query: Who is head of the American Indian Model Schools system?

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: Under the leadership of Ben Chavis (Lumbee), a Native American professor, AIPCS students made considerable progress in academic scores from 2000 to 2007, and enrollment increased at the school. The first middle school, AIPCS, received national recognition in 2007. Some of Chavis's disciplinary methods and his treatment of students and teachers generated controversy, and he resigned as principal in 2007. But the board voted to maintain him in an influential executive role at the school and with the model school system. In 2012 Chavis ended his ties with the charter system (although his children remained as students) and returned to his home state of North Carolina.

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: American Indian Model Schools (AIM Schools) is a charter school system based in Oakland, California.[2] Started with the American Indian Public Charter School, a middle school in the late 1990s to serve Native American students, in 2007 it expanded to include another middle school and a high school. The main campus is in the Laurel area and includes American Indian Public Charter School (AIPCS), a middle school of grades 5-8, and American Indian Public High School (AIPHS), a high school (9-12). AIPHS students can also take select classes at Merritt College. American Indian Public Charter School II (AIPCS II) has grades K-8 at a second campus located in Oakland's Chinatown. By 2012 the student population of the AIM schools had become 90% Asian American.

title: Chinatown, Oakland

text: American Indian Public Charter School II, a charter school campus of the American Indian Model Schools system, is located in Chinatown. It caters to students living in the Chinatown and Lake Merritt areas. In 2008 it shared a campus with Oakland Charter Academies (now Amethod Public Schools).

title: American Indian Public Charter School

text:
In 2007, the AIPCS board expanded its operation, and founded the American Indian Model Schools system (see related article.) It opened a second middle school campus, AIPCS II, and a high school, the American Indian Public High School (AIPHS). In the same year, Chavis resigned as head of school after several controversies, but he was retained by the board in an executive role until January 2012.
On March 20, 2013, the Oakland School Board in a 4 - 3 vote decided to revoke the three schools' charters. This included the charter for the AIPCS elementary school attended by Chavis' own children. On July 15, 2013, Alameda County Superior Court Judge Evelio Grillo granted the school system a preliminary injunction, allowing all three campuses to remain open.

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: In 2000 Chavis became the head of the school.[5][9] He fired most of the school's employees and eliminated the Native American cultural classes.[10] Chavis said that he recruited new teachers who had "strong" academic backgrounds and "didn't see the students as victims, even though their lives often are incredibly difficult." By 2001, he had replaced all but one teacher.[7]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: As of 2017, the system includes three schools, American Indian Public Charter School (AICPS), middle school with grades 5-8;[23][24] American Indian Public Charter School II (AIPCS II), K-8;[25] and American Indian Public High School (AIPHS), a high school (9-12).[26]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: Ron Smith, the principal of Laurel Elementary School, disclosed the middle school test scores of the 51 students from Laurel who entered the AIM system in 2004, showing their progress in English and mathematics between the 6th and 8th grades. Landsberg said "It's impossible to tell whether the students were academically strong at the start of sixth grade or were brought up to grade level by the rigors of a year at American Indian."[35] Of the students from Laurel who had completed the 6th grade at the AIM system, 39 finished all three years at the AIM system.[35]

title: American Indian Public Charter School

text: In 2007 the American Indian Model Schools system opened AIPCS II, located in Oakland's Chinatown neighborhood; 67% of its students were Asian. In 2005-2006 the entering students came to the middle school almost exclusively from the nearby public Lincoln Elementary School. Its students have had high test scores and are predominantly Asian.

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: The school system has two campuses. The original American Indian Public Charter School and the main campus of American Indian High School occupy a converted church located off MacArthur Boulevard,[23][26][27] in the Laurel area of Oakland.[28] AIPCS II is located on another campus in the city's Chinatown.[12][25] Students at AIPHS who attend dual credit classes with Merritt College attend some classes at the Merritt campus.[29]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: Janet Roberts, a former teacher, succeeded Chavis that year as the head of the school system. Roberts said that Chavis's resignation appeared to quiet criticisms of the school. As reported by Katy Murphy of the Oakland Tribune, Roberts said, "Many assumed that the academic success of the American Indian schools was personality-driven[...] but the program didn't lose its edge after Chavis left."[12]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: The AIM school system did not disclose the elementary school test scores of its students. Mitchell Landsberg of the Los Angeles Times could not determine whether the students at American Indian middle schools had above average scores in the elementary school grades.[35]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: The Oakland Unified School District (OUSD) granted the charter to the school system and oversees it. The American Indian Model School system has its own school board and internal policies.[3]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: Under Chavis, the school system's administration opposed to U.S. liberal philosophies, and it promoted free-market capitalism. Chavis opposed teacher's unions. Landsberg reported that the AIM system schools "sometimes seem like creations of television's "Colbert Report" and that the AIM system schools "mock liberal orthodoxy with such zeal that it can seem like a parody."[5] American conservatives praised Chavis and the AIM Schools. Columnist George Will said he favored the charter school system because its "new paternalism" could close achievement gaps between socioeconomic classes.[5]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: In the State of California, charter schools are required to take all students who apply to the school if the schools have enough capacity to house them. If a charter school has more prospective students than room available to house them, the charter school has to hold a lottery. The AIM school system, as of 2009, has never held a lottery. Ben Chavis and Janet Roberts, a school principal in the AIM system, said that AIM never received enough students to require the system to hold a lottery.[35]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: By 2002 the school's enrollment tripled, and its test scores were increasing.[8] For the school year 2006-2007, Chavis and his board founded the American Indian Model School system, adding the American Indian Charter High School with the beginning of the school year in September 2006.[8]

title: American Indian Public Charter School

text: The American Indian Model Schools charter system developed from the AIPCS in order to expand the offerings to students. Since 2007, under new management, it has operated three schools in the city, two middle schools (one had grades K-4 added in 2012), and a high school, American Indian Public High School. The charter for the AIMS schools was threatened in 2012 because of discoveries of financial mismanagement and concerns about leadership. Although the Oakland School District voted to revoke the charter, the school system gained a preliminary injunction that allowed it to operate the three schools. With new leaders, it gained a 5-year renewal of its charter in 2013.

title: Oakland Charter Academy

text: In the fall 1993 the school opened as Jingletown Charter School. It was the first charter school in Oakland and one of the first in California. Originally it had the test scores amongst the lowest in the state. In 2004, Jorge Lopez took control of the school. At the time, its Academic Performance Index (API) was 650. Lopez received guidance from Ben Chavis, head of the American Indian Model Schools, and established a system similar to the system of American Indian Public Charter School. In late September 2007 Oakland Charter Academy became the second public school in Oakland to win the National Blue Ribbon award. In spring 2008, the Oakland Charter Academy received an API of 902. Its student body was mostly Hispanic, and the API was over 200 points higher than the average API of Hispanic/Latino middle school students in California. The Oakland Charter Academy API was also over 200 points above the overall scores of all of the middle schools in Oakland.

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: The Oakland School Board had already requested in 2011 that the California Board of Education revoke and deny renewal of American Indian Public Charter School II's (AIPCS II) charter; this action would have closed that school after the 2011-2012 academic year.[6] The school system gained a preliminary court injunction to allow its three facilities to continue to operate.

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: A poster in the AIPCS hallway included a quote from Chavis, saying "You do outstanding things here and you'll be treated outstanding. You act like a fool and you'll be treated like one."[5] Landsberg said in 2009 that the concept was still active at AIMS schools, but had been "toned down" since Chavis left his post as head of the system.[5]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: Patricia Gimbel, the dean of admissions for Deerfield Academy, a private university preparatory school in Massachusetts, said in 2005 that AIPCS had "taken kids who are not the brightest and propelled them to the top of state standards."[32] Betty Olson-Jones, the president of the Oakland Education Association, the teachers' union of the Oakland schools, said that the AIM system "had a reputation among the local public schools as being very interested in kind of recruiting kids who are going to do well, and getting rid of kids who won't."[35] Ben Chavis and Janet Roberts, a school principal in the AIM system, said that this was not true.[35]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: Chavis and Roberts said in 2009 that the American Indian system attracts representative samples of students from various public elementary schools in Oakland. Ron Smith, the principal of Laurel Elementary School and a parent of two AIM system children, said that of the children who went from Laurel to the AIM system, "I'd say 70% are academically strong, and 30% are a cross-section. . . . They have kids who I know could go anyplace in the state and succeed."[35]

title: American Indian boarding schools

text: Native American boarding schools, also known as Indian Residential Schools were established in the United States during the late 19th and mid 20th centuries with a primary objective of assimilating Native American children and youth into Euro-American culture, while at the same time providing a basic education in Euro-American subject matters. These boarding schools were first established by Christian missionaries of various denominations, who often started schools on reservations, especially in the lightly populated areas of the West. The government paid religious orders to provide basic education to Native American children on reservations. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) founded additional boarding schools based on the assimilation model of the off-reservation Carlisle Indian Industrial School.

title: American Indian Public High School

text: American Indian Public High School is a charter school in Oakland, California (USA) and is part of the American Indian Model Schools charter school system. In 2011, the school ranked fourth in California in the Academic Performance Index (API). American Indian Public High School ranked first on a "Washington Post" list of the most challenging high schools in the United States. Approximately 77 percent of the school's students are from low-income households. It was ranked the 9th best charter school in the U.S. and the 38th best public high school in the U.S. by "U.S. News & World Report" in 2013.

title: Lorelei DeCora Means

text: Lorelei De Cora, along with Madonna, founded and established, the 'We Will Remember Survival School,' a place where American Indian youth whose parents were facing federal charges or who had dropped out of the secondary education system. Specifically, the school was founded for the children of participants who were defendants in the Wounded Knee trials which followed the American Indian Movement occupation of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. This alternative model was a component of the National Federation of Native-Controlled Survival Schools that was established during the movement.

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: For a period, the charter system's charter from the OUSD was at risk, but the school gained a court injunction in 2012 to allow it to continue to operate. With the change in management and in view of the students' achievements in academic scores, the Model School system's charter was renewed in 2013 for a 5-year term. This included an expansion to serve grades K-4 at AIPCS II.[4]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: The AIM system was established in 2007, expanding to an additional two charter schools: another middle school and a high school. The schools were recognized for academic performance, but controversy was generated by Chavis's discipline system and treatment of both students and faculty. He resigned in 2007 but retained influence at the schools.[5]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: In early June 2012, the FCMAT audit was published. Evidence of fraud was listed, with recommendations to forward the audit to the local District Attorney.[18] Michael Stember resigned from the charter school system board between April and June. Jean Martinez was elected as President of the AIPCS Model School governing board.[19] As reported by SF Gate, "The allegations against American Indian charter schools officials include $3.7 million in payments to businesses owned by founder Ben Chavis and his wife, including money for rent, storage fees, construction projects and the administration of summer school programs.”[19]

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: Landsberg said that the school system has high performance because it "attracts academically motivated students, relentlessly (and unapologetically) teaches to the test, wrings more seat time out of every school day, hires smart young teachers, demands near-perfect attendance, piles on the homework, refuses to promote struggling students to the next grade and keeps discipline so tight that there are no distractions or disruptions. Summer school is required."[5] Landsberg added "There is no secret to any of this. Portions of the American Indian model resemble methods used by the KIPP charter schools or, for that matter, urban parochial schools."[5]

title: Madonna Thunder Hawk

text: Along with Lorelei De Cora, she founded and established the 'We Will Remember Survival School,' meant to provide a safe place for American Indian youth whose parents were facing federal charges or who had dropped out of the secondary education system. Specifically, the school was founded for the children of defendants in the Wounded Knee trials which followed the American Indian Movement occupation of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. This alternative model was a component of the National Federation of Native-Controlled Survival Schools that was established during the movement.

title: Amethod Public Schools

text: In 2004 Jorge Lopez took control of the school. At the time its Academic Performance Index (API) was 650. Lopez received guidance from Ben Chavis, head of the American Indian Model Schools, and established a system similar to the system of American Indian Public Charter School at Oakland Charter Academy. In late September 2007 the Oakland Charter Academy became the second public school in Oakland to win the National Blue Ribbon award. Oakland Charter High School opened in 2007.

title: American Indian Model Schools

text: In May 2009, American Indian Public Charter School had an Academic Performance Index (API) of 967. Mitchell Landsberg said that the other two AIM schools "are not far behind."[5] The state API target is 800. The state average of public middle and high schools is 750. The state average of schools with underprivileged students is 650. Of the public schools in California, during that year four middle schools and three high schools had higher API scores than AIPCS; none of them had student bodies of mostly underprivileged students. Mitchell Landsberg of the Los Angeles Times stated that while critics of the school often said that the high number of Asian American students causes the test scores to be high, the African American and Hispanic students "do roughly as well -- in fact, better on some tests" so "[t]hat makes American Indian a rarity in American education, defying the axiom that poor black and Latino children will lag behind others in school."[5] In 2008, Janet Roberts, the head of the AIM system, said that the speculation that the increased numbers of Asian students caused test scores to go higher demonstrated that the educational establishment has low expectations of low-income African American, Hispanic and Latino, and Native American children.[12]


query: What is the oldest prison still active in the US?

title: New Jersey State Prison

text: The New Jersey State Prison (NJSP), formerly known as Trenton State Prison, is a state men's prison in Trenton, New Jersey operated by the New Jersey Department of Corrections. It is the oldest prison in New Jersey and one of the oldest correctional facilities in the United States. It is the state’s only completely maximum security institution, housing the most difficult and/or dangerous male offenders in the inmate population. NJSP operates two security units and provides a high level of custodial supervision and control. Professional treatment services, such as education and social work, are a priority at the facility. The Bureau of State Use Industries operated the bedding and clothing shops that were once located in Shop Hall at the facility. These industries have been relocated to South Woods State Prison.

title: New Jersey State Prison

text: The 1798 NJ Penitentiary House, which was the first State Prison in New Jersey and the third in the nation after the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia and Newgate in New York City is also the oldest building still in operation as part of an active, working prison in the United States. This allows NJSP to lay claim to being the oldest continuously operating State Prison in the US. The only surviving portion of the 1798 Penitentiary House is the original Front House, which functioned originally as the living quarters for the Keeper of the State Prison, the four Assistant Keepers (The first 4 men who served in the capacity of what are known today as State Correction Officers), the Armory, administrative office space on the first floor and a row of cells for the confinement of disruptive prisoners in the basement. Since the Penitentiary House stopped housing prisoners within a few years after the 1832 Fortress Penitentiary opened, Auburn Correctional Facility can lay claim to having the oldest continuously operating cell house in the US.

title: HM Prison Leeds

text: In May 2013 a further inspection report found that conditions had generally improved at the prison, including lower drug use amongst prisoners and better healthcare facilities. The report also praised security at the prison and its resettlement wing. However the report highlighted that prisoners still lacked enough purposeful activity, and that vulnerable inmates needed better protection at the prison. The report also found that the quality and quantity of food given to inmates was poor.

title: HM Prison Perth

text: The main building, a half-mile (1 km) south of the city centre beyond the South Inch, was constructed by architect Robert Reid (1774–1856) from 1810-12 to hold French prisoners captured during the Napoleonic Wars. In 1842, the building began service as a civilian prison and today represents Scotland's oldest prison still in use. It comprises five halls (labelled A to C) and has a capacity of 504 prisoners.

title: Dubai Museum

text: Al Fahidi Fort was built in several phases. The oldest tower was built around 1787 and is believed to be the oldest building in Dubai that still exists today. The fort was used to guard the landward approaches to the town from the raids of neithe ruler's palace, a garrison, and a prison.

title: Texas Department of Criminal Justice

text: In addition, the Hilltop Unit uses buildings from the former Gatesville State School, a juvenile correctional facility, making the Hilltop Unit's prison facility the third-oldest correctional facility still-used in Texas after the Huntsville and Jester I. The largest TDCJ prison is the Coffield Unit, with a capacity of 4,021 inmates. The largest female prison is the Christina Crain Unit, with a capacity of 2,013 inmates.

title: Lancaster County Prison

text: A county prison was originally built in 1851 and renovated in 1972. The present medieval-style building replaced the earlier prisons in 1851, with Fulton Hall, of the Fulton Opera House being built on the site of the earlier prison. The prison is still in active use.

title: Nevada Department of Corrections

text: In 1862, the first prison in Nevada was created by the Territorial Legislature. The Legislature leased the property of the Warm Springs Hotel, just east of Carson City, for use as a Prison. This property was owned by Abraham Curry, who operated the Warm Springs Hotel on the property, which was also the meeting place of the Territorial Legislature. This prison is located on what is now Fifth Street in Carson. Curry became the first Warden of the Prison. A quarry on the site of the Prison was used for stone for the State Capitol and other public buildings. It also provided materials for the construction of the Prison and was the major work activity for inmates for many years.

title: Incarceration in Norway

text: When inmates are not at work, school or in recreational activities they are with correctional officers and in their cells. All the prisoners have the right to study and are allowed to vote while in prison. Inmates have their cells searched once a day and are granted very few pre-approved personal items. Urine samples will be collected if needed, usually targeted at random within the population of inmates who have a known history of drug addiction. The majority of Norwegian prisons (sixty percent) are a closed prison. Open prisons only lock inmates in their cells, houses or rooms at night, the prison campus is open but inmates still cannot leave. Calls are intercepted but phone use is permitted. Open prisons encourage contact with the community, through safe means i.e., visitation, exit, and other adaptations. Transitional housing is used when part of a sentence is completed, the prisoners are still in the prison system but control over them is less strict. Transfer to transitional housing has to be pre-approved for the safety of the community. Transitional housing gradually returns inmates to society with social training and professional training. It sets up an inmate with a network to use once they are released back into society.

title: Richard Secord

text: On 7 January 1967, in what is still a heavily classified operation, Secord directed the only successful prisoner of war rescue of the Vietnam War, the Ban Naden raid. A team of the CIA's hill-tribe mercenaries was inserted out of hearing of the POW prison; their surprise raid quickly wiped out about 40 guards. It was then discovered there were about twice as many prisoners as expected. Nevertheless, a scratch force of nine single-piloted Air America H-34 helicopters dropped into the middle of the Hồ Chí Minh Trail and rescued 53 Asian prisoners. This rescue is still used as a case study in CIA training for covert operations.

title: Portlaoise Prison

text: The prison was built in the 1830s, making it one of the oldest still operating today in the Irish prison system. It is the prison in which people convicted of membership of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) and other illegal paramilitary and designated terrorist organisations are usually detained.

title: HM Prison Wakefield

text: Wakefield Prison was originally built as a house of correction in 1594. Most of the current prison buildings date from Victorian times. The current prison was designated a Dispersal prison in 1966 and is the oldest of the Dispersal prisons still operating across England and Wales.

title: Glasgow, Paisley and Johnstone Canal

text: The canal was purchased in 1869 by the Glasgow and South Western Railway Company. In 1881, an Act of Parliament closed the canal. Much of the route was used to construct the Paisley Canal Line. This line still uses the River Cart Aqueduct (which it crosses at a skewed angle). This makes the former aqueduct the world's oldest railway bridge that is still in active use.

title: Blegdamsvej Prison

text: Blegdamsvej Prison (Danish: Blegdamsvejens Fængsel) is a prison operated by Københavns Flngsler on Blegdamsvej in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. Established in 1848, it is the oldest prison building still in use in Denmark.

title: Bledsoe County Jail

text: The original building was a brick building with a stone foundation that was completed in 1851. It had a capacity of five prisoners. Renovations made around 1880 included installation of wooden doors, windows, a stairway, and wood floors. The building was expanded with a new stone exterior in 1937. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, when it was still in active use as Bledsoe County's jail, making it the oldest operating jail in Tennessee. At the time of its National Register listing, it had two stories and held up to nine prisoners.

title: Copenhagen

text: The Tivoli Gardens is an amusement park and pleasure garden located in central Copenhagen between the City Hall Square and the Central Station. It opened in 1843, making it the second oldest amusement park in the world. Among its rides are the oldest still operating rollercoaster "Rutschebanen" from 1915 and the oldest ferris wheel still in use, opened in 1943. Tivoli Gardens also serves as a venue for various performing arts and as an active part of the cultural scene in Copenhagen.

title: Westwood Cemetery (Michigan)

text: Westwood Cemetery is one of the oldest cemeteries in Kalkaska County, Michigan, dating back to the early 19th century. While it appears abandoned, as of August 2008 it is still actively taken care of and the deceased are still sparingly buried in plots within Westwood. It is not as active as it was when first used as a cemetery.

title: Icelandic Prison Service

text: Presently, the Icelandic Prison Service operates six prisons. The oldest prison in Iceland, Hegningarhúsið, was completed in 1874 and is still in operation today.

title: Tourism in Perth

text: The Round House, at Arthur Head, Fremantle, is the oldest building still standing in Western Australia. It built in 1830, and used as a prison for colonial and indigenous prisoners until 1886.

title: Military awards and decorations

text: The oldest military decorations still in use is Sweden's För tapperhet i fält ("For Valour in the Field") and För tapperhet till sjöss ("For Valour at Sea") awarded to officers and soldiers of the Swedish Armed Forces who have—as the medal names suggest—shown valour in the field or at sea in wartime. The medal was instituted by Swedish king Gustav III on 28 May, 1789, during his war against Russia. Whilst technically it is still active, it is for practical purposes inactive, not having been awarded since 1915.The next oldest was the Austro-Hungarian Tapferkeits Medaille Honour Medal for Bravery 1789–1792. This medal was instituted on 19 July, 1789, by the Emperor Joseph II. Another of the oldest military decorations still in use is Poland's War Order of Virtuti Militari (Latin for "For Military Valour"). It was first awarded in 1792.

title: Angola Prison Rodeo

text: The rodeo is still operating and is the oldest prison rodeo in the United States; the Texas Prison Rodeo started in 1931 but was closed in 1986.

title: Arthur Road Jail

text: The Mumbai Central Prison, also referred to as Arthur Road Jail, was built in 1926, and is Mumbai's largest and oldest prison. It houses most of the city's prisoners. It was upgraded in 1994 to become a Central Prison and given its current official name, but it is still popularly referred to as Arthur Road Jail. The jail occupies of land.

title: Waldheim prison

text: Waldheim Prison in Waldheim, Saxony , about 30 km north of Chemnitz, was once the largest penitentiary in Saxony and is the oldest prison still in operation in Germany. It was opened in April 1716 under Augustus II the Strong. There are now 395 places for men.

title: Anqing Prison

text:
Anqing Prison is a prison in Daguan, Anhui, China. It was established in 1906 and is the oldest prison still in use in the province. During the late Qing Dynasty it was known as "Anqing Criminal Training Center." During the Republic of China period it was called Yinmatang Prison. In May 1949, it was renamed North Anhui Anqing Administrative Area Prison. In June 1952 it was changed to Anqing public security office LRD (labor reform detachment). In June 1955 it was renamed No.2 Prison. In 1995 it was renamed to Anhui Anqing prison.
The prison houses serious offenders. The prison enterprise consists of Anqing Wanjiang Color Weaving Company which includes a colored woven cloth factory, a garment factory, a machinery factory, and Qingfeng Plastics Factory. The prison mainly does machinery and garment processing.

title: Old Salem County Courthouse

text: Built in 1735, this building is the oldest active courthouse in New Jersey and is the second oldest courthouse still in continuous use in the United States. It was expanded in 1818 and 1908.

title: Nelson County Jail

text: When placed on the National Register it was still an active jail, the only such early stone jail still in use in Kentucky. It currently serves as the Jailer's Inn Bed and Breakfast, having stopped being an active jail in 1987. After Nelson County stopped using it as a jail, it was sold on public auction. It was purchased by Paul, Challen and Fran McCoy, and in 1989 opened as a bed and breakfast. It has six guest rooms, with one of the rooms featuring bunks that were used by the prisoners during its years as a jail.

title: Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003

text: PREA authorizes money in the form of grants for a wide variety of implementation associated activities. The grants can be utilized by state agencies for personnel, training, technical assistance, data collection, and equipment to prevent, investigate, and prosecute prison rape. Each state recipient is required to submit a report within 90 days laying out on what activities the money was spent on as well as the effect of those activities on prison rape within the state. In 2004 Congress appropriated US$25 million dollars for the grant program and in 2005 US$20 million. The BJA handed out $10 million of the 2004 appropriation in the fourth quarter of that year. The largest grant amount that year, $1 million, was handed out to the Department of Corrections in Iowa, Michigan, New York, Texas and Washington.

title: Fort McPherson

text: For a short time, German POWs were held on Troop Row. In June 1917, they constructed the war prison barracks located just west of the post between Campbellton Road and Venetian Drive. By June 1919, 1,346 prisoners were interned at Fort McPherson. Many homes located west of the post were later built on the cement slab foundations left behind after the prison barracks were torn down in late 1919. The oldest structure still in use at Fort McPherson is located on Miller Drive.

title: Fort Mifflin

text: However, Fort Mifflin is still an active base for the United States Army Corps of Engineers; as a result it is currently the oldest active military base in the United States and the only base in use that pre-dates the Declaration of Independence. In effect Fort Mifflin is the only military base in use that is older than the nation itself.

title: Stanley Prison

text: Built in 1937, Stanley Prison is currently the oldest institution still in service (the oldest prison built in Hong Kong was Victoria Prison, which ceased operation on 24 December 2005) and houses both male adult convicted prisoners and male adult remand prisoners. It was set up by the then Prisons Department, and is now administered by the Correctional Services Department. The maximum capacity of the prison is 1,714 and has over 800 staff and officers. Stanley Prison, at the time of its construction, was considered to be one of the finest prisons in the British Empire. It was a modern structure built of stone, concrete and steel and consisted of six cell blocks set behind an 18-foot wall. It was originally designed to house 1,500 prisoners.

title: Netrek

text: Developed as a successor to 1986's "Xtrek", "Netrek" was first played in 1988. It was the third Internet game, the first Internet team game, and as of 2011 is the oldest Internet game still actively played. It pioneered many technologies used in later games and has been cited as prior art in patent disputes. "Xtrek" and "Netrek" are the oldest games of what is now called the MOBA genre.


query: Why are novella's not novels?

title: Novella

text: A novella is a text of written, fictional, narrative prose normally longer than a short story but shorter than a novel, somewhere between 17,500 and 40,000 words.

title: David R. Palmer

text: Palmer's first novel, "Emergence", won the Compton Crook Award in 1985. It arose from a novella by the same title featured in the January 1981, issue of "Analog". This was followed by the February 1983, "Analog" publication of the "Seeking" novella, which ultimately became part two of the novel. Thereafter the "Emergence" novella appeared in an anthology called "Analog's Children of the Future". Both novellas also won reader's choice awards from "Analog". Both were nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novella in their respective years, and the novel for Best Novel in 1985.

title: What the Night Knows

text: This novella was written for the Kindle, and saw print in the paperback edition of the novel. It is mainly set prior to the incidents in "What The Night Knows", but also bookends the novel itself. In the initial part of the novella, Alton Turner Blackwood meets a boy named Howie, and the subsequent events of this novella dovetail into the background of the main novel, with a time lapse to the end of the novel.

title: Binti (novel)

text: Binti is a science fiction novella written by Nnedi Okorafor. The novella was published in 2015 by Tor.com. "Binti" is the first novella in Okorafor's "Binti" novella series.

title: Novella

text: The novella is generally not as formally experimental as the long story and the novel can be, and it usually lacks the subplots, the multiple points of view, and the generic adaptability that are common in the novel. It is most often concerned with personal and emotional development rather than with the larger social sphere. The novella generally retains something of the unity of impression that is a hallmark of the short story, but it also contains more highly developed characterization and more luxuriant description.[4]

title: Motherfucker

text: In literature, Norman Mailer, in his 1948 novel "The Naked and the Dead" uses it occasionally, disguised as "motherfugger", and used it in full in his 1967 novel "Why Are We in Vietnam?". It appears twice in James Purdy's 1956 novella "63: Dream Palace". In Kurt Vonnegut's novel "Slaughterhouse-Five" the word is used by one of the soldiers in the story – leading to the novel being often challenged in libraries and schools. Vonnegut joked in a speech, published in the collection "Fates Worse Than Death", that "Ever since that word was published, way back in 1969, children have been attempting to have intercourse with their mothers. When it will stop no one knows."

title: Novella

text: Chain novel Light novel List of novellas

title: Gilgamesh in the Outback

text: Gilgamesh in the Outback is a science fiction novella by American writer Robert Silverberg, a sequel to his novel "Gilgamesh the King" as well as a story in the shared universe series "Heroes in Hell". It won the Hugo Award for Best Novella in 1987 and was also nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novella in 1986. Originally published in "Asimov's Science Fiction", it was then printed in "Rebels in Hell" before being incorporated into Silverberg's novel "To the Land of the Living". Real-life writers Robert E. Howard and H. P. Lovecraft feature as characters in the novella.

title: Novella

text: The sometimes blurry definition between a novel and a novella can create controversy, as was the case with British writer Ian McEwan's On Chesil Beach (2007). The author described it as a novella, but the panel for the Man Booker Prize in 2007 qualified the book as a "short novel".[9] Thus, this "novella" was shortlisted for an award for best original novel. A similar case is found with a much older work of fiction: The Call of the Wild (1903) by Jack London. This book, by modern standards, is short enough and straightforward enough to qualify as a novella. However, historically, it has been regarded as a novel.

title: Darkness Under the Sun

text: The novella is mainly set prior to the incidents in "What The Night Knows", but also bookends the novel itself. In the initial part of the novella, Alton Turner Blackwood, the antagonist of "What The Night Knows", meets a boy named Howie, and the events of this novella dovetail into the background of the main novel.

title: Marooned in Realtime

text: Marooned in Realtime is a 1986 murder mystery and time-travel science fiction novel by American writer Vernor Vinge, about a small, time-displaced group of people who may be the only survivors of a technological singularity or alien invasion. It is the sequel to the novel "The Peace War" (1984) and the novella "The Ungoverned" (1985). Both novels and the novella were collected in "Across Realtime".

title: Lotte Weeda

text: When “Lotte Weeda” was published, there was some commotion surrounding the fact that ’t Hart had basically integrated his novella “De scheltopusik”, which he wrote in 2003 as an assignment of De Bijenkorf (Dutch department store). This may have displeased some readers. On the other hand, this novella is a feast of recognition as a pre-study to this romance noval. The dog remains unnamed in this novella, like his owner, which makes his name “Anders” (translates to: ‘different’ from Dutch) in this subsequent novel a wink to faithful readers. The romance novel is ‘different’ from the novella, and yet a fitting sequel on the broadly sketched perspective.

title: Carrion Comfort

text: Carrion Comfort is a science fiction/horror novel by American writer Dan Simmons, published in 1989 in hard cover by Dark Harvest and in 1990 in paperback by Warner Books. It won the Bram Stoker Award, the Locus Poll Award for Best Horror Novel, and the August Derleth Award for Best Novel. It is based on a novella of the same title, published in 1983 in the magazine "Omni". The first half of the novella makes up chapter 1 of the novel, while the second half forms chapter 3.

title: Emergence (novel)

text: "Emergence", which won the Compton Crook Award in 1985, arose from a novella by the same title featured in the January 1981 issue of "Analog". This was followed by the February 1983 "Analog" publication of the "Seeking" novella, which ultimately became part two of the novel. Thereafter the "Emergence" novella appeared in an anthology called "Children of the Future". Both novellas also won reader's choice awards from "Analog", and were nominated for the Hugo Award for best novella in their respective years, and the novel for best novel in 1985.

title: A Case of Conscience

text: A Case of Conscience is a science fiction novel by American writer James Blish, first published in 1958. It is the story of a Jesuit who investigates an alien race that has no religion yet has a perfect, innate sense of morality, a situation which conflicts with Catholic teaching. The story was originally published as a novella in 1953, and later extended to novel-length, of which the first part is the original novella. The novel is the first part of Blish's thematic "After Such Knowledge" trilogy: it thus follows "Doctor Mirabilis" and both "Black Easter" and "The Day After Judgment" (two novellas that Blish viewed as together forming the third volume of the trilogy).

title: Hutchinson Novella

text: Hutchinson Novellas was a series of short novels published by the Hutchinson Group in the United Kingdom and Australia in the late 1980s. The books were also published as The Harper Short Novel Series in the United States.

title: Windhaven

text: Martin and Tuttle became friends in 1973, and soon decided to collaborate on a story, which became the first of the three novellas, "The Storms of Windhaven" (included in the novel as "Storms"). During the conception and writing of the story, they agreed on eventually expanding it into a fix-up novel. "The Storms of Windhaven" was originally published in the May 1975 issue of "Analog Science Fiction and Fact". It won the 1976 Locus Award for Best Novella, and was nominated for both the Hugo Award for Best Novella and Nebula Award for Best Novella.

title: Field of Chaos

text: Field of Chaos is both the name of the final published work but also the name of the 1993 novella that detailed Barbalet's experiences writing anti-viral software. The novella was written in five different accounts. The one published represents the fourth account. The novella originally started as a non-fiction novel of some length however through the explicit descriptions of a number of local hacking figures, including a young Julian Assange, the novel was re-written as a fictionalized novella to avoid any legal issues.

title: Novella

text: In his essay, "Briefly, the case for the novella", Canadian author George Fetherling (who wrote the novella Tales of Two Cities) said that to reduce the novella to nothing more than a short novel is like "insisting that a pony is a baby horse".[8]

title: Castle Rock (Stephen King)

text: Castle Rock is part of Stephen King's fictional Maine topography and provides the setting for a number of his novels, novellas, and short stories. Castle Rock appeared first in King's 1979 novel "The Dead Zone" and lately in the novels "Doctor Sleep" (2013) and "Revival" (2014) and the novella "Elevation" (2018). (See list of works below.) The town name is taken from the fictional mountain fort in William Golding's 1954 novel "Lord of the Flies".

title: Nebula Award for Best Novella

text: The Nebula Award for Best Novella is given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) for science fiction or fantasy novellas. A work of fiction is defined by the organization as a novella if it is between 17,500 and 40,000 words; awards are also given out for pieces of longer lengths in the novel category, and for shorter lengths in the short story and novelette categories. To be eligible for Nebula Award consideration a novella must be published in English in the United States. Works published in English elsewhere in the world are also eligible provided they are released on either a website or in an electronic edition. The Nebula Award for Best Novella has been awarded annually since 1966. Novellas published by themselves are eligible for the novel award instead if the author requests them to be considered as such. The award has been described as one of "the most important of the American science fiction awards" and "the science-fiction and fantasy equivalent" of the Emmy Awards.

title: The Expanse (novel series)

text: All of the novels and four of the novellas have been released as audiobooks, with Jefferson Mays as the narrator for all novels and the novellas "The Vital Abyss" and "Strange Dogs". Erik Davies is the narrator for the novellas "The Churn" and "Gods of Risk".

title: I Am Charlotte Simmons

text: Reviewer Jacob Weisberg of "The New York Times" wrote "Wolfe is always showing us something we haven't quite noticed. But after three thick novels and a novella (surely he will never write a short story), the issue remains: Why does a writer whose ambitions are so fundamentally journalistic insist on processing his reportage into fiction? You may never put down a Tom Wolfe novel. But you never reread one, either."

title: Jud Süß (Feuchtwanger novel)

text:
The story of Joseph Süß Oppenheimer had been the subject of a number of literary and dramatic treatments over the course of more than a century; the earliest of these having been Wilhelm Hauff's 1827 novella. The most successful literary adaptation was the Feuchtwanger novel based on a play that he had written in 1916 but subsequently withdrew. The novel was translated into English by Willa and Edwin Muir.
In the afterword to the novel, Feuchtwanger characterized Hauff's novella as 'naively anti-Semitic.'

title: Novella

text: Commonly, longer novellas are referred to as novels; Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886) and Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness (1899) are sometimes called novels, as are many science fiction works such as H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds (1897) and Philip Francis Nowlan's Armageddon 2419 A.D. (1928). Less often, longer works are referred to as novellas. The subjectivity of the parameters of the novella genre is indicative of its shifting and diverse nature as an art form. In her 2010 Open Letters Monthly series, "A Year With Short Novels", Ingrid Norton criticizes the tendency to make clear demarcations based purely on a book's length:

title: The Empress of Mars

text: "The Empress of Mars" is a science fiction novella published in 2003 by Kage Baker. It won the 2004 Theodore Sturgeon Award and was nominated for the 2004 Hugo Award for Best Novella as well as the 2004 Nebula Award for Best Novella. The novella was expanded into a novel published in 2009.

title: Nebula Awards Showcase 2018

text: The book collects pieces that won or were nominated for the Nebula Awards for best novel, novella, novelette and short story for the year 2016 (presented in 2017), as well as the novel that won the Andre Norton Award for that year and nonfiction pieces related to the awards, together with an introduction by the editor. The novels, the winning novella, and one of the novelette nominees are represented by excerpts; the non-winning pieces nominated for the Best Novel, Andre Norton Award and Best Novella are omitted.Lucy Lockley in "Booklist", while observing that the editor calls 2016 "an odd year for the Nebulas," writes "Readers will enjoy this 'odd' variety of excellence." She notes "The entries embrace a spectrum of themes, including disastrous, apocalyptic, and dystopian events; spins on mythology and folk and fairy tales; and poignant stories about family." Singled out for particular comment are the contributions by Yoachim, Krasnoff, Sandford, and Stufflebeam.

title: A Game of Thrones

text: A Game of Thrones is the first novel in "A Song of Ice and Fire", a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin. It was first published on August 1, 1996. The novel won the 1997 Locus Award and was nominated for both the 1997 Nebula Award and the 1997 World Fantasy Award. The novella "Blood of the Dragon", comprising the Daenerys Targaryen chapters from the novel, won the 1997 Hugo Award for Best Novella. In January 2011 the novel became a "New York Times" Bestseller and reached #1 on the list in July 2011.

title: Different Seasons

text: At the ending of the book, there is also a brief afterword, which King wrote on January 4, 1982. In it, he explains why he had not previously submitted the novellas (each written at a different time) for publication. Early in his career, his agents and editors expressed concern that he would be "written off" as someone who only wrote horror. However, his horror novels turned out to be quite popular and made him much in demand as a novelist. Conversely, the novellas, which did not deal (primarily) with the supernatural, were very difficult to publish as there was not a mass market for "straight" fiction stories in the 25,000- to 35,000-word format. Thus, King and his editor conceived the idea of publishing the novellas together as "something different", hence the title of the book.

title: Eifelheim

text: Eifelheim is a science fiction novel by American author Michael Flynn, published in 2006. It was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2007. It first appeared as a novella in 1986, which was a nominee for Best Novella Hugo Award in 1987.

title: Daniel Abraham (author)

text: In September 2007, Eos Books published the science fiction novel "Hunter's Run", a collaboration between Abraham, George R. R. Martin, and Gardner Dozois. The story began as an untitled novella written by Dozois and submitted to Martin for critique in 1977. Years later, Dozois was suffering from writer's block and asked Martin to help him finish the story. In 2002, Martin and Dozois decided to bring in a third author to finish the novella, asking Abraham to overhaul the 20,000 word manuscript and write an ending. The resulting novella, "Shadow Twin", was released online on "Sci Fiction" in 2004, and later reprinted in "Asimov's Science Fiction" and published as a chapbook by Subterranean Press. The novel version was suggested by Martin, and retitled "Hunter's Run" to avoid confusion with the novella version. The writers "threw everything out" to write the novel, each doing passes on the manuscript, with Dozois putting the finishing touches to the novel.


query: Is John Legend an EGOT?

title: List of awards and nominations received by John Legend

text: John Legend is an American soul singer, songwriter and pianist. In 2005, Legend received fifteen nominations and won two, including Best New Artist at the Black Entertainment Television Awards (BET Awards) and Best R&B Act at the MOBO Awards. In 2006, Legend received ten nominations and won five, including Best R&B Male Vocal Performance for "Stay with You", Best R&B Album for Get Lifted, Best New Artist at the Grammy Awards; Best R&B/Soul Album Male for Get Lifted, Best R&B/Soul Single Male for "Ordinary People" at the Soul Train Music Awards. In 2007, Legend received six nominations and won three, including Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group for "Family Affair", Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for "Heaven" at the Grammy Awards; Best R&B/Soul Single Male for "Save Room" at the Soul Train Music Awards. In 2017, Legend was the recipient of Smithsonian Magazine's American Ingenuity Award for Performing Arts.[1] In 2018 Legend became the first Black male to achieve an EGOT with his Emmy win for "Jesus Christ Superstar." Overall, Legend has won 33 awards from 88 nominations.

title: EGOT (gene)

text: EGOT, also known as Eosinophil Granule Ontogeny (EGO)† Transcript (non-protein coding), is a human gene at 3p26.1 that produces a long noncoding RNA molecule. EGOT is nested within an intron of the inositol triphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) gene. The EGOT transcript is expressed during eosinophil development and is possibly involved in regulating eosinophil granule protein expression. Comparison of EGO-B, the spliced isoform, suggests EGOT may be conserved across placental mammals.

title: Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land

text: This was the third time the show referenced Tracy Jordan trying to get his EGOT. This plot first began in the December 3, 2009, episode "Dealbreakers Talk Show" in which Tracy finds a diamond encrusted "EGOT" necklace and sets a new life goal to achieve EGOT status by winning four major awards: an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony. In "Emanuelle Goes to Dinosaur Land", Tracy decides to do the movie "Hard To Watch", in hopes that he can get an Oscar for his performance.

title: John Legend

text: In 2001, Devo Springsteen introduced Legend to then up-and-coming hip-hop artist Kanye West; Legend was hired to sing during the hooks of West's music. After signing to West's label, he chose his stage name from an idea that was given to him by poet J. Ivy, due to what he perceived as an "old-school sound." J. Ivy stated, "I heard your music and it reminds me of that music from the old school. You sound like one of the legends. As a matter of fact, that's what I'm going to call you from now on! I'm going to call you John Legend." After J. Ivy continued to call him by the new moniker "John Legend," others quickly caught on, including Kanye West. Despite Legend's reluctance to adopt a stage name, he eventually announced his new artist name as John Legend.

title: Unconscious cognition

text: Implicit egotism refers to the unconscious tendency of people to prefer things that resemble the self. In studies performed to test the effect of implicit egotism it has been shown that implicit egotism does in fact play a significant role in processes that influence major life decisions. Studies show that inexplicably people choose partners whose name is phonetically or structurally similar to their own names. This effect of implicit egotism is not only limited to relationship decisions but can also be seen in decisions regarding place or city of residence and arguable in almost every other aspect of life.

title: Egotism

text: The egotist has an overwhelming sense of the centrality of the 'Me', that is to say of their personal qualities. Egotism means placing oneself at the centre of one's world with no concern for others, including those "loved" or considered as "close", in any other terms except those subjectively set by the egotist.

title: John Legend

text: In 2007, Legend received the Hal David Starlight Award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Legend won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and Golden Globe Award in 2015 for co-writing the song "Glory" from the film "Selma". He has also won ten Grammy Awards. In 2017, Legend received a Tony Award for co-producing "Jitney" for the Broadway stage. In 2018, Legend portrayed Jesus Christ in the NBC adaptation of the Andrew Lloyd Webber/Tim Rice rock opera "Jesus Christ Superstar". He received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his acting role, and won for his role as a producer of the show, making him one of 15 people and the first black man to have won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony. Legend is also the second youngest to achieve the EGOT status.

title: Egotism

text: Egotism is the drive to maintain and enhance favorable views of oneself, and generally features an inflated opinion of one's personal features and importance. It often includes intellectual, physical, social and other overestimations.

title: EGOT (disambiguation)

text: EGOT is an acronym for "Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, Tony" in reference to persons who have won all four awards.

title: List of people who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards

text: He received his Grammy Award for "The Book of Mormon" in collaboration with fellow EGOT winner Scott Rudin (among others), making them the first pair of Grand Slam winners to have been co-winners of the same award. Lopez is also the first person to have won the Oscar last, which he won with his wife Kristen Anderson-Lopez. He is also the first winner to also win the so-called "Double EGOT", winning each EGOT award twice.John Legend (born 1978), a musician and producer, received his fourth distinct award in 2018. Between 2006 and 2018, Legend received a total of 13 awards. Legend has won the most Grammy awards, 10, of any EGOT recipient, and is the second recipient, after Marvin Hamlisch, who is primarily a musician. In addition to being the first black man to achieve EGOT status, Legend is the first person to receive the four awards in four consecutive years, and has the shortest time to complete any run of EGOT wins (3 years, 7 months). Legend, Andrew Lloyd Webber, and Tim Rice all simultaneously became EGOT recipients on September 9, 2018, when they were collectively awarded the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special (Live) for "Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert".Andrew Lloyd Webber (born 1948), a musical theatre composer, songwriter and producer, received his fourth distinct award in 2018. Between 1980 and 2018, Lloyd Webber received a total of 13 awards.Tim Rice (born 1944), a lyricist and producer, received his fourth distinct award in 2018. Between 1980 and 2018, Rice received a total of 12 awards, and shares some of his awards with his regular collaborator Andrew Lloyd Webber.The following artists have also received all of the four major awards. However, in each case, one of these awards has been received only in an honorary or other non-competitive category. (Streisand has not received a competitive Tony, Minnelli has not received a competitive Grammy, Menken has not received a competitive Emmy and Belafonte and Jones have not received a competitive Oscar.)

text: The EGOT acronym was coined by actor Philip Michael Thomas in late 1984, when his role on the new hit show "Miami Vice" brought instant fame, stating a desire to complete his own EGOT-winning collection. When coining the acronym, Thomas stated that it also means "energy, growth, opportunity and talent". However, he also intended that the "E" should only stand for the Primetime Emmy Award, and not a Daytime Emmy nor any of the awards presented at the other types of Emmy ceremonies. Nevertheless, two of 15 people listed as EGOT winners have won only the Daytime Emmy.

title: Implicit egotism

text:
Implicit egotism is the hypothesis that humans have an unconscious preference for things they associate with themselves. In their 2002 paper, researchers Pelham, Mirenberg, and Jones argue that people have a basic desire to feel good about themselves and behave according to that desire. These automatic positive associations would influence feelings about almost anything associated with the self. Given the mere ownership effect, which states that people like things more if they own them, and the name-letter effect, which states that people like the letters of their name more than other letters, the researchers theorised that people would develop an affection for objects and concepts that are chronically associated with the self, such as their name. They called this unconscious power implicit egotism. Researcher Uri Simonsohn suggested that implicit egotism only applies to cases where people are nearly indifferent between options, and therefore it would not apply to major decisions such as career choices. Low-stakes decisions such as choosing a charity would show an effect. Researcher Raymond Smeets theorised that if implicit egotism stems from a positive evaluation of the self, then people with low self-esteem would not gravitate towards choices associated with the self, but possibly away from them. A lab experiment confirmed this.
Implicit egotism is used by some researchers as an explanation for possible effects such as nominative determinism, which is the hypothesis that people tend to gravitate towards areas of work that fit their name (e.g. Igor Judge became a judge because of his name). Uri Simonsohn published a paper in 2011 in which he criticized Pelham "et al." for not considering confounding factors in their analyses of field data. In response to Simonsohn's critical analyses of their earlier methods, Pelham and Carvallo published a new study in 2015, describing how they now controlled for gender, ethnicity, and education confounds. In one study they looked at both U.S. and English census data and reported that men disproportionately worked in eleven occupations whose titles matched their surnames, namely, baker, barber, butcher, butler, carpenter, farmer, foreman, mason, miner, painter, and porter. This same paper also showed that people are disproportionately likely to marry others who share either their birthday numbers or their birth months. Pelham and Carvallo suggest that "natural experiments" such as this one eliminate many of the confounds that were potentially applicable to past studies of implicit egotism. Presumably, via processes such as mere exposure and classical conditioning, people develop strong preferences for things that resemble the self.

text:
Notes:
The artist also subsequently won one or more additional competitive awards.
The artist also received one or more honorary or non-competitive awards.
The artist also earned the Triple Crown of Acting, with singular (non-group/ensemble/company) acting wins in the Emmy, Oscar and Tony awards.
The artist has won a Daytime Emmy Award, not a Primetime Emmy Award.
The artist was awarded posthumously.
The artist has subsequently achieved multiple EGOTs.
Legend, Lloyd Webber, and Rice achieved their EGOTs simultaneously with their shared Emmy Award for producing "Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert"

title: Egotism

text: There is a question mark over the relationship between sex and egotism. Sigmund Freud popularly made the claim that love can transform the egotist, giving him or her a new sense of humility in relation to others.

text: Robert Lopez (born 1975), a songwriter, received his fourth distinct award in 2014. Between 2004 and 2018, Lopez received a total of 10 awards. Like fellow EGOT winner Whoopi Goldberg, his Emmy awards are Daytime Emmys (although he has been nominated for three competitive Primetime Emmy awards). Lopez is the first Filipino and Asian to achieve this feat. He is also the youngest winner to receive all four awards in competitive categories, as well as the fastest to complete his qualifying run of EGOT award wins (10 years), and the first to complete any run of EGOT wins in under 4 years (3 years, 8 months).

title: Roy Heath

text: In 1983, during a vacation to Guyana, Heath delivered the Edgar Mittelholzer Memorial Lecture, entitled "Art and Experience", in Georgetown. In the lecture Heath stated: "The price the artist pays for his egotism is a high one. On one level egotism obliges him to create, while the same egotism threatens to destroy him. Success not only goes to his head, it remains there, creating demands he cannot hope to satisfy. I am acutely aware of all of this and therefore try to shun gratuitous publicity."

title: Egotism

text: At the same time, it is very apparent that egotism can readily show itself in sexual ways and indeed arguably one's whole sexuality may function in the service of egotistical needs.

title: Future Husband

text: This was the second time the series referenced the Tracy Jordan character trying to get his EGOT. This plot first began in the December 3, 2009, episode "Dealbreakers Talk Show" in which Tracy finds a diamond encrusted "EGOT" necklace and sets a new life goal to achieve EGOT status by winning four major awards: an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony. In the episode, Tracy performs a one-man show so that he can get a Tony Award.

title: Dealbreakers Talk Show No. 0001

text: Meanwhile, Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) realizes that although he has two sons with his wife Angie (Sherri Shepherd), what is missing from his life is a daughter. As he shops for a special Christmas present for Angie, to try to convince her to have another child, Tracy finds a diamond encrusted "EGOT" necklace and sets a new life goal to achieve EGOT status by winning four major awards: an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony. Tracy discovers many EGOT-ers have been composers and aspires to write the most popular song of all time. The "EGOT" necklace originally belonged to Philip Michael Thomas of "Miami Vice". After failing to combine five popular musical styles into one song, he seeks help from Whoopi Goldberg, an EGOT title holder. Tracy sings his song to Angie and she is so moved she agrees to have another child.

title: The Spider Bite

text: The legend of "The Spider Bite" emerged as a modern legend in Europe in the late 1970s, but it echoes earlier manifestations of the bosom-serpent story type, where all types of creatures enter the body and sometimes reproduce there. Modern folklorists adopted the term bosom-serpent from Nathaniel Hawthorne's 1843 short story, "Egotism, or, the Bosom Serpent". The term is now used to generalize other legends in which living creatures enter the human body. In bosom-serpent type legends, the creatures usually have to be removed surgically, but sometimes they depart on their own, or even burst from the skin.

title: 43rd Primetime Emmy Awards

text: John Gielgud's win made him the fourth person to become an EGOT.

title: EGOT (gene)

text: †Originally published as EGO but renamed as EGOT because 'EGO' is a real word and is therefore problematic when searching the scientific literature.

title: Egotism

text: However, alongside such a positive trajectory of diminishing "individual" egotism, a rather different arc of development can be noted in cultural terms, linked to what has been seen as the increasing infantilism of (post)modern society. Whereas in the nineteenth century egotism was still widely regarded as a traditional vice – for Nathaniel Hawthorne egotism was a sort of diseased self-contemplation – Romanticism had already set in motion a countervailing current, what Richard Eldridge described as a kind of "cultural egotism, substituting the individual imagination for vanishing social tradition". The romantic idea of the self-creating individual – of a self-authorizing, artistic egotism – then took on broader social dimensions in the following century. Keats might still attack Wordsworth for the regressive nature of his retreat into the egotistical sublime; but by the close of the twentieth century egotism had been naturalized much more widely by the Me generation into the Culture of Narcissism.

title: EGOT (disambiguation)

text: EGOT may also refer to:

title: Egotism

text: The term egotism is derived from the Greek ("εγώ") and subsequently its Latinised ego ("ego"), meaning "self" or "I," and "-ism", used to denote a system of belief. As such, the term shares early etymology with egoism.

title: Egotism

text: Egotism differs from both altruism – or acting to gain "fewer" values than are being given – and from egoism, the constant pursuit of one's self-interest. Various forms of "empirical egoism" have been considered consistent with egotism, but do not – which is also the case with egotism in general – necessitate having an inflated sense of self.

title: Egotism; or, The Bosom-Serpent

text: "Egotism; or, The Bosom-Serpent" is a short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

title: Egotism

text: Egotism is closely related to an egocentric love for one's imagined self or narcissism – indeed some would say "by egotism we may envisage a kind of socialized narcissism". Egotists have a strong tendency to talk about themselves in a self-promoting fashion, and they may well be arrogant and boastful with a grandiose sense of their own importance. Their inability to recognise the accomplishments of others leaves them profoundly self-promoting; while sensitivity to criticism may lead on the egotist's part to narcissistic rage at a sense of insult.

title: A Legendary Christmas

text: The album is Legend's first holiday album, which he announced on October 1, 2018, via social media. His tweet wrote "This winter, get ready for A Legendary Christmas! I have a brand new Christmas album coming out accompanied by #ALegendaryChristmas Tour!". Prior to the album's announcement, Legend had just become the first African-American male to win an EGOT – an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony. Legend has previously said of his intention to create a Christmas album, he said "I just made a new Christmas album. I've wanted to do this for a long time." On October 11, 2018, Legend premiered two lead singles from the album, "Bring Me Love" and "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" simultaneously on VEVO.

title: Egotism

text: In developmental terms, two rather different trajectories can be distinguished with respect to egotism – the one individual, the other cultural.


query: When did the anime series Clannad begin?

title: List of Clannad episodes

text: The Clannad anime series has 24 episodes, 23 of which were originally broadcast between October 2007 and March 2008. The last episode was released as an original video animation (OVA) on the eighth DVD in July 2008. The anime series was released in a set of eight DVD compilations in Japan released between December 2007 and July 2008 by Pony Canyon, with each compilation containing three episodes.[1] The license holding company Sentai Filmworks licensed the Clannad anime series,[2] and Section23 Films localized and distributed the television series and the OVA starting with the first half season box set consisting of 12 episodes with English subtitles, Japanese audio, and no English language track, which was released in March 2009.[3] The second half season box set containing the remaining episodes was released in May 2009. Sentai Filmworks and Section23 Films released the entire first season, including the OVA, in a complete collection set featuring an English dub on June 15, 2010.[4]

title: List of Clannad episodes

text: A continuation of the first anime series titled Clannad After Story produced by the same staff as with the first series, and containing the same cast of voice actors,[10] adapts the After Story arc from the Clannad visual novel, which is a continuation of Nagisa's scenario. The second season aired in Japan between October 3, 2008 and March 26, 2009 on TBS in 4:3 aspect ratio with 24 episodes. Of the 24 episodes, 22 are regular episodes, the 23 is an extra episode, and the last episode is a summary episode showcasing highlights from the series. Clannad After Story also aired in 16:9 aspect ratio starting on October 24, 2008. The episodes were released on eight DVD compilation volumes between December 3, 2008 and July 1, 2009. The eighth DVD volume came with an additional original video animation (OVA) episode set in an alternate universe from the anime series where Tomoya and Kyou are dating. The OVA episode was previewed on May 24, 2009 for a limited number of people.[11]

title: Clannad (visual novel)

text: The license holding company Sentai Filmworks licensed the Clannad anime series,[102] and ADV Films localized and distributed the television series and the OVA starting with the first half season box set consisting of 12 episodes with English subtitles, Japanese audio, and no English language track, which was released on March 3, 2009.[103] The second half season box set containing the remaining episodes was released on May 5, 2009.[104] Sentai Filmworks licensed the Clannad After Story anime series;[105] Section23 Films localized and distributed both the television series and OVA starting with the first half season box set with English subtitles released on October 20, 2009. The second half box set was released on December 8, 2009. Sentai Filmworks re-released Clannad in a complete collection set on June 15, 2010, which featured an English dub, produced at Seraphim Digital.[106][107] The English dub premiered on March 25, 2010 on the Anime Network.[108] Sentai Filmworks re-released Clannad After Story with an English dub on April 19, 2011,[109] and re-released Clannad on BD in November 2011.[110]

title: Clannad (visual novel)

text: Two Clannad anthology character novels were written by several authors and published by Jive in September and December 2004.[57][58] The first volume of a short story anthology compilation series written by Hiro Akizuki and Mutsuki Misaki titled Clannad.(くらなど。) was released in November 2008 published by Harvest;[59] the third volume was released in October 2009.[60] Three volumes of a short story compilation series by several authors titled Clannad SSS were published by Harvest between June and August 2009. Harvest published a novel titled Clannad Mystery File in August 2010 and another novel titled Clannad: Magic Hour in December 2010.[61]

title: Clannad (visual novel)

text: A second Internet radio show to promote the Clannad After Story anime series called Nagisa to Sanae to Akio no Omae ni Hyper Rainbow(渚と早苗と秋生のおまえにハイパーレインボー) was broadcast between October 10, 2008 and April 10, 2009, containing 26 episodes.[111] The show was also produced by Onsen and Animate TV, and was streamed online every Friday.[111] The show had three hosts including the previous two plus Ryōtarō Okiayu who plays Akio Furukawa in the anime series.[111] Two two-disc CD compilations were released containing the second radio shows broadcasts, the first released on February 18, 2009,[116] followed by the second on May 29, 2009.[117]

title: Clannad (visual novel)

text: The first limited edition DVD for Clannad After Story ranked second during its first week of sales selling 17,521 units.[153] The second through fourth limited edition DVDs for Clannad After Story ranked first during their first week of sales each selling over 16,000 units each.[154][155][156] The fifth through seventh limited edition DVDs for Clannad After Story ranked first during their first week of sales selling over 14,000 units each.[157][158][159] The eighth limited edition DVD for Clannad After Story ranked second during its first week of sales selling over 19,800 units.[160] The sixth limited edition DVD volume ranked again the week of May 11 and May 17, 2009 at number three for anime DVDs.[161] The seventh limited edition DVD volume ranked again the week of June 8 and June 14, 2009 at number six for anime DVDs.[162] The eighth limited edition DVD volume ranked again the week of July 6 and July 12, 2009 at number five for anime DVDs.[163]

title: Music of Clannad

text: "Clannad" is a visual novel developed by Key and published by VisualArt's in 2004. The story follows Tomoya Okazaki, a discontented high school student whose life changes when he meets a girl one year older than him named Nagisa Furukawa. It was adapted by Toei Animation into an animated film in 2007 directed by Osamu Dezaki with music direction by Yoshichika Inomata. Kyoto Animation also adapted it into two anime television series consisting of 49 episodes broadcast between 2007 and 2009, including two original video animation episodes released in 2008 and 2009, directed by Tatsuya Ishihara with music direction by Shinji Orito. The discography of "Clannad" and its anime adaptations consists of two studio albums, four singles, two soundtracks, and four remix albums.

title: Key Sounds Label

text: Most of the releases on the label contain music directly related to Key's visual novels, whether they be original soundtracks, remix albums, or image song singles and albums. There are other music singles and albums produced by members of Key not related to Key's titles. For example, the first album released on the label, "Humanity...", is the only album released by Work-S, a band produced by Shinji Orito. Two maxi singles containing songs sung by Lia were released on the label in December 2002 and August 2003. An album entitled "Love Song" was released in August 2005 containing songs sung by Riya of Eufonius. In December 2006, Key Sounds Label produced the first drama CD on the label, and two more followed in July 2007. In December 2006, the first anime music single to commemorate the second anime television series adaptation of "Kanon" was produced on the label, and an anime single for the "Clannad" anime television series followed in October 2007. A third anime music single, this time for the "Clannad After Story" anime television series, was released in November 2008. A short remix album for "Clannad After Story" was released in December 2008. Music singles and albums for the anime "Angel Beats!" were released between April and December 2010. A single for the "Little Busters!" anime television series was released in October 2012. Two singles for the "Little Busters! Refrain" anime television series were released: the first in October 2013 and the second in November 2013.

title: Anju Inami

text: Inami graduated from Yoyogi Animation School. She aspired to become a voice actress after watching the anime series "Clannad".

title: Clannad

text: In May 2008, Clannad's version of the traditional song "Down by the Sally Gardens" was featured in the listening paper for Music GCSE from the Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations exam board. On 25 August 2008, Clannad released a new compilation album of their early music to contrast the music of their previous compilation album at the beginning of 2008, "".

title: List of Clannad episodes

text: The Clannad animated television series is based on the visual novel Clannad by the Japanese visual novel brand Key. The episodes, produced by the animation studio Kyoto Animation, are directed by Tatsuya Ishihara, written by Fumihiko Shimo, and features character design by Kazumi Ikeda who based the designs on Itaru Hinoue's original concept. The story follows the main character Tomoya Okazaki, a discontent high school student whose life changes when he meets a girl one year older than he is, named Nagisa Furukawa.

title: List of Clannad episodes

text: The license holding company Sentai Filmworks licensed the Clannad anime series,[2] and Section23 Films localized and distributed the television series and the OVA starting with the first half-season box set consisting of 12 episodes with English subtitles, Japanese audio, and no English language track, which was released on March 3, 2009.[3] The second half season box set containing the remaining episodes was released on May 5, 2009. A complete box set of Clannad was released on June 15, 2010, featuring a new English dub of the series.[4]

title: List of Clannad episodes

text: Aside from the theme music used for the episodes, the rest of the soundtrack for both anime series is sampled from several albums released for the Clannad visual novel including the Clannad Original Soundtrack, Mabinogi, -Memento-, Sorarado, and Sorarado Append. The cover art for Sorarado Append is also visible as the last shot in the ending video animation of the first season. This includes four insert songs used within the first season's episodes which include: "Kaze no Shōjo"(風の少女,Maiden of the Wind) and "Ana" used in episode nine, "Over"(オーバー,Ōbā) used in episode 18, and "-Kage Futatsu-"(-影二つ-,-Two Shadows-) used in episode 22 which is also the main ending theme from the visual novel.

title: List of Clannad episodes

text: The license holding company Sentai Filmworks licensed the Clannad After Story anime series,[5] and Section23 Films localized and distributed the television series and the OVA starting with the first half season box set consisting of 12 episodes with English subtitles, Japanese audio, and no English language track, released on October 20, 2009. The second half season box set containing the remaining episodes was released on December 8, 2009. Sentai Filmworks re-released Clannad After Story with an English dub in April 2011.[12]

title: Jun Maeda

text: Jun Maeda composes and writes lyrics for songs and background music featured in games he works on. At Tactics, he composed a single piece of music for "Moon", but did not contribute to the music in "". At Key, Maeda has worked on the music for all of Key's titles except for "" and "Rewrite Harvest festa!". He also composed and wrote the lyrics to the ending theme song for the "Clannad" anime series, and similarly for the opening theme song for the "Clannad After Story" anime series. Music that Maeda composes for Key titles is published on Key's record label Key Sounds Label. On the label, Maeda produced three singles and one album where he wrote and composed all the songs which include: "Natsukage / Nostalgia", "Birthday Song,Requiem", "Spica/Hanabi/Moon", and "Love Song"; the songs on the first three were sung by Lia and the fourth was sung by Riya.

title: Clannad (visual novel)

text: A maxi single by Eufonius was released in July 2007 for the Clannad film called "Mag Mell (frequency⇒e Ver.)". The single contained a remix version of the game's opening theme, and instrumental track of that remix, and an original track. An image album titled Yakusoku was released in August 2007 featuring a song sung by Lia, an instrumental version of that song, and two background music tracks used in the film. The film's original soundtrack was released in November 2007.[119] The albums released for the film were produced by Frontier Works. A single was released in October 2007 for the first anime series called "Mag Mell / Dango Daikazoku" which contained the anime's opening and ending themes in original, short, and instrumental versions plus a remix version of "Shōjo no Gensō"(少女の幻想,The Girl's Fantasy), a track featured in Sorarado sung by Riya.[118] A single for the second season anime series was released in November 2008 called "Toki o Kizamu Uta / Torch", and contains the anime's opening and ending themes sung by Lia.[118] A remix album containing piano arrangement versions of the second anime series' opening and ending themes was released in December 2008 called "Toki o Kizamu Uta / Torch" Piano Arrange Disc.[120] The anime series' two singles and one album are released on Key Sounds Label.[118]

title: Clannad (visual novel)

text: On March 15, 2007, the Japanese television station BS-i announced a Clannad anime series via a short 30-second teaser trailer that was featured at the end of the final episode of the second Kanon anime series. Clannad is produced by Kyoto Animation, directed by Tatsuya Ishihara, and written by Fumihiko Shimo, who also worked on other adaptations of Key's visual novels Air and Kanon. The anime aired between October 4, 2007 and March 27, 2008, containing 23 aired episodes out of a planned 24;[94] the broadcast time was first announced on August 11, 2007 at the TBS festival Anime Festa, which is also when the first episode was showcased. The anime series was released in a set of eight DVD compilations released between December 19, 2007 and July 16, 2008 by Pony Canyon, with each compilation containing three episodes.[94] Of the 24 episodes, 23 were aired on television with the first 22 being regular episodes, followed by an additional extra episode. The last episode was released as an original video animation (OVA) on the eighth DVD on July 16, 2008 and is set in an alternate universe from the anime series where Tomoya and Tomoyo are dating, which is based on Tomoyo's scenario in the game.[94] The OVA episode was previewed on May 31, 2008 for an audience of four-hundred people picked via a mail-in postcard campaign.[94] A Blu-ray Disc (BD) box set of Clannad was released on April 30, 2010.[95][96]

title: Clannad (visual novel)

text: Clannad has made several transitions to other media. There have been four manga adaptations published by ASCII Media Works, Flex Comix, Fujimi Shobo and Jive. Comic anthologies, light novels and art books have also been published, as have audio dramas and several albums of music. An animated film by Toei Animation was released in September 2007, followed by two anime series including two original video animation (OVA) episodes by Kyoto Animation produced between 2007 and 2009. Both anime series and their accompanying OVAs are licensed by Sentai Filmworks and were released in North America in 2009. The animated adaptations have received high sales figures in Japan as well as critical acclaim abroad.

title: Clannad (visual novel)

text: For Key's second visual novel Air, Maeda admitted he felt he was able to write what he wanted to for the game's scenario, but he later discovered that Air was difficult for players to receive and experience. Due to this, Maeda felt that for Key's next work Clannad, he had a sense of duty to make the game easier to receive for as many users as possible. In any case, he wanted to make it an entertaining game, and started planning on Clannad almost immediately after Air's completion. From the start of Clannad's planning, Maeda did not want to write a story like in Air, but instead wanted to focus on writing a deep connection between the 'people and the town', and 'humanity'.[5] Maeda noted that he exceeded his writing ability when writing most of the scenarios in Clannad, and equates Clannad's writing process as a "wall that I will never be able to get over again."[12] While at the beginning Maeda felt he was prepared, the entire game's story started to increase to a level Maeda never predicted, and Suzumoto noted that it approximately doubled in size from the original projected length. Suzumoto attributed the increase due to the lengthening structure of the game's base scenario which caused the 'branch' scenarios to increase as well.[5]

title: Clannad (visual novel)

text: Toei Animation (the same team who worked on the original Kanon anime and Air film) announced at the Tokyo Anime Fair on March 23, 2006 that an animated film would be produced.[90] The Clannad film was released on September 15, 2007, directed by the same director of the Air film, Osamu Dezaki, and the screenplay was written by Makoto Nakamura.[91] The film is a reinterpretation of the Clannad storyline which centers on the story arc of the female lead Nagisa Furukawa. The film was released on DVD in three editions: the Collector's Edition, the Special Edition, and the Regular Edition on March 7, 2008.[92] Sentai Filmworks released an English-subbed and dubbed version of the film in March 2011.[93]

title: Clannad (visual novel)

text: Theron Martin of Anime News Network gave the first season a 'B+' rating, criticizing its extensive use of moe elements, but considered it appealing entertainment for a "fan base who revels in this kind of thing."[166] His review for the second season After Story was much more positive, giving it an 'A-' rating. He praised the second half of the season as "the best-written quarter of Clannad," stating that it "effectively builds up and delivers its emotional appeal, reinforces the series' central theme (i.e. the importance of family), and peaks visually," and concluding that "only the most cynical of souls will avoid shedding at least a few tears at certain points."[167] On the DVD Talk website, the reviewer Todd Douglass Jr. gave Clannad After Story a "Highly Recommended" rating, stating that "the range of emotions Clannad takes you through is quite daunting. It's charming, cute, hilarious, mysterious, and tragic all at the same time. Few shows are as memorable, and few are this good for this long." He concludes that the storytelling is "heartfelt" and "memorable in so many ways," and that "few shows rise to the levels this one does."[168]

title: Music of Clannad

text: ""Toki o Kizamu Uta / Torch" Piano Arrange Disc" is a piano arrange album for the "Clannad After Story" anime series by Kyoto Animation which was released on December 28, 2008 at Comiket 75 in Japan by Key Sounds Label bearing the catalog number "KSLC-0003". The album contains one disc with two tracks, which are piano arrange versions of the opening and ending themes from the anime version. The album is composed, arranged, and produced by Jun Maeda, Shinji Orito, and Ryō Mizutsuki. The album came bundled with the "Toki o Kizamu Uta / Torch" piano sheet music book.

title: Clannad (visual novel)

text: For the anime television adaptation, the first season of Clannad received reviews ranging from positive to mixed, while the second season Clannad After Story received wide critical acclaim. The THEM Anime Reviews website gave the entire series a score of 4 out of 5 stars, with reviewer Tim Jones describing the first season as "the most fleshed-out and real Key animated adaption to date,"[164] and reviewer Stig Høgset stating that the second season After Story "will play up the tragedies and the drama considerably, quite possibly tearing out your heart in the process. This is where time truly starts to fly by, lending the show some real weight in the emotional departments."[165]

title: The Dandelion Girl

text: "The Dandelion Girl" influenced Yutaka Izubuchi in the production of the Japanese anime series "RahXephon". The repeated line "Day before yesterday I saw a rabbit, and yesterday a deer, and today, you." from the story was featured in the visual novel "Clannad" and its anime series adaptation. The line was also referenced by the video game "Portal 2".

title: List of Clannad episodes

text: Of the 24 episodes planned for release by Kyoto Animation,[1] 23 were aired on television with the first 22 being regular episodes, followed by an additional extra episode. The last episode was released as an original video animation on the eighth DVD on July 16, 2008 and is set in an alternate universe from the anime series in which Tomoya and Tomoyo are dating.[1] The OVA episode was previewed on May 31, 2008 for an audience of four-hundred people picked via a mail-in postcard campaign.[1] The broadcast time was first announced on August 11, 2007 at the TBS festival Anime Festa, which is also when the first episode was showcased. The episodes aired between October 4, 2007 and March 27, 2008 on the TBS Japanese television network in 4:3 aspect ratio.[7] The anime also aired in 16:9 aspect ratio between October 26, 2007 and April 4, 2008 on the BS-i Japanese television network. The anime series was released in a set of eight DVD compilations in Japan released between December 19, 2007 and July 16, 2008 by Pony Canyon, with each compilation containing three episodes.[1] A Blu-ray Disc box set of Clannad was released on April 30, 2010 in Japan.[8]

title: Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions! Take on Me

text: Kim Morrissy of Anime News Network praised the film for finally progressing Rikka and Yuta's relationship, but otherwise felt that it somewhat retread ground covered by the first two television series. He also found the film's animation to be good but lacking, more in line with the TV series than a typical theatrical production, and made special note of the poor inclusion of 3D objects, such as vehicles, into the 2D animation. He appreciated the film's many references to other Kyoto Animation series, such as "Tamako Market", "Sound! Euphonium", "The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya", and "Clannad", and opined that the film would mainly appeal to fans of the series who had enjoyed the second season of the anime, as well as fans of Kyoto Animation's other works.

title: Clannad discography

text: Clannad achieved a breakthrough in their career in 1983 with the song "Theme from Harry's Game" which peaked at number five in the United Kingdom charts and won an Ivor Novello award. Clannad won a BAFTA for their 1984 "Legend", the soundtrack for the "Robin of Sherwood" series. In 1998, Clannad were awarded a Grammy award for their latest studio album, "Landmarks".

title: Music of Clannad

text: is a single for the "Clannad" anime series by Kyoto Animation which was released on October 26, 2007 in Japan by Key Sounds Label bearing the catalog number "KSLA-0036". The single contains the opening and ending themes from the anime version in full length, TV length, and off-vocal versions, along with a bonus remix track of the song "Shōjo no Gensō" from the earlier "Sorarado" image album released in 2003. The opening theme "Mag Mell (cuckool mix 2007)" is performed by Eufonius and sung by Riya, who also sings "Shōjo no Gensō". The ending theme "Dango Daikazoku" is sung by Chata. The single is composed, arranged, and produced by Jun Maeda, Magome Togoshi, Hajime Kikuchi, Takumaru, and ZTS.

title: Clannad (visual novel)

text: After the ending of the 23rd episode of the first Clannad anime series, a 15-second teaser trailer aired promoting a second season titled Clannad After Story. The anime is again animated by Kyoto Animation, and animates the After Story arc from the visual novel, which is a continuation of Nagisa's story, into 24 episodes. The same staff and cast from the first anime were used and the series broadcast in Japan between October 3, 2008 and March 26, 2009.[97][98] Of the 24 episodes, 22 are regular episodes, the 23rd is an extra episode, and the last episode is a summary episode showcasing highlights from the series. The episodes were released on eight DVD compilation volumes between December 3, 2008 and July 1, 2009.[99] The eighth DVD volume came with an additional OVA episode set in an alternate universe from the anime series where Tomoya and Kyou are dating. The OVA episode was previewed on May 24, 2009 to a limited number of people.[100] A BD box set of Clannad After Story was released on April 20, 2011 in Japan with English subtitles.[99][101]

title: List of Clannad episodes

text: A continuation of the first anime series titled Clannad After Story produced by the same staff as with the first series, and containing the same cast of voice actors, adapts the After Story arc from the Clannad visual novel, which is a continuation of Nagisa's scenario. Clannad After Story has 25 episodes, 24 of which aired in Japan between October 2008 and March 2009. The last episode was again released as an OVA on the eighth DVD in July 2009. The episodes were released on eight DVD compilation volumes between December 2008 and July 2009. Sentai Filmworks also licensed Clannad After Story and Section23 Films localized and distributed the television series and OVA starting with the first half season box set with English subtitles released in October 2009.[5] The second half season box set containing the remaining episodes was released in December 2009. Sentai Filmworks re-released Clannad After Story with an English dub on April 19, 2011.[6]