query: When was Texas Instruments founded?

title: Texas Instruments

text: Texas Instruments emerged in 1951 after a reorganization of Geophysical Service Incorporated, a company founded in 1930 that manufactured equipment for use in the seismic industry, as well as defense electronics.[8] TI produced the world's first commercial silicon transistor in 1954[9], and designed and manufactured the first transistor radio in 1954. Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit in 1958 while working at TI's Central Research Labs. TI also invented the hand-held calculator in 1967, and introduced the first single-chip microcontroller (MCU) in 1970, which combined all the elements of computing onto one piece of silicon.[10]

title: Texas Instruments SN76489

text: The SN76489 Digital Complex Sound Generator (DCSG) is a TTL-compatible programmable sound generator chip from Texas Instruments. It contains:Its main application was the generation of music and sound effects in game consoles, arcade games and home computers (such as the Texas Instruments TI-99/4A, BBC Micro, ColecoVision, and IBM PCjr), competing with the similar General Instrument AY-3-8910.

title: Texas Instruments TMS320

text: Texas Instruments TMS320 is a blanket name for a series of digital signal processors (DSPs) from Texas Instruments. It was introduced on April 8, 1983 through the TMS32010 processor, which was then the fastest DSP on the market.

title: Texas Instruments

text: Texas Instruments invented the hand-held calculator (a prototype called "Cal Tech") in 1967 and the single-chip microcomputer in 1971, was assigned the first patent on a single-chip microprocessor (invented by Gary Boone) on September 4, 1973.[26] This was disputed by Gilbert Hyatt, formerly of the Micro Computer Company, in August 1990 when he was awarded a patent superseding TI's. This was over-turned on June 19, 1996 in favor of TI[27] (note: Intel is usually given credit with Texas Instruments for the almost-simultaneous invention of the microprocessor).

title: AGM-88 HARM

text: The AGM-88 HARM (High-speed Anti-radiation Missile) is a tactical, air-to-surface anti-radiation missile designed to home in on electronic transmissions coming from surface-to-air radar systems. It was originally developed by Texas Instruments as a replacement for the AGM-45 Shrike and AGM-78 Standard ARM system. Production was later taken over by Raytheon Corporation when it purchased the defense production business of Texas Instruments.

title: National Instruments

text: In the early 1970s, James Truchard, Jeff Kodosky, and Bill Nowlin, were working at the University of Texas at Austin Applied Research Laboratories. As part of a project conducting research for the U.S. Navy, the men were using early computer technology to collect and analyze data. Frustrated with the inefficient data collection methods they were using, the three decided to create a product that would enable their task to be done more easily. In 1976, working in the garage at Truchard's home, the three founded a new company. They attempted to incorporate under several names, including Longhorn Instruments and Texas Digital, but all were rejected. Finally, they settled on the current name of National Instruments.

title: VI Technology

text: VI Technology was founded in Austin, Texas in 1991 by an electrical engineer and a computer scientist from the University of Texas. Founded to develop software instrument drivers for measurement instruments, the company expanded to develop automated test systems and enterprise test data management solutions for industry.

title: Litigation involving the Wikimedia Foundation

text: Texas Instruments sent a DMCA takedown notice to the Wikimedia Foundation because certain cryptographic keys were made public in the Texas Instruments signing key controversy article. A Wikipedia editor later filed a counter-notice, Texas Instruments did not reply in 10–14 business days as required by the DMCA, and the keys were restored to the article.

title: Texas Instruments Compact Computer 40

text: An improved model, the CC-40 Plus, was in the final stages of development. The Plus featured a cassette port, but the project was canceled when Texas Instruments canceled the 99/4A and left the home computer field.

title: Atec, Inc.

text: Atec was founded in 1953 as Accurate Instrument Co. and was officially incorporated in the state of Texas on July 13, 1956. Accurate Instrument Co. primarily manufactured instrumentation for the aviation industry. Some notable products included a standard day instrument (used to provide automated correlations to standard sea level atmospheric conditions), signal generators, frequency counters, oscillators, and pressure test sets.

title: Wanda Gass

text: Gass began work at Texas Instruments in 1980 as an electrical engineer. Gass was heavily involved in the development of Texas Instruments first commercially viable digital signal processor (DSP) and was eventually promoted to the position of technical fellow. Gass was one of the first women promoted into this role, which was the equivalent of a Vice President at Texas Instruments.

title: Texas Instruments SN76488

text: The Texas Instruments SN76488 "complex sound generator" is a sound chip produced by Texas Instruments. It is basically similar to the Texas Instruments SN76477 but with internal audio amplifier.

title: Patrick E. Haggerty

text: Patrick Eugene Haggerty (March 17, 1914 – October 1, 1980) was an American engineer and businessman. He was a co-founder and former president and chairman of Texas Instruments, Incorporated. Haggerty is most responsible for turning a small Texas oil exploration company into the leader in semiconductors that Texas Instruments is today. Under his influence, the company invested in transistors when their commercial value was still much in question; his company created the first silicon transistor, the first commercial transistor radio, and the first integrated circuit.

title: MTL Instruments Group

text: MTL Instruments was founded as a private company in 1971. In 2005 the company acquired GeCma Components GmbH, which manufactures computer terminals for use in hazardous areas. In 2007 MTL acquired three companies: ELPRO Technologies, which specialises in industrial wireless equipment and radio telemetry; RTK Instruments, which manufactures alarm equipment for process control systems; and Ocean Technical Systems, which provides remote instrumentation for offshore drilling vessels, tankers and pipelines. In 2008, MTL Instruments was purchased by Cooper Industries of Houston, Texas, under that company's Crouse-Hinds division.

title: Antigua Winds

text: Antigua Winds is a manufacturer of woodwind and brass instruments like saxophones, clarinets, trumpets, flutes, and musical instrument accessories. The company was founded in 1991 by musician and educator Fred Hoey in San Antonio, Texas. Antigua Winds specializes in professional and student instruments.

title: Texas Instruments

text: On April 4, 2011, Texas Instruments announced that it had agreed to buy National Semiconductor for $6.5 billion in cash. Texas Instruments would pay $25 per share of National Semiconductor stock. It was an 80% premium over the share price of $14.07 as of April 4, 2011 close. The deal made Texas Instruments the world's largest maker of analog technology components.[72][73][74][75][76] The companies formally merged on September 23, 2011.[77]

title: Texas Instruments

text: For the fiscal year 2017, Texas Instruments reported earnings of US$3.682 billion, with an annual revenue of US$14.961 billion, an increase of 11.9% over the previous fiscal cycle. Texas Instruments shares traded at over $82 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$88.0 billion in October 2018.[51] As of 2018, Texas Instruments ranked 192nd on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.[52]

title: Bernhard Caesar Einstein

text: When he obtained his diploma at ETH, Einstein returned to the United States and worked as an engineer for Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas.

title: Texas Instruments TMS9918

text: The TMS9918 is a Video Display Controller (VDC) manufactured by Texas Instruments, introduced in 1979. The TMS9918 and its variants were used in the ColecoVision and CreatiVision (a Japanese variant), Memotech MTX, MSX, SG-1000/SC-3000, Spectravideo, Sord M5, Tatung Einstein, Texas Instruments TI-99/4, Casio PV-2000, and Tomy Tutor.

title: Episcopal Diocese of West Texas

text: Organized by a division of the Episcopal Diocese of Texas in 1874, it had (as of 2017) 87 churches, 26,000 active baptized members, and an Average Sunday Attendance of 10,592. The diocese and its parishes sponsor twenty-eight parochial schools and preschools, including TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas (founded as "West Texas Military Academy"), a boarding college preparatory school on the outskirts of San Antonio. The diocese was also instrumental in the founding of St. Philip's College, which became a public community college in 1942.

title: James L. Vincent

text: Prior to working in the healthcare industry, Vincent held senior positions at Texas Instruments in Europe and Japan. From Texas Instruments, he joined Abbott Laboratories, as the founding president of its Human Diagnostics Division. He eventually rose to president and chief operating officer of Abbott. He then became the president of Allied Health and Scientific Products.

title: Texas Instruments Power

text: Texas Instruments Power, known more popularly by its acronym TIP, is a series of bipolar junction transistors manufactured by Texas Instruments. The series was introduced in the 1960s, and still sees some use today due to their simplicity, their durability, and their ease of use. A Texas Instruments catalog in 1966 lists the TIP04 and TIP14 part numbers.

text: The Texas Instruments signing key controversy refers to the controversy which resulted from Texas Instruments' (TI) response to a project to factorize the 512-bit RSA cryptographic keys needed to write custom firmware to TI devices.

title: Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture

text: Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture (TIGA) is a graphics interface standard created by Texas Instruments that defined the software interface to graphics processors. Using this standard, any software written for TIGA should work correctly on a TIGA-compliant graphics interface card.

title: Giddings, Texas

text: The city itself was founded in 1871 when the Houston and Texas Central Railway came to the area. It probably took its name from local magnate Jabez Deming Giddings, who was instrumental in bringing the railway to the area. He had come to the area from Pennsylvania in 1838 to claim the land bounty of his brother Giles A. Giddings, killed at the Battle of San Jacinto. Another theory is that the city was named after Jabez's brother Dewitt Clinton Giddings.

title: Eugene McDermott

text: In 1951, McDermott, along with Cecil Howard Green, Patrick E. Haggerty, and J. Erik Jonsson co-founded Texas Instruments. This was done when the company changed its name to Texas Instruments; GSI becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the new company. This acknowledged that the company had changed its focus from one primarily devoted to oil exploration to one focused on manufacturing. McDermott was the Chairman of TI from 1951-1957, Chairman of the Executive Committee of Board of Directors from 1957-1964 and Director until his death in 1973. During this period of time, Texas Instruments rose to be one of the world's largest corporations.

title: Energy Micro

text: Energy Micro was founded in 2007. The team consists of semiconductor experienced personnel where the President and CEO Geir Førre previously founded Chipcon, now a subsidiary of Texas Instruments. Co-founder and CTO Øyvind Janbu has experience from Chipcon, Texas Instruments, and Tandberg. Co-founder and the VP of Engineering, Eirik Jørgensen, has previously worked for Atmel. Co-founder and VP of Sales Operation, John Fjellheim, previously worked for Chipcon. In addition to the original founders the following individuals are now part of Energy Micro's management team; Andreas Koller joined from Texas Instruments as the VP of Worldwide Sales and Marketing, Zalina Shaher joined as the VP of Operations and she has former experience from Motorola and Silicon Laboratories, while Phi Hong joined as the VP of Finance.

title: Texas Instruments Professional Computer and Professional Portable Computer

text: The Texas Instruments Professional Computer (TIPC) and the Texas Instruments Portable Professional Computer (TIPPC) were devices that were both released on January 31, 1983. The TIPC was a desktop PC and the TIPPC was a fully compatible, portable version of the TIPC. Both computers were most often used by white-collar information workers and professionals who needed to gather, manipulate and transmit information. Texas Instruments (TI) was the first company to release videotape training videos for their computers.

title: TI-35

text: Texas Instruments TI-35 was a series of scientific calculators by Texas Instruments. The original TI-35 was notable for being one of Texas Instruments' first use of CMOS controller chips in their designs, and was at the time distinguished from the lower-end TI-30 line by the addition of some statistics functions.

title: Texas Instruments

text: Texas Instruments was founded by Cecil H. Green, J. Erik Jonsson, Eugene McDermott, and Patrick E. Haggerty in 1951. McDermott was one of the original founders of Geophysical Service Inc. (GSI) in 1930. McDermott, Green, and Jonsson were GSI employees who purchased the company in 1941. In November, 1945, Patrick Haggerty was hired as general manager of the Laboratory and Manufacturing (L&M) division, which focused on electronic equipment.[13] By 1951, the L&M division, with its defense contracts, was growing faster than GSI's Geophysical division. The company was reorganized and initially renamed General Instruments Inc. Because there already existed a firm named General Instrument, the company was renamed Texas Instruments that same year. From 1956 to 1961, Fred Agnich of Dallas, later a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives, was the Texas Instruments president. Geophysical Service, Inc. became a subsidiary of Texas Instruments. Early in 1988 most of GSI was sold to the Halliburton Company.

title: Altair Semiconductor

text: Altair was founded in May 2005 by former Texas Instruments executives Oded Melamed, Yigal Bitran, and Eran Eshed, with extensive broadband and wireless silicon experience. Altair's management and technology executives were among the founding team of Libit Signal Processing, a fabless chip company acquired by Texas Instruments in 1999 for $365 million.


query: Where was Louise-Marie-Madeleine Guillaume de Fontaine born?

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Louise-Marie-Madeleine Guillaume de Fontaine (after marriage known as Madame Dupin; 28 October 1706 – 20 November 1799) was a French saloniste.

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Louise-Marie-Madeleine, daughter of Jean-Louis-Guillaume, ecuyer, Seigneur de Fontaine, councillor of the King, commissioner of the Navy and galleys de France and Marie-Anne-Armande Dancourt his wife born on the twenty-eight of October in the Sourdière street on this parish where was baptized, was the godfather the very high and very powerful Lord Louis d'Aumont de Roche baron duc d'Aumont, peer of France, first gentleman of the King's bedchamber and Governor of the town and castle of Bolougne and Bolougnese country, the godmother was Madeleine Clerjaut, wife of Samuel Bernard, Knight of the King's Order.

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: On 16 April 1741 Monsieur and Madame Dupin officially take possession of the city of Blanc, according to the feudal tradition:[19]

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Madame Dupin passed her estate to her step-greatgrandson, Count René-François Vallet de Villeneuve and his wife Apolline de Guibert. Chenonceaux remained in the family until 1864. The Marquisate of Blanc went to René's younger brother Auguste-Louis Vallet de Villeneuve, Treasurer of the City of Paris and husband of Laure-Antoinette de Ségur, a daughter of Count Louis-Philippe de Ségur.

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Madame Dupin had the following properties:

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Samuel Bernard died on 18 January 1739 and according to the succession of his estate, Claude Dupin was forced to abandon the Hôtel Lambert the following 31 March.

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Georges Touchard-Lafosse at the age of 17, paid a visit to Madame Dupin in 1797. He later evokes it:[40]

title: Marie-Louise O'Murphy

text: Her daughter Louise Charlotte died on 6 February 1759, aged two. Thirteen days later, on 19 February at Riom, Marie-Louise married secondly with François Nicolas Le Normant, Comte de Flaghac and Receiver General of Finance in Riom (born 13 September 1725), a divorcee with three children. A distant cousin of Charles Guillaume Le Normant d'Étiolles and Charles François Paul Le Normant de Tournehem, through this marriage Marie-Louise became related with Madame de Pompadour. In addition, the former royal mistress was able to enter in the finance world and thanks to the traffic of influences, could accesses on the "Ferme générale", which enable her to multiplicate her assets and fortune.

title: Guillaume-Antoine Calvière

text:
Guillaume-Antoine Calvière was born in Paris around 1695, the son of Rodolphe Calvière and Jeanne Boundin.
He was a pupil of Philippe Isoré de La Fontaine, who spent his whole career until his death in 1733 as organist of Saint-Denis.
Calvière was gifted and precocious, and made his first public performance at the age of eleven.
Calvière's younger sister Cécile Louise Calvière, born in 1703, was also an organist.

title: Marie-Louise O'Murphy

text: Of the twelve children born to the couple between 1714 and 1737, five died shortly after birth and seven survived to adulthood: five daughters (Marguerite-Louise, Marie-Brigitte, Marie-Madeleine, Marie-Victoire, Marie-Louise); and two sons (Jean-François and Michel-Augustin).

title: Marie Louise Madeleine Victoire d’Argenton

text: Argenton (Marie-Louise-Madeleine-Victoire Le Bel de La Boissière de Séry, comtesse d’). In: Louis-Gabriel Michaud (Hrsg.): Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne, 2. Auflage, Bd. 2 (1854), S. 189f. (online).

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Louise gives birth to a son, Jacques-Armand on 3 March 1727 in Paris.[12]

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: George Sand greatly admired Madame Dupin, her step-greatgrandmother:[53]

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Manon's husband recognized Louise as his own with complacency, as well the two other children born from the affair with Bernard: Marie-Louise (born 25 August 1710) and Françoise-Thérèse (born 12 March 1712), both also baptized in the parish of Saint-Roch. During her marriage, Manon gave birth two other children, this time sired by her husband: Jeanne-Marie-Thérèse (born in 1705)[3] and Jules-Armand (born on 3 April 1709), both also baptized in Saint-Roch.

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Actually, Louise was the oldest of three illegitimate daughters of banker Samuel Bernard and Marie-Anne-Armande Carton Dancourt, nicknamed Manon, a daughter of actor Florent Carton Dancourt. Marie Dancourt was already married since 4 November 1702 at Paris[2] in the parish of Saint-Sulpice with Jean-Louis-Guillaume de Fontaine, commissioner and controller of the Navy and War departments in Flanders and Picardy.

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Signatures: Louis d'Aumont duc d'Aumont - Madeleine Clergeau Bernard - Jean Louis Guillaume de Fontaine - Goy.

title: Claude-Nicolas-Guillaume de Lorimier

text: In 1783, following his service during the American Revolution as one of the leading officers of "British Indian" warriors, he married an Iroquois woman by the name of Marie-Louise Schuyler and the couple moved to Kahnawake, where he became resident agent. Shuyler died in 1790. Claude was elected to the 1st Parliament of Lower Canada for Huntingdon in 1792. In 1793, Lorimier married Marie-Madeleine-Claire, the daughter of seigneur Joseph Brassard Deschenaux.

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: A woman of spirit and famous for her beauty, between 1733 and 1782 she hosted a famous literary salon in Paris and owned the Château de Chenonceau, which was known as a center of the most famous French philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment.

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Louise de Fontaine was born in Paris, in the parish of Saint-Roch, on 28 October 1706.[1] Her baptism act was as follows:

title: Marie-Madeleine de Chauvigny de la Peltrie

text: Marie-Madeleine Chauvigny (also known as: de la Peltrie) was born in 1603 at Alençon, France, the daughter of Guillaume de Chauvigny, Sieur d’Alençon et de Vaubougon, and of Lady Jeanne Du Bouchet. With no male heir, Guillaume de Chauvigny tried to arrange aristocratic matches for his daughters. Marie-Madeleine, the youngest, despite inclination for the cloistered life, at the age of sixteen, found herself obliged to marry the Chevalier de Gruel, Seigneur de La Peltrie. From this marriage, which lasted only five years, there was born one daughter who died in infancy. Widowed at the age of 22, Mme de La Peltrie went into solitary retirement in order to avoid her father’s solicitous attempts to find her a second husband.

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: The illegitimate daughters of Samuel Bernard are mentioned by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his Confessions:[4]

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: On 12 March 1794 Louise's step-grandson-in-law and nephew Pierre-Armand Vallet de Villeneuve,[39] committed suicide in prison in the Conciergerie aged 62. He was the King's secretary, General Treasurer of the City of Paris and the Receiver General of Finances in Metz. Sentenced by the Revolutionary Tribunal, he escape to a brutal end in the guillotine. Louise managed to save his sons René and Auguste, spared because their young ages. On 25 November 1793 Marie-Aurore de Saxe, second wife of her late stepson Louis-Claude, was incarcelated firstly at Port-Royal Abbey and later in the English convent of Fossés-Saint-Victor street. She could be released some months later, on 21 August 1794. In 1796, one of the farmers of Madame Dupin in the Château de Rochefort in the Indre department was tortured by burning his feet; the criminals, nicknamed the Chauffeurs, are a plague in the region.[19]

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: The writer Olivier Marchal in his work Rousseau, la comédie des masques, praised the personality of Madame Dupin:[54]

title: Guillaume-Charles Faipoult

text:
Guillaume-Charles Faipoult de Maisoncelle, was born in Paris on 4 December 1752, son of a noble family of Champagne.
His parents were Charles Faipoult de Maisoncelles, lord of Fays and of Trois-Fontaines-la-Ville, Marne (died 1761), and Marie Aubert (died 1754).
He studied at the Royal School of Engineers at Charleville-Mézières, where Lazare Carnot was his fellow pupil, and graduated as a lieutenant of the engineers.
He was promoted to captain, but resigned in 1780 after having been refused permission to fight for the independence of the English colonies in America. He then devoted himself to the study of the sciences.

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Samuel Bernard decides to engage his daughter Louise to Claude Dupin, a modest collector of Taille at Châteauroux. According to the columnist Barthélémy Mouffle d'Angerville in 1721 Claude Dupin helped the eldest daughter of the family, Jeanne-Marie-Thérèse de Fontaine, when she passed through Berry. She married with François II de Barbançois, Seigneur de Celon on 21 August 1720 [6] and, returning from the baths of Bourbon-l'Archambault and in considerable pain, she received the hospitality of Claude Dupin. Once his guest was recovered, Dupin was persuaded to accompanied her to Paris,[7] where he met Samuel Bernard, who impressed by his kindness, offered him the hand of Louise, aged only sixteen. In his forties, a widower and father of a six-year-old son Louis-Claude (who became in the grandfather of the novelist George Sand), this move was unexpected and he readily agreed, because with this proposal came the appointment of Receiver General of finances in Metz and Alsace.[8]

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: On 9 October 1749 at the Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, Jacques-Armand Dupin married with Louise-Alexandrine-Julie de Rochechouart-Pontville.[21] But for Louise and her husband, their son was a source of many troubles, especially when he ran up debts of very large sums of money from gambling. His father had to sell many of his assets in 1750 to honor the debt of his son.[22] The troubles with Jacques-Armand, however, continued. Claude Dupin was forced to obtain against him a Lettre de cachet, who imprisoned Jacques-Armand in the fortress of Pierre Encise under the pretext of madness. After this, the family decided to send him to the Île Maurice (26 October 1765), where he remained for the next two years until his death on 3 May 1767, a victim of yellow fever. Before embarking on the Count of Artois, a merchant ship of the French East India Company, Jacques-Armand reportedly revealed to his mother the existence of an illegitimate daughter of his, called Marie-Thérèse Adam,[lower-alpha 1] whose origins, however, remained mysterious. Nevertless, Madame Dupin took care of the child and raised as her own, later becoming in her reader[28] and heiress. Louise considers Marie-Thérèse as her own daughter and educated after her own image, transmitting her high culture and elegance of her manners. Marie-Thérèse Adam was entirely dedicated to Madame Dupin and remained at her side until the last moment.

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: The following year (1798), Louise Dupin received a young man with a promising future, Pierre Bretonneau, student of medicine. He was a son of Pierre Bretonneau (master in surgery and doctor of Madame Dupin) by his wife Elisabeth Lecomte. His uncle was the Abbot François Lecomte, pastor of Chenonceaux and stage manager of the Château.

title: Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine

text: Gaston de Villeneuve-Guibert describes the childhood of Louise:[5]

title: Marie-Madeleine de Parabère

text: Marie-Madeleine de Parabère was the only child of René-Francois de La Vieuville and Marie Louise de La Chaussee d'Eu, and married Caesar-Alexandre de Baudéan, Marquis de Parabère in 1711; she was widowed five years later. Her mother was a lady-in-waiting to Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans. After the death of her mother, she became known for her love life at court.

title: Nicolas Antoine Coulon de Villiers

text: Born in Brittany, he was the son of Raoul-Guillaume Coulon, sieur de Villiers and Louise de Lafosse (m.1677, Beaumont-sur-Oise). Nicolas Antoine arrived in Quebec in 1703. In 1705, he married Angelique Jarret de Verchères (daughter of François Jarret de Verchères and Marie Perrot and sister Madeleine) in Quebec. At some time before 1718, Nicolas may have married Mme de La Chesaigne.


query: At what age did William Morris "Bill" Lawry start playing cricket?

title: Bill Lawry

text: Lawry was born in the Melbourne suburb of Thornbury. He was given the names William Morris after the early Prime Minister of Australia, William Morris Hughes. His father Alfred played amateur cricket until the age of 51. Bill never saw his father play, who was aged 47 when Bill was born.[3] Aged nine, he played competitive cricket for the first time with the Thornbury Presbyterian Church team.[1] He spent three years there, as well as playing for Preston Technical School. When he was twelve, he entered Melbourne's district competition playing for Northcote's fourth team, working his way up to the First XI by the age of sixteen.[4] At the time, he was apprenticed as a plumber and attending Preston Technical College. Lawry was selected for Victoria's Second XI at the age of seventeen.[5] He made a duck against the South Australians and did not see any further action for the Seconds for the rest of the summer of 1954–55.[6] The following season, Lawry was recalled to the Seconds and scored 183 against South Australia.[6]

title: Bill Lawry

text: Following the tour, Lawry wrote a series of newspaper articles that criticised the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and their treatment of the Australian team.[43] The BCCI complained to the Australian Board of Control, objecting to Lawry's "exaggerated and baseless" statements.[38] The ABC replied to express "appreciation at the high level of hospitality and interested exhibited by Indian cricket authorities and the public".[43] Lawry's official report to the board criticised the level of security and insurance for the players.[43] Lawry said

title: Bill Lawry

text: In 1959–60, the national team were away on an eight-Test tour of the Indian subcontinent, opening up opportunities for players in domestic cricket.[7] Lawry played in all 10 of Victoria's inter-state matches.[6] After starting the season with 70 and 50 not out against Western Australia, Lawry went into form slump and accumulated only 56 runs in his next six innings. He scored 85 and 33 and took his maiden first-class wicket in the next match against South Australia, but his form remained modest until the end of the season. He scored fifties in consecutive matches before registering his maiden first-class century, 127, against Western Australia, before scoring an unbeaten 38 in the second innings to see the Victorians to their target of 46.[6] He ended with 666 runs at 44.40 for the season.[6]

title: 1970–71 Ashes series

text: The Australian captain Bill Lawry chose to open with his vice-captain Ian Chappell, who did not look happy at the prospect, and Keith Stackpole was returned to the middle order. Strangely, Lawry did not consider opening with fellow-Victorian Ian Redpath during the series, despite having made a double century opening stand together against South Africa. However, in the 1970–71 season Lawry opened the Victorian batting with Keith Stackpole with 'Redders' coming in at number three. Lawry and Chappell were soon out and it was Redpath (64) and Doug Walters (55) who made the most of Australian's 189/4 by the end of what was regarded as the best day's play of the series. Their stand of 99 was made against the hostile bowling of John Snow (1/23) and Bob Willis (0/26), with the barrackers on the infamous Sydney Hill started hooting and counting Snow out as he bowled a host of short balls. in the end it was the spinners who did the damage, Walters was caught off Ray Illingworth (1/59) after being deceived in flight. Greg Chappell had just been made Australia's Sportsman of the Year 1970 ahead of Evonne Goolagong, Margaret Court, Heather McKay and Rod Laver, but was caught and bowled by Derek Underwood for 15 and Keith Fletcher caught Redpath off Basil d'Oliveira's off-spin (2/20) just before stumps. Resuming after the rest day Deadly Derek (4/66) dismissed Stackpole, Marsh and Mallett as Australia collapsed to 208/8 and 236 all out, 96 runs behind.

title: Gary Cosier

text: Cosier played club cricket for Northcote where his captain was Bill Lawry. He made his first-class debut aged 18 for Victoria during the summer of 1971–72, opening with Lawry. Early sports writers sometimes compared him to Lawry. Cosier was a different style of batsman but later said "Bill's influence on me was in the way he could fight out of a situation. He was incredible the way he would bat with pain and with everything running against him."

title: Cricket in Australia

text: The 1970s saw players and administrators once again come into conflict. Poor scheduling saw Australia visit South Africa immediately after a tour to India in 1969–70. This would be the last tour to South Africa prior to the application of international sporting sanctions designed to oppose the policy of apartheid. The tired Australians came across a very strong South African team in conditions vastly different from the subcontinent, and were subsequently beaten 4–0. A request by the Australian Cricket Board for the players to play a further match in South Africa was met with resistance by the players, led by the captain, Bill Lawry.[19] During the following home series against England, Lawry was sacked as captain and replaced by the South Australian batsman, Ian Chappell. Lawry remains the only Australian captain to be sacked in the middle of a Test series.[19] Chappell, part of a younger and more assertive generation, saw the board's treatment of Lawry as disgraceful and made a pledge to never allow himself to be placed in the same situation.

title: Brett Lawrie

text: Lawrie played 94 games for Chicago before leaving the July 21 game against Detroit in the fourth inning, with what was originally described as a tweaked hamstring. He did not play for the team again, as the injury was later said to have also involved his quad, knee, and hip.

title: Paul Shanahan

text: He was also a bowler for the Northcote Cricket Club in district cricket; and, at the age of 17, he played in Northcote's 1st XI premiership winning side in 1965-66, which was captained by Test opener Bill Lawry.

title: William J B Morris

text: William James Bunce "Bill" Morris (born 21 May 1940) is a former Welsh Rugby Union player who was born in Bow Street, Cardiganshire, Wales. He is the third player known as Bill Morris to play for Wales.

title: Robert Morris (cricketer)

text: Morris played no first-class cricket after leaving Cambridge, although he continued to play for Beckenham Cricket Club and Band of Brothers, an amateur side closely associated with Kent. He died at his home in Harrow in 2007 aged 81.

title: Bill Lawrie

text:
Bill Lawrie (25 August 1934 – 24 November 1997) was an Australian racing cyclist. In 1963, he won the Herald Sun Tour. He finished in second place in the Australian National Road Race Championships in 1964.
He rode in the 1967 Tour de France for Team Great Britain and did not start in stage 7. In 1969, he won the British National Road Race Championships.

title: History of Australian cricket

text:
The 1970s saw players and administrators once again come into conflict. Poor scheduling saw Australia visit South Africa immediately after a tour to India in 1969-70. This would be the last tour to South Africa prior to the application of international sporting sanctions designed to oppose the policy of apartheid. The tired Australians came across a very strong South African team in conditions vastly different from the subcontinent, and were subsequently beaten 4-0. A request by the Australian Cricket Board for the players to play a further match in South Africa was met with resistance by the players, led by the captain, Bill Lawry.
During the following home series against England, Lawry was sacked as captain and replaced by the South Australian batsman, Ian Chappell. Lawry remains the only Australian captain to be sacked in the middle of a Test series. Chappell, part of a younger and more assertive generation, saw the board's treatment of Lawry's as disgraceful and made a pledge to never allow himself to be placed in the same situation.

title: Bill Lawry

text: In the four Tests, sixteen catches were dropped, with around 60 dropped in a total of 12 first-class matches,[56] while the tired pace spearhead Graham McKenzie took 1/333 and was thought to be suffering from hepatitis. Behind the scenes, the South African Cricket Board approached the Australian Cricket Board attempting to organise a Fifth Test. The players were unreceptive to this after spending five months overseas in what was then an amateur sport. The proposed extra match fell through after a pay standoff led behind the scenes by Ian Chappell, later to spearhead the breakaway World Series Cricket (WSC), which offered players substantial remuneration. The dispute was the genesis of WSC, and on the team's return to Australia, Lawry sent the Board a letter expressing player grievances. According to Chappell, "That was the end of Lawry as captain of Australia. Then it was just a matter of finding any excuse to get rid of him."[49][57] Lawry was largely ineffective, with 193 runs at 24.13 with only one half century in the First Test.[10] Apart from media criticism of the team's performances, Lawry was also slated for refusing to make a speech at the end of the series and refusing a gift from an umpire at the end of the Fourth Test.[58] Lawry also had personal differences with Ian Chappell, Doug Walters, Ashley Mallett and Brian Taber, which reduced morale and led to a deterioration in Australia's performances on the field.[59]

title: Bill Lawry

text: The Westgarth Street Oval in Northcote was renamed the Bill Lawry Oval. In 2010, Lawry was inducted into the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame.[79]

title: William Lawry

text: William Justus Lawry (born 24 April 1940) is a former English cricketer. Lawry was a left-handed batsman who played primarily as a wicketkeeper. He was born at St Just, Cornwall.

title: Brunswick Cricket Club

text: In 1909, the Brunswick Cricket Club joined the Victorian Sub-District Cricket Association and moved to A.G. Gillon Oval shortly after, which remains as the club's home ground today. From the 1940s Brunswick established a reputation as the powerhouse of the competition, remaining undefeated across two seasons in 1928/29 and 1929/30. The club went on to win six premierships in seven seasons from 1939/40 to 1945/46. Over these decades, William J. Dowling (of Dowling Shield Fame) won the first eleven batting award fifteen times and the bowling award once. Bill was captain of the 1928/29 Premiership team, while other notable players during this period included former Australian Test players Bert Ironmonger and Morris Sievers. Ironmonger returned to Brunswick aged 51 and took 62 wickets at 9.53 in 1936/37. During his time as captain, Ironmonger oversaw the development of young wicketkeeper Bill Jacobs. Bill Jacobs would follow Brunswick players Morris Sievers and Roy Gardiner to the Fitzroy Cricket Club in 1937. Jacobs played 266 consecutive matches for Fitzroy between 1937–38 and 1955–56, before moving into cricket administration. Bill served as a VCA Delegate from 1957-58 to 1968-69, as a State Selector from 1959-60 to 1971-72 (and 1982-83), and as Assistant Secretary of the VCA in 1973-74. Bill managed Australian teams to South Africa (1966–67) and the West Indies (1973), as well as managing the Rest of the World team in Australia (1971–72) at the request of the Australian Cricket Board. He was awarded Cricket Victoria life membership following his retirement as a delegate in 1969.

title: Bill Bradley (cricketer)

text: Walter "Bill" Morris Bradley (2 January 1875 – 19 June 1944) was an English amateur cricketer who played in two Test matches in 1899. He played for Kent County Cricket Club between 1895 and 1903.

title: Bill Lawry

text: Lawry continued his marathon season with a remarkable performance in the final of the Victorian district cricket season, playing for Northcote Cricket Club against the Essendon Cricket Club. In 2000, the Victorian Cricket Association's Umpires Association voted it The District Match of the Century.[21] The Essendon team included Ian Monks (captain), John Grant, Greg Brown, Barry Davis, Daryl Foster, Keith Kirby, and John Swanson; and, apart from Lawry, the team's captain, the Northcote team included Frank Brew, Ian Cowley, and Paul Shanahan.

title: Bill Lawry

text: During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Lawry was the cricket manager of the Victorian Cricket Association, helping to recruit players for the Victorian team.[1]

title: Brunswick Cricket Club

text: John "Nooky" Swanson was a local Brunswick boy who joined the cricket club at 14 years old in 1955/56. After starting in the fourth XI, John had made his way to the First team by the next season. At 20, John went to the Essendon Cricket Club where he played 123 First XI matches during 11 seasons from 1962/63. One of his five grand finals for Essendon (two of which were successful) was the famous defeat by Northcote when Bill Lawry made an inspired 282 no. John went on to represent Victoria in state cricket on 29 occasions between 1965/66 and 1969/70.

title: Bill Lawry

text: William Morris "Bill" Lawry, AM (born 11 February 1937) is a former cricketer who played for Victoria and Australia. He captained Australia in 25 Tests, winning nine, losing eight and drawing eight, and led Australia in the inaugural One Day International match, played in 1971. An opening batsman with a reputation for resolute defence, he had the ability to spend long periods of time at the crease. As his career progressed, he wound back his strokeplay to the point where he was described by an English journalist as "the corpse with pads on". Lawry was unceremoniously dumped as captain and player for the final Test of the 1970–71 Ashes series in Australia. Lawry's sacking is regarded as one of the more distasteful incidents in Australian cricket history—he was not informed personally of the selectors' decision before the decision was first broadcast on radio and he only became aware of his fate when confronted by reporters.[1] Lawry was part of the Nine Network cricket commentary team and until 2018, had been in the role for 45 years.[2]

title: Bill Lawry

text: Lawry was dropped completely in 1957–58 and did not play a match for his state even though they were depleted with Test representatives overseas in South Africa. The left-hander stayed on the sidelines for the first half of the following season when the Test players returned.[6][7] Recalled for Victoria's match against the touring English cricket team in 1958–59, he scored 24 and 22, failing to seize his opportunity against international opponents. He also bowled at first-class level for the first time, bowling two overs without success.[6] However, he was retained in the team, and scored fifties in four of the remaining five innings of the season and ended with 361 runs at 60.16.[6]

title: William Cooper (cricketer)

text: Born and raised in Kent he came to Australia as an adult and did not start playing competitive cricket until the age of 27. He returned to England as part of Billy Murdoch's 1884 tour.

title: Bill Lawry

text: The 1970–71 home series against England was the longest in Test history, with six Tests scheduled and another added when the Third Test was washed out. Lawry was to bow out of international cricket in one of the most acrimonious series in Test history. Lawry had gone through a difficult phase on the previous tour, with only 432 runs at 28.80 in nine Tests on the tour of India and South Africa. With Australia losing, and as a non-smoker and non-drinker, he became more distant from many of his own teammates. Lawry had been under pressure after a highly critical report by team manager Fred Bennett.[61] Australia went to the series with confidence after the tourists were unable to win any of their four opening tour matches.[62] Lawry had success in his preparation, scoring 87 and 58 not out in a ten-wicket win over Western Australia at the start of the season.[6]

title: Graeme Pollock

text: South Africa's last Test series before their expulsion from international cricket was against Bill Lawry's Australians. The Australians had just completed a gruelling tour of India in vastly different playing conditions before coming to South Africa. Pollock's form continued into the series and he averaged 73.85. Pollock managed to break Jackie McGlew's South African Test record of 255 when he scored 274 in the 2nd Test in Durban. When Pollock was batting in this innings with Barry Richards, the opposing captain, Bill Lawry, said about this innings: "Never have I seen the ball hit with such power by two players at the same time." He held this record for nearly thirty years until Daryll Cullinan scored 275 not out against New Zealand in 1999. Pollock was 26 years of age when his Test career was brought to an end.

title: William Morris (cricketer)

text: William Morris (23 November 1873 – 6 May 1945) was an English cricketer who played two matches for Kent County Cricket Club in 1896. Morris was a right-handed batsman. He was born in 1873 at Lee in Blackheath, at that point part of Kent.

title: Bill Morris (cricketer)

text: Bill Morris (28 May 1917 – 2 March 2004) was an English cricketer. He played for Essex between 1946 and 1950 and Cambridgeshire in the Minor Counties Championship between 1951 and 1958.

title: William Flintoft

text: William Morris Musson Flintoft (20 March 1889 – 3 May 1951), commonly called Bill Flintoft, was an Australian rules football player with the Melbourne Football Club and the St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He played Victorian Premier Cricket for the Melbourne Cricket Club. Flintoft also served in the First Australian Imperial Force in World War I. In later life Flintoft was Mayor of Prahran, on the Committee of the Melbourne Cricket Club, and on the Board of the Melbourne Football Club, serving as president of the latter for three years.

title: Bill Lawry

text: After two weeks of preparation, the tour went awry for the Australians.[6] They fell to a 170-run loss in the First Test in Cape Town, with Lawry giving finger gestures to the crowd and continuously arguing with the umpires.[49] The Australian skipper managed only 2 in the first innings as the hosts took a 218-run lead that set up the match.[6] Lawry scored 83 in the second innings, which was to be the highest Australian score for the series, an indication of his team's lack of batting form.[53] At the end of the match, angered by officiating that he considered to be unacceptable, Lawry refused to accept a presentation by the two umpires.[54] The series moved on to Kingsmead at Durban. Host captain Ali Bacher outwitted Lawry by persuading the Australian skipper to toss long before the start of play. Bacher won the toss and decided—against conventional wisdom—to bat first on a green pitch that would normally offer assistance to the bowlers. Immediately after, ground staff ran onto the field and cut off all the grass, making it ideal for batting, thereby giving the South Africans the advantage. Knowing the rules in greater detail, Bacher had tricked Lawry. The laws of cricket allowed for the wicket to be mown up to half an hour before the start of play, so Bacher had talked Lawry in tossing early so that he could change the pitch condition to advantage his team.[55] South Africa amassed 9/622 declared and Australia fell to its first innings defeat in four years, folding for 157 and 336. Lawry could not see off the hosts' opening bowlers, falling for 15 and 14,[6] as South Africa took a 2–0 lead. The last two Tests brought no respite, as South Africa registered two large victories by 307 and 323 runs respectively.[53] Lawry only managed 79 runs in the last two Tests, and passed 20 only once.[6] Bacher's side, which was regarded as one of the finest in Test history, had inflicted what remains the heaviest Test series defeat in Australian cricket history.[49] Lawry's men did not win any of the three matches against provincial sides after the start of the Tests, meaning that they went eight matches without victory.[6]

title: Bill Lawry

text: There was nothing unusual about Bill Lawry pulling off seemingly unending rearguard actions, but his marathon innings in the Victoria Cricket Association Premiership final of 1965-66 was perhaps the most outrageously unbelievable."[22]


query: What is the biggest cricket competition?

title: International cricket

text: Most games are played as parts of "tours", when one nation travels to another for a number of weeks or months, and plays a number of matches of various sorts against the host nation. The ICC also organises competitions that are for several countries at once, including the Cricket World Cup & ICC T20 World Cup.

title: Malaysia national under-19 cricket team

text: They qualified for the 2008 Under-19 Cricket World Cup,which they also hosted,and as of date is their only qualification in the Under-19 Cricket World Cup,which is also considered as their biggest success to date and is also considered as the biggest success in Malaysian cricketing history.

title: Malahide Cricket Club Ground

text: In September 2013, International Cricket Council cleared the ground to host international cricket. The ground hosted its first international cricket match when home team Ireland played against England with England winning by six wickets after captain Eoin Morgan hit 124 not out on what had been his home ground in his youth. The capacity was designed to be increased to 11500 using temporary grandstands and hospitality tents making it the biggest in Ireland with a record attendance for the Island of Ireland of over 10,000.

title: 1974–75 Shell Shield season

text: The 1974–75 Shell Shield season was the ninth edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The tournament was sponsored by Royal Dutch Shell, with matches played from 14 March to 11 April 1975 (a much shorter duration than in previous seasons).

title: Hitchin Town Cricket Club Ground

text: Perhaps the biggest claim to fame for the club was in 1994, when the New Zealand cricket team started their tour of England with a match against Hitchin. The g was also the scene of Hertfordshire County Cricket Club's victory over Essex County Cricket Club in the 1976 Gillette Cup - the first time a minor county had defeated a first class county in a major competition.

title: 2011 Cricket World Cup Group A

text: Zimbabwe's victory was their fourth biggest by runs margin in ODI cricket, and their biggest in World Cups. Canadian opening batsman, Nitish Kumar, became the youngest ever player in World Cup cricket, aged 16 years and 283 days.

title: 1972–73 Shell Shield season

text: The 1972–73 Shell Shield season was the seventh edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The tournament was sponsored by Royal Dutch Shell, with matches played from 6 January to 1 March 1973.

title: 1966–67 Shell Shield season

text: The 1966–67 Shell Shield season was the second edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The tournament was sponsored by Royal Dutch Shell, with matches played from 8 February to 3 April 1967.

title: M. Buchi Babu Naidu

text:
Naidu has become known as the "Father of South Indian Cricket". His dream of having a ground open to everyone for play was the start of the process whereby the Chepauk grounds were freed of the MCC monopoly and, eventually, were leased by the Tamil Nadu Cricket Association.
Buchi Babu was proficient in riding, tennis and cricket, while his younger brother Chitti Babu was a tennis champion, and a cricketer. His three sons were all versatile sportspersons who distinguished themselves in the Presidency Match.
He had three children who followed in his cricketing footsteps: Venkatramanujalu, otherwise known as Bhatt, M .Balliah, and Cotar Ramaswami. The latter was one of the two Indian " Double Internationals". Subsequent generations of the Naidu family played Ranji Trophy Cricket, and two of the family playing at Test level.
Cricket in madras till buchi babu changed the scenario was an Englishman’s game .A few indian tried to imitate what they got a glimpse of,watching from the outfield of the Madras Cricket Club’s hallowed ground at chepauk ,but the real players were the British colonialists-till Buchi babu came along and offered them an INDIAN challenge.Not only did MUC-MCC cricket matches then become regular features and the annual Pongal week .Indians vs Europeans presidency Match become the presedency’s biggest fixture until the Ranji Trophy competition came along in the 1930s,But Buchi Babu tackled British custom head on and led his team in to the MCC’s ‘Whites Only’ pavilion.

title: 1972–73 Banks Trophy

text: The 1972–73 Banks Trophy was the inaugural edition of what is now the Regional Super50, the domestic limited-overs cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). It was the only season of the competition to carry that name.

title: Western Australian Grade Cricket

text: WA Premier Cricket in Western Australia refers to the semi-professional cricket league played at a level below the first-class Western Warriors and other state teams. The competition is administered by the Western Australian Cricket Association. It is the premier club cricket competition in Western Australia and players vying for Western Warriors and national team selection are typically chosen from Premier Cricket competition clubs. Retiring international and first-class players wishing to continue playing will generally return to their original Premier Cricket club. There are currently 16 teams in the competition.

title: 2001–02 Busta Cup

text: The 2001–02 Busta Cup was the 36th edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). It was played from 25 January to 8 March 2002.

title: 1969–70 Shell Shield season

text: The 1969–70 Shell Shield season was the fourth edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The tournament was sponsored by Royal Dutch Shell, with matches played from 30 January to 21 March 1970.

title: 1975–76 Gillette Cup (West Indies)

text: The 1975–76 Gillette Cup was the second edition of what is now the Regional Super50, the domestic limited-overs cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). Sponsored by Gillette, it was the first season of the competition to carry that name.

title: 1975–76 Shell Shield season

text: The 1975–76 Shell Shield season was the tenth edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The tournament was sponsored by Royal Dutch Shell, with matches played from 16 January to 13 February 1976.

title: Eerste Klasse (cricket)

text: The Eerste Klasse is the third highest domestic cricket competition in the Netherlands. Eight teams play in the regular competition. Although the direct translation from the Dutch name to English would be "First Class", it is not associated with what is recognised as first class cricket by the International Cricket Council.

title: Corley

text: Following a nationwide competition in 2012 Corley beat over 1500 other cricket clubs to be awarded the title of "Biggest Little Cricket Club" - The most loved and worthy in England and Wales. Club representatives have been invited to the National Outstanding Contribution to Cricket Awards ceremony at Lord's Cricket Ground on two separate occasions since 2011 following nominations from the Warwickshire Cricket Board. On 14 July 2013 Corley CC hosted the famous Lashings World XI, one the biggest games in the club's history.

title: Cricket in India

text: The domestic competitions include the Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy, the Vijay Hazare Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the Irani Trophy and the NKP Salve Challenger Trophy. In addition, the BCCI conducts the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 competition, which is also one of the biggest sports league in the world and the biggest cricket league in the world. The Indian cricket team is also accredited with the honour of winning all the ICC tournaments under M.S. Dhoni's captaincy, which is a world record. While cricket is by far the most popular sport in the country it is not the country's national sport since India has no national sport.

title: Sydney Grade Cricket

text: Sydney Grade Cricket is a cricket competition played in Sydney, Australia. As of the 2016/17 season, Sydney Grade Cricket is now referred to as NSW Premier Cricket. The name change was part of a Cricket Australia initiative to standardise the naming of the elite men's cricket competition within each state's capital city. The competition began in 1893 when a number of clubs that had been playing for many years on an ad hoc basis voted to create a formal competition structure.

title: World's biggest cricket bat

text: The world's biggest cricket bat is a title that has been sought by the constructors of at least four bats. These bats were both built to commemorate the games of the Cricket World Cup for the year they were constructed.

title: 1971–72 Shell Shield season

text: The 1971–72 Shell Shield season was the fifth edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The tournament was sponsored by Royal Dutch Shell, with matches played from 21 January to 3 March 1972.

title: 1970–71 Shell Shield season

text: The 1970–71 Shell Shield season was the fifth edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The tournament was sponsored by Royal Dutch Shell, with matches played from 22 January to 23 April 1971.

title: Valley District Cricket Club

text: Valley is the largest club in Australia in player numbers and is believed to be one of the biggest, if not the biggest cricket club in the world; it currently (2015/2016 season) has over 1,100 junior players, 160 senior players, along with 60 young girls playing in a modified T20 Blast competition.

title: 1973–74 Shell Shield season

text: The 1973–74 Shell Shield season was the eighth edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The tournament was sponsored by Royal Dutch Shell, with matches played from 5 January to 28 February 1974.

title: Blind cricket

text: South Africa had its 40 over national blind cricket championship in 2014 held in Cape town. Northers Blind Cricket club won the tournament in fine style by taking 50 wickets in 5 games, not allowing any of its competition to bat throughout the innings. Pretoria Transnet Blind Cricket Club is South Africa's biggest blind cricket club. They played a friendly T20 blind cricket match against The South African Indoor team and local abled body teams.

title: 2000–01 Busta Cup

text: The 2000–01 Busta Cup was the 35th edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). It was played from 4 January to 19 February 2001.

title: Toombul District Cricket Club

text: Toombul is one of the oldest sporting clubs in Australia, with records dating the club back to 1882. In 1897/98, Toombul was one of the foundation clubs of what has continued to be the highest level of club cricket played in Queensland, the Queensland Premier Cricket competition.

title: 1965–66 Shell Shield season

text: The 1965–66 Shell Shield season was the inaugural edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The tournament was sponsored by Royal Dutch Shell, with matches played from 27 January to 14 March 1966.

title: 1999–2000 Busta Cup

text: The 1999–2000 Busta Cup was the 34th edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). It was played from 6 January to 25 February 2000.

title: Tamil Nadu Cricket Association

text: Organized league cricket in the State began in Madras in 1932.The Indian Cricket Federation staged what is now acknowledged as the first cricket league in India when it conducted a competition for the clubs of Madras in 1932.The ICF and Madras Cricket Club often assumed adversarial positions and even conducted important matches independently on the same days, creating confusion and chaos among the armatures who wanted nothing more than a day’s entertainment. In time, however, good sense prevailed and the two rival bodies joined hands to form the Madras Cricket Association. (The romance of Tamil Nadu cricket-V.Ramanarayanan 2006).

title: 1968–69 Shell Shield season

text: The 1968–69 Shell Shield season was the third edition of what is now the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). The tournament was sponsored by Royal Dutch Shell, with matches played from 17 January to 6 March 1969.


query: When did construction on I-69 begin?

title: Interstate 69

text: Interstate 69 (I-69) is an Interstate Highway in the United States currently consisting of seven disjointed parts with an original continuous segment from Indianapolis, Indiana, northeast to the Canada–US border in Port Huron, Michigan, at 355.8 miles (572.6km). The remaining separated parts are variously completed and posted or unposted parts of an extension southwest to the Mexican border in Texas. Of this extension—nicknamed the NAFTA Superhighway because it would help trade with Canada and Mexico spurred by the North American Free Trade Agreement—five pieces near Corpus Christi, Houston, northwestern Mississippi, Memphis, and Evansville have been newly built or upgraded and signposted as I-69. A sixth segment of I-69 through Kentucky utilizing that state's existing parkway system and a section of I-24 was established by federal legislation in 2008, but only a portion is signposted. A section of the previously existing Western Kentucky Parkway from Eddyville to Nortonville was approved and signposted in late 2011, with the Pennyrile Parkway between Nortonville and Henderson being signed as I-69 in 2015.[2] This brings the total length to about 680 miles (1,090km).

title: Interstate 69 in Mississippi

text: In Clarksdale, I-69 will merge with U.S. Route 278 and continue south, serving Shelby, following the existing U.S. 61 route. I-69 and U.S. 278 will diverge from U.S. 61 near Merigold, bypassing Cleveland to the west, and continue south to near Shaw, then west to Benoit where it will intersect Mississippi Highway 1. The Final Environmental Impact Statement for SIU 11 was approved in August 2010, and the Record of Decision was issued in September 2010. Due to funding issues, no major construction on this section of I-69 is expected through at least 2019, although some spot upgrades are planned on sections of US-61 that I-69 will eventually overlap. The 2016-2020 Statewide Transportation Improvement Plan (STIP) published by the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) anticipates construction to begin in 2020 to upgrade a 6-mile (10 km) section of US-61 to I-69 from the north end of the Clarksdale Bypass to near Swan Lake. The 2017-2020 STIP released by MDOT in December 2016 includes $3 million in FY-2017 for engineering and design work on the northernmost section of SIU-11 from the south end of the existing I-69 freeway at MS-3 and MS-713 to Arkabutla Dam Road.

title: Interstate 69 in Indiana

text: To fund construction of this extension, Indiana Governor Daniels introduced a proposal known as "Major Moves" in early 2006. It provided $700 million from the Indiana Toll Road lease to be used to complete nearly 20 years of environmental studies and construct about half of the proposed extension (between the I-64/164 interchange and the Crane Naval Surface Warfare Center). It also allowed for the construction of of the I-69 extension to Evansville to be constructed as the Southern Indiana Toll Road. Due to ongoing controversy over making this portion of the extension a toll-road, the governor announced in November 2006 that the entire stretch of the highway would be toll-free, subject to construction of the Indiana Commerce Connector (SIU 2). Officials with the INDOT have since stated that I-69 will be toll-free regardless of whether or not the Indiana Commerce Connector is constructed. Additionally, the U.S. Congress allocated an additional $14 million in the 2005 SAFETEA-LU authorization to construct I-69 Evansville to Indianapolis.

title: Interstate 69 in Indiana

text: Another area of controversy arose in late 2005 when governor Mitch Daniels proposed levying tolls on the highway to finance its construction, either as a state project or a public-private partnership, in order to accelerate the project. As the route would overlay the existing SR 37 between Bloomington and Indianapolis, and there is no other free alternative route between Bloomington and Martinsville, this proposal has raised concerns among local residents and businesses. In March 2006, Daniels signed a bill known as "Major Moves" that leased the Indiana East–West Toll Road, but also included a compromise on constructing I-69 in southwest Indiana. As part of the deal, the legislation permitted the Governor to enter a similar public-private partnership for construction of of I-69 as the Southern Indiana Toll Road from Martinsville to the I-64/I-164 interchange, while the remaining from Martinsville to the I-465/SR 37 interchange in Indianapolis would remain toll-free. On June 20, 2006, the Indiana Supreme Court rejected a legal challenge brought on by I-69 opponents, upholding Major Moves legislation in a 4–0 decision. The toll road option was highly unpopular, even among many who supported the extension via Bloomington. As a result, Governor Daniels announced in December 2006 that I-69 through southwest Indiana would be toll-free.

title: Interstate 69 in Indiana

text: During Tier 2 studies, INDOT further divided SIU 3 into six smaller segments, allowing work on each subsegment to proceed at its own pace. On December 21, 2006, INDOT announced completion of the Tier 2 draft EIS for the section between I-64 and SR 64 near Oakland City. Officials further noted that they would accelerate the final EIS and construction on the southernmost section from I-64 to SR 68 to facilitate access to the Toyota's Princeton plant. On April 30, Governor Daniels signed the state's two-year $26 billion budget, which included $119 million to fund construction of the southernmost segment of I-69, ensuring that construction would begin as scheduled in the summer of 2008. The Final EIS for the southernmost section was issued on October 22, 2007.

title: Interstate 69 in Indiana

text: On December 12, 2007, the FHWA issued its ROD giving final federal approval for construction to begin on the section between I-64/I-164 and SR 64 near Oakland City. INDOT awarded the first SIU 3 construction contract to Gohmann Asphalt and Construction Company of Sellersburg, Indiana, on February 6, 2008. This contract, completed on May 31, 2008, included the removal of buildings and vegetation from the I-69 right-of-way between I-64 and SR 68. Gohmann also won the construction contract for the first from I-64 to SR 68 with a $25 million bid. Construction began with a groundbreaking ceremony in Evansville on July 16, 2008. INDOT built this first section of the extension of I-69 using the design-build method.

title: Interstate 96

text:
Since the completion of I-96 in 1977, several changes to the freeway have taken place. Beginning in 1984, an extension of the US 27 freeway (later to become I-69) bypassing Lansing opened; US 27 was then cosigned with I-96 along the western side of Lansing. Three years later, the I-69 designation was applied to this new bypass, resulting in a triple concurrency (I-96/I-69/US 27) that existed until 2002, when US 27 was decommissioned in Michigan.
From 2003 to 2005, the Beck Road interchange (exit 160) in Novi was reconstructed as a single point urban interchange (SPUI), the first in the metropolitan Detroit area and the first on I-96.
An interchange between 36th Street and I-96 was built starting in 2005 and was completed in 2006. The project aimed to improve access to the Gerald R. Ford International Airport southeast of Grand Rapids. The reconstruction of the Wixom Road interchange near Novi as a SPUI was completed in late fall of 2008. Another interchange at Latson Road in Howell was approved for construction on July 19, 2012. This interchange was designed to bring improved access to the eastern Howell area, which prior to construction of the Latson Road exit was only accessible from westbound I-96. The project was completed on December 2, 2013. Also in 2013, the two interchanges near Nunica serving M-104 and B-31 were reconstructed, with two ramps removed from the former and two added to the latter; a new partial interchange was also built in preparation of M-231, which opened on October 30, 2015.

title: Interstate 69 in Indiana

text: In December 2015, another new plan was announced to rebuild the I-69/I-465/Binford Boulevard interchange. However, construction is not scheduled to begin until 2020.

title: Highway revolts in the United States

text: Environmental groups and the city of Bloomington have long protested the completion of Interstate 69 through southwest Indiana, and have long favored an alternative route for I-69 that follows I-70 and US-41 through Terre Haute and Vincennes. Their opposition has pitted them against residents in the southwest corner of the state and the cities of Evansville, Petersburg and Washington, which have long supported construction of the highway. Opponents had held up construction of I-69 through southwest Indiana for 40 years through lawsuits, legislative maneuvering, and acts of vandalism. Supporters of the highway have accused opponents of attempting to isolate the southwest corner of Indiana from the remainder of the state with their efforts to block I-69 construction. Ultimately, construction on I-69 began in 2008, and completed between Evansville and Bloomington in December 2015. and construction is underway to upgrade SR 37 to Interstate standards on the Bloomington-Martinsville section was completed in October 2018. The remaining section of I-69 from Martinsville to I-465 on the south side of Indianapolis is scheduled for completion by the end of 2024.

title: Interstate 469

text: The original plans for the bypass were to connect I-69 to US 24 east of Fort Wayne, but by 1981 these plans were expanded to connect to I-69 on the city's north side, completing the half-loop. Samaan stated that he had to convince Governor Otis Bowen in 1978 to expedite construction of the bypass. An additional factor appeared as contracts for the project were being awarded, when General Motors announced construction of an automotive plant in 1984 on Lafayette Center Road, where the bypass was planned to interchange with I-69. According to Samaan, this helped to accelerate construction when the state decided it would be beneficial to the new employer in the area, stating "I never have seen anything move that fast in my whole life."

title: Interstate 69 in Indiana

text: After bypassing Pendleton to the west and north, SR 9 and SR 67 join I-69, which continues to the east-northeast into the Anderson area. There, SR 9 departs, and shortly thereafter I-69 begins two long curves to the northeast, and then the north. Between Daleville and Chesterfield, SR 67 departs I-69, bound for Muncie. From the Anderson–Muncie region, I-69 continues north, running concurrently with US 35 between SR 28 east of Alexandria and SR 22 near Gas City. After passing SR 18 east of Marion, I-69 then heads more northeast, straight toward the Fort Wayne metro area.

title: Interstate 69 in Michigan

text: In late 2013, construction began to reconstruct and reconfigure the I-94/I-69 interchange near Port Huron. The project will improve of freeway, replace several bridges and ramps and cost $76 million. In June 2014, MDOT closed the ramps from I-69 eastbound to BL I-69 through the interchange until later in the year. The project was completed in September 2015.

title: Purchase Parkway

text: The Julian M. Carroll Purchase Parkway from the junction with Interstate 24 west was legally designated to become part of I-69. On May 15, 2006, Governor Ernie Fletcher announced that the Purchase Parkway would become part of the alignment of I-69 in Kentucky, along with parts of I-24, the Edward T. Breathitt Pennyrile Parkway, and the Wendell H. Ford Western Kentucky Parkway. To reflect this, Future I-69 shields were erected along the parkway in the summer of 2006. Additional federal legislation enacted in 2008 confirmed the route of I-69, and authorized Kentucky to immediately begin signing the Purchase Parkway (and parts of the Western Kentucky Parkway and Pennyrile Parkway) as I-69, even though the parkways did not yet meet Interstate Highway standards.

title: Interstate 69 in Arkansas

text: The Final Environmental Impact Statement on SIU 13 was completed in April 2006, and the Federal Highway Administration issued a Record of Decision approving the FEIS on May 25, 2006. This segment is currently in the final design phase, with construction expected to cost $784 million. Arkansas further divides SIU 13 into several smaller segments. Construction on the first leg of SIU-13, the eastern leg of the Monticello Bypass between US-425 and US-278 east of Monticello, began in November 2011. The first two lanes of the Monticello Bypass (initially signed as US-278 Bypass) are scheduled to open to traffic on October 11, 2018. In the 2013-2016 STIP, AHTD plans start constructing the western section of the Monticello Bypass from US-425 to US-278 east of Wilmar, including the planned I-69/I-530 interchange in 2017. Additionally, Arkansas submitted a $25 million FASTLane grant application to the Federal Highway Administration in May 2016 to continue design and right-of-way acquisition for the section of I-69 between Monticello and McGehee. In November 2016, AHTD submitted a revision to its FASTLANE grant application requesting additional funds to include construction of the McGehee to Monticello section. According to the 2019-2021 Statewide Transportation Improvement Program, $69 million is planned in Fiscal Year 2022 to begin construction on two lanes of the Monticello-McGhee section, plus an additional $4.9 million allocated in FY-2019 to continue design and right-of-way acquisition for the western section of the Monticello Bypass.

title: U.S. Route 69 in Kansas

text: In Overland Park, US-69 interchanges with Interstate 435/US-50/US-169 before beginning an overlap with I-35/US-56 in Lenexa. US-69 and US-56 leave I-35 in Merriam, traveling back into Overland Park. US-56 leaves the highway, running into KCM. US-69 rejoins I-35 again at an interchange with I-635. US-69 leaves I-35 again and runs along the 18th Street Expressway to I-70/US-40 in KCK. US-69 joins I-70/US-40 and leaves again at an interchange with I-670/US-169. US-69 enters Missouri just past the intersection with K-5, crossing the Missouri River.

title: Interstate 69 in Indiana

text: At the October 18, 2013, AASHTO meeting, an INDOT request for re-designation of of I-164 to I-69 between US 41 and I-64 was approved, pending concurrence from the FHWA. Signage was changed to I-69 beginning the week of November 17, 2014.

title: Interstate 69 in Tennessee

text: Interstate 69 (I-69) is a proposed U.S. Interstate Highway that will pass through the western part of the U.S. state of Tennessee, serving the cities of Union City, Dyersburg, and Memphis. State officials have considered building parts of I-69 as a toll road. Currently, a section of already-existing freeway in Memphis has been approved for the I-69 designation. A section near Union City is under construction.

title: Interstate 69 in Kentucky

text: The Pennyrile Parkway, Western Kentucky Parkway, and Purchase Parkway were all originally built as toll roads when they opened in the 1960s. As the parkways' construction bonds were paid off, the tolls were removed; the Western Kentucky Parkway became a freeway in 1987, and the other two roads became free in 1992. To fund over $700 million to upgrade substandard segments of the parkways and fund a new $800 million Ohio River crossing for I-69, Kentucky transportation officials had previously considered reinstating tolls on the parkway segments over which I-69 is routed, but ultimately opted to keep I-69 toll-free.

title: Interstate 69 in Indiana

text: On October 3, 2006, protest groups, citing environmental concerns, along with six individuals who live along the I-69 corridor, filed a lawsuit in federal court, alleging that state and federal agencies rigged environmental studies and violated several federal laws in the selection of a new-terrain route for I-69. They further pressed the court for a summary ruling directing the FHWA and INDOT to route I-69 over I-70 and US 41. Judge David Hamilton disagreed, and on December 10, 2007, he issued a 58-page ruling upholding the selected route for I-69 and the Tier 1 ROD. His ruling did, however, leave open the possibility that the FHWA and INDOT could be forced to reconsider some or all of the previously-rejected Tier 1 alternatives if there are new significant findings during the Tier 2 studies that were absent from the Tier 1 EIS. Barring any new major findings in the Tier 2 studies, Judge Hamilton's ruling paved the way for construction to begin on the southernmost segment.

title: Texas state highway system

text: Construction is ongoing for an extension of I-69 southward from its current terminus in Indiana through Texas to the Mexican border. When built, I-69 will extend about across Texas, from the Louisiana state line in the Texarkana–Shreveport area to South Texas. Similar to I-35, I-69 splits into three letter-suffixed branches, I-69E, I-69C, and I-69W.

title: Interstate 69

text: I-69 in Michigan runs north passing through Coldwater and Marshall. There it crosses I-94 east of Battle Creek. Near Olivet, I-69 begins to turn in a northeasterly direction passing through the Lansing metropolitan area. Here I-69 is cosigned with I-96 as an overlap west of Lansing, the only such palindromic pairing in the Interstate Highway System. Where it splits from I-96, I-69 turns east, both in compass direction and in signed direction, and heads north of Lansing and through Flint (where it crosses I-75) to a junction with I-94 just outside Port Huron. At its eastern terminus, I-69 joins I-94 to the Blue Water Bridge across the St. Clair River, where traffic continues on Highway 402 in the Canadian province of Ontario to London, Ontario.

title: Interstate 69 in Indiana

text: On October 24, 2007, INDOT announced a $600 million plan to reconstruct the I-69/I-465 interchange on the northeast side of Indianapolis that included the widening of about of I-69, I-465, and Binford Boulevard. Environmental studies and design work were subsequently undertaken, and construction on the I-69 portion of the project was initially expected to begin in 2012. However, that portion of the plan was later severely scaled back, with the I-69/I-465/Binford Boulevard interchange still awaiting most of the planned major improvements.

title: Interstate 69

text: The construction of the I-69 extension has angered environmentalists. In particular, the portion of the route in Indiana would run through wetlands, existing farmland, and forested areas, and cut through geologically sensitive karst topography, which environmentalists argue threatens to pollute underground water systems and harm the rare species that live there.[62][63] Fiscal conservatives also oppose completion of I-69, arguing that federal legislation establishing the I-69 corridor amounts to an unfunded mandate imposed by the federal government upon the states through which the highway will travel, as the legislation requires states to pursue construction of their portions of I-69, but provides no funding mechanism to cover its estimated $25 billion cost, thereby leaving cash-strapped states to figure out how to finance its construction. Two states (Louisiana and Mississippi) have publicly stated they will not build their sections of I-69 until Congress appropriates funds to complete environmental studies, design and construction in each state.

title: Interstate 69 in Mississippi

text: Segment 10 of the I-69 extension was originally planned and built as part of the MS-304 relocation project to link the Tunica County casinos to Interstate 55. Planning of the MS-304 Bypass predates I-69 planning in Mississippi, and federal and state officials opted to route I-69 over this segment in 2000, since it was nearing the start of construction. It also eliminated the need for constructing a new highway while still accomplishing the intended goals for the I-69 corridor.

title: Interstate 69 in Indiana

text: Construction on Section 5 to upgrade SR 37 through Bloomington to Martinsville to Interstate standards at a cost of $425 million was completed October 31, 2018. Under a public-private partnership, I-69 Development Partners was originally responsible for construction of the section. However, the partnership experienced multiple delays from the original completion date of October 2016 due to financial and other difficulties, including several work stoppages by subcontractors who cited a lack of being paid in the agreed to manner by the private group. On August 14, 2017, the State of Indiana terminated the P3 arrangement with I-69 Development Partners, citing default on the contract terms and construction being delayed two years from the initial October 2016 completion deadline. INDOT assumed direct oversight of Section 5 construction, and contracted with Walsh Construction to serve as the prime contractor for the remainder of the project. Walsh is overseeing several subcontractors retained from the I-69 Development Partners P3 arrangement that are performing the earthworks, structure erection, paving, and other work to complete Section 5. As work wrapped up, the FHWA approved the designation of the highway as Interstate 69 up to Martinsville on September 18, 2018 and signage was installed.

title: Interstate 69 in Indiana

text: The original plan (in a DEIS prepared by INDOT in 2004, but later dropped) was for I-69 to leave the now-former I-164 alignment somewhere just east of Green River Road (exit 3) and head south (instead of turning west with I-164) for approximately before crossing the Ohio at a point near the mouth of the Green River. This portion of the route had not then been funded, as construction of the new Ohio River crossing and its approaches in both states was expected to cost approximately $800 million. Indiana and Kentucky officials had said construction on the new Ohio River Bridge would not begin until at least 2020, after two new crossings near Louisville were completed. With Indiana then preparing to break ground on SIU 3, Kentucky officials indicated that collecting tolls might be the only feasible option for completing the I-69 bridge, as traditional federal and state funding for such projects were drying up. , neither Kentucky nor Indiana officials had yet come up with the money to plan and construct this I-69 bridge.

title: Interstate 69 in Indiana

text: Environmentalists claimed the construction of I-69 would lead to the destruction of of forest and more than of wetlands. The route selected passes through the Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge but on a corridor that the federal government purposely did not acquire for the refuge. This was because of an agreement with the state not to dispute the passage of a highway on this corridor. Environmental groups then filed suit in federal court on October 2, 2006, to block further study and construction of the route, but the lawsuit was dismissed by U.S. District Judge David F. Hamilton on December 12, 2007, clearing the way for construction to begin in 2008. Opponents had considered appealing Judge Hamilton's ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (which could have possibly sent the case to the Supreme Court of the United States), but they ultimately abandoned further legal challenges to the proposed route. Instead, opponents tried to block construction through the legislative process, when Democrats in the Indiana House of Representatives stripped funding for the I-69 extension in their version of the 2008 two-year state budget. Money for I-69 was restored after budget negotiations with the Republican-controlled Indiana Senate.

title: Interstate 69

text: While federal legislation established a mandate to extend I-69 from Indiana to Texas, it did not provide funding for its construction. I-69 construction must compete against other projects for traditional funding. Despite approval of several segments, work has been completed on only a few scattered segments, due in part to increasing costs for construction materials and machinery. As a result, several states have indicated that construction of I-69 may not be possible without the use of tolls as the primary means to finance building the highway. Tennessee, Arkansas, and Mississippi passed legislation authorizing toll roads within each state, but have not applied tolling to their sections of I-69 due to the widespread unpopularity of toll roads in these states. A bridge over the Ohio River, which was to have been built along I-69 to connect Indiana with Kentucky, stalled in 2004 because each state did not have enough funding for it. In 2016, both states reached an agreement to restart environmental studies and develop a funding strategy for the Ohio River crossing. In December 2018, the I-69 River Crossing project team announced a preferred plan to built a new toll bridge across the Ohio River as part of I-69.[17] Tennessee and Mississippi have suspended work on I-69 indefinitely, due to a lack of funding to build the highway outside of the Memphis metropolitan area. Arkansas has halted work on its mainline portion of I-69, aside from the Monticello Bypass, although it has applied for a federal grant to complete design and construction for the 25-mile (40km) section between Monticello and McGehee. A spur known as the I-530 connector is however under construction. Louisiana officials have stated that its current priority is completing Interstate 49, and it will focus on constructing its portion of I-69 after it finishes work on I-49. In contrast, Texas, Kentucky and Indiana have been advancing construction of I-69 within each state through traditional funding sources, tolls, and innovative financing methods, such as public-private partnerships.

title: Interstate 469

text: Construction began in 1988, with the first section built between I-69 and Lafayette Center Road. In June 1989, the US 24 bypass received the I-469 designation. A temporary halt to construction occurred in 1991 when crews unearthed a lock that was once used in the Wabash and Erie Canal while constructing the interchange with US 24 east of New Haven. Upon the highway's completion in 1995, its construction was the most expensive in Allen County's history, with a cost of $207 million. In 1998, US 24 and US 30 were rerouted onto I-69 and I-469. Coliseum Boulevard was to be decommissioned, but due to a lack of local funds to maintain it, INDOT recommissioned that route as SR 930. In 2005, I-469 was given the name Ronald Reagan Expressway, in honor of the former United States president.

title: Harris County Toll Road Authority

text: To help alleviate congestion on SH 288, HCTRA or TxDOT plan to construct toll lanes in the median of the existing freeway. The route would begin at I-69/US 59 just south of Midtown and terminate at the intersection of the proposed Grand Parkway (SH 99) for a total length of . It is unknown when construction will begin; or which agency will oversee construction, currently it is TxDOT.

title: Interstate 69

text: The new section of Interstate 69 in southern Indiana presently begins at the U.S. Route 41 interchange south of Evansville at the former southern terminus of Interstate 164. From there, it runs north meeting state roads 662, 66, and 62. At exit 18, Indiana State Road 57 joins I-69 on a concurrency. Shortly thereafter, it meets Interstate 64 at a cloverleaf interchange. From there, it runs north to SR68. Construction was completed on November 19, 2012 on a 67-mile (108km) segment (SIU3, Section1-3). This extension takes the route north-northeast from there to SR64 near Oakland City, then north-northeast to US50/US150 at Washington and finally northeast to US231 near the Crane Naval Surface Warfare Center. Construction for the final new terrain segment (SIU3, Section4), which takes I-69 from Crane NSWC northeast to SR37 on the southwest side of Bloomington, was completed in December 2015. From there the existing SR37 expressway corridor, including Sections5 (Bloomington to Martinsville) and 6 (Martinsville to Indianapolis) of I-69's SIU3, is currently being upgraded to full Interstate Highway standards all the way north-northeast to I-465 on the southwest side of Indianapolis.