query: Are red wolves endangered?

title: Red wolf

text: The red wolf (Canis lupus rufus[6][7] or Canis rufus[4]) is a canine native to the southeastern United States. The subspecies is the product of ancient genetic admixture between the gray wolf and the coyote,[8][9] however it is regarded as unique and therefore worthy of conservation.[10] Morphologically it is intermediate between the coyote and gray wolf, and is of a reddish, tawny color.[11][12] The US Endangered Species Act of 1973 currently does not provide protection for endangered admixed individuals and researchers argue that these should warrant full protection under the Act.[8][10] However, the red wolf when considered as a species is listed as an endangered species under this Act and is protected by law.[13] Although Canis rufus is not listed in the CITES Appendices of endangered species,[2] since 1996 the IUCN has listed it as a critically endangered species.[2]

title: Red wolf

text: After the passage of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, formal efforts backed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service began to save the red wolf from extinction, when a captive-breeding program was established at the Point Defiance Zoological Gardens, Tacoma, Washington. Four hundred animals were captured from southwestern Louisiana and southeastern Texas from 1973 to 1980 by the USFWS.[86][23] Measurements, vocalization analyses, and skull X-rays were used to distinguish red wolves from coyotes and red wolf-coyote hybrids. Of the 400 animals captured, only 43 were believed to be red wolves and sent to the breeding facility. The first litters were produced in captivity in May 1977. Some of the pups were determined to be hybrids, and they and their parents were removed from the program. Of the original 43 animals, only 17 were considered pure red wolves and since three were unable to breed, 14 became the breeding stock for the captive-breeding program.[87] These 14 were so closely related that they had the genetic effect of being only eight individuals.

title: Eastern wolf

text: In 2015, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada changed its designation of the eastern wolf from "Canis lupus lycaon" to "Canis cf lycaon" ("Canis" species believed to be "lycaon") and a species at risk. Later that year, a study compared the DNA sequences using 127,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (mutations) of wolves and coyotes. The study indicated that eastern wolves were a distinct genomic cluster, which did not exclude a possibility that a gray wolf x eastern wolf hybrid ("C. l. lycaon") historically inhabited the same area as the eastern wolf. The study did not include red wolves.

text: Refuge objectives are to protect and preserve unique wetland habitat types and the associated wildlife species, including endangered species such as red wolves, red-cockaded woodpeckers and American alligators. It also aims to provide a habitat for and management of waterfowl and other migratory birds, as well as for a wide variety of native wildlife species, through diverse wildlife management techniques and strategies.

title: Mexican wolf

text: Unlike eastern wolves and red wolves, the gray wolf species rarely interbreeds with coyotes in the wild. Direct hybridizations between coyotes and gray wolves was never explicitly observed. Nevertheless, in a study that analyzed the molecular genetics of the coyotes as well as samples of historical red wolves and Mexican wolves from Texas, a few coyote genetic markers have been found in the historical samples of some isolated individual Mexican wolves. Likewise, gray wolf Y-chromosomes have also been found in a few individual male Texan coyotes. This study suggested that although the Mexican gray wolf is generally less prone to hybridizations with coyotes compared to the red wolf, there may have been exceptional genetic exchanges with the Texan coyotes among a few individual gray wolves from historical remnants before the population was completely extirpated in Texas. However, the same study also countered that theory with an alternative possibility that it may have been the red wolves, who in turn also once overlapped with both species in the central Texas region, who were involved in circuiting the gene-flows between the coyotes and gray wolves much like how the eastern wolf is suspected to have bridged gene-flows between gray wolves and coyotes in the Great Lakes region since direct hybridizations between coyotes and gray wolves is considered rare.

text: The 2008 Arkansas State Red Wolves football team represents Arkansas State University in the 2008 college football season. The Red Wolves played five home games at ASU Stadium in Jonesboro, Arkansas, including Southern Miss, Middle Tennessee, and Florida Atlantic. The Red Wolves had a difficult season, playing against Texas A&M to start the season off, and later playing Alabama. Arkansas State has played a SEC school for the past three years.

title: History of wolves in Yellowstone

text:
The campaign to restore the gray wolf in Yellowstone had its roots in a number of seminal studies related to the predator-prey ecology of the park. In 1940 Adolph Murie published "Ecology of the Coyote in the Yellowstone National Park". That study and his 1940–41 work "The Wolves of Mount McKinley" was instrumental in building a scientific foundation for wolf conservation. In 1944, noted wildlife biologist Aldo Leopold, once an avid predator control advocate, made the following comments in his review of "The Wolves of North America", Young and Goldman, 1944:
By the 1960s, cultural and scientific understanding of ecosystems was changing attitudes toward the wolf and other large predators. In part, this included the emergence of Robert Paine's concept of the keystone species. In the early 1960s, Douglas Pimlott, a noted Canadian wildlife biologist was calling for the restorations of wolves in the northern rockies. In 1970 American wolf expert, David Mech published "The Wolf: The Ecology and Behavior of an Endangered Species" (1970, 1981), an enlightening study of the wolf and its impact on its environment. In 1978, when wildlife biologist John Weaver published his seminal study "Wolves of Yellowstone", he concluded the report with the following recommendation:
The gray wolf was one of the first species to be listed as endangered (1967) under the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966. However, until the passage of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, there was no legal basis or process for re-introducing the gray wolf to Yellowstone National Park and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The Endangered Species Act obligated the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to develop restoration plans for each species designated as "Endangered". The first recovery plan was completed in 1980 but gained little traction. In 1987, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service published a revised "Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan" which led the way to wolf reintroduction. The plan was a cooperative effort between the National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, academia, state wildlife agencies and environmental groups. Its Executive Summary contains the following:
In 1991 Congress directed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to develop an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the express purpose of reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone National Park and regions of Central Idaho. The final statement was published on April 14, 1994 and seriously examined five potential alternatives for reestablishing wolves in Yellowstone and central Idaho.

title: Arkansas State Red Wolves football

text: Expectations were high for the 2016 season but the Red Wolves started the campaign with four straight losses to Toledo, Auburn, Utah State and in-state FCS opponent Central Arkansas. But during Sun Belt Conference play the Red Wolves reeled off six straight victories including a road win against #25 Troy that denied the Trojans a share of the Sun Belt crown. The Red Wolves had a chance to secure a sole conference championship by winning its last two games but faltered when a last-second touchdown was reversed by replay at Louisiana. The Red Wolves secured a win in their final regular season game at Texas State which assured them of a shared conference championship with Appalachian State. The Red Wolves were selected for the 2016 Cure Bowl where they defeated UCF 31–13 in their own hometown.

title: Museum of Life and Science

text:
Explore the Wild is home to American black bears, red wolves, lemurs, and radiated tortoises.
It features a boardwalk over a preserved natural space, plus many multimedia exhibits. The exhibit opened in May 2006. The museum is part of preservation efforts for the red wolves and radiated tortoises. In spring 2017 the red wolf pair housed at the museum had a litter of 4 pups. These pups accounted for 2% of the entire red wolf population at the time. As part of the red wolf Specific Survival Plan the museum participates in, the family of wolves was moved to another facility in New York and a new pair of wolves came to the museum. Spring 2018 brought a litter of 2 pups to the new red wolf pair. The four wolves remain at the museum for the time being.
In 2018 the museum joined efforts for radiated tortoise conservation after the April 20, 2018 discovery of 10,000 housed illegally in Madagascar. The museum hosted a fundraiser to raise money for the tortoises at the museum and a conservation group in August 2018.

title: Niabi Zoo

text: North American area: Critically endangered red wolves, Xena the bald eagle, a North American porcupine, and yellow-backed duikers

title: Wolf

text: In Alaska, the gray wolf population is estimated at 6,000–7,000, and can be legally harvested during hunting and trapping seasons, with bag limits and other restrictions. As of 2002, there are 250 wolves in 28 packs in Yellowstone, and 260 wolves in 25 packs in Idaho. The gray wolf received Endangered Species Act (ESA) protection in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan in 1974, and was re-classed from endangered to threatened in 2003. Reintroduced Mexican wolves in Arizona and New Mexico are protected under the ESA and, as of late 2002, number 28 individuals in eight packs. A female wolf shot in 2013 in Hart County, Kentucky by a hunter was the first gray wolf seen in Kentucky in modern times. DNA analysis by Fish and Wildlife laboratories showed genetic characteristics similar to those of wolves in the Great Lakes Region.

title: Arkansas State Red Wolves

text: A panel selecting the new nickname first narrowed the list down to twelve finalists: A's, Black Wolves, Red Wolves, Diamonds, Express, Mallards, Mustangs, Red Dragons, Red Storm, Ridge Runners, Ridge Riders and Thunderbirds. A meeting was held on December 3, 2007 to review the list, which was narrowed in January 2008 to Red Wolves, Ridge Riders or Express Train.

title: Introduced species

text: A special case of introduction is the reintroduction of a species that has become locally endangered or extinct, done in the interests of conservation. Examples of successful reintroductions include wolves to Yellowstone National Park in the U.S., and the red kite to parts of England and Scotland. Introductions or translocations of species have also been proposed in the interest of genetic conservation, which advocates the introduction of new individuals into genetically depauperate populations of endangered or threatened species.

text: The 2016 Arkansas State Red Wolves football team represented Arkansas State Red Wolves in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Red Wolves played their home games at Centennial Bank Stadium in Jonesboro, Arkansas and competed in the Sun Belt Conference. They were led by third-year head coach Blake Anderson.

text: The Arkansas State Red Wolves football statistical leaders are individual statistical leaders of the Arkansas State Red Wolves football program in various categories, including passing, rushing, receiving, total offense, defensive stats, and kicking. Within those areas, the lists identify single-game, single-season, and career leaders. The Red Wolves represent Arkansas State University in the NCAA's Sun Belt Conference.

title: List of gray wolf populations by country

text:
In northeast Oregon, also in July 2008, wolf howls were heard by biologists who identified at least 2 adults and 2 pups. This was the first confirmed breeding pair in Oregon. By December 2011, Oregon's gray wolf population had grown to 24. One of the Oregon gray wolves, known as OR-7, traveled more than to the Klamath Basin and crossed the border into California. Wolf OR-7 became the first wolf west of the Cascades in Oregon since the last bounty was claimed in 1947. Oregon's wolf population increased to 77 wolves in 15 packs with 8 breeding pairs as of the end of 2015. As a result, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife proposed to delist wolves from their protected species list. On January 14, 2009, the United States Department of the Interior removed the Canadian gray wolf from the Endangered Species List in every American state except Wyoming. This move was blocked by lawsuits filed by conservation groups, but was successfully delisted on April 15, 2011 by the US Congress as part of a budget bill.
On August 31, 2012, Governor Matt Mead of Wyoming announced that wolves were no longer on the endangered species list in the state of Wyoming; therefore, they no longer need special protections from the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The wolf population in Wyoming is then controlled by the state. But on September 23, 2014, wolves in Wyoming are again listed as nonessential experimental population under the Endangered Species Act.

text: The 2017 Arkansas State Red Wolves baseball team represented the Arkansas State University during the 2017 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Red Wolves played their home games at Tomlinson Stadium–Kell Field.

title: Eastern wolf

text: In 2000, a study looked at red wolves and eastern Canadian wolves. The study agreed that these two wolves readily hybridize with the coyote. The study used 8 microsatellites (genetic markers taken from across the genome of a specimen). The phylogenetic tree produced from the genetic sequences showed a close relationship among the red, Algonquin Park, southern Quebec, and Minnesota wolves that all clustered together. These then clustered next closer with the coyote and away from the gray wolf. A further analysis using mDNA sequences indicated the presence of coyote in both of these two wolves, and that these two wolves had diverged from the coyote 150,000–300,000 years ago. No gray wolf sequences were detected in the samples. The study proposed that these findings are inconsistent with the two wolves being subspecies of the gray wolf, that red wolves and eastern Canadian wolves evolved in North America after having diverged from the coyote, and therefore they are more likely to hybridize with coyotes. In 2009, a study of eastern Canadian wolves - which was referred to as the "guzhzcGreat Lakes" wolf in this study - using microsatellites, mDNA, and the paternally-inherited yDNA markers found that the eastern Canadian wolf was a unique ecotype of the gray wolf that had undergone recent hybridization with other gray wolves and coyotes. It could find no evidence to support the findings of the earlier 2000 study regarding the eastern Canadian wolf. The study did not include the red wolf. This study was quickly rebutted on the grounds that it had misinterpreted the findings of earlier studies that it relied upon, nor did it provide a definition for a number of the terms that it used, such as "ecotype".

text: The 2015 Arkansas State Red Wolves football team represented Arkansas State University in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by head coach Blake Anderson, who was the first Red Wolves head coach since Steve Roberts in 2002 to return for a second season at Arkansas State (the three coaches between Roberts and Anderson all left for other head coaching jobs after a single season). The Red Wolves, who play their home games at Centennial Bank Stadium in Jonesboro, Arkansas, are members of the Sun Belt Conference. The Red Wolves finished the regular season 9–3, 8–0 in Sun Belt play to win their fourth Sun Belt Championship in five seasons. In the New Orleans Bowl, the Red Wolves fell to Louisiana Tech 28–47.

title: Endangered Wolf Center

text: The Endangered Wolf Center is a non-profit wildlife facility in Eureka, Missouri, United States, near St. Louis that is dedicated to preserving and reintroducing to the wild critically endangered species of wolves. It is certified by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). The Center was founded in 1971 by renowned naturalist Marlin Perkins and his wife Carol, who saw that wolves around the world were in danger of becoming extinct. Its mission is to preserve and protect Mexican wolves, red wolves, and other wild canid species, with purpose and passion, through carefully managed breeding, reintroduction and inspiring education programs. Animals born at the facility have been reintroduced to North Carolina (red wolves) and Arizona and New Mexico (Mexican wolves). The Center's research focuses on reproductive, behavioral and nutritional needs for the species housed there. The Endangered Wolf Center is a founding member of the AZA’s Mexican Wolf and Red Wolf Species Survival Plans. As of August 2016, the Center had six species of endangered canids: Mexican wolves, red wolves, maned wolves, African painted dogs, fennec foxes and swift foxes. It had more than 20 Mexican gray wolves, more than any other managed breeding facility. (Only 97 Mexican wolves were known to exist in the wild as of 2015.) The Center serves as the cornerstone of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's program to preserve Mexican wolves and reintroduce them to the wild.

title: Red wolf

text: In 2000, a study looked at red wolves and eastern Canadian wolves. The study agreed that these two wolves readily hybridize with the coyote. The study used 8 microsatellites (genetic markers taken from across the genome of a specimen). The phylogenetic tree produced from the genetic sequences showed red wolves and eastern Canadian wolves clustering together. These then clustered next closer with the coyote and away from the gray wolf. A further analysis using mDNA sequences indicated the presence of coyote in both of these two wolves, and that these two wolves had diverged from the coyote 150,000–300,000 years ago. No gray wolf sequences were detected in the samples. The study proposes that these findings are inconsistent with the two wolves being subspecies of the gray wolf, that red wolves and eastern Canadian wolves evolved in North America after having diverged from the coyote, and therefore they are more likely to hybridize with coyotes.[57] In 2009, a study of eastern Canadian wolves using microsatellites, mDNA, and the paternally-inherited yDNA markers found that the eastern Canadian wolf was a unique ecotype of the gray wolf that had undergone recent hybridization with other gray wolves and coyotes. It could find no evidence to support the findings of the earlier 2000 study regarding the eastern Canadian wolf. The study did not include the red wolf.[58]

title: Beardsley Zoo

text: Being an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), the zoo partakes in multiple captive breeding programs and Species Survival Plans. The zoo works to care for and breed multiple endangered species such as Amur tigers, Amur leopards, Canada lynx, Brazilian ocelots, red wolves, Mexican wolves, maned wolves, giant anteaters, Chacoan peccaries, golden lion tamarins, North American river otters, Andean condors, spotted turtles, and eastern hellbenders.

title: Point Defiance Park

text: Endangered species: One of the features of the park is to sit in quiet contemplation in one of the Japanese Gardens. At sunset, wolves howl as the sun sinks into the tall trees with the Olympic Mountains silhouetted on the horizon. The wolves are temporary guests as part of a restoration project for endangered species that the Zoo & Aquarium and Northwest Trek Wildlife Park sponsor.

title: Arkansas State Red Wolves

text: On January 31, 2008, Arkansas State University's Mascot Selection Steering Committee decided to use the "Wolves" as a mascot. The Red Wolves was officially approved by the NCAA on March 7, 2008. The unveiling ceremony for the new Red Wolves logo was held March 13, 2008. The University planned on doing a slow phase out of the Indian imagery on the Arkansas State University campus. Dr. Dean Lee, the University's athletic director at the time, announced the Indian imagery would be phased out by importance, meaning the most visible sports would have the Red Wolves imagery first. Also, as part of the phaseout of the "Indians" nickname, the school immediately changed the name of its football stadium from Indian Stadium to ASU Stadium. In September 2012 the stadium's name was changed to Liberty Bank Stadium (now, , known as Centennial Bank Stadium).

title: Wolf Haven International

text: Wolf Haven International, originally known as Wolf Haven America and Wolf Haven Country, is a wolf sanctuary and management 501(c)(3) non-profit organization headquartered in Tenino, Washington, that focuses on wolves. Founded in 1982 by Steve and Linda Kuntz, the organization provides educational programs on wolves, engages in wolf-related activism, and operates a sanctuary that houses displaced, captive-born wolves. It also fosters and participates in captive-breeding programs for two highly endangered types of wolves, the red wolf and the Mexican wolf. Wolf Haven is one of three facilities in the United States that provides pre-release housing for Mexican gray wolves bred for Southwest restoration programs.

title: Reflection Riding Arboretum and Nature Center

text: The facility includes the 317-acre arboretum, 15 miles of trails, live animals indoor and outdoors, and a treehouse. The nature center participates in the endangered Red Wolf Species Survival Plan or SSP, breeding red wolves in captivity.

title: Red wolf

text: In 2012, the Southern Environmental Law Center filed a lawsuit against the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission for jeopardizing the existence of the wild red wolf population by allowing nighttime hunting of coyotes in the five-county restoration area in eastern North Carolina.[93] A 2014 court-approved settlement agreement was reached that banned nighttime hunting of coyotes and requires permitting and reporting coyote hunting.[93] In response to the settlement, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission adopted a resolution requesting the USFWS to remove all wild red wolves from private lands, terminate recovery efforts, and declare red wolves extinct in the wild.[94] This resolution came in the wake of a 2014 programmatic review of the red wolf conservation program conducted by The Wildlife Management Institute.[95][96][97] The Wildlife Management Institute indicated the reintroduction of the red wolf was an incredible achievement. The report indicated that red wolves could be released and survive in the wild, but that illegal killing of red wolves threatens the long-term persistence of the population.[97] The report stated that the USFWS needed to update its red wolf recovery plan, thoroughly evaluate its strategy for preventing coyote hybridization and increase its public outreach.[98] Since the programmatic review, the USFWS ceased implementing the red wolf adaptive management plan that was responsible for preventing red wolf hybridization with coyotes and allowed the release of captive-born red wolves into the wild population.[99] Since then, the wild population has decreased from 100–115 red wolves to 50–65.[100] Despite the controversy over the red wolf's status as a unique taxon as well as the USFWS' apparent disinterest towards wolf conservation in the wild, the vast majority of public comments (including NC residents) submitted to the USFWS in 2017 over their new wolf management plan were in favor of the original wild conservation plan.[101]

text: The 2009 Arkansas State Red Wolves football team represented Arkansas State University in the 2009 NCAA Division I FBS college football season. The Red Wolves, led by 8th year head coach Steve Roberts, played their home games at ASU Stadium. The Red Wolves finished the season 4–8 and 3–5 in Sun Belt play.

title: Red wolf

text: In 1980, a study used gel electrophoresis to look at fragments of DNA taken from dogs, coyotes, and wolves from the red wolf's core range. The study found that a unique allele (expression of a gene) associated with Lactate dehydrogenase could be found in red wolves but not dogs and coyotes. The study suggests that this allele survives in the red wolf. The study did not compare gray wolves for the existence of this allele.[44]

title: Great Smoky Mountains

text: The Smokies are home to over two dozen species of rodents, including the endangered northern flying squirrel, and 10 species of bats, including the endangered Indiana bat. The National Park Service has successfully reintroduced river otters and elk into the Great Smokies. An attempt to reintroduce the red wolf in the early 1990s ultimately failed. These wolves were removed from the park and relocated to the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge in North Carolina.

title: Wildlands Network

text:
The Wildlands Network focuses on merging science and activism in order to protect the remaining red wolves in the southeastern United States. The red wolf is one of the critically endangered in the world. Only about 30-50 of them exist in the wild. The Network is trying to take measures on their behalf in order for them to survive. Red wolves are essential for keeping deer populations in check because deer are destructive to vegetation. Red wolves also help keep smaller animals in check, preventing them from overpopulating.
The Wildlands Network is currently focused on three major campaigns to save the Red Wolves. Firstly, installing cameras in the areas where red wolves are known to roam, and releasing the footage to the public in order to show that wolves are not overkilling deer, but rather keeping their populations in check. Secondly, promoting political pressure on the United States Fish and Wildlife Services, which is the main U.S agency in charge of conservation efforts of Red Wolves under the Endangered Species Act. Thirdly, advocating for red wolves targeting the public such as through newspapers, presentations, and rallies.


query: What was the first adventure game?

title: Adventure game

text: An adventure game is a video game in which the player assumes the role of a protagonist in an interactive story driven by exploration and puzzle-solving.[1] The genre's focus on story allows it to draw heavily from other narrative-based media, literature and film, encompassing a wide variety of literary genres. Many adventure games (text and graphic) are designed for a single player, since this emphasis on story and character makes multi-player design difficult.[2] Colossal Cave Adventure is identified as the first such adventure game, first released in 1976, while other notable adventure game series include Zork, King's Quest, The Secret of Monkey Island, and Myst.

title: Rogue (video game)

text: Toy subsequently enrolled in computer science at the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) in the late 1970s. Working first on UCSC's PDP-11 and then its VAX-11, Toy began exploring what games were available over ARPANET, the predecessor of the current Internet. One game that intrigued him was "Colossal Cave Adventure" (also known as "Adventure") (1976) by William Crowther and Don Woods. "Adventure", considered the first text-based adventure game, challenged the player to explore a cave system through descriptions given by the computer and commands issued by the player. Toy was impressed by the game and started writing his own.

title: Tesla Effect: A Tex Murphy Adventure

text: On July 10, the birthday of Nikola Tesla, it was announced that the official title would be "Tesla Effect: A Tex Murphy Adventure", and a teaser trailer was unveiled. On August 27, 2013, it was revealed that Atlus would be publishing, supporting Big Finish with distribution, marketing, and quality assurance. On May 7, 2014 it was released for Microsoft Windows and OS X through GOG.com and Steam. In a video update on February 26, 2014, Chris Jones explained that the scope of the game had expanded far beyond what was initially planned, describing it as "two full-length "Tex Murphy" adventure games in one." He also revealed that the game would run at 2K resolution, a possible first for game FMV.

title: Hiveswap

text: Hiveswap is an episodic adventure game developed by What Pumpkin Games and overseen by Andrew Hussie and Cohen Edenfield. Based in the universe of Hussie's MS Paint Adventures webcomic "Homestuck", it focuses on a girl who is accidentally transported to the planet of Alternia—home of the troll species seen in "Homestuck". It is the first of two games, with a planned second, future installment titled "Hauntswitch" featuring a male troll who was swapped onto Earth in her place.

title: Adventure game

text: While most adventure games typically do not include any time-based interactivity by the player, action-adventure games are a hybrid of action games with adventure games that often require to the player to react quickly to events as they occur on screen.[16] The action-adventure genre is broad, spanning many different subgenres, but typically these games utilize strong storytelling and puzzle-solving mechanics of adventure games among the action-oriented gameplay concepts. The foremost title in this genre was Adventure, a graphic home console game developed based on the text-based Colossal Cave Adventure,[15] while the first The Legend of Zelda brought the action-adventure concept to a broader audience.

title: Action-adventure game

text: Exactly when a game stops being an adventure game and becomes an action game is a matter of interpretation. There are quite a few disagreements in the community and in the media over what actually constitutes an action-adventure game. One definition of the term "action adventure" may be '"An action/adventure game is a game that has enough action in it not to be called an adventure game, but not enough action to be called an action game." In some cases an action game with puzzles will be classified as an action-adventure game, but if these puzzles are quite simple they might be classified as an action game. Others see action games as a pure genre, while an action-adventure is an action game that includes situational problem-solving. Adventure gamers may also be purists, rejecting any game that makes use of physical challenges or time pressure. Regardless, the action-adventure label is prominent in articles over the internet and media. The term "action-adventure" is usually substituted for a particular subgenre due to its wide scope.

title: Tesla Effect: A Tex Murphy Adventure

text: Adventure Gamers praised the game for its traditional adventure gameplay, arguing that ""Tesla Effect" doesn't reinvent the wheel, nor does it aim to. What it does attempt – and successfully accomplishes – is to mark the comeback of a beloved adventure gaming icon, and to do so in a way familiar to legions of fans." Likewise, Adventure Classic Gaming praised the game as "a perfect sendoff for a beloved series that has survived the rise and fall of a once dying genre" and "an easy recommendation for all Tex Murphy fans who long to see Tex return in full form."

title: LucasArts adventure games

text:
LucasArts' first adventure game was the 1986 title "". The game's development was led by David Fox, with contributions from Douglas Adams, Christopher Cerf, Noah Falstein and Brenda Laurel. Based on the film of the same name, it is LucasArts' first video game adaptation of a film. It is the only adventure game not published by LucasArts, as "Labyrinth" was published and distributed by Activision. "Labyrinth" differs significantly from later LucasArts adventure games as it uses text parser gameplay as the main means of play.
"Labyrinth" was followed in 1987 by "Maniac Mansion". "Maniac Mansion" was the creation of Ron Gilbert and Gary Winnick, and marked the debut of SCUMM, the game engine that powered all but two of LucasArts later adventure games. The game was also the first LucasArts adventure game to be released for DOS. "Maniac Mansion" was LucasArts' first full graphic adventure game, using a point-and-click interface rather than the text-based gameplay seen in "Labyrinth". A menu of verbs allows the player to choose how to interact with the game's environment. "Maniac Mansion" aims to parody the horror genre. The game was subject to several enhancements and re-releases, and was included as a game within a game in its sequel, "Day of the Tentacle".

title: Broken Age

text: The adventure game genre was selected to offer the public a product that would not have existed without their support, and help to distinguish the project from the developer's publisher-financed work. Schafer, a veteran of LucasArts, has long been associated with adventure games, a genre that has long been stigmatized as commercially niche, particularly since the release of Schafer's own "Grim Fandango". In his pitch to the public, Schafer argued that funding for such a project would be very difficult to come by, stating "If I were to go to a publisher right now and pitch an adventure game, they'd laugh in my face." Ron Gilbert, another ex-LucasArts adventure game designer at Double Fine, has long expressed this sentiment, writing in his personal blog, "From first-hand experience, I can tell you that if you even utter the words "adventure game" in a meeting with a publisher you can just pack up your spiffy concept art and leave. You'd get a better reaction by announcing that you have the plague." Schafer explained that the game will not be "museum" or "nostalgia" work, but instead "It's going to be fresh and feel modern and feel like what the next game would have been if I'd made one straight after "Grim Fandango"".

title: Fade (video game)

text: Fade is a point-and-click adventure game developed by the Fade Team and released for the Windows Mobile Professional platform in 2001. The game was critically acclaimed as the first large-scale adventure game for the platform. It is most often compared to "Myst", the first immersive graphic adventure games for the PC, and the games in the "Zork" series.

title: Judge Dredd (role-playing game)

text: In February 2017, EN Publishing announced the new "Judge Dredd & The Worlds of 2000 AD Tabletop Adventure Game" using the What's OLD is NEW (WOIN) roleplaying game system. The first releases will be the "Judge Dredd & The Worlds of 2000 AD" core rulebook, and "The Robot Wars" adventure/sourcebook.

title: Gray Matter (video game)

text: Reception by the gaming press to the English language release has been mixed. PC version received an aggregated score of 72 on Metacritic and 75% on GameRankings. Xbox 360 version received an aggregated score of 66% on GameRankings. Zen Review commented that, "While it does pale in comparison to what was one of the pinnacle[s] of adventure gaming [Gabriel Knight], for being such a refined product of well-told story and carefully crafted multimedia experience, it has been well worth the decade-long wait for the fans of Jensen's work." Adventure Classic Gaming stated that, "for the rest of gamers who opt to evaluate this game on its own merits, Gray Matter is a game that can easily measure up against the best of what the genre can offer. Gray Matter succeeds not because of its pedigree but because of what it can deliver." Most of the criticisms of the game are directed at the quality of the cut scenes, which are considered out of keeping with the quality of the rendered graphics. Official Xbox Magazine UK gave the game an unfavorable review, criticizing the clunky interference and "patronizing" depiction of England. "The A.V. Club" gave it an A- rating, praising the puzzles and writing and calling it "the best traditional adventure game in a decade."

title: Tails Adventure

text: Along with "Tails' Skypatrol", the game is one of two on the Game Gear to star Tails in a solo role. "Tails Adventure" received mixed reviews, with critics finding the game unoriginal and too slow-paced compared to previous "Sonic" offerings. Retrospective reviews commended the game for trying something different and compared the gameplay to the "Metroid" series, but disliked what they felt was repetitive backtracking. "Tails Adventure" was included in "Sonic Adventure DX" (2003), "Sonic Gems Collection" (2005), and re-released on the Nintendo 3DS in 2013.

title: What Remains of Edith Finch

text: "Eurogamer" ranked the game second on their list of the "Top 50 Games of 2017", while "GamesRadar+" ranked it fifth on their list of the 25 Best Games of 2017. In "Game Informer"s Reader's Choice Best of 2017 Awards, the game came at fourth place for "Best Adventure Game" with just 10% of the votes, about 4% behind "". The same website also gave it the award of "Best Adventure Game" in their Best of 2017 Awards, and of "Best Narrative" and "Adventure Game of the Year" in their 2017 Adventure Game of the Year Awards. EGMNow ranked the game at #25 in their list of the 25 Best Games of 2017, while "Polygon" ranked it 13th on their list of the 50 best games of 2017.

title: Colossal Cave Adventure

text: "Adventure" also inspired the development of online multiplayer games like MUDs, the precursors of the modern-day MMORPG. The Atari 2600 video game "Adventure" was an attempt to create a graphical version of "Adventure", and itself became the first known example of an action-adventure game, and introduced the fantasy genre to video game consoles. The "Carmen Sandiego" series, one of the first educational games, was inspired by transforming the caverns of "Colossal Cave Adventure" into a globe-spanning clue-and-treasure hunt.

title: CD-i games from The Legend of Zelda series

text: Released nearly 8 months after the first two "Zelda" CD-i games, "Zelda's Adventure" was created by a different third-party developer, Viridis. The game again follows a nontraditional Zelda-saves-Link plotline, but it uses a different game engine than "Faces of Evil" and "Wand of Gamelon". Whereas the first two CD-i games were patterned on the side-scrolling "Zelda II: The Adventure of Link", "Zelda's Adventure" took the top-down "The Legend of Zelda" as its model. "Zelda's Adventure" featured FMV cutscenes, but rather than using drawn animation, the game used live-action scenes. Reception for the game was poor, and whereas some modern critics have given more nuanced reviews of the first two games, modern criticism for "Zelda's Adventure" is unanimously negative.

title: List of video game genres

text: One of the first action-adventure games was the Atari 2600 game "Adventure" (1980). It was directly inspired by the original text adventure, "Colossal Cave Adventure". In the process of adapting a text game to a console with only a joystick for control, designer Warren Robinett created an action-adventure game by incorporating action arcade game elements.

title: Colossal Cave Adventure

text: "Colossal Cave Adventure" is the first known work of interactive fiction and, as the first text adventure game, is considered the precursor for the adventure game genre. "Colossal Cave Adventure" also contributed towards the role playing and roguelike genres.

title: Adventure (Atari 2600)

text: As the first action-adventure video game and first console fantasy game, "Adventure" established its namesake genre on video game consoles. In addition to being the first graphical adventure game on the Atari 2600 console, it is the first video game to contain a widely known Easter egg, and the first to allow a player to use multiple, portable, on-screen items while exploring an open-ended environment, making it one of the first examples, even as small and primitive as it is, of an open world game. The game has been voted the best Atari 2600 game in numerous polls, and has been noted as a significant step in the advancement of home video games. "GamePro" ranked it as the 28th most important video game of all time in 2007. In 2010, "1UP.com" listed it as one of the most important games ever made in its "The Essential 50" feature. "Entertainment Weekly" named "Adventure" as one of the top 10 games for the Atari 2600.

title: Dave Arneson

text: Arneson wrote up the Blackmoor setting for Judges Guild in "The First Fantasy Campaign" (1977). In 1979 Arneson and Richard L. Snider, an original "Blackmoor" player, co-authored "Adventures in Fantasy", a role-playing game that attempted to recapture the "original spirit of the Role Playing Fantasy Game" that Arneson had envisioned in the early 1970s, instead of what "D&D" had become. In the early 1980s he established his own game company, Adventure Games – staffed largely by Arneson's friends, most of whom were also members of a Civil War reenactment group – that produced the miniatures games "Harpoon" (1981) and "Johnny Reb" (1983), as well as a new edition of his own "Adventures in Fantasy" role-playing game (1981). The company also put out about a half-dozen Tékumel related books, due to Arneson's friendship with M. A. R. Barker. Adventure Games was profitable, but Arneson found the workload to be excessive and finally sold the company to Flying Buffalo. Flying Buffalo picked up the rights to Adventure Games in 1985; because Arneson owned a portion of Flying Buffalo, he let them take care of the rest of the company's stock and IP when he shut the company down.

title: LucasArts adventure games

text: In 1989, while designing the first Monkey Island game, Ron Gilbert wrote an article titled Why Adventure Games Suck outlining what he perceived to be design flaws in adventure games of the time.

text: James Wallis was able to publish his game "The Extraordinary Adventures of Baron Munchausen" in 1998, the first of what would later be called the company's "New Style" RPGs.

title: Bill & Ted's Excellent Video Game Adventure

text: Upon its release the game earned a handful of Mixed-to-Negative reviews. "Nintendo Power" gave the game a 3.6 out of 5 stating the positive side as "Bill & Ted fans won't be disappointed by the video versions of the dudes from San Dimas" but also points "It isn't easy finding items, which means you'll spend ages wandering around, and that's frustrating." "Game Player's Strategy Guide" states "It's a change of pace from the usual role playing adventure, with a refreshing - if somewhat overbearing - humor." GamePro states "What could have been a truly excellent video game adventure wound up as a mildly entertaining video-jaunt." "Video Games & Computer Entertainment" states "The verbose Bill and Ted themselves would likely describe this adventure of theirs as being 'bogus,' but what we get can be best called average.""

title: Zelda's Adventure

text: Released nearly 8 months after the first two "Zelda" CD-i games, "Zelda's Adventure" uses a different game engine from . Whereas the first two CD-i games were patterned on the side-scrolling "", "Zelda's Adventure" took the top-down "The Legend of Zelda", "", and "" as its models. "Zelda's Adventure" is the only "Legend of Zelda" game to feature live-action cutscenes. Reception for the game was poor, and whereas some critics have given more nuanced reviews of the first two games, modern criticism for "Zelda's Adventure" is unanimously negative.

title: Adventure Island II

text: Adventure Island II is a side-scrolling platform game developed by Now Production and published by Hudson Soft that was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in . It is the sequel to "Adventure Island" and the second game in the series for the NES. While the first game was an adaptation of Sega's "Wonder Boy" arcade game, "Adventure Island II" is an original work, as were all the subsequent "Adventure Island" games. A portable version was also released for the Game Boy in titled Takahashi Meijin no Bouken Jima II or Adventure Island outside of Japan.

title: Action-adventure game

text: Brett Weiss cites "Superman" (1979) as an action-adventure game, with "Retro Gamer" crediting it as the "first to utilize multiple screens as playing area". Mark J.P. Wolf credits "Adventure" (1980) as the earliest-known action-adventure game, was an adaptation of text-based adventure game "Colossal Cave Adventure" for the Atari 2600, with the player having the ability to fight in combat like in an action game. "Castle Wolfenstein" (1981) was another early action-adventure game. Allgame also claimed the following titles released prior to 1982 were action-adventure games: "Rescue at Rigel" (1980), "Quest for the Rings" (1981), and "Venture" (1981).

title: Adventure board game

text: Adventure board games often integrate various role-playing game mechanics, such as experience points and character creation into the board game format. The origins of these two types of game are related. In the early 1970s, Dave Arneson introduced his role-playing game, Blackmoor, to a group of players. One of those players, Gary Gygax, collaborated with Arneson to create "Dungeons & Dragons" (1974). Another member of that gaming group, Dave Meggary, translated the experience into the board game, "Dungeon!" (1975), the first adventure board game. In fact, the term "adventure gaming" in the 1970s referred to what later became known as tabletop role-playing games, and only later became associated with board games.

title: Adventures of Mana

text: "Adventures of Mana" is a remake of the 1991 Game Boy game "Final Fantasy Adventure", which was the first entry in the "Mana" series. It is the second remake of "Final Fantasy Adventure", the first being the Game Boy Advance game "Sword of Mana", which had removed the connections to the "Final Fantasy" series in favor of being more connected to the rest of the "Mana" series. According to "Adventures of Mana"s producer, Masaru Oyamada, the development team focused on not upsetting what had made the original game good, while adding things that had not been possible to do in the original version due to hardware limitations; they also aimed to make the game more comfortable and intuitive to play: for instance, switching armor and weapons and using items and magic was made easier, and shortcut commands were added. The game borrows some elements from the original Game Boy version, and some from "Sword of Mana". For example, the first remake introduced the ability to play as the heroine, but "Adventures of Mana", like the original, only has a male playable character; conversely "Adventures of Mana"s battle system, user interface and sword attack are based on "Sword of Mana"s rather than the original's. Kenji Ito, the composer for "Final Fantasy Adventure", returned to create updated and more dramatic rearrangements for the remake.

title: The Dig

text: In 2011, Adventure Gamers rated "The Dig" at No. 92 on its list of the 100 best adventure games of all time, noting that gamers did not know what to make of the game at the time of its release, but adding, "Strip away the preconceptions, however, and what’s left is a very good game in its own right".

title: Size Five Games

text: Their first new release was a donationware adventure game called "Ben There, Dan That!", released in 2008. It was widely praised by the adventure game community and downloaded 50,000 times but brought in only "a couple of hundred quid" due to its donation model. Marshall self-funded the games development, telling the BBC in 2010 "What I do keeps me fed and warm. I'm not sure I get to lead the most extravagant lifestyle, or how my earnings compare to people working in the mainstream games industry." Marshall later said of the game "I didn’t think people would really pay money for it ... I think that was a bit naive, in retrospect. It’s well worth a couple of quid, and I do regret not charging for it initially. You can always move the price down, you can’t really move it up." A 2011 updated edition of the game, which added a soundtrack and other features, was sold on a "pay what you want" model, with a minimum price.


query: What color is Samus' hair?

title: Samus Aran

text: Nevertheless, much of Samus' media reception came from her sex appeal. GameTrailers named Samus number one on a 2006 list of the top ten women of gaming,[61] and number three among top ten "gamer babes" in 2007.[62] GameDaily ranked Samus seventh on a list of the top "hottest game babes", describing her as "a refreshing change of pace, a tough, no-nonsense warrior that isn't afraid to remove her famous orange and yellow power suit and let her hair down, especially to reveal her skin-tight clothing."[63] She was further listed on GameDaily's list of "hottest" blondes in video games, described as both one of Nintendo's most famous protagonists as well as a "curvaceous, drop-dead-gorgeous woman,"[64] and used to illustrate the "smart and sexy heroine" concept on their list of top video game archetypes.[65] In 2008, Spike placed Samus on the top of their list of "video game vixen" as "a foxy broad that conceals her curves inside a weapon of death and destruction,"[66] while MSN India listed her as one of "the best-looking game characters with perfect figures."[67] In 2009, UGO.com ranked Samus as 11th on a list of the top "girls of gaming"[68] and as the "eighth-hottest sci-fi girl",[69] also including her in the 2011 list of 50 video game "hotties".[70]

title: Characters in the Metroid series

text: X can also mimic biomechanical technology such as the Security Robot B.O.X. and Samus' Power Suit. After being infected by the X, Samus' infected Power Suit components were surgically removed and sent to B.S.L. station. Unfortunately, this allowed the X to mimic Samus and her Power Suit creating another doppelgänger of Samus called SA-X. SA-X is implied to have used a Power Bomb to escape the infected Power Suit components containment unit allowing the X to spread throughout B.S.L. and infect countless creatures living in the B.S.L. station with the exception of the Etecoons and Dachora. SA-X mimicked Samus at her most powerful, proving to be a dangerous foe to the weakened Samus and passed on some of Samus' Power Suit abilities to Core-X. SA-X also gained Samus' Ice Beam and Metroid hunting knowledge, making SA-X the only X capable of taking on the X parasites natural predator, the Metroid which was being secretly breed on the B.S.L. station. SA-X attacks Sector 0 to destroy the Metroid which initiates the Sector's self-destruct, which Samus herself escapes. However Adam reveals that due to their ability to asexually reproduce, there are more SA-X onboard the station. Eventually Adam reveals the Federation plans to send a team to capture SA-X and the X parasites for study, though Samus restores the computer's original personality of Adam Malkovich while trying to convince him of the insanity of the Federation's plan, causing him to advise Samus on how to destroy the station and the X by crashing it into SR388, leading Samus to confront SA-X which after being weakened transforms into a misshaped monster that is apparently an amalgamation of Samus' power suit and Hornoad (the creature the X that infected Samus had previously been mimicking) before it is defeated by Samus, however its Core-X escapes preventing Samus from absorbing it. However when Samus is injured by a surviving Metroid in its Omega state while trying to escape the station, SA-X reappears and ironically ends up saving Samus when it attempts to destroy the Omega Metroid only SA-X to be defeated, allowing Samus to absorb SA-X's Core-X which Samus' Ice Beam and gives the Fusion Suit the same coloration as Samus' Power Suit, allowing Samus to defeat the Omega Metroid and escape the B.S.L. which crashes into SR388 destroying both, killing the X parasites on both the station and the planet, presumably ending the threat posed by the X Parasites.

title: Hair coloring

text: Permanent hair color generally contains ammonia and must be mixed with a developer or oxidizing agent in order to permanently change hair color. Ammonia is used in permanent hair color to open the cuticle layer so that the developer and colorants together can penetrate into the cortex. The developer, or oxidizing agent, comes in various volumes. The higher the developer volume, the higher the "lift" will be of a person's natural hair pigment. Someone with dark hair wishing to achieve two or three shades lighter may need a higher developer whereas someone with lighter hair wishing to achieve darker hair will not one as high. Timing may vary with permanent hair coloring but is typically 30 minutes or 45 minutes for those wishing to achieve maximum color change.

title: Woman with Flowered Hat

text: There are some changes in this from the Picasso, obviously complete changes all over, but the more obvious ones: I've changed the face-color to the pink dots and the hair-color to the yellow, since all my girls have yellow hair, almost all of them do. And I was curious to see what it would look like with a more pseudo-realistic color, sort of correcting Picasso, as though he had made an error in painting the face blue. And one of the purposes of it is to make what looks like an insensitive reproduction of the Picasso, and changing the color of the face and hair to ones that would be more conventional would be part of that insensitivity, and there is a general change in the shape of the whole position of the head.

title: Samus Aran

text: In his review of Super Smash Bros., GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann called Samus one of the characters that made Nintendo "what it is today."[86] Samus was ranked fifth on GameDaily's 2009 list of top characters in the Smash Bros. series,[87] while IGN ranked her as the third-best character for Super Smash Bros.[88] Her controversial portrayal in Metroid: Other M received mixed reactions. Unlike other Metroid games, where Samus took full advantage of weapons and abilities available, she deactivated most of them until Commander Adam Malkovich authorized their use, despite obvious uses for them.[89] G4 TV considered the portrayal of Samus as "sexist", stating that as she "cannot possibly wield the amount of power she possesses unless directed to by a man" and that her anxiety attack cannot be reconciled with her previous portrayals.[90] The A.V. Club echoed the misgivings about Samus' immaturity, petulant behavior, and misguided loyalty.[91]

title: Hair coloring

text: Demi-permanent hair color is hair color that contains an alkaline agent other than ammonia (e.g. ethanolamine, sodium carbonate) and, while always employed with a developer, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in that developer may be lower than used with a permanent hair color. Since the alkaline agents employed in demi-permanent colors are less effective in removing the natural pigment of hair than ammonia these products provide no lightening of hair's color during dyeing. As the result, they cannot color hair to a lighter shade than it was before dyeing and are less damaging to hair than their permanent counterpart.

title: Hair care

text: Most permanent color changes require that the cuticle of the hair be opened so the color change can take place within the cuticle. This process, which uses chemicals to alter the structure of the hair, can damage the cuticle or internal structure of the hair, leaving it dry, weak, or prone to breakage. After the hair processing, the cuticle may not fully close, which results in coarse hair or an accelerated loss of pigment. Generally, the lighter the chosen color from one's initial hair color, the more damaged it may be. Other options for applying color to hair besides chemical dyes include the use of such herbs as henna and indigo, or choosing ammonia-free solutions.

title: Dip dye

text:
Dip-dyeing and the ombré hairstyle are similar. However, dip dyeing usually involves brighter neon colors and a less smooth gradient in color than an ombre style, which is typically a more blended and natural coloration. Another similar hair coloring technique that is confusing is balayage because it is so similar to Ombré, but looks like "growing-out" highlights.
It is common for people to change the color of their hair or even just spice up their look a bit. Dip dye hair is one of the biggest trends of the decade with hair styles. Many celebrities have been seen with this idea of color fading in the hair. Celebrities like Lea Michelle, Vanessa Hudgens and many more have represented this trend. Dip Dye is similar to the ombre and balayage styles that have a color fade in the hair. These are all ways to color hair without using the highlighting or dyeing processes that use foils. They tend to have more natural looking styles than the highlighting processes.

title: Hair coloring

text: Temporary hair color is available in various forms including rinses, shampoos, gels, sprays, and foams. Temporary hair color is typically brighter and more vibrant than semi-permanent and permanent hair color. It is most often used to color hair for special occasions such as costume parties and Halloween.

title: Human hair color

text: Permanent hair color gives the most flexibility because it can make hair lighter or darker as well as changing tone and color, but there are negatives. Constant (monthly or six-weekly) maintenance is essential to match new hair growing in to the rest of the hair, and to remedy fading. A one-color permanent dye creates a flat, uniform color across the whole head, which can look unnatural and harsh, especially in a fair shade. To combat this, the modern trend is to use multiple colors—usually one color as a base with added highlights or lowlights in other shades.

title: Clairol

text: The Clairol hair-coloring line includes permanent hair color, semipermanent hair color, and highlighting and blonding products. As of 2014, Clairol's hair-color products are sold under these brands:

title: Hair coloring

text: Hair color was traditionally applied to the hair as one overall color. The modern trend is to use several colors to produce streaks or gradations, but not all work on top of a single base color. These are referred to as:There are also newer coloring techniques such as ombré, in which hair is dark on the crown and bit by bit becomes lighter toward the ends.

title: Hot roots

text:
Hot roots is a term used by hair stylists to explain the condition brought about by applying an artificial pigment to the hair, whereby the roots (the sections of the hair follicles closest to the scalp) are noticeably warmer in color (more red/orange) than the ends of the hair. This can happen for a few reasons, but the two most likely causes are explained below.
It is helpful to understand the general nature of the lightening, or "lifting", of natural hair color. The color of natural hair is determined by the melanin present. Generally, the more melanin, the darker the hair. In order for the color of hair to be lightened, a chemical must penetrate the cuticle of the hair, enter the cortex and destroy the melanin. Permanent hair color, bleach and other decolorants can do this to varying degrees.
Permanent hair color, unlike bleach and other decolorants, leaves behind an artificial pigment while destroying the natural pigment. This pigment is a mix of the primary colors: blue, red and yellow. The chemical reaction that occurs within the hair follicle during a color-lightening process, in essence, destroys the natural melanin as well as the blue, red and yellow hues, respectively, one at a time. The extent to which this occurs can be affected by the proportion of chemicals present, especially hydrogen peroxide, as well as by the temperature at which the hair is kept during the process. Artificial hair pigment, unlike natural hair pigment, cannot be lightened to a noticeable extent by other artificial hair color.

title: Hair coloring

text: The pigments in temporary hair color are high molecular weight and cannot penetrate the cuticle layer. The color particles remain adsorbed (closely adherent) to the surface of the hair shaft and are easily removed with a single shampooing. Temporary hair color can persist on hair that is excessively dry or damaged in a way that allows for migration of the pigment to the interior of the hair shaft.

title: Metroid II: Return of Samus

text: The Game Boy's black-and-white graphics resulted in changes to Samus's gear that eventually became permanent. In the original "Metroid", color was used to differentiate between Samus's Power Suit and her Varia Suitan upgraded version. However, without color on the Game Boy, the two suits would have appeared similar, requiring the developers to develop a visual indicator for players to determine which suit Samus is wearing. They also updated her Varia Suit, adding round metal shoulders that have been a part of the suit in every game in the series since then. Nintendo R&D1 was also involved in developing the Game Boy Color, a successor to the original Game Boy with a color screen. Nintendo of America's Dan Owsen noted that Nintendo R&D1 included a special ""Metroid" palette" in the Game Boy Color's hardware, which "makes "Metroid II" look really, really nice on Game Boy Color", remarking that this made the game's graphics comparable to the original "Metroid" on the Nintendo Entertainment System.

title: Metroid Prime 3: Corruption

text: The story of "Corruption" is set six months after the events of "". It follows Samus Aran as she confronts the Space Pirates, who have launched an attack on the Galactic Federation naval base on Norion. While fending off a Space Pirate assault, Samus and her fellow bounty hunters are infected with Phazon by her doppelgänger Dark Samus. After losing contact with the other hunters, the Federation sends Samus on a mission to determine what happened to them. During the course of the game, Samus works to prevent the Phazon from spreading from planet to planet while being slowly corrupted by the Phazon herself.

title: Cuticle (hair)

text: The hair cuticle is the outermost part of the hair shaft. It is formed from dead cells, overlapping in layers, which form scales that strengthen and protect the hair shaft. Although the cuticle is the outermost layer of the hair, it does not give the hair its color because it has no melanin, which is the pigment responsible; the color of a person's hair depends on what type of melanin they have, which is found in the cortex.

title: Metroid: Other M

text: Before "Other M"s development, Sakamoto did not think too much about "what kind of person Samus Aran was and how she thinks and her personality", particularly because the games tried to depict Samus as a mysterious person. Sakamoto and Team Ninja put much focus on backstory in the game to present Samus as an "appealing human character", something important for future installments, as players would get further interest in Samus' adventures. Hayashi said that one of the development team's goals was to have the player "connect with Samus as the story and action develops". Sakamoto also said the game would "bring everyone up to the same level of understanding in the Metroid universe", and would not only introduce the series to new players but also create new challenges for fans. The chronological setting between "Super Metroid" and "Metroid Fusion" was chosen because Sakamoto considered the period "so critical that without addressing it, we wouldn't be able to make new games that show Samus' adventures that take place after the events of "Metroid Fusion"".

title: Human hair color

text: Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin. Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter. Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person. Particular hair colors are often associated with ethnic groups, while gray or white hair is associated with age.

title: Hair coloring

text: The final color of each strand of hair will depend on its original color and porosity. Because hair's color and porosity across the head and along the length of a hair strand, there will be subtle variations in shade across the entire head. This gives a more natural-looking result than the solid, all over color of a permanent color. Because gray or white hairs have a different starting color than other hair, they will not appear as the same shade as the rest of the hair when treated with semi-permanent color. If there are only a few grey/white hairs, the effect will usually be enough for them to blend in, but as the gray spreads, there will come a point where it will not be disguised as well. In this case, the move to permanent color can sometimes be delayed by using the semi-permanent as a base and adding highlights.

title: Hot roots

text: The first way that hot roots can occur involves two separate color applications. Once permanent hair color is applied and subsequent hair growth occurs, the roots of the affected hair can, and usually do, exhibit a noticeably different color from the ends. To equalize the color of the roots and the ends, another artificial color can be applied to this new growth. This is what is called a "color touch-up." If this touch-up color is lighter and/or warmer than the original color applied, the roots can appear warmer, creating hot roots. This will happen even if the touch-up color is applied from root to end because, as mentioned above, the newly applied artificial color will "not" lighten the artificial color already present on the ends, as it does the natural color at the roots.

title: Toupée

text: While toupée dealers attempt to match the toupée's color to the natural hair color of the wearer, sometimes the colors are not identical. This color mismatch is often exacerbated when a toupée is poorly cared for and fades, or the wearer's hair color turns gray while the toupée retains its original color. However a good salon will take this into account and will have the expertise to handle any problems. New technology has allowed hair manufacturers to mimic human hair, overcoming many of the weaknesses of human hair.

title: Human hair color

text: Two types of pigment give hair its color: eumelanin and pheomelanin. Pheomelanin colors hair orange and red. All humans have some pheomelanin in their hair. Eumelanin, which has two subtypes of black or brown, determines the darkness of the hair color. A low concentration of brown eumelanin results in blond hair, whereas a higher concentration of brown eumelanin results in brown hair. High amounts of black eumelanin result in black hair, while low concentrations result in white hair.

title: Hair (musical)

text:
"Hair" came with blue jeans, comfortable clothing, colors, beautiful colors, sounds, movement. ... And you can go to AT&T and see a secretary today, and she's got on blue jeans. ... You can go anywhere you want, and what "Hair" did, it is still doing "twenty years later". ... A kind of emancipation, a spiritual emancipation that came from [O'Horgan's] staging. ... "Hair" until this date has influenced every single thing that you see on Broadway, off-Broadway, off-off-Broadway, anywhere in the world, you will see elements of the experimental techniques that "Hair" brought not just to Broadway, but to the entire world.Notes
Bibliography

title: Hair highlighting

text: Hair highlighting/lowlighting is changing a person's hair color, using lightener or haircolor to color hair strands. There are four basic types of highlights: foil highlights, hair painting, frosting, and chunking. Highlights can be done in natural or unnatural colors. Color highlights come in four categories: temporary, semi-permanent, demi-permanent and permanent. Hair lightened with bleach or permanent color will be permanent until new growth begins to growth. Highlighted hair will make the hair appear fuller. Therefore, it is recommended on people with thin and fine hair. It also recommended for people with at least 50 % gray for easy blending and to diminish the line of demarcation once the new growth is showing.

title: Hair dye stripping

text: Hair dye stripping is a chemical process involving the application of a sulfur-based product to hair in order to remove deposited color. Hair dye strippers raise sulfite levels to make hair more porous and reverse the oxidation of color molecules. This breaks the bonds dyes form between one another and the hair shaft that were formed by oxidizing small hair color intermediates, shrinking the molecules and allowing hair color to be washed out of the hair. Because of the chemical nature of hair dye strippers, they are effective on both newly dyed hair and older dye.

title: Hair coloring

text: Hair coloring, or hair dyeing, is the practice of changing the hair color. The main reasons for this are cosmetic: to cover gray or white hair, to change to a color regarded as more fashionable or desirable, or to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching.

title: Rose Nylund

text: Rose's hair color is debated from time to time. She claims it is her natural color, but several characters comment that it is a result of cheap hair dye. In one episode, Rose claims that she never lies, but abruptly leaves the room when Dorothy asks what her natural hair color is. On another occasion, Sophia remarks that Rose is known as a dumb blonde. Another time, while Blanche is discussing her hair's "natural hue", Rose says, "To be perfectly honest, I use a touch of peroxide." Rose's confession is irrelevant to the conversation and is immediately followed by an irritated Dorothy shouting, "Oh, shut up, Rose!"

title: Characters in the Metroid series

text: Metroid Prime and its alternate form Dark Samus is the main antagonist of the "Prime" subseries. It is a strange, black-carapaced, red-eyed creature with a humanoid face within its shell and the ability to control and horribly mutate anything it attaches to. Metroid Prime appears in "Metroid Prime" as the final boss, and after its defeat, reforms itself by stealing Samus' Phazon Suit to become Dark Samus, a black-colored doppelgänger of Samus.

title: Titian hair

text: The term Titian is sometimes misapplied to auburn hair. While Titian hair is a brownish shade of red hair, auburn hair is a brownish shade of hair encompassing the actual color red. Most definitions of Titian hair describe it as a brownish-orange color, but some describe it as being reddish. This is in reference to red hair itself, not the color red.


query: What is the capital of Wyoming?

title: Cheyenne, Wyoming

text: Cheyenne (/ʃaɪˈæn/ shy-AN or /ʃaɪˈɛn/) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Wyoming and the county seat of Laramie County.[7] It is the principal city of the Cheyenne, Wyoming, Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Laramie County. The population was 59,466 at the 2010 census.[8] Cheyenne is the northern terminus of the extensive and fast-growing Front Range Urban Corridor that stretches from Cheyenne to Pueblo, Colorado which has a population of 4,333,742 according to the 2010 United States Census.[3][9] Cheyenne is situated on Crow Creek and Dry Creek. The Cheyenne, Wyoming Metropolitan Area had a 2010 population of 91,738, making it the 354th-most populous metropolitan area in the United States.

title: List of Wyoming locations by per capita income

text:
Note: Data is from the 2010 United States Census Data and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.
1 Moose Wilson Road, Wyoming $71,291
2 Teton Village, Wyoming $66,928
3 Wilson, Wyoming $65,489
4 Slater, Wyoming $44,985
5 Alta, Wyoming $40,680
6 Riverside, Wyoming $40,276
7 McKinnon, Wyoming $37,833
8 Casper Mountain, Wyoming $35,866
9 Powder River, Wyoming $32,782
10 Hoback, Wyoming $32,753
11 South Park, Wyoming $32,458
12 Sweeney Ranch, Wyoming $31,000
13 Bedford, Wyoming $29,976
14 Centennial, Wyoming $29,477
15 Turnerville, Wyoming $29,456
16 Arrowhead Springs, Wyoming $28,972
17 Star Valley Ranch, Wyoming $28,635
18 Rafter J Ranch, Wyoming $28,078
19 Airport Road, Wyoming $27,891
20 Alcova, Wyoming $27,432
21 Carter, Wyoming $27,229
22 Ranchettes, Wyoming $27,134
23 Red Butte, Wyoming $26,751
24 Woods Landing-Jelm, Wyoming $26,248
25 Vista West, Wyoming $25,846
26 Jackson, Wyoming $25,004
27 Osage, Wyoming $24,974
28 Bessemer Bend, Wyoming $24,971
29 Antelope Valley-Crestview, Wyoming $24,628
30 Hill View Heights, Wyoming $24,424
31 Garland, Wyoming $24,333
32 Saratoga, Wyoming $23,376
33 Brookhurst, Wyoming $23,219
34 Big Horn, Wyoming $23,217
35 Meadow Acres, Wyoming $23,023
36 Alpine Northwest, Wyoming $22,948
37 Sinclair, Wyoming $22,384
38 Washakie Ten, Wyoming $22,384
39 Ralston, Wyoming $22,320
40 Rolling Hills, Wyoming $21,767
41 Diamondville, Wyoming $21,696
42 Kemmerer, Wyoming $21,478
43 Alpine, Wyoming $21,223
44 Daniel, Wyoming $21,213
45 Point of Rocks, Wyoming $21,050
46 Pine Haven, Wyoming $21,014
47 Chugcreek, Wyoming $20,940
48 Cora, Wyoming $20,831
49 Baggs, Wyoming $20,812
50 Sleepy Hollow, Wyoming $20,781
51 Grand Encampment, Wyoming $20,632
52 Pinedale, Wyoming $20,441
53 Green River, Wyoming $20,398
54 Hyattville, Wyoming $20,324
55 Lakeview North, Wyoming $20,245
56 Wright, Wyoming $20,126
57 Jeffrey City, Wyoming $20,061
58 Story, Wyoming $20,053
59 Bairoil, Wyoming $20,030
60 North Rock Springs, Wyoming $20,029
61 Lucerne, Wyoming $19,998
62 Cheyenne, Wyoming $19,809
63 Gillette, Wyoming $19,749
64 Alpine Northeast, Wyoming $19,712
65 Bondurant, Wyoming $19,432
66 Casper, Wyoming $19,409
67 Rock Springs, Wyoming $19,396
68 West River, Wyoming $19,238
69 Kirby, Wyoming $19,137
70 Wheatland, Wyoming $19,069
71 Buffalo, Wyoming $19,054
72 Mountain View, Wyoming $18,945
73 Wamsutter, Wyoming $18,943
74 La Barge, Wyoming $18,837
75 James Town, Wyoming $18,708
76 Washam, Wyoming $18,583
77 Sheridan, Wyoming $18,500
78 Marbleton, Wyoming $18,446
79 Crowheart, Wyoming $18,434
80 Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming $18,426
81 Eden, Wyoming $18,392
82 Lander, Wyoming $18,389
83 Sundance, Wyoming $18,300
84 Lyman, Wyoming $17,966
85 Basin, Wyoming $17,890
86 Rawlins, Wyoming $17,887
87 Cody, Wyoming $17,813
88 Pavillion, Wyoming $17,790
89 Granger, Wyoming $17,764
90 Van Tassell, Wyoming $17,686
91 Big Piney, Wyoming $17,647
92 Douglas, Wyoming $17,634
93 Clearview Acres, Wyoming $17,507
94 Robertson, Wyoming $17,432
95 Etna, Wyoming $17,423
96 Winchester, Wyoming $17,274
97 Worland, Wyoming $17,208
98 Meadow Lark Lake, Wyoming $17,167
99 Superior, Wyoming $17,157
100 Glenrock, Wyoming $17,088

title: Dan Zwonitzer

text: Dan Zwonitzer (born October 30, 1979) is a Republican Party member of the Wyoming House of Representatives from District 43, which comprises south-central Laramie County and includes southeastern portion of the capital city of Cheyenne, Wyoming.

title: Interstate 80 in Wyoming

text: Interstate 80 (I-80) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from San Francisco to Teaneck, New Jersey. In Wyoming, the Interstate Highway runs from the Utah state line near Evanston east to the Nebraska state line in Pine Bluffs. I-80 connects Cheyenne, Wyoming's capital and largest city, with several smaller cities along the southern tier of Wyoming, including Evanston, Green River, Rock Springs, Rawlins, and Laramie. The highway also connects those cities with Salt Lake City to the west and Omaha to the east. In Cheyenne, I-80 intersects I-25 and has Wyoming's only auxiliary Interstate, I-180. The Interstate runs concurrently with U.S. Route 30 (US 30) for most of their courses in Wyoming. I-80 also has shorter concurrencies with US 189 near Evanston, US 191 near Rock Springs, and US 287 and Wyoming Highway 789 (WYO 789) near Rawlins. The Interstate has business loops through all six cities along its course as well as a loop serving Fort Bridger and Lyman east of Evanston.

title: Wyoming Highway 320

text: Wyoming Highway 320 was originally designated in Fremont County along what is now "Wyoming Highway 789" between Lander and Shoshoni between 1939 and 1950. It was originally US 320 between 1926 and 1938 but in 1939 was recommissioned as "Wyoming Highway 320". In 1940, when US 287 and Wyoming Highway 287 were rerouted, Wyoming 320 was extended southwest to Lander. WYO 320 maintained this until 1950, when US 26 was commissioned. WYO 320 lasted until 1954, when Wyoming Highway 789 was commissioned, thereby replacing it.

title: Seal of Wyoming

text: The state seal is displayed in stained glass in the ceilings of both the Wyoming's House of Representatives Chamber and the Wyoming Senate Chamber in the state capital. The seal is also incorporated into the design of the state flag, which prominently features the seal set against the silhouette of an American Bison.

title: Greybull Capital

text: New Era of Wyoming, USA owns The Greybull Field oil well in Greybull, Wyoming.

title: Nebraska Territory

text: The Territory of Nebraska was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854, until March 1, 1867, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Nebraska. The Nebraska Territory was created by the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. The territorial capital was Omaha. The territory encompassed areas of what is today Nebraska, Wyoming, South Dakota, North Dakota, Colorado, and Montana.

title: Rock Springs massacre

text: Throughout the 1870s, the Chinese population in Sweetwater County and all of Wyoming steadily increased. During the decade, Wyoming's total population rose from 9,118 to 20,789. In the 1870 U.S. Census, what the government today calls "Asian and Pacific Islanders" represented 143 members of the population of Wyoming. The increase during the 1870s was the largest percentage increase in the Asian population of Wyoming of any decade since; the increase represented a 539% jump in the Asian population. By 1880, most Chinese residents in Sweetwater County lived in Rock Springs. At that time, Wyoming was home to 914 "Asians"; that number fell significantly during the 1880s to 465.

text:
101 Calpet, Wyoming $17,067
102 Albany, Wyoming $17,046
103 Westview Circle, Wyoming $16,782
104 Evanston, Wyoming $16,725
105 Riverton, Wyoming $16,720
106 Fort Bridger, Wyoming $16,662
107 Thermopolis, Wyoming $16,648
108 Kaycee, Wyoming $16,584
109 Lingle, Wyoming $16,559
110 Homa Hills, Wyoming $16,516
111 Moorcroft, Wyoming $16,476
112 Medicine Bow, Wyoming $16,420
113 Purple Sage, Wyoming $16,394
114 Dayton, Wyoming $16,389
115 Oakley, Wyoming $16,311
116 Afton, Wyoming $16,177
117 The Buttes, Wyoming $16,154
118 Farson, Wyoming $16,140
119 Hanna, Wyoming $16,062
120 Laramie, Wyoming $16,036
121 Torrington, Wyoming $16,026
122 Owl Creek, Wyoming $15,975
123 Dixon, Wyoming $15,950
124 Esterbrook, Wyoming $15,918
125 Lusk, Wyoming $15,847
126 Ten Sleep, Wyoming $15,761
127 Atlantic City, Wyoming $15,756
128 Grover, Wyoming $15,687
129 Dubois, Wyoming $15,657
130 Pine Bluffs, Wyoming $15,525
131 Hudson, Wyoming $15,515
132 Burns, Wyoming $15,460
133 Ranchester, Wyoming $15,421
134 Greybull, Wyoming $15,383
135 Newcastle, Wyoming $15,378
136 Reliance, Wyoming $15,222
137 Upton, Wyoming $15,165
138 Yoder, Wyoming $15,161
139 Fox Farm-College, Wyoming $15,099
140 Bar Nunn, Wyoming $15,045
141 Cowley, Wyoming $14,964
142 Guernsey, Wyoming $14,897
143 South Flat, Wyoming $14,693
144 Frannie, Wyoming $14,541
145 Glendo, Wyoming $14,529
146 Powell, Wyoming $14,518
147 Antelope Hills, Wyoming $14,464
148 Elk Mountain, Wyoming $14,463
149 Lance Creek, Wyoming $14,419
150 Opal, Wyoming $14,355
151 Edgerton, Wyoming $14,332
152 Deaver, Wyoming $14,134
153 Mills, Wyoming $14,103
154 Parkman, Wyoming $14,075
155 South Greeley, Wyoming $13,925
156 Boulder Flats, Wyoming $13,888
157 Lovell, Wyoming $13,722
158 Arvada, Wyoming $13,500
159 Fort Laramie, Wyoming $13,236
160 Albin, Wyoming $13,174
161 Burlington, Wyoming $13,129
162 Clearmont, Wyoming $12,901
163 Cokeville, Wyoming $12,900
164 Midwest, Wyoming $12,891
165 Taylor, Wyoming $12,836
166 Table Rock, Wyoming $12,775
167 Shoshoni, Wyoming $12,584
168 Hulett, Wyoming $12,582
169 Hartrandt, Wyoming $12,340
170 Y-O Ranch, Wyoming $12,188
171 Hartville, Wyoming $12,116
172 Meeteetse, Wyoming $12,030
173 Smoot, Wyoming $12,005
174 Byron, Wyoming $11,931
175 Mountain View, Wyoming $11,754
176 Evansville, Wyoming $11,657
177 Rock River, Wyoming $11,602
178 Manville, Wyoming $11,386
179 East Thermopolis, Wyoming $11,280
180 Manderson, Wyoming $11,143
181 Chugwater, Wyoming $10,609
182 Johnstown, Wyoming $10,521
183 Thayne, Wyoming $10,248
184 Auburn, Wyoming $9,932
185 Mc Nutt, Wyoming $9,887
186 Huntley, Wyoming $9,688
187 Hawk Springs, Wyoming $9,600
188 Arapahoe, Wyoming $8,943
189 Lonetree, Wyoming $8,788
190 Fairview, Wyoming $8,322
191 La Grange, Wyoming $8,056
192 Boulder, Wyoming $7,908
193 Fort Washakie, Wyoming $7,700
194 Little America, Wyoming $7,407
195 Ethete, Wyoming $7,129

title: Capital punishment in Wyoming

text: Death row for men is located at the Wyoming State Penitentiary in Rawlins, and the location for women is at the Wyoming Women's Center in Lusk. , only one person is on death row, and the death sentence is being challenged.

title: Wyoming

text: As of 2015, Wyoming had an estimated population of 586,107, which was an increase of 1,954, or 0.29%, from the prior year and an increase of 22,481, or 3.99%, since the 2010 census. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 12,165 people (that is 33,704 births minus 21,539 deaths) and an increase from net migration of 4,035 people into the state. Immigration resulted in a net increase of 2,264 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 1,771 people. In 2004, the foreign-born population was 11,000 (2.2%). In 2005, total births in Wyoming numbered 7,231 (birth rate of 14.04 per thousand). Sparsely populated, Wyoming is the least populous state of the United States. Wyoming has the second-lowest population density, behind Alaska. It is one of only two states with a smaller population than the nation's capital, Washington, D.C. (the other state is Vermont).

title: Wyoming toad

text: Wyoming toads are found in western states like Wyoming; they are likely to be found in wet, damp areas and in or around lakes. In 1987, a single population of the toads was found in Albany County, Wyoming (hence the species name). The toads were collected for reproduction and researchers canvassed the area to collect any more toads they could find. Researchers took the few surviving hatched eggs they had and reintroduced them back into Wyoming lakes. Unfortunately, there is chytrid fungus present in lakes; this fungus is known for killing amphibians, and is a significant contributing factor in the high mortality of the Wyoming toad. The revival of these toads are dependent on annual supplementation and being captured for reproduction. However, Wyoming toads are becoming harder and harder to find in their habitat. In 1992, the governor of Wyoming created the Albany County Wyoming Toad Task Force in order to protect the Wyoming toad. The committee started taking toads into captivity for reproduction, but the group and the reproduction plans were only in the works for two years. After the group discontinued, the IUCN stepped in to save the toad. The IUCN ran field studies, captive breeding plans, and tests on what diseases the toads held that may be causing mortality. Through field notes, researchers Withers and Corn (2005) discovered that Wyoming toads tend to mature earlier than other amphibians in their surrounding habitat. The scientists discovered that the average Wyoming toad will not live to be more than one or two years old, but they still believed that the fungus was responsible for this. Although captive breeding seems like it is the logical answer for reviving the Wyoming toad population, it has its own pitfalls. Scientists who have captured species in order for them to breed have found that most captive animals do not live longer than three years, and amphibian breeding is most successful at that age. Captive breeding has not caused a significant rise in the population of Wyoming toads. Disease is one of the major reasons why Wyoming toads are highly endangered. The most common infections among the toad are bacterial and fungal infections. The toads are easily exposed to chytrid fungus and it is impossible for the toads to avoid it in their natural habitat. Scientists believe that this is the leading role in the Wyoming toad's endangerment. Another major reason for the failure of reviving the Wyoming toad population is that it is not a high priority movement; since the toad's discovery, there have been only three studies done between 1992 and 2005. Today, thanks to a 30-year collaboration between the state, federal agencies, landowners, non-profits and the University of Wyoming, there are about 1,500 Wyoming toads.

title: Interstate 25 in Wyoming

text: Interstate 25 (I-25) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from Las Cruces, New Mexico, to Buffalo, Wyoming. In Wyoming, the Interstate Highway runs from the Colorado state line near Cheyenne north to its national terminus at I-90 near Buffalo. I-25 connects Wyoming's largest city and capital, Cheyenne, with its second largest city, Casper, and the smaller communities of Wheatland, Douglas, and Buffalo. The highway also connects those cities with Denver and Billings via I-90. I-25 runs concurrently with U.S. Route 87 (US 87) for almost its entire course in Wyoming. The highway also has extensive concurrencies with US 20 and US 26 along its east–west segment through the North Platte River valley. The Interstate has business loops through Cheyenne, Chugwater, Wheatland, Douglas, Glenrock, Casper, and Buffalo.

title: Wyoming, Ohio

text: Among the earliest settlers in what is now Wyoming was the Pendery family who came in 1805.

title: Wyoming Territory

text: In 1864, with the formation of the Montana Territory, the southeastern section of the Idaho Territory (most of modern Wyoming) became briefly part of Dakota Territory once again, although a strip of land along the western border of what would become Wyoming remained part of the Idaho Territory.

title: Capital punishment in Wyoming

text: Wyoming is the only state that does not allow news reporters to be execution witnesses, allowing only people authorized by the condemned. Mark Hopkinson did not authorize any to his execution in 1992, so there were no witnesses at all.

title: Gillette, Wyoming

text: The Energy Capital Sports Complex site has four fast-pitch softball fields that can be converted for Little League baseball. The fields use Slitfilm synthetic turf with sand-rubber infill. There is a 28,000 square foot protected spectator viewing area with a grass play area. There is also a 2.4 mile recreation trail around the complex. Since the grand opening in 2015, the Energy Capital Sports Complex has hosted many tournaments including the Razor City Softball Tournament and the 2016 Wyoming ASA State Softball Tournament.

title: Jacques La Ramee

text: Jacques La Ramée (June 8, 1784 – 1821), was a French-Canadian Métis coureur des bois, frontiersman, trapper, fur trader, hunter, explorer, and mountain man who lived in what is now the U.S. state of Wyoming, having settled there in 1815. His name appears in several spellings, including La Ramee, Laramée, LaRamée, La Ramie, La Rami, La Remy, and Laramie. La Ramée is credited as an early explorer of what is now called the Laramie River of Wyoming and Colorado. The city of Laramie, Wyoming, with an Americanized spelling, was later named for him.

title: Environment of Wyoming

text: In 2010, the Wyoming Bureau of Land Management released to the public their annual report. In the annual report, they disseminate information about the natural energy and resources held in the state, many in which they mine and refine from the land and environment. The report claims Wyoming “leads the country in coal production with the 10 largest producing coal mines in the United States, providing coal to 35 states and generating nearly 40 percent of the nation’s electricity”. The report also says that the state holds about 70% of the world’s discovered bentonite supply. In addition, Wyoming also has multiple wind farm applications and 34 turbines operating on the Foote Creek Rim wind farm on BLM administered land. Even with all wind turbines, farms, and plants considered, Wyoming has only capitalized on one percent of the possible wind energy. One other resource being capitalized, Wyoming mines uranium and is accountable for nearly 31% of national production. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is reviewing four uranium plans of operation, each of which are situated at the Casper Field Office, the Rawlins Field Office, the Lander Field Office, and the Buffalo Field Office.

title: Alvin Wiederspahn

text: Alvin Laramie Wiederspahn, known as Al Wiederspahn (January 18, 1949 – October 24, 2014), was a prominent attorney in Cheyenne, Wyoming, who served for ten years as a Democrat in the Wyoming House of Representatives (1979–1984) and the Wyoming State Senate (1985–1988). He was the husband of Cynthia Lummis, a Republican politician who was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 2008, after having served as state treasurer, and like her husband, as a member of both houses of the Wyoming legislature, having represented the capital city of Cheyenne.

title: Carpenter, Wyoming

text: Carpenter is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in southeastern Laramie County, Wyoming, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 94. It lies along WYO 214 east of the city of Cheyenne, the county seat of Laramie County and capital of Wyoming. Its elevation is 5,440 feet (1,658 m). Although Carpenter is unincorporated, it has had a post office since 1907, with the ZIP code of 82054.

title: Wyoming Territory

text: The Territory of Wyoming was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 25, 1868, until July 10, 1890, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Wyoming. Cheyenne was the territorial capital. The boundaries of the Wyoming Territory were identical to the modern State of Wyoming.

title: Tie Siding, Wyoming

text: Completed in 1892, the Ivinson Mansion still exists today as the largest house in Laramie, where in 2015 it was being used as a museum. It had been Ivinson's intention to seek election in 1892, as governor of the newly created state of Wyoming, admitted to the Union in 1890, and to make his mansion the Wyoming governor's residence. He also hoped to have Laramie designated as the state capital. Ivinson did not win the gubernatorial election, however, and Cheyenne, instead of Laramie, became Wyoming's capital.

title: List of municipalities in Wyoming

text: Wyoming's largest municipality by population is the capital city Cheyenne with 59,466 residents, and the largest municipality by land area is Casper, which spans , while the smallest municipality in both categories is Lost Springs with 4 residents and an area of .

title: Laramie County, Wyoming

text: Laramie County is a county at the SE corner of the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 91,738, making it the most populous county in Wyoming, but also the least populous county in the United States to be the most populous county in a state. The county seat is Cheyenne, the state capital. The county lies west of the Nebraska state line and north of the Colorado state line.

title: Capital punishment in Wyoming

text: Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in the United States in 1976, Wyoming carried out only one execution: that of Mark Hopkinson in 1992 for ordering the murder of four people. Currently, only one person, Dale Eaton, is on Wyoming's death row, and his death sentence is currently being challenged.

title: Capital punishment in Wyoming

text: Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Wyoming.

title: Bryan Pedersen

text: Bryan K. Pedersen (born January 27, 1975) is a financial consultant with RBC Wealth Management in the capital city of Cheyenne, Wyoming, who is a Republican member of the Wyoming House of Representatives. In 2010, he won a second two-year term in District 7. Pedersen served in District 9 from 2005 to 2006. He succeed fellow Republican Wayne Harold Johnson, also of Cheyenne, who ran successfully for the Wyoming State Senate.

title: Capital punishment in Wyoming

text: Only the Governor of Wyoming may grant commutation of a death sentence. Since 1977, no commutation has been granted.