query: What's the speed limit on the autobahn?

title: Speed limits in Germany

text: General speed limits in Germany are set by the federal government. All limits are multiples of 5km/h. There are two default speed limits: 50km/h (31mph) inside built-up areas and 100km/h (62mph) outside built-up areas. While parts of the autobahns and many other freeway-style highways have posted limits up to 130km/h (81mph) based on accident experience, congestion and other factors, many rural sections have no general speed limit. The German Highway Code (Straßenverkehrsordnung) section on speed begins with the requirement [1] which may be rendered in English:

title: Governor (device)

text: German manufacturers initially started the "gentlemen's agreement", electronically limiting their vehicles to a top speed of , since such high speeds are more likely on the Autobahn. This was done to reduce the political desire to introduce a legal speed limit.

title: Autobahn

text: Germany's autobahns are famous for being among the few public roads in the world without blanket speed limits for cars and motorcycles. As such, they are important German cultural identifiers, "... often mentioned in hushed, reverential tones by motoring enthusiasts and looked at with a mix of awe and terror by outsiders."[1] Some speed limits are implemented on different autobahns.[25]

title: Autobahn

text: Some limits were imposed to reduce pollution and noise. Limits can also be temporarily put into place through dynamic traffic guidance systems that display the according message. More than half of the total length of the German autobahn network has no speed limit, about one third has a permanent limit, and the remaining parts have a temporary or conditional limit.

title: Autobahn

text: German national speed limits have a historical association[33] with war-time restrictions and deprivations, the Nazi era, and the Soviet era in East Germany. "Free driving for free citizens" ("freie Fahrt für freie Bürger"), a slogan promoted by the German Auto Club since the 1970s,[34] is a popular slogan among those opposing autobahn speed restrictions.[35][36][37] Tarek Al-Wazir, head of the Green Party in Hesse, and currently the Hessian Transport Minister has stated that "the speed limit in Germany has a similar status as the right to bear arms in the American debate... At some point, a speed limit will become reality here, and soon we will not be able to remember the time before. It's like the smoking ban in restaurants."[38]

title: Autobahn

text: Some cars with very powerful engines can reach speeds of well over 300km/h (190mph). Major German car manufacturers, except Porsche, follow a gentlemen's agreement by electronically limiting the top speeds of their cars—with the exception of some top of the range models or engines—to 250km/h (155mph).[32] These limiters can be deactivated, so speeds up to 300km/h (190mph) might arise on the German autobahn, but due to other traffic, such speeds are generally not attainable except during certain times like between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. or on Sundays (when trucks drivers have to rest by law). Furthermore, there are certain autobahn sections which are known for having light traffic, making such speeds attainable during most days (especially some of those located in Eastern Germany). Most unlimited sections of the autobahn are located outside densely populated areas.

title: Autobahnpolizei

text: Investigation sections probe crime at rest stops and the movement of criminals and smugglers on the "Autobahn", often together with German Customs. The "Autobahnpolizei" also use fast unmarked vehicles with video cameras discreetly mounted front and back to follow and film reckless drivers and speeders. Approximately 30% of autobahns in Germany have a permanent speed limit of or less, primarily in urban areas. On the remainder, the 130 km/h speed limit is only advisory.

title: Autobahns of Austria

text: Unlike German autobahns, on Austrian autobahns a general speed limit of 130 km/h (81 mph) is set, although as of August 25, 2018, the FPÖ government has been going on a trial for a possible speed limit increase to 140 km/h (87 mph) on the Autobahn 1 freeway. They may only be used by powered vehicles that are designed to achieve at least . While on the motorway voluntary stops, U-turns and backward driving are prohibited.

title: Bundesstraße

text: One distinguishing characteristic between German "Bundesstraßen" and "Autobahnen" is that there usually is a general 100 km/h (62 mph) speed limit on federal highways out of built-up areas, as opposed to the merely advisory speed limit ("Richtgeschwindigkeit") of 130 km/h (83 mph) in unmarked sections of the autobahns. However, a number of "Bundesstraßen" have been extended as expressways (dual carriageways) (colloquially called "Yellow Autobahns"). Many of these have speed limits of usually 100–120 km/h, others have only an advisory speed limit like autobahns. Most sections of the federal highways are only single carriageway with one lane for each direction and no hard shoulder pull-out area.

title: Speed limit

text: Just over half of the German autobahns have only an advisory speed limit (called in German "Richtgeschwindigkeit"), 15% have temporary speed limits due to weather or traffic conditions and 33% have permanent speed limits, according to 2008 estimates. The advisory speed limit applies to any road in Germany, regardless of its classification (e.g. Autobahn, Federal Highway, State Road etc.), outside of towns which is either a dual carriageway or features at least two lanes per direction unless there is another speedlimit posted, though it is less common for non-autobahn roads to be unrestricted. All other roads in Germany, again regardless of classification, outside of towns do have a general speed limit of 100 km/h, which is usually reduced to 80 km/h at Allée-streets (roeads bordered by trees or bushes on one or both sites). Travel speeds are not regularly monitored in Germany; however, a 2008 report noted that on the autobahn in Niemegk (between Leipzig and Berlin) "significantly more than 60% of road users exceed . More than 30% of motorists exceed ". Prior to German reunification in 1990, accident reduction programs in eastern German states were primarily focused on restrictive traffic regulation. Within two years after the opening, availability of high-powered vehicles and a 54% increase in motorized traffic led to a doubling of annual traffic deaths, despite "interim arrangements [which] involved the continuation of the speed limit of on autobahns and of outside cities. An extensive program of the four "E"s (enforcement, education, engineering, and emergency response) brought the number of traffic deaths back to pre-unification levels after a decade of effort while traffic regulations were conformed to western standards (e.g., freeway advisory limit, on other rural roads, and ).

title: Autobahn

text: In the mid-1980s, acid rain and sudden forest destruction renewed debate on whether or not a general speed limit should be imposed on autobahns.[55][56] A car's fuel consumption increases with high speed, and fuel conservation is a key factor in reducing air pollution. Environmentalists argued that enforcing limits of 100km/h (62mph) limit on autobahns and 80km/h (50mph) on other rural roads would save lives as well as the forest, reducing the annual death toll by 30% (250 lives) on autobahns and 15% (1,000 lives) on rural roads;[57] the German motor vehicle death toll was about 10,000 at the time.[58] The Federal Government sponsored a large-scale experiment with a 100km/h (62mph) speed limit in order to measure the impact of reduced speeds on emissions and compliance.[59] Afterward, again, the Federal Government declined to impose a mandatory limit, deciding the modest measured emission reduction would have no meaningful effect on forest loss.[60] By 1987 all restrictions on test sections had been removed, even in Hesse where the state government was controlled by a "red-green" coalition.[61]

title: Tauern Autobahn

text: In a variance to the general Austrian motorway speed limit of 130 km/h (81 mph), a special environmental speed limit of 110 km/h (68 mph) is in force on the Tauern Autobahn between 10:00 PM and 5:00 AM.

title: Controlled-access highway

text:
Germany's network of controlled-access expressways includes all federal Autobahnen and some parts of Bundesstraßen and usually no Landesstraßen (State Highways), Kreisstraßen (District Highways) nor Gemeindestraßen (municipal highways).
The federal "Autobahn" network has a total length of in 2014, making it one of the densest networks in the world.
The German autobahns have no general speed limit (though about 47% of the total length is subject to local and/or conditional limits), but the advisory speed limit ("Richtgeschwindigkeit") is . The lower class expressways usually have speed limits of or lower.

title: Speed limits in Germany

text: There is a general speed limit of 80km/h (50mph) for trucks with a GVWR over 3,500kg (7,716lbs) and for vehicles with trailers. For vehicles with a GVWR of over 7,500kg (16,534lbs) the limit is set to 60km/h (37mph) except on autobahns (also 80km/h).[26] For coaches and cars with trailers the limit is increased to 100km/h on autobahns (under certain requirements).[27] Posted speed signs for trucks are not common, they can be seen on some dangerous curves or descents.

title: Advisory speed limit

text: Signposting of advisory speed limits varies from country to country; Australia makes extensive use of advisory speed limits across its highway networks while the "Richtgeschwindigkeit" ("reference speed") in Germany is valid for the whole autobahn network (but can be overruled by speed limits in particular sections or for special reasons like weather conditions or roadworks), while the United States and the United Kingdom only give advisory speed limits for hazards such as bends.

title: Speed limits by country

text: The following tables show various jurisdictions' default speed limits (where applicable) that apply to different types of vehicles travelling on three different types of road. Actual speed limits may range beyond these values. Speeds are listed in kilometers per hour. The enforcement tolerance is specified in km/h or percentage above the stated limit. For the United Kingdom and the United States, the speed limit listed in miles per hour. Germany, with its Autobahns, is the only country without a general speed limit on its highways. The Isle of Man is the only jurisdiction without a general speed limit on rural two-lane roads.

title: Autobahn

text: A 2008 estimate reported that 52% of the autobahn network had only the advisory speed limit, 15% had temporary speed limits due to weather or traffic conditions, and 33% had permanent speed limits.[2] Measurements from the German State of Brandenburg in 2006 showed average speeds of 142km/h (88mph) on a 6-lane section of autobahn in free-flowing conditions.[3]

title: Autobahn

text: In 2014, the conservative-liberal ruling coalition of Saxony confirmed its rejection of a general speed limit on autobahns, instead advocating dynamic traffic controls where appropriate.[74] Between 2010 and 2014 in the State of Hesse, transportation ministers Dieter Posch[75] and his successor[76] Florian Rentsch,[77] both members of the Free Democratic Party, removed or raised speed limits on several sections of autobahn following regular 5-year reviews of speed limit effectiveness; some sections just prior to the installation of Tarek Al-Wazir (Green Party) as Transportation Minister in January 2014[78][79] as part of an uneasy CDU-green coalition government. In 2015, the left-green coalition government of Thuringia declared that a general autobahn limit was a Federal matter; Thuringia would not unlaterally impose a general Statewide limit, although the Thuringian environmental minister had recommended a 120 kilometres per hour (75mph) limit.[80]

title: Advisory speed limit

text: In Germany, the "Autobahn-Richtgeschwindigkeits-Verordnung" (Directive on Reference Speed on Motorways), introduced in 1974, recommends a speed of no more than for autobahns and similar roads, whose lanes are separated by a median or which have at least two lanes per direction, provided there are no traffic signs posting a lower speed limit.

title: Speed limit

text: The first maximum speed limit was the limit introduced in the United Kingdom in 1861. The highest posted speed limit in the world is , which applies to some motorways in UAE. However, some roads have no speed limit for certain classes of vehicles. Best known are Germany's less congested Autobahns, where automobile drivers have no mandated maximum speed. Measurements from the German state of Brandenburg in 2006 showed average speeds of on a 6-lane section of autobahn in free-flowing conditions. Rural roads on the Isle of Man and the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Telangana, also lack speed limits.

title: Speed limit

text: Typically motorways have higher speed limits than conventional roads because motorways have features which decrease the likelihood of collisions and severity of impacts. For example, motorways separate opposing traffic and crossing traffic, employ traffic barriers, and prohibit the most vulnerable users such as pedestrians and bicyclists. Germany's crash experience illustrates the relative effectiveness of these strategies on crash severity: on autobahns 22 people died per 1000 injury crashes, a lower rate than the 29 deaths per 1,000 injury accidents on conventional rural roads; however, the rural risk is five times higher than on urban roads – speeds are higher on rural roads and autobahns than urban roads, increasing the severity potential of a crash. The net effect of speeds, crash probability, and impact mitigation strategies may be measured by the rate of deaths per billion-travel-kilometers: the autobahn fatality rate is 2 deaths per billion-travel-kilometers, lower than either the 8.7 rate on rural roads or the 5.3 rate in urban areas; the overall national fatality rate was 5.6, slightly higher than urban rate and more than twice that of autobahns.

title: Speed limit

text: Road speed limits are used in most countries to set the maximum (or minimum in some cases) speed at which road vehicles may legally travel on particular stretches of road. Speed limits may be variable and in some places speed is unlimited (e.g. on some Autobahn sections in Germany). Speed limits are normally indicated on a traffic sign. Speed limits are commonly set by the legislative bodies of nations or provincial governments and enforced by national or regional police or judicial bodies. Even with the minimum speed limit, that violator is punished.

title: Dual carriageway

text:
"Autobahnähnliche Straßen" mostly are colloquially referred to as "gelbe Autobahn" (yellow motorway) because they have the same technical standard as the "Autobahn" but have black on yellow signs instead of the white on blue signs used on the "Autobahn" motorway network. These are generally high-speed arterial roads in larger cities or important roads within a federal state that do not connect to major cities, so that they do not fall under the federal budget for the "Autobahn" network. The federal road Bundesstraße 27 is an example where about half of its length is upgraded to a high speed motorway standard. On the basis of their structure these roads have, comparable to the German "autobahn", the legal foundation that no default speed limit exists (design speed 130 km/h), although the standard advisory speed limit () still exists. Nevertheless expressways are often given speed limit signs.
At the moment some (blue) motorways have been taken out of the "Autobahn" network programme but still have the blue signs; and on the other hand some former non-"Autobahn" (yellow) motorways have been added to "Autobahn" budgeting but the signs have not been changed either. Motorways that are neither in the "autobahn" network nor in the "Bundesstraße" network are given black on white signs, following the same sign code as high-speed dual carriageways—this is mostly seen on urban trunk roads.

title: Speed limits in Germany

text: In 1973, in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis, a federal speed limit of 100km/h (62mph) on Autobahns was imposed to help conserve fuel for fear of impending future shortages (not for environmental or safety reasons). The measure only lasted from December 1973 to March 1974; while the administration and the Bundestag were in favor of keeping the speed limit, the Bundesrat pushed to repeal the law. As a compromise, a recommended speed was introduced on Autobahns and "highways outside of built-up areas with a center divide or without a center divide and a continuous lane for overtaking in both directions". This law is basically still in effect today. Unrestricted non-Autobahn highways, however, have since become virtually non-existent or replaced by Schnellstraßen, Autobahn-like expressways typically limited to 120 or 130km/h and normally only covering a few kilometers.

title: Autobahn

text: However, after the crisis eased in 1974, the upper house of the German parliament, which was controlled by conservative parties, successfully resisted the imposition of a permanent mandatory limit supported by Chancellor Brandt.[50] The upper house insisted on a 130km/h (81mph) recommended limit until a thorough study of the effects of a mandatory limit could be conducted.[51] Accordingly, the Federal Highway Research Institute conducted a multiple-year experiment, switching between mandatory and recommended limits on two test stretches of autobahn. In the final report issued in 1977, the Institute stated the mandatory speed limit could reduce the autobahn death toll but there would be economic impacts, so a political decision had to be made due to the trade-offs involved.[52] At that time, the Federal Government declined to impose a mandatory limit.[53] The fatality rate trend on the German autobahn mirrored those of other nations' motorways that imposed a general speed limit.[54]

title: Advisory speed limit

text: The Richtgeschwindigkeit (German Advisory or Suggested Speed of Travel) is a legal term in Germany describing the advisory speed limit for roads without a mandatory speed limit. Autobahns have an advisory speed limit of on non-signposted sections.

title: Autobahn

text: In December 1952 the West German legislature voted to abolish all national speed limits, seeing them as Nazi relics,[42] reverting to State-level decisions. National limits were reestablished incrementally. The 50km/h (31mph) urban limit was enacted in 1956, effective in 1957.[43] The 100km/h (62mph) limit on rural roads—except autobahns—became effective in 1972.

title: Autobahn

text: Just prior to the 1973 oil crisis, Germany, Switzerland,[44] and Austria[45][46] all had no general speed restriction on autobahns. During the crisis, like other nations, Germany imposed temporary speed restrictions; for example, 100km/h (62mph) on autobahns effective 13 November 1973.[47] Automakers projected a 20% plunge in sales, which they attributed in part to the lowered speed limits.[48] The 100km/h limit championed by Transportation Minister Lauritz Lauritzen lasted 111 days.[49] Adjacent nations with unlimited speed autobahns, Austria[45][46] and Switzerland,[44] imposed permanent 130km/h (81mph) limits after the crisis.

title: Autobahn

text: In 2012, the leading cause of autobahn accidents was "excessive speed (for conditions)": 6,587 so-called "speed related" crashes claimed the lives of 179 people, which represents almost half (46.3%) of 387 autobahn fatalities that year.[86] However, "excessive speed" does not mean that a speed limit has been exceeded, but that police determined at least one party travelled too fast for existing road[87] or weather conditions.[86] On autobahns 22 people died per 1,000 injury crashes; a lower rate than the 29 deaths per 1,000 injury accidents on conventional rural roads, which in turn is five times higher than the risk on urban roads—speeds are higher on rural roads and autobahns than urban roads, increasing the severity potential of a crash.[86]

title: Autobahn

text: The autobahns of East Germany (GDR) were neglected in comparison to those in West Germany after 1945. East German autobahns were used primarily for GDR military traffic and for state-owned farming or manufacturing vehicles. The speed limit on the GDR autobahns was 100 kilometres per hour (62mph); however, lower speed limits were frequently encountered due to poor or quickly changing road conditions. The speed limits on the GDR autobahns were rigorously enforced by the Volkspolizei, whose patrol cars were frequently found hiding under camouflage tarpaulins waiting for speeders.

title: Speed limit

text: "Roads with no possibility of a side impact or frontal impact" are sometimes designated as Type 1 (motorways/freeways/Autobahns), Type 2 ("2+2 roads") or Type 3 ("2+1 roads"). These roadways have crash barriers separating opposing traffic, limited access, grade separation and prohibitions on slower and more vulnerable road users. Undivided rural roads can be quite dangerous even with speed limits that appear low by comparison. For example, in 2011, Germany's -limited rural roads had a fatality rate of 8.7 deaths per billion travel-km, over four times higher than the autobahn rate of 2 deaths. Autobahns accounted for 31% of German road travel in 2011, but just 11% (453 of 4,009) of traffic deaths.


query: What highway goes across the United States?

title: U.S. Route 20

text: U.S. Highway 20 (US20) is an east–west United States highway that stretches from the Pacific Northwest all the way to New England. The "0" in its route number indicates that US20 is a coast-to-coast route. Spanning 3,365 miles (5,415km), it is the longest road in the United States,[1] and particularly from Newport, Oregon to Boston, Massachusetts, the route is roughly parallel to that of the newer Interstate 90 (I-90), which is in turn the longest Interstate Highway in the U.S. There is a discontinuity in the official designation of US20 through Yellowstone National Park, with unnumbered roads used to traverse the park.

title: Minnesota State Highway 24

text:
Highway 24 was paved from 1947 through 1949.
In 1961, Highway 24 was extended along what was previously "State Highway 240" from Annandale across the Mississippi River to Clear Lake, overlapping with Highways 15 and 55 to connect to its original extent.

title: Arkansas Highway 59

text: Arkansas Highway 59 is a north–south state highway in Northwest Arkansas. The route runs from Arkansas Highway 22 in Barling north to the Missouri state line through Van Buren, the county seat of Crawford County. Highway 59 parallels US 59 (in Oklahoma) between Siloam Springs and Fort Smith. Since US 59 goes through Arkansas, AR 59 is the only Arkansas state highway to share its numbering with a federal highway that goes through Arkansas.

title: Washington State Route 433

text: State Route 433 (SR 433) is a long state highway located entirely in Cowlitz County, Washington, United States. The highway begins midway across the Columbia River on the National Register of Historic Places listed Lewis and Clark Bridge and travels north to SR 432 in Longview. Prior to the 1964 state highway renumbering the highway was part of Primary State Highway 12. Between 1964 and 1972, the highway's designation was changed from State Route 833 to the current SR 433.

title: List of former state highways in South Dakota

text: South Dakota Highway 8 was one of only two single digit state highway numbers known to be used in South Dakota. It was a state route across north central and northwest South Dakota, generally following what is now South Dakota Highway 20. The first designation of this route, in 1926, was South Dakota Highway 18. By the late 1920s, U.S. Highway 18 was established across southern South Dakota. The existence of two highway 18's was corrected around 1935, when the northern highway was redesignated as South Dakota 8. This number remained in use until the late 1960s, when SD 20 was extended west across the Missouri River, absorbing the SD 8 alignment.

title: Nebraska Highway 61

text: Nebraska Highway 61 begins at the Kansas border south of Benkelman. It goes north through farmland for one mile (1.6 km), then intersects U.S. Highway 34, with which it overlaps through Benkelman. It goes north from Benkelman to Enders Reservoir State Recreation Area, where it intersects U.S. Highway 6. They overlap north, then west into Imperial. At Imperial, Highway 61 turns north and continues north until an intersection with Nebraska Highway 23, where Highway 61 and Highway 23 turn west to go to Grant. At Grant, Highway 61 goes north and continues north until Interstate 80 at Ogallala. At I-80, an overlap with U.S. Highway 26 begins and they go north across the South Platte River and intersect U.S. Highway 30.

title: What Goes on Tour

text: "What Goes on Tour" is the ninth episode of the HBO comedy series "Flight of the Conchords". This episode first aired in the United States on Sunday, August 12, 2007.

title: Panchobh

text: Panchobh is located beside the State Highway 50 (SH 50). This highway goes to Samastipur. And Panchobh is located alongside the National Highway 57 (NH 57) near Simri. This highway goes to Porbandar (Gujarat) and Guwahati (Assam).

title: Barney, Brooks County, Georgia

text: Barney is an unincorporated community located in the northeast of Brooks County, Georgia, United States. Barney's major highways are 122 that goes through Thomasville, Pattern, Pavo, Barney, Hahira, and Lakeland. The other one is highway 76 or Adel highway that goes through Greenville, Florida, Quitman, Morven, Barney, Adel, and Nashville.

title: Minnesota State Highway 49

text: Highway 49 was commissioned in 1933, running from State Highway 5 in downtown Saint Paul to then-U.S. Highway 8 in Lino Lakes. In 1950, it was extended over what had been State Highway 88 (present day State Highway 149), across the High Bridge southbound to old State Highway 218 (later renumbered Highway 3) in Inver Grove Heights. When a portion of Interstate 35W was constructed in 1966 and old U.S. 8 was moved to it at Lino Lakes, Highway 49 was then extended north along the former route of U.S. 8 and also replaced old State Highway 326, which served the Lino Lakes Correctional Facility. In 1981, the route south of Highway 5 was renumbered 149 (Smith Avenue and Dodd Road). The remainder of Highway 49 was decommissioned in 1997-1998, the Rice Street and Hodgson Road portions becoming County Road 49, the Lake Drive portion becoming County Road 23, and Lilac Street becoming County Road 153.

title: Maryland Route 267

text: Maryland Route 267 (MD 267) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs through Charlestown between two intersections with MD 7 in southwestern Cecil County. MD 267, which follows the path of the old post road between Baltimore and Philadelphia, was constructed as a modern highway along that main line in 1915. The highway was bypassed by what is now MD 7 in 1921 to avoid a pair of dangerous bridges across what is now Amtrak's Northeast Corridor. Those two bridges and adjacent sections of MD 267 were replaced west and east of Charlestown in the mid-1960s and mid-1970s, respectively.

title: Wisconsin State Trunk Highway System

text: The Wisconsin State Trunk Highway System is the state highway system of the U.S. state of Wisconsin, including Wisconsin's segments of the Interstate Highway System and the United States Numbered Highway System, in addition to its other state trunk highways. These separate types of highways are respectively designated with an "I"-, "US", or "STH-" (or "WIS") prefix. The system also includes minor roads designated as Scenic Byways, four routes intended to promote tourism to scenic and historic areas of the state; and as Rustic Roads, lightly-traveled and often unpaved local roads which the state has deemed worthy of preservation and protection. The state highway system, altogether totaling across all of Wisconsin's 72 counties, is maintained by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT).

title: Interstate 40 in California

text: In the State of California, Interstate 40 (I-40) begins on the west at its interchange with Interstate 15 in Barstow. Sometimes called the Needles Freeway, it is a major east–west highway of the Interstate Highway System that goes all the way to Wilmington, North Carolina. I-40 goes east from Barstow across the Mojave Desert in San Bernardino County past the Clipper Mountains to Needles, before it crosses over the Colorado River into Arizona east of Needles. All 155 miles of I-40 in California are in San Bernardino County.

title: U.S. Route 136 in Nebraska

text: U.S. Highway 136 is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs for between Edison, Nebraska and Speedway, Indiana. It is a spur route of US 36 despite never intersecting its parent. Within the State of Nebraska it is a state highway that begins at a junction with US 6 and US 34 north of Edison and travels east across the southern part of the state to the Nebraska–Missouri state line in Brownville along the banks of the Missouri River. Throughout its length, the highway is known as the Heritage Highway, one of nine scenic byways in the state. The highway travels across the grassland prairies of southern Nebraska to the woods of the Missouri River Valley encountering winding rivers, farmlands, and historic settlements. These landscapes were featured in stories from Pulitzer Prize-winning author Willa Cather recounting life on the Nebraska Plains during the end of the 19th century. For its entire length, US 136 is a two-lane highway with the exception of a stretch of divided highway within Fairbury.

title: Texas State Highway Spur 302

text: Spur 302 serves as an east–west highway through Greenville, Texas. It starts at U.S. Highway 69 (US 69) and US 380 at the west end and ends at Interstate 30 (I-30) and U.S. Highway 67 at the east end. The highway, mostly known as Lee Street, goes through downtown as a one-way pairing of streets, where Lee Street goes eastbound and Washington Street goes westbound.

title: Transportation in North America

text: The Trans Canada Highway spans the country along with its auxiliary branches. The Yellowhead Highway branches to the north, and the Crowsnest Highway, acts as a southern spur or shortcut to travelling from Alberta to British Columbia across the Rockies. Canada's national highways are similar to the US Route network, as it is mostly two-lane without freeway sections, aside from in and near large population centres, such as Montreal, Calgary, and Regina. Canada and the United States have also built the vital Alaska Highway, linking Anchorage, Alaska (and the rest of the state) to Canada and the rest of the United States.

title: Interstate 70 in West Virginia

text:
The first recorded road to reach what was then Wheeling, Virginia, was a post road linking it with Morgantown, to the southeast. The post road was completed in 1794. The National Road was the first interstate road that served Wheeling, linking the town to Cumberland, Maryland, in the east. The National Road started construction under order of then President Thomas Jefferson in 1806 and was completed in 1818. In 1926 the United States Numbered Highway System was established, and the National Road through the Northern Panhandle was designated US 40. US 40 linked Vallejo, California, in the west to Atlantic City, New Jersey, in the east. Passage of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 formed the Interstate Highway System, designating as I-70 a then unconstructed controlled-access highway across the panhandle by 1957. Since it was constructed as a separate controlled-access highway, much of I-70 is separate from the old National Road and US 40.
The first portion of what is now known as I-70 to be completed across West Virginia was the Fort Henry Bridge across the main channel of the Ohio River, built in 1955. WVDOT began obtaining right-of-way for I-70 in 1961. The Wheeling Tunnel, linking downtown Wheeling and the Fort Henry Bridge to the eastern suburb of Elm Grove, was completed in 1967 at a cost of $7 million (equivalent to $ in ). The bridge that carries I-70 from the Ohio state line onto Wheeling Island was completed in 1968. Construction of I-70 across the panhandle was almost completed in September 1971, with only one of the two carriageways completed in the final segment of freeway near Elm Grove. Then Governor Arch A. Moore, Jr. and Senator Jennings Randolph were present for the opening of this $17 million (equivalent to $ in ) portion of freeway. The second carriageway was completed by the end of 1971.

title: Interstate 5 in California

text: Interstate 5 (I-5) is a major north–south route of the Interstate Highway System in the U.S. state of California. It begins at the Mexico–United States border at the San Ysidro crossing, goes north across the length of California and crosses into Oregon south of the Medford-Ashland metropolitan area. It is the more important and most used of the two major north-south routes on the Pacific Coast, the other being U.S. Route 101, which is primarily coastal.

title: List of former Maryland state highways (600–699)

text:
Maryland Route 600 was the designation for Old Eastern Avenue, which ran from MD 150 in Essex east to MD 150 in Middle River. The highway was assigned after MD 150 was relocated to its present four-lane divided highway as a military access project between 1942 and 1944. MD 600 was removed from the state highway system in 1956.
Maryland Route 602 was the designation for Fort Meade Road, which ran from US 1 in Laurel east to Fort George G. Meade. The highway was a military access project during World War II. The first segment of the new highway, from US 1 to what was then MD 216 near Brock Bridge Road in what is now Maryland City, was started in 1943 and completed in 1944. This segment included a bridge across the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (now CSX) in Laurel and a bridge across the Patuxent River. The remainder of MD 602, from near Brock Bridge Road to the entrance to Fort Meade near the Little Patuxent River, was completed by 1946. The highway was replaced by an eastward extension of MD 198 in 1963.

title: Victory Highway

text:
The Victory Highway was an auto trail across the United States between New York City and San Francisco, roughly equivalent to the present U.S. Route 40. It was created by the Victory Highway Association, which was organized in 1921 to locate and mark a transcontinental highway to be dedicated to American forces who died in World War I. A series of Victory Eagle sculptures would mark the route, although only six were completed.
By 1922 the organization had decided to run the highway from New York City southwest to Camden, New Jersey; Philadelphia; Wilmington, Delaware; Baltimore; and Washington, D.C. before turning west to San Francisco. Washington was later removed from the route, and the highway was relocated to run west from Baltimore to Cumberland, Maryland. At Cumberland, it picked up the old National Road to Vandalia, Illinois, which was already marked as part of the National Old Trails Road. It continued to follow that auto trail near Fulton, Missouri, and then followed a different route across the rest of that state, passing through Jefferson City on its way to Kansas City. The highway continued west from Kansas City to Denver over the Golden Belt Highway, and then ran via Salt Lake City, across the Great Salt Lake Desert on the Wendover Cut-off and into Nevada. After crossing the Sierra Nevada mountain range into California, the highway went through Sacramento, through the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta over what is now State Route 160, crossed over the Antioch Bridge, passed through the Broadway Tunnel, and ended in San Francisco.

title: La Piedad

text: Highway 110 goes west and takes you to towns like Yurécuaro, Tanhuato, Vista Hermosa, Briseñas y La Barca, and the free-toll route to Guadalajara. Highway 39 runs south of La Piedad to Zamora, this highway goes to the toll highway 15, which goes north-south, from Nogales to Mexico City. Highway 90 runs north of La Piedad to the town of Degollado and states of Guanajuato and Jalisco.

title: History of Falls Church

text: Falls Church came to benefit from the efforts of a national group called the Lee Highway Association, which endeavored to build a coast-to-coast highway across the southern United States, to be named in honor of Robert E. Lee. Their intent was to match efforts to build a similar highway across the northern tier of states, to be named for Abraham Lincoln.

title: Colorado State Highway 3

text: State Highway 3 (SH 3) is a short north–south state highway located in and near the city of Durango, in the county of La Plata in the U.S. State of Colorado, United States. It follows the former alignment of U.S. Routes 160 and 550 south of downtown, lying across the Animas River from the modern highway constructed about 1980.

title: Wisconsin Highway 13

text: The route of STH 13 previously ran the length of the state from Beloit on the Illinois state line to the Minnesota state line. From Beloit, Highway 13 followed the roads that are now U.S. Highway 51, U.S. Highway 14, U.S. Highway 12 through Janesville and Madison. Additionally, STH 13 was extended westerly from Bayfield first to Port Wing, then into Superior then across the border to Duluth. In the 1920s, the southern end of highway 13 was realigned from Evansville to Beloit along what is now WIS 213 after US 14 was commissioned.

title: Illinois Route 92

text: Illinois Route 92 (IL 92 or Route 92) is an east–west state highway in northwest Illinois. It runs from the Norbert F. Beckey Bridge across the Mississippi River where it meets the eastern end of Iowa Highway 92, east to U.S. Route 34 in La Moille. This is a distance of . Illinois Route 92 is part of a continuous four-state "Highway 92" which begins in Torrington, Wyoming, goes through Nebraska and Iowa and ends in La Moille, Illinois.

title: Vermont Route 155

text: Vermont Route 155 is a north–south state highway in central Vermont, United States. It runs from Weston in the south to East Wallingford in the north. Much of the highway goes through the Green Mountain National Forest.

title: U.S. Route 70

text: During the 1920s the first national highway was conceived: the Lincoln Highway, named in honor of Abraham Lincoln, stretching across the northern United States from coast to coast. A companion effort was launched to create a transcontinental highway stretching across the southern half of the country, this one named in honor of Confederate States of America general Robert E. Lee. The two highways were a revolution of sorts, in that a driver could follow a single road from coast to coast bearing the same designation. Much of today's U.S. 70 was earlier the Lee Highway, although that appellation was later dropped.

title: Colorado State Highway 97

text: SH 97 runs , starting at a junction with State Highway 141 in Naturita. The highway goes north across the San Miguel River, ending in Nucla.

title: U.S. Route 61

text: U.S. Route 61 (US 61) is the official designation for a major United States highway which extends between New Orleans, Louisiana and the city of Wyoming, Minnesota. The highway generally follows the course of the Mississippi River, and is designated the Great River Road for much of its route. As of 2004, the highway's northern terminus in Wyoming, Minnesota, is at an intersection with Interstate 35 (I-35). Until 1991, the highway extended north on what is now Minnesota State Highway 61 (MN 61) through Duluth and across the Canada–U.S. border, near Grand Portage. Its southern terminus in New Orleans, Louisiana, is at an intersection with Tulane Avenue at South Broad Street. The highway is often called the Blues Highway because it connects Saint Paul, Minnesota; St. Louis, Missouri; Memphis, Tennessee; the Mississippi Delta, and New Orleans.

title: BR-324

text: BR-324 is a federal highway in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The 627.5 km road goes from Balsas, Maranhão, across the states of Piauí and Bahia to the Bahian state capital, Salvador.

title: Interstate 84 in New York

text: Interstate 84 (I-84) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from Dunmore, Pennsylvania, to Sturbridge, Massachusetts, in the Eastern United States. In New York, I-84 extends from the Pennsylvania state line at Port Jervis to the Connecticut state line east of Brewster. As it heads east–west across the mid Hudson Valley, it goes over two mountain ranges and crosses the Hudson River at the Newburgh–Beacon Bridge.


query: Who has the most Grammy nominations?

title: Grammy Award records

text: The record for the most Grammy Awards won in a lifetime is held by Georg Solti, a Hungarian-British conductor who conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for twenty-two years. He has won a total of 31 competitive Grammy Awards out of 74 nominations and was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.[1][2]

title: List of awards and nominations received by Dolly Parton

text:
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States. Parton has received eight awards from forty-seven nominations. She had the most nominations of any female artist in the history of the prestigious awards, a record now held by Beyonce after the 56th Grammy Awards.
In 2011, she was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

title: Grammy Nominated (Kitaro)

text: Grammy Nominated is a compilation album by new age artist Kitarō. It has 13 tracks from each of his Grammy-nominated albums.

title: List of awards and nominations received by Frank Ocean

text:
The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards, and the British equivalent to the American Grammy Award. Ocean has received one award from one nomination.
The GLAAD Media Awards were created in 1990 by the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation to "recognize and honor media for their fair, accurate and inclusive representations of the LGBT community and the issues that affect their lives." Ocean has received one award from two nominations.
The Grammis Awards are the Swedish equivalent of the Grammy Awards. Ocean has received one nomination.
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Ocean has received two awards from seven nominations.

title: Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Performance

text: Americans Eve and Gwen Stefani won the first award in 2002 with "Let Me Blow Ya Mind". The pair were unsuccessfully nominated a second time in 2006 for "Rich Girl". American rapper Jay-Z has received seven Grammys in the category— four times as lead artist and three times as featured artist; he has also been nominated for three other songs. Rihanna is the female artist with the most wins in the category, with five wins out of nine total nominations. John Legend has received the most nominations in the category without a win, with six.

title: List of awards and nominations received by Beyoncé

text: Beyoncé is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and entrepreneur. Throughout the course of her solo career, Beyoncé has won 25 MTV Video Music Awards, making her the most-awarded artist in the award show history. Beyoncé is also the most-awarded artist at the BET Awards and the Soul Train Awards. With a total of 22 awards and 63 nominations from the Grammy Awards for her music (as a solo artist and with Destiny's Child), she is the most nominated woman and the second-most awarded woman in Grammy history.

title: Objetivo Fama

text: Various contestants of "Objetivo Fama" have gone on to have successful musical careers, winning musical awards and having success on various record charts. Contestants like Anaís Martínez and Cristina Eustace have been nominated to Latin Grammy Awards, while Anaís, Marlon Fernández, and Juan Vélez have been nominated for Billboard Music Awards. Season 1 contestant Kany García has been perhaps the most successful artist from the show, despite being the first contestant eliminated. She has gone on to record three successful albums, and has been nominated to 2 Grammy Awards and 6 Latin Grammy Awards, winning two of them.

title: Brian McKnight

text: Brian McKnight (born June 5, 1969) is an American R&B singer-songwriter, arranger, producer, and musician. He is a multi-instrumentalist who plays piano, guitar, bass guitar, percussion, trombone, tuba, flugelhorn and trumpet. McKnight is most recognized for his strong falsetto and belting range. McKnight's work has earned him 16 Grammy Awards nominations, though he has never won. He is third only to Morten Lindberg and Snoop Dogg for the record of most Grammy nominations without a win.

title: List of awards and nominations received by Scott Rudin

text: The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American producer Scott Rudin. Among his numerous accolades as a film and theatrical producer, Rudin has won fifteen Tony Awards, an Academy Award, an Emmy, a Grammy, four Golden Globes and thirteen Drama Desk Awards. Additionally, he has been nominated for ten BAFTA Awards. With his Grammy win for "The Book of Mormon" in 2012, he became one of the few people who have won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony Award, and the first producer to do so.

title: Sudden Death (song)

text: In December 2010, the song was announced as a nominee for Best Metal Performance at the 53rd Grammy Awards. This was the band's second straight nomination, being nominated for "Head Crusher" the year prior in the same category. This is also the band's ninth nomination overall. Until 2017, Megadeth had never won a Grammy Award, and were one of the most nominated bands ever without a win and are now the second most nominated metal band in history. It was producer Andy Sneap's 3rd Grammy nomination and his second with the band. "Sudden Death" was nominated against Iron Maiden's "El Dorado", Korn's "Let the Guilt Go", Lamb of God's "In Your Words" and Slayer's "World Painted Blood". The Grammy ended up going to "El Dorado."

title: Tom Paxton

text: Paxton has been nominated four times for Grammy Awards, all since 2002. He was first nominated in 2002 for his children's album, "Your Shoes, My Shoes". The following year, "Looking for the Moon" received a 2003 nomination for "Best Contemporary Folk Album". "Live In The UK" (2005), received a 2006 Grammy nomination in the "Best Traditional Folk Album" category. Most recently, his 2008 album "Comedians and Angels" received a 2009 nomination, also in the "Best Traditional Folk Album" category. Paxton was honored with a 2009 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Recording Academy, and the formal announcement was made during the 51st Annual Grammy Awards telecast, which aired on February 8, 2009.

title: Dolly Parton

text: Parton has received 46 Grammy Award nominations, tying her with Bruce Springsteen for the most Grammy nominations and positioning her in tenth place overall.

title: Jamie Lee Wilson

text: She has collaborated with ASCAP Pop Award and two-time Grammy Award-nominated songwriter and producer Tommy Faragher, Grammy Award-nominated house musician Todd Terry, Grammy Award-nominated electronic music producers Sultan & Ned Shepard, Grammy Award-nominated DJ Joachim Garraud, Grammy Award-nominated producer and DJ Stonebridge, Grammy Award-winner musician Dave Audé, and American vocalist Chris Willis.

title: List of awards and nominations received by Residente

text: Puerto Rican rapper Residente has won 39 awards from 74 nominations. He has been nominated for five Grammy Awards and 42 Latin Grammy Awards, winning four and 24 awards, respectively. Both Residente and his step-brother Eduardo Cabra "Visitante" hold the record of the most Latin Grammy Award wins with 24 each.

title: Southwest Chamber Music

text: The ensemble has made 30 critically acclaimed recordings for which it has also received two Grammy Awards and nine nominations, including its most recent nomination for a 2012 Latin Grammy.

title: Dolly Parton

text: Parton has earned nine Grammy Awards (including her 2011 Lifetime Achievement Grammy) and a total of 46 Grammy Award nominations, the most nominations of any female artist in the history of the prestigious awards, a record tied by Beyoncé.

title: 56th Annual Grammy Awards

text: The eligibility period for the 56th Annual Grammy Awards was October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2013. The nominations were announced on December 6, 2013 during a live televised concert on CBS, "The Grammy Nominations Concert Live – Countdown to Music's Biggest Night." Jay Z received the most nominations with nine. Justin Timberlake, Kendrick Lamar, Macklemore & Ryan Lewis and Pharrell Williams each received seven nominations. Daft Punk and Pharrell Williams were nominated twice for both Album of the Year and Record of the Year. Sound engineer Bob Ludwig received the most nominations by a non-performing artist, with five.

title: Skidd Mills

text: Skidd has won multiple Grammy Awards along with having seven Grammy nominations. In 2010, Skidd won a BMI Pop Award for "most played song" for co-writing Saving Abel's "Addicted". Skidd has multiple Dove nominations.

title: Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media

text:
Alan Menken has the most wins (5 times). After him, only James Horner, Howard Ashman and T Bone Burnett have multiple wins (2 each).
Diane Warren has the most nomination with 10, followed by Alan Menken with 9, Babyface with 7, James Horner and T Bone Burnett with 4 each, Madonna, Howard Ashman, Tim Rice and Michael Kamen with 3 each (all of them won at least one Grammy).
Sting is the most nominated artist without wins (nominated 3 times). Stephen Sondheim, Elton John, Elvis Costello and U2 were nominated 2 times without winning.
Babyface was the artist with more nominations in a single year with 3 nominations in 1997 but failed to win the award that year.

title: Grammy Award for Best Southern, Country or Bluegrass Gospel Album

text: Bill Gaither has the most wins in the category, with a total of four: two from his work in the Gaither Vocal Band, and another two in combination with his wife, Gloria. Randy Travis has won one less Grammy than Gaither in this category, with three. Bill Gaither has the most nominations in the category, with eleven; the Light Crust Doughboys have eight, trailing Gaither by three nominations. Kyle Lehning holds the record for most wins as a producer or engineer, with a total of three. Nominated bands include Karen Peck and New River, who were selected in three of the final four years of the Grammy, and the Cathedral Quartet.

title: Grammy Awards and nominations for Whitney Houston

text: Whitney Houston is one of the most successful female singers of all time. Her accomplishments have been recognized with six competitive Grammy Awards, and one Grammy Hall of Fame Award, giving her a total of 7 Grammy Awards. Though she has been nominated twenty-six times and for two times songs performed by her were nominated for Song of the Year. She earned her first Grammy, Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female in 1986, and was honored with two general field Grammys: Album of the Year for "" and Record of the Year for "I Will Always Love You" at its 36th ceremonies in 1994. Below is a list of awards for which she has been nominated and those that she won (the winner in each category has ★ mark).

title: List of awards and nominations received by Ivy Queen

text: At the Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) Awards, Ivy Queen has been given the "Award-Winning Song" award for "Cuéntale", "Te He Querido, Te He Llorado", "Dime", and, most recently in 2012, "La Vida Es Así". "Sentimiento", Ivy Queen's sixth studio album, nominated three times for three different awards, was nominated at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2007 for "Best Urban Music Album", her first Latin Grammy nomination. Queen has received ten nominations from the "Billboard" Latin Music Awards. "Flashback", Ivy Queen's fifth studio album has been nominated a total of three times, while "Drama Queen", her seventh studio album follows with two nominations. As of February 2017, Ivy Queen has received twenty-two awards from forty-eight nominations.

title: List of awards and nominations received by Shakira

text: Shakira is a Colombian singer and songwriter. She began her career in 1990 with Sony Music and has been the most popular Latin acts in the world since the mid-1990s. Shakira has sold an estimated 140 million records worldwide In the United States, she has over 33.5 million estimated records sold in the country. She has won 342 awards from 590 nominations including 3 Grammy Awards and 12 Latin Grammy Awards, making her the most awarded Latin female artist of all time.

title: Grammy Award for Best New Age Album

text: As of the 2018 Grammy Awards, Peter Kater has been nominated a record thirteen times and finally won his first Grammy for Dancing On Water. Between 2004 and 2018 he was nominated every year, except 2006 and holds the record from the most consecutive nominations (11 in a row).

title: Kendrick Lamar

text: Lamar has won twelve Grammy Awards. He received a total of seven nominations at the 56th Grammy Awards in 2014, including Album of the Year for "good kid, m.A.A.d city". At the 57th Grammy Awards in 2015, his single "i" earned him his first two wins: Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance. Lamar received his second Album of the Year nomination at the 58th Grammy Awards for "To Pimp a Butterfly", also leading the list with 11 categories. For the latter, he went on to pass Eminem as the rapper with the most nominations in a single night, and second overall behind Michael Jackson, who holds the record of 12 nominations since 1984. Lamar was the most-awarded artist at the ceremony with five, including Best Rap Album. The rapper appeared for the first time on the "Time" 100 list of most influential people in 2016.

title: Alison Krauss

text: As of 2018, she has won 27 Grammy Awards from 42 nominations, tying her for the second most awarded recipient alongside Quincy Jones, second only to classical conductor Georg Solti, who holds the record for most wins with 31. She is the most awarded singer and the most awarded female artist in Grammy history.

title: List of awards and nominations received by Quincy Jones

text: Quincy Jones has 79 Grammy nominations and won 27 Grammy Awards, tying him with Alison Krauss for the most Grammys for a living person, and second overall. The list below is incomplete.

title: List of awards and nominations received by Frank Sinatra

text: Nominated – Academy Award for Best Original SongThe Grammy Awards began in 1958, after two peaks of Sinatra's recording career had already happened, but Sinatra still won eleven Grammy Awards – his work was nominated over 30 times – in his career and has been presented with the Grammy Hall of Fame Award along with the Academy's highest honours, their Lifetime, and Legend Awards. With three wins he is one of only five artists and groups who have won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year more than once as the main credited artist.

title: List of awards and nominations received by Alison Krauss

text:
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States. As of the 2015 Grammy Awards, Krauss has received 27 awards from 44 nominations. Those 27 wins make her the most awarded singer, the most awarded female artist, and tied for the second most awarded artist overall in Grammy history. At the time of her first award, at the 1991 Grammy Awards, she was the second youngest winner ever (currently tied as ninth youngest).
Founded in 1985, the International Bluegrass Music Association Awards are awarded annually by the International Bluegrass Music Association. Krauss has received 14 awards, including two wins of the top honour: Entertainer of the Year.

title: List of awards and nominations received by Daddy Yankee

text: Puerto Rican rapper Daddy Yankee has won 117 awards from 328 nominations. He has been nominated for nine American Music Awards, 12 Billboard Music Awards, 48 Billboard Latin Music Awards, four Grammy Awards, 16 Latin American Music Awards and 25 Latin Grammy Awards. He has received 21 Billboard Latin Music Awards, seven Billboard Music Awards –the most by any Latin artist–, six Latin Grammy Awards, four Latin American Music Awards, and three American Music Awards.


query: When was Vasco Núñez de Balboa born?

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: Vasco Núñez de Balboa (Spanish pronunciation:[ˈbasko ˈnuɲeθ ðe βalˈβo.a]; c. 1475–around January 12–21, 1519)[1] was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: Vasco Nunez de Balboa was featured on the 1-cent denomination of the Panama-Pacific Exposition of 1913. The 1-cent Balboa paid the one-cent card rate, and it was used in combination with other denominations to meet large weight and foreign destinations. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing issued over 330 million of these to the public.[12]

title: Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: The Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa is an order of Panama, instituted on 1 July 1941 ("Ley No. 94 de 1 de julio de 1941"). It is awarded for distinguished diplomatic services and contributions to international relations between Panama and other states.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: One of the highest orders granted by the Panamanian government to distinguished and outstanding figures, foreign and domestic, is the Orden Vasco Núñez de Balboa, in various degrees, as established by Law 27 from 28 January 1933.

title: Sierra Suroeste

text: A number of well-known conquistadors came from Sierra Suroeste, such as Alonso Rodríguez Santos and Hernando de Soto. Perhaps the most famous of these was Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who was born in Jerez de los Caballeros, and who is best known for conquering Panamá and discovering the Pacific ocean.

title: Panamanian balboa

text: The balboa (sign: B/.; ISO 4217: PAB) is, along with the United States dollar, one of the official currencies of Panama. It is named in honor of the Spanish explorer/conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa. The balboa is subdivided into 100 "centésimos".

title: Núñez de Balboa (Madrid Metro)

text: The station is named after Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: Balboa received the unexpected news of a new kingdom – rich in gold – with great interest. He returned to Santa María at the beginning of 1513 to recruit more men from Hispaniola. There he learned that Fernández de Enciso had told the colonial authorities what had happened at Santa María. After seeing that there would be no assistance from Hispaniola, Balboa sent Enrique de Colmenares directly to Spain to look for help.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: At that point, the rivalry between Balboa and Pedrarias ceased abruptly, due in large part to the intercession of Bishop de Quevedo and Isabel de Bobadilla, who arranged for Balboa's marriage to María de Peñalosa, one of Pedrarias' daughters,[9]:15 who was in Spain. Shortly thereafter, the bishop left for Spain and the marriage took place by proxy (they would never meet because she was in Spain and Balboa would never return to his homeland). The friendship between Pedrarias and Balboa lasted barely two years, but in that time Balboa came to show great filial affection toward his father-in-law.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: Balboa received Pedrarias and his representatives in July 1514 and accepted resignedly his replacement as governor and mayor. The settlers, however, did not like the change and some were planning to take up arms against Pedrarias, even as Balboa showed respect to the new colonial authorities.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: Gaspar de Espinosa, Pedrarias' underling, sailed the South Sea aboard the very ships that Balboa had commissioned. In 1520, Ferdinand Magellan renamed the sea the Pacific Ocean because of its calm waters.

title: Balboa Peninsula, Newport Beach

text:
The Balboa Peninsula (also referred to as "Balboa" or "the Peninsula") is a neighborhood of the city of Newport Beach, Orange County, California. It is named after the Spanish explorer, Vasco Núñez de Balboa.
Balboa is primarily residential but has some commercial areas as well.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: Balboa took advantage of the situation, acting as the spokesman for the disgruntled settlers. He removed Fernández de Enciso from the position of alcalde mayor, using the following legal manoeuvre: Fernández de Enciso was now controlling an area in Veragua, to the west of the Gulf of Urabá; since he was substituting for Alonso de Ojeda, his mandate was illegitimate, because the governor of Veragua was Diego de Nicuesa, not Ojeda; therefore, Fernández de Enciso should be deposed and arrested. After Fernández de Enciso's ouster, a more open government was established and a municipal council was elected (the first in the Americas). Two alcaldes [4] were appointed: Martín Samudio and Vasco Núñez de Balboa.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: SENAN's Base Naval Vasco Nuñez de Balboa in Panama City is named for Balboa.

title: Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: The ribbon is purple with a yellow central stripe.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: As soon as Pedrarias took charge, Gaspar de Espinosa had Balboa arrested and tried "in absentia", sentencing him to pay reparations to Fernández de Enciso and others. He was, however, found innocent of the charge of murdering Nicuesa, so he was freed shortly afterwards.

title: History of Panama (to 1821)

text: Rodrigo de Bastidas, sailing westward from Venezuela in 1501 in search of gold, was the first European to explore the Isthmus of Panama. 10 years later, Vasco Núñez de Balboa visited the Isthmus and established a short-lived settlement in the Darién. Vasco Núñez de Balboa's torturous trek from the Atlantic to the Pacific in 1513 demonstrated that the Isthmus was, indeed, the path between the seas, and Panama quickly became the crossroads and marketplace of Spain's empire in the New World. Gold and silver were brought by ship from South America, hauled across the Isthmus, and loaded aboard ships for Spain. The route became known as the Camino Real, or Royal Road, although it was more commonly known as Camino de Cruces (Road of the Crosses) because the road led to the TOWN of Venta Cruces located on the Rio Chagres.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: The lunar crater Balboa was named after him.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: Spanish colonization of the Americas History Inter caetera Pacific Northwest California Inca Empire Chile Colombia Chibcha Muisca Florida Texas Aztec Empire Maya Chiapas Guatemala Petén Yucatán El Salvador Honduras Nicaragua People Christopher Columbus Alonso de Ojeda Diego de Almagro Pedro de Alvarado Bernal Díaz del Castillo Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar Sebastián de Belalcázar Francisco Vázquez de Coronado Hernán Cortés Luis de Carabajal y Cueva Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada Bartolomé de las Casas Hernán Pérez de Quesada Juan Ponce de León Francisco de Montejo Pánfilo de Narváez Juan de Oñate Francisco de Orellana Pedro de Portocarrero Francisco Pizarro Hernando de Soto Pedro de Valdivia Inés de Suárez Pedro de Candia Juan Pardo Tristán de Luna y Arellano Vasco Núñez de Balboa Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca Amerigo Vespucci Juan de la Cosa Related Encomienda Indian auxiliaries Spanish missions in the Americasvt

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: Before the expedition arrived at San Sebastián de Urabá, Fernández de Enciso discovered Balboa aboard the ship, and threatened to leave him at the first uninhabited island they encountered; he later thought better of this and decided that Balboa's knowledge of that region, which he had explored eight years before, would be of great utility. This, in addition to the crew's pleas for his life, left Fernández de Enciso with no choice but to spare Balboa and keep him aboard. Moreover, both agreed on removing Nicuesa as governor of Veragua.

title: Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: There are 5 ranks in the order:

title: Balboa High School (California)

text: Balboa High School is named for 16th-century Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Founded in 1928, campus construction was completed in 1931.

title: Balboa Park (San Diego)

text: After a 1910 contest to rename City Park, the park was named after Vasco Núñez de Balboa, the first European to cross Central America and see the Pacific Ocean.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: Balboa was born in Jerez de los Caballeros, Spain. He was a descendant of the Lord mason of the castle of Balboa, on the borders of León and Galicia. His mother was the Lady de Badajoz, and his father was the hidalgo (nobleman), Nuño Arias de Balboa. Little is known of Vasco's early childhood except that he was the third of four boys in his family. During his adolescence, he served as a page and squire to Don Pedro de Portocarrero, lord of Moguer.

title: Acla

text: The town was established principally to be the Caribbean anchor of a trail that was planned to lead to a future town on the Gulf of San Miguel on the Pacific Ocean, which had recently been discovered by Vasco Núñez de Balboa. This town is mostly famous because it was the site of the judgement and decapitation of Núñez de Balboa in 1519 at the hands of Governor Dávila.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: Although Balboa suffered a premature death, his actions and deeds are remembered by history as the first European to cross America. Several parks and avenues throughout Panama bear the name "Vasco Núñez de Balboa," and a number of monuments honour his discovery of the South Sea. The Panamanian currency is called the Balboa, and his likeness appears on the obverse of most Panamanian coins. His name is also attached to Panama City's main port, Balboa (the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal) and the Balboa District within Panamá Province to which the Pearl Islands that he discovered belong. In San Francisco, California, USA, Balboa's name appears among a row of avenues which are named after Spanish conquistadors and in a San Francisco neighborhood Balboa Park. There is also a large park (Balboa Park) adjacent to downtown San Diego, California which was named after Balboa in 1910.[11] Balboa's name is also honoured in Madrid with a street and a metro station.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: Balboa appears in the lyrics to The Great Nations of Europe by composer/singer Randy Newman.

title: Vasco Núñez de Balboa

text: Balboa's trial began in January, 1519, and on the fifteenth of that month, Espinosa sentenced him to death by decapitation. Four of Balboa's friends, Fernando de Argüello, Luis Botello, Hernán Muñoz, and Andrés Valderrábano, accused as accomplices, were sentenced to the same fate. The sentence was to be carried out in Acla, to show that the conspiracy had its roots in that colony.

title: Spanish conquest of Nicaragua

text: In the south, the Spanish established themselves in Castilla de Oro (modern Panama), when Vasco Núñez de Balboa founded Santa María la Antigua in 1511. In 1513, while exploring westwards, Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean, and in 1519 Pedrarias Dávila founded Panama City on the Pacific coast. The focus soon turned to exploring south along the Pacific coast towards South America.

title: Les Cayes

text: The island of what was known by the Spanish as Hispaniola was inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous peoples. The first European settlement in the southwest area was the town of "Salvatierra de la Sabana", founded by the Spanish explorer Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar in 1504. Vasco Núñez de Balboa was a co-founder of this town and lived there for several years trying to raise pigs as a business. Balboa gave up that enterprise and left the town hiding in a barrel of a Spanish expedition going to explore the Gulf of Uraba, Panama. Vasco Núñez de Balboa, later on September 25, 1513 would discover the South Sea, today known as the Pacific Ocean. This settlement was abandoned in 1540.


query: What is the typical Pacific typhoon season?

title: 2019 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2019 Pacific typhoon season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season runs throughout 2019, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Pabuk, developed on January 1, becoming the earliest-forming tropical storm of the western Pacific Ocean on record.

title: 1985 Pacific typhoon season

text: A total of 29 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 28 became tropical storms. 17 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which one typhoon reached super typhoon strength. The strongest cyclone of the season, Dot, reached category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale to the east of the Philippines. Typhoon Cecil was the deadliest storm of the season, accounting for nearly half of the deaths from western Pacific tropical cyclones in 1985.

title: 1999 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 1999 Pacific typhoon season was the last Pacific typhoon season to use English names as storm names. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1999, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

title: Typhoon Rammasun (2008)

text: Typhoon Rammasun, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Butchoy, was recognized as the second typhoon of the 2008 Pacific typhoon season by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). Rammasun was also recognised as the third tropical storm, the second typhoon and the first super typhoon of the 2008 Pacific typhoon season by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).

title: 1951 Pacific typhoon season

text: The season began with the formation of a short-lived unnamed tropical storm on February 19, well east of the Philippines; Typhoon Georgia became the season's first named storm and typhoon after first developing in the open Pacific on March 20. In April, Typhoon Iris developed before intensifying into a super typhoon the following month; Iris was the first recorded instance of a Category 5-equivalent typhoon in the western Pacific. The final typhoon and storm of the year was Typhoon Babs, which remained at sea before dissipating on December 17.

title: 2000 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2000 Pacific typhoon season marked the first year using names contributed by the World Meteorological Organization. It was a rather below-average season, producing a total of 23 tropical storms, 13 typhoons and 4 intense typhoons. The season ran throughout 2000, though typically most tropical cyclones develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Damrey, developed on May 7, while the season's last named storm, Soulik, dissipated on January 4 of the next year.

title: 2015 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2015 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced 27 tropical storms, 18 typhoons, and nine super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2015, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and November. The season's first named storm, Mekkhala, developed on January 15, while the season's last named storm, Melor, dissipated on December 17. The season saw at least one named tropical system forming in each of every month, the first time since 1965. Similar to the previous season, this season saw a high number of super typhoons. Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) during 2015 was extremely high, the second highest since the 1970, and the 2015 ACE has been attributed in part to anthropogenic warming.

title: 1981 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 1981 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced 29 tropical storms, 13 typhoons and two intense typhoons. The season ran throughout 1981, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Freda, developed on March 12 while the final storm, Lee, dissipated on December 29. Tropical cyclones only accounted for 12 percent of the rainfall in Hong Kong this season, the lowest percentage for the protectorate since 1972.

title: 1967 Pacific typhoon season

text: During the 1967 Pacific typhoon season, 40 tropical depressions formed, of which 35 became tropical storms. Twenty tropical storms attained typhoon intensity, and five of the typhoons reached super typhoon intensity.

title: Typhoon

text: The most active Western Pacific typhoon season was in 1964, when 39 storms of tropical storm strength formed. Only 15 seasons had 30 or more storms developing since reliable records began. The least activity seen in the northwest Pacific Ocean was during the 2010 Pacific typhoon season, when only 14 tropical storms and seven typhoons formed. In the Philippines, the most active season, since 1945, for tropical cyclone strikes was 1993 when nineteen tropical cyclones moved through the country. There was only one tropical cyclone that moved through the Philippines in 1958. The 2004 Pacific typhoon season was the busiest for Okinawa since 1957. Within Guangdong in southern China, during the past thousand years, the most active decades for typhoon strikes were the 1660s and 1670s.

title: 2005 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2005 Pacific typhoon season was the least active typhoon season since 2000, featuring only 24 tropical storms, 13 typhoons and three super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2005, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Kulap, developed on January 15, while the season's last named storm, Bolaven, dissipated on November 20.

title: 2006 Pacific typhoon season

text: Throughout the season, many typhoons made landfall at a higher intensity. Typhoon Saomai was the most powerful typhoon to strike China for over 50 years, as a Category 4 typhoon, responsible for over 400 deaths. Typhoon Shanshan struck Japan and became the costliest typhoon this season with a total damage of about $2.5 billion. The Philippines got hit by a total of six typhoons, which saw the highest number since 1974. All six typhoons were responsible for over 1,000 casualties and several millions of damages. Typhoon Ioke, which formed from the Central Pacific, entered the basin and became the strongest Central Pacific hurricane. Moreover, it was stated that the ratio of intense typhoons was 0.73, which was the highest since 1970.[1]

title: 1973 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 1973 Pacific typhoon season was the latest start to the typhoon season on record. It had no official bounds, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

title: 1977 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 1977 Pacific typhoon season was one of the least active Pacific typhoon seasons on record, with only 19 tropical storms forming. It was also the second of three known typhoon seasons during the satellite era (since 1960) to not produce a Category 5 equivalent super typhoon. (After the 1974 season and the 2017 season) The season's first storm, Severe Tropical Storm Patsy, formed on March 23 and the last, Typhoon Mary, dissipated on January 2, 1978. With Mary spanning two calendar years, it became the fourth typhoon to do so since 1945. Since then, two other typhoons have achieved this feat.

title: 2017 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2017 Pacific typhoon season was a below-average season in terms of Accumulated Cyclone Energy and the number of typhoons and super typhoons, and the first and latest since the 1977 season to not produce a Category 5-equivalent typhoon on the Saffir-Simpson scale. The season produced a total of 27 named storms, 11 typhoons, and only two super typhoons, making it an average season in terms of storm numbers. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season runs throughout 2017, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Muifa, developed on April 25, while the season's last named storm, Tembin, dissipated on December 26. This season also featured the latest occurrence of the first typhoon of the year since 1998, with Noru reaching this intensity on July 23.

title: 2018 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2018 Pacific typhoon season was an above-average season producing 29 storms, 13 typhoons and 7 super typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2018, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Bolaven, developed on January 3, while the season's last named storm, Man-yi, dissipated on November 28. The season's first typhoon, Jelawat, reached typhoon status on March 29, and became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day.

title: Typhoon Hagupit (2008)

text: Typhoon Hagupit, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Nina, is recognised as the 14th Tropical Storm, the 12th Severe Tropical Storm and the 10th Typhoon of the 2008 Pacific typhoon season by the Japan Meteorological Agency who are the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre for the North Western Pacific. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center have also recognised Hagupit as the 11th typhoon, 16th tropical storm, and the 18th tropical depression of the 2008 Pacific typhoon season.

title: 2016 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2016 Pacific typhoon season had the fifth-latest start for a Pacific typhoon season since reliable records began. It was an average season, with a total of 26 named storms, 13 typhoons, and six super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2016, though typically most tropical cyclones develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Nepartak, developed on July 3, while the season's last named storm, Nock-ten, dissipated on December 28.

title: 2006 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2006 Pacific typhoon season was a near-average season that produced a total of 23 named storms, 15 typhoons, and six super typhoons. The season ran throughout 2006, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Chanchu, developed on May 9, while the season's last named storm, Trami, dissipated on December 20. Also, this season was more active, costly, and deadly than the previous season.

title: 1940–49 Pacific typhoon seasons

text: The 1940–49 Pacific typhoon seasons featured the 1941–44 Pacific typhoon seasons, Typhoon Cobra and others. The seasons had no official bounds, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

title: 2010 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2010 Pacific typhoon season was the least active Pacific typhoon season on record, featuring only 14 named storms; seven of them strengthened into typhoons while one reached super typhoon intensity. The Pacific typhoon season during 2010 was in fact less active than the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season, the only such occurrence other than 2005. In the same year, the Pacific hurricane season broke the same record being the least active season on record. During the season no storms have made landfall in mainland Japan, the only second such occurrence since 1988. Also, all of the 14 named storms developed west of 150°E. Moreover, the season had an index total Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) of 115, which is the second lowest in the basin after 1999. It was also the fourth consecutive year with a below average ACE index.

title: Typhoon Oliwa

text: Typhoon Oliwa was one of eleven super typhoons in the western Pacific, which is tied to the previous record of eleven; a typical typhoon season has four super typhoons. The period of heightened activity was the result of one of the most powerful El Niño events on record. The track Oliwa was unusual, due to its origin as a cyclone from the central Pacific Ocean and its path over the Northern Marianas Islands and Japan. The typhoon was one of only two during the season to undergo explosive deepening, which is a decrease in barometric pressure of ≥2.5 mbar per hour for a period of at least 12 hours. In 24 hours, the pressure dropped 69 mbar, which averages 2.9 mbar per hour; such values are usually estimated in the western Pacific using the Dvorak technique.

title: 1940–49 Pacific typhoon seasons

text: The typhoon seasons listed here are limited to typhoons the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes: see 1940–1948 Pacific hurricane seasons. Tropical storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.

title: 2013 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2013 Pacific typhoon season was the most active Pacific typhoon season since 2004, as well as the deadliest since 1975. It was an above-average season with 31 named storms, 13 typhoons, and five super typhoons. The season's first named storm, Sonamu, developed on January 4 while the season's last named storm, Podul, dissipated on November 15. Most of the first seventeen named storms before mid-September were relatively weak, as only two of them reached the typhoon strength.

title: 1945 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 1945 Pacific typhoon season was the first official season to be included in the West Pacific typhoon database. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1945, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

title: 2014 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2014 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average season, featuring 23 tropical storms, 11 typhoons, and 8 super typhoons. The season's peak months August and September saw minimal activity caused by an unusually strong and a persistent suppressing phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). The season ran throughout 2014, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season began with the development of Tropical Storm Lingling on January 18, and ended after Tropical Storm Jangmi which dissipated on January 1 of the next year.

title: 2010 Pacific typhoon season

text: Since the 2000 Pacific typhoon season, the Tropical Storm Risk Consortium (TSR) of the University College of London have issued forecasts of activity for each upcoming typhoon season. Forecasts on the number of tropical storms, typhoons and intense typhoons there would be during 2010 in the Western Pacific were released in March, May, July and August. In its March forecast TSR predicted that the season would see activity close to the average with 26 tropical storms, 16 typhoons and seven intense typhoons developing during the season. In its May forecast, while lowering their initial prediction for the amount of tropical storms and typhoons, TSR continued to predict that the season would see activity close to the average, with 24 tropical storms, 15 typhoons and nine intense typhoons developing during the season. In its July forecast TSR significantly lowered their forecast and reported that they now expected activity to be 20% below average, with 23 tropical storms 14 typhoons and seven intense typhoons developing during the season. In its August forecast TSR predicted that activity would be 25% – 30% below average with 23 tropical storms, 13 typhoons and six intense typhoons developing during the season. TSR also predicted that if their August forecast came true then the season would be in the lowest 25% of seasons.

title: 2005 Pacific typhoon season

text: Although the season was quiet, some typhoons caused extensive damages in many places, especially in China where eight typhoons struck the country. First, Typhoon Haitang became the strongest storm in the basin this year and caused about $1 billion in damages in Taiwan and China in mid July. In August, Typhoon Matsa made landfall in Eastern China and caused about $2.2 billion in damages. Later that same month, two powerful typhoons made landfall, causing extreme damage and some casualties. Similar to Haitang, Typhoon Longwang made landfall in Taiwan and China at a strong intensity causing damages. The season also marked the first time the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was more active than the Pacific typhoon season (the other being 2010). However, the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season featured record high activity while the Pacific typhoon season featured near average activity.

title: 1959 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 1959 Pacific typhoon season was regarded as one of the most devastating years for Pacific typhoons on record, with China, Japan and South Korea sustaining catastrophic losses.

title: 2011 Pacific typhoon season

text: The 2011 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average season that produced a total of 21 named storms, 8 typhoons, and four super typhoons. This season was much more active than the previous season, although both seasons were below the Pacific typhoon average of 26. The season ran throughout 2011, though most tropical cyclone tend to develop between May and October. The season’s first named storm, Aere, developed on May 7 while the season’s last named storm, Washi dissipated on December 19.