query: How large is the Elysium Planitia region of Mars?

title: Elysium Planitia

text: A 2005 photo of a locale in Elysium Planitia at 5°N, 150°E by the Mars Express spacecraft shows what may be ash-covered water ice. The volume of ice is estimated to be 800km (500mi) by 900km (560mi) in size and 45m (148ft) deep, similar in size and depth to the North Sea.[3] The ice is thought to be the remains of water floods from the Cerberus Fossae fissures about 2 to 10 million years ago. The surface of the area is broken into 'plates' like broken ice floating on a lake (see below). Impact crater counts show that the plates are up to 1 million years older than the gap material, showing that the area solidified much too slowly for the material to be basaltic lava.[4]

title: Avernus Colles

text: Avernus Colles is a region of fractured terrain on Mars on the southeast margin of Elysium Planitia, at 1.6°S, 171°E. It is fairly large, being 244 km (152 mi) in diameter. Avernus Colles can be found in the Elysium quadrangle. It was named in 1985 after a lake in Campania, Italy, which is believed by some to be an entrance to the underworld.

title: Aeolis quadrangle

text:
The Aeolis quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Aeolis quadrangle is also referred to as MC-23 (Mars Chart-23).
The Aeolis quadrangle covers 180° to 225° W and 0° to 30° south on Mars, and contains parts of the regions Elysium Planitia and Terra Cimmeria. A small part of the Medusae Fossae Formation lies in this quadrangle.

title: Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment

text: The mission launched on 5 May 2018 and landed on the surface of Mars at Elysium Planitia on 26 November 2018.

title: Athabasca Valles

text: Athabasca Valles is located within the broader Elysium Planitia region and cross-cuts a vast swath of plains land interpreted to be composed largely of flood basalts. The outflow channels of central Elysium Planitia are distinguished from those of circum-Chryse region (Kasei Valles, Ares Vallis, etc.) because they appear to emanate from volcanic fissures rather than chaos terrain. Athabasca Valles is the westernmost of the outflow channels in Elysium Planitia and the only one of the channels in this region that flows westwards. The other major outflow channels in this region are (from west to east) Grjotá Valles, Rahway Valles, and Marte Vallis. Historically, some researchers have associated the outpouring of fluid from Athabasca Valles with the downstream formations of Marte Vallis and Grjotá Valles, but this perspective fell out of favor as higher-resolution MOC data became available, allowing updated crater counts (the age dates of each valley floor are asynchronous) and geomorphic interpretations (high-permeability fresh lava rock would have caused large-scale infiltration of errant floodwaters long before reaching the other valleys' heads).

title: Phlegra Montes

text: Phlegra Montes is a system of eroded Hesperian-Amazonian-aged massifs and knobby terrain in the mid-latitudes of the northern lowlands of Mars, extending northwards from the Elysium Rise towards Vastitas Borealis for nearly . The mountain ranges separate the large plains provinces of Utopia Planitia (west) and Amazonis Planitia (east), and were named in the 1970s after a classical albedo feature. The massif terrains are flanked by numerous parallel wrinkle ridges across Phlegra Dorsa.

title: Utopia Planitia

text: Utopia Planitia (Greek and Latin: "Nowhere Land Plain"—loosely, the plain of paradise) is a large plain within Utopia, the largest recognized impact basin on Mars and in the Solar System with an estimated diameter of 3,300 km, and is the Martian region where the Viking 2 lander touched down and began exploring on September 3, 1976. It is located at the antipode of Argyre Planitia, centered at . It is in the Casius quadrangle, Amenthes quadrangle, and the Cebrenia quadrangle of Mars.

title: Phlegra Montes

text: West-east-trending valleys score the Phlegra Montes region with a strike that is coincident with the orientation of graben to the west of Phlegra Montes, suggesting that regional extensional tectonism affected this region of Mars. Graben along this trend are also present in Galaxias Chaos and into Utopia Planitia. In Phlegra Montes, some of these graben have been interpreted to host glaciers that have since given way to flow-like landforms called lineated valley fills. This is not considered a typical way for such landforms to occur on Mars. It has been proposed that the tectonic environment of these valleys was directly controlled by volcanism from the Elysium Rise. The Phlegra Dorsa, a fleet of north-south-trending wrinkle ridges, lie largely parallel to the massifs of Phlegra Montes. These ridges have been morphologically likened by some researchers to sinuous ridges found on lunar maria; they are typically distributed where volcanic flows from the Elysium Rise meet with the older terrains comprising the Phlegra Montes region. Some researchers have found that the formation of these wrinkle ridges has best fit a modeled global stress field involving contributions from the Tharsis Rise, Elysium, and Hecates Tholus (thought to precede Elysium Mons).

title: Elysium Planitia

text: The largest craters in Elysium Planitia are Eddie, Lockyer, and Tombaugh. The planitia also has river valleys—one of which, Athabasca Valles may be one of the youngest on Mars. On the north east side is an elongated depression called Orcus Patera, and this and some of the eastern plains were imaged in the 1965 Mariner 4 flyby.[2]

title: Elysium Planitia

text: Elysium Planitia, located in the Elysium and Aeolis quadrangles, is a broad plain that straddles the equator of Mars, centered at .[1] It lies to the south of the volcanic province of Elysium, the second largest volcanic region on the planet, after Tharsis. Elysium contains the major volcanoes Elysium Mons, Albor Tholus and Hecates Tholus. Another more ancient shield volcano, Apollinaris Mons, is situated just to the south of eastern Elysium Planitia.

title: Athabasca Valles

text: In 1990, Jeffrey B. Plescia of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was among the first to examine the origin of central Elysium Planitia in detail; at the time of his publication, he referred to this region informally as the "Cerberus Plains", and was the first to critically examine the hypothesis that this region was largely formed through the eruption of low-viscosity flood lavas. This hypothesis - among other volcanic-aeolian and sedimentary hypotheses - ultimately received widespread acceptance in the Martian planetary geology community. Plescia observed the outflow channels of Elysium Planitia, noting the presence of streamlined islands, but highlighted the absence of regional-scale anastomosis in its channels, distinguishing them morphologically from those of the circum-Chryse region. He speculated that the streamlined islands were indicative of a relict bedrock floor that preceded the formation of the volcanic "Cerberus Plains", and that the characteristic anastomosing channels of the Chryse channels had been buried under flood lava flows.

title: Athabasca Valles

text: David H. Scott and Mary G. Chapman of the United States Geological Survey published an examination of Elysium Planitia in 1991, including an updated geologic map of the region, proposing that Elysium Planitia was a basin that held a paleolake, interpreting the features in what they dubbed the "Elysium Basin" as sedimentary in origin.

title: Elysium Planitia

text: – zoomable map centered on Elysium Planitia, with three main volcanoes of Elysium visible by Seán Doran of overflight of an with a (1.1° S, 159.7° E)

title: Utopia Planitia

text: On November 22, 2016, NASA reported finding a large amount of underground ice in the Utopia Planitia region of Mars. The volume of water detected has been estimated to be equivalent to the volume of water in Lake Superior. ()

title: Mars landing

text: NASA's "InSight" lander"," designed to study seismology and heat flow from the deep interior of Mars, was launched on May 5, 2018. It landed successfully in Mars's Elysium Planitia on November 26, 2018.

title: Hellas Planitia

text: Hellas Planitia is antipodal to Alba Patera. It and the somewhat smaller Isidis Planitia together are roughly antipodal to the Tharsis Bulge, with its enormous shield volcanoes, while Argyre Planitia is roughly antipodal to Elysium, the other major uplifted region of shield volcanoes on Mars. Whether the shield volcanoes were caused by antipodal impacts like that which produced Hellas, or if it is mere coincidence, is unknown.

title: Outflow channels

text: Chryse Planitia is a roughly circular volcanic plain west of the Tharsis bulge and its associated volcanic systems. This region contains the most prominent and numerous outflow channels on Mars. The channels flow east or north into the plain.In this region it is particularly difficult to distinguish outflow channels from lava channels but the following features have been suggested as at least overprinted by outflow channel floods:Several channels flow either onto the plains of Amazonis and Elysium from the southern highlands, or originate at graben within the plains. This region contains some of the youngest channels. Some of these channels have rare tributaries, and they do not start at a chaos region. It has been suggested the formation mechanisms for these channels may be more variable than for those around Chryse Planitia, perhaps in some cases involving lake breaches at the surface.Several outflow channels rise in the region west of the Elysium volcanic province and flow northwestward to the Utopia Planitia. As common in the Amazonis and Elysium Planitiae regions, these channels tend to originate in graben. Some of these channels may be influenced by lahars, as indicated by their surface textures and ridged, lobate deposits at their margins and termini. The valleys of Hephaestus Fossae and Hebrus Valles are of extremely unusual form, and although sometimes claimed as outflow channels, are of enigmatic origin.Three valleys flow from east of its rim down onto the floor of the Hellas basin.It has been argued that Uzboi, Ladon, Margaritifer and Ares Valles, although now separated by large craters, once comprised a single outflow channel flowing north into Chryse Planitia. The source of this outflow has been suggested as overflow from the Argyre crater, formerly filled to the brim as a lake by channels (Surius, Dzigai, and Palacopus Valles) draining down from the south pole. If real, the full length of this drainage system would be over 8000 km, the longest known drainage path in the solar system. Under this suggestion, the extant form of the outflow channel Ares Vallis would thus be a remolding of a pre-existing structure.

title: Elysium quadrangle

text:
The name Elysium refers to a place of reward (Heaven), according to Homer in the Odyssey.
The Elysium quadrangle covers the area 180° to 225° west longitude and 0° to 30° north latitude on Mars. Elysium Planitia is in the Elysium quadrangle. The Elysium quadrangle includes a part of Lucus Planum. A small part of the Medusae Fossae Formation lies in this quadrangle. The largest craters in this quadrangle are Eddie, Lockyer, and Tombaugh. Elysium contains major volcanoes named Elysium Mons and Albor Tholus and river valleys—one of which, Athabasca Valles may be one of the youngest on Mars. On the east side is an elongated depression called Orcus Patera. A large lake may once have existed in the south near Lethe Valles and Athabasca Valles.

title: Athabasca Valles

text: Athabasca Valles is a late Amazonian-period outflow channel in the central Elysium Planitia region of Mars, located to the south of the Elysium Rise. It is part of a network of outflow channels in this region that are understood to emanate from large fissures in the Martian surface rather than the chaos terrains that source the circum-Chryse outflow channels. Athabasca Valles in particular emanates from one of the Cerberus Fossae fissures and flows downstream to the southwest, constrained to the south by a wrinkle ridge for over 100 km, before debouching into the Cerberus Palus volcanic plain. Athabasca Valles is widely understood to be the youngest outflow channel on the planet.

title: Elysium quadrangle

text: Perhaps the youngest outflow channel on Mars is Athabasca Valles. It lies 620 miles southeast of the large volcano Elysium Mons. Athabasca was formed by water that burst out of Cerberus Fossae, a set of cracks or fissures in the ground. Cerberus Fossae most likely was formed from the stress on the crust caused by the weight of both Elysium Mons and Tharsis volcanoes. Current evidence suggests that Cerberus floods probably erupted in several stages. Near the start of these channels (Cerberus Fossae), the system is called Athabasca Valles, to the south and east it is called Marte Vallis. Flow rates in Marte Vallis have been estimated at around 100 times that of the Mississippi River. Eventually, the system just seems to fade out in the plains of Amazonis Planitia.

title: Mars Exploration Program

text: InSight, launched from Earth May 5, 2018, the lander touched down on Mars November 26, 2018 on Elysium Planitia.

title: Athabasca Valles

text: Some authors have proposed that a combination of mechanisms can satisfactorily explain the origin of the Athabasca Valles system - namely, the large-scale emplacement of low-viscosity lava flows on top of pre-existing glaciers. Apart from ice interactions, this large-scale low-viscosity volcanic efflux is thought to have formed up to a third of the modern Martian surface and has been analogized to Earth's large igneous provinces (LIPs). Individual periods of volcanic activity constituting the modern Elysium Planitia region are thought to have lasted up to 1 Myr, with the rock in the vicinity of Athabasca Valles being potentially deposited on a timescale of weeks or months. Given the obliquity of Mars during this part of the Amazonian, it has been hypothesized that glaciers were likely actively accumulating in this region of Elysium Planitia at the same time as this period of volcanism.

title: List of terrae on Mars

text: The following is a list of regions on Mars given the name Terra (pl. Terrae). Most cover large, rugged areas, often including outflow channels, cratering, and "chaos terrain". They may be contrasted with the Planitia (e.g., Amazonis Planitia) and Mare (e.g., Mare Erythraeum), smoother regions of differing albedo.

title: Apollinaris Mons

text: Apollinaris Mons is an ancient shield volcano in the southern hemisphere of Mars. It is situated near the equator, south of Elysium Planitia and north of Gusev crater. Elysium Planitia separates it from the volcanic province of Elysium to its northwest. The volcano's caldera is named Apollinaris Patera; this name formerly applied to the whole edifice.

title: Amazonis Planitia

text: Amazonis Planitia is one of the smoothest plains on Mars. It is located between the Tharsis and Elysium volcanic provinces, to the west of Olympus Mons, in the Amazonis and Memnonia quadrangles, centered at . The plain's topography exhibits extremely smooth features at several different lengths of scale. A large part of the Medusae Fossae Formation lies in Amazonis Planitia.

title: Elysium Planitia

text: Fossa (geology) Geography of Mars Geology of Mars List of plains on Mars List of quadrangles on Mars

title: Athabasca Valles

text: At a 1998 NASA workshop at Ames Research Center near San Jose, California, James W. Rice and David H. Scott (of Ames and of the US Geological Survey, respectively) narrowed down 11 candidate landing sites for the now-canceled NASA Mars Surveyor mission. Elysium Planitia was one of the chosen sites, with Athabasca Valles' putative hydrothermal origin a major motivation for proposing the Elysium landing site.

title: Albor Tholus

text: Albor Tholus is an extinct volcano in the volcanic province Elysium on Mars. It lies south of the neighbouring volcanoes Elysium Mons and Hecates Tholus. Albor Tholus is 4.5 kilometres high and has a diameter of 160 km at its base. Its large caldera, having a diameter of 30 km and a depth of 3 km, is deep compared to calderas on the Earth. The elevation of the lowest level of the caldera is the same as the base of the volcano; however, the original lower slopes of Albor Tholus may have been covered by lava flows from its larger neighbor, Elysium Mons. Evaluations by the Mars probe Mars Express found that the volcanoes of the Elysium region were active over long periods.

title: Elysium Planitia

text: NASA's InSight mission landed on Elysium Planitia on November 26, 2018.[5] It took off from Earth on the 5th May 2018. The probe will study the internal structure of Mars and by so doing improve understanding of the planet's evolution. InSight Mars lander was able to take color pictures from the surface Elysium Planitia and sent them by radio signal back to Earth. During the descent sequence two additional items were jettisoned, the backshell with parachute, and heat shield, and they impacted in the vicinity of the lander.

title: Elysium (volcanic province)

text: Elysium, located in the Elysium and Cebrenia quadrangles, is the second largest volcanic region on Mars, after Tharsis. The region includes the volcanoes (from north to south) Hecates Tholus, Elysium Mons and Albor Tholus. The province is centered roughly on Elysium Mons at . Elysium Planitia is a broad plain to the south of Elysium, centered at . Another large volcano, Apollinaris Mons, lies south of Elysium Planitia and is not part of the province. Besides having large volcanoes, Elysium has several areas with long trenches, called fossa or fossae (plural) on Mars. They include the Cerberus Fossae, Elysium Fossae, Galaxias Fossae, Hephaestus Fossae, Hyblaeus Fossae, Stygis Fossae and Zephyrus Fossae.


query: Who was King Louis-Phillipe's wife?

title: Louis Philippe I

text: In 1809, Louis Philippe married Princess Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily, daughter of King Ferdinand IV of Naples and Maria Carolina of Austria. They had the following ten children:

title: Philip V of France

text: As the second son of king Philip IV, he was granted an appanage, the County of Poitiers, while his elder brother, Louis X, inherited the throne in 1314. When Louis died in 1316, he left a daughter and a pregnant wife, Clementia of Hungary. Philip the Tall successfully claimed the regency. Queen Clementia gave birth to a boy, who was proclaimed king as John I, but the infant king lived only for five days.

title: Louis, Dauphin of France (son of Louis XV)

text: Louis, Dauphin of France (4 September 1729 – 20 December 1765) was the elder and only son of King Louis XV of France and his wife, Queen Marie Leszczyńska to survive to adulthood. He had a younger brother, Philippe, who died as a toddler. As a son of the king, Louis was a "fils de France". As heir apparent, he became Dauphin of France. However, he died before ascending to the throne. Three of his sons became kings of France: Louis XVI (reign: 1774–1792), Louis XVIII (reign: 1814–1815; 1815–1824) and Charles X (reign: 1824–1830).

title: Lucienne de Rochefort

text: Lucienne de Rochefort was the daughter of Guy II of Rochefort, of the Montlhéry dynasty, and his second wife, Adelais de Crécy. In 1104, she married Louis, oldest son of King Philip I of France. The marriage was arranged to strengthen the ties between the king and her father, who had been appointed seneschal of France. Lucienne and Louis were married for three years, but did not have any children together. According to Abbot Suger of Saint-Denis, who wrote a panegyric in honour of Louis ("Vita Ludovici VI"), the marriage was not consummated. The marriage was annulled by the Council of Troyes on the grounds of consanguinity 23 May 1107, a year before Louis became king. The reason for the annulment has been the subject of speculation. One theory is that queen Bertrade de Montfort wanted to weaken Louis in order to make her own son, Philip of Mantes, more likely for succession, another was the rivalry of Lucienne's father with the Garlande family, who wished to weaken his position. After her marriage was annulled, Lucienne's father, Guy, and her brother Hugh of Crécy rebelled against Louis.

title: Phillips Ranch, Pomona, California

text: Phillips Ranch is located on land which served as part of the ranch of Louis Phillips, who in 1864 acquired the southern end of the Rancho San Jose from two businessmen who had previously bought it from Ricardo Vejar.How much the very private Phillips’s fortune grew in these years is up for debate. In 1892, a reporter for the Pomona Progress interviewed Harris Newmark, who when asked, claimed unequivocally that the unassuming Phillips was the richest man in the county:http://la.curbed.com/2017/4/6/15171016/phillips-mansion-spadra-pomona-valley-history

title: Phillip Spaulding

text:
Phillip married the love of his life, Beth Raines in 1991. Phillip's wedding to Beth is also considered to be memorable, in that it featured one of the show's most popular couples to finally say their "I do's." The couple's first dance as man and wife was to Lionel Richie's 1982 debut solo "Truly," which is also remembered as the song Phillip and Beth danced to at their high school prom where they were named king and queen. In later years, Beth had already given birth to a healthy baby girl named Lizzie Spaulding and together she and Phillip left Springfield. They were happy offscreen for quite a while and Phillip returned to Springfield in 1994 to find out who framed him for a number of criminal acts. Phillip moved on with Harley Cooper, but Beth returned. She and Phillip tried to reconnect, but eventually the marriage failed because of the time apart. They separated in 1995. Beth continued to try to separate Phillip from his attachment to Harley, but their divorce was finalized in 1997 after Beth coaxed Lizzie into trying to interfere with Phillip's newfound happiness.
At the end of the series Phillip and Beth found happiness.

title: Louis XVI furniture

text: With the death of Louis XV on May 10, 1774, his grandson Louis XVI became King of France at age twenty. The new king had little interest in the arts, but his wife, Marie-Antoinette, and her brothers-in-law, the Comte de Provence (the future Louis XVIII) and the Comte d'Artois (the future Charles X), were deeply interested in the arts, gave their protection to artists, and ordered large amounts of furniture in the neoclassical style, inspired by Greco-Roman art. They were followed by the wealthy nobles who furnished their chateaux and Paris town houses in the new style.

title: Louis I of Hungary

text: Louis married his second wife, Elizabeth, around 20 June 1353. Elizabeth was the daughter of Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia, and Stephen's wife, Elizabeth of Kuyavia. Louis and his new wife were within the prohibited degree of kinship, because Louis's mother and his wife's grandmother were cousins, but they applied for a papal dispensation only about four months after their marriage. Historian Iván Bertényi says that this haste suggests that Elizabeth, who had been living in the court of Louis's mother, was pregnant at the time of the marriage. If this theory is valid, Louis's and his wife's first child was stillborn. Their next child, Catherine, was born in 1370 and died in 1378. The next daughter, Mary, who would succeed Louis in Hungary, was born in 1371. Louis's youngest daughter, Hedwig, who was born in 1373, became queen regnant of Poland.

title: Louis II of Italy

text: Louis was born in 825, the eldest son of the Junior Emperor Lothair I and his wife Ermengarde of Tours. His father was the son of the reigning Emperor, Louis the Pious. Little is known about his early life, except that he grew up in his grandfather's court and probably developed a warm affection for the emperor, who in 839, designated his grandson as King of Italy, and let Louis (Ludovico) take up his residence in that country. The emperor Louis I died the next year, and his empire was partitioned between his sons, Louis' father, Lothair, and Louis' uncle, Louis the German. Under his father's rule, he was crowned king and co-emperor to the middle-aged Emperor Lothair I at Rome by Pope Sergius II on 15 June 844. This ceremony mirrors the crowning of Lothair I by his father, a tradition started by Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious, who were, respectively, great grandfather and grandfather of Louis II.

title: Château de Condé

text: The confiscated castle was bought in 1719 by a private secretary of King Louis XIV, whose name was Jean-François Leriget, Marquis de la Faye. He was councillor to the King and a diplomat. It was he who was in charge of finding a wife to the young King Louis XV of France.

title: Scott Phillips (writer)

text: For over a decade, Phillips has lived in St. Louis, Missouri, with his wife and daughter.

title: Margaret of Savoy, Countess of Saint-Pol

text:
Margaret of Savoy (April 1439 – 9 March 1483), also known as Marguerite de Savoie or Margherita di Savoia, was the eldest surviving daughter of Louis I, Duke of Savoy. She was the wife of Margrave John IV of Montferrat, and later the wife of Peter II of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, of Brienne, Marle, and Soissons. Margaret's numerous descendants included Mary, Queen of Scots and King Henry IV of France.
Margaret was born in April 1439 in Turin, Italy, the eldest surviving daughter and one of the nineteen children of Louis I, Duke of Savoy and Princess Anne of Cyprus. Her paternal grandparents were Amadeus VIII of Savoy, who was also the Antipope Felix V, and Mary of Burgundy. Her maternal grandparents were King Janus of Cyprus and Armenia and Charlotte de Bourbon. Her many siblings included: Amadeus IX of Savoy, who married Yolande of Valois; Philip II, Duke of Savoy, who married firstly to Marguerite de Bourbon, and secondly to Claude de Brosse; Louis of Savoy, Count of Geneva, who married Queen Charlotte of Cyprus; Charlotte of Savoy, Queen consort of King Louis XI of France; Bona of Savoy, second wife of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan; and Marie of Savoy, who married, as his second wife, Margaret's father-in-law, Louis of Luxembourg, Count of Saint- Pol, Constable of France.

title: Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine

text: Displeased with Orléans' actions, Louis-Auguste, pressured by his ambitious wife, joined in the Cellamare Conspiracy in the hope of transferring the regency to the young King Philip V of Spain, who was the uncle of the boy king Louis XV and a half nephew of du Maine. The plot was named after "Antonio del Giudice, Prince di Cellamare", the Spanish ambassador to the French court. After the conspiracy was discovered, du Maine was arrested and imprisoned in the fortress of Doullens, and his wife was exiled to Dijon.

title: Louis, Duke of Burgundy

text: Louis was born in the Palace of Versailles, the eldest son of the young 21-year-old Dauphin, Louis, who would later be called "le Grand Dauphin", and his wife, Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria. His father was the eldest son of King Louis XIV of France, by then at the height of his powers at age 44. At birth, he received the title of Duke of Burgundy ("duc de Bourgogne"). In addition, as the son of the Dauphin and grandson to the king, he was a "fils de France" and also second in the line of succession to his grandfather, King Louis XIV after his father.

title: Bourbonnais

text: In 1272, Beatrice of Burgundy (1258-1310), Lady of Bourbon, married Robert de France (1256-1318), Count of Clermont, son of king Louis IX (Saint-Louis). Thus began the long-lasting House of Bourbon, which would provide the kings of France from Henry IV to Louis-Phillipe in 1848, when France abolished its monarchy.

title: Louis III of France

text: Louis III (863/65 – 5 August 882) was the king of West Francia from 879 until his death in 882. The eldest son of king Louis the Stammerer and his first wife Ansgarde of Burgundy, he succeeded his father and ruled jointly with his younger brother Carloman II, who became sole ruler after Louis's death. Louis's short reign was marked by military success.

title: Thomas R. Phillips

text: In May 2011, Phillips and his wife privately settled a wrongful death lawsuit in which they had been accused of having permitted minors to consume alcohol at their home in Bastrop, Texas. After a party in 2009 at the Phillips residence allegedly hosted, according to the Associated Press, by their then 20-year-old son, Audrey King, a 17-year-old passenger who had been a Phillips guest, was killed in a traffic accident after leaving their home. Her parents sued; in their answer to the suit, the Phillipses said that they had no knowledge that the girl had been at their home or that minors were drinking there.

title: Louis of Cyprus

text: Louis of Savoy (; 1436–37 ; April 1482) was King of Cyprus, reigning together with and in the right of his wife, Charlotte of Cyprus. He was the second son and namesake of Louis, Duke of Savoy, and his wife Anne of Lusignan, daughter of King Janus of Cyprus. He was born in Geneva.

title: Homer G. Phillips

text: Homer Gilliam Phillips (1880–1931) was a black lawyer in St. Louis who was born in Sedalia, Missouri. Son of a Minister he was orphaned at birth and raised by his aunt. He is mostly known as a Republican political figure in St. Louis and is known for being the person who was tasked with securing $1 million to constructing a new hospital for African Americans on the city's North Side called Homer G. Phillips Hospital.

title: County of Toulouse

text: In 823, Charles the Bald ("Charles le Chauve") was born from the second wife of Louis the Pious. Soon enough, she wished to place her son in the line of succession. Louis the Pious was rather weak, and a fight started between the three sons on one side, and their father and his new wife on the other side, which eventually would lead to the total collapse of the Frankish empire. Louis the Pious was toppled from power, then re-installed, then toppled, then re-installed again. In 838 Pippin I of Aquitaine died, and Louis the Pious and his wife managed to install Charles the Bald as the new king of Aquitaine. At the Assembly of Worms in 839 the empire was re-divided: Charles the Bald was given the western part of the empire, Lothar the central and eastern part, while Louis the German was keeping only Bavaria. Pippin II of Aquitaine, the son of Pippin I, was not going to accept such a decision. He was hailed king by the Aquitanians (but not by the Basques, who by then had seceded and detached Vasconia from Aquitaine), and he resisted his grandfather. Louis the German in Bavaria also opposed his father's decision.

title: Louis IV of France

text: In 951 Louis IV fell seriously ill during a stay in Auvergne and decided to associate to the throne his eldest son and heir, the ten-year-old Lothair. During his stay, he received homage of Bishop Étienne II, brother of the viscount of Clermont. Louis IV recovered from his disease thanks to the care of his wife Gerberga, who during the reign of her husband had a key role. The royal couple had seven children, of whom only three survived infancy: Lothair, the eldest son and future King – that Flodoard cites not to be confused with the son of Louis the Pious: "Lotharius puer, filius Ludowici" (infant Lothair, son of Louis)–, Mathilde – who in 964 married King Conrad I of Burgundy – and Charles – who was invested as Duke of Lower Lorraine by his cousin Emperor Otto II in 977–.

title: Louis Marchand

text: On a domestic front things did not fare much better: he beat his wife, who successfully divorced him in 1701 with a settlement of 2,000 "livres '... qu’il a reçüe faisant partie de sa dot avec les intérêts suivant l’ordonnance du jour ...’ ." Edward Higginbottom suggests that the extended German tour was an attempt to escape his ex-wife's demands, but this is unlikely. A contemporary account by Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg (in "Historisch-kritische Beyträge zur Aufnahme der Musik", 1754–55) gives a different reason: it wasn't his ex-wife Marchand was escaping from, but the French king, whom Marchand insulted. After an unfavorable remark made by Louis XIV about Marchand's hands, the composer responded with an improper retort about the king's ears. Still another account claims that after Marchand's wife had left him, Louis XIV ordered half the composer's salary to be withheld and paid to her. Marchand, in response, broke off in the middle of a mass where he was playing and, when the king questioned him, responded, "Sire, if my wife gets half my salary, she may play half the service."

title: Phillips Mansion

text: The Phillips Mansion was built in 1875 by Louis Phillips (c. 1830 - 1900). Phillips was born Louis Galefsky to a Jewish family in Prussia (now Kempen, Poland) and moved to California in the early 1850s, changing his name to Phillips. He moved to Spadra (now part of Pomona) in 1862 and began engaging in sheep herding and cattle raising. In 1864, he purchased of the old Rancho San Jose for $30,000. In 1867, he married Esther Blake, with whom he had three sons (Charles, George and Louis, Jr.) and two daughters (Mrs. Frank George and adopted daughter, Kate Cecil). He also acquired large land holdings in other parts of the county, including the Los Angeles business district where he owned the Phillips Block on Spring Street, a block on Los Angeles Street and another on Third Street. By 1892, the "Los Angeles Times" reported that Phillips, "who lives so quietly out at Spadra, near Pomona," was "the richest man in Los Angeles County." The "Times" noted that Phillips was worth "not a dollar less than $3,000,000" and stated that, in addition to his land holdings in Los Angeles, he had a ranch that produced wool, honey and wheat.

title: Louis Phillips (rancher)

text: Phillips was born Louis Galefsky to a Jewish family in Prussia (now Kempen, Poland) and moved to California in the early 1850s, changing his name to Phillips. He moved to Spadra (now part of Pomona) in 1862 and began engaging in sheep herding and cattle raising. In 1864, Schlesinger and Tischler acquired the Rancho San Jose in a foreclosure. Phillips, who had previously been a manager on the ranch, bought out of the foreclosure.

title: Battle of Cassel (1328)

text: On 1 February 1328, Charles IV died unexpectedly. Edward III claimed the throne of France but the aristocracy favoured Philip, the son of Charles of Valois who ascended the throne as Phillip VI. The Pope urged Phillip to 'sort out' the Flemish rebels. The King re-established the rights of the Flemish aristocracy but violence erupted and some were overrun and slain by the Flemish rebels. Louis I, Count of Nevers, fled to seek help from Phillip VI.

title: Anna Josepha King

text: The Kings moved into Government House at Parramatta when Hunter departed. Mrs King was the first Governor's wife in New South Wales as Governor Phillip had left his wife in England and Governor Hunter was unmarried.

title: Joan of France, Duchess of Berry

text: Joan was born on 23 April 1464 in the castle of , a trusted supporter of her grandfather, King Charles VII of France, at Nogent-le-Roi in the County of Dreux. She was the second daughter of King Louis XI of France and of his second wife Charlotte of Savoy; her surviving siblings were King Charles VIII of France and Anne of France. Shortly after her birth, the king signed an agreement to marry her to his second cousin Louis, the Duke of Orléans, later King Louis XII of France, who was aged two at the time. Jeanne was born sickly and deformed. In "Women Saints – Lives of Faith and Courage", Kathleen Jones says that Jeanne had a hump on her back and walked with a limp, suggesting that she had curvature of the spine.

title: Adela of Champagne

text: When King Louis’ second wife, Constance of Castile, died in childbirth in 1160, King Louis was in search of another wife to bear him a son as he had no male heir as of yet. Five weeks later on November 13 1160 Adela of Champagne at the age of fifteen became King Louis’ third wife . Adela went on to give birth to Louis VII’s only male heir, Philip II of France and to the Byzantine empress Agnes.

title: Phillip Spaulding

text: Both Phillip and Rick were attracted to Beth, but Phillip backed off and continued to endure Mindy's spoiled behavior in deference to Rick's attraction to Beth. At the senior prom Rick and Beth went together, as did Mindy and Phillip but it was Phillip and Beth who were named King and Queen. Finally on the night of Mindy's 18th birthday party at the Country Club, Phillip and Beth finally confessed their true feelings for each other in the stables. However, Beth's stepfather Bradley found them and shocked Phillip by telling him the truth about his parentage: Alan and Elizabeth weren't his real parents; the Marlers were. Apparently, Alan felt his wife was too fragile to handle the fact their baby was stillborn and he bought the child Jackie was giving up. After Phillip learned the truth, he was not only furious at Justin and Alan, but also at Mindy and Rick, who both knew the truth before he did and didn't tell him. Angry and hurt, Phillip told Rick he was in love with Beth. Though he had initially rejected both his fathers, Phillip, upon learning Justin was flying out of town, tracked him down at the airport and not only forgave him for keeping his parentage a secret, but also gave his blessing for Justin and Helena to marry.

title: Louis François, Prince of Conti

text: In 1731, he married Louise Diane d'Orléans, "Mademoiselle de Chartres" (the first-cousin of his mother Louise Élisabeth, through her mother), who was the youngest daughter of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (the Régent of France during the minority of King Louis XV of France) and his wife, Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, daughter of King Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan.

title: History of Toulouse

text: In 823 Charles the Bald, Louis the Pious' son with his second wife, was born and she wished to place her son in the line of succession. Strife between his three older sons and Louis and his new wife led to the gradual collapse of the Frankish empire. In 838 Pippin I of Aquitaine died, and Louis the Pious and his wife installed Charles the Bald as king of Aquitaine. At the 839 Assembly of Worms, the empire was re-divided. Charles the Bald received the western part of the empire, Lothar the central and eastern part and Louis the German Bavaria. Pippin II of Aquitaine, son of Pippin I who was recognized as king by the Aquitanians (but not the Basques, whose Vasconia had seceded from Aquitaine), and Louis the German opposed the partitions.


query: Who created the Forgotten Realms campaign?

title: Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting

text: The Forgotten Realms Campaign Set was written by Ed Greenwood, with Jeff Grubb and Karen Martin, and illustrated by Keith Parkinson, Jeff Easley, Clyde Caldwell, and Tim Conrad.[1] Greenwood and Grubb did the design, while Grubb was responsible for the development, and Karen Martin did the editing.[2] It was published in 1987, as a boxed set which included two 96-page books (the "DM's Sourcebook of the Realms" and the "Cyclopedia of the Realms"), four large color maps, and two clear plastic hex-gridded overlays.[1]

title: Forgotten Realms Player's Guide

text: The "Forgotten Realms Player's Guide" presents the changed Forgotten Realms setting from the point of view of the adventurers exploring it. This product includes everything a player needs to create a character for a "D&D" campaign in the 4th edition Forgotten Realms setting, including new feats, new character powers, new paragon paths and epic destinies, and even the brand-new swordmage character class.

title: Forgotten Realms

text: With the release of the Dungeons & Dragons 4th Edition, the Forgotten Realms were updated again to the new rules system, featuring a very changed Realms and moving the fictional world's timeline 94 years into the future.[37][38] The Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide, released August 2008, is a 288-page book for Dungeon Masters. The Forgotten Realms Player's Guide was released the following month, and contains information for players to help create Forgotten Realms characters. An adventure, Scepter Tower of Spellgard, was also released in September 2008 and can be used in combination with the adventure in the Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide to start a Forgotten Realms campaign.[39] In 2008, the Forgotten Realms also became the setting for the RPGA's sole living campaign, Living Forgotten Realms, replacing Living Greyhawk. In 2011, the Neverwinter Campaign Setting was released.

title: List of human deities in Dungeons & Dragons

text: Ed Greenwood created Gond for his home "Dungeons & Dragons" game, inspired by the Greek deity Hephaestus. Gond first appeared within Dungeons & Dragons as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Gond is introduced as Wonderbringer, god of blacksmiths, artificers, crafts, and construction, a neutral lesser god from the plane of Concordant Opposition. Gond is described as an inventor and artisan, as well as a smith. Gond's alliances among the gods are also described: "Oghma is served by Gond on one hand, and by Milil and Deneir on the other." Gond is commonly worshipped by characters working as sages, artisans, smiths, alchemists. Gond later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"'s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Gond was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). His clergy was further detailed in "Warriors and Priests of the Realms" (1996), and "Prayers from the Faithful" (1997). His role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). Her relationships with the nonhuman deities in the Forgotten Realms was covered in "Demihuman Deities" (1998), where he was described as having assumed the aspect of the Gnome deity Nebelun in Faerûn. Gond is described as one of the good deities that celestials can serve in the supplement "Warriors of Heaven" (1999). Gond appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).

title: Selûne

text:
Selûne appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).
Selûne is one of the "Greater Gods" of the revised 4th edition Forgotten Realms pantheon. She and her clergy are detailed in both the "Forgotten Realms Player's Guide" and the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide" (2008). She remains Shar's antithesis, and it is revealed that all of Toril's lunar deities are but aspects of her. Selûne's chief commandments are to hold back evil and stop the spread of lycanthropy. A Paragon Path, the Silverstar, is open to arcane or divine players who worship Selûne. She rules her astral dominion, Gates of the Moon, from her magnificent hall, Argentil. Sune and her exarchs, as well as Tymora, have relocated to the Gates of the Moon.

title: Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting

text: The Forgotten Realms continued to be a supported campaign setting in the 4th edition of D&D. Wizards of the Coast released the Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide in August 2008, and the Forgotten Realms Player's Guide in September 2008.

text: Ed Greenwood created Deneir for his home "Dungeons & Dragons" game, set in the Forgotten Realms. Deneir first appeared within Dungeons & Dragons as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Deneir is introduced as Lord of All Glyphs and Images, god of literature and art, a neutral good demigod from the plane of the Happy Hunting Grounds. He is described as being connected to Oghma, and depicted as an old, balding sage with a flaming white beard, said to have manufactured the artifact Kuroth's Quill, and ascribed by his priests to have written most magical books and tomes. Deneir's alliances among the gods are also described: "Oghma is served by Gond on one hand, and by Milil and Deneir on the other." Deneir is commonly worshipped by magic-users, illusionists, thieves, clerics, as well as characters employed as poets, artists, scribes, and sages. Deneir later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"'s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Deneir was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). His role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). Deneir is described as one of the good deities that celestials can serve in the supplement "Warriors of Heaven" (1999). Deneir appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).

title: Loviatar (Forgotten Realms)

text: Loviatar later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"'s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987), where she is described as a pale maiden in white armour who wields a wand-shaped dagger of ice, and is stated to be the same Loviatar as the one in Finnish legend.

title: Tyr (Forgotten Realms)

text: Tyr later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Forgotten Realms Interactive Atlas

text: The Forgotten Realms Interactive Atlas was developed by ProFantasy Software, the creators of Campaign Cartographer for Wizards of the Coast, who publish the Forgotten Realms RPG setting. The developers created vector version of the published maps for the Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting and included many new maps, including a globe of the entire Forgotten Realms world, Abeir-Toril. There have been three updates published for the application that deliver over 800 maps. The maps were hyperlinked within a customised viewer, or could be accessed via an interactive globe. The product was discontinued after selling through its entire print in its first year.

title: Mystra (Forgotten Realms)

text: Mystra later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Forgotten Realms

text: Although the Realms were yet to be an official campaign world, the module H1: Bloodstone Pass, released in 1985 by TSR, is now considered to be a part of the Forgotten Realms,[16] although it wasn't until module H3 The Bloodstone Wars was released that Forgotten Realms became the official setting for the module series.[17] The first official Forgotten Realms product was Douglas Niles's Darkwalker on Moonshae, the first book in The Moonshae Trilogy, which predates the Forgotten Realms Campaign Set by one month.[18]

text: Ed Greenwood created Helm for his home "Dungeons & Dragons" game, in his Forgotten Realms world. Helm first appeared within Dungeons & Dragons as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Helm is introduced as He of the Unsleeping Eyes, the god of guardians, a lawful neutral lesser god from the plane of Nirvana. He is described as "always vigilant, watchful. He is never surprised, and anticipates most events by intelligence and observation. He can never be borne off his feet, rarely can he be tricked, and he will never betray or neglect that which he guards. In short, he is the ideal of guardians, and is worshiped so that some of his qualities will come to, or be borne out in, the worshiper." The article also notes that "In certain situations Torm and Helm will work together." Helm is commonly worshiped by lawful neutral thieves, monks, and clerics, as well as any characters employed as guards. Helm later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"'s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Helm was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). His clergy was further detailed in "Warriors and Priests of the Realms" (1996), and "Prayers from the Faithful" (1997). His role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). His relationships with the nonhuman deities in the Forgotten Realms was covered in "Demihuman Deities" (1998). Helm is described as one of the good deities that celestials can serve in the supplement "Warriors of Heaven" (1999). Helm appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).

text: Azuth was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). His role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). Azuth is described as one of the good deities that celestials can serve in the supplement "Warriors of Heaven" (1999). Azuth appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002). Azuth is mentioned as having been destroyed in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide" (2009). When Dweomerheart exploded with the death of Mystra, Azuth fell through the cosmos into the Nine Hells, where Asmodeus consumed his essence to become a fully-fledged god.

title: Shar (Forgotten Realms)

text: Shar later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Sune (Forgotten Realms)

text: Sune later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

text: Ed Greenwood created Beshaba for his home "Dungeons & Dragons" game set in the Forgotten Realms. Beshaba first appeared within "Dungeons & Dragons" as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Beshaba is introduced as the Maid of Misfortune, Black Bess, and Lady Doom; she is the goddess of mischief, misfortune, ill luck, accidents, (treachery, betrayal), a chaotic evil lesser goddess from the Abyss. She is described as "a beautiful white-haired face, laughing hysterically. Ill fortune ... falls on those who behold her. Often, sure fire plans go awry, stout weapons or walls suddenly give way, and freak accidents occur to man and beast where Beshaba has been." Beshaba later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"'s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Beshaba was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). Her clergy was further detailed in "Warriors and Priests of the Realms" (1996), and "Prayers from the Faithful" (1997). Her role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). Her relationships with the nonhuman deities in the Forgotten Realms were covered in "Demihuman Deities" (1998). Beshaba appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002). In "Baldur's Gate 2: Shadows of Amn", a mob in the Government District of Athkatla is preparing to burn Viconia, a runaway drow elf, as a sacrifice to Beshaba. This is most likely due to the mob wanting to dissuade the misfortune of a drow invasion on the city.

text: Ed Greenwood created Ilmater for his home "Dungeons & Dragons" game, created with similarities to the fictional deity Issek of the Jug, created by Fritz Leiber for the short story "Lean Times in Lankhmar". His name, though, bears a resemblance to that of "Ilmatar", the mother of Väinämöinen, from the Finnish Kalevala (and it would not be his first or only borrowing from Finnish mythology). Ilmater first appeared within Dungeons & Dragons as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Ilmater is introduced as the god of endurance, suffering, martyrdom, and perseverance, a lawful good lesser god from the plane of the Twin Paradises. He is described as having the appearance of "a broken man, with smashed hands which he constantly uses. He is the willing sufferer," and that he has the "power to manifest himself in creatures being tortured, but only if such creatures are of good alignment and have not done anything to deserve such treatment." Ilmater's role within the cosmology is also defined: "Torm and Ilmater serve Tyr, and worshippers and priests do the will of this Triad willingly." Ilmater is commonly worshipped by lawful good thieves, clerics, and characters employed as guards. Ilmater later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"'s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Ilmater was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). His clergy was further detailed in "Warriors and Priests of the Realms" (1996), and "Prayers from the Faithful" (1997). His role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). His relationships with the nonhuman deities in the Forgotten Realms was covered in "Demihuman Deities" (1998). Ilmater is described as one of the good deities that celestials can serve in the supplement "Warriors of Heaven" (1999). Ilmater appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).

title: Helm (Forgotten Realms)

text: Helm later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

text: Ed Greenwood created Chauntea for his home Dungeons & Dragons game, loosely inspired by the Greek deity Demeter. Chauntea first appeared within Dungeons & Dragons as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Chauntea is introduced as the Great Mother, goddess of agriculture, a neutral good greater goddess from the plane of Elysium. Chauntea's alliances among the gods are detailed: "Chauntea and Lathander work together, and often do so in alliance with Silvanus and his gods ... against The Gods of Fury." Chauntea is commonly worshipped by neutral good thieves and clerics, and characters working as farmers. Chauntea later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Sets "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Chauntea was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). Her clergy was further detailed in "Warriors and Priests of the Realms" (1996), and "Prayers from the Faithful" (1997). Her role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). Chantea is introduced as once having been known as Jannath"' in the ancient history of the Realms, in "Netheril: Empire of Magic" (1996). Her relationships with the nonhuman deities in the Forgotten Realms was covered in "Demihuman Deities" (1998). Chauntea is described as one of the good deities that celestials can serve in the supplement "Warriors of Heaven" (1999). Chauntea appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002). Chauntea is described in both the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide" and the "Forgotten Realms Player's Guide" for fourth edition. Her portfolio and commandments are similar to those given in previous editions.

text: Ed Greenwood created Auril for his home "Dungeons & Dragons" game set in the Forgotten Realms. Auril first appeared within Dungeons & Dragons as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Here she is described as the Frostmaiden, goddess of cold, a neutral evil demigoddess from the plane of Pandemonium with a connection to Talos. Auril is described as one of “The Gods of Fury,” which is what these four gods are known as collectively: "Talos is served by Auril, Umberlee, and Malar." Auril is commonly worshipped by neutral evil magic-users, thieves, and clerics; Greenwood notes, "If a DM is partial to variant “specialist” NPC magic-users ... A worshipper of Auril would have ice and cold-related spells doubled in power, while spells related to the other elements would be half-strength." Auril later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"'s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Auril was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). Her clergy was further detailed in "Warriors and Priests of the Realms" (1996), and "Prayers from the Faithful" (1997). Her role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). Her relationships with the nonhuman deities in the Forgotten Realms was covered in "Demihuman Deities" (1998).

title: Talos (Forgotten Realms)

text: Talos later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Chauntea

text:
Chauntea appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).
Chauntea is described in both the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide" and the "Forgotten Realms Player's Guide" for this edition. Her portfolio and commandments are similar to those given in previous editions.

title: Loviatar (Forgotten Realms)

text:
Loviatar appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).
The 4th Edition Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide provides the basic rules for Loviatar, however she is not detailed in depth.

title: Silvanus (Forgotten Realms)

text: Silvanus later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Oghma (Forgotten Realms)

text:
Oghma appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).
Oghma appears as one of the major deities (or "Greater Gods") of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Player's Guide" (2008), and is further detailed in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2008). He plays largely the same role in the setting as in previous editions, and is still associated, for the most part, with the same gods. His alignment under the new system is Unaligned.

title: Malar (Forgotten Realms)

text: Malar later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Aasimar

text: The aasimar race was expanded in the Forgotten Realms series of books. Three books in that series reference the aasimar race: "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting", "Races of Faerûn", and the "Player's Guide to Faerûn". The "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting", published June 2001, contained a synopsis of the information provided in the "Monster Manual" and includes some additional information to allow players to select aasimar as a race. "Races of Faerûn", published March 2003, explored the aasimar race in greater detail any of the previous books, describing the fictional history, society, education, and religion of the race. "Player's Guide to Faerun", published in March 2004, also added several new racial and regional feats, and included some alternative rules for creating aasimar with a character level of 1 by either "buying off" level adjustments or using the "Lesser Planetouched" racial variant. However, neither book reprinted the information from "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" book about creating playable aasimar characters in the first place.

title: Mielikki (Forgotten Realms)

text: Mielikki later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: List of Forgotten Realms modules and sourcebooks

text:
FA—Forgotten Realms Adventures are stand-alone 2nd Ed. "AD&D" modules set in "Forgotten Realms".
FM—Forgotten Realms Maztica are stand-alone 2nd Ed. "AD&D" modules set in Maztica.
FRA—Forgotten Realms Adventure, or the "Empires Adventures Trilogy", is a series of modules for use with The Horde expansion campaign for 2nd Ed. "AD&D Forgotten Realms".
FRC—Forgotten Realms Companion (or Computer) are modules related to SSI computer games and form a linked sequence.
FRE—Forgotten Realms Epic are modules loosely based on the Avatar Trilogy of "Forgotten Realms" novels.
FRM—Forgotten Realms Mission
FROA—Forgotten Realms Oriental Adventures are modules set in "Forgotten Realms" that require the Oriental Adventures hardcover.
FRQ—Forgotten Realms Quest are stand-alone modules for 2nd Ed. "AD&D" set in "Forgotten Realms".
H—The Bloodstone Pass Saga is a linked campaign series that focuses on using Battlesystem battles in Forgotten Realms "AD&D" adventures.
LC—Living City
N—Novice
OA—Oriental Adventures was originally its own campaign setting (see FROA series above), but from OA5 was incorporated into "Forgotten Realms".
FR—Forgotten Realms adventures were designed for use with 4th edition "Dungeons & Dragons" in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting.FR—Forgotten Realms are sourcebooks describing aspects of "Forgotten Realms", rather than traditional modules. FR1–6 are for 1st Ed. "AD&D", FR7–16 for 2nd Ed.
FOR-Forgotten Realms Accessories are designed for the Realms universe.
FRS—Forgotten Realms Sourcebook are 2nd Ed. "AD&D" sourcebooks for use with "Forgotten Realms".Wizards of the Coast released the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide" in August 2008, and the "Forgotten Realms Player's Guide" in September 2008.

title: Oghma (Forgotten Realms)

text: Oghma later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).


query: Where did Alan L. Hart attend college?

title: Alan L. Hart

text: Hart attended Albany College (now Lewis & Clark College), then transferred with classmate and romantic partner Eva Cushman to Stanford University for the 1911–1912 school year before going back to Albany.[5] Hart graduated from Albany College in 1912, and in 1917 obtained a doctor of medicine degree from the University of Oregon Medical Department in Portland (now Oregon Health & Science University); during this period, Hart also returned to Northern California to attend courses in the summer of 1916 at the Stanford University School of Medicine, then located in San Francisco.[6] Hart was deeply unhappy that the medical degree was issued in his female name, limiting his opportunities to use it in any future life under a male name. College records show that at least one of the senior staff was sympathetic; his graduation records were indexed internally with the suffix "(aka Robert L.), M.D.".[7] Nonetheless, Hart knew that if he presented himself as Robert, any prospective employer checking his credentials would discover the female name or find no records for him at all. After graduation he worked for a short while (presenting as a woman) at a Red Cross hospital in Philadelphia.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: 1910 The Magic of Someday (Published in the Albany College Student, January 1910 issue) A lament on the destruction of Hart's childhood dreams of freedom when he was obliged to be female; ending with hope for a future in which he, "with a heart of a man," might be happy.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: Bair, Henry. "Lucille Hart Story" and Brian Booth "Alan Hart: A Literary Footnote", in Right to Privacy Ninth Annual Lucille Hart Dinner Booklet (October 6, 1990). Bates, Tom. "Decades ago, an Oregon Doctor Tried to Define Gender"" The Oregonian (July 14, 1996). Koskovich, Gerard. "Gay at Stanford: Past, Present and Future" (panel discussion sponsored by the Stanford Historical Society at Stanford University, Dec. 3, 2009). Koskovich was one of three presenters; his talk mentions Hart as a forebear of the transgender rights movement. A podcast of the panel is available on the .

title: Alan L. Hart

text: Alan L. Hart (October 4, 1890– July 1, 1962) was an American physician, radiologist, tuberculosis researcher, writer and novelist. He was in 1917–18 one of the first trans men to undergo hysterectomy and gonadectomy in the United States, and lived the rest of his life as a man. He pioneered the use of x-ray photography in tuberculosis detection, and helped implement TB screening programs that saved thousands of lives.[1]

title: Alan L. Hart

text: 1909 The American 'Martha' (Published in the Albany College Student, December 1909 issue) A critical take on the fate of women obliged to be housewives, and raising their daughters to the same destiny. The piece quoted the Bible and reflected a concern for women's rights.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: 1911 An Idyll of a Country Childhood (Published in "The Takenah" (Albany College Yearbook) 1911) By now Hart's habits of male dress outside school were well-known, and this story frankly described his early life and its freedom to dress and live as a boy.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: Against Katz's claims, others like Jillian Todd Weiss have asserted that Hart experienced himself as a man from early childhood, identifying transphobia and "blatant disregard for transgender identities" in the claim that Hart was 'really' a woman.[30] Hart's widow refused interviews to Katz, offended by his categorization of her husband (and by extension, herself) as lesbian.[31]

title: Alan L. Hart

text: In Oregon, Hart suffered an early blow when a former medical school classmate outed him as transgender, forcing Hart and his wife to move. Hart found the experience traumatic and again consulted Gilbert, who wrote that Hart had suffered from "the hounding process ... which our modern social organization can carry on to such perfection and refinement.". Hart set up a new practice in remote Huntley, Montana, writing later that he "did operations in barns and houses...('til) the crash of the autumn of 1920 wiped out most of the Montana farmers and stockmen, and me along with them". He then took itinerant work, until in 1921, on a written recommendation from noted doctor Harriet J. Lawrence (decorated by President Wilson for developing a flu vaccine), he secured a post as staff physician at Albuquerque Sanatorium.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: The relocations, financial insecurity, and secrecy placed strain on Hart's marriage, and Inez left him in September 1923. She ordered him to have no further contact with her, and divorced him in 1925. The same year Hart married his second wife, Edna Ruddick; the union lasted until the end of Hart's life. In 1925 Hart moved to the Trudeau School of Tuberculosis in New York, where he also carried out postgraduate work; he spent 1926–1928 as a clinician at the Rockford TB sanatorium in Illinois. In 1928 Hart obtained a master's degree in Radiology from the University of Pennsylvania; he was in 1929 appointed Director of Radiology at Tacoma General Hospital. During the 1930s the couple moved to Idaho, where Hart worked during the 1930s and early 1940s; his work also took him to Washington, where he held a research fellowship as a roentgenologist in Spokane. During the war Hart was also a medical adviser at the Army Recruiting and Induction headquarters in Seattle, while Edna worked for the King County Welfare Department in the same city.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: 1908 Frankfort Center (Published in the Albany High School Whirlwind) For an assignment to write about female college members and sporting activities, Hart described the ambiguously-named "Frances", a prize boxer and basketball player.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: These short stories were collected in The Life and Career of Alberta Lucille/Dr. Alan L. Hart, with collected early writings, by Brian Booth.[21]

title: H. L. A. Hart

text: During World War II, Hart worked with MI5, a division of British military intelligence concerned with unearthing spies who had penetrated Britain, where he renewed Oxford friendships including working with the philosophers Gilbert Ryle and Stuart Hampshire. He worked closely with Dick White, later head of MI5 and then of MI6. Hart worked at Bletchley Park and was a colleague of the mathematician and codebreaker Alan Turing.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: 1909 'Ma' on the Football Hero (Published in the Albany College Student, December 1909 issue) Hart questions "what would his mother would say if he were to be a rough and tough College football hero?"

title: Alan L. Gropman

text: Gropman attended Boston University, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1959. He was awarded a Master of Arts degree from that institution in 1970. As an Air Force officer, he attended Air Command and Staff College in 1972 and then Air War College in 1978, where he was a distinguished graduate. In between those two professional military education schools, he earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree in history from Tufts University, completing that degree program in 1975. He later attended the National War College, receiving his diploma in 1982.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: 1909 To the Faculty (Published in the Albany College Student, March 1909 issue) A call for student rebellion and statement of the need of students to be taken seriously. The work discusses doves spreading their wings and flying, reflecting Hart's sense of confinement while forced to live as a sedate young woman.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: Booth, Brian. The Life and Career of Alberta Lucille/Dr. Alan L. Hart with Collected Early Writings. Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR. 1999. Koskovich, Gerard. "Private Lives, Public Struggles," Stanford, Vol. 21, No. 2 (June 1993). A compilation of Hart's college writings from the Lewis & Clark College Special Collections, accompanied by an overview and timeline of Hart's life by Brian Booth: from Lewis and Clark College.

title: Alvin N. Hart

text:
Alvin Hart was born in Cornwall, Connecticut, on February 11, 1804, the youngest son of Revolutionary War veteran Captain Elias Hart and Philomela Burnham.
He lived on the family farm until the age of fifteen and was educated in an academy in Sharon, Connecticut, and then attended Amherst College, but did not graduate.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: After Hart's death his wife acted on his wish to establish a fund for research into leukaemia, from which his mother had died. The interest on his estate is donated annually to the Alan L. and Edna Ruddick Hart Fund, which makes grants for research into leukaemia and its cure.

title: Hubbard L. Hart

text: In 1895, Hubbard Hart died as a result of a fall from a trolley car in Atlanta, Georgia, where he was attending a business meeting. Hart Lines was taken over by his brother-in-law and remained operating into the 1920s, when automobile travel rendered it obsolete.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: Hart died of heart failure on July 1, 1962. The terms of his will directed his body be cremated and his ashes scattered over Puget Sound where he and Edna had spent many happy summers together.

title: H. L. A. Hart

text: Hart did not return to his legal practice after the War, preferring instead to accept the offer of a teaching fellowship (in philosophy, not Law) at New College, Oxford. Hart cites J. L. Austin as particularly influential during this time. The two jointly taught from 1948 a seminar on 'Legal and Moral Responsibility'. Among Hart's publications at this time were the essays 'A Logician's Fairytale', 'Is There Knowledge by Acquaintance?', 'Law and Fact' and 'The Ascription of Responsibility and Rights'.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: Alan Lucille Hart was born October 4, 1890, in Halls Summit, Coffey County, Kansas, to Albert L. Hart and Edna Hart (née Bamford). When his father died of typhoid fever in 1892, his mother reverted to her maiden name and moved the family to Linn County, Oregon, where she cared for her own mother during a period of sickness. When Hart was five years old his mother remarried, to Bill Barton, and the family moved to Edna's father's farm. Hart wrote later, in 1911, of his happiness during this time, when he was free to present as male, playing with boys' toys made for him by his grandfather. His parents and grandparents largely accepted and supported his gender expression, though his mother described his "desire to be a boy" as "foolish." His grandparents' obituaries, from 1921 and 1924, both list Hart as a grandson.[2] When Hart was 12 the family moved to Albany. There Hart was obliged to present as female to attend school, where he was treated as a girl. He continued to spend the holidays at his grandfather's farm, presenting as male among his male friends, "teasing the girls and playing boy's games".[3] According to a reminiscence piece in the Halls Summit News of June 10, 1921, "Young Hart was different, even then. Boys' clothes just felt natural. [Alan] always regarded [him]self as a boy and begged [his] family to cut [his] hair and let [him] wear trousers. [Alan] disliked dolls but enjoyed playing doctor. [He] hated traditional girl tasks, preferring farm work with the menfolk instead. The self reliance that became a lifelong trait was evident early: once when [he] accidentally chopped off [his] fingertip with an axe, [Alan] dressed it [him]self, saying nothing about it to the family."[4]

title: Austin L. Wahrhaftig

text: Wahrhaftig was born in Sacramento, California where he attended grade school, high school, and two years at Sacramento Junior College. He attended the University of California, Berkeley where he did undergraduate research with Joel Hildebrand and received an A.B. in chemistry in 1938.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: Scholarship on Hart's life has disagreed bitterly on whether he should be characterised as transgender, or lesbian, while activists and advocates for various groups have claimed Hart as a representative.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: 1909 My Irish Colleen (Published anonymously in the Albany College Student, March 1909 issue) A love poem, presented as the work of an anonymous male student about an Irish girl. It was reprinted in his college yearbook in 1911, under his female name, outing his crush on Eva Cushman.

title: David Hart (actor)

text: Hart was raised primarily by his mother, Jeanette Lassiter Anderson, in Panama City, Florida. He attended local schools. His father, Lloyd Hart Jr., encouraged him to attend Chipola Jr. College (now Chipola College) after seeing him perform in "You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown", produced at Rutherford High School in Panama City. Hart was given an acting scholarship to go to the college in Marianna, Florida.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: In 2002 the Aubrey Watzek Library at Lewis & Clark College ran an exhibition on Hart's life and early writings, titled "The Lives Of Men": A Literary Glimpse at the Life of Alberta Lucille Hart/Dr. Alan L. Hart, a title drawing on one of Hart's novels. The exhibition's run was extended by nearly a month in light of unexpectedly high interest. In 1994, the story of Alberta Lucille Hart and Eva Cushman's attendance at Stanford University, along with a brief description of their subsequent lives, was included in the historical exhibition "Coming to Terms: Passionate Friendship to Gay Liberation on the Farm" at Cecil H. Green Library at Stanford. The exhibition was curated by independent scholar Gerard Koskovich; it ran from July through October 1994 and was the subject of a feature article in the Stanford Daily.[34] Note that "the farm" in the exhibition title is a nickname for the Stanford campus. Hart and Cushman's story also was featured in a second historical exhibition at Stanford University: "Creating Queer Space at Stanford: Pages From a Student Scrapbook," which was on display in April and May 2004 in the second floor lobby of Tresidder Memorial Union on the Stanford campus. The exhibition was curated by independent scholar Gerard Koskovich, with Stanford undergraduate Hunter Hargraves serving as associate curator.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: 1910 The National Triune (Published in the Albany College Student, February 1910 issue) Published as the work of "Lucille Hart", the story condemns contemporary politic scandals and the injustice of sexism, and sets out Hart's ideas about the character of a true and respectable man.

title: Alan L. Hart

text: In 1948, after Hart obtained a master's degree in public health from Yale, the couple moved to Connecticut, where Hart had been appointed Director of Hospitalization and Rehabilitation for the Connecticut State Tuberculosis Commission. The couple lived for the rest of their lives in West Hartford, Connecticut, where Edna became a professor at the University of Hartford. After the Second World War synthetic testosterone became available in the US, and for the first time Hart was able to grow a beard and shave. He also developed a deeper voice, making him more confident and his public appearances easier.[8]

title: Alan L. Hart

text: Jonathan Ned Katz, who in Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. (1976) first identified Hart as the pseudonymous "H" in Joseph Gilbert's 1920s case notes, described Hart as a lesbian and depicted his case as one where contemporary strictures against lesbianism were so strong that a 'woman' like Hart had to adopt a male identity to pursue love affairs with women.[27] Katz contended again in his 1983 Gay/Lesbian Almanac: A New Documentary that Hart was "clearly a lesbian, a woman-loving woman", but has since said he would not make such claims today.[1][28][29]


query: Can you tour the Beacham Theatre?

title: Beacham Theatre

text: In 1975 Larry and Sherry Carpenter purchased the Beacham Building from then-owners, Betty Rubles Bray, and Burkett H. Bray Jr. A great-granddaughter of Braxton Beacham, Mrs. Bray, refused to sell the theater by itself without also selling the rest of the building as a package.[9] An extensive $250,000 remodeling and restoration followed that included stunning multi-colored Art Deco revival style graphics painted over the facade and a large multi-story mural of a saxophone and its open case painted on the rear of the theater that faced west and was clearly visible from nearby Interstate 4. Following the restoration the Carpenters opened Orlando's franchise location of The Great Southern Music Hall at the Beacham in 1976.[13] The 700-seat Great Southern Music Hall was a concert venue that hosted approximately 180 prominent national and regional acts at the Beacham. The Great Southern Music Hall was occasionally still used as a movie theater that presented world cinema and classic Hollywood films by film directors such as John Carpenter, Federico Fellini, and Mel Brooks during the week. John Lawson was the acting projectionist and served as stage director for concerts. As The Great Southern Music Hall, only about seven music shows were unprofitable. Nevertheless, Orlando's Great Southern Music Hall closed in 1981 due to the rising costs of hosting concerts for notable musical acts and competition from larger venues.[5][9][11]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: Inside "Late Night" at the Beacham was always very dark and the auditorium was absolutely filthy. In contrast, initially the scene's "vibe" was pure and drugs such as MDMA that were available were relatively unadulterated. As time went on, the beloved Beacham was beautified and remodeled into Dekko's. While the Beacham itself was cleaned up, the overall "vibe" of Orlando's scene seemed to darken somewhat just as the quality of club drugs that were still available during that time became tainted.[54]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: The Beacham Theatre is a cinema built in 1921 by Braxton Beacham Sr. in the city of Orlando, Florida. The current address of the theater is 46 North Orange Avenue, and it is located at the southwest corner of Orange Avenue and Washington Street. The building's current lack of impressive architecture is offset by its significant cultural history.[1][2][3][4] The Beacham Theatre was considered an important contributing structure when the Downtown Orlando historic district was created in 1980 and the building was granted local landmark status in 1987.[5]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: Manager Harry Vincent started several promotions at the Beacham Theatre in the summer months of the mid-1920s that included Bank Night, Amateur Night, and Country Store Night, which was supported by dozens of local merchants. An advertisement for the Beacham in 1925 says, "Don't talk about the hot weather. Beat the heat in a Beacham seat. 'Kum Keep Kumfy Kool at the Beacham' is known to many and you won't enjoy yourself until you too get into the line that leads to comfort."[25]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: On December 9, 1921, Orlando's premier vaudeville and movie house opened by showing The Wonderful Thing, starring Norma Talmadge, a Pathé News newsreel, and Buster Keaton's The Boat.[7][24] The Beacham Theatre was originally the only independent theater in Orlando.[18] However, the next year, in 1922, Beacham leased his theater to Mack Sparks of the Sparks Theater Company chain.[10][13]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: The late nights at the Beacham featured DJs, beat matching, rare and obscure dance music on vinyl records, intelligent lighting, and themed decor that at times included original paintings by local artist Rollo. The popularity of dancing throughout the night at the Beacham Theatre initially caught on slowly and many free passes were given out. Soon, the entry queue for "Late Night" snaked around the block.

title: Beacham Theatre

text: Beacham's Building is divided into seven rental units using wood frame, brick walls, different facades, and paint. The theater is the south-most unit. The two-story Beacham Theatre was constructed in 1921 in a simple 20th Century Commercial Style. The structure is constructed of reinforced concrete and brick with stucco out-surface. Utilization of wood in the construction was minimized.[18]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: Orlando's Chamber of Commerce held open forum meetings at the Beacham Theatre on Sundays during the winter months of 1971-1973 under the direction of W. F. Blackman.[21]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: In 2011 leases for the Beacham Theatre were renewed by John SanFelippo and George Maltezos, along with Gerard Mitchell and Michael McRaney, who leased the adjacent unit. Their partnership is named 46/54 North Orange Ave, LLC, and both units are leased from building owners Margaret Casscells and Frank Hamby, of Beacham Theater, LLC.

title: Beacham Theatre

text: The final all-night Aahz-themed events (The Return of Aahz) were held at the Beacham between September 7, 1991, and July 4, 1992, and lasted until Dekko's opened. However, "Aahz" was the theme that really stuck with patrons and among participants is still used as a nickname for "Late Night" reunion tour events and even for the Beacham Theatre itself.[54] "Lift" night soon commenced in the Beacham Building's north-most unit, then called Barbarella's. The Beacham Building's north-most corner unit was once called Beach Club where Kimball Collins was resident DJ in the mid-1980s.[60] "Late Night" in the Beacham Theatre returned when Unity presented "Welcome (Back) to Late Night" on October 30, 1993. "Late Night's" Reunion at the Beacham was then initiated at Dekko's.

title: Beacham Theatre

text: In May 1989 the Beacham Theatre was sold by Oscar Juarez for $1.8 million to a property management firm owned by Longwood businesswoman Missy Casscells and her husband Frank Hamby.[48]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: The Live Entertainment era currently continues on stages at both The Beacham and partner The Social. Prominent national and international musical acts perform with fidelity to the countless shows by numerous acts that have previously held performances in the Beacham Theatre from the mid-1970s through the early-1990s.

title: Beacham Theatre

text: Roberta Branch Beacham died in 1980.

title: Beacham Theatre

text: The Beacham's "exploitation director" Frank H. Burns often designed and created large elaborate standing displays that decorated the facade and lobby of the theater in order to advertise new film features.[26] The iconic displays that Burns created for the Beacham Theatre were sometimes complete with coordinated costumes for the employees.

title: Beacham Theatre

text: In 1987 Brad Belletto and then-wife Lisa moved to Orlando from Louisiana. Brad Belletto, then owned a theatrical equipment manufacturing company and had formerly owned Moon Sound, a New Orleans sound and lighting company. The Bellettos, intent on overhauling the music scene in Orlando, were looking for a new venue following operation of a successful club in Baton Rouge. They found the Beacham Theatre and immediately fell in love with it. At that time, the Beacham was being subleased to Clark J, a local record producer, and a brief partnership was formed.

title: Beacham Theatre

text: Following an effort to "bring back the aesthetics of the old Beacham Theatre," in 2000 owners restored the Beacham's ornate plaster ceiling moldings, facade, and marquee. In addition, the sloping theater floor was made level and the stage was elevated. The original Beacham Theatre sign is awaiting restoration and is being stored on the roof.[82]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: Interest in silent films began to diminish in 1929 and they were gradually phased out and moved into obsolescence. On Thursday evenings at the Beacham for the Bank Night promotion, $200 was raffled with prizes of $50. On Saturday, December 24, 1931, and on Wednesday, September 28, 1932, a brand new $325 Austin 7 Sport Roadster was given away. Vaudeville acts continued touring at the Beacham for several more years until approximately 1933. Homer Fuller served as manager of the Beacham during the end of the eras of silent films and vaudeville.

title: Beacham Theatre

text: The Aahz Reunion Tour launched in 1998 and as of 2016, reunions of Aahz "Late Night" occur nearly biannually and are frequently held in the Beacham Theatre.[54][58][50] "Late Night" reunions, however, now end promptly before 2:30a.m.

title: Beacham Theatre

text: Other short-lasting entities followed such as a tourist-oriented laser tag business. The Orlando Sentinel critic Howard Means, reminded readers, that the 1965 installation of "then-new Cinerama equipment at the Beacham was the latest testimony to the faith in the future of Downtown Orlando" and that, "The Beacham had long been seen as a bellwether of the health of the center city." Upon further reflection, he lamented, "that the Beacham is simply a microcosm of modern downtown realities." Means editorialized, by 1982 "The present state of the Beacham was the latest testament to decay," and, "In the way of dying enterprises, the Beacham's reincarnations became increasingly more short-lived."[13]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: The Beacham's auditorium features "square columns adorned with feathered capitals that climb gracefully to a high ceiling decorated with rectangles of intricate plasterwork."[1] When constructed, the theater was outfitted with draperies that covered the plaster walls. The draperies had "mild tan figures delicately woven into the broad white field with an occasional soft blue figure" that were selected by Mrs. Roberta Holland Beacham, wife of Braxton Beacham Sr.[18]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: The Beacham website offers the following synopsis:[86]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: By 1992 the future looked brighter for the Beacham Theatre when Mike Berry, staff writer, for The Orlando Sentinel wrote that, "The Beacham Theatre is the latest testament to reincarnation." Concerts were no longer being held in the auditorium during this time period and the Beacham Theatre was used exclusively as night club through 2010.

title: Beacham Theatre

text: After an extensive remodel, CinemaScope equipment was introduced at the "New" Beacham Theatre in 1954 with the addition of stereophonic sound, new projection lenses, and a wider screen.[32] CinemaScope had its debut at the Beacham on January 7, 1954, for a two-week showing of the film The Robe.[33] Vernon D. Hunter retired after 20 years as manager of the Beacham Theater. Walther Colby became the executive director of several Orlando theaters including the Beacham.[21]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: Late in 1988 the lease for the Beacham's theater was secured by the Bellettos under Entertainment Investments International.[45][46] Several of Lisa's cousins relocated to Orlando to help out with the task of preparing the Beacham for its opening and Brad's mother Bev tended the bar through the entire duration of the lease. The Bellettos also hosted an annual full-service Christmas dinner for hundreds of the city's homeless population at the Beacham Theatre with food donated by Orlando's high-end restaurants and businesses.[46]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: The Beacham, as it is currently named, has since been used as a series of concert venues and nightclubs thus saving it from demolition. The Beacham Theatre was once home to the late-night underground discotheque Aahz that is recognized internationally as a birthplace and critical component of the electronic dance music movement.

title: Beacham Theatre

text: The Beacham Theatre was granted local historic landmark status on September 21, 1987, for its historical significance to the community.[2] Between each new identity for the theater and the occasional concert, the Beacham Theatre sat unoccupied and empty.[42]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: Professional wrestlers Rob Van Dam, Masato Tanaka, Rhyno, Super Crazy, The Dupps, Yoshihiro Tajiri, Tommy Dreamer, and Simon Diamond had a match in the Beacham Theatre.

title: Beacham Theatre

text: In August 1937 the Orlando Police Department raided the Beacham Theatre. All of the equipment for the Bank Night marketing promotion was seized after authorities declared it to be a lottery.[5][7][21]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: The Beacham Theatre was constructed in 1921 by Braxton Beacham Sr., who had previously owned three other Orlando theaters[6] and had served as Mayor of Orlando during 1907.[5] In 1917 Beacham paid approximately $17,500–$20,000 for the property one block southwest of his stately residence on Jefferson Street after Orlando's citizens voted to pave the road to the cemetery instead of purchasing the old jail.[7] The property he purchased had formerly served as the jail for Orange County since about 1873.[8] With a $200,000 investment, the former jail building was torn down in 1919 and Beacham developed a series of connected building units along the west side of Orange Avenue between Washington Street and Oak Street (now Wall Street). The new building was then known as "Beacham's Block" and is now known the Beacham Building. The location of Beacham's theater was precisely where several condemned prisoners were executed by hanging.[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] According to local folklore, the Beacham Building is reportedly haunted.[13][15][16][17]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: The senior Braxton Beacham died in 1924 after a long illness, and Roberta Holland Beacham died soon after in 1926. Their estate and real property were left to their children, Norma K. Hughes, Roberta Augusta Rogers, Braxton Beacham Jr., and his wife Roberta Branch Beacham.[21]

title: Beacham Theatre

text: Braxton Beacham Jr., died in 1961.