query: What does a high emotional IQ mean?

title: Emotional intelligence

text: Emotional intelligence (EI), Emotional leadership (EL), Emotional quotient (EQ) and Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EIQ),[1] is the capability of individuals to recognize their own emotions and those of others, discern between different feelings and label them appropriately, use emotional information to guide thinking and behavior, and manage and/or adjust emotions to adapt to environments or achieve one's goal(s).[2]

title: Heritability of IQ

text: If there is biological inheritance of IQ, then the relatives of a person with a high IQ should exhibit a comparably high IQ with a much higher probability than the general population. In 1982, Bouchard and McGue reviewed such correlations reported in 111 original studies in the United States. The mean correlation of IQ scores between monozygotic twins was 0.86, between siblings 0.47, between half-siblings 0.31, and between cousins 0.15.

title: Self-test of intelligence

text: The official website of Mensa International, which is the largest and oldest high IQ society in the world, does not offer an online IQ test. It does offer an online quiz for entertainment purposes which is called "Mensa Workout". Sites that claim to offer a Mensa IQ test online may not be related to this organization.

title: Fertility and intelligence

text: While it may seem obvious that such differences in fertility would result in a progressive change of IQ, Preston and Campbell (1993) argued that this is a mathematical fallacy that applies only when looking at closed subpopulations. In their mathematical model, with constant differences in fertility, since children's IQ can be more or less than that of their parents, a steady-state equilibrium is argued to be established between different subpopulations with different IQ. The mean IQ will not change in the absence of a change of the fertility differences. The steady-state IQ distribution will be lower for negative differential fertility than for positive, but these differences are small. For the extreme and unrealistic assumption of endogamous mating in IQ subgroups, a differential fertility change of 2.5/1.5 to 1.5/2.5 (high IQ/low IQ) causes a maximum shift of four IQ points. For random mating, the shift is less than one IQ point. James S. Coleman, however, argues that Preston and Campbell's model depends on assumptions which are unlikely to be true.

title: Ecological fallacy

text: For instance, if the average score of a group is larger than zero, it does not mean that a random individual of that group is more likely to have a positive score than a negative one (as long as there are more negative scores than positive scores an individual is more likely to have a negative score). Similarly, if a particular group of people is measured to have a lower average IQ than the general population, it is an error to conclude that a randomly-selected member of the group is more likely than not to have a lower IQ than the average IQ of the general population; it is also not necessarily the case that a randomly selected member of the group is more likely than not to have a lower IQ than a randomly-selected member of the general population. Mathematically, this comes from the fact that a distribution can have a positive mean but a negative median. This property is linked to the skewness of the distribution.

title: Oxford Capacity Analysis

text: If an IQ test is added to the regular OCA examination, Scientology is likewise promoted as being essential no matter what the results — for everything from raising a low IQ to managing a high IQ. Hubbard provides four levels of grading for this test, for each of which there is a scripted response:

title: Intelligence quotient

text: The American Psychological Association's report "Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns" states that wherever it has been studied, children with high scores on tests of intelligence tend to learn more of what is taught in school than their lower-scoring peers. The correlation between IQ scores and grades is about .50. This means that the explained variance is 25%. Achieving good grades depends on many factors other than IQ, such as "persistence, interest in school, and willingness to study" (p. 81).

title: IQ classification

text: The current scoring method for all IQ tests is the "deviation IQ". In this method, an IQ score of 100 means that the test-taker's performance on the test is at the median level of performance in the sample of test-takers of about the same age used to norm the test. An IQ score of 115 means performance one standard deviation above the median, a score of 85 performance, one standard deviation below the median, and so on. Lewis Terman and other early developers of IQ tests noticed that most child IQ scores come out to approximately the same number by either procedure. Deviation IQs are now used for standard scoring of all IQ tests in large part because they allow a consistent definition of IQ for both children and adults. By the current "deviation IQ" definition of IQ test standard scores, about two-thirds of all test-takers obtain scores from 85 to 115, and about 5 percent of the population scores above 125.

title: Milwaukee Project

text: According to Heber and colleagues, by age six all of the children from the experimental group had higher IQs than all of the children from the control group. Mean IQ was 120 in the experimental group and 87 in the control group. After the children left the program their IQs started declining. By the time both groups were ten years old the IQs of the children of the experimental group had decreased to 105. Mean IQ in the control group was 85.

title: Intelligence quotient

text: IQ scales are ordinally scaled. While one standard deviation is 15 points, and two SDs are 30 points, and so on, this does not imply that mental ability is linearly related to IQ, such that IQ 50 means half the cognitive ability of IQ 100. In particular, IQ points are not percentage points.

title: Marilyn vos Savant

text:
Alan S. Kaufman, a psychology professor and author of IQ tests, writes in "IQ Testing 101" that "Miss Savant was given an old version of the Stanford-Binet (Terman & Merrill 1937), which did, indeed, use the antiquated formula of MA/CA × 100. But in the test manual's norms, the Binet does not permit IQs to rise above 170 at any age, child or adult. And the authors of the old Binet stated: 'Beyond fifteen the mental ages are entirely artificial and are to be thought of as simply numerical scores.' (Terman & Merrill 1937). ...the psychologist who came up with an IQ of 228 committed an extrapolation of a misconception, thereby violating almost every rule imaginable concerning the meaning of IQs."
Savant has commented on reports mentioning varying IQ scores she was said to have obtained.

title: Emotional lateralization

text: Subject SB-2046 had part of his right, prefrontal lobe removed because of cancer. While his IQ and a majority of other normal functions were unharmed, he had severely impaired decision-making skills especially when he had to consider immediate vs. future reward and punishment. His decisions were almost always guided by immediate reward or punishment and disregarded any long-term consequences. Researchers were incapable of conditioning patient SB-2046 to nonverbal stimuli containing emotional meaning (reward or punishment), but were able to condition the patient to verbal stimuli containing emotional meaning.

title: The Mismeasure of Man

text: As an evolutionary biologist and historian of science, Gould accepted "biological variability" (the premise of the transmission of intelligence via genetic heredity), but opposed "biological determinism", which posits that genes determine a definitive, unalterable social destiny for each man and each woman in life and society. "The Mismeasure of Man" is an analysis of statistical correlation, the mathematics applied by psychologists to establish the validity of IQ tests, and the heritability of intelligence. For example, to establish the validity of the proposition that IQ is supported by a general intelligence factor ("g" factor), the answers to several tests of cognitive ability must positively correlate; thus, for the "g" factor to be a heritable trait, the IQ-test scores of close-relation respondents must correlate more than the IQ-test scores of distant-relation respondents. However, correlation does not imply causation; for example, Gould said that the measures of the changes, over time, in "my age, the population of México, the price of Swiss cheese, my pet turtle’s weight, and the average distance between galaxies" have a high, positive correlation—yet that correlation does not indicate that Gould’s age increased because the Mexican population increased. More specifically, a high, positive correlation between the intelligence quotients of a parent and a child can be presumed either as evidence that IQ is genetically inherited, or that IQ is inherited through social and environmental factors. Moreover, because the data from IQ tests can be applied to arguing the logical validity of either proposition—genetic inheritance and environmental inheritance—the psychometric data have no inherent value.

title: History of eugenics

text: The Beijing Genomics Institute does whole genome sequencing of very high IQ individuals around the world. Geoffrey Miller claims that the Chinese may use this genetic data to increase the IQ of each subsequent generation by five to fifteen IQ points through the use of preimplantation embryo selection.

title: Flynn effect

text: Some studies have found the gains of the Flynn effect to be particularly concentrated at the lower end of the distribution. Teasdale and Owen (1989), for example, found the effect primarily reduced the number of low-end scores, resulting in an increased number of moderately high scores, with no increase in very high scores. In another study, two large samples of Spanish children were assessed with a 30-year gap. Comparison of the IQ distributions indicated that the mean IQ scores on the test had increased by 9.7 points (the Flynn effect), the gains were concentrated in the lower half of the distribution and negligible in the top half, and the gains gradually decreased as the IQ of the individuals increased. Some studies have found a reverse Flynn effect with declining scores for those with high IQ.

title: The God Beneath the Sea

text: Keeping decided not to use Greek costume as he was concerned readers would react the same way he used to: "What does it mean? What does it do? Am I just delving into the past?" He also avoided modern dress as "this would be old fashioned within another fifteen years", deciding in the end to dispense with "any form of recognizable costume" while avoiding "anything that is appertaining to our particular moment in time." He used "a figurative art. There's nothing else in it... except people, their emotions and their reactions to emotions."

title: Carrier IQ

text:
On December 12, 2011, Carrier IQ released a document to explain their software and its uses. The document is titled "Understanding Carrier IQ Technology". There are credits given to Dan Rosenberg and Trevor Eckhart. The nineteen page document provides a technical breakdown of how the software on a mobile phone works with "profiles" provided by the carrier to give the carriers performance data of their networks and devices running on them. The document appears as if it will be updated on a regular basis as more questions are answered over time.
On December 1, 2011, Carrier IQ issued a "clarification" to its November 23 statements: "While a few individuals have identified that there is a great deal of information available to the Carrier IQ software inside the handset, our software does not record, store or transmit the contents of SMS messages, email, photographs, audio or video. For example, we understand whether an SMS was sent accurately, but do not record or transmit the content of the SMS. We know which applications are draining your battery, but do not capture the screen... As a condition of its contracts with operators, Carrier IQ operates exclusively within that framework and under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction. The data we gather is transmitted over an encrypted channel and secured within our customers’ networks or in our audited and customer-approved facilities... Carrier IQ acts as an agent for the operators. Each implementation is different and the diagnostic information actually gathered is determined by our customers – the mobile operators. Carrier IQ does not gather any other data from devices.
Carrier IQ is the consumer advocate to the mobile operator, explaining what works and what does not work. Three of the main complaints we hear from mobile device users are (1) dropped calls, (2) poor customer service, and (3) having to constantly recharge the device. Our software allows operators to figure out why problems are occurring, why calls are dropped, and how to extend the life of the battery. When a user calls to complain about a problem, our software helps operators’ customer service to more quickly identify the specific issue with the phone."

title: Special education

text: In the discrepancy model, a student receives special education services for a specific learning difficulty (SLD) if the student has at least normal intelligence and the student's academic achievement is below what is expected of a student with his or her IQ. Although the discrepancy model has dominated the school system for many years, there has been substantial criticism of this approach (e.g., Aaron, 1995, Flanagan and Mascolo, 2005) among researchers. One reason for criticism is that diagnosing SLDs on the basis of the discrepancy between achievement and IQ does not predict the effectiveness of treatment. Low academic achievers who also have low IQ appear to benefit from treatment just as much as low academic achievers who have normal or high intelligence.

title: Far Cry 3

text: The game's writer Jeffrey Yohalem claimed that the intention of the game's plot was to make a statement about "what shooting means and what it does to humanity". The game's protagonist Jason Brody is not a trained soldier, but rather an everyman who is forced to become a killer over the course of the game. Yohalem claims that as a result the game examines "what happens when that guy is put into a situation where he has to survive minute by minute and save his friends? Will he pick up a gun and how does that affect him? [...] This is a story about a normal guy who picks up a gun and that can't end well". Producer Dan Hay emphasized that the emotional "turns" in the characters were a major theme in the game, stating that "that was the emotional thing we wanted and when we first saw it, it was with Vaas." Hay further commented that the game merged the systemic feel and emotional feel from the previous two "Far Cry" games in order to take the game in a "very, very surprising direction."

title: Emotional Intelligence

text: Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ is a 1995 book by Daniel Goleman. In this book, Goleman posits that emotional intelligence is as important as IQ for success, including in academic, professional, social, and interpersonal aspects of one's life. Goleman says that emotional intelligence is a skill that can be taught and cultivated, and outlines methods for incorporating emotional skills training in school curricula.

title: The Bell Curve

text: According to Herrnstein and Murray, the high heritability of IQ within races does not necessarily mean that the cause of differences between races is genetic. On the other hand, they discuss lines of evidence that have been used to support the thesis that the black-white gap is at least partly genetic, such as Spearman's hypothesis. They also discuss possible environmental explanations of the gap, such as the observed generational increases in IQ, for which they coin the term Flynn effect. At the close of this discussion, they write:

title: Williams syndrome

text: Despite their physical and cognitive deficits, individuals with Williams syndrome exhibit impressive social and verbal abilities. Williams patients can be highly verbal relative to their IQ. When children with Williams syndrome are asked to name an array of animals, they may well list such a wild assortment of creatures as a koala, saber-toothed cat, vulture, unicorn, sea lion, yak, ibex and Brontosaurus, a far greater verbal array than would be expected of children with IQs in the 60s. Some other strengths that have been associated with Williams syndrome are auditory short-term memory and facial recognition skills. The language used by individuals with Williams syndrome differs notably from unaffected populations, including individuals matched for IQ. People with Williams syndrome tend to use speech that is rich in emotional descriptors, high in prosody (exaggerated rhythm and emotional intensity), and features unusual terms and strange idioms.

title: Geniocracy

text: The matter of confronting moral problems that may arise is not addressed in the book "Geniocracy"; many leaders may be deeply intelligent and charismatic (having both high emotional/social intelligence and IQ) according to current means of measuring such factors, but no current scientific tests are a reliable enough measure for one's ability to make humanitarian choices (although online tests such as those used by retail chains to select job applicants may be relevant).

title: IQ and Global Inequality

text: Lynn and Vanhanen base their analysis on selected IQ data from studies which covered 113 nations. For another 79 nations, they estimated the mean IQs on the basis of the arithmetic means of the measured IQs of neighboring countries. They justify this method of estimation by claiming that the correlation between the estimated national IQs they reported in "IQ and the Wealth of Nations" and the measured national IQs since obtained is very high (0.91).

title: Intelligence quotient

text: Psychologist Peter Schönemann persistently criticized IQ, calling it "the IQ myth". He argued that "g" is a flawed theory and that the high heritability estimates of IQ are based on false assumptions. Robert Sternberg, another significant critic of "g" as the main measure of human cognitive abilities, argued that reducing the concept of intelligence to the measure of "g" does not fully account for the different skills and knowledge types that produce success in human society.

title: David Marks (psychologist)

text: Kaufman described how Marks tested these predictions by looking at samples representative of whole populations (rather than individuals), and used ecological methods to compute statistical associations between IQ and literacy rates across different countries. Kaufman's (2010) review suggested that Marks' findings were completely consistent with the predictions: (i) The higher the literacy rate of a population, the higher that population's mean IQ, and the higher that population's mean IQ, the higher the literacy rate of that population. (ii) When literacy rates declined, mean IQ also declined, a reversed Flynn Effect. (iii) Unequal improvements occurred across the entire IQ spectrum with the greatest increases in the lower half of the IQ distribution. Kaufman pointed out that the evidence suggested that both the Flynn Effect and racial/national IQ differences showed the largest effects of literacy on verbal tests of intelligence, with the perceptual tests of intelligence showing no consistent pattern.

title: Gifted education

text: Educational authorities differ on the definition of giftedness: even when using the same IQ test to define giftedness, they may disagree on what gifted means - one may take up the top 2 percent of the population, another might take up the top 5 percent of a population, which may be within a state, district, or school. Within a single school district, there can be substantial differences in the distribution of measured IQ. (The IQ for the top percentile at a high-performing school may be quite different from that at a lower performing school.)

title: Raven's Progressive Matrices

text: The Triple Nine Society, a high IQ society, used to accept the Advanced Progressive Matrices as one of their admission tests. They required a score of at least 35 out of 36 on or before June 2017 on the RAPM. The International Society for Philosophical Enquiry (ISPE) accepts the RAPM as a qualification for admission, and so does the International High IQ Society.

title: Heritability of IQ

text: Another summary:Although IQ differences between individuals are shown to have a large hereditary component, it does not follow that mean group-level disparities (between-group differences) in IQ necessarily have a genetic basis. The Flynn effect is one example where there is a large difference between groups (past and present) with little or no genetic difference. An analogy, attributed to Richard Lewontin, illustrates this point:

title: Emotional intelligence

text: In an academic exchange, Antonakis and Ashkanasy/Dasborough mostly agreed that researchers testing whether EI matters for leadership have not done so using robust research designs; therefore, currently there is no strong evidence showing that EI predicts leadership outcomes when accounting for personality and IQ.[73] Antonakis argued that EI might not be needed for leadership effectiveness (he referred to this as the "curse of emotion" phenomenon, because leaders who are too sensitive to their and others' emotional states might have difficulty making decisions that would result in emotional labor for the leader or followers). A recently published meta-analysis seems to support the Antonakis position: In fact, Harms and Credé found that overall (and using data free from problems of common source and common methods), EI measures correlated only ρ = 0.11 with measures of transformational leadership.[74] Ability-measures of EI fared worst (i.e., ρ = 0.04); the WLEIS (Wong-Law measure) did a bit better (ρ = 0.08), and the Bar-On[75] measure better still (ρ = 0.18). However, the validity of these estimates does not include the effects of IQ or the big five personality, which correlate both with EI measures and leadership.[76] In a subsequent paper analyzing the impact of EI on both job performance and leadership, Harms and Credé[77] found that the meta-analytic validity estimates for EI dropped to zero when Big Five traits and IQ were controlled for. Joseph and Newman[78] meta-analytically showed the same result for Ability EI.

title: Racial hierarchy

text: Books like "The Bell Curve" analyze highly predictive cognitive characteristics like IQ, and one of the book's most discussed sections is its analysis of mean IQ scores across different races. They measure that the mean IQ of African Americans is less than the mean IQ of white Americans, and both of the mean IQs of white Americans and African Americans are less than the mean IQ of Asian Americans. When discussing IQ, other researchers establish that IQ is largely genetically determined and supplementary education would not noticeably change an individual's IQ scores. Others hypothesize that as the U.S. becomes more cognitively stratified, a large part of African Americans will remain in lower socioeconomic strata, insofar as life outcomes correlate with IQ. Others suspect that it could be wasteful to expend additional educational resources to increase IQ because IQ appears not to appreciably increase when changing these environmental factors.


query: When did Madrid become capital of Spain?

title: History of Madrid

text: The documented history of Madrid dates to the 9th century, even though the area has been inhabited since the Stone Age. The development of Madrid as a city began when Philip II moved his court there from Toledo in the 1560s. Madrid has been the country's capital continuously since 1606.

title: Economy of Madrid

text: Unlike many of the other cities in Spain and elsewhere in Europe, Madrid did not become a leading center of industry during the nineteenth century. Construction remained one of the principal forms of economic activity: when the first rail link was built, to Aranjuez, it was mainly used for bringing in timber for construction, as there was little industrial plant needing a supply of other materials. One indicator of Madrid’s industrial weakness was how little the workers’ movement developed there, its center of gravity remaining in Barcelona. The founding of the PSOE socialist party and the UGT trade union in Madrid were led by Pablo Iglesias, a printing worker: publishing was another of the long-standing forms of enterprise in the capital.

title: RCD Carabanchel

text: Real Club Deportivo Carabanchel is a Spanish football club from the Carabanchel district in the city of Madrid, Spain. It is the third oldest team in the capital, after Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid, and the thirteenth oldest in Spain.

title: Capital city

text: In unitary states which consist of multiple constituent nations, such as the United Kingdom or the Kingdom of Denmark, each will usually have its own capital city. Unlike in federations, there is usually not a separate national capital, but rather the capital city of one constituent nation will also be the capital of the state overall, such as London, which is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. Similarly, each of the autonomous communities of Spain and regions of Italy has a capital city, such as Seville or Naples, while Madrid is the capital of the Community of Madrid and the Kingdom of Spain as a whole and Rome is the capital of Italy and the region of Lazio.

title: Community of Madrid

text:
Cercanías Madrid is the commuter rail service that serves Madrid, the capital of Spain, and its metropolitan area. It is operated by Cercanías Renfe, the commuter rail division of RENFE, the former monopoly of rail services in Spain. The system is infamous for being the target of 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings. The attacks triggered a small reduction in the ridership of the system, but it is still the most used and most profitable (by 2004) of the commuter rail services in Spain. The total length spans 339.1 km.
Spain's railway system, the "Red Nacional de Ferrocarriles Españoles" (Renfe), operates the vast majority of Spain's railways. In Madrid, the main rail terminals are Atocha in the south and Chamartín in the north.
The crown jewel of Spain's next decade of infrastructure construction is the Spanish high-speed rail network, Alta Velocidad Española AVE. Currently, an ambitious plan includes the construction of a network, centered on Madrid. The overall goal is to have all important provincial cities be no more than four hours away from Madrid and no more than six hours away from Barcelona. As of 2008, AVE high-speed trains link Atocha station to Seville, Málaga, and Toledo in the south and to Zaragoza, Tarragona, and Barcelona in the east. AVE trains also arrive to Segovia and Valladolid.

title: History of Mobile, Alabama

text: Mobile was founded as the capital of colonial French Louisiana in 1702 and remained a part of New France for over 60 years. During 1720, when France warred with Spain, Mobile was on the battlefront, so the capital moved west to Biloxi. In 1763, Britain took control of the colony following their victory in the Seven Years War. Following the American Revolutionary War, Mobile did not become a part of the United States, as it was part of territory captured by Spain from Great Britain in 1780.

title: Andalusia

text: For over a century, the conventional rail network has been centralized on the regional capital, Seville, and the national capital, Madrid; in general, there are no direct connections between provincial capitals. High-speed AVE trains run from Madrid via Córdoba to Seville and Málaga. Further AVE routes are under construction. The Madrid-Córdoba-Seville route was the first high-velocity route in Spain (operating since 1992). Other principal routes are the one from Algeciras to Seville and from Almería via Granada to Madrid.

title: Toledo, Spain

text: Charles I of Spain's court was set in Toledo, serving as the imperial capital. In 1560, Toledo reached a population of 60,000, being the 3rd city of the Crown of Castile. However, in 1561, in the first years of his son Philip II of Spain's reign, the Spanish court was moved to Madrid, thus letting the city's importance dwindle until the late 20th century, when it became the capital of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha. Nevertheless, the economic decline of the city helped to preserve its cultural and architectural heritage. Today, because of this rich heritage, Toledo is one of Spain's foremost cities, receiving thousands of visitors yearly.

title: Cercanías Madrid

text: Cercanías Madrid is the commuter rail service that serves Madrid, the capital of Spain, and its metropolitan area. It is operated by Cercanías Renfe, the commuter rail division of RENFE, the former monopoly of rail services in Spain. The system is known for being the target of the 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings. The total length spans 370 km.

title: Diana López

text: In 2005, Diana and her brothers made history by becoming the first three siblings, in any sport, to win World titles at the same event, when they did so at the 2005 World Taekwondo Championships in Madrid, Spain and in 2008, Diana and her brothers made history again by becoming only the second set of three or more siblings to all qualify for the Olympics.

title: List of Ambassadors of New Zealand

text: When the Soviet Union collapsed, at the end of 1991, the diplomatic mission and staff to the Soviet Union transformed into one to the Russian Federation.The embassy is located in Madrid, Spain's capital city. New Zealand has maintained a resident ambassador in Spain since 1992. The Ambassador to Spain is concurrently accredited to Morocco.

title: Madrid Derby

text: The rivalry between the two clubs started at the very beginning of the twentieth century. The then known as Madrid Foot-Ball Club (founded 1902), the most powerful club in the Spanish capital, kept on making mergers and acquisitions of the best clubs of Madrid, which subsequently disappeared. At the same time, Madrid Foot-Ball Club also signed the best players from the clubs it did not acquired, which also made those clubs disappear, unable to compete against the white club. The then known as Athletic Club Madrid (founded 1903) was able to keep most of their best players thanks to the financial aid of their "parent" Athletic Club Bilbao and so became the last stand against the Madrid Foot-Ball Club supremacy in the capital. Many supporters of the clubs that had vanished due to the Real (since 1920, a recognition given by the King of Spain to his favorite clubs) Madrid strategies became therefore red-striped supporters, harboring bias towards the "meringue" club and triggering the rivalry. However, regarding competitive honours won, Real Madrid was way above Athletic until the start of the Spanish Civil War.

title: Atlético Madrid

text: Certainly, the dictatorial state sought to make political capital out of Real Madrid's European Cup trophies at a time when Spain was internationally isolated; "Real Madrid are the best embassy we ever had", said Franco's foreign minister Fernando Maria de Castiella. Such perceptions have had an important impact on the city's footballing identities, tapping into the collective consciousness. In this vein, Atlético fans were probably the originators, and are the most frequent singers, of the song, sung to the tune of the Real Madrid anthem, ""Hala Madrid, hala Madrid, el equipo del gobierno, la vergüenza del país"", "Go Madrid, go Madrid, the government's team, the country's shame."

title: Madrid, Nebraska

text: Madrid was platted in 1887 when the railroad was extended to that point. It was named after Madrid, the capital of Spain.

title: Madrid, Surigao del Sur

text: Madrid was named after the capital city of Spain, Madrid. It has 14 barangays and two comprising the Poblacion: Linibunan and Quirino.

title: Ateneo de Madrid

text: The Ateneo de Madrid ("Athenæum of Madrid") is a private cultural institution located in the capital of Spain that was founded in 1835. Its full name is "Ateneo Científico, Literario y Artístico de Madrid" ("Scientific, Literary and Artistic Athenæum of Madrid").

title: Torre de Madrid

text: The Tower of Madrid is found in the Plaza de España, at the end of the street of Gran Via, in the heart of the Spanish capital. Along with the 117-metre-tall Edificio de España, situated in the same plaza, they form an interesting architectural assembly. Both enjoy protection on the part of the City Hall of the capital. It was the tallest building in Spain until 1982, when it was surpassed by the Torrespaña telecommunications tower.

title: Di Di Hollywood

text: Diana Diaz (Pataky) is a bar worker that leaves Madrid for Miami. When she reaches Miami, she meets Robert (Hacha) and with him heads for Hollywood, willing to do anything to become famous. When she meets agent Michael McLean (Coyote), he changes her name to Di Di and gives her false hopes of becoming famous. But she discovers that he really just wants to use her in a cover-up relationship with secretly gay actor Steve Richards (Sculfor).Filming took place in Madrid, Spain; Valencia, Spain; Elche, Spain; Ciudad de la Luz; and the hospital scene was shot in Benidorm, Spain. Filming was shot from October - November 2009.Variety reviewed is as "the script proves unable to make Di Di’s journey interesting or credible, while the uncharismatic Pataky is unconvincing as star material."

title: Madrid

text: A large industrial sector did not develop until the 20th century, but thereafter industry greatly expanded and diversified, making Madrid the second industrial city in Spain. However, the economy of the city is now becoming more and more dominated by the service sector.

title: Museo de Historia de Madrid

text: The museum's permanent collection demonstrates the history of Madrid from 1561 when Madrid became the capital of Spain to the beginning of the twentieth century.

title: Economy of Madrid

title: Tetuán (Madrid)

text: When Leopoldo O'Donnell returned with his forces to Spain after the Battle of Tétouan (1861), he camped at a spot north of Madrid while a triumphal entry into the capital was being arranged. The camp, which acquired permanent structures as well as shops over time, became the Madrid neighborhood known as "Tetuán de las Victorias" (Tetuan of the Victories). When an administrative reorganisation took place in the 60s, some of the villages close to Madrid which had been reached by Madrid's enormous growing due to francoist politics were joined to Madrid, and so Tetuán de las Victorias became a district in the bigger city of Madrid.

title: Community of Madrid

text: The Community of Madrid (; ) is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain. It is located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, and of the Castilian Central Plateau ("Meseta Central"). Its capital is the city of Madrid, which is also the capital of the country. The Community of Madrid is bounded to the south and east by Castilla–La Mancha and to the north and west by Castile and León. It was formally created in 1983, based on the limits of the province of Madrid, which was until then conventionally included in the historical region of New Castile.

title: Economy of Madrid

text: During the transition to capitalism, Madrid, unlike other cities such as London and Paris, did not become a great centre of trade. It was not a suitable location for trade at that time, due to its geographical position, far from the sea or navigable rivers. Thus Madrid remained largely a political and social centre, and served as a market for luxury goods and the agricultural produce of Castile – mainly grain.

title: Trams in Madrid

text:
The Madrid tramway network is a network of tramways forming part of the public transport system in Madrid, the capital of Spain.
Parts of the network include(d):

title: Te Dejo Madrid

text: "Te Dejo Madrid" (English: "I Leave You Madrid") is a song recorded by Colombian singer Shakira for her fifth studio album, "Laundry Service" (2001). It was written by the singer about the city of Madrid, the capital of Spain. The music video for it featured the singer as a bullfighter. Although it was released as the fifth single from the album in several European countries in 2002, it was not released in the United States. "Te Dejo Madrid" was very successful in Italy and Spain, but the song did not repeat its success in Latin America, as it reached a peak position of forty-five in "Billboard"'s Hot Latin Tracks.

title: Madrid

text:
Madrid was one of the most heavily affected cities of Spain in the Civil War (1936–1939). The city was a stronghold of the Republicans from July 1936. Its western suburbs were the scene of an all-out battle in November 1936 and during the Civil War the city was also bombed by aeroplanes. (See Siege of Madrid (1936–39)).
During the economic boom in Spain from 1959 to 1973, the city experienced unprecedented, extraordinary development in terms of population and wealth, becoming the largest GDP city in Spain, and ranking third in Western Europe. The municipality was extended, annexing neighbouring council districts, to achieve the present extension of . The south of Madrid became very industrialised, and there were massive migrations from rural areas of Spain into the city. Madrid's newly built north-western districts became the home of the new thriving middle class that appeared as result of the 1960s Spanish economic boom, while the south-eastern periphery became an extensive working-class settlement, which was the base for an active cultural and political reform.
After the death of Franco and the start of the democratic regime, the 1978 constitution confirmed Madrid as the capital of Spain. In 1979, the first municipal elections brought Madrid's first democratically elected mayor since the Second Republic. Madrid was the scene of some of the most important events of the time, such as the mass demonstrations of support for democracy after the failed coup, 23-F, on 23 February 1981. The first democratic mayors belonged to the leftist PSOE (Enrique Tierno Galván, Juan Barranco Gallardo), turning the city after more conservative positions (Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún, José María Álvarez del Manzano, Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón and Ana Botella). Benefiting from increasing prosperity in the 1980s and 1990s, the capital city of Spain has consolidated its position as an important economic, cultural, industrial, educational, and technological centre on the European continent.

title: Almudena Cathedral

text: When the capital of Spain was transferred from Toledo to Madrid in 1561, the seat of the Church in Spain remained in Toledo and the new capital had no cathedral. Plans to build a cathedral in Madrid dedicated to the Virgin of Almudena were discussed as early as the 16th century but even though Spain built more than 40 cities in the new world during that century and plenty of cathedrals, the cost of expanding and keeping the Empire came first and the construction of Madrid's cathedral was postponed. Making the cathedral the largest that the world had ever seen was then a priority, all other main Spanish cities had centuries old cathedrals, Madrid also has old churches but the construction of Almudena only began in 1879.

title: Madrid

text:
Madrid is the capital of the Kingdom of Spain. The King of Spain, whose functions are mainly ceremonial, has their official residence in the Zarzuela Palace. As the seat of the Government of Spain, Madrid also houses the official residence of the President of the Government (Prime Minister) and regular meeting place of the Council of Ministers, the Moncloa Palace, as well as the headquarters of the ministerial departments. Both the residences of the Head of State and Government are located at the northwest of the city. Additionally, the seats of the Lower and Upper Chambers of the Spanish Parliament, the Cortes Generales (respectively, the Palacio de las Cortes and the Palacio del Senado), also lie on Madrid.
The Madrid metropolitan area comprises the city of Madrid and forty surrounding municipalities. It has a population of slightly more than 6.271 million people and covers an area of . It is the largest metropolitan area in Spain and the third largest in the European Union.

title: Madrid Accords

text: On 14 November 1975, a Declaration of Principles on Western Sahara was concluded in Madrid between Spain, Morocco and Mauritania ("the Madrid Agreement"), whereby the powers and responsibilities of Spain, as the administering Power of the Territory, were transferred to a temporary tripartite administration. The Madrid Agreement did not transfer sovereignty over the Territory, nor did it confer upon any of the signatories the status of an administering Power, a status which Spain alone could not have unilaterally transferred. The transfer of administrative authority over the Territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975 did not affect the international status of Western Sahara as a Non-Self-Governing Territory"

title: Madrid (disambiguation)

text: Madrid is the capital of Spain.


query: How many miles of forest does India have?

title: Forestry in India

text: As of 2010, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates India's forest cover to be about 68 million hectares, or 22% of the country's area[4][5] and by 2015 FAO Global assessment observers the forest cover increasing to 70.68 million hectares occupying 23.8% of the total land area of the country.[6] The 2013 Forest Survey of India states its forest cover increased to 69.8 million hectares by 2012, per satellite measurements; this represents an increase of 5,871 square kilometers of forest cover in 2 years.[7] However, the gains were primarily in northern, central and southern Indian states, while northeastern states witnessed a net loss in forest cover over 2010 to 2012.

title: Samudragupta

text:
Unlike the southern kings, the inscription does not mention the territories ruled by these kings, which suggests that their kingdoms were annexed to the Gupta empire. The inscription also mentions that Samudragupta defeated some other kings, but does not mention their names, presumably because the poet saw them as unimportant.
According to the Allahabad Pillar inscription, Samudragupta reduced all the kings of the forest region ("atavika") to subservience. This forest region may have been located in central India: the inscriptions of the Parivrajaka dynasty, which ruled in this area, state that their ancestral kingdom was located within the 18 forest kingdoms.

title: Chisholm Trail (video game)

text:
Players take the role of a cattle driver on the Chisholm Trail, bringing their cattle to set destinations while defending them against cattle rustlers and wranglers. The game has nine levels. You can choose any of the levels from the start menu and the level selected determines how long you have been on the trail, how many steers you have, how many shots you have, and how many wranglers and rustlers must be eliminated.
Wranglers are in the form of brands and will try to brand the steers for themselves. Mileage counts as the score and Rustlers are worth 250 miles and Wranglers are 150 miles. Every time 10,000 miles is reached another steer is added to the group.

title: Immune repertoire

text: There is an interesting mathematical problem—if a set of objects consists of a large number of sub types—how does one count how many sub types there are? For instance, if you have a bag of balls, and they come in a range of colours—how can you work out, how many different colours there are in the bag?

title: Lyndhurst, Hampshire

text: Although Lyndhurst itself does not have a railway station, it has for many years been served by the former Lyndhurst Road station, three miles () away, which has been renamed Ashurst New Forest. It is also only four miles () from Brockenhurst and under 4 miles from Beaulieu Road station – all these stations are on the South Western Main Line to London and Weymouth, serving Bournemouth and Southampton. Bus services operated by Bluestar run frequently to Southampton and Lymington. There are also two daily National Express coach departures to London Victoria. The New Forest Tour, an open-top bus tour run in the summer, starts and finishes in Lyndhurst.

title: Khulna

text: Many of Bangladeshi cricketers are from Khulna regionSundarbans : In the south-western part of Bangladesh, in the district of greater Khulna, lies the Sundarbans (world's largest mangrove forest), the home of royal Bengal tiger. It is a virgin forest which until recently owed nothing to human endeavour and yet nature has laid it out with as much care as a planned pleasure ground. For miles and miles, the lofty treetops form an unbroken canopy, while nearer the ground, works of high and ebb-tide marked on the soil and tree trunks and the many varieties of the natural mangrove forest have much to offer to an inquisitive visitor. The Sundarbans is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

title: Sports in Punjab, India

text: The two groups will count how many of their lines have been struck through and how many have been left unmarked. The winning team will be the one with the larger number of unmarked lines.

title: Biogeographic classification of India

text: Away from the nearest point on the main land mass and extend about 590 km. With a maximum width of 58 km the island forests of Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea have some of the best-preserved evergreen forests of India. Some of the islands are fringed with coral reefs. Many of them are covered with thick forests and some are highly dissected.

title: Blawith and Subberthwaite

text: Blawith is a quiet area, however it does have holiday parks and cottages e.g. Crake Valley Holiday Park for people who are visiting the area. It is also in a location that is central to many attractions, being within five miles of Coniston Water, Grizedale Forest Park, the Aquarium of the Lakes at Lakeside, and Ulverston with its Laurel and Hardy Museum. Also, "Go Ape being four miles away is a day trip for tourists visiting Blawith and Subberthwaite and Bigland Hall Equestrian located five miles away." There are local pubs in the vicinity including The Red Lion, suitable for families.

title: Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation

text: The UNFCCC does not define what constitutes a forest; it only requires that Parties communicate to the UNFCCC on how they define a forest. The UNFCCC does suggest using a definition in terms of minimal area, minimal crown coverage and minimal height at maturity of perennial vegetation.

title: Kelp forest

text: Kelp forests have been important to human existence for thousands of years. Indeed, many now theorise that the first colonisation of the Americas was due to fishing communities following the Pacific kelp forests during the last ice age. One theory contends that the kelp forests that would have stretched from northeast Asia to the American Pacific coast would have provided many benefits to ancient boaters. The kelp forests would have provided many sustenance opportunities, as well as acting as a type of buffer from rough water. Besides these benefits, researchers believe that the kelp forests might have helped early boaters navigate, acting as a type of "kelp highway". Theorists also suggest that the kelp forests would have helped these ancient colonists by providing a stable way of life and preventing them from having to adapt to new ecosystems and develop new survival methods even as they traveled thousands of miles. Modern economies are based on fisheries of kelp-associated species such as lobster and rockfish. Humans can also harvest kelp directly to feed aquaculture species such as abalone and to extract the compound alginic acid, which is used in products like toothpaste and antacids. Kelp forests are valued for recreational activities such as SCUBA diving and kayaking; the industries that support these sports represent one benefit related to the ecosystem and the enjoyment derived from these activities represents another. All of these are examples of ecosystem services provided specifically by kelp forests.

title: POSCO India

text: The August 2008 ruling by Supreme Court of India also instructed the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) of India to examine, and then if appropriate, grant approval under the law. The Ministry of Environment and Forests of India accepted the ruling and examined the facts and reviewed the facts under Indian laws, including the Forests Rights Act. The review process included a committee that visited Odisha many times, including the Posco-India's planned site, the villages, the Forests covering the proposed plant site and iron ore mining area, environmentalists, ecologists, social activists, farmers, and families that may be affected by the proposed Posco-India initiative. The review process by Ministry of Environment and Forests of India took over 2.5 years.

title: 2008 Imphal bombing

text: India claims that as many as 3,000 rebels, use the jungles of the Kabaw Valley in Sagaing Division, for training camps and staging areas for incurrsions into India. Although India has signed a pact with Myanmar to share intelligence, it has proven insufficient to tackle the insurgency that is said to be caused by New Delhi's plundering of the region's mineral and forest resources with little investment returning. In retaliation the rebels want to throw non-Meiteis out of the province, while seeking statehood, a demand India does not acquiesce to.

title: Subhash Palekar

text: While at college, he studied tribal peoples' lifestyles and social structure, and forest ecosystems. He realized the forest does not require human assistance for its existence and growth. The forests have fruit-bearing trees such as Mango, Ber, Tamarind, Jamulum and Custard Apple which feed the forest inhabitants. Therefore, he embarked on a research on the natural growth of trees. For twenty years studied forest vegetation, and applying forest principles on his farm from 1989 to 1995 in 154 research projects. These provided the basis for Zero Budget Natural Farming, his unique approach to chemical free farming involving manures and agroecology. Study materials have been offered to farmers throughout India by means of continuous workshops, seminars, and books in Marathi, Hindi, English, Kannada, Telugu, and Tamil. Thousands of models farms exist throughout India.

title: How Many Miles to Babylon?

text:
A longer Scottish version has the lyrics:
King and Queen of Cantelon,
How many miles to Babylon?
Eight and eight, and other eight.
Will I get there by candle-light?
If your horse be good and your spurs be bright.
How mony men have ye?
Mae nor ye daur come and see.

title: Coppicing

text: However, most British coppices have not been managed in this way for many decades. The coppice stems have grown tall (the coppice is said to be "overstood"), forming a heavily shaded woodland of many closely spaced stems with little ground vegetation. The open-woodland animals survive in small numbers along woodland rides or not at all, and many of these once-common species have become rare. Overstood coppice is a habitat of relatively low biodiversity—it does not support the open-woodland species, but neither does it support many of the characteristic species of high forest, because it lacks many high-forest features such as substantial dead-wood, clearings and stems of varied ages. Suitable conservation management of these abandoned coppices may be to restart coppice management, or in some cases it may be more appropriate to use singling and selective clearance to establish a high-forest structure.

title: Lady of the Rock

text: The site is 120 miles from Los Angeles and 230 miles from Las Vegas. Many tourists have trouble finding it as the route does not have many signs, landmarks or obvious signs of activities aside from the presence of campers.

title: Croatan National Forest

text: Many hiking trails can be found throughout the Croatan Forest such as the Neusiok Trail which offers of trail through swamps and pine forests. Other trails include the Cedar Point Tideland Trail which traverses through a salt marsh and along the White Oak River, the Island Creek Forest Walk featuring a forest of hardwoods, and the Black Swamp OHV Trail which offers eight miles (13 km) for off-road vehicles and bikes. The 13 mile long Catfish Lake Rd. provides many roads and trails for you to explore. In addition there is also a 14.1 mile trail, called the Weetock trail starting at the entrance to Long point landing road along NC Hwy 58 and continuing through the woods towards the Whiteoak river and turning around to end back on Hwy 58 roughly a quarter mile from the start point.

title: How Many Miles to Babylon?

text:
How many miles to Babylon?
Three score miles and ten.
Can I get there by candle-light?
Yes, and back again..
If your heels are nimble and your toes are light,
You may get there by candle-light.

title: Communal forests of India

text: Many village communities in India have traditionally used forests on a sustainable basis. However, the British Rule in India introduced several legislations in the 19th century curtailing the rights of local people from using forest resources. These included the Forest Act, 1865 and Forest Policy, 1894. While some of the legislation was enacted in a bid to enact restrictions on forest usage for the purpose of sustenance, it was also motivated partly because such legislation provided a legal basis for the British Raj to acquire valuable forest resources like timber for crucial initiatives like the Indian Railways.The British completely changed the way Indian forests were before.

title: The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006

text:
India's forests are home to hundreds of millions of people, including many Scheduled Tribes, who live in or near the forest areas of the country.
Nearly 250 million people live in and around forests in India, of which the estimated indigenous "Adivasi" or tribal population stands at about 100 million. To put these numbers in perspective, if considered a nation by themselves, they would form the 13th largest country in the world, even though they cannot be depicted as representing any singular, monolithic culture.
Forests provide sustenance in the form of minor forest produce, water, grazing grounds and habitat for shifting cultivation. Moreover, vast areas of land that may or may not be forests are classified as "forest" under India's forest laws, and those cultivating these lands are technically cultivating "forest land". Forest Rights Act is also known as Community Forest Management (CFM) in Telangana.
Since time immemorial, the tribal communities of India have had an integral and close knit relationship with the forests and have been dependent on the forests for livelihoods and existence. The relationship was mutually beneficial and not one sided. However, rights were rarely recognized by the authorities and in the absence of real ownership of the land, the already marginalized local dwellers suffered.

title: The Faraway Lurs

text: Wolf Stone goes to his father chief Great Elk and tells him of his love for Heather. He declares that he does not want the ship or to fight the Forest People or burn down their forest. Great Elk is receptive to his son's wishes, and says that he does not believe in the curse that he will die if Troll Tamer does. He decides to have Troll Tamer killed. Wolf Stone and several other sons of Great Elk begin planning how to do this, but know that Troll Tamer is powerful and has many spies among the slaves, and may already know of their plans.

title: Coal India

text:
Operating 239 mines without environment clearance: In September 2011, CAG criticised CIL for operating 239 mines in seven coal producing subsidiaries, which existed prior to 1994, without environmental clearance. These mines included 48 open-cast, 170 underground and 21 combined mines. In its report, the CAG also pointed out that of the 18 sample open-cast and eight underground mines, ten mines had undertaken capacity expansion without environmental clearances. The company, in its reply, said that applications for clearances to the projects have already been submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
Coal mines near Tiger Preserves: In India, some coal mines are located near/below the tiger preserves. Mining or construction of administrative offices in/near these preserves disturbs the wildlife. Hence environmental organisations like Greenpeace have been opposing mining in these areas. Around 50% of the energy requirements of India are met by coal. Hence the protection of wildlife is sometimes overlooked due to this fact. In its argument the CIL said that in many cases it only does underground mining which does not hurts the forests above.
Accidents during mining: The company is its Annual Report for FY 2012-13 reported lowest ever figures of average 66 deaths and 251 serious accidents per year for the period 2010-2012 indicating that safety at workplace is improving over the years. Critics claim that the safety practices in most mines are inadequate, which is causing so many casualties. It is also claimed that many accidents and deaths are not recorded and hence are not part of 'official figures'.

title: Wildlife of India

text: The exploitation of land and forest resources by humans along with capturing and trapping for food and sport has led to the extinction of many species in India in recent times. These species include mammals such as the Asiatic cheetah, wild zebu, Indian Javan rhinoceros, and Northern Sumatran rhinoceros. While some of these large mammal species are confirmed extinct, there have been many smaller animal and plant species whose status is harder to determine. Many species have not been seen since their description. Gir forest in India has the only surviving population of Asiatic lions in the world.

title: Marsha P. Johnson

text: In the 1980s Johnson continued her street activism as a respected organizer and marshal with ACT UP. In 1992, when George Segal's Stonewall memorial was moved to Christopher Street from Ohio to recognize the gay liberation movement, Johnson commented, "How many people have died for these two little statues to be put in the park to recognize gay people? How many years does it take for people to see that we're all brothers and sisters and human beings in the human race? I mean how many years does it take for people to see that we're all in this rat race together."

title: Environmental issues in Wyoming

text:
This combination of mismanaged forests and deadfall caused by pine beetle adds up to an inevitable conclusion that fires will destroy these forests. These fire risks and falling trees caused by the beetle infestation have the ability to affect over 3,700 miles of roads, 1,300 miles of trails, and 69 miles of transmission and distribution power lines. Consequently, it is important that the forest service manages these falling trees by cutting certain sections of forest down to aid in the safety of these areas.
This catastrophe will severely impact the wildlife of the region. Many animal species rely on these forests for both predation and climate protection. American Elk populations will likely decrease due to the loss of protection as will American Marten populations due to the Marten’s reliance on thick, heavily forested areas to hunt. Pine squirrel populations will likely experience the most dramatic decrease because the squirrels rely on pine seeds to survive the harsh winters. Other animal populations that will be effected include the Northern goshawk and the snowshoe hare as their habitats are destroyed and their nutrition resources disappear.

title: Sustainable management

text:
Figure 2 Mckenzie is an example of what a person might try to change in their life to make it more sustainable. Walking instead of taking the taxi helps the environment, but it also loses time spent with family. The bus is in the middle of walking and taking a taxi, but another option that is not on the list is riding a bike. Good sustainable management would include all the options that are possible, and new options that were not available before. These figures are tools that can be used in helping people manage their lives sustainably, but there are other ways to think about their lives to become more sustainable.
There are very practical needs for sustainable management of forest. Since forests provide many resources to the people, and to the world, management of the forests are critical to keep those resources available. To be able to manage a forest, knowledge of how the natural systems work is needed. If a manager knows how the natural system works, then when manager of the forest makes plans how the resources are to remove from the forest, the manager will know how the resources can be removed without damaging the forest. Since many forests are under management of the government that is in the region, the forest are not truly functioning how the ecosystem was naturally developed, and how it is meant to be. An example is the pine flatwoods in Florida. To be able to maintain that ecosystem frequent burnings of the forest needs to happen. Fires are a natural part of the ecosystem, but since wild fires can spread to communities near the forest, control of the wild fires is requested from the communities. To maintain flatwoods forest control burning or prescribe burning is part of the management to sustain the forest.

title: Forestry in India

text: Chipko movement in India started in the 1970s around a dispute on how and who should have a right to harvest forest resources. Although the Chipko movement is now practically non-existent in Uttarakhand, the Indian state of its origin, it remains one of the most frequently deployed examples of an environmental and a people's movement in developing countries such as India. What caused Chipko is now a subject of debate; some neopopulists theorise Chipko as an environmental movement and an attempt to save forests, while others suggest that Chipko movement had nothing to do with eco-conservation, but was driven primarily to demand equal rights to harvest forests by local communities.

title: Integer points in convex polyhedra

text: The study of integer points in convex polyhedra is motivated by questions such as "how many nonnegative integer-valued solutions does a system of linear equations with nonnegative coefficients have" or "how many solutions does an integer linear program have". Counting integer points in polyhedra or other questions about them arise in representation theory, commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, statistics, and computer science.

title: MK Ranjitsinh Jhala

text: His most noted works are drafting of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 of India and demarcating many forest as wildlife sanctuaries. Further, reintroduction of the cheetah in India as a policy was implemented upon advisory papers submitted by MK Ranjitsinh Jhala and Divyabhanusinh Chavda. They presented their papers after through research on how to go about bringing cheetahs back to India.

title: Burmese community in India

text: Burmese refugees in India live primarily in two places: the Northeast states of Mizoram and, to a lesser extent, Manipur, and the capital city of New Delhi. Since India does not officially recognize Burmese as refugees, it is difficult to get a firm grasp on how many Burmese live in the country.


query: Did DJ Hero have any DLC?

title: List of songs in DJ Hero

text: New mixes were added regularly to DJ Hero through downloadable content that could be purchased on the console's respective online stores;[2] content was made available on the day of the game's release.[8] Unlike Guitar Hero games' downloadable content, which costs approximately US$2 per track, each mix costs approximately $3 to download because of the additional effort needed to create the mixes.[2] Furthermore, mixes are provided only as bundles for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 users; the Wii's storefront prevents the selling of bundled packages; instead, each track is offered individually.[2][9] Critics viewed the lack of individual song selection on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms as a way of limiting consumers' choice, as previous downloadable songs for games such as Guitar Hero allow players on these systems to select individual tracks to purchase from a bundle.[9][10] The long time between the second downloadable pack (in November 2009) and the third pack (in March 2010) was also believed to be the result of a last-ditch effort by Activision to support the game, and that the few packs released did not meet expectations for the game.[11] All of the DJ Hero DLC packs (along with the DLC of Guitar Hero, Band Hero) were taken offline on March 31, 2014, and are no longer available for download. However, they can be reinstalled if the player has downloaded any DLC pack before the removal.

title: Alienation (video game)

text: Since "Alienation" release, Housemarque has updated and added downloadable content (DLC) to the game. Ranked leagues and a local co-op mode were introduced in early July 2016. Other customization options, including bullet colors, were added. Two new difficulty levels (master and expert) and new "hero levels" were also added. On July 5, a season pass and the first DLC (the Survivor’s Pack) were introduced, along with a mention of upcoming DLC titled the Conqueror's Pack. On August 23, Housemarque introduced three new DLC: the Weapons Pack, the Armor Paint Pack and the Veteran Heroes pack, all of which (with the Survivor's Pack and the Conqueror’s Pack) were included in the season pass. Weekly missions were introduced to give players an additional challenge, with another difficulty level also added.

title: DJ Hero

text:
At Nintendo's E3 press conference on June 15, 2010, the Nintendo 3DS handheld console was revealed. At the conference Nintendo listed a number of publishers and franchises coming to the 3DS, one of whom was Activision with "DJ Hero 3D", a new installment in the "DJ Hero" series and the first handheld "DJ Hero" title. The gameplay is similar in nature to "DJ Hero", where the stylus and touchscreen are used to mimic scratching and crossfading between songs. It is unknown if the game is still in development after Activision stopped production of the "Guitar Hero" and "DJ Hero" franchises.
On April 15, 2009, the publishers of "", Genius Products and Numark, sued against "Scratch"'s developer, 7 Studios and Activision. The lawsuit contends that Activision purchased 7 Studios to both gain access to proprietary technology and to delay publication of the game so "DJ Hero" could come out first. The Los Angeles Superior Court in which the suit was filed did not grant the requested restraining order against Activision on "DJ Hero". Activision states that "Scratch" was already delayed by as early as October 2008, before they made contact with 7 Studios, and their acquisition of the developers did not impede them from completing "Scratch". However, on April 20, the court reversed its decision, awarding Genius and Numark a temporary restraining order, and ordered the "immediate return" of all of the material from 7 Studios from Activision, including all source code related to "Scratch". 7 Studios subsequently filed a counter-suit against Genius Products, claiming that they engaged in "unlawful and unsavoury business practices" that limited 7 Studios from completing the game as planned.

title: DJ Hero

text: Activision had initially applied for a trademark on the name "DJ Hero" in early 2008, leading to speculation that Activision was making plans to compete against Konami's "Beatmania" series of music video games with their own DJ game as a possible spinoff of their popular "Guitar Hero" series. FreeStyleGames, a small developer of music games, was employed to help produce localized downloadable content for "Guitar Hero" games and develop another yet-to-be announced music game. This game was later revealed to be "DJ Hero". Activision CEO Robert Kotick confirmed the existence of "DJ Hero" in an interview with CNBC on January 20, 2009, revealing a release "later this year". Activision CFO Thomas Tippl stated that "DJ Hero" would be aimed at a broader audience than the "Guitar Hero" games primarily through the use of more contemporary music in its soundtrack. Producer Will Townsend stated they opted for a wide variety of music to "make sure that everybody has something in there that they want." "DJ Hero" was designed as a party game and to make the player "the life of the party", giving ways for them to be "in control of the music", according to Townsend.

title: DJ Hero 2

text: The primary focus of "DJ Hero 2" has been the social aspects, according to FreeStyleGames' creative director Jamie Jackson; as such, many of the games' new modes feature multiplayer considerations. The game supports the "Party Play" mode introduced in "Guitar Hero 5", allowing players to jump into a song, alter the difficulty during gameplay, change between turntable and vocals, and leave at any time, while the game continues to run in a jukebox mode. Several new competitive modes engage two DJ players against each other; some modes have both DJs performing alongside each other but with competitive edges such as a "Checkpoint" race where each DJ attempts to earn the best score within a section of a song. DJ Battles see two DJ's performing call-and-response style along with open freestyle sections. The online mode includes a simple role-playing video game mechanic whereby participating and winning battles with other players earns the player DJ Points that lead to level increases and additional perks.

title: Ubisoft Leamington

text: The first game the company developed under Activision's ownership was "DJ Hero" (2009), a spin-off of the "Guitar Hero" series, in which players used a turntable-based controller to mimic the actions of a disc jockey across numerous songs. The title was considered successful, and they completed "DJ Hero 2" the following year, though around that time, the rhythm game genre was suffering from a glut of releases and was in decline, and Activision had decided to end further production of any "Guitar Hero" title. The company had to lay off some employees during this time, but still were financially viable with success of "Sing Party" (2012). As "Sing Party"s development was wrapping up, Activision approached FreeStyleGames to have them consider how to reboot the "Guitar Hero" franchise. FreeStyleGames developed a new guitar controller atypical of ones that has been created to that point, and crafted a different approach towards presenting the game to players through a first-person perspective full-motion video. This work culminated in "Guitar Hero Live" (2015), the first new "Guitar Hero" title for the eighth generation of video game consoles.

title: DJ Hero

text: "Time" named "DJ Hero" one of the ten best video games of 2009, considering it "the new contender for best party game". "USA Today" considered "DJ Hero" the best music game of the year. "DJ Hero" also won Best Soundtrack at the Spike Video Game Awards 2009. "DJ Hero" has been nominated for the "Outstanding Achievement in Soundtrack" Interactive Achievement Award from the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences.

title: DJ Hero 2

text: The NPD Group's North American sales estimates for "DJ Hero 2" during its launch month were 59,000 units. Combined sales in North America of "DJ Hero 2" and "" were below one million in 2010, 63% below the total sales of "Guitar Hero 5", "DJ Hero", and "Band Hero" from 2009. As a result of faltering sales for its "Guitar Hero" series, Activision shuttered its "Guitar Hero" division, cancelling at least one planned game for 2011. The closure also affects the "DJ Hero" series, as Activision has stated that they do not expect to publish a music game during 2011.

title: DJ Hero 2

text: DJ Hero 2 is a rhythm video game and a sequel to "DJ Hero", a spinoff of the "Guitar Hero" series. "DJ Hero 2" uses a special turntable-controller, the same as introduced in "DJ Hero", to simulate turntablism, the act of creating a new musical work from one or more previously recorded songs using record players and sound effect generators. The game is developed by FreeStyleGames and is published by Activision, and was released worldwide in October 2010.

title: Lumines Live!

text: A total of six downloadable content packages and two individual skins were released for "Lumines Live!". The first three DLC packages were released on January 24, 2007. The first DLC package titled, "Puzzle/Mission Pack" contains 90 additional puzzles and 40 additional missions. The second DLC package titled, "Advance Challenge Pack" contains 20 additional skins. The third DLC package titled, "VS CPU Pack" contains 9 additional opponents with their own skin and avatar. If players defeat all 9 opponents, an additional skin is unlocked. The fourth and fifth DLC packages were released on June 27, 2007. the fourth DLC package titled "Tokyo Club Mix Package" contained skins in collaboration with DJ Sugiurumn, Techriders, DJ Malo, and Genki Rockets. The fifth DLC package titled "Booster Pack" contains 20 skins with one skin based Takagi Masakatsu's "Bloomy Girl" song. The sixth DLC package titled, "Rockin' Holiday Pack" was released on September 24, 2007 and contains 20 additional skins based on "Rez", "Every Extend Extra Extreme", and previous "Lumines" titles. Two individual skins were released on October 17, 2007 as DLC. The first is the Heavenly Star skin previously in "Lumines II" and the second is the Breeze skin. Both skins are named and based on songs from Tetsuya Mizuguchi's band, Genki Rockets

title: DJ Hero

text: "DJ Hero" was generally well received by game journalists, praising the departure from the "Guitar Hero" series–style of gameplay, they use of the turntable controller to simulate the motions of a DJ and how the game's difficulty curve helps the player to become skilled on it, and the game's soundtrack; several smaller issues were identified as potential improvements for a possible sequel. However, the game did not perform as strongly as expected by industry analysts, believed to be due to the waning interest in music games during 2009; regardless, "DJ Hero" is stated by NPD Group to be the highest-grossing new intellectual property of 2009 in North America.

title: Guitar Hero 5

text: In addition to on-disc songs, "Guitar Hero 5" is the first game in the series to reuse content from previous games. All but 6 (the Jimi Hendrix songs) of the 158 "World Tour" downloadable content songs can be imported into "Guitar Hero 5" at no cost. Additionally, 35 songs from "World Tour", 21 songs from "Guitar Hero Smash Hits", and 61 songs from "Band Hero" can be imported into the game after paying a small transferring fee; more songs from these games may be made available to "Guitar Hero 5" at a later date (including "World Tour" tracks.) The importing process for "World Tour" and "Smash Hits" content requires downloading of the content, as these tracks have been recreated with support for "Guitar Hero 5"'s new gameplay features such as Band Moments. All such imported songs are also playable in "Band Hero". Sixty-nine of the "Guitar Hero 5" tracks can be imported into "Band Hero". In addition, 39 of the tracks from "" are importable into "Guitar Hero 5" and "Band Hero". Since the September 2010 release of the sequel "", no additional songs have been made available for DLC and it is unlikely any additional songs will ever be offered for "Guitar Hero 5".

title: Democratic Leadership Council

text: Although progressive critics argue the DLC's centrism has led the Democratic party to multiple electoral defeats, DLC candidates, office holders, and their moderate policies have been generally favored by the American electorate. When the Democratic party won majority status in the Senate in 1986, it was done with centrist and DLC affiliated candidates Barbara Mikulski (a participant in the DLC's National Service Tour), Harry Reid (who recently said Democrats have to "swallow their pride" and move toward the middle), Conservative Democrat Richard Shelby, DLCer Bob Graham, DLCer Kent Conrad, and DLCer Tom Daschle. When Bill Clinton, former Chairman of the DLC, made up his mind to run for the presidency in 1992, the DLC spotted the right candidate to promote its mission. Bill Clinton ran his 1992 and 1996 campaigns as a New Democrat and (prior to Obama's 2012 presidential re-election) became the only twice elected Democratic president since President Franklin D. Roosevelt. New Democrats made significant gains in both the 2006 midterms and the 2008 elections. While explicitly denying any direct connection to the DLC in 2003, in May 2009 President Obama reportedly declared to the House New Democrat Coalition, "I am a New Democrat."

title: Guitar Hero

text: No further downloadable content for either "Guitar Hero" or "DJ Hero" was made after February 2011, though Activision committed to releasing content that was already in development by that time due to fan response; later, in a move described by "Game Informer" as "the final nail in [the series'] coffins", Activision announced it would discontinue all DLC sales for the series without revoking access to tracks already bought as of March 31, 2014. Though Activision had moved away from the "Guitar Hero" series, the lessons learned helped them and developer Toys for Bob to handle the manufacturing and outsourcing issues that came with the highly successful "Skylanders" toy and video game franchise.

title: Band Hero

text: While "Band Hero" does not have its own separate library of downloadable content, it supports downloadable content from the Guitar Hero 5 DLC library. In addition, 152 of the 158 available downloadable songs for "Guitar Hero World Tour" are forward-compatible with "Guitar Hero 5" and "Band Hero"; the existing content is automatically upgraded to include all features new to these games and was immediately available to players upon release of "Band Hero". Downloaded songs can be used in all game modes, provided all participating players have the song, including in the game's Career mode when players are given the option to select any song to play. The entire Band Hero DLC library is also available in Guitar Hero 5, and vice versa, so both games embrace the same DLC library. Some DLC songs have specific focus on Band Hero, like the "Celebrity New Years Track Pack" which includes Taylor Swift, Maroon 5 and No Doubt songs, and the "Band Hero Track Pack" with Miley Cyrus, Demi Lovato, and Selena Gomez & the Scene songs.

title: Dead by Daylight

text: 5 out of the 12 currently released DLC's have featured licensed Killers and Survivors from both popular horror franchises and other video games. The DLCs can be acquired in two ways; by either purchasing them normally through Steam, or non-licensed characters can be purchased through a shop within the game using an in-game currency called Iridescent Shards. This alternative way of obtaining the DLCs was introduced in the 2.0 update (Curtain Call DLC). Each DLC has its own trailer and a so-called "spotlight" that exhibits the Killer and Survivor as well as a new in-game map. The relevant DLC does not need to be purchased in order for any map to be played on.

title: Dixon (DJ)

text: In 2018, Dixon was added into "Grand Theft Auto Online" as a nightclub DJ as part of the "After Hours" DLC.

title: DJ Hero

text: A single player career mode is available, as well both competitive and cooperative multiplayer modes ("DJ vs DJ"), playable locally or remotely. Ten songs have been specially mixed to also support gameplay with "Guitar Hero" and other compatible guitar controllers in a "DJ vs Guitar" mode. Players can also use a microphone for a non-scoring addition to the mix. A Party Play mode allows the game to automatically play the songs with the ability for a player to jump in and play at any time.

title: Heroes of Might and Magic

text: New World Computing closed after the production of "Heroes of Might and Magic IV", and since then the rights to the franchise have been owned by Ubisoft. Nival Interactive developed the first game in the series since the changeover, "Heroes of Might and Magic V". Black Hole Entertainment developed its sequel "Might & Magic Heroes VI", but Limbic Entertainment developed later patches and the DLC, as well as "Might & Magic Heroes VII". Virtuos developed the "Shades of Darkness" standalone expansion for "Heroes VI".

title: List of songs in DJ Hero 2

text: "DJ Hero 2" on-disc setlist includes 83 mixes from over 100 different songs spanning 85 artists. Several mixes have been composed by professional DJs, including David Guetta, Deadmau5, DJ Qbert, Tiësto and RZA, who also appear as in-game avatars. The success of the first game eased the acquisition of music licenses for the sequel, and allowed the inclusion of more popular music. However, licensing for such music remained a difficult barrier. Reviews found the setlist to provide better variety from the first game's heavier hip-hop influences. The game also supports downloadable content, both existing downloadable mixes from "DJ Hero" and new mixes since the sequel's release.

title: Hustler (song)

text:
"Hustler" is a single from Simian Mobile Disco's debut album "Attack Decay Sustain Release". It features Char Johnson on lead vocals.
It was featured in DJ Hero 2 as part of the "Electro Hits" DLC pack, mixed with "Pump Up The Jam" by Technotronic.
The video for "Hustler” depicts numerous girls sitting in a circle playing chinese whispers before devolving into kissing each other in succession.

title: Nasty (Janet Jackson song)

text: Britney Spears covered "Nasty", along with "Black Cat", during her ...Baby One More Time Tour, and has paid homage to the song and video multiple times. The song appears in video games "DJ Hero 2", "Dance Central 2" (as DLC), and Lips (as DLC).

title: List of songs in Guitar Hero 5

text: "Guitar Hero 5" supports downloadable content; the first songs were made available shortly after the game's release. In addition, 152 of the 158 available downloadable songs for "Guitar Hero World Tour" are forward-compatible with "Guitar Hero 5" and "Band Hero"; the existing content is automatically upgraded to include all features new to these games and was immediately available to players upon release of "Guitar Hero 5". Downloaded songs can be used in all game modes, provided all players have the song, including in the game's Career mode when players are given the option to select any song to play. The entire Guitar Hero 5 DLC library is also available in Band Hero, and vice versa, so both games embrace the same DLC library.

title: WWF WrestleFest

text: On July 5, DLC Pack 6 was released which included Batista, Dusty Rhodes, Dolph Ziggler, Kofi Kingston, Kevin Nash and the Classic SummerSlam Arena. DLC Pack 6 was also the first DLC pack since the remake was released that did not include any superstars from the original game.

title: DJ Hero 2

text: Similar to "DJ Hero", players in "DJ Hero 2" follow specific actions on the turntable controller in time to marked scrolling indicators on the game's screen, earning points for correctly performing actions in time. The game includes a new freestyle mode, giving the player the chance to freely crossfade between tracks, scratch a section of a mix, or add sample effects during marked sections. The game features 83 mixes on disc comprising over 100 different songs, with further mixes available as downloadable content. Most mixes have been assembled by FreeStyleGames, but other professional DJs, including David Guetta, deadmau5, DJ Qbert, Tiësto and RZA, have provided both their mixing skills and character avatar for the game. Players can challenge these mixes at any time in a Quickplay mode, progress through them in the single-player Empire mode, or play cooperatively or competitively with a second user in offline and online game modes. A third player can also participate through singing the mix' vocals.

title: DJ Hero

text:
The team worked alongside artists and DJ's for incorporation of songs into the game. Neil stated they brought to artists and DJ's working prototypes of the game and hardware to show them what the sampled music and final mixes sounded like, garnering interest from these groups. This led to securing of rights from several groups for their songs, though this did occur late in the development process. Mixing with celebrity DJ's was performed either though electronic communications, or at FreeStyleGames' studios or the homes or studios of the DJ's themselves; the team outlined the goals of the game and requested mixes that emphasized the gameplay featured, but avoided hampering the creativity of the artists.
DJ Shadow was brought in by Activision during November and December 2008, at least a year into the development into the game, to help select individual songs, help with creating the mixes, and provide additional input for the game, and will also be a playable DJ avatar in the game. He was able to identify old effects samples that were used in the past for scratching for the developers to include the game. To create the mixes, DJ Shadow first created a "dry version" of each mix which did not include any embellishments. DJ Shadow then proceeded to build off that to create the "wet version" with added effects that was used as the base for the gameplay's mixes. Artists Eminem and Jay-Z have also served as consultants for the game; a special edition of "DJ Hero" was branded with their names, and included a limited edition of the controller, a music CD of their songs, a DJ stand, and a travel case for the units. This version is titled "Renegade Edition." Jay-Z stated that he "[loved] the freedom" that the game gives him, and was able to work closely with Activision to put in new mixes that he envisioned, and considered the game "a DJ's universe", while Eminem believed "DJ Hero" was a game that he could "see [himself] actually playing". DJ's Z-Trip and DJ AM both created mixes for the game and will also be playable DJ's in the game; Z-Trip will also help demonstrate the game at the 2009 E3 Conference. Cut Chemist and J.Period will also be assisting in creating mixes for the game. Grandmaster Flash and DJ Jazzy Jeff have contributed remixes to the soundtrack. All the Daft Punk remixes were created in-house by the team in London. All of these artists appeared as playable avatars. In the case of Daft Punk, a special venue inspired by the group's "Alive 2007" tour was created, that Tim Riley, Vice President for Music Affairs at Activision, considered to be "the next best thing to being at a Daft Punk concert". David Guetta has also contributed three mixes that were made available as downloadable content for the game; Guetta would also serve as a spokesperson in the game's European marketing. As part of the game's promotion, the "DJ Hero" controller appears in the music video for Kid Cudi's "Make Her Say".
On August 28, 2009, DJ AM, a significant contributor to "DJ Hero", was found dead in his apartment in New York City. His death did not affect the release of the game. Tim Riley, vice president of music affairs for Activision, stated that "We are deeply saddened by the loss of DJ AM. We hope that his work on the game will be a fitting tribute to his creative spirit and musical talent". Also, at least one promotional video for the game has included a screen commemorating the deceased DJ, with the message "DJ AM, 1973–2009. In memory of a visionary."
Neversoft's Brian Bright revealed that the use of "Guitar Hero" guitar controllers within "DJ Hero" arose when they tried to create mixes of guitar-heavy and rock tracks in the game; they felt something was missing in these mixes and added in the "Guitar Hero"-style of play alongside it. Bright has stated that, while too late for the planned release of "Guitar Hero 5", they are looking towards future instrument controller interoperability, including use of the "DJ Hero" controller into gameplay for future "Guitar Hero" titles, or using drum controllers within "DJ Hero".

title: DJ Hero 2

text: "DJ Hero 2" was well received by critics, receiving praises for maintaining and improving upon the core elements of the first game, and for a soundtrack featuring a wide selection of genres. However, sales for the title were low, failing to reach similar numbers as "DJ Hero" from the previous year. In conjunction with poor sales from the "Guitar Hero" franchise, Activision announced the cancellation of further development in February 2011, leaving "DJ Hero 2" as the final multi-platform iteration of the "DJ Hero" franchise.

title: DJ Hero

text: Over 100 individual songs based on master recordings were licensed by Activision, composed into 93 DJ mixes by both participating internationally known DJs and an in-house remix team. Unusually, the audio team also acted as the design team, playtesting all mixes and creating gameplay in tandem with producing the mixes. All mixes were produced using Ableton Live, with most of the scratch routines being performed by former DMC World DJ Champion DJ Blakey. All mixes used in the soundtrack were unique at the time of the game's release. Celebrity mix artists include DJ Shadow, DJ Z-Trip, DJ AM, and Daft Punk in addition to other mix artists listed below, although Daft Punk did not create their levels - they were all created by the in-house remix team. Initial industry speculation stated that DJ Tiësto would be involved with the game, but this was eventually denied. Mix Master Mike of the Beastie Boys was reported to have signed an exclusivity deal with 7 Studios to appear in their game "", meaning that he would also not appear on "DJ Hero."

title: Death Magnetic

text: Due to technical restrictions, the Wii version of "Guitar Hero: World Tour" only could hold the three shortest songs of the eleven: "Broken, Beat & Scarred", "Cyanide" and "My Apocalypse". These songs also appear on the Wii and PS2 versions of "Guitar Hero: Metallica" as bonus songs instead of DLC. The eight remaining tracks (including both versions of "Suicide & Redemption") were released on November 24, 2009 as DLC for "Guitar Hero 5" and "Band Hero" for Wii.

title: Assassin's Creed II

text: Following the series of server outages, Ubisoft offered owners of the Windows version all DLC from the "Assassin's Creed II Black Edition" (despite already having the Battle of Forli and Bonfire of the Vanities DLC incorporated into the story mode from the beginning by default), or a free copy of "Heroes Over Europe", "Tom Clancy's EndWar", "Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X", or "Prince of Persia" (2008).