query: What was the brontosaurs' name in The Land Before Time?

title: List of The Land Before Time characters

text: Littlefoot has been referred to by several species names throughout the series. In the first film he is called a Brontosaurus on the home video packaging and by numerous media outlets.[5][6][7] He was also called a Brachiosaurus on the later-released VHS clamshell case and Rotten Tomatoes UK.[8] He is now listed as an Apatosaurus the official website[9] and in modern incarnations of the series.[1]

title: St Michael's Church, Michaelston-le-Pit

text: The church was known by a variety of names over time: "Michaelstowe" and "Michaelstown", which changed with the name of the land owner. In the 16th century it was called Michaelston le Pole, as the De la Pole family owned the manor before 1493. The present name is likely taken from le Peyt; the le Peyt family owned the land before selling it to the Reignys.

title: McVeytown, Pennsylvania

text: Samuel, Adam, John and William Holliday, and his two sisters, Elizabeth and Nancy, the latter of which would become the wife of Andrew Bratton, emigrated to the U.S. about 1745 and located on the “manor” of Lancaster County. They moved later to moved to Conococheague in what is now Franklin County, and John removed to Path Valley, where he lived and died. Adam and William took up land at Hollidaysburg, and it was from him that the borough took its name. In early 1775, Samuel Holliday and Andrew Bratton, just after the New Purchase of the Indians, went out into that region in search for land to settle. After they made a decision on the land, they went to the land-office, at the time located in Philadelphia, and in 1775 received their warrants. Bratton was in what is now Bratton Township, and Holliday at what is now McVeytown and vicinity.

title: Rices Landing, Pennsylvania

text: In 1786, John Rice purchased land on the east side of Enoch's Run, and at about the same time, Abijah McClain purchased land on the west side. John Rice named the community he built "Rices Landing", while Abijah McClain called his settlement "Newport". In 1801, Benjamin Franklin mapped out the area and combined the two communities under the name "Rices Landing". Enoch's Run was renamed "Swan Run" before it eventually took the name it holds today, Pumpkin Run.

title: Tecmo Super Hockey

text: Mega Fun magazine rated the game 39%, calling the game poorly programmed and the movement "like brontosaurs over the ice".

text: The Land Before Time III: The Time of the Great Giving is a 1995 direct-to-video animated adventure musical film directed by Roy Allen Smith. It is the second sequel to "The Land Before Time" and the third film in the film franchise.

title: List of north–south roads in Toronto

text:
Conlins Road was named for the Conlins family, prominent for their gravel company located in Highland Creek.
Coxwell Avenue is named after Charles Coxwell Small, clerk of Upper Canada's Privy Council and a resident of the Berkeley House. The stretch between the intersections with both sections of Gerrard Street features shops that cater to Toronto's Indian and Pakistani communities.
Don Mills Road, known by various names over time including The Mill Road and the Don Independent Road, is named for the many saw and grist mills that established near the Forks of the Don in the early 19th century. At the time the road began at Winchester Street and Parliament Street and crossed the Don River at Riverdale Park. The road rose onto the table lands along what is now the entrance to the northbound Don Valley Parkway and followed Broadview north and O'Connor east before joining with the present-day Don Mills Road. The road ended at the Mills for a time, until farmers to the north on the land between the river valleys opened a new road to provide an easier route to carry their yields to the St. Lawrence Market. The new road cut through established parcels of land, and came to be known as the Don Independent Road. This road extended as far north as York Mills Road.

title: Utopian Community of Modern Times

text: Steven Pearl Andrews met Josiah Warren in 1851 in New York City. Andrews was a lawyer and an abolitionist. He had varied interests that ranged from American Shorthand to being conversant with over 30 languages. Andrews was so fascinated by Warren’s ideas that he wrote a book about them in order to give them a wider audience. In 1851 they decided to start their experimental village of Modern Times located in what is now in what is now Brentwood. Warren and Andrews sold the land at cost to the new settlers with the stipulation that the buyers had to wait at least five years before they could sell the land at a market price. Sales before that time had to be at cost.

title: The Land Before Time (franchise)

text: The series has spawned 14 spin-off games, eight for PC, one for the Game Boy Color, two for the Game Boy Advance and three for the original PlayStation, but none for the Macintosh. The PC games are usually educational games aimed for preschool and kindergarten. Games for the Game Boy Color and Advance include "The Land Before Time" and "The Land Before Time: Into the Mysterious Beyond", in which the original six characters must search for Chomper. Games for the PlayStation include "The Land Before Time: Big Water Adventure", a spin-off of "Journey to Big Water", "The Land Before Time: Great Valley Racing Adventure" and "The Land Before Time: Return to the Great Valley".

title: List of The Land Before Time characters

text: Grandma and Grandpa Longneck appear in all of the Land Before Time films, and in many episodes of the TV series. Their names have never been given: all the characters address them by title, or by the species name of "Longneck," including by each other; modifying this, Bron appears as their son-in-law, wherefore he identifies them as "Papa and Mama Longneck."

title: Sooners

text: Sooners is the name given to settlers who entered the Unassigned Lands in what is now the state of Oklahoma before the official start of the Land Rush of 1889. President Benjamin Harrison officially proclaimed the Unassigned Lands open to settlement on April 22, 1889. As people lined up around the borders of the Oklahoma District, they waited for the official opening. It was not until noon that it officially was opened to settlement. The name derived from the "sooner clause" of "Proclamation 288 — Opening to Settlement Certain Lands in the Indian Territory", which stated that anyone who entered and occupied the land prior to the opening time would be denied the right to claim land.

title: List of The Land Before Time characters

text: Chomper's parents are featured in Chomper's first two film appearances. They are sexually dimorphic, with Chomper's father being dark green and his mother having an olive green color. They are very protective of their son, as when they invade the Great Valley to search for his egg in The Land Before Time II: The Great Valley Adventure, and fighting to protect him in The Land Before Time V: The Mysterious Island. Although the two initially treat the protagonists as prey, they promise to spare them, as a reward for rescuing Chomper. They are unique among Sharpteeth as the audience is shown what they are saying via subtitles.

title: Walton War

text: The Orphan Strip is the name given to a small, twelve-mile-wide strip of land bordering North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia in what is currently Transylvania County, North Carolina. This piece of land was given the name because none of its bordering states accepted to govern it, and for a period of time it was considered no-man's land. South Carolina initially governed the land, but it was ceded to the federal government after the American Revolution, in 1787. In turn, the federal government gave the land to the Cherokee of the area, who gave it back to the federal government in 1798. At this time, the land was not under the direct control of any state, and settlers with land grants from South Carolina or North Carolina began to settle there.

title: Dopey (Land of the Lost)

text: After harvesting a patch of giant strawberries, Will and Holly find a baby apatosaur (or "brontosaur"). Together they name the dinosaur "Dopey". When Holly offers Dopey a strawberry, the apatosaur begins to chase after them and ends up stuck between two trees. It begins yowling and attracts the attention of numerous dinosaurs around the jungle, including the tyrannosaur Grumpy. Will and Holly run, assuming that Dopey will be eaten. They return later to fetch their wagonload of strawberries, and soon find themselves followed by Dopey, who has survived. Rick agrees to let Dopey stay with them at the bluff.

title: Diplodocus

text: (Translation: ... But even a much older gent • Sees itself forced to wander • He goes by the name "Diplodocus" • And belongs among the fossils • Mr. Carnegie packs him joyfully • Into giant arks • And sends him as gift • To several monarchs ...) "Le diplodocus" became a generic term for sauropods in French, much as "brontosaur" is in English.

title: Gordon Gostelow

text: In the 1980 episode of Nova "It's About Time", Gostelow, as St. Augustine, appears from the past to game contestant Dudley Moore when Moore is stumped by the question of what happened before the beginning of time. St. Augustine remarks, "What was God doing before He created Heaven and Earth? (and time)... If God was doing anything, He was perhaps devising punishments for people who pry into mysteries." He points out to Moore the absurdity of using the concept of 'before' "to frame a question about the one event in the universe to which it is inappropriate, namely the beginning of time."

title: Granville, Jamaica

text: What became known as ‘The Free Village System’ resulted from the first named Sligoville, and similar villages were established throughout the island, most of them by ministers of religion, who supplied land to the ex-slaves who had never owned land before.

title: Dana A. Dorsey

text: Dana Anderson Dorsey is often described as Miami's first Black millionaire. Through his constant reinvesting of his rental income into building more rental property, he was able to be the key player in providing for a new library that would be named after him. With that rental income, Dorsey was able to invest in the land, and at one time owned 21 acres of what is now Fisher Island near Miami Beach. Just fifteen days before his death, Dorsey donated the land on which the library was to be constructed.

title: Sinclair Oil Corporation

text: At the Chicago World's Fair of 1933–1934, Sinclair sponsored a dinosaur exhibit meant to play on the link between the formation of petroleum deposits and the time of dinosaurs, now a largely discredited misconception. The exhibit included a two-ton animated model of a brontosaurus. The exhibit proved so popular it inspired a promotional line of rubber brontosaurs at Sinclair stations, complete with wiggling heads and tails, and the eventual inclusion of the brontosaur logo. Later, inflatable dinosaurs were given as promotional items, and an anthropomorphic version appeared as a service-station attendant in advertisements. Some locations have a life-size model of the mascot straddling the building's entrance.

title: Sifton Bog

text: Prior to 1967 the wetland was called "Byron Bog", having been at that time within the boundaries of the village of Byron, but it was renamed following the donation of the land by the "Sifton Construction Company". However, it had undergone a series of name changes before this time also, being variously named Foster's Bog and Redmond's Bog in the 1880s, after the occupants of the land at that time, and Spruce Bog in the 1890s. The name Byron Bog was used by the 1920s, but no record exists of its Native American name.

title: Women of Colonial Virginia

text: In May of 1607 one hundred men and young boys were on an expedition that landed them in what is now known as Virginia. They became the first permanent English settles in America. They named the colony of Jamestown after the English KingJames.The site was chosen precisely for its location and beneficial factors. Jamestown was surrounded by water on three sides of the land; this made it easily accessible for ships to come and go. It was far enough inland which made it easier to defend from a possible Spanish attack. Lastly, the land was not currently being inhabited by the natives. At the time it was said that the men had to be able to create a living before any women could be a part of the colony.

title: Keansburg, New Jersey

text:
On September 3, 1609, the "Half Moon", captained by Henry Hudson, is said to have landed on the shores of present-day Keansburg (although some historians argue that the landing and forthcoming explained events took place at the tip of Sandy Hook). Crewmen of the ship were attacked by the Native Americans when they departed the ship, and John Colman was killed, making him what is said to be the first European to be felled by a Native American arrow. He is believed to have been buried in the area that is today the intersection of Carr Avenue and Beachway in an area known as "Colman's Point".
In the time between 1609 and the early 18th century, the land was gradually purchased from the Lenni Lenape with other surrounding areas. The area was inhabited by Dutch, English, and Scottish settlers. In the 18th century, farming proved to be successful on Keansburg's land, with specialties being pears, apples and corn (maize).
In this time, the settlement took on the name of Waackaack (pronounced "Way-kay-ack"), which came from the term "Wakioak" in the Lenape language meaning "Land of Plenty". The area was also widely known as Tanner's Landing from the early 18th century until approximately 1820, so named for the pier at the end of what was Tanner's Landing Road (now Main Street). Tanner's Landing was a principal port for the area for many years.

title: History of Pocklington

text: It was some time before 650 AD that Pocklington gained its current name, meaning "farmstead belonging to Pocela's people". It is not known what name Pocklington was known by before that date.

text: The Land Before Time IX: Journey to Big Water is a 2002 direct-to-video animated adventure musical film and the ninth film in "The Land Before Time" series. It was produced and directed by Charles Grosvenor. This is also the last film to use the soundtrack composed by James Horner. During the year this was released, Universal brought back on DVD, for the first time, two of the previous "Land Before Time" films; "" and "".

title: Florida, Massachusetts

text: The area was originally settled as part of the Equivalent Lands (specifically, the "Berkshire Equivalent"). Most of what is now Florida was originally a grant to the town of Bernardston, Massachusetts made sometime before 1771. The first settler, Dr. Daniel Nelson, arrived around 1783. The town was incorporated in 1805 and named "Florida", perhaps because Spanish Florida was a topic of conversation at the time.

title: Oxford, Michigan

text:
During the early 19th century the northeast Oakland County area was largely avoided by the early settlers because it was believed to be nothing but impenetrable swamp land. The area was, at that time, nicknamed "The Barren Plains of Oxford." It was called this primarily because of a report made in 1812 by the U.S. Surveyor General that described the area as a poor, barren, sandy land, on which scarcely any vegetation could grow with the exception of some very small scrubby oaks. It was concluded in the surveyors' report that there was one acre out of one hundred that appeared to be eligible for cultivation. Any hope for crop production was thought to be preposterous. At this point, the area was deemed worthless, and discouragement of any hope for development by forthcoming settlers was inevitable.
Purchase of public land in what is now called Oxford was in 1823 by a man named Elbridge G. Deming. Soon after, the first person to settle in Oxford was a wolf trapper named Avery Brown. He made use of the land and gave some credibility to its value. It wasn't long after that the first area post office was officially established in what was then known as Demingsburgh on May 2, 1834. Five years later, the name was officially changed to Oxford on January 15, 1839. Elbridge D. Deming was the first postmaster for Oxford, as the post office was located in his log home near the intersection of M-24 and Metamora Road. At that time, the mail was brought from Rochester once a week by a man named Mr. Hubbard who walked the distance to ensure, what was at that time, considered as prompt delivery of the mail. A few years later the delivery time was drastically cut by another man named Mr. Rose. The route was given to him as he would use his horse and cart instead of walking like his predecessor, thus expediting the delivery time tenfold.

title: List of The Land Before Time characters

text: Guido, voiced by Rob Paulsen, is a teal dinosaur who first appears in The Land Before Time XII: The Great Day of the Flyers. He is convinced that he's the only one of his kind, having never seen another of his kind before. His origins are unknown, as he apparently has no idea what he is or where he came from. Though he tries to fly, he can only glide for a brief period of time. He reappears in the TV episode "The Hermit of Black Rock", in which he and Petrie meet an old blind purple Harpactognathus named Swooper (voiced by Jess Harnell), and learns to fly properly. He often appears neurotic or panicky at times, and easily confused.

title: Endwell, New York

text: Hooper was part of the town of Union in Broome County and first appears on a map in the early 1850s as a depot of the newly constructed Erie Railroad at the intersection of what is now Hooper Road and the Norfolk Southern Railway. (The original site of Hooper is now underneath the overpass carrying Hooper Road over the railroad tracks and State Route 17C.) The main road along the north bank of the Susquehanna River, existing since colonial times and long before as an Indian trail, passed just to the south. It was common practice at the time to name depots for landowners who donated or leased land to the railroad to construct a depot, and this is where the name "Hooper" came from.

title: Vancouver Expedition

text: On 29 September they landed in Australia, at what Vancouver promptly named King George the Third's Sound. They quickly surveyed the south coast of Australia and landed at Dusky Sound, New Zealand on 2 November for resupplying and botanizing, before departing on 21 November. The ships proceeding separately, both discovered the sub-Antarctic Snares Islands (23 November) which Vancouver considered a severe shipping hazard (hence, the name). En route to Tahiti, the crew of "Chatham" furthermore discovered the Chatham Islands before reaching the Polynesian island on 26 November; "Discovery" arrived three days later.

title: List of The Land Before Time characters

text: Four voiced by Frank Welker appear near the end of The Land Before Time III: The Time of the Great Giving. One appears in The Land Before Time V: The Mysterious Island. A "Plated Sharptooth" appears in The Land Before Time V: The Mysterious Island. A "Browridge Sharptooth" (voiced by Danny Mann) appears in The Land Before Time VI: The Secret of Saurus Rock One appears in climax of the sixth film. One appears in The Land Before Time VIII: The Big Freeze wandering around the landscape during a blizzard. A "Sharptooth Swimmer" appears in The Land Before Time IX: Journey to Big Water. One appears in The Land Before Time X: The Great Longneck Migration. Three appear in The Land Before Time X: The Great Longneck Migration. Two appear in The Land Before Time XI: Invasion of the Tinysauruses. One appears in The Land Before Time XII: The Great Day of the Flyers. Four appear in The Land Before Time XIII: The Wisdom of Friends, led by a purple-brown one with a scar running over its jaw. A mother appears in the episode "The Great Egg Adventure". A pair of featherheaded ones appear in The Land Before Time XIV: Journey of the Brave. A "Horned Sharptooth" appears in Journey of the Brave.

title: Richard Swann Lull

text: In 1899 Lull worked as a member of the American Museum of Natural History's expedition to Bone Cabin Quarry, Wyoming, helping to collect that museum's brontosaur skeleton. In 1902 he again joined an American Museum team in Montana, then studied under Columbia University Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn. In 1903 he received his Ph.D. from Columbia University, and in 1906, after a brief time at Amherst, was named Assistant Professor of Vertebrate Paleontology in Yale College and Associate Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at the Peabody Museum of Natural History. He stayed at Yale for the next 50 years. In 1933 Lull was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal from the National Academy of Sciences.


query: What has Fancy Bear done?

title: Fancy Bear

text: Likely operating since the mid-2000s, Fancy Bear's methods are consistent with the capabilities of state actors. The group targets government, military, and security organizations, especially Transcaucasian and NATO-aligned states. Fancy Bear is thought to be responsible for cyber attacks on the German parliament, the French television station TV5Monde, the White House, NATO, the Democratic National Committee, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the campaign of French presidential candidate Emmanuel Macron.[11]

title: Fancy Bear

text: Fancy Bear employs advanced methods consistent with the capabilities of state actors.[82] They use spear phishing emails, malware drop websites disguised as news sources, and zero-day vulnerabilities. One cybersecurity research group noted their use of no less than six different zero-day exploits in 2015, a considerable technical feat that would require large numbers of programmers seeking out previously unknown vulnerabilities in top of the line commercial software. This is a sign that Fancy Bear is a state-run program and not a gang or a lone hacker.[83][84]

title: Fancy Bear

text: Fancy Bear also seems to try to influence political events in order for friends or allies of the Russian government to gain power.

title: Fancy Bear

text: Fancy Bear is classified by Fireeye as an advanced persistent threat.[9] Among other things, it uses zero-day exploits, spear phishing and malware to compromise targets.

title: Fancy Bear

text: One of Fancy Bear's preferred targets is web-based email services. A typical compromise will consist of web-based email users receiving an email urgently requesting that they change their passwords to avoid being hacked. The email will contain a link to a spoof website that is designed to mimic a real webmail interface, users will attempt to login and their credentials will be stolen. The URL is often obscured as a shortened bit.ly link[85] in order to get past spam filters. Fancy Bear sends these phishing emails primarily on Mondays and Fridays. They also send emails purportedly containing links to news items, but instead linking to malware drop sites that install toolkits onto the target's computer.[83] Fancy Bear also registers domains that resemble legitimate websites, then create a spoof of the site to steal credentials from their victims.[60] Fancy Bear has been known to relay its command traffic through proxy networks of victims that it has previously compromised.[86]

title: Fancy Bear

text: On June 14, CrowdStrike released a report publicizing the DNC hack and identifying Fancy Bear as the culprits. An online persona, Guccifer 2.0, then appeared, claiming sole credit for the breach.[60]

title: Gwyneth Paltrow

text: In 2009, Paltrow narrated the audiobook "The Brown Bear & Friends" by Bill Martin Jr., the first of a series of children's audiobooks that she narrated. "The Brown Bear & Friends" audiobook earned Paltrow a Grammy Award nomination for Best Spoken Word Album for Children. Since, she has also narrated Bill Martin's "Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?", "Baby Bear, Baby Bear, What Do You See?", "Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See?", and "Polar Bear, Polar Bear, What Do You Hear?".

title: Fancy Bear

text: Fancy Bear's targets have included Eastern European governments and militaries, the country of Georgia and the Caucasus, Ukraine,[20] security-related organizations such as NATO, as well as US defense contractors Academi (formerly known as Blackwater), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC),[21] Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and Raytheon.[20] Fancy Bear has also attacked citizens of the Russian Federation that are political enemies of the Kremlin, including former oil tycoon Mikhail Khodorkovsky, and Maria Alekhina of the band Pussy Riot.[20] SecureWorks, a cybersecurity firm headquartered in the United States, concluded that from March 2015 to May 2016, the "Fancy Bear" target list included not merely the United States Democratic National Committee, but tens of thousands of foes of Putin and the Kremlin in the United States, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, and Syria. Only a handful of Republicans were targeted, however.[22] An AP analysis of 4,700 email accounts that had been attacked by Fancy Bear concluded that no country other than Russia would be interested in hacking so many very different targets that seemed to have nothing else in common other than their being of interest to the Russian government.[20]

title: Fancy Bear

text: In February 2017, the General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD) of the Netherlands revealed that Fancy Bear and Cozy Bear had made several attempts to hack into Dutch ministries, including the Ministry of General Affairs, over the previous six months. Rob Bertholee, head of the AIVD, said on EenVandaag that the hackers were Russian and had tried to gain access to secret government documents.[66]

title: Fancy Bear

text: The name "Fancy Bear" is derived from the coding system that Dmitri Alperovitch uses for hacker groups. "Bear" indicates that the hackers are from Russia. Fancy refers to "Sofacy", a word in the malware that reminded the analyst who found it, of Iggy Azalea's song "Fancy".[1]

title: Fancy Bear

text: Fancy Bear has been known to tailor implants for target environments, for instance reconfiguring them to use local email servers.[86] In August 2015, Kaspersky Lab detected and blocked a version of the ADVSTORESHELL implant that had been used to target defense contractors. An hour and a half following the block, Fancy Bear actors had compiled and delivered a new backdoor for the implant.[23]

title: Fancy Bear

text: In 2011-2012, Fancy Bear's first-stage malware was the "Sofacy" or SOURFACE implant. During 2013, Fancy Bear added more tools and backdoors, including CHOPSTICK, CORESHELL, JHUHUGIT, and ADVSTORESHELL.[23]

title: Fancy Bear

text: The Swedish Sports Confederation reported Fancy Bear was responsible for an attack on its computers, targeting records of athletes' doping tests.[76]

title: Fancy Bear

text: Software that Fancy Bear has used includes ADVSTORESHELL, CHOPSTICK, JHUHUGIT, and XTunnel. Fancy Bear utilises a number of implants, including Foozer, WinIDS, X-Agent, X-Tunnel, Sofacy, and DownRange droppers.[60] Based on compile times, FireEye concluded that Fancy Bear has consistently updated their malware since 2007.[86] To avert detection, Fancy Bear returns to the environment to switch their implants, changes its command and control channels, and modifies its persistent methods.[82] The threat group implements counter-analysis techniques to obfuscate their code. They add junk data to encoded strings, making decoding difficult without the junk removal algorithm.[86] Fancy Bear takes measures to prevent forensic analysis of its hacks, resetting the timestamps on files and periodically clearing the event logs.[60]

title: Al zalzalah

text: Its theme is the second life after death and presentation in it before man of the full record of the deeds done by him in the world. In the first three sentences it has been told briefly how the second life after death will take place and how confounding it will be for man. In the next two sentences it has been said that this very earth on which man has lived and performed all kinds of deeds thoughtlessly, and about which he never could fancy that this lifeless thing would at some time in the future bear witness to his deeds, will speak out on that Day by Allah's command and will state in respect of each individual person what act he had committed at a particular time and place. Then, it has been said that men on that Day, rising from their graves, will come out in their varied groups from all corners of the earth, to be shown their deeds and works, and their presentation of the deeds will be so complete and detailed that not an atom's weight of any good or evil act will be left unnoticed or hidden from his eyes.

text: "Fancy Bear" has been operating since the mid-2000s. CrowdStrike reported targeting has included Aerospace, Defense, Energy, Government and the Media industries. "Fancy Bear" intrusions have occurred in United States, Western Europe, Brazil, Canada, China, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia and South Korea. Targeted defense ministries and military organizations parallel Russian Federation government interests. This may indicate affiliation with the Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU, a Russian military intelligence service). Specifically, "Fancy Bear" has been linked to intrusions into the German Bundestag and France’s TV5 Monde (television station) in April 2015. SecureWorks, a cybersecurity firm headquartered in the United States, concluded that from March 2015 to May 2016, the "Fancy Bear" target list included not merely the DNC, but tens of thousands of foes of Putin and the Kremlin in the United States, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, and Syria. Only a handful of Republicans were targeted, however.

title: Bear Feat

text: The next activity is a high diving act. Mama Bear begins playing the drums and Papa Bears dives to the pail of water. However, Junyer steps in eating salt crackers and drinks the pail of water making Papa Bear land on the empty pail. Junyer realizes this what he has done and calls Mama Bear to call for a doctor. Papa Bear proceeds the motorcycle race with Mama Bear holding the finish flag and asks her if she is ready and she replies and Papa Bear starts his motorcycle. Mama Bear swings the flag and watches the race. However Junyer is eating a banana and throws the banana peel onto the track, causing Papa Bear to crash his motorcycle, injuring him (off screen). Papa Bear wakes up covered in bandages and asks where the newspaper is. Mama Bears hands it to him and protests, only to be silenced when he yells at her to shut up. Henry proceeds to check the address on the circus ad, but finds out that the newspaper was printed on April 16, 1928 and realizes that they are 21 years too late, because the day when he found the ad was on August 1, 1949. Junyer jumps to Mama Bear in fear. Mama Bear says she tried to tell Henry. Papa Bear gets upset because he figures out that they have been practicing all for nothing. Unable to accept the reality of his blunder, he questions why he has such an abnormal family, escapes his house, and attempts suicide by jumping off a cliff. However, he lands in a pail of water set by Junyer, who tells him that he done a good thing, resulting in Papa Bear punching him again which sends Junyer crying and remarking "What I do?! What I do?!" and the cartoon ends.

title: The Plot to Hack America

text: "Battles of the CYBER BEARS" describes the two hacker entities tied to Russian intelligence: Cozy Bear and Fancy Bear. Cozy Bear is believed to be linked to the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) or Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), while Fancy Bear is associated with Russian military intelligence agency GRU. Nance describes how Russian intelligence attempted to make their releases of leaked DNC emails appear deniable. In "WikiLeaks: Russia's Intelligence Laundromat", he likens use of the whistleblower website WikiLeaks to money laundering. Nance asserts WikiLeaks willingly collaborated in the operation. "When CYBER BEARS Attack" describes the impact of Podesta emails and DNC email leaks on the 2016 Clinton campaign.

title: Fancy Bear

text: The name "Fancy Bear" comes from a coding system security researcher Dmitri Alperovitch uses to identify hackers.[10]

title: Fancy Bear

text: Another sophisticated hacking group attributed to the Russian Federation, nicknamed Cozy Bear, was also present in the DNC's servers at the same time. However the two groups each appeared to be unaware of the other, as each independently stole the same passwords and otherwise duplicated their efforts. Cozy Bear appears to be a different agency, one more interested in traditional long-term espionage.[59] A CrowdStrike forensic team determined that while Cozy Bear had been on the DNC's network for over a year, Fancy Bear had only been there a few weeks.[1]

title: Fancy Bear

text: Fancy Bear sometimes creates online personas to sow disinformation, deflect blame, and create plausible deniability for their activities.[88]

title: Fancy Bear

text: In August 2015, Fancy Bear used a zero-day exploit of Java, spoofing the Electronic Frontier Foundation and launching attacks on the White House and NATO. The hackers used a spear phishing attack, directing emails to the false url electronicfrontierfoundation.org.[45][46]

title: Naren Gupta

text: Through Nexus, Gupta has developed a greater sense of how to work within Indian culture. He said that, “most investors in the U.S. won’t understand how family-run businesses in India run.” Basically, Indian entrepreneurs have to get with the program in order to understand “what tickles the fancy of consumers,” since there has not been one independent firm that has emerged as a key player here, which Gupta says “makes no sense. Korea has done that, Japan has, China has, but not India.”

title: Cozy Bear

text: In June 2016, Cozy Bear was implicated alongside the hacker group Fancy Bear in the Democratic National Committee cyber attacks. While the two groups were both present in the Democratic National Committee's servers at the same time, they appeared to be unaware of the other, each independently stealing the same passwords and otherwise duplicating their efforts. A CrowdStrike forensic team determined that while Cozy Bear had been on the DNC's network for over a year, Fancy Bear had only been there a few weeks. Cozy Bear's more sophisticated tradecraft and interest in traditional long-term espionage suggest that the group originates from a separate Russian intelligence agency.

title: Fancy Bear

text: On January 10, 2018, the "Fancy Bears Hack Team" online persona leaked what appeared to be stolen International Olympic Committee (IOC) and U.S. Olympic Committee emails, dated from late 2016 to early 2017, were leaked in apparent retaliation for the IOC's banning of Russian athletes from the 2018 Winter Olympics as a sanction for Russia's systematic doping program. The attack resembles the earlier World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) leaks. It is not known whether the emails are fully authentic, because of Fancy Bear's history of salting stolen emails with disinformation. The mode of attack was also not known, but was probably phishing.[73][74]

title: Fancy Bear

text: Network security firm FireEye released a detailed report on Fancy Bear in October 2014. The report designated the group as "Advanced Persistent Threat 28" (APT28) and described how the hacking group used zero-day exploits of the Microsoft Windows operating system and Adobe Flash.[15] The report found operational details indicating that the source is a "government sponsor based in Moscow". Evidence collected by FireEye suggested that Fancy Bear's malware was compiled primarily in a Russian-language build environment and occurred mainly during work hours paralleling Moscow's time zone.[16] FireEye director of threat intelligence Laura Galante referred to the group's activities as "state espionage"[17] and said that targets also include "media or influencers."[18][19]

title: Fancy Bear

text: Fancy Bear is thought to have been responsible for a six-month-long cyber-attack on the German parliament that began in December 2014.[25]

title: Fancy Bear

text: Five military wives received death threats from a hacker group calling itself "CyberCaliphate", claiming to be an Islamic State affiliate, on February 10, 2015.[30][31][32][33] This was later discovered to have been a false flag attack by Fancy Bear, when the victims' email addresses were found to have been in the Fancy Bear phishing target list.[31] Russian social media trolls have also been known to hype and rumor monger the threat of potential Islamic State terror attacks on U.S. soil in order to sow fear and political tension.[31]

title: Fancy Bear

text: Fancy Bear (also known as APT28, Pawn Storm, Sofacy Group, Sednit and STRONTIUM)[2] is a cyber espionage group. Cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike has said with a medium level of confidence that it is associated with the Russian military intelligence agency GRU.[4][5] The Foreign and Commonwealth Office,[6] and security firms SecureWorks,[7] ThreatConnect,[8] and Fireeye's Mandiant,[9] have also said the group is sponsored by the Russian government. In 2018, an indictment by the United States Special Counsel identified Fancy Bear as two GRU units known as Unit 26165 and Unit 74455.[3][2]

title: Fancy Crane

text: Fancy determines to keep Luis, however, and buys an extra ticket for Marty to the Boston Bruins game so that the boy can accompany them on a date. Marty instantly bonds with Fancy, and both Luis and Fancy are thrilled at how natural the three are together. However, Pretty, in her quest to win Luis for herself, decides to use Alistair's mind-control device to make Fancy act out. Under Pretty's control, Fancy lashes out at Luis and Sheridan in front of Marty, even taunting the child, telling him that Alistair is hiding under his bed, waiting to kidnap him again. After further episodes, Pretty tries to convince Luis that Fancy has reverted to her partying ways while Sheridan insists that Fancy has reunited with Noah, and Luis, though still deeply in love with Fancy, begins to doubt her love for him. Luis is still trying to sort through his feelings when he and Paloma come across Noah and Fancy, who have been trying to figure out what has been going on between them, on the wharf. At first convinced that Fancy is cheating on him, Luis quickly becomes concerned when Sheridan and Pretty's battle for control of the remote causes Fancy to run into walls, bark like a dog, and, eventually, collapse and stop breathing. Once Fancy regains consciousness, the four quickly realize that there is, indeed, something physically wrong with Fancy and fear a brain tumor. Still, Fancy's near-death experience draws her and Luis closer together than ever before, much to Sheridan and Pretty's chagrin. Pretty tries to use Luis and Fancy's closeness to convince Sheridan to team up with her, but Sheridan cannot abide by having such power over her niece and throws the remote control into the ocean; the water causes the device to short-circuit, and the chip dislodges itself from Fancy's nose. When Noah finds the device, he throws it, too, into the ocean, to Pretty's dismay.


query: How many Christian are in America?

title: Christianity in the United States

text: Christianity is the most adhered to religion in the United States, with 75% of polled American adults identifying themselves as Christian in 2015.[1][2] This is down from 85% in 1990, lower than 81.6% in 2001,[3] and slightly lower than 78% in 2012.[4] About 62% of those polled claim to be members of a church congregation.[5] The United States has the largest Christian population in the world, with nearly 240 million Christians, although other countries have higher percentages of Christians among their populations.

title: William Howard Durham

text: Although he was a staunch congregationalist and against denominationalism, there are many denominations that trace their roots from Durham's work: General Council of the Assemblies of God in the United States of America; International Church of the Foursquare Gospel; Open Bible Standard Churches; New Testament Christian Churches of America, Inc.; the Scandinavian-American Fellowship of Christian Assemblies and the Independent Assemblies of God, International; the Italian-American International Fellowship of Christian Assemblies and its counterparts abroad, like the Christian Congregation in Brazil; the Assembleias de Deus of Brazil; Pentecostal Church of God; the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada; the Oneness United Pentecostal Church; and many independent Pentecostal congregations, mainly in the Northeast United States.

title: Hannah Whitall Smith

text: Hannah Whitall Smith’s book "The Christian’s Secret of a Happy Life" (1875) is an extremely popular book of Christian mysticism and practical Holiness theology. It is still widely read today. She wrote her spiritual autobiography, "The Unselfishness of God And How I Discovered It", in 1903. Many publications of that book omit the three chapters which explain how she became a Christian universalist.

title: Barrie Wilson

text: "How Jesus Became Christian" was shortlisted for the prestigious Cundill Prize in History and was awarded the Joseph and Faye Tanenbaum Prize for History at the 2009 Canadian Jewish Book Awards. Wilson has spoken in many churches and synagogues throughout North America.

title: Jonathan Hill (theologian)

text: "What Has Christianity Ever Done for Us?: How it Shaped the Modern World". In this book Hill covers aspects of the influence that Christianity has had on Western culture. He shows how Christianity influenced different aspects of everyday life. He shows the often hidden and obscure/unexpected connections and the way that Christianity has influenced many aspects of arts, education, society and history. The book also describes events and people in history that have affected how we think in a way that we often take for granted.

title: List of Christian music festivals

text: A list of Christian music festivals around the world. A Christian music festival is a festival oriented towards genres of Christian music, such as gospel music, church music, liturgical music, or contemporary Christian music such as Christian pop and Christian rock. Festivals are held worldwide, and in North America many are overseen by organizations such as the Christian Festival Association.

title: Dan Kimball

text: "They Like Jesus But Not The Church" is based on a series of interviews with non-Christians about how they feel about the Church and Jesus. The conversations reveal that while many people have a positive impression of Jesus, they have a dislike of the Church. The book discusses what the Church has done to foster these views, and how to address them. Kimball encourages Christians to leave the "Christian bubble" and listen to what non-Christians are saying.

title: How Many Kings: Songs for Christmas

text: How Many Kings: Songs for Christmas is the fifth official album release from Christian rock band Downhere released in 2009.

title: Gabriel Wilensky

text: The book provides an account of how antisemitism developed from the very early days of the Christian movement into full-blown hatred by the time of the Crusades. "Six Million Crucifixions" shows how anti-Jewish sentiment stemmed out of Christian Scriptures and the teachings of the Church Fathers, until it became second-nature to European Christians. As Dr. Carol Rittner, Distinguished Professor of Holocaust & Genocide Studies at The Richard Stockton College wrote, "Too many of those hate-filled words had their origin in the Christian Scriptures and were uttered by Christian preachers and teachers, by Christians generally, for nearly two millennia."

title: Benjamin L. Corey

text: Corey has frequently challenged Christian Fundamentalism, earning the ire of the Religious Right. In 2014, the book "Distortion: How the Christian Left is Twisting the Gospel & Damaging the Faith," promised to name the names of the new "Christian Left," in America and Corey was among the Progressive Christian leaders referenced. This was in large part because of his stance against what he calls "Pro-Life Hypocrisy" on the part of some conservative Christians.

title: Christian Flag

text:
The Christian Flag spread outside North America with Christian missionaries. It can be seen today in or outside many Christian churches throughout the world, particularly in Latin America and in Africa. It has so far been adopted by some Protestant churches in Europe, Asia, and Africa as well.
The Christian Flag is not patented and therefore, "Anyone may manufacture it, and it may be used on all proper occasions."

title: Christian Research Association

text: In September 2010, the Christian Research Association invited the leaders of all Christian denominations to gather for a consideration of the overview of the role of church and faith in the Australian context. The conference, entitled 'Shaping Australia's Spirituality', noted how many aspects of church practice are expanding, such as many fields of chaplaincy, the provision of schools and the welfare agencies of the churches. Other areas of church life are in decline, including involvement in many local churches and the role that the churches play in public life. The conference noted the role that the Christian faith continues to play in the formation of personal values among Australians, but that the churches were not highly engaged in the national and global issues of climate and economic change and sustainability. As the understanding of the world and the forms of community and culture change, the conference examined how the Christian faith needs to be re-expressed and new forms of Christian community need to be developed, in order to relate to the contemporary Australian context.

title: Passover Seder

text: Some Christians, especially but not only Evangelical Protestants, have recently taken great interest in performing seders according to the ancient rubric. Many churches host Seders, usually adding a Messianic Christian Passover message, and many times inviting Messianic Jews to lead and teach on it. Many Christians cite the meal as a way to connect with the heritage of their own religion and to see how the practices of the ancient world are still relevant to Christianity today.[46]

title: Battle of Cervera

text: Jalaf also related how, when Almanzor asked him how many of his own retinue remained, Jalaf counted them off for him one by one and arrived at twenty. Almanzor eventually dismounted and returned to his couch in order to strengthen the confidence of those around him. It was there that Jalaf says he hit upon the idea of transferring the camp from the shallow depression in which he had first pitched it to the hill from which he had been observing the battle. The sight of the large tent of Almanzor now propped on the hill demoralised the Christians and inspired the Muslims. In their ten-mile flight many Christians were captured and many more killed, while more than 700 Muslims died that day. The Christian camp was captured and pillaged.

title: Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects

text: Christianity became widespread to African Americans during the transatlantic slave trade. Before coming to America, African religious beliefs and practices were numerous and varied. Some Africans had been exposed to European Christianity before coming to America, so they were able to bring Christian beliefs with them. However, many slaves converted to Christianity in America because they saw conversion as a road to freedom. Harper's upbringing included a religious education, and therefore, the experiences she had during her childhood schooling bring religion forth as a prominent theme in her works in "Poems on Miscellaneous Subjects". Such works include “The Syrophoenician Woman”, “Bible Defence of Slavery”, “The Drunkard’s Child”, “That Blessed Hope”, “The Dying Christian”, “Saved By Faith”, “The Prodigal’s Return”, and “Eva’s Farewell”.

title: Christian socialism in Utah

text: The connections between socialism and Christianity began to be identified in America as early as 1859 and by the late 1880s the first American Christian socialist organization, The Society of Christian Socialists, had formed. While the Christian socialist movement in America crossed through many Protestant denominations and churches, it was most strongly associated with the Episcopal Church, both nationwide and in Utah.

title: Persecuted (film)

text: Focus on the Family said, "Philosophically, the movie compels us to grapple with what it looks like to have religious freedom in our modern world. It asks, Do we still have it in America? And it goes to some length, story-wise, to reinforce how important such freedom is...Indeed, religious freedom is a very big deal. It is the bedrock upon which America was founded. And while the sort of vicious persecution Christians currently experience in some other countries is not a reality here in the United States, many American Christians already feel that their faith is under attack...[Persecuted] has its problems, both in terms of content and plot and even message. But its subject is a timely one, well worth putting much more thought into than most of us usually do."

title: How the Other Half Lives

text: The book was successful. Soon after its publication, "The New York Times" lauded its content, calling it a "powerful book". The praise for "How the Other Half Lives" continued in many other newspapers all across the country. Many of these enthusiastic reviews were seen in Christian newsletters, which enjoyed Riis' view on the moral issues of poverty. "The Christian Intelligencer" reviewed the first edition saying "Books like this that lift the curtains and expose to public gaze the great evils of the system will hasten the day of reform." Many of these Christian reviewers found Riis' work to be applicable to their own cities, and called for similar reforms that Riis outlines in "How the Other Half Lives".

title: The Wide, Wide World

text: Secondary CharactersThis book was originally written with the goal of teaching people a Christian lesson, so many of the themes are Christian in nature and aim to show people how a true Christian ought to live his or her life.The driving conflict of this story is the separation of Ellen from her mother and the effects of this separation on Ellen, including how she misses the mother who had meant everything to her, how she struggles with being a good Christian, and how she deals with people who don’t care about her.

title: Christian Voice (United States)

text: Christian Voice was the first of the Christian Right groups, pre-dating the Christian Coalition, American Coalition for Traditional Values, Concerned Women for America, Moral Majority, Family Research Council, and other Christian political groups. Christian Voice has employed hundreds of political organizers, including Susan Hirschman, Chief of Staff to former House Majority Leader Tom DeLay, Congressman Tom Hagadorn, who chaired the organization for several years, and Tim LaHaye, co-author of the Left Behind series. At one point, US Senators Orrin Hatch (Utah), Roger Jespen (Iowa) and James McClure (Idaho) all served on the organization's board of directors. Many of the techniques used by current independent and 527 political campaigns were originally developed by Christian Voice (Most notably, a commonly used "Political Report Card" used to inform voters of how their representative voted was created by Christian Voice chief architect Colonel V. Doner).

title: Jonathan Hill (theologian)

text: "The Lion Handbook to the History of Christianity" published in 2007, and published in the US under the title "Zondervan Handbook to the History of Christianity", gives a presentation about how Christian theology and the Christian church has developed around the world in the last 2000 years, including the Christian missionary movement in Asia, Africa and South America, resulting in the fact that today the Christian Church includes a third of the world's population. He describes the place of Christianity in history, philosophy, culture and thought.

title: Irving Place Theatre

text: Actor Rudolf Christians took over of Irving Place Theater in 1913 as director of the company alongside two other manager-directors until 1918 when the company disbanded. Christian’s vision similarly aligned with that of Conried’s. They both sought to present great modern plays and the classics. Under Christians, for the first time in the U.S, George Bernard Shaw’s "Pygmalion" was presented in German. Both Christians and Conried desired to attract non-german speakers as their audience though at the core of their audience were german immigrants. Under Christians, the New York Times remarked on how the Irving Place Theater embodied german patriotism in the U.S before America’s entrance into the war. After America’s involvement, German patriotism decreased because Germany had become America's enemy, and in 1918 the Irving Place Theater was driven to its demise as a German company. The collapse of the Irving Place theater like any other German theater was caused by various many factors: anti-German prejudice, German America's lack of interest in the German stage, and other competing forms of entertainment such as films, english-language theater, and the vaudeville.

title: Christian Heritage Academy

text: Ralph Bullard’s first meeting with Dr. O'Brien led him to adopt the school’s educational philosophy — The Principle Approach to America’s Christian History, Government, and Education. In her office he saw two reference volumes: Christian History of the Constitution of the United States of America and Teaching and Learning America’s Christian History. Remembering these titles, he ordered a set for the school. Under the influence of these key texts, Christian Heritage Academy came to enjoy many years of association with R.J. Rushdoony associates and Miss Verna M. Hall and Miss Rosalie I. Slater, the authors of the books and officers of The Foundation for American Christian Education in San Francisco, California, and later with many other friends and associates in the work: Mr. John Talcott, member of the Evangelical Council for National Policy, a director of the Ocean Spray Corporation and founder of Plymouth Rock Foundation, whose Plymouth Rock Seminars were foundational to the school’s philosophical development; Miss Katherine Dang, then the principal of the Chinese Christian Schools of San Leandro, California, and teacher at the pilot school in Hayward, CA under the direction of CHA development contributor James B. Rose; and Mrs. Ruth Smith of Pilgrim Institute. All of these friends provided counsel and advice to the school as CHA developed its program and became one of the leaders in the American Christian History movement (see Dominionism).

title: What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?

text: Christianity is of importance in Douglass's speech. He does not speak against religion in general, but rather how religion deals with slavery, specifically in America. He is outraged by the lack of responsibility many sects have taken around the nation. He says that, if anything, many churches actually stand behind slavery and support it. Douglass equates this to being worse than many other things that are banned, in particular, books and plays that are banned for infidelity.

title: The Myth of a Christian Nation

text: Boyd's book challenges the theology of the Christian right and the theory of American exceptionalism, as well the claim that America is a "Christian Nation". He instead argues that America is flawed and imperfect just like any other nation, and that the United States mirrors all other nations, or "kingdoms of the world" as the book calls them. He then contrasts the ethics and foundations of the "kingdoms of the world" with Jesus' teaching of the kingdom of God. Boyd argues that Christians owe their full allegiance to the Kingdom of God and must reject the coercive, violent, and unjust methods and means used by the kingdoms of the world. Christians, he believes, have no duty to "Take America Back for God" or to even be involved in the political sphere, and should not use politics as a means of transforming society. Boyd's next book, "The Myth of the Christian Religion: Losing Your Life for the Beauty of a Revolution", expands on many of the themes and topics discussed in "The Myth of a Christian Nation".

title: Christian democracy

text: Today, many European Christian democratic parties are affiliated with the European People's Party. Those with soft Eurosceptic views in comparison with the pro-European EPP are members of the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe, or the more right-wing European Christian Political Movement. Many Christian democratic parties in the Americas are affiliated with the Christian Democrat Organization of America.

title: WSAN

text: The station was still a commercial radio station rather than non-commercial like many Christian outlets. Though owned by Clear Channel, the station was run similarly to how Christian network Salem Media runs its many Christian stations. Commercial blocks of time were sold to various Christian organizations. Morning and afternoon drive times were occupied by a blend of soft adult contemporary Christian songs, Gospel music, and rhythmic praise and worship music.

title: Religion in Belgium

text: According to a 2010 Eurobarometer poll:Some religious people dispute the precise figures, as it is unclear how many Belgians who say they believe in God are actually Christians and how many who call themselves Christians, but refuse the label "Catholic", have severed all links to the Catholic Church. Also in dispute are how many Catholic Belgians have become deists or have joined small Protestant churches.

title: First Apology of Justin Martyr

text: Justin goes to great lengths in the "First Apology" to defend Christianity as a rational philosophy. He remarks at how Christianity can provide moral teaching for its followers, and how many of the Christian teachings parallel similar stories in pagan mythology, making it irrational for contemporary pagans to persecute Christians.

title: History of Latin America

text: Once in the New World, religion was still a prevalent issue which had to be considered in everyday life. Many of the laws were based in religious beliefs and traditions and often these laws clashed with the many other cultures throughout colonial Latin America. One of the central clashes was between African and Iberian cultures; this difference in culture resulted in the aggressive prosecution of witches, both African and Iberian, throughout Latin America. According to European tradition "[a] witch – a bruja – was thought to reject God and the sacraments and instead worship the devil and observe the witches' Sabbath." This rejection of God was seen as an abomination and was not tolerated by the authorities either in Spain nor Latin America. A specific example, the trial of Paula de Eguiluz, shows how an appeal to Christianity can help to lessen punishment even in the case of a witch trial.

title: Christian punk

text: Other Christian punk bands take more conservative stances. Calibretto 13's song "America", from their album "Adventures in Tokyo," expressed the band's displeasure with America's moral decline. Christian punk bands are also often vocal against abortion in their songs. Rock for Life categorizes bands based on their advocacy for or against abortion; they include many Christian punk bands, such as Dogwood, Flatfoot 56, Relient K, and One-21, on their list of pro-life bands.


query: When was the deadliest recorded flood in the history of the Mississippi River?

title: Mississippi River floods

text: The 1927 flood was the greatest flood in modern history on the lower Mississippi River. In the summer of 1926 until the spring of 1927, heavy rains fell in eastern Kansas, Oklahoma, and the Ohio Valley. The White and Little Red rivers broke through the levees in Arkansas in February, flooding over 400km2 (99,000 acres) with 3 to 5m (9.8 to 16.4ft) of water.[10] The first levee break along the Mississippi River occurred a few miles south of Elaine, Arkansas on March 29.[2]

title: Floods in the United States: 2001–present

text: One of the deadliest floods in state history, and deadliest flash flood in U.S. history since the 2010 Tennessee Floods was caused by 8 to 10 inches of rainfall in over a 12-hour period. 23 people perished from the floods, and hardest hit counties include Greenbrier, Kanawha, Jackson, and Ohio.

title: Great Flood of 1913

text: Rivers rose several feet above previous high-water marks in Ohio and Indiana after heavy rains at the headwaters of the region’s rivers moved downstream. The area's rivers experienced heavy runoff, especially along the Muskingum, Scioto, Great Miami, and Wabash rivers. The Scioto River basin in central Ohio recorded a flood level of , which remains a record of nearly higher than its other recorded floods. The Great Miami River and its tributaries, including the Whitewater River in Indiana, rose at least higher than previous flood levels in many locations. Downstream from Indiana and Ohio, where the Ohio River enters the Mississippi River at Cairo, Illinois, the water level reached and broke record highs to that time. High waters continued to flow south to the Gulf of Mexico, causing some levees to fail in Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri. Water from flood-crested rivers flowing into the Mississippi River in April set new height records downriver and caused cities such as Memphis, Tennessee; Natchez, Mississippi; New Orleans, Louisiana; and elsewhere along the Mississippi to prepare for flooding.

title: Quincy, Illinois

text: During the Mississippi River flood of 1993, riverside businesses and industries suffered extensive damage when the river crested at a record 32.2 feet (9.81 m), above flood stage. For a time, the Bayview Bridge, one of Quincy's two bridges, was the only bridge open across the Mississippi River between Alton, Illinois and Burlington, Iowa. The Memorial Bridge was closed from the end of June, due to water over its western approach. On July 16, 1993, the Bayview Bridge closed when the river submerged the land on the west side of the Mississippi River at Taylor, Missouri; Quincy's bridges reopened 73 days later on September 26, 1993.

title: 2011 Mississippi River floods

text: The Mississippi River floods in April and May 2011 were among the largest and most damaging recorded along the U.S. waterway in the past century, comparable in extent to the major floods of 1927 and 1993. In April 2011, two major storm systems deposited record levels of rainfall on the Mississippi River watershed. When that additional water combined with the springtime snowmelt, the river and many of its tributaries began to swell to record levels by the beginning of May. Areas along the Mississippi itself experiencing flooding included Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

title: Mississippi River floods

text: The flood occurred after record-setting rainfalls across the U.S. Midwest and Plains from May to August, 1851. The State of Iowa experienced significant flooding extending to the Lower Mississippi River basin. Historical evidence suggest flooding occurred in the eastern Plains, from Nebraska to the Red River basin, but these areas were sparsely settled in 1851. Heavy rainfall also occurred in the Ohio River basin. In June, major flooding on the Mississippi River was experienced.[4][5]

title: Floods in the United States before 1901

text: The Great Flood of 1844 is the biggest flood ever recorded on the Missouri River and Upper Mississippi River in terms of discharge. This flood was particularly devastating since the region had little or no levees at the time. Among the hardest hit were the Wyandot who lost 100 people in the diseases that occurred after the flood. The flood also is the highest recorded for the Mississippi River at St. Louis. After the flood, Congress in 1849 passed the Swamp Act providing land grants to build stronger levees.

title: Natural disasters in China

text: China has had 6 of the world's top 10 deadliest floods and landslides of all times; the top 5 all occurred in China. Estimated deaths in the 1931 China floods range between 2 million and 4 million, listed as the deadliest flood of all times, which is also the deadliest natural disasters of all times. The 1887 Yellow River flood ranked second in death toll in both flood and natural disaster, claiming lives of between 0.9 million to 2 million. The 1938 Yellow River flood was third, with 500,000–700,000 deaths.

title: Steamboats of the Mississippi

text: The Mississippi 1927 flood began when heavy rains pounded the central basin of the Mississippi in the summer of 1926. By September, the Mississippi's tributaries in Kansas and Iowa were swollen to capacity. On New Year's Day of 1927, the Cumberland River at Nashville topped levees at . The Mississippi River broke out of its levee system in 145 places and flooded or about . The area was inundated up to a depth of . The flood caused over $400 million in damages and killed 246 people in seven states. The flood affected Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee. Arkansas was hardest hit, with 14% of its territory covered by floodwaters. By May 1927, the Mississippi River below Memphis, Tennessee, reached a width of .

title: Rockhampton

text: The Fitzroy River at Rockhampton has a long and well documented history of flooding with flood records dating back to 1859. The highest recorded flood occurred in January 1918 and reached on the Rockhampton gauge. The second highest flood in Rockhampton was recorded on 19 February 1954, when the Fitzroy River peaked at a height of 9.4 metres. Rockhampton's third worst flood was recorded on 12 January 1991, when the Fitzroy River peaked at 9.3 metres.

title: Mississippi River floods

text: The Mississippi Flood of 1973 occurred between March and May 1973 on the lower Mississippi River.[5] The flood resulted in the largest volume of water to flow down the Mississippi since the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. Both the Bonnet Carre Spillway and the Morganza Spillway were employed. The Bonnet Carre was fully opened between April 7 and June 14 for a record 75 days. The 1973 flood was the first time the Morganza Spillway was opened: from April 19 through June 13.

title: History of New Orleans

text: On May 3, 1849, a Mississippi River levee breach upriver from the city (around modern River Ridge, Louisiana) created the worst flooding the city had ever seen. The flood, known as at Sauvé's Crevasse, left 12,000 people homeless. While New Orleans has experienced numerous floods large and small in its history, the flood of 1849 was of a more disastrous scale than any save the flooding after Hurricane Katrina in 2005. New Orleans has not experienced flooding from the Mississippi River since Sauvé's Crevasse, although it came dangerously close during the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927.

title: Floodplain

text: Historically, many towns have been built on floodplains, where they are highly susceptible to flooding, for a number of reasons:Excluding famines and epidemics, some of the worst natural disasters in history (measured by fatalities) have been river floods, particularly in the Yellow River in China – see list of deadliest floods. The worst of these, and the worst natural disaster (excluding famine and epidemics) were the 1931 China floods, estimated to have killed millions. This had been preceded by the 1887 Yellow River flood, which killed around one million people, and is the second-worst natural disaster in history.

title: 2011 Mississippi River floods

text: Dyersburg, a city in northwestern Tennessee, experienced the worst flooding with over 600 homes and businesses inundated as the Forked Deer River, a tributary of the Mississippi, flowed backwards into southern areas of the city. On May 10, the river reached , the highest level reached at Memphis since 1937, when the river there reached a record , and the second highest level ever recorded, even surpassing the 1927 flood. Many local rivers spilled their banks, including Big Creek, the Loosahatchie River, and the Wolf River along with Nonconnah Creek. Subsequent flooding occurred in Millington, as well as suburban areas of Frayser, Bartlett, and East Memphis.

title: Nonconnah Creek

text: If the Mississippi River gets above 40 feet on the Memphis river gauge, the Nonconnah, along with other local streams and rivers connected to the Mississippi, will begin to experience backwater flooding, which is when these streams begin to flow backwards as the Mississippi river rises and fills them. Backwater flooding occurred in both the 1927 and 1937 floods along the Mississippi River. In the 1940s, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built an earthen levee system with pumping stations along the northern side of Nonconnah Creek from its mouth to Prospect Street in South Memphis. During the 2011 Mississippi River floods, these levees kept water off of the northern side. However, backwater flooding occurred on the south side causing damage to several subdivisions. The creek also flowed backwards within its channel to the Lamar Avenue (U.S. Route 78) overpass.

title: Great Flood of 1993

text: The Great Mississippi and Missouri Rivers Flood of 1993 (or "Great Flood of 1993") occurred in the American Midwest, along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers and their tributaries, from May to October 1993. The flood was among the most costly and devastating to ever occur in the United States, with $15 billion in damages. The hydrographic basin affected over around in length and in width, totaling about . Within this zone, the flooded area totaled around and was the worst such U.S. disaster since the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, as measured by duration, area inundated, persons displaced, crop and property damage, and number of record river levels. In some categories, the 1993 flood even surpassed the 1927 flood, at the time the largest flood ever recorded on the Mississippi.

title: Mississippi flood of 1973

text: A series of unusually cold winters in the river basin concluded in the winter of 1972-1973, when high precipitation saturated much of the watershed, especially in the Ohio Valley and lower Mississippi Valley. This was followed by more rain in early 1973, with river flow cresting on March 31 at Red River Landing, Louisiana, and a heavy snowmelt in the Rocky Mountains which caused western tributaries such as the Missouri and Arkansas to form a final catastrophic high in June. The flood resulted in the largest volume of water to flow down the Mississippi since the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. Both the Bonnet Carre Spillway and the Morganza Spillway were employed. The Bonnet Carre was fully opened between April 7 and June 14 for a record 75 days. The 1973 flood was the first time the Morganza Spillway was opened: from April 19 through June 13.

title: Meltwater pulse 1A

text: Prior to Mississippi River meltwater flood MWF-3, two other Mississippi River meltwater floods, MWF-2 and MWF-1, have been recognized. The first of these, MWF-1, consists of three separate, but closely spaced events that occurred between 16,000 and 15,450 (MWF-1a); 15,000 and 14,700 (MWF-1b); and 14,460 and 14,000 (MWF-1c) radiocarbon years ago. Each of these flood events had a discharge of about 0.08 to 0.09 sverdrups (million cubic meters per second). Collectively, they appear to be associated with meltwater pulse 1A0. Later, one of the largest of the Mississippi River meltwater floods, MWF-2, occurred between 13,600 and 13,200 radiocarbon years ago. During its 400 radiocarbon year duration, the maximum discharge of Mississippi River meltwater flood MWF-2 is estimated to have been between 0.15 and 0.19 sverdrups. Despite the large size of Mississippi River meltwater flood MWF-2, it is not known to be associated with an identifiable meltwater pulse in any sea level record.

title: May 1995 Louisiana flood

text: The May 1995 Louisiana flood, also known as the May 1995 Southeast Louisiana and Southern Mississippi Flood, was a heavy rainfall event which occurred across an area stretching from the New Orleans metropolitan area into southern Mississippi. A storm total rainfall maximum of was recorded near Necaise, Mississippi. Considerable flooding was caused by the rainfall including several record flood crests along impacted river systems.

title: History of Natchez, Mississippi

text: Flooding in 2011 drove the Mississippi River to crest at on May 19, the highest recorded height of the river since the 1930s.

title: Flood Control Act

text: There were several major floods between 1849 and 1936 that moved Congress to pass legislation. The first significant federal flood control law was the Swamp Land Act of 1850. A flood on the Mississippi River in 1874 led to the creation of the Mississippi River Commission in 1879. Booming steamboat traffic on the Missouri River and a flood in 1881 led to the creation of the Missouri River Commission in 1884, but it was abolished by the River and Harbor Act of 1902. Floods on the Mississippi, Ohio, and other rivers in the Northeast led to the Flood Control Act of 1917, which was the first act aimed exclusively at controlling floods. The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 led to substantial flood control funding. And a series of floods in 1935 and 1936 across the nation were critical in the passage of the Flood Control Act of 1936.

title: Project design flood

text: In response to the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the Flood Control Act of 1928 authorized the Mississippi River and Tributaries Project (MR&T), which is implemented by the Mississippi River Commission (MRC). The MRC estimated a maximum probable flood discharge of at Cairo, Illinois that was greater than the 1927 flood but less than the 1927 flood combined with the maximum recorded discharge of the Ohio River in 1913. In a separate analysis, the U.S. Weather Bureau determined that a "maximum possible" flood would result in a discharge of based on the maximum recorded flows of the upper Mississippi, Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee Rivers. In a combined analysis, the higher flow rate estimate was used.

title: Morganza Spillway

text:
The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 was the most destructive river flood in the history of the United States, in large part due to the Mississippi River swelling to wide in spots. To prevent a repeat of the Great Flood of 1927, and better control river flooding in general, Congress passed the Flood Control Act of 1928 to authorize the United States Army Corps of Engineers to build the Bonnet Carre Spillway (located above New Orleans and completed in 1931), the Birds Point floodway in Missouri, and the Morganza Floodway as part of the 1928 Mississippi River and Tributaries Project.
Construction of the levees that make up part of the Morganza Spillway began in the late 1930s. The Morganza Control Structure portion of the project was completed in 1954 and subsequently became incorporated into the Mississippi River Commission's 1956 project design flood, which added the Old River Control Structure (ORCS) in 1963 to the protections used to prevent Mississippi River flood. The Flood Control Act of 1965 provided further regulation over the Morganza Spillway's role in Mississippi River flood prevention. A concrete pit called a stilling basin was added at the Morganza Spillway in 1977 "to provide erosion protection after the velocity of water pouring through the open bays during a 1973 flood caused severe scouring of the land behind the bays."

title: Mississippi River floods

text: The Mississippi River floods in April and May 2011 were among the largest and most damaging along the U.S. waterway in the past century, rivalling major floods in 1927 and 1993. In April 2011, two major storm systems dumped record rainfall on the Mississippi River watershed. Rising from springtime snowmelt, the river and many of its tributaries began to swell to record levels by the beginning of May. Areas along the Mississippi itself experiencing flooding include Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. U.S. President Barack Obama declared the western counties of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi federal disaster areas.[14] For the second time in 38 years, the Morganza Spillway has been opened, deliberately flooding 4,600 square miles (12,000km2) of rural Louisiana to save most of Baton Rouge and New Orleans.[15]

title: Mississippi River floods

text: The largest flood ever recorded on the Missouri River and Upper Mississippi River in terms of discharge. This flood was particularly devastating since the region had few if any levees at the time. Among the hardest hit were the Wyandot who lost 100 people in the diseases that occurred after the flood. The flood also is the highest recorded for the Mississippi River at St. Louis. After the flood, Congress in 1849 passed the Swamp Act providing land grants to build stronger levees.[6]

title: Yellow River

text: The Yellow River is one of several rivers that are essential for China's existence. At the same time, however, it has been responsible for several deadly floods, including the only natural disasters in recorded history to have killed more than a million people. The deadliest was a Yuan dynasty 1332–33 flood that killed 7 million people. Close behind during the Qing dynasty is the 1887 flood, which killed anywhere from 900,000 to 2 million people, and a Republic of China era 1931 flood (part of a massive number of floods that year) that killed 1–4 million people.

title: 1887 Yellow River flood

text: The 1887 Yellow River flood was a devastating flood on the Yellow River ("Huang He") in China. This river is prone to flooding due to the elevated nature of the river, running between dikes above the broad plains surrounding it. The flood, which began in September 1887, killed about 900,000 people. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters ever recorded.

title: Yangtze

text: The 1931 Central China floods or the Central China floods of 1931 were a series of floods that occurred in the Republic of China. The floods are generally considered among the deadliest natural disasters ever recorded, and almost certainly the deadliest of the 20th century (when pandemics and famines are discounted). Estimates of the total death toll range from 145,000 to between 3.7 million and 4 million.

title: Yellow River

text: Before modern dams came to China, the Yellow River used to be extremely prone to flooding. In the 2,540 years from 595 BC to 1946 AD, the Yellow River has been reckoned to have flooded 1,593 times, shifting its course 26 times noticeably and nine times severely. These floods include some of the deadliest natural disasters ever recorded. Before modern disaster management, when floods occurred, some of the population might initially die from drowning but then many more would suffer from the ensuing famine and spread of diseases.

title: Mississippi River floods

text: The flood occurred on the Mississippi and Missouri rivers and their tributaries between April to October 1993. The flooded area totaled around 30,000 square miles (80,000km²)[12] and was the worst since the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 as measured by duration, square miles inundated, persons displaced, crop and property damage and number of record river levels.