion and exclusion of Jews from citizenship) and among his specific points were: confiscation of war profits, abolition of unearned incomes, the State to share profits of land and land for national needs to be taken away without compensation.[47] In general, the manifesto was antisemitic, anti-capitalist, anti-democratic, anti-Marxist and anti-liberal.[48] To increase its appeal to larger segments of the population, on the same day as Hitler's Hofbräuhaus speech on 24 February 1920, the DAP changed its name to the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei ("National Socialist German Workers' Party", or Nazi Party).[49][50] The word "Socialist" was added by the party's executive committee, over Hitler's objections, in order to help appeal to left-wing workers.[51]

title: Karl-Heinz Gerstner

text: In 1931 he joined the socialist "Red students group". On 1 May 1933 he joined the Nazi party: he was member number 2,673,178. Party membership had surged since January 1933 when the Nazis took power and lost no time in transforming Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Nevertheless, in his autobiography published in 1999 Gerstner evidently identified an inconsistency which could not go unremarked. He had taken the step, he wrote, only "out of hatred against Hitler ... in order [to do] something against the Nazis" ("nur aus "Hass gegen Hitler ...um etwas gegen die Nazis" zu tun"). With half an eye on Gerstner's subsequent career as a German diplomat, there were commentators who found the explanation less than persuasive.

title: Heinrich Jasper

text: Even before the Nazi party took power nationally at the beginning of 1933, Heinrich Jasper found himself on the receiving end of persecution from the new minister-president, the Nazi party member Dietrich Klagges, who was both his successor and his political opponent in the . During the early part of 1933 the Nazis took power and converted Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Political activity (except in support of the Nazi party) was becoming illegal. For Jasper personally, long recognised as the leader of the Braunschweig Social Democrats, and according to one source "one of the people most hated by the Nazis" locally, the backdrop was particularly dire.

title: Monheim, Bavaria

text: During the Nazi era, Monheim saw its mayor, Josef Hofmann, replaced with local party leader Albert Königsdorfer. Some of the members of the local council were temporarily taken in "protective custody". Resistance to the Nazis was passive, at best. When the figurine of Saint Walpurga on the fountain of the market square was replaced by a more war-like motif in October 1937, the Catholic parish priest, Anton Geitner, an anti-Nazi, refused the Nazi salute and found himself heavily criticised.

title: Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party

text: The early titles used by the Nazi Party were far removed from their late 1930s and World War II counterparts. Between 1921 and 1923, considered the earliest time period that the Nazi Party existed, there were no titles or ranks used by the regular Nazi Party members although several members choose to wear World War I uniforms at party meetings. When Adolf Hitler replaced Anton Drexler as the leader of the Nazi Party, Hitler began calling himself by the title of Führer (Leader), thus establishing the first formal Nazi Party titles. A position of Deputy Führer ("Stellvertreter des Führers"), held by Rudolf Hess was created shortly thereafter, as well as a few administrative titles such as Party Secretary and Party Treasurer, which had become formal titles by the time of the abortive Beer Hall Putsch in November 1923.

title: Nazism and the Wehrmacht

text: Many officers too in the early 1930s started to express admiration for National Socialism, which they saw as the best way of creating the much desired "Wehrstaat" (military state). An important sign of the sympathy for National Socialism within the military came in September–October 1930, with the trial in Leipzig of three junior officers, Lieutenant , Hans Friedrich Wendt and Hans Ludin. The three men were charged with membership in the Nazi Party; at that time membership in political parties was forbidden for members of the "Reichswehr". The three officers openly admitted to Nazi Party membership, and used as their defence the claim that the Nazi Party membership should not be forbidden to "Reichswehr" personnel. When the three officers were caught red-handed distributing Nazi literature at their base, their commanding officer, General Ludwig Beck (of the 5th Artillery Regiment based in Ulm), was furious at their arrest, and argued that since the Nazi Party was a force for good, "Reichswehr" personnel should be allowed to join the Party. At the Leipzig trial of Ludin and Scheringer, Beck and other officers testified about the good character of the accused, described the Nazi Party as a positive force in German life, and proclaimed his belief that the "Reichswehr" ban on Nazi Party membership should be rescinded. The trial in Leipzig caused a media sensation and Hitler himself testified at the trial about how much Nazi and "Reichswehr" values were one and the same. After the trial, many "Reichswehr" officers started to favour the NSDAP.

title: Völkisch Work Community

text: The movement was one of a number of Völkisch nationalist movements that existed in Germany during the Weimar Republic era and in 1921, the Nazi Party under the leadership of Anton Drexler attempted to negotiate with Dickel to merge the Volkisch Work Community with the Nazi Party and the German Socialist Party. However such plans were scrapped when Adolf Hitler, then only a member of the Nazi party, vehemently rejected the plan and threatened to resign from the Nazi Party, if the Nazis agreed to merge with the German Socialist Party and the Völkisch Work Community, Hitler personally accused Dickel of being an enemy of National Socialism. Over time, Dickel gradually drifted away from his economic leftism, and by the 1930s he had become a proponent of laissez-faire capitalism.

title: Anton Drexler

text: Drexler was also a member of a "völkisch" political club for affluent members of Munich society known as the Thule Society. His membership in the Nazi Party ended when it was temporarily outlawed in 1923 following the Beer Hall Putsch despite Drexler not actually having taken part in the coup attempt. In 1924 he was elected to the Bavarian state parliament for another party, in which he served as vice president until 1928. He played no role in the Nazi Party's re-founding in 1925 and rejoined only after Hitler ascended to national power in 1933. He founded a splinter group, the "Nationalsozialer Volksbund", but this dissolved in 1928. He received the party's Blood Order in 1934 and was still occasionally used as a propaganda tool until about 1937, but he was never allowed any legitimate power in the party.

title: Nazi Party

text: The term "Nazi" derives from the name given in German to a party member Nationalsozialist (German pronunciation:[natsi̯oˈnaːlzotsi̯aˌlɪst]) and was coined in response to the German term Sozi (pronounced [ˈzoːtsiː]), an abbreviation of Sozialdemokrat (member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany).[17][18] Members of the party referred to themselves as Nationalsozialisten (National Socialists), rarely as Nazis. The term Parteigenosse (party member) was commonly used among Nazis, with the feminine form Parteigenossin used when it was appropriate.[19]

title: Ludwig Beck

text: In September–October 1930, Beck was a leading defence witness at the trial in Leipzig of three junior officers, Lieutenant Richard Scheringer, Hans Friedrich Wendt and Hanns Ludin. The three men were charged with membership in the Nazi Party; at that time membership in political parties was forbidden for members of the "Reichswehr". The three officers admitted to Nazi Party membership, and used as their defence the claim that the Nazi Party membership should not be forbidden to "Reichswehr" personnel. When the three officers were arrested after being caught red-handed distributing Nazi literature at their base, Beck, who was the commanding officer of the 5th Artillery Regiment based in Ulm, to which the three Nazi officers belonged, was furious and argued that since the Nazi Party was a force for good that "Reichswehr" personnel should not be banned from joining the Nazi Party. At the preliminary hearing, Beck spoke on behalf of the three officers. At the Leipzig trial of Ludin and Scheringer, Beck testified as to the good character of the accused, described the Nazi Party as a positive force in German life, and proclaimed his belief that the "Reichswehr" ban on Nazi Party membership in his opinion should be rescinded. When Lieutenant Scheringer spoke of a future war in which the Nazi Party and the "Reichswehr" were to fight hand in hand as brothers in a "war of liberation" to overthrow the Treaty of Versailles, Beck supported Scheringer by testifying that: "The "Reichswehr" is told daily that it is an army of leaders. What is a young officer to understand by that?". Historians such as Sir John Wheeler-Bennett have noted that Beck was deliberately distorting Hans von Seeckt's "Führerarmee" ("Army of leaders" i.e. training soldiers to be leaders when the time came to expand the Army beyond the limits permitted by Versailles) principle by seeking to apply it to politics.

title: Donald A. Swan

text: In 1966, Swan was arrested on mail-fraud charges. During the raid on Swan's apartment in Queens, New York, the police found Nazi memorabilia, weapons and ammunition. A book by George Lincoln Rockwell of the American Nazi Party was also found, as well as a photograph depicting Swan with American Nazi Party members.

title: National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark

text: The party was founded on 16 November 1930, after the success of the Nazis in the German Reichstag elections of that year. The party mimicked the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party) in Germany, including the use of the swastika and Hitler salute, the naming of their fighting force as SA, and even the singing of a translated version of the Horst Wessel Song. The party was antisemitic, though not to the same degree as the German Nazis.

title: American Nazi Party

text: A former member of the original American Nazi Party, Rocky Suhayda, founded his own organization using the American Nazi Party name and has been active since at least 2008. Suhayda claims Rockwell as its founder despite no direct legal or financial link between it and Rockwell's legacy organization. The one connection between the original American Nazi Party and Rocky Suhayda's group besides ideology is that they sell reprints of Rockwell's 1960s-era magazine "The Stormtrooper" on their website"." Suhayda's American Nazi Party condemns the largest Neo-Nazi group in the United States, the National Socialist Movement (United States). Suhayda's party does not consider the NSM to be a national socialist group and Suhayda says the NSM founder, Clifford Herrington, husband of the founder of Joy of Satan, is a devil-worshiper.

title: Oskar Müller

text: When the Nazi Party came to power, Müller was declared one of their enemies. On 22 November 1933 the Gestapo arrested him. He spent three years in a penitentiary and was held until 1939 in a Nazi concentration camp. From June 1939 by August 1944 he found accommodation in the Offenbacher leather industry as an employee. In August 1944, he was again arrested for resisting the Nazis and imprisoned at Dachau.

title: Sweden Democrats

text: While opinions on the early SD vary, it is generally agreed (also by the Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism and by "Expo") thatSD has never been a Nazi party, although various connections have existed through some of its former members. The party sponsored music of the nationalist Viking rock band Ultima Thule, and various party officials today acknowledge that being fans of Ultima Thule's music factored prominently in their decision to become politically engaged. Among the founding officials of the party were several people that formerly had expressed strong support for the ideology of Nazi Germany. The party's first auditor, Gustaf Ekström, was a "Waffen-SS" veteran and had been a member of the national socialist party "Svensk Socialistisk Samling" in the1940s. In 1989, Ekström was a member of the Sweden Democrats' national board. SD's first chairman Anders Klarström had been active in the neo-Nazi ("Nordic Realm Party"). Early on, the party recommended international connections to its members such as the National Democratic Party of Germany, the American National Association for the Advancement of White People (founded by David Duke) and publications like the Nazi "Nation Europa" and "", a newspaper that advocates racial biology.

title: Nazi Party

text: German eagle: The Nazi Party used the traditional German eagle, standing atop of a swastika inside a wreath of oak leaves. It is also known as the "Iron Eagle". When the eagle is looking to its left shoulder, it symbolises the Nazi Party and was called the Parteiadler. In contrast, when the eagle is looking to its right shoulder, it symbolises the country (Reich) and was therefore called the Reichsadler. After the Nazi Party came to national power in Germany, they replaced the traditional version of the German eagle with the modified party symbol throughout the country and all its institutions.

title: Kreuz und Adler

text: Kreuz und Adler (Cross and Eagle) was a pro-Nazi Catholic organization founded in 1933. It was founded at the behest of German Vice-Chancellor and Catholic Franz von Papen as a means to create reconciliation between the Nazi regime and the Catholic Church that had previously held hostility to the Nazis. It was founded after 28 March 1933 when the Catholic Church ended its previous ban on Catholics being members of the Nazi Party.

title: Nazism in Sweden

text: Nazism in Sweden has been more or less fragmented and unable to form a mass movement since its beginning in the early 1920s. Several hundred parties, groups, and associations existed from the movement's founding through the present. At most, purely Nazi parties in Sweden have collected around 27,000 votes in democratic elections. The high point came in the municipal elections of 1934 when the Nazi parties were victorious in over one hundred electoral contests. As early as January 22, 1932, the Swedish Nazis had their first public meeting with Birger Furugård addressing an audience of 6000 at the Haymarket in Stockholm.

title: Neo-Nazism

text: There are several neo-Nazi groups in the United States. The National Socialist Movement (NSM), with about 400 members in 32 states, is currently the largest neo-Nazi organization in the United States. After World War II, new organizations formed with varying degrees of support for Nazi principles. The National States' Rights Party, founded in 1958 by Edward Reed Fields and J. B. Stoner countered racial integration in the Southern United States with Nazi-inspired publications and iconography. The American Nazi Party, founded by George Lincoln Rockwell in 1959, achieved high-profile coverage in the press through its public demonstrations.

title: Walther Sommerlath

text: Not very much is publicly known about Sommerlath's Nazi affiliations. Living as a German citizen in São Paulo, Brazil, Sommerlath joined as an expatriate member the German National Socialist Worker's Party, NSDAP/AO, on 1 December 1934, as member no. 3592030. His brother Paul Sommerlath had joined the Party in 1933. Most Germans in Brazil chose not to be members in the party. This is why Brazil's president, Getulio Vargas, found no real opposition when he decided to outlaw it (1938). The Sommerlath brothers remained members of the Nazi party until the party was banned and dissolved by the allies in 1945.

title: Heinrich Hoffmann (photographer)

text: Hoffmann met Hitler in 1919 and joined the Nazi Party on 6 April 1920. He participated in the Beer Hall Putsch as a photographic correspondent. While the Nazi Party was banned Hoffmann joined the ephemeral "Großdeutsche Volksgemeinschaft" and rejoined the Nazi Party in 1925. The following year he co-founded the "Illustrierter Beobachter". In November 1929 he represented the Nazi Party in the district assembly of Upper Bavaria and from December 1929 to December 1933 he served as a city councillor of Munich. In 1940 Hofmann became a member of the Nazi German Reichstag.

title: Swastika

text: The use of the swastika was incorporated by Nazi theorists with their conjecture of Aryan cultural descent of the German people. The fascination of the German people with Aryanism arose when artifacts with swastikas on them were found near the Trojan city of Troy by . The Nazi party was looking for the symbol that would preferably catch the attention of all of Germany and the swastika had that potential. It became a symbol to unify the German people, to a conjecture about their ancestors, Aryan identity and nationalistic pride. It also allowed the Nazi party to establish their anti-Semitic views, as well as terrify Jews and the enemies of the Nazi state.

title: Nazi Party

text: Deutsche Gemeinschaft was a branch of the Nazi Party founded in 1919, created for Germans with Volksdeutsche status.[117] It is not to be confused with the post-war right-wing Deutsche Gemeinschaft, which was founded in 1949.

title: American Nazi Party

text: The American Nazi Party (ANP) is a far-right American political party founded by George Lincoln Rockwell with its headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. Rockwell founded the organization as the World Union of Free Enterprise National Socialists (WUFENS), but renamed it the American Nazi Party in 1960. Since the late 1960s, a number of small groups have used the name "American Nazi Party" with most being independent from each other and disbanding before the 21st century. The party is based largely upon the ideals and policies of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party in Germany during the Nazi era, and embraced its uniforms and iconography. Shortly after Rockwell's assassination in 1967, the organization appointed Rockwell's second in command, Deputy Commander Matt Koehl as the new leader. The American Nazi Party, now under Koehl's command, was subject to ideological disagreements between members in the 1970s and 1980s. "In 1982, Martin Kerr, a leader at the Franklin Road headquarters, announced that the organization was changing its name to the New Order and moving to the Midwest," effective January 1, 1983. Due to recruitment issues along with financial and legal trouble, Koehl was forced to relocate the group's headquarters from the DC area, eventually finding his way to scattered locations in Wisconsin and Michigan. After Koehl's death in 2014, long-time member and officer of the New Order, Martin Kerr assumed leadership and maintains the New Order website and organization.

title: Social-National Party of Ukraine

text:
According to Andriy Parubiy, the Party was co-founded in 1991 by Parubiy himself and Oleh Tyahnybok, both of whom would later play major roles in the 2013 Maidan demonstrations that brought down the government of Ukraine's President Viktor Yanukovych in 2014.
The party was registered on October 16, 1995; although the original movement was founded on October 13, 1991, in Lviv. It was founded by the Student Fraternity of Lviv city, public organization of the Soviet Afghan War veterans, a youth organization "Spadshchyna" (Heritage) and the Rukh Guard. Its ideology was based on theoretical work of the OUN politician Yaroslav Stetsko "Two revolutions". According to "Der Spiegel" the "Social-National Party" title was an "intentional reference to Adolf Hitler's National Socialist party." Another echo was the use of the Wolfsangel logo, a symbol popular among neo-Nazi groups. The Ukrainian political scientist Vitaliy Kulyk however stated that while similar to signs used by Neo-Nazi organizations in Europe the sign Idea of the Nation has nothing to do with Wolfsangel and there were no actions that confirmed the party's Nazi image. Although there was an incident when on 21 September 1993 its "people's formations" came to the Verkhovna Rada building dressed all in black to differentiate themselves from woodland camouflaged UNA-UNSO activists.

title: Ulrich Graf

text: Shortly after the First World War, Graf became a member of the German Workers' Party (DAP). Later, the DAP was renamed the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP; Nazi Party) and taken over by Adolf Hitler. Founded in 1920, the "Sturmabteilung" (SA) was the first of many paramilitary protection squads that worked to protect Nazi officials. These storm troopers, outfitted in brown uniforms, were initially charged with the duty of keeping order at Nazi Party meetings. They soon expanded their role to include disruption of rival political party's functions. Graf was an early member of the SA. In 1921, he became member number 2882 of the Nazi Party.

title: Alfred Frauenfeld

text: However Frauenfeld first came to prominence in the politics of Vienna, initially in Hermann Hiltl's movement, before becoming a highly influential figure amongst the city's Nazis during the late 1920s. He seems to have joined the Austrian Nazi Party in August 1929 and very quickly took on the role of "bezirksleiter" for his district of Vienna. He was confirmed by Adolf Hitler as Nazi Gauleiter in Vienna in 1930. In this role he became hugely active, organising over 1000 propaganda meetings in three years and founding a party newspaper "Der Kampfruf" with his own money in 1930, before ultimately running four Nazi dailies and four weeklies. Under his command the Nazis became an important force in Vienna, winning almost ten times as many votes in the 1932 elections as they did in 1930. From a few hundred members when he took over, Frauenfeld had expanded the Viennese party to 40,000 members by 1934. Frauenfeld's success saw him considered for the post of leader of the Austrian Nazi Party in 1931, although ultimately Theodor Habicht was chosen for the role by Gregor Strasser on Hitler's advice. Despite his success as an organiser Frauenfeld also had a reputation for a domineering and impolite temperament, something which ensured a frosty relationship with other leading Austrian Nazis Josef Leopold and Alfred Proksch.

title: Bavarian Political Police

text: Bavaria, Germany's second-largest state after Prussia, and specifically its capital Munich, was the breeding ground of the Nazis. It was Munich where the Nazi Party was founded and where Adolf Hitler's political career began. Munich was where the party newspaper, "Völkische Beobachter", as well as Hitler's Mein Kampf were published. For these reasons the city was declared to be the "Capital of the movement" in 1935 and remained the spiritual capital of Nazi Germany even when the political centre was Berlin.

title: Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party

text: The first purpose of the Nazi Party political ranks was to provide election district leadership positions during the years where the Nazis were attempting to come to power in Germany. After 1933, when the Third Reich had been established, Nazi Party ranks played a much more important role existing as a political chain of command operating side by side with the German government.

title: Josef Leopold

text: Leopold became leader of the Austrian Nazi Party in December 1934 but was again interned in 1935 following the banning of the Nazi Party, although he was released the following year when Adolf Hitler concluded a friendship treaty with Kurt Schuschnigg. Although still party leader officially, Leopold found that during his time in prison real power within the party passed to Friedrich Rainer and Odilo Globocnik who, on Hitler's express instructions, were seeking to build alliances with more conservative leaders such as Arthur Seyss-Inquart and even Kurt Schuschnigg.

title: Blutfahne

text: In 1926, at the second Nazi Party congress at Weimar, Hitler ceremonially bestowed the flag on Joseph Berchtold, then head of the SS. The flag was thereafter treated as a sacred object by the Nazi Party and carried by SS-"Sturmbannführer" Jakob Grimminger at various Nazi Party ceremonies. One of the most visible uses of the flag was when Hitler, at the Party's annual Nuremberg rallies, touched other Nazi banners with the "Blutfahne", thereby "sanctifying" them. This was done in a special ceremony called the "flag consecration" ("Fahnenweihe").


query: Is the USS Hobson still in use?

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: In 1952, Hobson collided with the aircraft carrier USS<i>Wasp(CV-18) and sunk with the loss of 176 crew. The ships had been undertaking amphibious exercises in the Atlantic, with Wasp practicing night flying, when Hobson attempted to turn in front of the carrier and collided with Wasp. Hobson was broken in two and quickly sunk, causing the greatest loss of life on a US Navy ship since World War II.

title: Magnolia Grove (Greensboro, Alabama)

text: On January 22, 1942, the "Gleaves"-class destroyer, USS "Hobson", was commissioned in his honor posthumously. Magnolia Grove was dedicated as a state shrine in his honor on May 1, 1947, largely due to the appeal of his youngest sister, Miss Margaret Hobson.

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: Hobson sailed with Ranger and other ships 5 August 1943 to join the British Home Fleet at Scapa Flow. Arriving 19 August, she operated under Royal Navy orders in northern waters, helping to provide cover for vital supply convoys to Russia. While at Scapa Flow, she was inspected by US Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox and Admiral Harold Rainsford Stark on 21 September. Hobson and DesDiv 20 along with Ranger and the heavy cruisers USS<i>Augusta and USS<i>Tuscaloosa(CA-37) formed a task force under the command of Rear Admiral Olaf M. Hustvedt that executed Operation Leader, a daring raid of combined British and American naval forces on 2–4 October 1943, when Ranger's air wing of dive bombers, torpedo bombers and fighters staged a devastating attack on German shipping at Bodø, Norway. Following this operation, the destroyer continued to operate with Home Fleet. She screened the aircraft carrier HMS<i>Formidable during flight operations in November and after two convoy voyages to Iceland, Hobson and Desdiv 20 returned to Boston and U.S. operational control 3 December 1943.[2]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: Hobson, constructed at a cost of $5 million, was launched at the Charleston Navy Yard on 8 September 1941; sponsored by Mrs. Grizelda Hobson, widow of Rear Admiral Hobson. As the new destroyer slid down the ways, she was cheered on by spectators and whistle blasts from other vessels on the Cooper River.[1] Hobson was commissioned on 22 January 1942, Commander R.N. McFarlane in command.[2]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: As a direct result of the sinking of Hobson, upon recommendation of the court of inquiry, the Allied Navy Signal Book was changed. A special signal was to be put into use for carriers during aircraft operations. The court of inquiry also stated in its findings that, in the future, proposed schedules for aircraft launching and recovery should be provided to the vessels performing plane guard duties.

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: Hobson received six battle stars for World War II service, five in the European theater and one in the Asiatic Pacific theater, and shared in the Presidential Unit Citation awarded to the ships in the Bogue antisubmarine task group in the Atlantic, for the period 26 February to 25 March 1944.[2]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: A court of inquiry performed an investigation into the sinking of Hobson in an effort to determine the cause of the tragedy. The opinion of the court of inquiry was "that the sole cause of the collision was the unexplained left turn made by the Hobson about 2224. In making this left turn the Commanding Officer committed a grave error in judgement."[31] Since the commanding officer did not survive the collision, the reason for this error could not be determined. No one else was considered to be at fault and the crew of Wasp was absolved of any responsibility for the collision.[31] The commanding officer of Hobson had six months of prior command experience on a High-speed transport (APD), but had been in command of Hobson for only five weeks. Seven days of that were underway and only 3 1/2 days were with the task group.[32] The cost of repairs to Wasp was said to be $1 million ($9.43million today).[32]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: In 1954, the USS Hobson Memorial Society erected an obelisk memorial of Salisbury Pink granite, quarried from Salisbury, North Carolina at the city where Hobson had been built 14 years earlier, Charleston, South Carolina. The memorial is dedicated to the 176 men of the Hobson who perished in the collision with Wasp. Surrounding the obelisk are stones from each of the 38 states where the men came from. Their names are inscribed and can also be seen in the 1954 dedication program for the memorial.[38]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: The court of inquiry also noted that Wasp, Rodman, and Hobson were all running without normal marine navigation lights, just red aircraft warning lights on top of their masts.[31]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: As the Allies prepared to land in North Africa, Hobson, the three other destroyers of DesDiv 20 and Ellyson as destroyer flag under Capt. J.L. Holloway, joined Task Group 34.2 Airgroup under Rear Admiral Ernest D. McWhorter, composed of Ranger, Sangamon-class escort carrier USS<i>Suwannee(CVE-27), light cruiser USS<i>Cleveland(CL-55), two submarines and a fleet oiler. The group was part of Task Force 34, Western Naval Task Force- Morocco, under Rear Admiral Henry Kent Hewitt, flag on the cruiser USS<i>Augusta(CA-31).[4][5] The Allies organized three amphibious task forces to seize the key ports and airports of Vichy French-controlled Morocco and Algeria simultaneously, targeting Casablanca, Oran and Algiers. Successful completion of these operations was to be followed by an advance eastwards into Tunisia.

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: of USS Hobson at NavSource Naval History held by Special Collection & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: USS Hobson (DD-464/DMS-26), a Gleaves-classdestroyer, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Richmond Pearson Hobson, who was awarded the Medal of Honor for actions during the Spanish–American War. He would later in his career attain the rank of rear admiral and go on to serve as a congressman from the state of Alabama.

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: At first it looked as though Hobson might escape the massive carrier as her bow and number-one stack passed from starboard to port, but then there was a horrendous, grinding crash as Wasp struck Hobson amidships. The force of the collision rolled the destroyer-minesweeper over onto her port side, breaking her in two. The aft section of Hobson trailed alongside of the carrier while the forward half was temporarily lodged in the Wasp's bow. The aft part of the ship sank first but 40 of the survivors came from that section as men were literally shot out of a scuttle hatch they had managed to open, propelled by the force of water and expelling air. Aboard the carrier, life rafts were being dropped over and lines lowered. One set of double rafts fell on top of a cluster of five men who were never seen again. One lucky man, a chief petty officer in the bow, managed to grab a pipe protruding from Wasp, just as Hobson's bow began her descent under the waves and leaped onto Wasp without getting wet. Survival for the rest of Hobson's crew in the thick, glutinous fuel oil was incredible, yet it happened for some. Rodman and Wasp pulled aboard 61 oil-coated survivors, but the destroyer and 176 of her crew were lost in less than five minutes, including Tierney, who dove from the bridge into the sea moments before the carrier plowed into Hobson – and brought about the tragic end of the destroyer-minesweeper's valiant career.[2][35] The sinking of Hobson was the worst non-combat accident for the U.S. Navy since the disappearance of the collier USS<i>Cyclops(AC-4) with 306 crew and passengers en route from Barbados to Baltimore, Maryland in March 1918, during World War I.[36][37]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: During the first two months of 1944, Hobson trained in Chesapeake Bay and operated with carriers between the East Coast and Bermuda. She joined escort carrier USS<i>Bogue(CVE-9), flagship of Anti-Submarine Task Group 21.11, and the group's four other destroyers or destroyer escorts at Norfolk for temporary duty, departing 26 February 1944. These Hunter-killer Groups (HUK's) played a major part in driving German U-boats from the sea lanes, and this cruise was no exception. After patrolling for over two weeks, the destroyers spotted an oil slick, made sonar contact, and commenced depth charge attacks on the afternoon of 13 March 1944. The German submarine<i>U-575 was severely damaged and was forced to surface, after which gunfire from Hobson, USS<i>Haverfield(DE-393), a torpedo bomber from Composite Squadron Ninety-Five (VC 95) based on Bogue, the Canadian frigate HMCS Prince Rupert and an RAF Flying Fortress (No. 220 Squadron) sank her.[11] After further anti-submarine sweeps as far east as the Azores, Hobson detached from the HUK on 25 March 1944, and returned to Boston 2 April 1944.[2][3][12][13]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: The destroyers arrived off "Point Mike", the outermost area of Utah with the other ships of the bombardment group at 0140 on 6 June. All vessels entering into Utah had to remain in their assigned asymmetrical and exact mine-swept channels that had been drawn up and cleared to provide the maximum safety from the mine peril and to permit access to all the carefully designated positions of the bombardment ships. Minesweepers cleared the area where transport craft would assemble and discharge; and provided adequate channels for all the amphibious boats between "Transport Area" and the landing beaches. The order of ships was the British destroyers HMS<i>Enterprise(D52), HMS<i>Hawkins(D86), and the Dutch gunboat HNLMS<i>Soemba. The American destroyers USS<i>Jeffers(DD-621), USS<i>Glennon(DD-620), " Hobson and Forrest followed as screen for Bayfield and three other Allied transports carrying General Raymond O. Barton's 4th Infantry Division troops as far as the transport area. The destroyers then closed in on their action stations. Fire Support Unit 3, Hobson, Corry and Fitch, led the first waves of landing boats down the boat lane, breaking off in time to be in their stations at 0540.[15]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: After the attack, Hobson anchored at Kerama Retto, returning to Ulithi on 29 April 1945 and Pearl Harbor on 16 May 1945. Hobson then sailed via San Diego and the Panama Canal Zone to Norfolk Naval Shipyard, where she arrived on 15 June 1945 for repairs.[2]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: The unconditional surrender of Imperial Japan came with Hobson still undergoing repairs. With repairs completed and after shakedown training, she spent February 1946 on mine-sweeping operations out of Yorktown, Virginia. The remainder of the year was spent in training and readiness exercises in the Caribbean and off Norfolk. Until 1950, the ship continued to operate off the East Coast and in Caribbean waters on amphibious and mine warfare operations. In late 1948, she visited Argentia and Halifax, Nova Scotia on mine-sweeping exercises with Canadian ships. With the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950, Hobson's schedule of training intensified. She took part in amphibious exercises off North Carolina and Puerto Rico during 1950–51, and participated in carrier operations as a plane guard and screening ship.[2]

title: Cooke Optics

text: Administratively speaking, Cooke Optics is a spin-off of the company Taylor-Hobson. However, Taylor-Hobson used to be a lens manufacturer and Cooke lenses used to be its sole activity before Taylor-Hobson moved to the market of metrology instruments. Hence the foundation of Cooke Optics can be regarded as the foundation of Taylor, Taylor and Hobson (TTH) in 1886, and Cooke Optics can be regarded as the successor of the original Taylor, Taylor and Hobson business.

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: On 9 March 1945, Hobson arrived at Ulithi, the main staging area for the Okinawa Invasion 1,180mi. away from the objective, where she and eight other members of her squadron engaged in exercises and calibration of their sweeping equipment until the remaining three sweepers arrived on the 12th. On the last day at sea Fitch wrecked her propeller on a reef and had to return to Pearl Harbor. The aircraft carriers departed for Okinawa on 14 March, and the eleven remaining sweeps of MinRon 20 left on the 19th. Given the nature of their task, the minesweepers had to be the first surface vessels at the target area and unlike the carriers, they headed directly to Okinawa, making the voyage in four days. While the four day journey was uneventful, the two threats the minesweepers faced were Japanese air attacks and the deteriorating weather. Hobson arrived at Okinawa well in advance of the assault troops to sweep the offshore areas, where she was often attacked by Japanese planes. In the early hours of L-Day, she and Emmons were on radar picket duty with Hobson as fire support ship. As the amphibious assault began on 1 April 1945, Hobson also took up patrol duties and provided night illumination during the first critical days of the campaign. As desperate enemy suicide attacks were repulsed with heavy losses, Hobson was called upon on 13 April 1945 to take up a radar picket station where USS<i>Mannert L. Abele(DD-733) had been sunk in a heavy kamikaze attack the previous night.[2]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: Since target 74 was then inactive, Hobson began alternately taking targets 13A and 86 under fire while keeping watch on target 74. At 0721, it was clear that Corry was sinking and Hobson began to close range on her while continuing her firing on the two targets. At that time, the group commander ordered Fitch to stand by the Corry since Hobson's mission of covering the landing beach flank was vital. By then the German shore batteries at 13A and 86 had ceased firing, and Hobson lowered her two boats to assist Fitch in picking up the Corry's survivors. Hobson then resumed her station and continued firing on target 74 and a nearby roadblock and strong point. At 0854, according to schedule, USS<i>Butler(DD-636) relieved Hobson at her station, and Hobson was ordered to assume Corry's fire support mission at station 3.[17] Hobson continued firing on German shore positions while simultaneously rescuing survivors from the water until returning to Plymouth, England later that afternoon. The destroyer was not long out of the fray, however, returning on 8 June 1944 to screen the assault area. She also jammed glider bomb radio frequencies on 9–11 June and provided channel convoy protection.[2]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: Hobson was pennant of Destroyer Division 20 (DesDiv 20), composed of USS<i>Forrest(DD-461), USS<i>Fitch(DD-462) and USS<i>Corry(DD-463) that along with Destroyer Division 19 made up Destroyer Squadron 10 (DesRon 10), with its pennant on USS<i>Ellyson(DD-454); Destroyer Flotilla Four, with its flag on USS<i>Wainwright(DD-419); Destroyers, Atlantic Fleet.[3] Following extensive shakedown and training operations in Casco Bay, Maine, the new destroyer under command of Lt. Cdr. Kenneth Loveland and her sister ships of Desdiv 20 joined veteran aircraft carrier USS<i>Ranger(CV-4) at Norfolk, Virginia, and sailed on 1 July 1942 to escort her to Africa. Carrying a vital cargo of 72 P-40 aircraft, Ranger arrived safely via Trinidad, unloaded the planes and returned with Desdiv 20 on 5 August 1942. Hobson then conducted training exercises off Newport, Rhode Island, and Norfolk until 3 October 1942, when she departed Norfolk for Bermuda on escort duty.[2]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: Hobson's executive officer, Lt. Robert M. Vogel gave this account: On 16 April 1945 at 0500 and 75 miles northwest of Okinawa, fifteen enemy planes spotted Hobson, USS<i>Pringle(DD-477) and two accompanying gunboats and made passes at the ships; however, the attackers were driven off by anti-aircraft fire. At 0853, one of the planes made a suicide run on Pringle but was shot down by gunners on both Hobson and Pringle. Another dived on Pringle at 0920, slamming into the destroyer's bridge, and plowing through the superstructure deck, abaft the base of number one stack. A single 1,000-pound bomb, or two 500-pounders, penetrated the main and superstructure decks and exploded with a violent eruption, buckling the keel and splitting the vessel in two at the forward fire room. Pringle sank in six minutes.[30]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: Two more suicide planes attacked Hobson but her gunners shot them into the sea. The two gunboats shot down another. The remaining Japanese planes continued to make passes for an hour before they withdrew. Meanwhile, the Hobson's crew extinguished the fires in fifteen minutes, rigged emergency power lines in four minutes and the ship continued to maneuver. Thirty-five minutes after the attack ended, Hobson had picked up 136 of the Pringle's 258 survivors, clinging to rafts and wreckage. The two gunboats rescued the others. During the attack, Hobson's gunners shot down four Japanese suicide planes in 67 minutes. That same morning, about 40 minutes before Pringle was sunk, the destroyer USS<i>Laffey(DD-724) and several other ships on radar picket duty, had also been hit by kamikazes about fifty miles away.[30]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: Hobson's captain, Lt. Cdr. Loveland, was awarded the Legion of Merit with Combat "V" for his exceptionally meritorious conduct for depth-charging and subsequently sinking the U-575 on 13 March 1944 after it surfaced. For his gallantry in action at the Normandy D-Day amphibious assault on Utah Beach and later at the bombardment of German defenses at Cherbourg, Loveland was awarded the Silver Star. He was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for heroism and meritorious performance of duty in the face of great danger during the Hobson's attempted rescue and successful towing operation of the mined SS Johns Hopkins off Marseilles, France, on 2 October 1944.[40] For his extraordinary heroism during the attack at Okinawa, Hobson's commanding officer, Lt. Cdr. Manning, was awarded the Navy Cross.[41] Also for the Okinawa action, Hobson's executive officer, Lt. Vogel, was awarded the Bronze Star[42] and her engineer officer, Lt. (j.g.) Martin J. Cavanaugh, Jr., and Chief Machinist's Mate, Howard B. Farris, were awarded the Silver Star.[43]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: For some time the Allies had been building up tremendous strength in England for the eventual invasion of France. Hobson and the other three destroyers of DesDiv 20, Corry, Forrest and Fitch, sailed from Norfolk on 21 April 1944 to join the vast armada of Operation Neptune that would transport and protect the soldiers and their mechanized equipment during Operation Overlord. Hobson spent a month on patrol off Northern Ireland, arriving at Plymouth on 21 May for final invasion preparations. Assigned to Rear Admiral Don P. Moon's Utah Beach Assault Group "U", flag on the USS<i>Bayfield(APA-33), Hobson and her three sister-ships of DesDiv 20 were elements of Bombardment Group 125.8 that comprised the battleship USS<i>Nevada(BB-36), the heavy cruisers Tuscaloosa, USS<i>Quincy(CA-71), British cruiser HMS<i>Black Prince(81), monitor HMS<i>Erebus(I02), ten American destroyers, four British destroyers and a Dutch gunboat.[14]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: Rear Admiral Carleton F. Bryant's smaller Battle Group 2 was assigned "Target 2", the Battery Hamburg, which was located near Fermanville, inland from Cape Levi, 6 miles (9.7km) east of Cherbourg. Nevada in Group 1 was to use its main battery to silence what was described as "the most powerful German strongpoint on the Cotentin Peninsula".[lower-alpha 1] Battle Group 2 would then complete the destruction, and pass westward to join Deyo's group. Bryant's Group 2 consisted of USS<i>Texas(BB-35), USS<i>Arkansas(BB-33), and five destroyers.[21] These were USS<i>Barton(DD-722) (flag), USS<i>O'Brien(DD-725), USS<i>Laffey(DD-724), Hobson (pennant), and USS<i>Plunkett(DD-431).[22] During the bombardment. Group 2 was in place by 0950 and Hobson and the other destroyers fired at the large batteries, screened the battleships Texas and Arkansas; and when the battleships were dangerously straddled, Hobson and Plunkett made covering smoke which allowed all to retire. At 1500, Deyo ordered cease fire and began withdrawing from the bombardment area. Group 2 headed back to Portsmouth, England at 1501.[23]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: During one such operation on the night of 26 April 1952 at 2220, Hobson was steaming in formation with the aircraft carrier USS<i>Wasp(CV-18) and destroyer USS<i>Rodman(DD-456) about 900 kilometres (490nmi) southeast of St. John's, Newfoundland at during night flight operations en route to Gibraltar.[31] Hobson was moving at 24 knots and following the carrier 3,000 yards off her starboard quarter with Rodman following Wasp off her port quarter. Hobson's commanding officer, Lt. Comdr. William J. Tierney, had been in command of the ship for 5 weeks.[32] He anticipated that Wasp, preparing to recover her aircraft at 2300, would change course to 250–260 degrees to bring the carrier into the wind, necessary for the aircraft landings. The destroyer's executive officer, Lt. William A. Hoefer, was on the bridge with the conn and control of the ship when Tierney outlined a course to maneuver Hobson ahead of Wasp and then come up on the massive carrier's port quarter as the destroyer's new station. Rodman would move to the starboard quarter as her new station. Hoefer, who had been on Hobson for 16 months, was immediately concerned when he saw Tierney's plan and turned the conn over to Lt. Donald Cummings, so that he could voice his opposition and belief that Tierney's maneuver would put the two ships on a collision course. Since Wasp had to turn to port to recover aircraft, the trailing destroyer had two options, slow down and let Wasp turn, the conventional method, or cross in front of the carrier. A heated argument ensued that Hoefer lost and he strode off the bridge to the outside wing to cool off.[33]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: As the Allied offensive in Europe gained momentum, Hobson steamed as a convoy escort between Algeria, Italy, and France protecting vital supplies and troops. In the early morning darkness of 2 October 1944, Hobson was standing out from Marseilles, France during a violent gale, when her spotters observed distress calls from well inside an unswept area of the German- mined harbor. It was soon established that a liberty ship, the S.S. Johns Hopkins, moving to an anchorage after returning from Oran, Algeria with 600 troops embarked, had struck a mine while navigating in the gale. Ordered to assist the stricken Hopkins, Hobson skillfully and carefully navigated through the perilous, mined area in gale-force wind and sea, and made repeated attempts to land alongside the liberty ship to offload her troops, although each time Hobson was forced to back off as the ships pounded heavily in the extreme weather. Through Lt. Cdr. Loveland's skillful ship-handling and that of his deck crew, the damage to Hobson was superficial. Hobson remained close aboard the stricken cargo ship until daylight when safe water was finally reached, the ships having crossed thirteen and one-half miles of unswept water. Hobson remained on scene over the next twenty-four hours, and until S.S. Johns Hopkins was successfully returned to port by a Navy fleet tugboat with no loss of life or injury to her personnel or troops.[27]

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: USS<i>Frank E. Evans, sunk in a collision with HMAS<i>Melbourne in 1969.

title: USS Hobson (DD-464)

text: Hobson's engagements were:


query: Are wolves good pets?

title: Wolves as pets and working animals

text: Wild wolves are sometimes kept as exotic pets, and in some rarer occasions, as working animals. Although closely related to domesticated dogs, wolves do not show the same tractability as dogs in living alongside humans, and generally, much more work is required in order to obtain the same amount of reliability. Wolves also need much more space than dogs, about 25 to 40 square kilometres (10 to 15 sq mi) so they can exercise.[1]

title: Wolves as pets and working animals

text: Some wildlife centers housing captive wolves prohibit handlers from entering wolf enclosures if they happen to have a cold or other vulnerability which the wolves can detect.[4] Captive wolves are generally shy and avoid eye contact with humans other than their owner, as well as not listening to any commands made by any other humans. They usually vacate rooms or hide when a new person enters the establishment.[5] Even seemingly friendly wolves need to be treated with caution, as captive wolves tend to view and treat people as other wolves, and will thus bite or dominate people in the same situation in which they would other wolves.[6] Ordinary pet food is inadequate, as an adult wolf needs 1–2.5kg (2–5lbs) of meat daily along with bones, skin and fur to meet its nutritional requirements. Wolves may defend their food against people, and react violently to people trying to remove it.[2] The exercise needs of a wolf exceed the average dog's demand. Because of this, captive wolves typically do not cope well in urban areas.[2] Due to their talent at observational learning, adult captive wolves can quickly work out how to escape confinement,[7] and require constant reinforcement by caretakers or owners, which makes raising wolves difficult for people who raise their pets in an even, rather than subordinate, environment.

title: Wolf

text: Wild wolves are sometimes kept as exotic pets and, in some rarer occasions, as working animals. Although closely related to domesticated dogs, wolves do not show the same tractability as dogs in living alongside humans, and generally, much more work is required in order to obtain the same amount of reliability. Wolves also need much more space than dogs, about , so they can exercise.

title: Wolves as pets and working animals

text: American biologist, Stanley P. Young, described tame wolves as thus:

title: Canid hybrid

text: People wanting to improve domestic dogs or create an exotic pet may breed domestic dogs to wolves. Gray wolves have been crossed with dogs that have a wolf-like appearance, such as Siberian huskies, and Alaskan malamutes. The breeding of wolf–dog crosses is controversial, with opponents purporting that it produces an animal unfit as a domestic pet. A number of wolfdog breeds are in development. The first generation crosses (one wolf parent, one dog parent) generally are backcrossed to domestic dogs to maintain a domestic temperament and consistent conformation.

title: My Brute

text: The player may customize his or her Brute by giving it a name and tweaking variables such as gender, clothing, hairstyle, accessories, and skin color. The Brute is then randomly assigned ability points (health, strength, agility, and speed), skills, weapons, and pets. There are 26 weapons in the game, 28 skills to learn, and 3 pets: dogs, wolves, and bears.

title: Wolves as pets and working animals

text: Generally speaking, on the basis of their experience, tame wolves are strictly "one-man dogs". They may be confiding and playful with the man who raised them, or even with his whole family, if fed and cared for by them, but they are suspicious and timid in the presence of strangers. They invariably retain certain reactions of wolf nature, as for instance, an incorrigible desire to kill chickens or other small livestock whenever opportunity arises.[14]

title: Pet Peeve (novel)

text: Goody Goblin, the only nice male goblin, goes to see the Good Magician Humphrey so he can get his question answered. As the Magician charges a year's service or the equivalent, Goody has to find a good home for a pet peeve. The pet peeve is a very annoying bird who can mimic the voice of the person carrying it.

title: Heavy Petting (TV series)

text: Heavy Petting is an Indian television show hosted by Paras Tomar on NDTV Good Times. It is India's only animal show. The anchor travels across the country meeting animal lovers and pet owners with a special focus on dogs. The show is sponsored by pedigree Petfoods and has been one of the longest running show on NDTV Good times. Heavy Petting- All stars, has featured actors including pet owners Zayed khan, Tusshar Kapoor, Divya Dutta and Shweta Salve.

title: The Sims 2: Pets

text:
Pets can be trained to do various tricks, and they can be scolded or praised. The tricks include sit, stay, shake, come here, guard, roll over, sing, and more. In the Nintendo Game Boy Advance version, they can be taught to stand up on two legs and juggle, or other unusual tricks. When the pet learns a new trick, it adds to the Sim and pet relationship. If the pet does something bad, it is able to be scolded. There are a few unpleasant acts: pets may relieve themselves where it is inappropriate, dig up the yard, chew up the newspaper or floor, scratch up furniture, or dig out the trash. It is helpful to praise a pet after it has done something favorable. It can also be given a treat after praising it to do the favorable action or completing a trick.
Werewolves are a type of supernatural creature which the Sim can interact with or even be transformed into. Sims exist as Werewolves only during night hours. During these hours, the werewolf's energy will go up, but their hunger will decrease more quickly as well. A Werewolf can teach a pet faster than humans and can fight against burglars. They might occasionally howl at the moon, howl at player's command, or howl to summon wolves.

title: Wolves as pets and working animals

text: Some pet wolves are euthanised or might be released into the wild where they are likely to starve or be killed by resident wolf packs in regions where they are still present. Abandoned or escaped captive wolves can be more destructive and pose a greater danger to humans and livestock than wild wolves, seeing as their habituation to humans causes them to lose their natural shyness.[8] The Wolf of Gysinge is thought to have been one such animal. Keeping these animals at home can be a bad idea, as they are very destructive.

title: Wolves as pets and working animals

text: Several hunters of the USFWS kept wolf pups as pets, with the best results occurring when they were caught just after their eyes began opening. In contrast, pups taken at 3–4 weeks of age proved unmanageable, with only one in 11 of such pups becoming tame, despite one month of eight hours per day of socialization with people.[14] However, John James Audubon recorded an instance of a wolf being trained to hunt deer in Kentucky,[15] and Henry Wharton Shoemaker published a similar account of settlers in western and central Pennsylvania using wolves as hunting dogs.[16] Buffon wrote in his Natural History of tamed wolves in Persia being trained to perform dances and tricks.[17]

title: Mission: Wolf

text: Weber's goal is that there will be no more captive wolves. This is unlikely to happen in the foreseeable future. In addition, Weber aims to educate the public in general about the behavior of wolves, and to clear their reputation as 'The Big Bad Wolf.' He also is active in trying to dissuade people from breeding wolf-dogs and owning either wolves or wolf-dogs as pets.

title: Tea pet

text: A tea pet, also known as a tea lover's pet, is a small clay figure which is kept by some tea drinkers for good luck. The history of tea pets can be traced back to the Yuan dynasty (1206–1368).They are usually made of "zisha" or Yixing clay, from the region near Yixing in Jiangsu province, China. Just like Yixing teapots made of the same clay, tea pets are unglazed, so that they are mostly monochromatic with a rough surface. Tea lovers in China raise a tea pet by placing it on the tea tray during tea time and pouring out the tea over it. The most popular figure of the tea pet is the "pee-pee boy", which is used to judge whether the water is hot enough to make tea. Tea pets are also molded into zodiac animals or Chinese mythical creatures such as dragons, Pixiu, Qilin, etc., to symbolize good luck, fortune and happiness, as well as historical or mythical characters such as Guanyin, Maitreya and Zhu Geliang.

title: Wolves (Rise Against album)

text: According to McIlrath, the title "Wolves" refers to "being wolves at the gate, being angry at authority, being angry at the direction of the country and the world, and fighting back. We are the wolves, and the wolves are the good guys in the narrative. We're taking back control." During the writing process, the album was to be titled "Mourning in America." However, after the 2016 United States presidential election, McIlrath changed his mind, proclaiming "Fuck that. Fuck grieving."

title: The Rabbits Who Caused All the Trouble

text: After a flood - ""it is well known that carrot-nibblers with long ears cause floods"" - the wolves decide to imprison the rabbits, ""for their own good"". Weeks later the other animals notice the absence of the rabbits and ask the wolves about them. The wolves answer that it is ""a purely internal matter"" (because they ate the rabbits). The wolves also claim the rabbits were trying to escape ""and, as you know, this is no world for escapists"".

title: Wolves as pets and working animals

text: Wolves are less suitable than dogs for working. Swedish wolf biologist Erik Zimen once tried to form a dog sled team composed entirely of wolves. The experiment failed as the wolves ignored most commands and were far more prone to fighting than sled dogs.[7] North American wolves and wolf hybrids were used as experimental attack dogs by the South African Defence Force in Apartheid South Africa in an attempt to breed animals capable of tracking guerrillas. Because the wolves would not follow even basic commands, the experiment was abandoned.[11][12] However, their sense of smell can rival that of established scent hounds. According to reports published in 2006, ongoing research at the Perm Institute of Internal Troops in Russia demonstrated that wolf/dog cross-breeds took 15–20 seconds to track down a target in training sessions, whereas ordinary police dogs took 3–4 minutes.[13] Their success has led to plans to use them as police dogs for the Russian police.[13]

title: SuperPoke!

text: In 2012, the SuperPoke! Pets user community sued Google/Slide for shutting down SuperPoke! Pets after its players had invested an estimated $650 million of money in virtual goods that, with the shutdown of the app, would now expire worthless. The plaintiff's legal team wrote that Google's offer of a limited, "SuperPoke! Pets Lite" that eliminated access to virtual goods and interaction with pets was inadequate because it “entirely stripped the value from customers' original purchases,” rendering their virtual items as “effectively valueless” as users could no longer interact with each other on the secondary market or play with their virtual pets. Characterizing the virtual items they had purchased as “property,” they claimed that as a result of Slide/Google's actions, individual players lost access to an inventory of goods that had cost “hundreds or even thousands of dollars.”

title: Pet adoption

text: According to the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) (2018), being responsible for a pet requires commitment and should be considered a privilege. Similar to having children, the pet depends on the owner for their needs such as food and shelter, exercise and mental stimulation and veterinary care. When choosing to adopt a pet, the lifestyle of the owner and the pet should be compatible. Once a pet is chosen, the owner should ensure the pet has been spayed or neutered and properly identified. The responsibility to the animal should be a commitment for the lifetime of the pet. If a situation arises that the owner can no longer provide a suitable household for the animal, it should be the owners first priority to re-home the pet. The AVMA presents guidelines for being a responsible pet owner. This guideline is a good resource of what should be considered before becoming a pet owner. Thoughtful consideration should be used to ensure the resources and commitment are present to make the animal - human relationship beneficial for both.

title: Wolves as pets and working animals

text: Though wolves are trainable, they lack the same degree of tractability seen in dogs. They are generally not as responsive as dogs to coercive techniques involving fear, aversion to stimuli, and force. Generally, far more work is required to obtain the same degree of reliability seen in most dogs. Even then, once a certain behavior has been repeated several times, wolves may get bored and ignore subsequent commands. Wolves are most responsive toward positive conditioning and rewards,[9] though simple praise is not sufficient as in most dogs.[10] Unlike dogs, wolves tend to respond more to hand signals than voice.[10] Although they are more difficult to control than dogs, they can be easier to teach if the motivation exists.[9]

title: L. David Mech

text: Mech said that his research on the wolves at Ellesmere Island was different because it is one of the few places where the wolves are not afraid of people, making that experience one of the best in his life. This project in 1986 when photographer Jim Brandenburg told him of white wolves he had seen on Ellesmere Island during an assignment for National Geographic. Mech recognized the rare opportunity to study wolves that had never been hunted and had little fear of humans. Also there were no trees or bushes to hide them from view in the tundra. In the summer Mech found the den near the military and weather base at Eureka. They witnessed the interactions within the pack and the wolves hunting musk oxen. This type of research had not been done before. In an interview Mech said "The kind of stuff I got here was not just the objective behavioral stuff, but the kind of thing you get from living with a pet of some sort. You get an insight into the thing. You get to know the animal." Mech and Brandenburg together produced several articles and a film for National Geographic.

title: Wolves as pets and working animals

text: Coydog Domestication of the dog Wolf-dog hybrid

title: Wolves in folklore, religion and mythology

text: Norse mythology prominently includes three malevolent wolves, in particular: the giant Fenrisulfr or Fenrir, eldest child of Loki and Angrboda who was feared and hated by the Æsir, and Fenrisulfr's children, Sköll and Hati. Fenrir is bound by the gods, but is ultimately destined to grow too large for his bonds and devour Odin during the course of Ragnarök. At that time, he will have grown so large that his upper jaw touches the sky while his lower touches the earth when he gapes. He will be slain by Odin's son, Viðarr, who will either stab him in the heart or rip his jaws asunder, according to different accounts. Fenrir's two offspring will, according to legend, devour the sun and moon at Ragnarök. On the other hand, however, the wolves Geri and Freki were the Norse god Odin's faithful pets who were reputed to be "of good omen."

title: Digital pet

text: Long-term interactivity includes action that affects the pet's growth, behavior or life span. For example, training a pet may have a good effect on the pet's behavior. Long-term interactivity is quite important for a sense of reality as the user would think that he has some lasting influence on the pet.

title: Mission: Wolf

text: Mission: Wolf (abbreviated M:W) is a remote wolf sanctuary near Westcliffe, Colorado. Housing up to 40 wolves and wolfdog crosses, Mission: Wolf works to promote a better understanding of wolves in order to further reintroduction efforts and discourage attempts to keep wolves as pets. People are welcome to visit and not only see the wolves up close, but have an opportunity to interact with them as well. There is a nearby meadow where visitors can camp overnight. The of dirt road that climbs to is driveable in the summer (if not wet) by normal 2WD vehicles.

title: Polyethylene terephthalate

text: PET in its natural state is a colorless, semi-crystalline resin. Based on how it is processed, PET can be semi-rigid to rigid, and it is very lightweight. It makes a good gas and fair moisture barrier, as well as a good barrier to alcohol (requires additional "barrier" treatment) and solvents. It is strong and impact-resistant. PET becomes white when exposed to chloroform and also certain other chemicals such as toluene.

title: When Good Pets Go Bad

text: The title, "When Good Pets Go Bad", is somewhat of a misnomer. While some of these are pets, others are livestock or wild animals. The series contains footage of many types of animals, including horses, dogs, house cats, big cats, moose, deer, cattle, primates and reptiles.

title: Megan Blake

text: Blake is a pet expert on, hosts, segment produces and writes for Animal Attractions Television, the #1 Pet Series on PBS and winner of two Tellys and an Honorable Mention at the Genesis Awards presented by the Humane Society of the United States. The show's mission is to help people have the best possible relationship with their pets; and here Blake's canine specialty is the training and integrating dogs into families, especially those with children where she teaches the kids to be pack leaders. In working with and rescuing wolves, Blake has learned pack structure and to "speak dog" directly from the pack source. Having traveled over 100,000 miles with her cat, she is also a trusted pet travel expert in the media.

title: Inequity aversion in animals

text: Orangutans, squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, tamarins, kea, and cleaner fish were not found to be sensitive to inequity in any study. Pet dogs behave differently from pack dogs and wolves. Pet dogs only object to the other receiving a reward while they themselves do not get anything, but when the difference is in quality, they do not seem to mind.

title: Wolves as pets and working animals

text: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)


query: When did Justin Morgan first appear as a character on Home and Away?

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: Justin Morgan is a fictional character from the Australian television soap opera Home and Away, played by James Stewart. The actor was contacted by his agent and the head of drama at Seven Network about the role. After hearing their pitch, Stewart auditioned and won the part. He began filming in December 2015, and made his first appearance during the episode broadcast on 7 June 2016. Justin was introduced to the show along with his three siblings; Tori Morgan (Penny McNamee), Brody Morgan (Jackson Heywood) and Mason Morgan (Orpheus Pledger). The family received immediate comparisons to the show's popular Braxton brothers.

title: List of Home and Away characters (2018)

text: Lance Salisbury, played by Angus McLaren, made his first appearance on 17 April 2018. McLaren's casting and character details were announced on 16 April 2018. Of joining the cast, McLaren commented, "It's very exciting. It hit home for me when I walked into the Diner and all the characters I've grown up watching were there." McLaren was reunited with his former "Packed to the Rafters" co-star James Stewart, who plays Justin Morgan. Lance is a federal agent and best friend of Robbo (Jake Ryan). Lance is involved with the circumstances surrounding Robbo's amnesia and he helps out as the "mystery slowly gets unpacked." Lance also wants his friend to get justice.

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: at the Official Home and Away website at TVNZ

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: Ahead of his screen debut, Stewart said his character's biggest strengths are "his love for his family and the lengths he'll go to, to protect them from their past."[4] He also described Justin as being "impulsive and aggressive", and having an "alpha mentality".[4] Justin is a mechanic and an "all-round typical Aussie bloke" who enjoys sports and "a good laugh."[5] Stewart insisted that Justin was not a "bad boy" character, as had been suggested by various articles about the Morgans.[6] He also joked that Justin likes to think he is good with women.[7]

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: Justin is portrayed as an impulsive, aggressive, "all-round typical Aussie bloke". He takes his role as head of the family seriously and is very protective of his siblings. The character's early storylines saw him clash with Martin Ashford (George Mason) and help save the life of Summer Bay stalwart Alf Stewart (Ray Meagher). The Morgans are soon revealed to be in witness protection, following the murders of their parents by a drugs syndicate, who start targeting the siblings. The storyline saw the family held hostage, threatened, and involved in a plane crash. Justin is later shot at and stabbed by corrupt police officer Ranae Turner (Sacha Horler).

title: Brody Morgan

text: Brody Morgan is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera "Home and Away", played by Jackson Heywood. The actor had previously appeared in the show as Lachie Cladwell in 2009. During the audition process, Heywood was paired up with several different actors until the producers found the right combination for the Morgan family. Heywood began filming his first scenes in December 2015. He made his first appearance as Brody during the episode broadcast on 7 June 2016.

title: Willow Harris

text: Willow Harris (also Ranger) is a fictional character from the Australian television soap opera "Home and Away", played by Sarah Roberts. The character made her first screen appearance on 14 November 2017. Roberts had auditioned for the roles of both Kat Chapman and Scarlett Snow prior to playing Willow. She auditioned successfully and attended screen testing with James Stewart who play's Willow's love interest Justin Morgan. Willow was originally going to be named Amber. She is characterised as a tough female who was raised in a broken home and has subsequently learned to look after herself. Roberts has said that she admires the character's strong personality. Willow is introduced into the show wearing leather, chains and riding a motorbike. This added to her image as a powerful female character.

title: List of Home and Away characters (2010)

text: "Home and Away" is an Australian television soap opera. It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 17 January 1988. The following is a list of characters that first appeared during 2010, by order of first appearance. They were all introduced by series producer Cameron Welsh. The 23rd season of "Home and Away" began airing from 25 January 2010. Two days later Mitzi Ruhlman made her debut as Rabbit. Mink Carpenter and Elijah Johnson arrived in February, while Justin Jefferies began appearing from March. Mink's mother, Jill, arrived in May. Christian Clark and Rhiannon Fish began portraying Penn Graham and April Scott from June. April's older sister, Bianca, made her debut in July, while Paolo Rosetta was introduced to the show in August. The following month Mitzy Fraser, Vittorio Seca, Daria Hennessy were introduced to the show.

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: When Justin survived being stabbed, Kilkelly commented that he proved "his resilience yet again".[61] A South Wales Echo reporter criticised Justin's actions before his collapse, stating "If you're on the mend and planning a romantic dinner, don't rush things or you could jeopardise your recuperation. That's a lesson Justin could do with learning as he romances Phoebe this week. The poor bloke's only gone and got a post-operative infection".[62] Claire Crick from Soaplife branded the character "the Morgan trouble magnet".[63] Crick later dubbed Justin "something of a knight in shining armour."[45]

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: The show's 2016 season finale concludes with Ranae stabbing Justin. Ranae manages to escape house arrest using her police contacts and plans to end the Morgans.[21] She has Tori kidnapped and brought to her location. Ranae then makes a "sinister" call to Justin and he rushes off to save Tori. Both siblings are scared as Ranae threatens to kill them both, before going after Brody and Mason.[21] McNamee stated, "This is high stakes for Tori and Justin – the syndicate murdered their parents, and they're prepared to kill again."[21] Justin and Tori manages to free themselves and escape, but just when they think they are in the clear, Ranae emerges and stabs Justin in the stomach. Justin slumps to the ground, as Tori attempts to save him.[21]

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: When Giovinazzo decided to leave Home and Away, producers devised a break up for Phoebe and Justin.[31] Phoebe's friend Donna Fields (Melissa Bonne) invites her to join a tour in the United States, and Justin plans to go with her. However, when he learns Brody is at the police station due to another incident involving his drug addiction, Justin realises he cannot leave the Bay. He and Phoebe say "a heartfelt goodbye" before she leaves.[32] On her return, Phoebe tells Justin that she has been asked to take part in a year-long tour and Justin is determined to go with her this time. Shortly after, he is reunited with his daughter Ava and he finds the thought of leaving her again hard to deal with.[33] Stewart told Sarah Ellis of Inside Soap that having Ava back in his life "means everything" to Justin, and when she calls him "dad" for the first time, it really affects him.[34] During a farewell party for the couple, Justin sings a ballad for Ava, which makes Phoebe realise that she cannot separate them.[34] Phoebe believes she and Justin can have a long-distance relationship, but Justin breaks up with her instead. Of the moment, Stewart commented "By the time Phoebe says she's going without him, Justin has come to terms with it in his heart. He doesn't want to anchor her – so he sets her free."[34]

title: Duncan Stewart (Home and Away)

text: The character returned on 19 July 2016 with New Zealand actor Benedict Wall cast in the role. Wall originally auditioned for the role of Justin Morgan, but the part went to James Stewart. Wall was in New Zealand when the role of Duncan became available. He sent an audition tape to the producers and they offered him the part. Of his casting, Wall said "It wasn't lost on me that I wasn't from the right part of the world when I got the job. But you know what's funny is when I'm with Ray, I'm always surprised at how much we do seem alike." Wall worked on his Australian accent, but as the character has been living in the United States, it did not need to be too thick.

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: The character was given an immediate love interest in the form of established regular Phoebe Nicholson. While Justin is out walking the family dog Buddy, he meets and "sweet-talks" Phoebe. They then have a one-night stand.[24] Stewart said that Justin falls for Phoebe, as she is "cool, fun and she's also super-attractive."[25] The pair's relationship is tested when Phoebe becomes involved in the Morgan's witness protection secret, and Justin's brother, Brody, becomes attracted to Phoebe.[25] But Justin is sure that Phoebe feels that same way about him as he does about her. Stewart commented, "Phoebe keeps doing things that make him know she digs him."[25] Phoebe and Justin continue to spend time together. When Phoebe is feeling down after being carjacked, Justin helps to cheer her up by singing to her at Salt. Phoebe then joins Justin on stage to continue the song together.[26] Of her character's attraction to Justin, Giovinazzo said, "Phoebe can't deny that she has strong and deep feelings for Justin. They're just drawn to each other."[26] The couple later share a kiss, and an Inside Soap columnist pointed out that they were "totally loved up."[26] However, as Justin and his family are being targeted by criminals, Giovinazzo said Phoebe had to be smart about the situation, which meant possibly putting their relationship on hold.[26]

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: Upon their introduction, an Inside Soap columnist stated that the Morgans appeared to live a normal life, but they had "a dangerous past" and no one was allowed to know who they really were.[8] The family initially keep to themselves, and Justin warns Tori against befriending local doctor Nate Cooper (Kyle Pryor). He is worried when she admits to telling Nate that their parents are dead, as he does not want Nate looking into it.[11] Stewart explained, "There are a set of rules the Morgans have to live by, which relate to their secret. If Justin has to live by them, then so does the rest of the house."[11] When Mason's former girlfriend Lara Adams (Elle Harris) visits him, Justin asks her to leave. But when she returns, Mason tells her that his family are in witness protection.[11] Brody later reveals that he is being followed, and when Mason says that he spoke to Lara, Justin feels that the family need to leave the Bay.[11]

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: On 5 December 2015, Jonathon Moran from The Daily Telegraph reported that James Stewart had joined the cast of Home and Away as Justin Morgan, alongside actors Jackson Heywood and Orpheus Pledger who play his brothers Brody and Mason Morgan respectively.[1] All three began filming their first scenes during the following week, ahead of their on-screen debut in 2016.[1] Stewart was contacted by his agent and Julie McGauran, the head of drama at Seven Network, about a role in the show. After hearing the pitch, Stewart accepted the audition.[2] Home and Away marks Stewart's second television appearance since he took time away from acting to be a stay-at-home dad.[2] He commented, "I got to the end of three years of raising my daughter and just thought, 'Oh, I need to work. I've got to get her through school.'"[2] New Zealand actor Benedict Wall also auditioned for the role of Justin, before he was later cast as Duncan Stewart.[3] Stewart made his first appearance as Justin on 7 June 2016, alongside Heywood and Pledger.[4]

title: Benedict Wall

text: In 2016, Wall took over the role of Duncan Stewart in "Home and Away". The character had not been part of the show for ten years. Wall had auditioned for "Home and Away" several times before he was cast as Duncan. He received a recall for the part of Martin Ashford, and he also auditioned for the role of Justin Morgan. In the same year, Wall appeared in the miniseries "Brock" as Tony Roberts.

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: During the witness protection storyline, Justin is reunited with his daughter Ava Gilbert (Grace Thomas), and he develops a relationship with Phoebe Nicholson (Isabella Giovinazzo), to whom he later becomes engaged. Following Giovinazzo's decision to leave the show, the couple break up when Phoebe leaves to pursue her music career in the United States. The character is then involved in an on/off relationship with Scarlett Snow (Tania Nolan). Later storylines have seen Justin begin a relationship with Willow Harris (Sarah Roberts), endure Ava's kidnapping, and targeted in a revenge campaign by Ebony Harding (Cariba Heine). For his portrayal of Justin, Stewart received a nomination for Best Daytime Star at the Inside Soap Awards. The character was branded "the Morgan trouble magnet" by a critic for Soaplife.

title: List of Home and Away characters (2017)

text: Riley Hawkins, played by Ryan O'Kane, made his first appearance on 31 January 2017. O'Kane's housemate Rob Mills also auditioned for the role. He was waiting for his agent to let him know the outcome when O'Kane revealed that he had won the part. Riley is introduced as Tori Morgan's (Penny McNamee) former boyfriend and a surgeon at the local hospital, who steps in to perform surgery on Justin Morgan (James Stewart). McNamee said the moment Tori is reunited with Riley is "shocking" for her because she has not seen him in seven years. While Riley is surprised to learn that Tori and her siblings have been in witness protection. Fellow doctor Nate Cooper (Kyle Pryor), who broke up with Tori, is jealous of her history with Riley.

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: Tori secures Justin a job as a deck hand with Alf. Justin is initially annoyed that his sister interfered in his life, but when he gets out on Alf's boat, The Blaxland, he eventually sees that the job is a good opportunity for him.[10] Stewart commented, "Justin is reluctant to go on the boat with Alf in the first place. But once he's there, he does start to enjoy it."[10] Justin bonds with Alf over their shared love of the water and the fact they each have "bossy" sisters.[10] While they are out on the water, the boat breaks down and Justin struggles to fix it. Alf then starts having chest pains and he collapses when he suffers a heart attack.[10] When he realises there is no phone signal, Justin jumps in the water and swims to the shore to fetch help. Stewart called his character "an accidental hero".[10]

title: List of Home and Away characters (2010)

text: Justin Jefferies played by Matthew Walker, made his first screen appearance on 19 March 2010. He was introduced as the brother of established character Aden Jefferies (Todd Lasance). The actor and Justin's first scenes were with the character Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons). Walker told a reporter from the official "Home and Away" website that it was his first day of "filming in the middle of the bush" at 5 am. Walker was pleased to work alongside Symons for his initial scenes because he saw her as a "legend".

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: In May 2017, producers introduced guest character Scarlett Snow (Tania Nolan) into Brody's drug addiction storyline. Scarlett also becomes a new love interest for Justin. After Scarlett is carjacked by Brody, she attempts to help him, along with the Morgans. When Scarlett becomes suspicious that Brody is still using, she searches his car and finds his stash of drugs. She and Justin confront Brody, who launches himself at Scarlett and Justin has to hold him back. Brody later steals money and jewellery from Scarlett.[36] Various obstacles stop Scarlett and Justin from dating. Her estranged husband Caleb Snow (Josh McConville) sends a private investigator to find her, prompting Justin to get her out of the Bay for a while.[37]

title: List of Home and Away characters (2017)

text: Willow Harris (also Ranger), played by Sarah Roberts, made her first appearance on 14 November 2017. Prior to securing the role of Willow, Roberts auditioned for both Kat Chapman and Scarlett Snow. She flew up from Melbourne to Sydney for the audition and had a chemistry reading with James Stewart, who plays Justin Morgan. Roberts did not think she had won the part, as it took a while for the producers to contact her. Roberts described Willow as a "strong, female character", who is also independent, loyal and fierce. The actress said Willow would bring "mischief and a bit of trouble" to Summer Bay. Roberts added that Willow was "definitely a bad girl. But for all the right reasons. She has taken wrong turns and made decisions that some people would consider 'bad', but only to help the people that she loves." She soon becomes a love interest for Justin Morgan.

title: Harry Reynolds (Home and Away)

text: Harry Reynolds (previously Keller) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera "Home and Away", played by Justin Melvey. He made his first on-screen appearance on 13 September 1999 and departed on 26 January 2001.

title: Roo Stewart

text: Ruth "Roo" Stewart (also Morgan) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera "Home and Away", played by Justine Clarke from 1988 to 1989. The character made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 20 January 1988. Clarke quit the role in 1989 and the character was written out. In August 2010, it was announced that Roo would return to "Home and Away" with Georgie Parker in the role. The character returned on 29 October 2010.

title: Brody Morgan

text: Heywood had previously appeared in "Home and Away" as recurring character Lachie Cladwell in 2009. He explained that his first appearance in the show was "overwhelming", as it was his first professional acting job, but rejoining the cast alongside three other actors, meant that there was less pressure on him the second time around. The family drew immediate comparisons to the show's Braxton brothers, who were introduced to the show in 2011, which Heywood expected. He stated, "I can definitely see that, but I think we have a very different dynamic. It will be exciting to tell the story and as it will be revealed, it will be a very different story." Brody made his first appearance on 7 June 2016, alongside Justin and Mason.

title: Justin Morgan (Home and Away)

text: Johnathon Hughes of the Radio Times thought "the chemistry is evident" between Justin and Scarlett, and added "surely it can't be long before they end up in bed for real?"[38] When the couple went on their first date, Inside Soap's Sarah Ellis said "it's about time! The pair have been dancing around their feelings for each other for weeks, leaving us shouting at our screens in frustration."[35] A writer for TVNZ listed seven reasons why the characters should be together, stating "They could be Home and Away's new golden couple, if they'd both just get over themselves and admit it."[65] The reasons included their attraction to one another, their shared interests, and their initial dislike of each other, which the writer said was a "classic giveaway".[65] They added that Justin and Scarlett would "make a beautiful couple."[65]

title: Justine Welles

text: Justine Welles is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera "Home and Away", played by Bree Desborough. She made her first on-screen appearance on 5 June 1997 and departed on 7 April 2000.

title: List of Home and Away characters (2017)

text: On his first day at Northern Districts Hospital, Riley is asked to operate on Justin Morgan, the brother of his former partner Tessa Lee, now known as Tori. Tori explains to Riley that she and her brothers had to go into witness protection after their parents were shot. Riley tells Nate Cooper that he and Tori used to be a couple, and that he wants her back. He also apologises to Tori for cheating on her. When Justin learns Riley is in town, he warns him to stay away from Tori. Riley later treats Justin when he is admitted with an infection. He also tells Tori that Nate tried to make a bet with him about her, but she soon realises that he lied. Riley performs a bronchoscopy on Billie Ashford (Tessa de Josselin) and finds a mass in her airway. Tori and Riley go on a lunch date, where he asks her for another chance, but she is cautious due to his history. Brody Morgan (Jackson Heywood) sees Riley flirting with Evelyn MacGuire (Philippa Northeast) at Billie's wake, and tells him not to mess Tori around again. Shortly after they get back together, Riley asks Tori to move to the city with him. She turns him down for the sake of her family. Riley then sees her and Nate talking and hugging. He amends Billie's notes and then makes a formal complaint in an attempt to get Nate fired for medical negligence. Tori proves the notes were doctored and when Riley admits that he did it, she breaks up with him. When he shows up at her house, Tori tells him to get out of her life. Justin overhears them arguing and fights with Riley, before Tori orders him to leave. Riley quits his job at the hospital and leaves town.

title: List of Home and Away characters (2016)

text: Justin Morgan, played by James Stewart, made his first screen appearance on 7 June 2016. The character and Stewart's casting was announced on 5 December 2015, alongside Jackson Heywood and Orpheus Pledger, who play Justin's brothers. The actors began filming their first scenes during the week commencing 7 December. Justin is Stewart's first on-going role since he took a year off to care for his young daughter. Like Heywood, Stewart expected Braxton brothers comparisons, but he told Jonathon Moran of The Daily Telegraph, "Creating this family is probably more our priority than taking over the Brax boys. How do you take on Steve Peacocke (Brax)? I hope Australia is ready for it, it is the way it is." In August 2017, Stewart was longlisted for Best Daytime Star at the Inside Soap Awards. The nomination did not progress to the viewer-voted shortlist.

title: List of Home and Away characters (2016)

text: "Home and Away" is an Australian television soap opera. It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 17 January 1988. The following is a list of characters that appeared in 2016, by order of first appearance. All characters are introduced by the soap's executive producer, Lucy Addario. The 29th season of "Home and Away" began airing on 1 February 2016. Dylan Carter was introduced during the same episode. Isla Schultz and Lindsay Ford arrived in March. May saw the arrivals of Mick Jennings and Tori Morgan. Her brothers – Brody, Justin and Mason Morgan – were introduced in June. The following month, Tabitha Ford arrived. Hope Morrison and Raffy Morrison made their debuts in September, while Jeannie Woods made her first appearance in November.