query: Can you mine clay?

title: Clay pit

text: A clay pit is a quarry or mine for the extraction of clay, which is generally used for manufacturing pottery, bricks or Portland cement. Quarries where clay is mined to make bricks are sometimes called brick pits.[1]

title: Mining engineering

text: Strip mining is done on softer minerals such as clays and phosphate are removed through use of mechanical shovels, track dozers, and front end loaders. Softer Coal seams can also be extracted this way.

title: Clay Dyer

text: Clay Dyer (born May 23, 1978 in Hamilton, Alabama) is a professional sport bass fisherman. Dyer was born without any lower limbs, no arm on the left side and a partial arm on the right. His motto for life is "If I can, you can."

title: Drury Run

text: Coal mining and clay mining has been done in the watersheds of all four of the named tributaries of Drury Run. Underground mining of coal and clay in the Drury Run watershed began in the late 1800s and went on until 1940. Surface mining in the watershed was done between the 1940s and the 1980s.

title: Raku ware

text: Naked Raku is done by coating a section of the exterior of the piece with the slip taping off anywhere on the piece that you want to turn black after reduction. Then you place the piece directly into the kiln and slowly heat up to about 500 degrees Fahrenheit until the slip has dried. Once dry continue heating until 1400 degrees Fahrenheit. When you reach temperature you can pull the piece from the kiln and place the piece into the reduction chamber. In reduction the carbon will soak into the clay where the slip has cracked and turn black, but where the slip is stuck on the clay will keep its natural color. Once the piece has cooled enough you can use your finger nails or a credit card to chip off the slip and reveal the design.

title: Toddler

text:
At one year of age, the typical toddler will be able to display the following skills:"If I want it, it's mine.
If I give it to you and change my mind later, it's mine.
If I can take it away from you, it's mine.
If I had it a little while ago, it's mine.
If it's mine it will never belong to anyone else, no matter what.
If we are building something together, all the pieces are mine.
If it looks like mine, it's mine."

title: Yixing ware

text: Yixing clay () is a type of clay from the region near the city of Yixing in Jiangsu Province, China, used in Chinese pottery since the Song dynasty (960–1279) when Yixing clay was first mined around China's Lake Tai. From the 17th century on, Yixing wares were commonly exported to Europe. The finished stoneware, which is used for teaware and other small items, is usually red or brown in color. Also known as zisha () ware, they are typically left unglazed and use clays that are very cohesive and can form coils, slabs and most commonly slip casts. These clays can also be formed by throwing. The best known wares made from Yixing clay are Yixing clay teapots, tea pets, and other teaware.

title: You Can Take What's Mine

text: You Can Take What's Mine, is the second extended play from Brisbane band George and first non-self-released EP.. The EP was released in 1999.

title: Bomberman Hardball

text: Tennis has doubles and singles modes on clay, hard and grass courts. You can play through an exhibition match, selecting the number of sets and games, or you can try out the tournament where you play against a series of opponents.

title: New Galilee, Pennsylvania

text: Clay was an abundant resource in Beaver county. According to the 1955 circular of the Pennsylvania Geological Survey, In 1955 Beaver County produced 13.7% of Pennsylvania's total clay output. There were 13 companies that mined clay in Beaver county at that time. Two of these companies, The Negley Fire Clay Co. and Ralph A. Veon, Inc. mined fire clay of the plastic variety from open pits and marketed the output for use in manufacturing fire brick and block, foundries, and heavy clay products. In addition, Ralph A. Veon, Inc., mined and sold fire clay of the burley variety. In 1955, New Castle Refractories mined stoneware clay from an underground mine near New Galilee for use locally in manufacturing pouring channels

title: Jainism and non-creationism

text: According to Jainism, causes are of two types – "Upādanā kārana" (substantial or material cause) and "Nimitta kārana" (instrumental cause). "Upādanā kārana" is always identical with its effect. For example, out of clay, you can only produce a clay pot; hence the clay is the "upādanā kārana" or material cause and clay pot its effect. Wherever the effect is present, the cause is present and vice versa. The effect is always present in latent form in the material cause. For transforming the clay to pot, the potter, the wheel, the stick and other operating agents are required that are merely nimitta or instrumental cause or catalysts in transformation. The material cause always remains the clay. Hence the cause and effect are always entirely identical in nature. Potter cannot be the material cause of pot. If this were the case, then Potter might as well prepare the pot without any clay. But this is not so. Thus a clay pot can only be made from clay; gold ornaments can be made only from gold. Similarly the different modes of existence of a soul are a result of activities of soul itself. There cannot be any contradiction or exceptions.

title: Tonstein

text: The induration of tonsteins is in contrast to kaolin claystones that can be mined for kaolin clay, such as the ball clays found at Bovey Tracey which formed by the erosion of a nearby kaolinised granite. These deposits are generally softer, white, and plastic.

title: Ughill

text: The fire brick company Thomas Wragg & Sons owned a Pot Clay mine immediately to the south east of the hamlet. Pot Clay is the impure version of Ganister and was in demand in the Sheffield steel industry to make bricks for the lining of furnaces. In the early 1970s the mine was producing 15,000 tons of clay per year, with the company quoting, “The mine can be worked at the present rate for 100 years”. A refractory brick works stood at the entrance to the mine. However the Ughill mine had drainage problems and although powerful pumps had been installed in the 1950s to pump between 600 and 800 gallons per minute from the mine, the mine closed on 17 November 1977. It had become uneconomic to mine the clay due to water problems and the owners found it more profitable to bring in clay from the Midlands. The site of the mine has been landscaped and returned to agricultural use. J&J Dyson mined fireclay at their open cast quarry at Wheatshire between Ughill and Sugworth. The quarry is closed but can still be seen from the nearby road. Thos. Wragg had small firebrick works at Load Brook (closed 1957) and Brookside (Stopes Road, Stannington, closed 1960) the former previously owned by the Trickett family, the latter by the Drabble family and a major works (Old Wheel Brick Works) in the nearby Loxley Valley. Wraggs along with its local competitors, J&J Dyson of Griffs Works, Stannington and Thos. Marshall of Storrs Bridge Works, Loxley, mined the Stannington Pot Clay seam and manufactured fireclay-based casting pit holloware refractories for use in steel making worldwide. All three plants closed following a collapse in demand for casting pit refractories of the type made locally mainly because of the introduction of continuous casting of steel worldwide and the general demise of the British steel industry.

title: Purbeck Mineral and Mining Museum

text: After the closure of Eldon sidings all clay exports were via lorry. For several years the clay was carried from the mines across the A351 by trains to the "Lorry Drop". It was realised that the lorries could take the clay directly from the mines and the cost of maintaining a railway system avoided. The transhipment buildings were raised to accommodate the lorries beneath them and in the early 1970s the railway system sold partly into preservation and the rest scrapped. Use of narrow gauge railways continued underground at Norden No 6 & 7 mines until all mining operations ceased in 1999.

title: Mineral del Monte

text: Acosta mine began operations in 1727 and maintains its productive activity until 1985. Today it has become an important museum where you can learn about its history and relevant aspects of mining work. On the site are vestiges and architectural installations, testimony of its historical stages: the colony, immigration and British investment in the region by starting the steam era and the advent of electricity with US investors. You will visit inside the mine where you will meet a vein of silver, after a historical overview of the work of mining.

title: Landon T. Clay

text: Clay graduated from Harvard in 1950 with a B.A. in English. Clay was the chairman of Eaton Vance Corporation from 1971 to 1997 and had been a director of ADE Corporation since 1970 – a mutual fund management and distribution company. Clay served as chairman of the East Hill Management LLC, which is an investment advisory firm that he had founded in 1997. Clay has been a director for the Dakota Mining corporation since 1990 and was a former director for the Golden Queen Mining Company Ltd. from 2006 to 2009. In addition from 1971 to 1997, Clay had served on the board of Museum of Fine Arts. Clay had also served as a director for Plasso Technology Limited.

title: Melsbach

text:
The first reference to the village's name occurs in 1267 as "Melszbach" as part of a county that the earl Gottfried von Eppstein, the Younger, had to sell away. In 1396, the "Kreuzkirche" (church-of-the-cross) chapel was built and first mentioned in 1399 in curatorial documents. The chapel belonged to the St. Thomas monastery (a woman's diocese) of Andernach and it was a famous pilgrimage destination from the beginning. Today, the ruins of the Kreuzkirche reside at the southern entrance to the village and have become a tourist attraction and popular panorama motif.
In 1789, vast clay fields were found, containing both white and colored clay rich in siderite. It was also discovered that the clay contained high amounts of precious alum. The alum mining lasted until 1880; clay mining lasted until the late 1960s. Today's "soccer hill" at the south entrance of Melsbach, opposite to the Kreuzkirche, is the result of a huge scree slope. Only a winding tower marks the place where the mines´ entrance once was. The tower has become a local emblem and can still be visited, though not climbed. The clay of Melsbach is described as "highly fireproof" and "of remarkable quality, often preferred for ceramic".

title: Soil texture

text: Determining soil texture is often aided with the use of a soil texture triangle. An example of a soil triangle is found on the right side of the page. One side of the triangle represents percent sand, the second side represents percent clay, and the third side represents percent silt. If you know the percentages of sand, clay, and silt in your soil sample, the triangle can be used to determine which of the twelve soil types you have. To do this, find your percentage of sand along the bottom of the triangle. Then follow the slanted line up to the left until you reach your percentage of clay. Where that point is will tell you what soil type you have. For example, if your soil is 70 percent sand and 10 percent clay then your soil is classified as a sandy loam. The same method can be used starting on any side of the soil triangle. If the texture by feel method was used to determine which type of soil you had, the triangle can also provide a rough estimate on the percentages of sand, silt, and clay in your soil.

title: Actions of St Eloi Craters

text:
There was no British army mining organisation in 1914, except for a short course for Royal Engineers but after the First Battle of Ypres in 1914, siege warfare and mining began and the British realised that the "Field and Siege Companies RE" were in too great a demand to provide men for mining. On 3 December, Lieutenant-General Henry Rawlinson asked for a specialist battalion of sappers and miners and on 28 December the War Office was requested to send kickers, civilian specialists in tunnelling through clay. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was ordered to form Brigade Mining Sections with miners and tunnellers already in the army. In February 1915, it was decided to form eight tunnelling companies from civilians recruited in Britain and transfers from the army. Another twelve companies were formed later in 1915, one in 1916, a Canadian Tunnelling Company was formed in December 1915, two more arrived in France in March 1916 and a New Zealand and three Australian tunnelling companies arrived in May.
Counter-mining activity by the Tunnelling Companies RE began at St Eloi in the spring of 1915. Much of the mining in this sector was done by the 177th Tunnelling Company and the 172nd Tunnelling Company. The Ypres area has a shallow soil layer of loam or sand above waterlogged semi-liquid sand and patches of sand and clay called slurry. Beneath the second layer is a thick seam of blue clay. The early mining took place above the blue clay which put very heavy pressures of water and wet sand on the underground works. In August the digging of galleries had begun to be ready by the end of June 1916. Both sides spent 1915 mining and counter-mining, the British springing and against mines and In September, Brigadier-General George Fowke the Engineer in Chief, proposed a mining offensive in the blue clay underground. Since the Germans were on the higher ground, galleries could be driven horizontally into the blue clay from shafts about back from the front line. By January 1916, the 172nd Tunnelling Company had sunk shafts into the blue clay and began to dig galleries under the German front position. After the Second Army offensive in the summer of 1916 was postponed the mining offensive was made even more ambitious, with a plan to mine Messines Ridge.

title: Growing Up in the Universe

text: Using labeled building blocks, Dawkins shows the audience how designed objects came to be. He starts off by placing the simple block on the bottom, and explaining that you don't have to start with a complex being, but can start with a very simple foundation. If you have a simple foundation, you can place the next block on top - the designoid block. From this block, you can get complex organisms. Only after complex designoid objects come to be can you get the final building block of design (microscopes, clay pots, etc.).

title: Long Valley Caldera

text: Hydrothermal activity has altered many rocks in the caldera, transforming them into travertine and clay. At the Huntley clay mine white chalky clay called kaolinite is mined; the kaolinite is exposed on the resurgent dome and appears as a brilliant white band.

title: Wiesloch Feldbahn and Industrial Museum

text: At the highest point of the museum there is a working bucket chain excavator built in 1948 and previously used by a mine in Wasserberg, Bavaria until 1976. The bucket chain excavator arrived at the museum in October 2010, allowing the opening of a clay pit exhibition area in 2012, and is now operated by a three-phase electric motor. These machines can be used to demonstrate traditional clay, sand and gravel mining techniques.

title: Ceramics of indigenous peoples of the Americas

text: The clay body is a necessary component of pottery. Clay must be mined and purified in an often laborious process, and certain tribes have ceremonial protocols to gathering clay. Different tribes have different processes for processing clay, which can include drying in the sun, soaking in water for days, and repeatedly running through a screen or sieve. Acoma and other Pueblo pottery traditionally pound dry clay into a powder and then remove impurities by hand, then running the dry powder through a screen, mixing it with a dry temper, and then mixing water to create a plastic paste. In preparing the clay, potters spend hours wedging it to remove air pockets and humidity that could easily cause it to explode during firing. The clay then needs to "cure" over time.

title: Frank Stephenson

text: Stephenson's process progresses from sketch pad, to computer graphics, to clay models, and finally test models. He says the advantage of working with clay is that you can feel the transitions and feel where there is too much surface or more surface needed. He suggests that you could almost design a car blind, because "you don't have to see it, you have to feel it, and by feeling it you feel if it's right or it's not right".

title: Zacke Cox Covered Bridge

text: Northwest of the mine is an old clay strip mine and coal and slate outcroppings can be viewed south of the bridge.

title: Taylor, Washington

text: Taylor was laid out in 1893 as a company town by the Denny Clay Company after a railway was built in the area in 1892. The Denny Clay Company and its successors both mined clay and produced clay products in Taylor, which were then transported via rail. Coal was also mined in Taylor, which in turn could be used in the furnaces used to dry the clay. Besides the mine, factory and housing, the town was also home to a hotel, saloon and a post office called Taylor was established in 1904 which remained in operation until 1944.

title: Fireclay Caverns

text: The Fireclay Caverns were excavated to supply clay to brickworks of the Mount Morgan Mine. Clay was mined from within the caverns by pick and shovel, then transferred by underground rail to a brickworks lower in the Mount Morgan Mine site. Excavation from the caverns ceased when their clay was no longer required by the mine.

title: Residence time

text: Groundwater flow is important parameter for consideration in the design of waste rock basins for mining operations. Waste rock is heterogeneous material with particles varying from boulders to clay-sized particles, and it contains sulfidic pollutants which must be controlled such that they do not compromise the quality of the water table and also so the runoff does not create environmental problems in the surrounding areas. Aquitards are clay zones that can have such a degree of impermeability that they partially or completely retard water flow. These clay lenses can slow or stop seepage into the water table, although if an aquitard is fractured and contaminated then it can become a long-term source of groundwater contamination due to its low permeability and high HRT.

title: Surya Sadashiva Temple

text:
This small temple located in a remote village of Dakshina Kannada District was little known, until a special news report aired by a local news channel highlighted the religious importance and sanctity of this place. Whereas many devotional places have expensive offerings being specified by the temples and the priests, you can impress this god by just offering a structure made of clay, in return to fulfilling your wishes. The clay structures to be offered once your wishes are fulfilled and what other than the actual clay offerings made by devotees lying in the temple, can give you the evidence of sanctity of this deity. You can make a wish either by visiting the temple or sitting at your home. Once your wishes are fulfilled, all you need to offer is a small idol or doll made of clay that replicates or represents what you wished for. For instance, if you wish for a child, you can offer the replica of a cradle or the small doll that represents the child.
One can find thousands of tiny clay idols and structures being offered to god lying near a small place near the temple, which is believed to be the original place where lord Sadashiva Rudra appeared and blessed his devotees.
There are replicas of multistory buildings, cows and calves, cradle, couple, cars, currency notes, even computers and gadgets lying, which are offered by devotees, whose wishes are fulfilled.

title: Middlebere Plateway

text: The site of the clay works at Norden is now the location of the Norden station of the Swanage Railway, a heritage railway that has taken over the track of the Wareham to Swanage main line railway. The station is currently the northern terminus of the line, and the land of old clay processing works now provides a park and ride site whereby visitors can park at Norden and ride the train to Corfe Castle or Swanage. The Purbeck Mineral and Mining Museum is open and is dedicated to Purbeck clay industry and its associated tramways on the Norden site. The old Foreman's Office has been restored and is at the entrance and a relocated Mine building has been erected and a simulated mine tunnel and ball clay face completed to give the visitor a real experience of going down a mine.


query: When was Guy Martin born?

title: Guy Martin

text: Martin was born on 4 November 1981 in a suburb of Grimsby, Lincolnshire, England.[11] He was named Guy in tribute to Guy Gibson of No. 617 Squadron RAF.[12] His father Ian was a successful privateer motorbike racer who had competed in several Isle of Man TT events, but he was forced to supplement his income with a job as a lorry mechanic, additionally selling bikes. His mother, Rita Kidals, was of Latvian heritage, her father having come to Britain in 1947 as a political refugee. Soon after Martin's birth, the family moved to a house outside the town, where they remained, having four children in total.

title: I'm in Love with a Wonderful Guy

text: Rodgers and Hammerstein were as inspired by Mary Martin's personality as they were by the character of Nellie Forbush to write this song. They introduced it to Mary Martin one night when they were at Joshua Logan's house fine-tuning the script. Hammerstein wrote this song to express the exuberance of Nellie's character at this point in the show, and it carried over to Mary Martin's performance of it. Mary Martin was so thrilled that when she sang it on stage, she performed cartwheels on the stage at every turn of "I'm in love."

title: Mac (Green Wing)

text: Although they get on for most of the time, Mac normally steps in to stop Guy from bullying Martin. When Guy lies to Martin about passing his exams, Mac throws coffee over him and then hits Guy’s head against the lockers, before making the half-brothers hug and make up.

title: Kenyon Martin

text:
Martin and teammate Alonzo Mourning almost fought when Martin mocked Mourning's life-threatening kidney disease. Martin later admitted that he had made a mistake and apologized to Mourning. On an episode of the Scoop B Radio Podcast, Martin told Brandon Scoop B Robinson that Mourning thought that Martin should have been working as hard as he was in morning shootarounds, but he was never a shootaround guy.
Martin now participates in Mourning's annual charity basketball game (see below "Off the court").

title: Worst Episode Ever

text: Bart and Milhouse go out to spend $50 that Bart won when he bet Homer that he could not eat a box of rotten baking soda that Lisa dug out of the back of the refrigerator. But they get into trouble at The Android's Dungeon when, after talking Martin Prince's mom out of selling Martin's rare and invaluable "Star Wars" items to Comic Book Guy for only five dollars, they are banned for life from Comic Book Guy's store.

title: Guy Martin

text: Martin starred in Closer to the Edge, a 2011 documentary on TT racing. He has since presented programmes on various engineering topics and the Channel 4 series Speed with Guy Martin when he set speed records in a variety of human and engine powered vehicles. He has authored three books, and competed in mountain bike pedal-cycle races.

title: Speed with Guy Martin

text: Speed with Guy Martin is a British documentary series for Channel 4, presented by Guy Martin, and narrated by Shaun Dooley.

title: Guy Martin

text: Martin has written three books about his life, releasing his autobiography, Guy Martin: My Autobiography, on 8 May 2014.[28] It reached No.1 in the Sunday Times bestseller list and remained there for at least six weeks,[29] and eventually became the second best selling autobiography of 2014.[13] This was followed by Guy Martin: When You Dead, You Dead, released on 22 October 2015, and covering the previous year in diary format, from the 24-hour Solo World Mountain Bike Championship to the Isle of Man TT.[30] It was listed No.1 in online retailer Amazon's sales figures for celebrity autobiographies in November 2015, with his main autobiography being No.10.[31] October 2016 saw the release of his latest book, titled "Guy Martin: Worms to Catch" featuring Guy's thoughts on the past year and upcoming challenges.

title: Mac (Green Wing)

text: Mac often ends up helping Martin when he is in trouble, or is being bullied by Guy. When Guy lies to Martin about passing his exams, Mac forces Guy to apologise after Mac pours coffee over him and bangs his head against a locker.

title: Ernest H. Martin

text: Ernest Harold Martin (born Ernest Harold Markowitz; August 28, 1919 – May 8, 1995) was an American Broadway producer who wrote the book for a musical, owned a Broadway theater and produced motion pictures, including"Guys and Dolls", "How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying","A Chorus Line" and "Cabaret" (1972 film nominated for 10 Oscars). Best known for such hits as "Guys and Dolls", "How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying", and "Cabaret", Martin left his mark on American and international theatre and screen.

title: Shooting of Trayvon Martin

text: The only eyewitness to the end of the confrontation stated that Martin was on top of Zimmerman and punching him, while Zimmerman was yelling for help. This witness, who identified himself as "John", stated that "the guy on the bottom, who had a red sweater on, was yelling to me, 'Help! Help!' and I told him to stop, and I was calling 911". He went on to say that when he got upstairs and looked down, "the guy who was on the top beating up the other guy, was the one laying in the grass, and I believe he was dead at that point."

title: Mike Martin (defensive lineman)

text: Martin has credited his wrestling technique with helping him against bigger opponents: "It's leverage; it's getting under a guy. Just knowing if a guy is on his heels or toes on the line, you're able to feel if he's on his base or not. In wrestling, that's a big aspect of it, because you've got to be able to feel the different motions of a guy." Martin has also credited wrestling with improving his foot and hand speed.

title: Green Wing

text:
Sue's jealousy of Caroline reaches new extreme, to the extent of attempted murder, most notably with a cross bow. Both women are devastated to find that Mac is intending to move to Sheffield with his new girlfriend to take up a consultancy position, and won't even be swayed by Sue's offer to kill off one of the consultants at East Hampton in order to create a vacancy. Before he leaves, Mac bets Guy that he would not be able to sleep with Joanna, so Guy picks her up at the leaving party. A the same party, Caroline accuses Emily of being a fake, which turn out to be a misunderstanding, but still achieves its ultimate aim as Emily breaks up with Mac, disgusted that he found the whole affair funny. Mac finds Caroline alone in the hospital and comforts her by telling her three things he felt when she accused Emily, replacing the last with a kiss.
As they are about to leave, Caroline and Mac find out that something has happened at Guy's flat. They arrive to find that Martin had burst into Guy's flat to tell him that Joanna was in fact his birth mother, which he discovered when reading Guy's mail that morning. Guy had subsequently stabbed Martin in the leg with Botox, and when Caroline and Mac arrive in an ambulance Guy steals it in a drunken rage with Mac and Martin in the back. Guy drives the ambulance to Wales, where, in an attempt to avoid a sheep, they drive onto a cliff edge. The series ends with the three of them balanced precariously over the cliff trying to remember the names of The Three Musketeers, and debating which of them they are most like.

title: Guy Aldred

text: In January 1903 the Reverend George Martin, an Anglican priest, visited Guy with one of his leaflets, asking to meet the "Holloway Boy Preacher". Martin worked in London’s worst slums, and Guy joined him in his work with London’s poorest. His friendship with Martin lasted six years and influenced Guy strongly. He soon gave his last sermon from the pulpit and left the "Christian Social Mission".

title: Guy Martin

text: On 26 July 2017, it was officially announced that Guy Martin had retired from motorcycle racing. In an exclusive interview with the Motorcycle News Martin said:

title: Freddy Martin

text: After a couple of years, his skill began attracting other musicians. One was Guy Lombardo, who remained friends with Martin throughout his life. After graduation from high school, Martin accepted a job at the H.N. White musical instrument company. When Lombardo was playing in Cleveland, Martin tried giving Lombardo some saxophones, which proved unsuccessful. But, Lombardo got to hear Martin's band. One night, when Guy could not do a certain date, he suggested that Martin's band could fill in for him. The band did very well and Martin's career got started. But, the band broke up and he did not form a permanent band until 1931 at the Bossert Hotel in Brooklyn.

title: The Top Notes

text: Derek Don Martin (also known as "Derek Ray") was born in Detroit, Michigan on July 2, 1938. He began his professional career at the age of 17 when he joined Duke Ellington as a vocalist. Howard "Howie" Guyton (also known as "Guy Howard") was born 1938. He was a cousin of Dave "Baby" Cortez, who performed with Guyton and Martin in The Pearls.

title: Jason Guy (television personality)

text: Jason Martin Guy (born June 22, 1977) was a reality TV contestant on the third season of "Big Brother" in America in 2002.

title: Guy Martin

text: Martin first came to the attention of TV executives in 2009 when he appeared in an ITV4 programme intended primarily for fans of that year's TT race. The then film-producer, Andy Spellman, filmed with Guy at the TT. Spellman shot some additional test material of Martin back at home in the summer and the boss of North One television showed the clips to a BBC executive.[13]

title: Guy Martin

text: Martin was often joined by friends on his TV shows. In The Boat that Guy Built he was accompanied by friend Mark 'Mavis' Davies, who also appeared in two episodes of How Britain Worked, as did his former girlfriend Stephanie when descending the museum's mine shaft with Martin in episode 4. In the Pike's Peak episode of Speed he is accompanied to the US by his friend Cameron Whitworth, a race mechanic with 17 TT wins, who declined to ride or even sit on the bike due to its power. Having never met before, Martin developed a friendship with David Coulthard while filming the F1 special of Speed, leading to Couthard's later appearance as a guest in Guy Martin's Wall of Death: Live. Also appearing was Martin's partner, Sharon alongside his family as did friend and mentor, Ken Fox.

title: Martin Jones (pianist)

text: Martin Jones (born 4 February 1940 in Witney, England) is an English concert pianist. He studied at the Royal Academy of Music in London under Guido Agosti, Guy Jonson, and Gordon Green. He has been highly regarded since debuting in the international arena when he won the Dame Myra Hess Award in 1968.

title: Guy Secretan

text: Guy bullies Martin. He sometimes randomly picks up Martin and throws him to the ground. He often refers to him as "Fartin". He usually teases Martin and often tells him he looks like a vole, as well as making obnoxious and personal comments about him, but it does not seem to offend Martin. He also gives Martin surreal and useless advice, and even lies to Martin, telling him that he'd passed his exams, when he had in fact failed. Guy also persuaded Martin to drink his urine, claiming "drink my pee, pull like me" when Martin was having trouble flirting with women. However, it was not Guy's urine, Guy had taken it from the pathology lab. He also steals Martin's food, usually secretly taking his yoghurt from the fridge, or his chips right off his plate. One day Martin gets mashed potatoes in an attempt to ward off Guy, but Guy takes it anyway. Guy continued to bully Martin after finding out they were half-brothers.

title: Murray D. Martin

text:
“When I was selling things, customers would say, ‘I want the guy with the gold tooth’. It is
part of who I am,” said Martin in "The Times of London".

title: The Lonely Guy

text: When shy Larry Hubbard (Steve Martin), a greeting card writer, finds his girlfriend Danielle (Robyn Douglass) in bed with another man, he is forced to begin a new life as a "lonely guy." Larry befriends fellow "lonely guy" Warren (Charles Grodin), who considers committing suicide.

title: Guy Martin

text: Guy Martin (born 4 November 1981) is a British lorry-mechanic better known publicly as a motorcycle racer turned television presenter of engineering-based projects, being likened to the late Fred Dibnah.[2]

title: Nelson Muntz

text: He also punishes Sherri and Terri for tormenting Lisa. Another curious example of his "good side" is with Martin, a boy whom Nelson picks on perhaps more so than any other kid in town. Despite the utter cruelty, there are occasional hints that Nelson does not harbor any real hatred towards Martin and only does so to maintain his 'tough guy' reputation. In "Dial 'N' for Nerder", when it is believed that Martin has died, Nelson endeavours to learn the truth and find Martin's killers. When it is revealed that Martin is alive, Nelson mocks and punches him, but also states that he is glad Martin is not dead. In this same episode, however, when Lisa tries to bribe him to not rat her out by offering to get back together with him, he rejects it. In another episode, it is revealed that both Martin and Nelson went to space camp, and that Nelson was a loyal officer to Martin. (See "I'm Spelling as Fast as I Can")

title: Guy Martin (chef)

text: Guy Martin (born 3 February 1957) is a French chef, who earned three stars from the Guide Michelin. He is currently working the restaurant "Le Grand Véfour" in Paris.

title: Edith Kingdon Gould

text: She married Isaiah Guyman "Guy" Martin, Jr. (1911-2014) when he was age 35. He was a Navy lieutenant and a lawyer in Judge Advocate General's Corps. They married in Manhattan in October 1946. They had four children: Isaiah Guyman Martin III, Jason Gould Martin, Christopher Kingdon Martin, and Edith Maria Theodosia Burr Martin.

title: Guy Secretan

text: Though they rarely spoke, Joanna was quick to agree to sleep with Guy when he offered. Guy offered because of a bet between him and Mac that he couldn't pull Joanna. He takes Joanna back to his flat and has sex with her, but earlier in the day Martin had accidentally opened his letter that stated his biological parents, one of which being Joanna. Martin considers going to Switzerland to re-post the letter, but later just tries to stop him before it's too late, but is unsuccessful. This leads to the ambulance incident.

title: Guy Martin

text: Martin and his siblings attended every Isle of Man TT from their births, until their father Ian crashed his Yamaha FZ750 whilst racing at Oliver's Mount, Scarborough in 1988, when Guy was aged 7.[16] After recovering from the resulting broken hip, Martin's father did not race again, but worked as a mechanic in classic bike racing.[17]


query: When was Locke born?

title: John Locke

text: John Locke FRS (/lɒk/; 29 August 1632– 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".[9][10][11] Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.[12]

title: Monica Penders

text: In 2014 Monica and Screen ACT produced a film called 'Locks of Love'. Based in Canberra the film is eleven tales of love connected by padlocks on a gate - a journey exploring the heart behind the worldwide phenomenon that is Locks of Love. Monica thought of the idea whilst in Italy, she was sitting on a bench near a fence filled with locks when an old man came up holding a pair of bolt cutters. Angrily he cut off one of the locks, though picking it up he soon realised he cut off the wrong lock. Whilst this was very amusing Monica then thought of all the stories each lock holds, thus the idea for 'Locks of Love' was born.

title: Ticket lock

text: The first step, prior to use of the lock, is initialization of all lock variables (Row 1). Having next_ticket and now_serving initialized to 0 ensures that the first thread that attempts to get the lock will get ticket 0, thus acquiring the lock due to its ticket matching now_serving. So when P1 tries to acquire the lock it immediately succeeds and next_ticket is incremented to 1 (Row 2). When P3 tries to acquire the lock it gets 1 for its my_ticket, next ticket is incremented to 2, and it must wait since now_serving is still 0 (Row 3). Next, when P2 attempts to acquire the lock it gets 2 for its my_ticket, next_ticket is incremented to 3, and it must also wait due to now_serving still being 0 (Row 4). P1 now releases the lock by incrementing now_serving to 1, thus allowing P3 to acquire it due its my_ticket value of 1 (Row 5). Now P3 releases the lock, incrementing now_serving to 2, allowing P2 to acquire it (Row 6). While P2 has the lock, P4 attempts to acquire it, gets a my_ticket value of 3, increments next_ticket to 4, and must wait since now_serving is still 2 (Row 7). When P2 releases the lock, it increments now_serving to 3, allowing P4 to get it (Row 8). Finally, P4 releases the lock, incrementing now_serving to 4 (Row 9). No currently waiting threads have this ticket number, so the next thread to arrive will get 4 for its ticket and immediately acquire the lock.

title: Lock Haven, Pennsylvania

text: Brittani Kline, winner of "America's Next Top Model" (cycle 16), is a 2015 graduate of Lock Haven University. Alexander McDonald, a U.S. Senator from Arkansas, was born near Lock Haven in 1832. Artist John French Sloan was born in Lock Haven in 1871, and cartoonist Alison Bechdel, author of "Dykes to Watch Out For" and "Fun Home", was born in Lock Haven in 1960. Richard Lipez, author of the Donald Strachey mysteries, was born in Lock Haven in 1938. Other notable residents have included diplomat and Dartmouth College president John Sloan Dickey, federal judge Kermit Lipez of the U.S. Federal First District Court of Appeals, and C. J. Snare, singer and songwriter for the band FireHouse.

title: Thomas Locke

text: He was born in Barnston, Lower Canada, the son of Levi Locke and Sally Clement, both natives of New Hampshire. Locke was a captain in the militia and was mayor of Barnston in 1864 and 1865. He also served as school commissioner and justice of the peace. In 1846, he married Lydia E. Howard. Locke was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1875. He died in Barnston at the age of 59.

title: Barry Locke

text: Barry Locke was born in 1930 to Arthur (Leo) Locke (born 1906) and Lillian (Mahler) Locke (born 1908), and had a single sibling: Alan (born 1936). After graduating from Boston University in 1953, Locke served two years in the United States Army as a public information officer. After the Army he spent five years as a newspaper editor in Michigan before returning to New England as United Press International's Vermont bureau chief.

title: Annie Lock

text: Annie Lock was born on 1 August 1876 at Rhynie in South Australia. Annie was the seventh child of English-born parents, Ann and Walter Lock. She worked as a dressmaker until 1901 when she entered Angas College, Adelaide to train as a missionary. She later joined the United Aborigines Mission. She married James Johansen in Port Augusta on 15 September 1937.

title: John Locke (Lost)

text: John Locke was born to teenager Emily Locke on May 30, 1956. In his early years he showed extreme promise in his intelligence. After being placed in government care as a ward of the state he found himself in a variety of foster homes. He was visited in one such home by Richard Alpert (Nestor Carbonell), who described Locke as "extremely special". Locke had a number of foster siblings over the years: Jeannie, who died as a child when she fell off of a set of monkey bars; Melissa, who was prone to bullying John; and an unnamed brother with whom Locke played the game Mouse Trap.

title: Lock (computer science)

text: An important property of a lock is its "granularity". The granularity is a measure of the amount of data the lock is protecting. In general, choosing a coarse granularity (a small number of locks, each protecting a large segment of data) results in less "lock overhead" when a single process is accessing the protected data, but worse performance when multiple processes are running concurrently. This is because of increased "lock contention". The more coarse the lock, the higher the likelihood that the lock will stop an unrelated process from proceeding. Conversely, using a fine granularity (a larger number of locks, each protecting a fairly small amount of data) increases the overhead of the locks themselves but reduces lock contention. Granular locking where each process must hold multiple locks from a common set of locks can create subtle lock dependencies. This subtlety can increase the chance that a programmer will unknowingly introduce a "deadlock".

title: Electromagnetic lock

text: An electromagnetic lock, magnetic lock, or maglock is a locking device that consists of an electromagnet and an armature plate. There are two main types of electric locking devices. Locking devices can be either "fail safe" or "fail secure". A fail-secure locking device remains locked when power is lost. Fail-safe locking devices are unlocked when de-energized. Direct pull electromagnetic locks are inherently fail-safe. Typically the electromagnet portion of the lock is attached to the door frame and a mating armature plate is attached to the door. The two components are in contact when the door is closed. When the electromagnet is energized, a current passing through the electromagnet creates a magnetic flux that causes the armature plate to attract to the electromagnet, creating a locking action. Because the mating area of the electromagnet and armature is relatively large, the force created by the magnetic flux is strong enough to keep the door locked even under stress.

title: Chalmore Lock

text: Chalmore Lock was built in 1838 by the Thames Navigation Commissioners at a place called Chalmore Hole between Cleeve Lock and Benson Lock. It was built as a summer or low-water lock. For much of the time the lock was open at both ends and the fall was only 18 inches when the water level reached its lowest in summer. It was described at the time of construction as "a weir and two pairs of gates similar to pound gates to pass boats when the weir is shut in". Its usefulness was demonstrated shortly after its construction, when a barge stranded upstream in the shallows was set in motion within five minutes of closing the gates. The lock was provided with a lock keeper and tolls were exacted for its use. However it fell into disrepair, and the Thames Conservancy was anxious to remove it. Nevertheless, from 1874 onwards, the inhabitants of Wallingford campaigned strongly to keep the lock fearing consequences to the town of its removal. In 1881 Thames Conservancy dredged the river below Wallingford Bridge at "enormous cost" and in the winter floating ice swept away much of the weir. In 1883 the lock was finally removed.

title: Middle Level Navigations

text: When the navigations were built, the boats using them were traditional Fen Lighters, which were , and the locks were sized accordingly. However, there has been a programme to increase the lock sizes to make the waterways accessible to standard narrow boats. Lodes End lock was when built. The lock at Marmount Priory was extended to , Ashline lock to , Stanground to , and Horseway to . with the new Ashline lock being reopened on 1 April 1999. Salter's Lode lock has three sets of gates, with a guillotine gate at the tidal end, and mitre gates which allow boats up to long to enter the River Ouse when the river level is higher than the level of Well Creek. It was possible for longer boats to pass straight through at certain states of the tide, but the lock has been lengthened to , by the addition of a third set of mitre gates, facing away from the river, which can only be used when the level of the river is lower than that of the Creek. Welches Dam Lock is still sized for Fen Lighters, at just long.

title: Microsoft SQL Server

text: SQL Server allows multiple clients to use the same database concurrently. As such, it needs to control concurrent access to shared data, to ensure data integrity—when multiple clients update the same data, or clients attempt to read data that is in the process of being changed by another client. SQL Server provides two modes of concurrency control: pessimistic concurrency and optimistic concurrency. When pessimistic concurrency control is being used, SQL Server controls concurrent access by using locks. Locks can be either shared or exclusive. Exclusive lock grants the user exclusive access to the data—no other user can access the data as long as the lock is held. Shared locks are used when some data is being read—multiple users can read from data locked with a shared lock, but not acquire an exclusive lock. The latter would have to wait for all shared locks to be released.

title: Mitsubishi S-AWC

text: The 4WD lock switch is located on the floor console. When the 4WD lock switch is pressed with the electric motor switch ON, "4WD LOCK" will be turned on and off. When the 4WD lock switch is turned on with the drive mode at ECO, or the ECO mode switch is turned on with the drive mode at 4WD lock, the drive mode will be switched to "ECO MODE/4WD LOCK". The driver can obtain better ground-covering ability by choosing the drive mode between "4WD LOCK" and "ECO MODE/4WD LOCK". When the ECO mode switch is turned off, the drive mode will return from "ECO MODE/4WD LOCK" to "4WD LOCK".

title: Francis Locke Sr.

text: Francis Locke was born in 1722 in Ireland. He was the son of John and Elizabeth Locke. When he was still young, the family emigrated to Lancaster, Pennsylvania Colony, where Locke grew up. After his father died in 1744, his mother married John Brandon, who eventually moved the family to Anson County, North Carolina Colony. That area of the county was later split off as Rowan County, North Carolina.

title: Guillotine lock

text: The Weurt lock has an additional gate near the centre of the chamber. When only a few short boats want to go through the lock, they can use one half the chamber, saving water. Furthermore, when one of the gates is taken out of service for maintenance, the lock can still function at reduced capacity. When open, guillotine gates are completely out of the water, so they can be painted without removing them or draining the lock.

title: Learning theory (education)

text: John Locke (1632–1704) offered an answer to Plato's question as well. John Locke offered the "blank slate" theory where humans are born into the world with no innate knowledge. He recognized that something had to be present, however. This something, to John Locke, seemed to be "mental powers". Locke viewed these powers as a biological ability the baby is born with, similar to how a baby knows how to biologically function when born. So as soon as the baby enters the world, it immediately has experiences with its surroundings and all of those experiences are being transcribed to the baby's "slate". All of the experiences then eventually culminate into complex and abstract ideas. This theory can still help teachers understand their students' learning today.

title: ISO/IEC 9995

text:
A key providing one of the functions Capitals lock (usually called “Caps Lock”), Level 2 lock (i. e. “Shift lock”), or Generalized lock shall be present, occupying the position C00. (The function “Generalized lock” is not specified in the ISO/IEC 9995 series). The specific way the Caps Lock or Shift Lock works (i. e. swapping the lock state by hitting the key, as it is usually implemented) is not specified in the ISO/IEC 9995 series. Thus, solutions avoiding the status dependency as well as the problem of inadvertent hitting (e.g., the lock key pressed together with Shift turns Shift lock on, together with AltGr turns Caps Lock on, pressed alone switches off any lock status but has no effect when no lock status is activated) would not prevent compliance to the standard.
A Return key has to be present, right of the character input keys in row C. It is recommended that it expands to row D (thus spanning over position D13 when located on position C13 as shown in the figure), as it e. g. does on the German layout.

title: Andrew C. Locke

text: Locke married Marijun Costales Madayag a Filipina in 1992, they have two children Brandon Stuart Locke born 1994 and adopted daughter, Allysha Mae Locke born 2008. Locke has a son, Ricky Locke with Marianne Tamati who was born in 1987. The family returned to Brisbane, Australia in 2005. It was at Wang Computers where he met Marijun Locke in 1991.

title: Virtuoso Universal Server

text: Virtuoso provides dynamic locking, starting with row level locks and escalating to page level locks when a cursor holds a large percentage of a page's rows or when it has a history of locking entire pages. Lock escalation only happens when no other transactions hold locks on the same page, hence it never deadlocks. Virtuoso SQL provides means for exclusive read and for setting transaction isolation.

title: Kimberley Locke

text: Locke was born in Hartsville, Tennessee, to Donald and Christine Locke, and is the second of two children, with an older brother named Ashley. She and her brother spent most of their life in Gallatin. At age five, Locke began singing in church. Her parents divorced when she was eight years old.

title: Sandford Lock

text: There was a mill here built by the Knights Templar in around 1294. There are also records of a ferry and a fish weir in mediaeval times. In the reign of Edward III there is an account of the immemorial conflict between millers and bargemen when "the men of Oxon broke down the locks of Sandford". This was probably at the navigation weir or flash lock on the old river channel behind the second island. This was described in 1624 as ‘Great Lockes’. It was replaced in 1631 when the Oxford-Burcot Commission built one of the first pound locks in England here. The lock was passed on to the Thames Navigation Commission in 1790 and lengthened in 1795, under the direction of Daniel Harris, the Oxford gaoler, at a cost of nearly £1,800. In 1836 a new lock was built on the current site alongside the old one and a lock house was ordered in 1839. The old lock has since been filled in after an incident when a miller opened the sluices and caused damage to the embankments. Its position is still visible (the position of the upper gates can be seen in the stonework above the present upper gates). An iron bridge above the lock was built between 1866 and 1877. The latest rebuild of the lock was in 1972.

title: Village lock-up

text: D. H. Lawrence and his German-born wife Frieda had to report to the lock-up in Wirksworth during the First World War when they lived at Middleton-by-Wirksworth.

title: Adria Locke Langley

text: Locke was born in Iowa, 1899, as the youngest of three children. When she was young her family moved to Stanton, Nebraska and that is where she grew up. Her father William Locke, was president of the Omaha livestock market and a Quaker. He had certain ideas of what a woman should be. Because of this Adria's grandfather, Thomas Glendenning, took over in teaching her what would later be a great social consciousness.

title: Cromwell Lock

text: Cromwell Lock is a large navigation lock on the River Trent in Nottinghamshire, England. The first lock to be built on the site was constructed by the Trent Navigation Company, having been authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1906. Construction began in late 1908, as soon as the Company had raised sufficient capital. The lock was extended in 1935, when an extra pair of gates were added downstream of the main lock, effectively forming a second lock. The lock was further improved in 1960, when the two locks were made into one, capable of holding eight standard Trent barges.

title: John Locke (Lost)

text: Locke enters the hatch and discovers Desmond Hume (Henry Ian Cusick), who shows Locke and Jack an orientation film explaining that the hatch was once used for studying electromagnetism and a specific series of numbers has to be entered into a computer terminal every 108 minutes to prevent an unspecified catastrophe. Seeing that his replacements have arrived, Desmond leaves. While Jack is reluctant to enter the numbers, Locke convinces him otherwise. When a man named "Henry Gale" (Michael Emerson), arrives in the jungle (captured in a trap set by Danielle Rousseau), Locke holds him prisoner in the empty armory. The blast doors in the hatch all descend, and they end up falling on Locke's legs. Locke tasks Henry with entering the numbers in the computer. Locke notices a strange map drawn on one of the doors when the lights go out, which he manages to sketch after the blast doors rise again. Locke and the other survivors soon find out that Henry was lying about his identity and he is a member of The Others, but he refuses to speak to anyone but Locke. He taunts Locke by telling him that his people saw the hatch as a joke, and that he never entered the numbers in the computer, which results in Locke starting to believe that the button is not real. When "Henry" escapes, Locke and Mr. Eko (Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje) enter the jungle to search for him but find the "?" on Locke's map, where they discover the station, which explains that pushing the button is just to test the occupants of the hatch. While Locke believes that the button is fake, Eko feels the opposite. Locke abandons pushing the button, and he and the recently returned Desmond sneak into the hatch to allow the timer to reach zero, but when the electromagnetic force builds up, Locke realizes that he has been wrong all along. Desmond then turns the fail-safe key that causes the hatch to implode.

title: Newmarket Canal

text: Walsh had designed the canal with four locks of equal size. That way when the water from one of the locks was released, it would flow downhill into the next. Water would only be lost from the system at lock 4, the last lock. But by replacing the two centre locks with one larger one, this was no longer true. For one, the opening of lock 1 in Newmarket would produce only half the water needed to fill the large lock 2, and when lock 2 was opened, the smaller lock 3 could not contain half of the water, which would have to be dumped.

title: Locks on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal

text: The second guard lock at Violette's lock, was confusingly numbered Lock 24 for a period of time when that was the end of the canal. Later, when the section up to Dam #3 (Harpers Ferry) was opened, Lock 24 was the lock at the Seneca Aqueduct (i.e. Riley's Lock). Guard lock #2 is also 88' 5" long, making it too small for a standard C & O canal boat (92') to go through.

title: Matthew Fielding Locke

text: After the war, Locke returned to Mississippi, and in 1849 married Elizabeth A. Biue. Shortly thereafter they moved to Upshur County, Texas. He established a plantation about 13 miles (21 km) northeast of present-day Gilmer and founded the nearby town of LaFayette (which he named after his son, LaFayette C. Locke, who was born in 1850). Locke began the first of two terms as a state representative in 1855 in the Sixth Texas Legislature. In the Seventh Legislature, Locke was elected Speaker of the House "pro tempore" on 26 December 1857 when Speaker William S. Taylor took ill. When Taylor resigned on 18 January 1858, Locke was elected Speaker over Reps. Isaac N. Dennis and John Henry Brown, 39 votes to 14 and 13, respectively.

title: Ballard Locks

text: The complex includes two locks. Using the small lock when boat traffic is low conserves fresh water during summer, when the lakes receive less inflow. Having two locks also allows one of the locks to be drained for maintenance without blocking all boat traffic. The large lock is drained for approximately 2-weeks, usually in November, and the small lock is drained for about the same period, usually in March.

title: Bosley Lock Flight

text: Lock ponds are ponds which are maintained at an intermediate level between the upper pound and the lower pound. When a lock is emptying, water from the top of the lock fills the pond, and the rest is discharged to the lower pound. When the lock is filling, water from the pond fills the bottom of the lock, and the rest is then drawn from the top pound. By careful design of the size and level of the ponds, those at Bosley managed to re-use about 40 per cent of the water in this way. The bottom of each lock was connected by a culvert to the bottom of its pond, and a paddle controlled the flow of water through the culvert. The paddle had to be capable of sealing the culvert against flow in either direction, since when closed it had to prevent the lock from emptying when it is full, and from filling when it is empty.


query: How many books are in the Pretty Little Liars series?

title: Pretty Little Liars (book series)

text: The series is loosely divided into four arcs, chronicling the introduction and reveal of each "A". Set in the suburbs of Philadelphia, the series follows the lives of four teenage girls nicknamed the Pretty little Liars or simply the Liars, whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their Queen bee leader, "Alison DiLaurentis". A year after her disappearance, the girls begin receiving threatening messages from an anonymous character named "A," who threatens to expose their secrets, including long-hidden ones they thought only Alison knew. Shortly after the messages begin, Alison's body is discovered buried in her yard. The books progress with the four girls trying to figure out the identity of "A" and facing many dangerous obstacles and twists as they do so.

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 1)

text: Originally developed as a television series by book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea was described as ""Desperate Housewives" for teens." Alloy met with author Shepard, and gave her the property to develop into a book series. With Alloy and Warner Horizon interested in producing a "Pretty Little Liars" television series for years, it was first planned for The WB in 2005 with a different writer. The first novel was published by HarperTeen in October 2006. In June 2008, Alloy noted that it was developing a "Pretty Little Liars" television pilot for ABC Family. The novels are being adapted for television by I. Marlene King.

title: Sara Shepard

text: Shepard's book series Pretty Little Liars and The Lying Game have both been turned into television series by ABC Family (now under the name of Freeform). The Pretty Little Liars series of novels is "loosely based on her experiences growing up in Chester County.[3] The adaptation television series Pretty Little Liars lasted for 7 seasons. It also had a short-lived spin-off starring cast member Tyler Blackburn as Caleb Rivers, entitled Ravenswood.[4] Actresses Troian Bellisario, Ashley Benson, Shay Mitchell, and Lucy Hale star as the main characters Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Emily Fields and Aria Montgomery. Shepard had a cameo on two episodes of the show: "The Homecoming Hangover" and "I'm a Good Girl, I Am".[5]

title: Pretty Little Liars

text: On September 25, 2017, Freeform announced that a second spin-off series, titled Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists, had been ordered, with Pieterse and Parrish reprising their roles as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal respectively.[5] On May 14, 2018, Freeform picked up the series for a 10-episode first season, set to air in 2019.[6][7] In a 2018 panel, Parrish said that some plot points created in Pretty Little Liars will be resolved during the spin-off.[8]

title: Pretty Little Liars

text: Originally developed as a television series by book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea was described as "Desperate Housewives for teens."[14] Alloy met with author Shepard and gave her the property to develop into a book series.[14] With Alloy and Warner Horizon Television interested in producing Pretty Little Liars as a television series for years, it was first planned for The WB in 2005 with a different writer until the network shut down in early 2006 and reestablished as The CW later that year.[15] The first novel was published by HarperTeen in October 2006.[16] In June 2008, Alloy noted that it was developing a Pretty Little Liars television pilot for ABC Family,[14] with the novels adapted for television.[15] After the pilot was shot in Vancouver in December 2009, filming for the rest of the series moved to Los Angeles.[17][18] The series was primarily filmed at the Warner Bros. studio and backlot in the city of Burbank, near Los Angeles.[19] In June 2012, the series was selected by lottery for a California film and TV tax credit.[20]

title: List of Pretty Little Liars episodes

text: "Pretty Little Liars" is a TV series which premiered on ABC Family on June 8, 2010. Developed by I. Marlene King, the series is based on the "Pretty Little Liars" book series by Sara Shepard. The series follows the lives of four girls, Aria Montgomery, Hanna Marin, Emily Fields, and Spencer Hastings, whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their leader, Alison DiLaurentis. One year later, the estranged friends are reunited as they begin receiving messages from a mysterious figure named "A" who threatens to expose their deepest secrets, including ones they thought only Alison knew.

title: Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars)

text: Red Coat is a fictional character on the television show "Pretty Little Liars," which was adapted from the book series of same name. Introduced during the second-season finale, she became the primary antagonist of the third and fourth seasons.

title: Free Fall (Pretty Little Liars)

text: "Free Fall" is the twentieth episode of the fourth season of "Pretty Little Liars", an American mystery drama television series based on the novel series written by Sara Shepard, and is the ninety-first episode of the series. The episode, directed by Melanie Mayron and written by Maya Goldsmith, originally aired on February 18, 2014 on ABC Family.

title: Sara Harvey (Pretty Little Liars)

text: Sara Harvey is a fictional character in the Freeform television series adaption of the "Pretty Little Liars" book series. She is portrayed by model Dre Davis. Sara is introduced as a false protagonist, only to be exposed as "Big A's" ally during "Game Over, Charles". Harvey is murdered in "Wanted: Dead or Alive" by an unknown assailant and found dead in her hotel room's bathtub by a cleaner. Sara's killer was revealed to be Noel Kahn during "These Boots Were Made for Stalking".

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 1)

text: The first season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 8, 2010 and concluded on March 21, 2011 on ABC Family.

title: Pretty Little Liars (novel)

text: Pretty Little Liars is the first book in the "Pretty Little Liars" series by Sara Shepard. It tells the story of four girls - Hanna, Aria, Emily and Spencer - after the disappearance of their clique leader, Alison. The book was written for the book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea originally developed as a TV series.

title: Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists

text: Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists is an upcoming American teen drama television series developed by I. Marlene King. The series is a sequel to "Pretty Little Liars" and based on the novel "The Perfectionists" by Sara Shepard. Freeform ordered the series to pilot on September 25, 2017, as the second spin-off series of "Pretty Little Liars" which will include some of the main characters. Freeform picked up the series for a 10-episode first season on May 14, 2018.Freeform ordered the show to pilot on September 25, 2017, as a sequel to "Pretty Little Liars" and the second spin-off series following "Ravenswood". I. Marlene King wrote and Elizabeth Allen Rosenbaum directed the first two episodes, which are titled "Pilot" and "Sex, Lies and Alibies".

title: Pretty Dirty Secrets

text: The web series was written by Kyle Bown & Kim Turrisi and directed by Arthur Anderson. Kyle Bown, the assistant to "Pretty Little Liars" showrunner I. Marlene King, and Kim Turrisi, who is not part of the writing staff, were hired to write the web series by ABC Family, however the crew behind "Pretty Little Liars" was also used with the web series. The web series introduced Aeriél Miranda as Shana in the television series. None of the series regulars from "Pretty Little Liars" appears in the web series.

title: Pretty Little Liars (book series)

text: A: A is the main antagonist of the series, being, for the most part, an anonymous character who relentlessly torments many characters, in particular the Liars. Mona Vanderwaal, Alison DiLaurentis and Nick Maxwell are discovered to be A. Mona became A due to Alison and the Liars being responsible for The Jenna Thing, which burned her too. However, she is killed when Spencer pushes her off a cliff face and her neck is caught between rocks. However, a new "A" rises, this time even more determined to hurt the Liars. This A is revealed to be Alison herself who wanted revenge on the Liars for ruining her life and Nick, who is revealed to be her accomplice.

title: Shay Mitchell

text: In December 2009, Mitchell was cast in the ABC Family (now Freeform) planned adaptation of the book series "Pretty Little Liars". Initially, Mitchell auditioned for the role of Spencer Hastings. On January 2010, "Pretty Little Liars" was picked up by ABC Family. The series centers on four friends up against an anonymous foe who threatens to reveal all their secrets whist unraveling the mystery of the murder of their best friend. Mitchell portrays the role of Emily Fields, the "jock girl" of the group. The program gained quick popularity despite mixed critical reviews. The show ran for seven seasons and the series finale aired 27 June 2017.

title: Pretty Little Liars (book series)

text: The series has many characters, most of them recurring. The main characters are:

title: List of Pretty Little Liars characters

text: "Pretty Little Liars" is an American teen drama television series created by I. Marlene King for Freeform. It is based on Sara Shepard's novel series of the same name. Below is a list consisting of the many characters who have appeared throughout the series' seven-season run.

title: Emily Fields

text: "Pretty Little Liars" is a series of novels which follows the lives of four teenage girls nicknamed the Pretty little Liars or simply the Liars, whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their queen bee leader, Alison DiLaurentis. Three years after her disappearance, the girls begin receiving threatening messages from an anonymous character named "A", who threatens to expose their secrets, including long-hidden ones they thought only Alison knew. Shortly after the messages begin, Alison's body is discovered buried in her yard. The books progress with the four girls trying to figure out who "A" is and facing many dangerous obstacles and twists.

title: Pilot (Pretty Little Liars)

text: "Pilot" is the series premiere of the mystery drama series "Pretty Little Liars". It introduces each of the main characters, as well as establishes the basic premises of the series. The episode aired on June 8, 2010 on ABC Family.

title: Charlotte Drake

text: Charlotte Drake is a fictional character in "Pretty Little Liars", an American mystery drama television series based on the homonymous novel series written by Sara Shepard. Charlotte is a character that only appears in the television series and is portrayed by Vanessa Ray. The character is also featured in the "Pretty Little Liars" web series "Pretty Dirty Secrets".

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 5)

text: It was announced on June 10, 2014 that "Pretty Little Liars" was renewed for two additional seasons, making the show ABC Family's longest running original series.

title: Sara Shepard

text: On September 27, 2017, it was announced that Shephard’s 2014 book series The Perfectionists would be adapted into a television series as a sequel to the series Pretty Little Liars which will air on Freeform.[10] Sasha Pieterse and Janel Parrish have confirmed to reprise their role as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal. Sofia Carson, Sydney Park, Eli Brown and Kelly Rutherford have confirmed to be cast in Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists, as Ava Jalali, Caitlin Martell-Lewis, Dylan Wright and Claire Hotchkiss, respectively. Moreover, Hayley Erin has committed to the show but her character is kept in mystery. If picked up for a series order by Freeform, the show will release in 2019.

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 6)

text: The sixth season of the American mystery drama television series "Pretty Little Liars", based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show ABC Family's longest running original series.

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 7)

text: The seventh and final season of the American mystery drama television series "Pretty Little Liars", based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show Freeform's longest running original series.

title: Pretty Little Liars

text: A tie-in edition featuring the Season 1 poster and logo of the 2006 first novel in the Pretty Little Liars series was released on the date of the show's premiere,[74] as was the final book of the original book series, "Wanted".[75] "Wanted" later decidedly became the eighth book of the series, as Shepard later confirmed she would extend the series. A TV tie-in of the second book "Flawless" featuring an altered Season 3 poster was released on December 28, 2012.

title: Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)

text: Her character pays tribute to Alison and Courtney DiLaurentis, characters of the "Pretty Little Liars" book series.

title: Rosewood (Pretty Little Liars)

text: Rosewood is the fictional setting for both the "Pretty Little Liars" book series and the "Pretty Little Liars" television series. The fictional city is suggested to be loosely based on West Chester, Pennsylvania.

title: Pretty Little Liars (book series)

text: Pretty Little Liars is a series of young adult novels by Sara Shepard. Beginning with 2006's initial novel of the same name, the series follows the lives of four girls– Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Aria Montgomery and Emily Fields.

title: A (Pretty Little Liars)

text: "A" is a fictional character created in 2006 by author Sara Shepard. It is a character of both "Pretty Little Liars"' books and television series, and primarily appears as a stalker and the main antagonist of the stories. "A" is one of the main characters of the stories, appearing anonymously in the majority of the episodes and books.

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 3)

text: The third season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 5, 2012 on ABC Family and concluded on March 19, 2013. On November 29, 2011, ABC Family renewed the series for a third season, consisting of 24 episodes. Filming of the season began on April 2, 2012.


query: How many people live in Águas de São Pedro?

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: As of the 2010 Brazilian Census recorded by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Águas de São Pedro has a population of 2,707. Of that total, 2,361 inhabitants are White (87.22%), 279 are Pardo (brown) (10.31%), 41 are Black (1.51%), and 26 are Asian (0.96%).[10][46][47] It is the 594th most populous city in the state, and has a population density of 749.45 inhabitants per square kilometer. Of the total population, 1,262 inhabitants were men and 1,445 were women.[48]

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: Idealized by José Palma in 2002,[73][74] the Caminho do Sol (Way of the Sun) is a preparatory way to the Way of St. James, and it is recognized by the Xunta de Galicia.[75] The route ends at the city of Águas de São Pedro, in the Casa de Santiago (House of St.James) located in the Mini Horto. Several pilgrims, with bicycles or hiking, come to the city every year along the way as a religious pilgrimage or tourism. The way is 241 kilometres (150mi) long and passes through 12 municipalities in the following order: Santana de Parnaíba, Pirapora do Bom Jesus, Cabreúva, Itu, Salto, Elias Fausto, Capivari, Mombuca, Saltinho, Piracicaba, São Pedro, and Águas de São Pedro.

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: In 1946 a chapel was completed, its architecture based on a chapel seen by Dr.Octavio in the city of Rio de Janeiro.[55] The chapel was dedicated to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception. In 1954 Águas de São Pedro was removed from the City of São Pedro parish, and on 29 May of that same year, the present-day Immaculate Conception Parish was founded by Don Ernesto de Paula.[55] The parish is subordinate to the Diocese of Piracicaba.

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: Until 1800 the region of São Pedro and its enclave was virgin forest. The first people to set foot in Águas de São Pedro territory were, as in most municipalities in the São Paulo countryside, bandeirantes seeking precious stones, especially gold, opening many roads and routes in the dense forest. One of these routes, called Caminho do Picadão (Way of the Forest Trail), started in Itu, passed through Piracicaba and advanced towards the hinterlands of Araraquara.[19] For years, many farms were established in the region, until in 1883, São Pedro was detached from Piracicaba and became politically independent.[19]

title: Águas de São Pedro–São Paulo 1941 chess tournament

text: The tournament would begin on June 30, but it was preferred to start the competition on July 2. Most of the matches took place at the "Grande Hotel" in Águas de São Pedro, but the last four have occurred in São Paulo. Of these four, two occurred in the foyer of the Municipal Theatre, and two occurred at the headquarters of São Paulo Chess Club, on the second floor of the Martinelli Building.

title: Spa town

text: Brazil has a growing number of spa towns. The traditional ones are: Águas de Lindoia, Serra Negra, Águas de São Pedro, Caxambu, Poços de Caldas, Caldas Novas, Araxá, and São Lourenço.

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: Recognizing the importance of the thermal springs in the region, the São Paulo State Government on 19 June 1940 founded[21][22] the Estância Hidromineral e Climática de Águas de São Pedro (Hydromineral and Climatic Spa of Águas de São Pedro). Despite this, the city celebrates its birthday on 25 July,[23] the date in 1940 of the founding of the first major building in the city, the Grande Hotel (now Grande Hotel São Pedro). The municipality of Águas de São Pedro was incorporated by State Law No.233, of 24 December 1948.[1]

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: The history of the Catholic Church in Águas de São Pedro started when Mrs. Maria Julia das Dores Andrade, mother of the city founder, asked him to build the "House of God" along with the construction of the Grande Hotel.[55] The highest place of the city was selected to erect it.

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: R$67,496,000.00 of the municipal GDP is from services, currently the major source of GDP of Águas de São Pedro.[56] A major part of the tertiary sector is tourism, and the city's economy is geared exclusively toward this sector. The municipality of Águas de São Pedro is integrated with the Tourism Region of the Itaqueri Ridge and has as its main attraction its medicinal mineral waters. According to city officials, the new tourism routes go through regionalization.[27] Tourists attracted by the natural attractions also help to stimulate the commercial sector of the city. The busiest retail centres are Carlos Mauro Avenue and Trade Street, which after renovations costing R$302,000.00[58] has become a pedestrian street.

title: List of mayors of Águas de São Pedro

text: This is a listing of all those that have served as the Mayor of the municipality of Águas de São Pedro in the Brazilian state of São Paulo.

title: Coat of arms of Águas de São Pedro

text: The coat of arms of Águas de São Pedro started to be used in the Municipal Office in the beginning of 1971, but was only officialized by law on July 7, 1972. Before 1971 it was the coat of arms of the state of São Paulo that was used in the municipal official documents.

title: Coat of arms of Águas de São Pedro

text: According to the text of the Municipal Law number 408 of July 7, 1972, Article I, the heraldic blazon of Águas de São Pedro's coat of arms is:

title: Coat of arms of Águas de São Pedro

text: The samnite shield used to represent the Coat of arms of the Spa of Águas de São Pedro was the first style of shield introduced in Portugal by French influence, inherited by the Brazilian heraldry as an evocative of the colonizing race and main molder of the Brazilian nationality.

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: Águas de São Pedro was incorporated in the 1940s. The city is known for its mineral waters of medicinal value, their natural sources popular tourist attractions. One of the springs, Fonte Juventude, has the second most highly sulfurous water in the world.[17] It also has two large parks, Dr.Octavio Moura Andrade Park and the Parque das Águas "José Benedito Zani", and the municipal mini-garden, all important green areas of the city.

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: The geomorphology of the area of Águas de São Pedro is characterized by reliefs of low, soft hills–separated by valleys without major river plains–and it is slightly rugged, with sites that only rarely exceed 200 metres (656ft) of unevenness. The municipality is at an altitude of 515 metres (1,690ft) above sea level,[6] and located in a geographic region called the São Paulo State Peripheral Depression, near the border with the Western Plateau, in an area of basaltic cuestas.[37]

title: Coat of arms of Águas de São Pedro

text: The coat of arms of Águas de São Pedro was designed by the heraldist Professor Arcinoé Antonio Peixoto de Faria, from the Municipalist Heraldic Encyclopedia (). It was created by the request of the municipal government, that needed a symbol to represent the city.

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: In 1892 a railway station was opened in the town of São Pedro; it belonged to the Companhia União Sorocabana e Ytuana, which later served as a route for those who wanted to reach Águas de São Pedro. Between 1907 and 1919 it was part of the Sorocabana Railway, and until 1966 it belonged to the Sorocabana Railroad, part of the already defunct Piracicaba Line. The station was deactivated at the end of the 1960s, when the first paved roads were built in São Pedro and its enclave.[96] Today, only one highway passes through the city, the SP-304, Rodovia Geraldo de Barros. It connects Águas de São Pedro with the cities of São Pedro (8 kilometres (5mi) northwest) and Piracicaba (29 kilometres (18mi) southeast).[note 1] Due to the high volume of truck traffic, part of the road that passes through the urban area developed several potholes. In response to that problem, politicians of the municipality and the neighbouring cities pressured the state governor for the duplication of the highway.[97] After the Department of Highways (DER) approved the project,[98] the construction began on 22 August 2014[99] and is ongoing.

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: The municipality of Águas de São Pedro covers 3.612 square kilometres (1.4sqmi), the second-smallest Brazilian city in area, only larger than Santa Cruz de Minas.[34] It represents 0.0015% of the state territory and 0.0004% of the area of southeastern Brazil.[35] The municipality does not have a rural area, only an urban perimeter.[34]

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: Águas de São Pedro is served by three public schools:[8][91]

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: More recently, Águas de São Pedro has sent delegations to participate in the Jogos Regionais do Idoso (Senior Regional Games, known by the acronym JORI) and the Jogos Abertos do Idoso (Senior Open Games, known by the acronym JAI). In 2015 44 athletes were sent to participate in the 19th JORI, a competition with participation of 3,500 athletes from 56 municipalities, and Águas de São Pedro attained 20th place.[80]

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: Águas de São Pedro (Portuguese pronunciation:[ˈaɡwas di sɐ̃w̃ ˈpedɾu](listen)) is a Brazilian municipality in the state of São Paulo located 184 kilometres (114 miles) from the state capital.[note 1] At only 3.61 square kilometres (1.39 square miles), it is the second-smallest Brazilian municipality in terms of area,[4] and had a population of 2,707 in 2010.[5] Águas de São Pedro means "Waters of Saint Peter". Its name is derived from the mineral springs in its territory and their location, which before the city's founding were part of the municipality of São Pedro (Saint Peter).

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: There are two local holidays in Águas de São Pedro: the city anniversary (25 July) and the day of the Immaculate Conception (8 December).[68]

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: In 1941 the Grande Hotel hosted the first major chess competition in Brazil, the Torneio Internacional de Águas de São Pedro (Águas de São Pedro International Tournament).[79]

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil "Vida" ("Vida" Municipal Pre-school), also known by the acronym EMEI Vida. Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental de Águas de São Pedro "Maria Luiza Fornasier Franzin" I, II e III (Águas de São Pedro Municipal Elementary School "Maria Luiza Fornasier Franzin" I, II and III), also known by the acronym EMEFASP "Maria Luiza Fornasier Franzin" I, II and III. The numbers I, II and III represents the three different buildings of the school; each building houses different school grades. Escola Estadual Angelo Franzin ("Angelo Franzin" State School), also known by the acronym E.E. "Angelo Franzin", is a high school.

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: The city of Águas de São Pedro had 990 residences in 2010. Of this total 654 were owned properties, with 610 owned and already paid for, 44 being paid for, and 266 rented; 69 properties were lent, with 38 lent by an employer and 31 lent by other means.[10]

text: The Águas de São Pedro International Tournament () was a chess tournament held from 2 to 26 July 1941 in Águas de São Pedro and São Paulo. The event, the first international chess tournament of Brazil, was organized by the São Paulo Chess Club and sponsored by Antonio and Octavio Moura Andrade, being the latter founder of Águas de São Pedro and owner of the "Grande Hotel".

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: In the field of performing arts, between 2006 and 2010, an ongoing Theatre Exhibition of São Pedro and Águas de São Pedro was held. In 2010 the project won the "Competition to Support Festivals of Art in the State São Paulo" that was promoted by the Secretariat of State for Culture, part of the "Cultural Action Program" organized by the Associação Cultural Arte (Art Cultural Association), which ensured that the event had full and unrestricted support from the governments of the two cities.[76]

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: There is no courthouse in Águas de São Pedro; the municipality is part of the district court of São Pedro.[82] According to the Regional Electoral Court of São Paulo, the city had in 2014 2,881 voters,[83] a number greater than the number of inhabitants. This happens because the city has many vacationers and students that end up transferring their electoral register to the municipality.[84]

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: The city also has an institution of higher education: inaugurated in 1995,[92] the Centro Universitário Senac–Campus Águas de São Pedro (Senac University Center–Águas de São Pedro Campus) is a private university maintained by the Brazilian National Commercial Training Service, that is known by the acronym Senac (Portuguese: Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial). It was formerly known as Senac Faculties, but in 2004 it was accredited by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and Culture as University Center.[92][93]

title: Coat of arms of Águas de São Pedro

text: The Coat of arms of the Municipality of the Hydromineral Spa of Águas de São Pedro () is the official coat of arms of Águas de São Pedro.

title: Águas de São Pedro

text: Crafts are also one of the most spontaneous forms of cultural expression of Águas de São Pedro. In the city it is possible to find a variety of crafts, made with regional raw materials and created in accordance with the local culture and way of life. The "ART'S TRAMA–Artisans Association of São Pedro and Region", along with other institutions such as the municipal government or the Superintendence of Craft Work in Communities (SUTACO),[77] bring together many craftsmen from the region and provide space for production, exhibition and sale of crafts such as quilts and crochet table runners, flowers produced with dry corn leaves, and woven pieces produced on looms. Usually, this material is sold at bazaars (like the ones promoted by the municipal Social Solidarity Fund[78]), fairs, exhibitions or craft stores.