query: How large is the state of Guanajuato in Mexico?

title: Guanajuato

text: Guanajuato is in central Mexico. It is bordered by the states of Jalisco to the west, Zacatecas to the northwest, San Luis Potosí to the north, Querétaro to the east, and Michoacán to the south. It covers an area of 30,608km2 (11,818sqmi).

title: Del Bajío International Airport

text:
Del Bajío International Airport, officially known as Aeropuerto Internacional de Guanajuato (Guanajuato International Airport) is an international airport located in Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico. It handles national and international air traffic of the area that includes the city of León and the state capital, Guanajuato. Guanajuato International Airport is an important connecting point for some flights from Mexico City to the United States. The general interior director announced plans to build a cargo terminal and for the construction of a second runway. The facility replaced the San Carlos Airport which is now part of the urban center of León. In late 2015, work began in the construction of a taxiway to be running parallel to the whole length of the runway. In August 2016, the airport opened its first and only VIP lounge, while in January 2017, work began in the modernization of the whole terminal, including expansion of the departures level as well as relocation of the customs and immigration check. Work was completed in mid 2018.
It handled 1,711,400 passengers in 2016, and 1,955,600 passengers in 2017.

title: Federico Montes

text: On May 6, 1915, he held the governorship of Queretaro again. He fought the stole. Rodolfo Fierro in Mariscala, recovering the city of Queretaro. In 1917, he was deputy for the state of Guanajuato. In 1919, he was governor of Guanajuato. In 1920 he became head of military operations in the states of Queretaro, Guanajuato and Michoacan. He was commander of the 1st, 11th, 17th and 28th Military Zones. In 1941, he was appointed ambassador of Mexico in Colombia. He died in Mexico City on December 1, 1950, when he was commander of the Legion of Mexican Honor.

title: Guanajuato

text: As Guanajuato marks the beginning of the arid north of Mexico, at first relatively few Spanish came to settle as opposed to points south, where rainfall and indigenous labor was in much greater supply.[21] The first Spanish expedition to arrive to the Guanajuato area was led by Cristóbal de Olid in 1522 which arrived to the Yuririhapúndaro and Pénjamo areas. The discovery of silver and gold in the area of the city of Guanajuato spurred Spanish settlement of the area in the 1520s and 1530s.[23] When the Spanish did arrive, native tribes retreated to the most inaccessible areas of the Bajío and mountains ranges in the state, resisting the invaders, attacking settlements and travelers along the routes that connected Spanish settlements and mining camps. Unlike the more settled indigenous peoples, the Spanish were unable to force the natives of this area to work and brought African slaves and indigenous peoples from other areas to work the haciendas and mines.[24] The colonization efforts in the eastern part of the state began in 1542 when Spanish land grants were issued for the Apaseo and Chamácuaro areas. In 1555, San Miguel el Grande was founded to protect roads linking mining camps and cities with Mexico City. The Villa de León was founded in 1576 to counterattacks by the indigenous peoples. But through the first centuries of the colonial period, the city of Guanajuato dominated because of its mines.[23] The official name of the state is Guanajuato, Estado Libre y Soberano (Guanajuato, Free and Sovereign State). "Guanajuato" comes from Purépecha Quanaxhuato, which has been translated as both "place of frogs" and "places of many hills". The coat of arms of the state is that of the city of Guanajuato which was granted by Carlos I of Spain.[22]

title: Vanessa Ponce

text: Vanessa Ponce was born in Mexico City, Mexico, to Silvia Sánchez Valencia and Javier Ponce de León, and lived for five years in the State of Guanajuato, Mexico , and also in the State of Aguascalientes, Mexico for ten years. Later on she moved back to her hometown Mexico City, Mexico to live and work. She holds a degree in International Business and is on the board of directors of a rehab centre for girls and women. She studied in the State of Guanajuato, Mexico , International Commerce in the University of Guanajuato.

title: San Miguel de Allende

text: The city San Miguel de Allende is in the state of Guanajuato, and lies 74 miles east of Guanajuato, Guanajuato. It is centrally located within the municipality of San Miguel de Allende, forty miles northwest of Queretaro and 179 miles northwest of Mexico City.

title: Eduardo Liceaga

text: Liceaga was born on October 13, 1839, in Guanajuato City, Guanajuato, the son of Dr. Francisco Liceaga and Trinidad Torres de Liceaga. He was educated at the old College of San Gregorio, Mexico City where he took the first prize in Latin, and later at the College of the State of Guanajuato, winning there prizes and honorable mention. His medical education was received at the National School of Medicine in Mexico City, from which he graduated in 1866. The Emperor Maximilian I bestowed on him the degree of Surgeon and a gold medal.

title: Mexicana Universal Guanajuato

text: Mexicana Universal Guanajuato is a pageant in Guanajuato, Mexico, that selects that state's representative for the national Mexicana Universal pageant.

text: The Orquesta Sinfónica de la Universidad de Guanajuato or OSUG is the resident symphonic orchestra for the University of Guanajuato, located in the state of the same name in central Mexico. It was founded shortly after the School of Music at the University in 1952 under the direction of José Rodríguez Frausto. This made the University for first in Mexico with a resident symphonic orchestra.

title: Basketry of Mexico

text:
Likewise, no pieces from the 19th century survive, but at that time, the painting of everyday scenes became more popular, including images of homes, which show the survival of indigenous items like petates, along with sombreros and European style baskets. European travelers in Mexico documented what they saw, including the lives of common people, with baskets getting mentioned. One item noted in the records of this time but not before is that of the capote, a kind of rain cape created with layers of palm fronds.
The early 20th century saw a revived interest in Mexico’s handcraft traditions, including basketry. During the early 20th century the making of hats from palm and other fibers was taught to prisoners in municipal jails, something that survives to the present. Writer Manuel Toussaint noted the quantity and quality of baskets he found in Oaxaca during his travels, along with those in Puebla and the State of Mexico. For the 100th anniversary of the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence, artists such as Dr. Atl, Roberto Montenegro and others organized an exhibition of the country’s handcrafts and folk art. The exhibition resulted in a large catalog, of which Chapter 16 was dedicated to basketry. It provides a snapshot of the state of the craft at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th. In this catalog, Dr Atl affirms that the most important basketry item remained the petate, noted the use of tenates as basic utilitarian items, with documentation of the large basketry production in the states of Puebla, State of Mexico, Guanajuato, Michoacán and Jalisco. The creation of miniature figures from Silao, Irapuato, Guanajuato and Santa María del Río, SLP are also mentioned. However mention of the work done in the north of the country is absent.

title: Universidad Tecnológica de México

text: The Universidad Tecnológica de México (UNITEC) (Technological University of México) is a private university located in Mexico City, and in the States of Guanajuato, Jalisco, México and Querétaro. It offers high school, bachelor, and postgraduate programs. Ignacio Guerra Pellegaud founded it in 1966 and since 2008 is part of the Laureate International Universities Network. The UNITEC has 10 campuses: Cuitláhuac, Marina and Sur in Mexico City; Atizapán, Ecatepec, Los Reyes, and Toluca in the State of Mexico; Leon in the State of Guanajuato; Guadalajara in the State of Jalisco; and Querétaro in the State of Querétaro. Additionally, it has an Online Campus. UNITEC total enrollment is higher than 90,000; more than 64,000 students are concentrated in the campuses of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, which makes it the largest private university in this country region.

title: Rally Mexico

text: Rally Mexico, formerly known as Rally America is a round of the FIA World Rally Championship. The rally entered the championship schedule in the 2004 season. The event's itinerary is based in the state of Guanajuato. The stages take place in the environs of cities of León, Silao, Irapuato and Guanajuato; rally headquarters being located at León.

title: Irapuato

text: Irapuato is a 2 or 3 hour flight from cities including Los Angeles, Houston, Dallas, Mexico City, Monterrey, Guadalajara and Puerto Vallarta, among others. Located just 25 minutes from the city of Irapuato the Del Bajío International Airport (its correct name is Aeropuerto Internacional de Guanajuato (Guanajuato International Airport)) (IATA: BJX) is an international airport located in Silao, Guanajuato, close to Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. It handles national and international air traffic of the area that includes the city of León, the city of Irapuato, and the state capital, Guanajuato. Guanajuato International Airport is an important connecting point for some flights from Mexico City to the United States.

title: Uriangato

text: Uriangato is one of the 46 municipalities of Guanajuato, located in the borderline between the states of Guanajuato and Michoacán in the region West-Center of Mexico. Uriangato city is geographically united to Moroleon city and Yuriria city, these three cities are a metropolitan area. Since October 2010, this metropolitan area is 75th biggest city of Mexico and the 5th biggest in Guanajuato, is smallest of the 56 metropolitan areas in Mexico. According to INEGI's census made in 2010, the population in Uriangato was 59.305 people, nevertheless the population of the three counties that conforms metropolitan area was 179.451 in that year. Uriangato is 6th city with better quality of life in Guanajuato (only surpassed by Celaya, Leon, Moroleon, Irapuato, Guanajuato) and 8th county with greater index of human development in Guanajuato.

title: Guanajuato, Mexico

text: Guanajuato, Mexico, may refer to:

title: Guanajuato

text: Guanajuato's highways directly connect to three of Mexico's ten major highways (Mexico City-Nuevo Laredo, Querétaro-Ciudad Juárez and Manzanillo-Tampico). The state has 11,061km of highway, 5,281km of which are rural. It also has 1,249km of federal highways and 2,462 of state highways.[101] In July 2010, the state government of Guanajuato in Mexico awarded the 30-year concession of the US$122 million Libramiento de Celaya toll road to consortium Concesionaria Bicentenario. The consortium will be responsible for constructing, operating and maintaining two highway sections. Work on the 12.9km Libramiento Nororiente stretch was scheduled to start in September 2010 and on the 16.5km Libramiento Sur stretch on August 9, 2010.[106]

title: Handcrafts and folk art in Guanajuato

text:
The handcrafts of Guanajuato are dominated by products and designs of European origin, such as glazed pottery, serapes, rebozos, tin wares, wrought iron and silver work, although what is made and how they look vary among the various communities of the state. They are more austere than those of other parts of Mexico which has a wider variety of brighter colors due to more indigenous influence. However, there are some crafts that show influence from the indigenous groups of the state (Otomi, Purhepecha and Chichimeca Jonaz, but they are very local.
Unlike many other craft producing states, most Guanajuato artisans are full-time, with few alternation this activity with agriculture. However, the number of craftsmen is limited, and the state does not produce the same quantities as states such as Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca or Michoacán. Like craftsmen from other areas, they can come from families who have producing a particular craft for generations or be new to the activity because of the popularity of Mexican handcrafts with tourists and collectors. In the first quarter of 2014, exports of Guanajuato handcrafts and furniture totaled 47.69 million USD; however, this number come from only forty enterprises which export.

text: Enrique Bátiz Campbell became director in 2005. Prior to Guanajuato, Bátiz founded the Symphonic Orchestra of the State of Mexico in 1971 and was its director. He has participated in over 500 concerts in various parts of the world and in 145 recordings including those with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the London Philharmonic Orchestra and the Mexico City Philharmonic Orchestra.(boletin) OSUG maintains strong ties to the State of Mexico orchestra, playing with the Chorus of this orchestra in 2010, and having Luis Manuel Sánchez from the Youth Symphonic Orchestra of the state as a guest conductor.

title: Guanajuato

text: Guanajuato (Spanish pronunciation:[gwanaˈxwato]), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guanajuato (Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Guanajuato), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, are the 32 Federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 46 municipalities and its capital city is Guanajuato. The largest city in the state is León.

title: Guanajuato

text: About 95% of the state's visitors are from Mexico, with the rest from other countries. Within the state, there are about seventy hotels ranked as four or five stars.[60] The three main cities for tourism are the capital city of Guanajuato, San Miguel de Allende and Dolores Hidalgo. Guanajuato is visited for its colonial architecture and its role in Mexico's history, especially during the War of Independence. Similarly, San Miguel has cultural and historical value. Both have been designated World Heritage Sites. Although not a World Heritage Site, Dolores Hidalgo is particularly important as the site as it is where Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla gave the cry called "El Grito" which began the War of Independence.[78]

title: Yuriria

text: Yuririhapundaro, Guanajuato, Mexico, also known as Yuriria ( ), is one of 46 municipalities in the Mexican state of Guanajuato.

title: Municipalities of Guanajuato

text: Guanajuato is a state in North Central Mexico that is divided into 46 municipalities. According to the 2015 Mexican Intercensal Survey, Guanajuato is the sixth most populous state with inhabitants and the 22nd largest by land area spanning .

title: Michoacán–Guanajuato volcanic field

text: Michoacán–Guanajuato volcanic field is located in central Mexico. It is a volcanic field that takes the form of a large cinder cone field, with numerous shield volcanoes and maars.

title: Spaniards in Mexico

text: The largest population of Spanish descent are located in Mexico Valley, Puebla-Veracruz region, Bajío region, Guadalajara Valley, Altos de Jalisco, Northern region and Riviera Maya, where they make up the largest proportion of the Spanish population. Large populations are found in the states like Mexico City, Mexico State, Veracruz, Puebla, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Aguascalientes, Durango, Guanajuato, Querétaro, and Chihuahua. Also, Northern Mexico is inhabited by many millions of Spanish descendants. Some states like Zacatecas, Sinaloa, Baja California, Sonora, San Luis Potosí and Tamaulipas.

title: Nuestra Belleza Guanajuato 2010

text: Nuestra Belleza Guanajuato 2010, was held at the Auditorio Municipal Mariano Abasolo Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Mexico on July 23, 2010. At the conclusion of the final night of competition, Helena Baca of León was crowned the winner. Baca was crowned by outgoing Nuestra Belleza Guanajuato titleholder, Clementina Velázquez. Ten contestants competed for the state title.

title: Guanajuato

text: The years after the end of the War of Independence were extremely unstable, and would continue to be unstable through most of the rest of the 19th century. Dolores and San Miguel adopted the names of Dolores Hidalgo and San Miguel de Allende in honor of those who began the independence movement and in 1826, the first constitution of the state of Guanajuato was adopted.[26] Like much of the rest of the country, Guanajuato was affected by the prolonged fighting between Liberal and Conservative factions as well as the foreign incursions that dominated the 19th century. Guanajuato's status vacillated between state (when Liberals were in charge) and department (when Conservatives held the upper hand). Under Liberal ideals, educational institutions such as the Colegio de la Santisima Trinidad and the Colegio de la Purisima Concepción were secularized and under control of the State.[26] In 1847, General Gabriel Valencia raised an army of 6,000 men to fight the U.S. invasion of Mexico. In 1848, in opposition to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, General Marian Paredes, General Manuel Doblado and priest Celedonio Dómeco de Jarauta revolted, taking the state capital, but they were defeated and Domeco was executed by firing squad.[23] In 1855, Conservative Manuel Doblado, then the governor of Guanajuato, forced Juan Álvarez out of the presidency after he took power from Antonio López de Santa Anna.[26] In 1858, the government under President Benito Juárez moved from Mexico City to the city of Guanajuato before moving again to Manzanillo and then Veracruz during the Reform War. During this three-year period, the state would vacillate various times between the Liberals and Conservatives. In 1863, it was taken over by the French as they installed Maximilian I as emperor of Mexico. Maximillian did not reign long but the governor he appointed for Guanajuato, Florencio Antillón remained in Guanajuato until 1877.[23]

title: Guanajuato Inland Port

text:
Located at the center of Mexico Guanajuato Inland Port or GTO Inland Port is a dry port facility in Guanajuato, Mexico.
The Guanajuato are primarily Industrial Parks. Santa Fe I and II were designed and built in partnership with a Mexican industrial developer. It offers land for manufacturing and logistic operations.

title: Silao, Guanajuato

text: Silao is a municipality in the west-central part of the state of Guanajuato in Mexico. Its seat is the city of the same name.

title: Guanajuato River

text: The Guanajuato's River () is a tributary of the Lerma River in the central near region of Mexico called the Bajio (Lowlands). The river begins in the silver-rich Guanajuato mountains near the state capital of Guanajuato. The river is fed by the Guanajuato river basinca (in Spanish: "cuenca") (a sub-basin to the much larger Lerma–Chapala Basin) and has an area of 3,320 km², which makes up approximately 10.32% of the total area of the state. There are approximately 900,000 people living in the Guanajuato River basin area, in the municipalities of Guanajuato, Irapuato, Romita, San Francisco del Rincon, Manuel Doblado and Pueblo Nuevo.

title: Guanajuato City

text: The world-famous Festival Internacional Cervantino is an annual cultural event, held in the city of Guanajuato, which sponsors a large number of artistic and cultural events with artists invited from Mexico and all over the world. The event is named in honor of Miguel de Cervantes, author of "Don Quixote". The festival began in 1972, as short plays performed by University of Guanajuato students based on the works of Cervantes. In 2010, special guests included the state of Querétaro and the country of Colombia. The 2010 edition of the festival included performers such as Tangokineses from Argentina, Cumbia Cienaguera from Colombia. In total there were 424 events over 26 days.

title: Handcrafts and folk art in Guanajuato

text: Many of the wares are sold in major outlets such as the city of Guanajuato and San Miguel de Allende, making them important destinations for handcraft shoppers. This is particularly true of San Miguel de Allende, as it is popular with US tourists and retirees. It not only sells wares from the state but from other parts of Mexico as well. One noted outlet for Guanajuato wares is the La Cada del Diseño en San Miguel de Allende, which has been in the Llamas family since the early 20th century. In addition to selling wares from Guanajuato and other parts of Mexico, it is also a family workshop, that produced tin and glass items.


query: What is the heaviest element in the periodic table?

title: Oganesson

text: Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Og and atomic number 118. It was first synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow in Russia, by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of the international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. It was formally named on 28 November 2016.[18][19] The name is in line with the tradition of honoring a scientist, in this case the nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian, who has played a leading role in the discovery of the heaviest elements in the periodic table. It is one of only two elements named after a person who was alive at the time of naming, the other being seaborgium; it is also the only element whose namesake is alive today.[20]

title: Mendeleev's predicted elements

text: Dmitri Mendeleev published a periodic table of the chemical elements in 1869 based on properties that appeared with some regularity as he laid out the elements from lightest to heaviest. When Mendeleev proposed his periodic table, he noted gaps in the table and predicted that as-then-unknown elements existed with properties appropriate to fill those gaps. He named them eka-boron, eka-aluminium and eka-silicon with atomic masses 44, 68 and 72 respectively.

title: Nihonium

text: In late 2009, the JINR–LLNL collaboration studied the Bk + Ca reaction in an effort to produce element 117, which would decay to elements 115 and 113 and bolster their claims in a cross-reaction. They were now joined by scientists from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Vanderbilt University, both in Tennessee, United States, who helped procure the rare and highly radioactive berkelium target necessary to complete the JINR's calcium-48 campaign to synthesise the heaviest elements on the periodic table. Two isotopes of element 117 were synthesised, decaying to element 115 and then element 113:

title: Extended periodic table

text: The stability of nuclei decreases greatly with the increase in atomic number after plutonium, the heaviest primordial element, so that all isotopes with an atomic number above 101 decay radioactively with a half-life under a day, with an exception of dubnium-268. No elements with atomic numbers above 82 (after lead) have stable isotopes. Nevertheless, because of reasons not very well understood yet, there is a slight increased nuclear stability around atomic numbers 110–114, which leads to the appearance of what is known in nuclear physics as the "island of stability". This concept, proposed by University of California professor Glenn Seaborg, explains why superheavy elements last longer than predicted.

title: Term symbol

text: Term symbols for the ground states of most chemical elements are given in the collapsed table below (with citations for the heaviest elements ). In the d-block and f-block, the term symbols are not always the same for elements in the same column of the periodic table.

title: Period 1 element

text: A period 1 element is one of the chemical elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate periodic (recurring) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The first period contains fewer elements than any other row in the table, with only two: hydrogen and helium. This situation can be explained by modern theories of atomic structure. In a quantum mechanical description of atomic structure, this period corresponds to the filling of the 1s orbital. Period 1 elements obey the duet rule in that they need two electrons to complete their valence shell. The maximum number of electrons that these elements can accommodate is two, both in the 1s orbital. Therefore, period 1 can have only two elements.

title: Period (periodic table)

text: Period 6 is the first period to include the f-block, with the lanthanides (also known as the rare earth elements), and includes the heaviest stable elements. Many of these heavy metals are toxic and some are radioactive, but platinum and gold are largely inert.

title: Extended periodic table

text: Fricke's predictions – up to element 184 – also found some elements to be displaced from the Aufbau principle as a consequence of relativistic effects. He predicted that after element 120, a long transition series (the "superactinides") characterized by the filling of 5g and 6f orbitals would begin, and continue until element 154. A fifth transition metal series in which 7d orbitals are filled then would contain elements 155-164, and the eighth period would possibly end there. It is also possible that element 157 is in fact the first 7d transition metal, another shift resulting from relativistic effects. Elements 165 and 166 were predicted to be alkali and alkaline earth metals, though they may also mix characteristics of groups 11 and 12 and instead be placed below roentgenium and copernicium, respectively. Finally, elements 167 to 172 would be the heaviest members of groups 13-18. Fricke initially proposed that elements 165-172 would constitute a ninth period, as these elements may follow a similar pattern to periods 2 and 3 and have no transition metals. Due to overlapping orbitals and possible mixing of group characteristics in superheavy elements, element 172 may instead close period 8, however.

title: Period (periodic table)

text: All elements of period 7 are radioactive. This period contains the heaviest element which occurs naturally on Earth, plutonium. All of the subsequent elements in the period have been synthesized artificially. Whilst five of these (from americium to einsteinium) are now available in macroscopic quantities, most are extremely rare, having only been prepared in microgram amounts or less. Some of the later elements have only ever been identified in laboratories in quantities of a few atoms at a time.

title: Periodic table

text: The organization of the periodic table can be used to derive relationships between the various element properties, and also to predict chemical properties and behaviours of undiscovered or newly synthesized elements. Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev published the first recognizable periodic table in 1869, developed mainly to illustrate periodic trends of the then-known elements. He also predicted some properties of unidentified elements that were expected to fill gaps within the table. Most of his forecasts proved to be correct. Mendeleev's idea has been slowly expanded and refined with the discovery or synthesis of further new elements and the development of new theoretical models to explain chemical behaviour. The modern periodic table now provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical reactions, and continues to be widely used in chemistry, nuclear physics and other sciences.

title: Unbinilium

text: Ununennium and unbinilium (elements 119 and 120) are the lightest elements that have not yet been synthesized: all the preceding elements have been synthesized, culminating in oganesson (element 118), the heaviest-known element, which completes the seventh row of the periodic table. Attempts to synthesize elements 119 and 120 push the limits of current technology, due to the decreasing cross sections of the production reactions and their probably short half-lives, expected to be on the order of microseconds. Heavier elements would likely be too short-lived to be detected with current technology: they would decay within a microsecond, before reaching the detectors.

title: Copernicium

text: Copernicium is the tenth and last member of the 6d series and is the heaviest group 12 element in the periodic table, below zinc, cadmium and mercury. It is predicted to differ significantly from the lighter group 12 elements. The valence s-subshells of the group 12 elements and period 7 elements are expected to be relativistically contracted most strongly at copernicium. This and the closed-shell configuration of copernicium result in it probably being a very noble metal. Its metallic bonds should also be very weak, possibly making it extremely volatile, like the noble gases, and potentially making it gaseous at room temperature. However, it should be able to form metal–metal bonds with copper, palladium, platinum, silver, and gold; these bonds are predicted to be only about 15–20 kJ/mol weaker than the analogous bonds with mercury.

title: Numerology

text: The discovery of atomic triads, an early attempt to sort the elements into some logical order by their physical properties, was once considered a form of numerology, and yet ultimately led to the construction of the periodic table. Here the atomic weight of the lightest element and the heaviest are summed, and averaged, and the average is found to be very close to that of the intermediate weight element. This didn't work with every triplet in the same group, but worked often enough to allow later workers to create generalizations.

title: Tennessine

text: Tennessine is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Ts and atomic number 117. It is the second-heaviest known element and the penultimate element of the 7th period of the periodic table.

title: Period 2 element

text: A period 2 element is one of the chemical elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behavior of the elements as their atomic number increases; a new row is started when chemical behavior begins to repeat, creating columns of elements with similar properties.

title: Flerovium

text: In the periodic table of the elements, it is a transactinide element in the p-block. It is a member of the 7th period and is the heaviest known member of the carbon group; it is also the heaviest element whose chemistry has been investigated. Initial chemical studies performed in 2007–2008 indicated that flerovium was unexpectedly volatile for a group 14 element; in preliminary results it even seemed to exhibit properties similar to those of the noble gases. More recent results show that flerovium's reaction with gold is similar to that of copernicium, showing that it is a very volatile element that may even be gaseous at standard temperature and pressure, that it would show metallic properties, consistent with it being the heavier homologue of lead, and that it would be the least reactive metal in group 14. The question of whether flerovium behaves more like a metal or a noble gas is still unresolved as of 2018.

title: Period (periodic table)

text: Period 5 has the same number of elements as period 4 and follows the same general structure but with one more post transition metal and one fewer nonmetal. Of the three heaviest elements with biological roles, two (molybdenum and iodine) are in this period; tungsten, in period 6, is heavier, along with several of the early lanthanides. Period 5 also includes technetium, the lightest exclusively radioactive element.

title: Table of nuclides (combined)

text:
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title: Periodic table

text: The number of possible elements is not known. A very early suggestion made by Elliot Adams in 1911, and based on the arrangement of elements in each horizontal periodic table row, was that elements of atomic weight greater than circa 256 (which would equate to between elements 99 and 100 in modern-day terms) did not exist. A higher—more recent—estimate is that the periodic table may end soon after the island of stability, which is expected to centre around element 126, as the extension of the periodic and nuclides tables is restricted by proton and neutron drip lines. Other predictions of an end to the periodic table include at element 128 by John Emsley, at element 137 by Richard Feynman, and at element 155 by Albert Khazan.

title: Periodic table

text:
In 1862, Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois, a French geologist, published an early form of periodic table, which he called the telluric helix or screw. He was the first person to notice the periodicity of the elements. With the elements arranged in a spiral on a cylinder by order of increasing atomic weight, de Chancourtois showed that elements with similar properties seemed to occur at regular intervals. His chart included some ions and compounds in addition to elements. His paper also used geological rather than chemical terms and did not include a diagram; as a result, it received little attention until the work of Dmitri Mendeleev.
In 1864, Julius Lothar Meyer, a German chemist, published a table with 28 elements. Realizing that an arrangement according to atomic weight did not exactly fit the observed periodicity in chemical properties he gave valency priority over minor differences in atomic weight. A missing element between Si and Sn was predicted with atomic weight 73 and valency 4. Concurrently, English chemist William Odling published an arrangement of 57 elements, ordered on the basis of their atomic weights. With some irregularities and gaps, he noticed what appeared to be a periodicity of atomic weights among the elements and that this accorded with "their usually received groupings". Odling alluded to the idea of a periodic law but did not pursue it. He subsequently proposed (in 1870) a valence-based classification of the elements.

title: Period 6 element

text: Astatine is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on the Earth only as the result of decay of heavier elements, and decays away rapidly, so much less is known about this element than its upper neighbors in the periodic table. Earlier studies have shown this element follows periodic trends, being the heaviest known halogen, with melting and boiling points being higher than those of lighter halogens.

title: Extended periodic table

text: As some superheavy elements were predicted to lie beyond the seven-period periodic table, an additional eighth period containing these elements was first proposed by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969. This model continued the pattern in established elements and introduced a new g-block and superactinide series beginning at element 121, raising the number of elements in period 8 compared to known periods. These early calculations failed to consider relativistic effects that break down periodic trends and render simple extrapolation impossible, however. In 1971, Fricke calculated the periodic table up to "Z" = 172, and discovered that some elements indeed had different properties that break the established pattern, and a 2010 calculation by Pekka Pyykkö also noted that several elements might behave differently than expected. It is unknown how far the periodic table might extend beyond the known 118 elements, as heavier elements are predicted to be increasingly unstable. Glenn T. Seaborg suggested that the highest possible element may be under "Z" = 130, while Walter Greiner predicted that there may not be a highest possible element.

title: Clemens Winkler

text: To place germanium into the periodic table, Mendeleev suggested that it might be ekacadmium, an element he had predicted earlier. In contrast, Lothar Meyer favored an identification of germanium with ekasilicon, a different predicted element. Winkler isolated more of the pure material, and eventually obtained enough to measure some of its physical and chemical properties. His results showed unequivocally that Meyer's interpretation was the correct one and that nearly all of the new element's properties matched Mendeleev predictions. The close match between what had been predicted for ekasilicon and what was found for germanium was clear evidence for the utility and power of the periodic table and the concept of periodicity.

title: Extended periodic table (detailed cells)

text: The current standard table contains 7 "periods", culminating in oganesson, which has atomic number 118. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior. If further elements with higher atomic numbers than this are discovered, they will be placed in additional periods, laid out (as with the existing periods) to illustrate periodically recurring trends in the properties of the elements concerned. Any additional periods are expected to contain a larger number of elements than the seventh period, as they are calculated to have an additional so-called g-block, containing 18 elements with partially filled "g-orbitals" in each period. An eight-period table containing this block was suggested by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969.

title: List of elements by stability of isotopes

text: Of the first 82 elements in the periodic table, 80 have isotopes considered to be stable. The 83rd element, bismuth, was traditionally regarded as having the heaviest stable isotope, bismuth-209, but in 2003 researchers in Orsay, France, measured the half-life of to be . Technetium, promethium (atomic numbers 43 and 61, respectively) and all the elements with an atomic number over 82 only have isotopes that are known to decompose through radioactive decay. No undiscovered elements are expected to be stable; therefore, lead is considered the heaviest stable element. However, it is possible that some isotopes that are now considered stable will be revealed to decay with extremely long half-lives (as with ). This list depicts what is agreed upon by the consensus of the scientific community as of 2016.

title: Alternative periodic tables

text: Alternative periodic tables are developed often to highlight or emphasize different chemical or physical properties of the elements which are not as apparent in traditional periodic tables. Some tables aim to emphasize both the nucleon and electronic structure of atoms. This can be done by changing the spatial relationship or representation each element has with respect to another element in the table. Other tables aim to emphasize the chemical element isolations by humans over time.

title: Period 3 element

text: A period 3 element is one of the chemical elements in the third row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when the periodic table skips a row and a chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behavior fall into the same vertical columns. The third period contains eight elements: sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and argon. The first two, sodium and magnesium, are members of the s-block of the periodic table, while the others are members of the p-block. Note that there is a 3d subshell, but it is not filled until period 4, such giving the period table its characteristic shape of "two rows at a time". All of the period 3 elements occur in nature and have at least one stable isotope.

title: Period 7 element

text: "Transactinide elements" (also, transactinides, or super-heavy elements) are the chemical elements with atomic numbers greater than those of the actinides, the heaviest of which is lawrencium (103). All transactinides of period 7 have been discovered, up to oganesson (element 118).

title: Berkelium

text: Just over one gram of berkelium has been produced in the United States since 1967. There is no practical application of berkelium outside scientific research which is mostly directed at the synthesis of heavier transuranic elements and transactinides. A 22 milligram batch of berkelium-249 was prepared during a 250-day irradiation period and then purified for a further 90 days at Oak Ridge in 2009. This sample was used to synthesize the new element tennessine for the first time in 2009 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia, after it was bombarded with calcium-48 ions for 150 days. This was the culmination of the Russia–US collaboration on the synthesis of the heaviest elements on the periodic table.

title: Period 7 element

text: A period 7 element is one of the chemical elements in the seventh row (or "period") of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The seventh period contains 32 elements, tied for the most with period 6, beginning with francium and ending with oganesson, the heaviest element currently discovered. As a rule, period 7 elements fill their 7s shells first, then their 5f, 6d, and 7p shells, in that order; however, there are exceptions, such as plutonium.

title: Period (periodic table)

text: Period 4 includes the biologically essential elements potassium and calcium, and is the first period in the d-block with the lighter transition metals. These include iron, the heaviest element forged in main-sequence stars and a principal component of the Earth, as well as other important metals such as cobalt, nickel, and copper. Almost all have biological roles.


query: When was Steven John Wilson born?

title: Steven Wilson

text: Steven John Wilson (born 3 November 1967) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer, most closely associated with the progressive rock genre. Currently a solo artist, he became known as the founder, lead guitarist, lead vocalist and songwriter of the band Porcupine Tree, as well as being a member of several other bands.

title: Nettie Stevens

text: Although Stevens and Wilson both worked on chromosomal sex determination, many authors have credited Wilson alone for the discovery. Wilson did not realize how significant the small (Y) chromosomes are for sex determination until Stevens had completed and published her research. Before he read her papers, he had believed that environmental factors played a role in sex determination. Additionally, Thomas Hunt Morgan has been credited with the discovery of sex chromosomes although at the time of these cytological discoveries, he argued against Wilson's and Stevens' interpretations. Morgan's recognition came in part from his work on sex linkage of the "white" mutant gene of fruit flies and was especially heightened by his Nobel Prize award in 1933. Stevens was not even recognized immediately after her discovery. For example, Morgan and Wilson were invited to speak at a conference to present their theories on sex determination in 1906 but Stevens was not invited to speak.

title: Doris Stevens

text: Stevens met her first husband, Dudley Field Malone, when he represented her for her protest in front of the White House. He had been serving as an Assistant Secretary of State in the Wilson cabinet, but was converted to the suffragist cause and resigned his post. He appeared with Stevens at fundraising events and helped raise thousands of dollars for their cause, which was gaining momentum, as President Wilson finally endorsed enfranchisement. Between 1918 and 1919, Stevens continued alternating speaking engagements and picketing. She was arrested again, along with Elsie Hill, Alice Paul and three "Jane Doe" suffragists at the NWP demonstration of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York in March 1919. On 4 September 1920, the fight was won when Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby proclaimed the necessary 36 states had ratified the 19th Amendment with Tennessee's ratification. Stevens published the quintessential insider account of the imprisonment of NWP activists, "Jailed for Freedom", in 1920.

title: Laterna

text:
Stevie Wonder
Cat Stevens
Wilson Pickett
The Beatles
Chuck Berry
Elvis Presley
Precious Wilson
Eruption
Bob Dylan
Omar and the Howlers
John Denver
Nat King Cole

title: James Wilson (Welsh footballer)

text: James Steven Wilson (born 26 February 1989) is a Welsh international footballer currently playing for club Lincoln City. Wilson is a central defender who can also play at right-back if required.

title: Steven Wilson

text: Born in Kingston upon Thames,[8] London, Wilson was raised from age six in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, where he discovered his interest in music around the age of eight. According to Wilson, his life was changed one Christmas when his parents bought presents for each other in the form of LPs. His father and mother received Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon and Donna Summer's Love to Love You Baby, respectively. It was Wilson's affinity for these albums that helped craft his guitar and songwriting abilities.[9]

title: Steven Wilson

text: In 2016, Steven Wilson was named one of the 15 best progressive rock guitarists through the years by Guitar World magazine.[109] He was also ranked the 7th best prog guitarist of 2016 by a MusicRadar readers' poll.[110] Steven Wilson was awarded the UK band/artist of the year by Prog in 2018.[111]

title: John Wilson Bengough

text: Bengough's father married Margaret Wilson, an Irish immigrant born in Bailieborough in County Cavan, and the couple had six children: five sons and a daughter. John Wilson Bengough was the second, born into the deeply Protestant family on 7 April 1851 in Toronto, where the elder Bengough had run a shop on Victoria Street in the 1840s. It is not known when they moved to Toronto, but it is known that by 1853 the family had moved back to Whitby.

title: 2003 Abbeville, South Carolina right-of-way standoff

text: Early on December 8, 2003, a highway worker contacted police accusing Arthur and Steven Bixby of making threatening statements, and again disrupting the laying out of survey stakes along Highway 72. Abbeville County Sheriff's Deputy Sgt. Daniel "Danny Boy" Wilson responded to this complaint, arriving at the Bixbys' home around 9:15 AM, only to be shot by Steven Bixby at point-blank range with a 7mm Magnum rifle. At both Steven Bixby's trial and at Rita Bixby's trial, the prosecution presented evidence that Steven Bixby dragged Wilson into the house, used Wilson's handcuffs to cuff his hands behind his back, made a "citizen’s arrest" of Wilson for trespassing and read him his Miranda rights. Wilson was then held hostage for the next fourteen hours, sometime during which he died from his wound. Wilson had been shot by a hunting rifle, which had been fired by Steven Bixby. The shot was fired by Steven Bixby from inside the Bixby home, through a window and struck Danny Wilson underneath his armpit. After making vain attempts to contact Wilson, authorities sent State Constable Donnie Ouzts to investigate. Within minutes, Ouzts was fatally shot as well.

title: Gary Stevens (footballer, born 1962)

text: Stevens left Spurs for Portsmouth in 1990 but persistent injuries forced him to retire in 1992. He had never fully recovered from a knee injury suffered in November 1988 when heavily tackled by Vinnie Jones. At the time of the challenge, Gary Stevens was contesting possession of the ball with John Fashanu near the touchline when Jones slid into him.

title: Robert L. Stevens

text: Stevens was born in Hoboken, New Jersey on October 18, 1787. He was the second son of thirteen children born to Rachel (née Cox) Stevens and Colonel John Stevens III. His siblings included older brother John Cox Stevens, the first commodore of the New York Yacht Club, and younger brother Edwin Augustus Stevens, who founded the Stevens Institute of Technology.

title: Gahan Wilson

text: Wilson is the subject of a feature-length documentary film, "Gahan Wilson: Born Dead, Still Weird", directed by Steven-Charles Jaffe.

title: John Peters Stevens

text: Stevens was born on February 2, 1868 in North Andover, Massachusetts to Horace Nathaniel Stevens (1837–1876) and Susan Elizabeth (née Peters) Stevens (1835–1871). He was the seventh generation descendant of John Stevens, who came to the United States in 1638. His paternal grandfather was Nathaniel Stevens (1786–1865). His uncles were U.S. Representative Charles Abbot Stevens (1816–1892), Moses Tyler Stevens (1825–1907), and George Stevens (1832–1871).

title: John Calvin Stevens

text: Stevens was the son of Maria Wingate and Leander Stevens, a cabinet maker and builder of fancy carriages. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, but when he was two, his family moved to Portland, Maine.

title: Harmonium (poetry collection)

text: Edmund Wilson, writing in "The New Republic" in 1924, spoke without pretence for most readers of Stevens: "Even when you do not know what he is saying, you know that he is saying it well". This 'Wilson effect' is no doubt linked to Stevens' "Adagia" aphorism, "Poetry must resist the intelligence almost successfully". "Colloquy with a Polish Aunt" is a good candidate for a Wilson award.

title: John A. Wilson (topographical engineer)

text:
Wilson was born on March 9, 1789, in Stirling, Scotland to Eliza Gibbes and James Wilson (d. 1798), a Lieutenant in the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot of the British Army. Throughout the American Revolutionary War, the elder Wilson (James) served as an engineer in the British forces, under Major Moncrief of the Royal Engineers. James Wilson was severely wounded at the siege of Charleston, South Carolina, in 1780. Wilson remained in Charleston until the close of the war, and married there a daughter of Dr. Robert Wilson, a local physician of prominence.
The elder Wilson returned to Stirling where his son, John was born in 1789. John Wilson attended the University of Edinburgh and at the end of his studies traveled to the United States to rejoin his family in South Carolina circa 1807. He found work as an engineer and surveyor, preparing a map of South Carolina.

title: Blair Stewart-Wilson

text: Born Blair Aubyn Wilson in Chelsea to Lieut. Aubyn Harold Raymond Wilson and his wife, Muriel Athelstan Hood Stewart (later Stewart-Stevens, remarried to Major Charles Greville Bartlett Stevens, then Stewart-Stevens), 10th "Lady" of Balnakeilly, Stewart-Wilson was educated at Eton College.

title: The Cascades (band)

text: In 1960, the Silver Strands were a group of United States Navy personnel serving on the USS "Jason" (AR-8) based in San Diego, California. They recruited John Gummoe, who originally acted as manager, then left the Navy to become The Thundernotes. The group's membership consisted of John Claude "John" Gummoe (born August 2, 1938) (lead vocals), Lenny Green (vocal and lead guitar), Dave Wilson (drums and vocal), Dave Stevens (bass), and Art Eastlick (rhythm guitar). Their first and only recording, "Thunder Rhythm" (and "Payday" on the reverse of the 45rpm) was with DelFi Records of Hollywood, owned and managed by Bob Keane. It was a surf-type instrumental. Lenny left soon after to pursue his own goals and the group acquired Eddie Snyder (guitar), David Szabo (keyboards), Dave Stevens (bass) and Dave Wilson (drums).

title: Gary Wilson (1970s pitcher)

text: Gary Steven Wilson (born November 21, 1954) is a former relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Houston Astros in the 1979 season. Listed at 6' 2", 185 lb., Wilson batted and threw right handed. He was born in Camden, Arkansas.

title: John Wilson (London politician)

text: John Wilson (born c. 1941) was a Labour Party member of the Greater London Council from May 1977 until the council was abolished in 1986. He was Chief Whip of the Labour group in 1984 when Ken Livingstone resigned from the GLC to force a by-election aimed at showing the popularity of the GLC. Wilson acted as Leader of the GLC while Livingstone was not a member.

title: Bob Wilson (footballer, born 1941)

text: Wilson married Megs on 25 July 1964 at Holy Trinity church, and they had three children: John (born 1965), Anna (1966–1998) and Robert (born 1968). His son John Wilson is a presenter on "Front Row", the BBC Radio 4 arts programme. Robert Wilson is a commercial photographer.

title: Larry Stevens

text: Stevens was born in Tacoma, Washington, and attended Woodrow Wilson High School in Tacoma. He was a star athlete in both basketball and football for Woodrow Wilson. He was considered the top football prospect in the State of Washington in the Class of 2000 and had offers from Washington, Oregon, UCLA, Nebraska, Michigan and other schools. The "Seattle Post-Intelligencer" described Stevens this way: "Stevens is the ultimate catch because of the things he can do with his 6-foot-4, 230-pound frame. He runs 40 yards in 4.6 seconds. He can dunk a basketball backward from a standing position. He can reach the end zone in any number of ways."

title: Charles Stevens (pastor)

text:
Stevens was born on January 10, 1892, to David Samuel and Mary Holt Stevens. Wilson's Mill, North Carolina, was their home until his family moved to Durham, North Carolina, when he was three and two years later to Greensboro, North Carolina. Before his eighth birthday, Charles found himself hard at work in a textile mill to help supplement his family's income. It was during this time that Mary Stevens, Charles' mother, died. His mother was spiritually instrumental in those early years of his life. She read Foster's Story of the Bible to her children. Charles later said that he "believed God called him into the ministry when he was three years old," in part, due to these readings. However, he did not have a "definite conversion experience" until several years later.
A year after his mother's death David Stevens once again moved his family. This time it was back to Wilson's Mill, North Carolina. Buies Creek Academy is where, during this time, Charles Stevens began his first schooling. After only a year and half, Charles was prepared for college. He then enrolled at Wake Forest University. Here he was honored in his studies, ran track, and became "convinced of the Lord's call to Christian service," according to professor William Thompson.

title: John Stevens (architect)

text: John Stevens was born in 1824. His early life is unknown, and he established himself as an architect in Boston in 1850. After several years primarily designing schools and private residences, he began receiving commissions for churches by the end of the 1850s. He built these churches, generally in the Romanesque Revival style, in Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont, and Rhode Island. From 1860 to 1862 he employed Archimedes Russell, who would later become a prominent architect in Syracuse, New York. In 1869 he was briefly associated with S. F. Pratt, at which time he was working on buildings at Oak Bluffs. He remained in Massachusetts until 1879, when he established a partnership with his son, J. Walter Stevens, and moved west to St. Paul, Minnesota. John Stevens & Son operated until April 14, 1881, when Stevens died while on a visit to Worcester, Massachusetts.

title: John Eyre (Canadian politician)

text: He was born in Launceston, Cornwall, United Kingdom in 1824 and came to Cobourg with his family in 1832. He was admitted to practice as an attorney in 1851. He settled at Brighton in 1853 and married Calista Stevens, granddaughter of bishop John Reynolds, in 1856. Eyre was defeated in the 1871 election for the same seat by William Wilson Webb. He was one of the original shareholders of the Brighton Wharf Company.

title: John Wilson (Scottish writer)

text: John Wilson was born at Paisley, the son of John Wilson, a wealthy gauze manufacturer who died in 1796, when John was eleven years old, and Margaret Syme (1753–1825). He was the fourth child, but the eldest son, and he had nine brothers and sisters. He was only twelve when he entered the University of Glasgow, and continued to attend various classes for six years, mostly under Professor George Jardine, with whose family he lived. During this period Wilson excelled in sport as well as academic subjects, and fell in love with Margaret Fletcher, who was the object of his affections for several years. Fellow student Alexander Blair became a very close friend.

title: John Stevens (cricketer, born 1854)

text: John Stevens (5 October 1854 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Stevens was a right-handed batsman. He was born at Guildford, Surrey.

title: J. P. Stevens High School

text: The population of J.P. Stevens High School enters primarily from John Adams Middle School and Woodrow Wilson Middle School.

title: Insurgentes (album)

text: On 16 July 2008, a photograph showing Steven Wilson in the central sculpture of the Espacio Escultórico (Spanish for "Sculptural Space") of UNAM's Ciudad Universitaria —located nearby the Avenida de los Insurgentes—, with a cloudy sky background and the phrase «STEVEN WILSON - INSURGENTES ...COMING SOON...» appeared in the main page at Steven Wilson's official site.

title: Atmospherics (album)

text:
Composed by Steven Wilson, except "Aftermath" written by Steven Wilson/Theo Travis
All instruments: Steven Wilson


query: What was the first book in the Pretty Little Liars series?

title: Pretty Little Liars (book series)

text: Pretty Little Liars is a series of young adult novels by Sara Shepard. Beginning with 2006's initial novel of the same name, the series follows the lives of four girls– Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Aria Montgomery and Emily Fields.

title: For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars)

text: "For Whom the Bell Tolls" is the season finale of the first season of the American mystery-drama series "Pretty Little Liars", based on the novels written by Sara Shepard, and the twenty-second episode of the series overall. It originally aired on ABC Family in the United States on March 21, 2011. The episode was directed by Lesli Linka Glatter and written by I. Marlene King.

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 1)

text: Originally developed as a television series by book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea was described as ""Desperate Housewives" for teens." Alloy met with author Shepard, and gave her the property to develop into a book series. With Alloy and Warner Horizon interested in producing a "Pretty Little Liars" television series for years, it was first planned for The WB in 2005 with a different writer. The first novel was published by HarperTeen in October 2006. In June 2008, Alloy noted that it was developing a "Pretty Little Liars" television pilot for ABC Family. The novels are being adapted for television by I. Marlene King.

title: Sara Shepard

text: Shepard's book series Pretty Little Liars and The Lying Game have both been turned into television series by ABC Family (now under the name of Freeform). The Pretty Little Liars series of novels is "loosely based on her experiences growing up in Chester County.[3] The adaptation television series Pretty Little Liars lasted for 7 seasons. It also had a short-lived spin-off starring cast member Tyler Blackburn as Caleb Rivers, entitled Ravenswood.[4] Actresses Troian Bellisario, Ashley Benson, Shay Mitchell, and Lucy Hale star as the main characters Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Emily Fields and Aria Montgomery. Shepard had a cameo on two episodes of the show: "The Homecoming Hangover" and "I'm a Good Girl, I Am".[5]

title: Pretty Little Liars

text: On September 25, 2017, Freeform announced that a second spin-off series, titled Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists, had been ordered, with Pieterse and Parrish reprising their roles as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal respectively.[5] On May 14, 2018, Freeform picked up the series for a 10-episode first season, set to air in 2019.[6][7] In a 2018 panel, Parrish said that some plot points created in Pretty Little Liars will be resolved during the spin-off.[8]

title: Pretty Little Liars

text: Originally developed as a television series by book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea was described as "Desperate Housewives for teens."[14] Alloy met with author Shepard and gave her the property to develop into a book series.[14] With Alloy and Warner Horizon Television interested in producing Pretty Little Liars as a television series for years, it was first planned for The WB in 2005 with a different writer until the network shut down in early 2006 and reestablished as The CW later that year.[15] The first novel was published by HarperTeen in October 2006.[16] In June 2008, Alloy noted that it was developing a Pretty Little Liars television pilot for ABC Family,[14] with the novels adapted for television.[15] After the pilot was shot in Vancouver in December 2009, filming for the rest of the series moved to Los Angeles.[17][18] The series was primarily filmed at the Warner Bros. studio and backlot in the city of Burbank, near Los Angeles.[19] In June 2012, the series was selected by lottery for a California film and TV tax credit.[20]

title: List of Pretty Little Liars episodes

text: "Pretty Little Liars" is a TV series which premiered on ABC Family on June 8, 2010. Developed by I. Marlene King, the series is based on the "Pretty Little Liars" book series by Sara Shepard. The series follows the lives of four girls, Aria Montgomery, Hanna Marin, Emily Fields, and Spencer Hastings, whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their leader, Alison DiLaurentis. One year later, the estranged friends are reunited as they begin receiving messages from a mysterious figure named "A" who threatens to expose their deepest secrets, including ones they thought only Alison knew.

title: Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars)

text: Red Coat is a fictional character on the television show "Pretty Little Liars," which was adapted from the book series of same name. Introduced during the second-season finale, she became the primary antagonist of the third and fourth seasons.

title: Free Fall (Pretty Little Liars)

text: "Free Fall" is the twentieth episode of the fourth season of "Pretty Little Liars", an American mystery drama television series based on the novel series written by Sara Shepard, and is the ninety-first episode of the series. The episode, directed by Melanie Mayron and written by Maya Goldsmith, originally aired on February 18, 2014 on ABC Family.

title: Sara Harvey (Pretty Little Liars)

text: Sara Harvey is a fictional character in the Freeform television series adaption of the "Pretty Little Liars" book series. She is portrayed by model Dre Davis. Sara is introduced as a false protagonist, only to be exposed as "Big A's" ally during "Game Over, Charles". Harvey is murdered in "Wanted: Dead or Alive" by an unknown assailant and found dead in her hotel room's bathtub by a cleaner. Sara's killer was revealed to be Noel Kahn during "These Boots Were Made for Stalking".

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 1)

text: The first season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 8, 2010 and concluded on March 21, 2011 on ABC Family.

title: Pretty Little Liars (novel)

text: Pretty Little Liars is the first book in the "Pretty Little Liars" series by Sara Shepard. It tells the story of four girls - Hanna, Aria, Emily and Spencer - after the disappearance of their clique leader, Alison. The book was written for the book packaging company Alloy Entertainment, the idea originally developed as a TV series.

title: Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists

text: Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists is an upcoming American teen drama television series developed by I. Marlene King. The series is a sequel to "Pretty Little Liars" and based on the novel "The Perfectionists" by Sara Shepard. Freeform ordered the series to pilot on September 25, 2017, as the second spin-off series of "Pretty Little Liars" which will include some of the main characters. Freeform picked up the series for a 10-episode first season on May 14, 2018.Freeform ordered the show to pilot on September 25, 2017, as a sequel to "Pretty Little Liars" and the second spin-off series following "Ravenswood". I. Marlene King wrote and Elizabeth Allen Rosenbaum directed the first two episodes, which are titled "Pilot" and "Sex, Lies and Alibies".

title: Pretty Dirty Secrets

text: The web series was written by Kyle Bown & Kim Turrisi and directed by Arthur Anderson. Kyle Bown, the assistant to "Pretty Little Liars" showrunner I. Marlene King, and Kim Turrisi, who is not part of the writing staff, were hired to write the web series by ABC Family, however the crew behind "Pretty Little Liars" was also used with the web series. The web series introduced Aeriél Miranda as Shana in the television series. None of the series regulars from "Pretty Little Liars" appears in the web series.

title: Pretty Little Liars (book series)

text: The series is loosely divided into four arcs, chronicling the introduction and reveal of each "A". Set in the suburbs of Philadelphia, the series follows the lives of four teenage girls nicknamed the Pretty little Liars or simply the Liars, whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their Queen bee leader, "Alison DiLaurentis". A year after her disappearance, the girls begin receiving threatening messages from an anonymous character named "A," who threatens to expose their secrets, including long-hidden ones they thought only Alison knew. Shortly after the messages begin, Alison's body is discovered buried in her yard. The books progress with the four girls trying to figure out the identity of "A" and facing many dangerous obstacles and twists as they do so.

title: List of Pretty Little Liars characters

text: "Pretty Little Liars" is an American teen drama television series created by I. Marlene King for Freeform. It is based on Sara Shepard's novel series of the same name. Below is a list consisting of the many characters who have appeared throughout the series' seven-season run.

title: Pilot (Pretty Little Liars)

text: "Pilot" is the series premiere of the mystery drama series "Pretty Little Liars". It introduces each of the main characters, as well as establishes the basic premises of the series. The episode aired on June 8, 2010 on ABC Family.

title: Charlotte Drake

text: Charlotte Drake is a fictional character in "Pretty Little Liars", an American mystery drama television series based on the homonymous novel series written by Sara Shepard. Charlotte is a character that only appears in the television series and is portrayed by Vanessa Ray. The character is also featured in the "Pretty Little Liars" web series "Pretty Dirty Secrets".

title: Pretty Little Liars

text: The theme song for Pretty Little Liars is "Secret" by The Pierces, which was suggested by one of the show's stars, Ashley Benson.[36] The series featured music from artists such as Sara Bareilles, Rachel Platten, OneRepublic, Jessie J, McFly, Passion Pit, Lady Antebellum and Florence and the Machine. 2AM Club made a guest appearance in the first season episode "There's No Place Like Homecoming", with some of the songs appeared on their album, What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?[37][38] and ZZ Ward performed with two songs "Til the Casket Drops" and "Last Love Song" from her debut album, Til the Casket Drops to promote the series' third[39] and fifth[40] seasons. The series' soundtrack was released by WaterTower Music on February 15, 2011.[41]

title: Aeriél Miranda

text:
Aeriél Christine Gabrielle "ARI" Miranda (born April 3, 1992) is an American actress. She is best known for her recurring role as Shana Fring on the ABC Family series, "Pretty Little Liars" (2013–2015). She was first introduced as Shana on the web series, "Pretty Dirty Secrets" (2012), prior to appearing on "Pretty Little Liars".
Miranda also recurred as Lana on "The Nine Lives of Chloe King" and The CW series "The Tomorrow People". Other roles include Universal Pictures' "Straight Outta Compton" (2015) and the Oprah Winfrey Network comedy "For Better or Worse" (2016).

title: Freeform (TV channel)

text: On June 8, 2010, ABC Family premiered "Pretty Little Liars" – a teen drama based on the series of young-adult mystery novels by Sara Shepard. "Pretty Little Liars" quickly became ABC Family's flagship program, frequently breaking ratings records; by 2014, "Pretty Little Liars" had ranked among the five most-watched scripted series on basic cable among multiple female age demographics, and the second-highest rated cable series among females 12–34. Throughout the year, ABC Family as a whole experienced its highest year-to-year primetime viewership among viewers in the 12-34 and 18-34 demographics. With 4.9 million viewers across its first broadcast and an encore airing, the 2011 premiere of "Switched at Birth" surpassed "Secret Life" as the most-watched series premiere in network history.

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 6)

text: The sixth season of the American mystery drama television series "Pretty Little Liars", based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show ABC Family's longest running original series.

title: Grave New World (Pretty Little Liars)

text: Nick Campbell of TV.com expressed a mixed opinion about the episode, writing "We can't really say it was a disappointing outing for the Liars because of the ending, but it was almost a cheap trick to salvage a series full of weak events by pulling the Alison trump card." Lindsay Sperling of "We Got This Covered" lauded the episode's scenery, saying "The combination of the less intense tones and the ominous music might be a bit much when considered in the context of multiple episodes but I’d say that the new aesthetic choices are a welcome change, and looked more on par with what Pretty Little Liars generally delivers." Caroline Preece of "Den of Geek" called the episode "average" and opined that the episode "might have been the weakest Halloween special yet. " Elizabeth SanFilippo of Examiner.com gave the episode three out of five stars, writing that "the final moment of the "PLL" special was what made this episode worth watching." "The A.V. Club"'s Caroline Siede gave the episode a C+, finding the “slow and atmospheric” pace of the special unfitting for the series while praised the Liars' costumes, Spencer's in particular. Teresa Lopez of "TV Fanatic" gave the Halloween-themed episode two and a half stars (out of five), calling it "a disappointing follow-up, spending more time setting up the mysterious new show Ravenswood than advancing the plot of Pretty Little Liars." Lopez further added that the episode fell short of the "great background information coupled with a spooky story" in the season two Halloween special, "First Secret", and the "wild ride with an shocking final surprise" in the previous Halloween special, "This Is a Dark Ride".

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 7)

text: The seventh and final season of the American mystery drama television series "Pretty Little Liars", based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show Freeform's longest running original series.

title: Pretty Little Liars

text: A tie-in edition featuring the Season 1 poster and logo of the 2006 first novel in the Pretty Little Liars series was released on the date of the show's premiere,[74] as was the final book of the original book series, "Wanted".[75] "Wanted" later decidedly became the eighth book of the series, as Shepard later confirmed she would extend the series. A TV tie-in of the second book "Flawless" featuring an altered Season 3 poster was released on December 28, 2012.

title: Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)

text: Her character pays tribute to Alison and Courtney DiLaurentis, characters of the "Pretty Little Liars" book series.

title: Rosewood (Pretty Little Liars)

text: Rosewood is the fictional setting for both the "Pretty Little Liars" book series and the "Pretty Little Liars" television series. The fictional city is suggested to be loosely based on West Chester, Pennsylvania.

title: A (Pretty Little Liars)

text: "A" is a fictional character created in 2006 by author Sara Shepard. It is a character of both "Pretty Little Liars"' books and television series, and primarily appears as a stalker and the main antagonist of the stories. "A" is one of the main characters of the stories, appearing anonymously in the majority of the episodes and books.

title: Pretty Little Liars (season 3)

text: The third season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 5, 2012 on ABC Family and concluded on March 19, 2013. On November 29, 2011, ABC Family renewed the series for a third season, consisting of 24 episodes. Filming of the season began on April 2, 2012.

title: Escape from New York (Pretty Little Liars)

text: "Escape from New York" is the first episode and the premiere of the fifth season of the American mystery drama television series "Pretty Little Liars" and the 96th episode of the series overall. The episode was written by showrunner I. Marlene King and directed by Norman Buckley, it aired on June 10, 2014 on ABC Family and was watched by 2.72 viewers.


query: Where was Fran Drescher born?

title: Fran Drescher

text: Drescher was born on September 30, 1957, in Kew Gardens Hills, New York,[3] the daughter of Sylvia, a bridal consultant, and Morty Drescher, a naval systems analyst.[4] Her family is from Southeast and Central Europe. Her maternal great-grandmother Yetta was born in Focșani, Romania, and emigrated to the United States,[5] while her father's family came from Poland.[6] She has an older sister, Nadine.

title: Fran Drescher

text: On February 4, 2014, Drescher made her Broadway debut in Cinderella as stepmother Madame.[2]

title: Fran Drescher

text: After separating in 1996, Drescher and Jacobson divorced in 1999. They had no children. Drescher stated, "I would have been able to conceive but not hold on."[21] Drescher has worked to support LGBT rights issues after her former husband came out.[22] Drescher has stated that the primary reason for the divorce was her need to change directions in life. Drescher and Jacobson remain friends and business partners. She has stated that "we choose to be in each other's lives in any capacity. Our love is unique, rare, and unconditional; unless he's being annoying."[23][24]

title: Chester Drescher

text: Chester Drescher (1981–2000) was a performing dog and Fran Drescher's Pomeranian. He played C.C. Babcock's dog on "The Nanny", who seemed to like nanny Fran Fine better than he did C.C. He was also in the 1990 film "Cadillac Man".

title: Tichina Arnold

text: Arnold played the best friend of Fran Drescher in the TV Land sitcom "Happily Divorced", which is based on Fran Drescher's real-life marriage and divorce to series co-creator Peter Marc Jacobson.

title: Fran Drescher

text: After two years of symptoms and misdiagnoses by eight doctors, Drescher was admitted to Los Angeles's Cedars Sinai Hospital on June 21, 2000, after doctors diagnosed her with uterine cancer. She had to undergo an immediate radical hysterectomy to treat the disease. Drescher was given a clean bill of health and no post-operative treatment was ordered.

title: John Michael Higgins

text: In 2011, Higgins was cast in "Happily Divorced" opposite Fran Drescher. He played Fran's gay ex-husband, Peter Lovett, a character based on Drescher's real-life gay ex-husband Peter Marc Jacobson.

title: The Nanny

text: Marvin Hamlisch appeared as Fran's former high school music teacher, a Marvin Hamlisch look-alike. Fran Drescher also reprised her role of Bobbi Fleckman from the 1984 film "This Is Spinal Tap" and made a cameo appearance as herself in the third to last episode. Charles Shaughnessy had a double role as a foreign sultan in one episode. Drescher's real-life parents, Morty and Sylvia, initially appeared as a couple in the waiting room of Grace's therapist and made subsequent appearances as Fran's Uncle Stanley and Aunt Rose; her Pomeranian Chester appeared as C.C.'s pet in more than a dozen episodes. Renée Taylor's husband, actor Joseph Bologna, and their son Gabriel Bologna, had minor roles as doctors on the show. Ray Romano appeared as Fran's former high school classmate Ray Barone, linking "The Nanny" with his comedy "Everybody Loves Raymond". Romano and Drescher actually did know each other in high school. Tom Bergeron appeared as himself, the host of "Hollywood Squares", in an episode in which Maxwell appeared as a star on the show's board as a replacement for Andrew Lloyd Webber. Tyne Daly appeared as a fellow nanny facing forced retirement. David Letterman made an uncredited appearance during a fantasy sequence, where Fran describes how she exaggerated her fame to impress a pen pal.

title: The Fran Drescher Show

text: The Fran Drescher Show (also called The Fran Drescher Tawk Show) is an American talk show hosted by actress Fran Drescher. The series premiered on November 26, 2010, in six cities on Fox owned stations: New York on WNYW, Los Angeles on KTTV, Philadelphia on WTXF, Phoenix on KSAZ, Minneapolis on KMSP and Orlando on WOFL. "The Fran Drescher Show" was given a three-week trial run with the option of being nationally syndicated. In its debut, the program placing a 0.8 rating/2 share in six metered markets. With declining ratings throughout its run, the show did not return.

title: Peter Marc Jacobson

text: Peter Marc Jacobson (born October 27, 1957) is an American television writer, director and producer, and actor. He is best known as the co-creator of the popular sitcom "The Nanny", which he created and wrote with his then wife actress Fran Drescher, who was the star of the series. He was often credited as Peter Marc in his early acting roles.Jacobson and Fran Drescher married in 1978 and moved to Los Angeles to launch their careers. Jacobson and Drescher divorced in 1999, after being separated for a number of years. The couple had no children. He came out as gay to her after their marriage ended. The couple developed the 2011 television series "Happily Divorced" for TV Land based on their lives.

title: The Nanny

text: At times, they would also make humorous references to the stars' previous careers or real life off-screen time. This was noticeable when Yetta saw her reflection in the mirror and thought she was seeing Millie Helper from "The Dick Van Dyke Show" (the role that Guilbert played on that long-running show), Maxwell remembering how he wanted to hire a former cast member from "Days of Our Lives" but thought he wasn't "British" enough (a reference to Charles Shaughnessy's former series), C.C. using props to hide Lauren Lane's real-life pregnancy at the time, and Fran meeting her idol—Fran Drescher—who gave her a hint on what she (the TV Fran) was going to do in the next scene in the second-to-last episode in the last season. Drescher also appeared in the series as tough-talking music publicist Bobbi Fleckman, reprising her role from the 1984 film "This Is Spinal Tap", setting up an obvious visual gag where Drescher (as the Nanny) would disguise herself as Fleckman in order to get Mr. Sheffield's attention.

title: List of The Nanny characters

text: Margaret "Maggie" Sheffield-Brolin is the eldest child of Maxwell Sheffield, portrayed by Nicholle Tom. In Fran Drescher's first book, "Enter Whining", Drescher explains that the character was added later, after a network executive suggested "A shy teenager would be a funny contrast to a brazen and flashy Fran."

title: List of The Nanny characters

text: Sylvia Fine (née Rosenberg), is the mother of Fran Fine, portrayed by actress Renée Taylor, and in early seasons by Fran Drescher (in flashbacks to Fran Fine's childhood).

title: Fran Drescher

text: Drescher and Jacobson created their own television show, The Nanny, in 1993. The show aired on CBS from 1993 to 1999, and Drescher became an instant star. In this sitcom, she played a woman named Fran Fine who casually became the nanny of Margaret ("Maggie") (played by Nicholle Tom), Brighton ("B") (played by Benjamin Salisbury), and Grace ("Gracie") Sheffield (played by Madeline Zima); with her wit and her charm, she endeared herself to their widower father: stuffy, composed, proper British gentleman, and Broadway producer Maxwell Sheffield (Charles Shaughnessy). She reprised her This is Spinal Tap character of Bobbi Flekman, a look-alike for her Fran Fine character, in Season 5, Episode 3 of The Nanny.

title: The Nanny (season 4)

text: Based on an idea inspired by Drescher's visit with a friend and "The Sound of Music", the season revolves around Fran Fine, a Jewish woman from Flushing, Queens, New York, who is hired by a wealthy Broadway producer to be the nanny to his three children. Drescher stars as the titular character, Charles Shaughnessy as British-born producer Maxwell Sheffield, and the children – Maggie, Brighton and Grace – portrayed by Nicholle Tom, Benjamin Salisbury, and Madeline Zima. The series also features Daniel Davis as Niles, the family butler, and Lauren Lane as C.C. Babcock, Maxwell's associate in his production company who is smitten with him. Several recurring characters also played a role in the sitcoms plotlines, many of whom were related to Fran.

title: The Nanny (season 3)

title: Fran Drescher

text: Francine Joy Drescher (born September 30, 1957) is an American actress, comedian, writer and activist. She is best known for her role as Fran Fine in the hit TV series The Nanny (1993–99), and for her nasal voice and thick New York accent.

title: Fran Drescher

text: Drescher was a first runner-up for "Miss New York Teenager" in 1973.[7] She attended Hillcrest High School in Jamaica, Queens, where she met her future husband, Peter Marc Jacobson, whom she married in 1978, at age 21. They divorced in 1999.[8] Jacobson was Drescher's constant supporter in her show-business career, and he wrote, directed, and produced her signature television series, The Nanny. Drescher graduated from Hillcrest High School in 1975; one of her classmates was comedian Ray Romano.[9] Drescher's character Fran Fine from The Nanny and Romano's character Ray Barone from Everybody Loves Raymond met at a 20th high school reunion on an episode of The Nanny.[10]

title: Fran Drescher

text: In 2008, Drescher announced that she was developing a new sitcom entitled The New Thirty, also starring Rosie O'Donnell. A series about two old high school friends coping with midlife crises, Drescher described the premature plot of the show as "kind of Sex and the City but we ain't getting any! It'll probably be more like The Odd Couple."[13] The sitcom failed to materialize however.[13] In 2010, Drescher returned to television with her own daytime talk show, The Fran Drescher Tawk Show. While the program debuted to strong ratings, it ended its three-week test run to moderate success, resulting in its shelving.[14][15] The following year, the sitcom Happily Divorced, created by Drescher and her ex-husband, Peter Marc Jacobson, was picked up by TV Land for a ten-episode order. It premiered there June 15, 2011.[16] The show was renewed in July 2011 for a second season of 12 episodes, which aired in spring 2012. On May 1, 2012, TV Land extended the second season and picked up 12 additional episodes, taking the second season total to 24. The back-order of season two debuted later in 2012. Happily Divorced was cancelled in August 2013.

title: Charles Shaughnessy

text: Shaughnessy is also well known for his portrayal of Maxwell Sheffield opposite Fran Drescher on CBS' "The Nanny" from 1993 to 1999. He and Drescher resumed acting together in Drescher's next sitcom, "Living with Fran", wherein Shaughnessy appeared fairly frequently as her philandering but needy ex-husband, Ted. "Living with Fran" was cancelled on 17 May 2006, after two seasons.

title: This Is Spinal Tap

text: Fran Drescher reprised the role of Bobbi Fleckman during the fifth season of her hit television sitcom "The Nanny"; it was the season's third episode, titled "The Bobbi Fleckman Story". In the episode, Fleckman is now a record label producer for The Brian Setzer Orchestra, and an ex-business partner of character Maxwell Sheffield (Charles Shaughnessy). Drescher's regular character Fran Fine believes Fleckman is attempting to seduce Sheffield, and impersonates her to stop it.

title: The Nanny (season 2)

title: The Nanny

text: Back in Los Angeles, the pair pitched their idea to Tim Flack and Joe Voci, both in comedy development at CBS. Sagansky brought in experienced producers Robert Sternin and Prudence Fraser, another husband-and-wife team with whom Drescher had worked before while guesting on "Who's the Boss?" in 1985 and 1986. Interested, both couples teamed up to write the script for the pilot together, creating a character with the intention to build off Drescher's image. "Our business strategy was to create a show that was going to complement our writing, complement me as a talent," Drescher said in a 1997 interview with "The Hollywood Reporter". As a result, the characters draw deeply on the Drescher family, including Fran Fine's parents, Sylvia and Morty, and grandmother Yetta, who all were named after their real-life counterparts. Drescher also drew from her own life in creating her character. Like the character in "The Nanny", Drescher was born and raised in Flushing, Queens, and attended beauty school. However, unlike her on-screen counterpart, Drescher never worked in a bridal shop; Drescher wrote that into the character as a tribute to her mother, who did work in a bridal shop. While visiting with his relatives in Fort Lauderdale around the holidays, Sagansky watched a few episodes with his relatives, realized that he had a hit, and ordered a full 22 episodes for the first season.

title: Fran Drescher

text: In the 2000s, Drescher made a return to television both with leading and guest roles. In 2003, Drescher appeared in episodes of the short lived sitcom, Good Morning, Miami as Roberta Diaz. In 2005, she returned with the sitcom Living with Fran, in which she played Fran Reeves, a middle-aged mother of two, living with Riley Martin (Ryan McPartlin), a man half her age and not much older than her son. Former Nanny costar Charles Shaughnessy appeared as her philandering ex-husband, Ted. Living with Fran was cancelled on May 17, 2006, after two seasons.

title: The Fran Drescher Show

text: Drescher described what she would bring to the program: "I'm thrilled to be able to bring "The Fran Drescher Tawk Show" to daytime TV, which fits me hand in glove," and added that "It will cover all of my passions, everything from pedicures to politics. America will have a chance to see the real Fran Drescher, beyond "The Nanny". I'm the girl next door, a self-made woman who has been to hell and back a few times."

title: Fran Drescher

text: To promote Happily Divorced, Drescher performed the weddings of three gay couples in New York City using the minister's license she received from the Universal Life Church.[17] Drescher hand-picked the three couples, all of whom were entrants into "Fran Drescher's 'Love Is Love' Gay Marriage Contest" on Facebook, based on the stories the couples submitted about how they met, why their relationship illustrated that "love is love" and why they wanted to be married by her.[18]

title: Michael Drescher

text: Drescher was born in Maplewood, NJ. One of three children to James and Peggy (McKenna) Drescher, the family moved to Milwaukee, Wis., in 1962, where he spent the remainder of his childhood. Drescher attended University of Wisconsin-Madison and Boston College, where he studied business marketing and theatre.

title: List of Happily Divorced episodes

text: "Happily Divorced" is an American sitcom created for TV Land by Fran Drescher and Peter Marc Jacobson, based upon their own real-life experiences. It is TV Land's third sitcom after "Hot in Cleveland" and "Retired at 35". Fran Drescher stars as Fran, a Los Angeles florist who finds out her husband Peter (John Michael Higgins), to whom she has been married for eighteen years, is gay. Naturally, they get a divorce but, because of their tight financial situation, they continue to live in the same house together. The series is based on Drescher and Jacobson's real-life divorce and his eventual coming out. The series ran from June 15, 2011 to February 13, 2013. On August 23, 2013, TV Land cancelled the series after two seasons. A total of thirty-four episodes were produced and aired.

title: The Nanny (season 1)

title: Happily Divorced

text: "Happily Divorced" is inspired by the real lives of series creators Fran Drescher and Peter Marc Jacobson, who had been high school sweethearts and then married in 1978. They divorced in 1999. Jacobson later came out as gay to Drescher and the two remained friends. In 2010 the pair, who had previously created Drescher's earlier series "The Nanny", began developing the series based on their life experiences. Initially Drescher planned only to write and produce "Happily Divorced" but eventually decided to star as well. Set in Los Angeles, Fran's gay ex-husband still lives with her for economic reasons, with "a very traditional family. Everyone's very accepting that he's gay. They're both dating; he's new at it, she's new at it." TV Land gave the green light to a pilot episode in November 2010. The network announced on March 21, 2011, that the series had been picked up with a ten-episode order. The show is shot in front of a live studio audience at CBS Radford in Studio City., which provides "Happily Divorced" the typical style of the 1990s' sitcoms. There are still more parallels to "The Nanny": the opener is an animation, underlaid with specially composed music and also, Drescher refuses a role name and is just called 'Fran'. "The Nanny" regulars, Renée Taylor and Charles Shaughnessy, have made guest appearances; the latter having also co-starred on "Living With Fran". The show premiered on Wednesday, June 15, 2011, in the 10:30 time slot after the television show "Hot in Cleveland".