query: What is an object in Ruby?

title: Restful Objects

text: Restful Objects is a standard covering RESTful interfaces to domain object models. The specification is published under a Creative Commons license.

title: Metaclass

text:
Note in particular the correspondence between Smalltalk's implicit metaclasses and Ruby's eigenclasses of classes.
The Ruby eigenclass model makes the concept of implicit metaclasses fully uniform: every object "x" has its own meta-object, called the "eigenclass" of "x", which is one meta-level higher than "x". The "higher order" eigenclasses usually exist purely conceptually – they do not contain any methods or store any (other) data in most Ruby programs.

title: Ruby Slippers (Once Upon a Time)

text: In Oz, "some time ago," Ruby and Mulan encounter Dorothy's dog Toto in the woods while searching for Ruby's pack. Dorothy believes the growling Toto has identified Ruby as a witch, but Ruby explains her wolf heritage. Toto runs off, and Red insists on helping Dorothy track the dog, after Dorothy initially goes the wrong way. The three come upon Zelena, who demands the silver slippers from Dorothy as ransom for Toto, whom she has found. That night, Mulan, Ruby, and Dorothy brew a potion to use against Zelena. Ruby and Dorothy go to collect the last ingredient, a poppy. Dorothy explains that Toto was a final gift from her beloved Auntie Em, who died shortly after interceding to prevent Dorothy's family from having her committed due to her stories of Oz. Ruby reveals that she was expelled by her village after accidentally killing her boyfriend, Peter. She also shares that she still feels she is searching for something, but she no longer knows what. They collect the poppy but then are attacked by winged monkeys. Dorothy confirms that she trusts Ruby, so Ruby takes on her wolf form and carries Dorothy to safety. After they return to Mulan, a seemingly disconcerted Dorothy goes off alone. Ruby tells Mulan that she thinks Dorothy is what she has been looking for, but she is afraid Dorothy is disgusted by her wolf identity; Mulan reveals that she regrets not having told someone how she felt, and urges Ruby not to make the same mistake, as Dorothy might return her feelings. But Ruby discovers Dorothy has fled. At the Emerald Palace, Dorothy confronts Zelena, who pricks her with a sleeping curse.

title: Function object

text: In Ruby, several objects can be considered function objects, in particular Method and Proc objects. Ruby also has two kinds of objects that can be thought of as semi-function objects: UnboundMethod and block. UnboundMethods must first be bound to an object (thus becoming a Method) before they can be used as a function object. Blocks can be called like function objects, but to be used in any other capacity as an object (e.g. passed as an argument) they must first be converted to a Proc. More recently, symbols (accessed via the literal unary indicator codice_35) can also be converted to codice_36s. Using Ruby's unary codice_37 operator—equivalent to calling codice_38 on an object, and assuming that method exists—the Ruby Extensions Project created a simple hack.

title: Interactive Ruby Shell

text: Interactive Ruby Shell (IRB or irb) is a REPL for programming in the object-oriented scripting language Ruby. The abbreviation irb comes from the fact that the filename extension for Ruby is ".rb", although interactive Ruby files do not have an extension of ".irb".

title: RubyCocoa

text: Some useful applications of RubyCocoa are exploration of a Cocoa object's features with irb interactively, prototyping of a Cocoa application, writing a Cocoa application that combines the features of Ruby and Objective-C and wrapping Mac OS X's native GUI for a Ruby script.

title: Encapsulation (computer programming)

text: Under this definition, encapsulation means that the internal representation of an object is generally hidden from view outside of the object's definition. Typically, only the object's own methods can directly inspect or manipulate its fields. Some languages like Smalltalk and Ruby only allow access via object methods, but most others (e.g. C++, C#, Delphi or Java) offer the programmer a degree of control over what is hidden, typically via keywords like codice_1 and codice_2. ISO C++ standard refers to codice_3, codice_2 and codice_1 as "access specifiers" and that they do not "hide any information". Information hiding is accomplished by furnishing a compiled version of the source code that is interfaced via a header file.

title: GitHub

text: Waffle.io: Project management for software teams. Automatically see pull requests, automated builds, reviews, and deployments across all of your repositories in GitHub. Rollbar: Integrate with GitHub to provide real time debugging tools and full-stack exception reporting. It is compatible with all well used code languages, such as JavaScript, Python, .NET, Ruby, PHP, Node.js, Android, iOS, Go, Java, and C#. Codebeat: For automated code analysis specialized in web and mobile developers. The supported languages for this software are: Elixir, Go, Java, Swift, JavaScript, Python, Ruby, Kotlin, Objective-C, and TypeScript. Travis CI: To provide confidence for your apps while doing test and ship. Also gives full control over the build environment, to adapt it to the code. Supported languages: Go, Java, JavaScript, Objective-C, Python, PHP, Ruby, and Swift. GitLocalize: Developed for teams that are translating their content from one point to another. GitLocalize automatically syncs with your repository so you can keep your workflow on GitHub. It also keeps you updated on what needs to be translated.

title: Single Table Inheritance

text: Single table inheritance is a way to emulate object-oriented inheritance in a relational database. When mapping from a database table to an object in an object-oriented language, a field in the database identifies what class in the hierarchy the object belongs to. All fields of all the classes are stored in the same table, hence the name "Single Table Inheritance". In Ruby on Rails the field in the table called 'type' identifies the name of the class. In Hibernate (Java) and Entity Framework this pattern is called Table-Per-Class-Hierarchy and Table-Per-Hierarchy (TPH) respectively., and the column containing the class name is called the Discriminator column.

title: Geocoder (Ruby)

text: Geocoder (Ruby) is a geocoding library for Ruby. Geocoding helps to enhance webpages by presenting location relevant information to the user. When used with Rails, Geocoder adds geocoding functionality such as finding coordinates with street addresses or vice versa in addition to distance calculations for ActiveRecord objects. Since the functionality does not rely on proprietary database functions, finding different geocoded objects in an area works out-of-the-box for databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite.

title: RubyCocoa

text: RubyCocoa will import the Objective-C classes into the Ruby world on demand. For example, when you access codice_1 for the very first time in your code, RubyCocoa will retrieve all the necessary information regarding this class from the Objective-C runtime and create a Ruby class of the same name that will act as a proxy. It will also import in the same way all the inherited classes.

title: Object-oriented programming

text: Simula (1967) is generally accepted as being the first language with the primary features of an object-oriented language. It was created for making simulation programs, in which what came to be called objects were the most important information representation. Smalltalk (1972 to 1980) is another early example, and the one with which much of the theory of OOP was developed. Concerning the degree of object orientation, the following distinctions can be made:In recent years, object-oriented programming has become especially popular in dynamic programming languages. Python, PowerShell, Ruby and Groovy are dynamic languages built on OOP principles, while Perl and PHP have been adding object-oriented features since Perl 5 and PHP 4, and ColdFusion since version 6.

title: Ruby License

text: MacRuby is an implementation of Ruby 1.9 directly on top of Mac OS X core technologies such as the Objective-C runtime and garbage collector, the LLVM compiler infrastructure and the Foundation and ICU frameworks. MacRuby contains code from the Ruby project and the source code of the most MacRuby examples, unless specified, are covered by the Ruby license.

title: Ruby (programming language)

text: Ruby has been described as a multi-paradigm programming language: it allows procedural programming (defining functions/variables outside classes makes them part of the root, 'self' Object), with object orientation (everything is an object) or functional programming (it has anonymous functions, closures, and continuations; statements all have values, and functions return the last evaluation). It has support for introspection, reflection and metaprogramming, as well as support for interpreter-based[93] threads. Ruby features dynamic typing, and supports parametric polymorphism.

title: Watir

text: The COM permits interprocess communication (such as between Ruby and Internet Explorer) and dynamic object creation and manipulation (which is what the Ruby program does to the Internet Explorer). Microsoft calls this OLE automation, and calls the manipulating program an automation controller. Technically, the Internet Explorer process is the server and serves the automation objects, exposing their methods; while the Ruby program then becomes the client which manipulates the automation objects.

title: Distributed object

text: Distributed Ruby (DRb) is a framework for distributed objects using the Ruby programming language.

title: MagLev (software)

text: Maglev runs inside an image like Smalltalk, offering transparent object persistence to Ruby objects and classes. Object persistence is based on ACID transactions that allow multiple running instances to see a shared object graph. Maglev uses a process-based concurrency model, mapping Ruby threads to Smalltalk Processes, which are scheduled in the VM as green threads.

title: Type introspection

text: Type introspection is a core feature of Ruby. In Ruby, the Object class (ancestor of every class) provides Object#instance_of? and Object#kind_of? methods for checking the instance's class. The latter returns true when the particular instance the message was sent to is an instance of a descendant of the class in question. For example, consider the following example code (you can immediately try this with the Interactive Ruby Shell):

title: Ruby (programming language)

text: In 1999, the first English language mailing list ruby-talk began, which signaled a growing interest in the language outside Japan.[21] In this same year, Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka wrote the first book on Ruby, The Object-oriented Scripting Language Ruby (オブジェクト指向スクリプト言語 Ruby), which was published in Japan in October 1999. It would be followed in the early 2000s by around 20 books on Ruby published in Japanese.[14]

title: RubyCocoa

text: RubyCocoa is a Mac OS X framework that provides a bridge between the Ruby and the Objective-C programming languages, allowing the user to manipulate Objective-C objects from Ruby, and vice versa. It makes it possible to write a Cocoa application completely in Ruby as well as to write an application that mixes Ruby and Objective-C code. An Apple project called MacRuby was under development to replace RubyCocoa in 2008. A proprietary spin-off called RubyMotion was subsequently released in 2012, available for iOS, OS X and Android.

title: DataMapper

text: DataMapper is an object-relational mapper library written in Ruby that follows the active record pattern even though the name implies it follows the data mapper pattern. While DataMapper 1 may not have achieved total decoupling between object and database suggested by the data mapper pattern, it appears DataMapper 2 intended to change this ("a la" Virtus, a library adapted from DataMapper). The DataMapper 2 project was renamed before launch and was released as Ruby Object Mapper (ROM) in August 2013.

title: Ruby (programming language)

text: Ruby is object-oriented: every value is an object, including classes and instances of types that many other languages designate as primitives (such as integers, booleans, and "null"). Variables always hold references to objects. Every function is a method and methods are always called on an object. Methods defined at the top level scope become methods of the Object class. Since this class is an ancestor of every other class, such methods can be called on any object. They are also visible in all scopes, effectively serving as "global" procedures. Ruby supports inheritance with dynamic dispatch, mixins and singleton methods (belonging to, and defined for, a single instance rather than being defined on the class). Though Ruby does not support multiple inheritance, classes can import modules as mixins.

title: RDoc

text:
RDoc, designed by Dave Thomas, is an embedded documentation generator for the Ruby programming language.
It analyzes Ruby source code, generating a structured collection of pages for Ruby objects and methods.
Code comments can be added in a natural style.
RDoc is included as part of the Ruby core distribution. The RDoc software and format are successors to the Ruby Document format (with associated software RD).

title: Ruby McCollum

text: Ruby was allowed to describe how, about 1948, during an extended absence of her husband, she had, in her home, submitted to the doctor. She was allowed to state that her youngest child was his. Yet thirty-eight times Frank Cannon attempted to proceed from this point; thirty-eight times he attempted to create the opportunity for Ruby to tell her whole story and thus explain what were her motives; thirty-eight times the State objected; and thirty-eight times Judge Adams sustained these objections.

title: Symbol (programming)

text:
The following example demonstrates two facts (describing what "father" is) and one rule (describing the "meaning" of "sibling"). These three sentences use symbols (father, zeus, hermes, perseus and sibling) and some abstract variables (X, Y and Z). The "mother" relationship has been omitted for clarity.
In Ruby, symbols can be created with a literal form, or by converting a string.
They can be used as an identifier or an interned string. Two symbols with the same contents will always refer to the same object.
It is considered a best practice to use symbols as keys to an associative array in Ruby.

title: Ruby Button

text: Pete organises a tutor, Colin Grimshaw (Michael Mears), to teach Ruby to read and write. Ruby assumes that Pete will be tutoring her. She has feelings for him and thinks they are reciprocated. Shaffer said that Ruby is "gutted" when she learns that Colin will be tutoring her. Ruby tries to make their lessons "as difficult as possible". The other students post a photo of Ruby and Colin inside a love heart on the classroom board which leaves Ruby "absolutely mortified". Shaffer opined that people may sympathise with Ruby. She said "Instead of thinking about what a bitch [Ruby] is, the viewers might start to realise that she's actually just a lost little girl." Ruby "winds up" Colin in their lessons and she does not think that he will retaliate. Ruby tells Pete that Colin touched her inappropriately. However, Pete convinces Ruby that Colin was only trying to comfort her. Pete tells Ruby that Colin will continue to tutor her. Ruby verbally abuses Colin and he slaps her. Pete sees this and suspends Colin. Ruby uses the situation to her advantage and "revels" in the attention. Pete then offers to be Ruby's new tutor. In August 2011, Ruby kisses Pete during one of their study sessions. Ruby kisses Pete after she accidentally spills a drink on him. Shaffer said that Ruby and Pete are "physically close" and she decides to be spontaneous. Pete is "horrified" and rebuffs her advances. Shaffer revealed that Ruby is hurt by this as she had convinced herself that her feelings were reciprocated by Pete. He then tells her that he is going to find a replacement tutor.

title: YARD (software)

text: YARD, is an embedded documentation generator for the Ruby programming language. It analyzes the Ruby source code, generating a structured collection of pages for Ruby objects and methods. Code comments can be added in a natural style.

title: Function object

text:
Because of the variety of forms, the term Functor is not generally used in Ruby to mean a Function object.
Just a type of dispatch delegation introduced by the Ruby Facets project is named as Functor. The most basic definition of which is:

title: Factory Bot (Rails Testing)

text: Factory Bot, originally known as Factory Girl, is a software library for the Ruby programming language that provides factory methods to create test fixtures for automated software testing. The fixture objects can be created on the fly; they may be plain Ruby objects with a predefined state, ORM objects with existing database records or mock objects.

title: Metaclass

text:
Following the standard definition of metaclasses we can conclude that codice_38 and codice_72 are the only metaclasses in Ruby.
This seems to contradict the correspondence between Ruby and Smalltalk,
since in Smalltalk-80, every class has its own metaclass.
The discrepancy is based on the disagreement between
the codice_68 introspection method in Ruby and Smalltalk. While the map "x ↦ x."codice_68 coincides on terminal objects, it differs in the restriction to classes. As already mentioned above, for a class codice_78, the Ruby expression codice_79 evaluates constantly to codice_38. In Smalltalk-80, if codice_78 is a class then the expression codice_82 corresponds
to the Ruby's codice_83
– which evaluates to the eigenclass of codice_78.

title: Geoff Campbell

text: Geoff developed a romance with Ruby Buckton (Rebecca Breeds) just before his departure. Breeds said that there was "a lot of love between them" and that they had a beautiful relationship. She also said that while circumstances changed, their feelings did not. When Geoff and Ruby decided to get intimate, Ruby took the initiative to make it special between them. Breeds thought Geoff and Ruby were a great couple and commented that Geoff had a level of maturity that Ruby's ex-boyfriend did not have. She also enjoyed working with Lewis and believed that they had a good chemistry together. Lewis told "TV Week"'s Carolyn Stewart that it took Geoff and Ruby about a year to work out what was going between them. He continued "I don't want to bring "Twilight" into it – and the vampire dude that I don't like! – but he can't be with the girl he loves and it kills him. That's what Geoff does to Ruby. He soon realises it doesn't help one little bit, but you'll have to watch to see exactly how everything happens!"


query: How long does a mathematics degree take in university?

title: Bachelor of Mathematics

text: A BMath program generally lasts three years with a fourth "honours" year in China and Australia and University of Waterloo (Canada). BMath programs are increasingly taking about five years to complete because of coop or internship placements.

title: Open University of Israel

text: The Open University is open to anyone who wishes to study towards a bachelor's degree, without any prerequisites or screening process. However, the Open University still has high standards and demands academic achievements from its graduates. Another way in which the Open University is "open" is in the study path it offers to its students. When enrolling in the university, the student does not need to decide the primary focus of his or her degree, nor to determine in advance the pace of the degree (how many years the studies will take). In fact, it is possible to take only a single course or several courses without receiving a degree, or to take several courses per semester, until finally enough courses relevant to a certain academic area have been taken to be eligible for a degree.

title: Carla Cotwright-Williams

text:
She struggled as an undergraduate at California State University, Long Beach, starting in engineering and earning low enough grades to be dismissed from the program, but returning and eventually earning a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 2000. She then earned a master's degrees in mathematics from Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana in 2002.
Initially intending to follow a teaching track, she was persuaded to shift to pure mathematics under the mentorship of an African-American professor, Stella R. Ashford, who became the supervisor for her master's thesis in number theory, "Unique Factorization in Bi-Quadratic Number Fields".

title: Master of Mathematics

text:
In the United Kingdom, the MMath is the internationally recognized standard qualification after a four-year course in mathematics at a university.
The MMath programme was set up by most leading universities after the "Neumann Report" in 1992. It is classed as a level 7 qualification in the Frameworks of Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies. The UCAS course codes for the MMath degrees start at "G100" upwards, most courses taking the codes "G101 - G104".

title: Jinchao Xu

text: Xu received his bachelor’s degree from the Xiangtan University in 1982, his master’s degree from the Peking University in 1984, and his doctoral degree from the Cornell University in 1989. He joined the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) in 1989 as assistant professor of mathematics, was promoted to associate professor in 1991, and to professor in 1995. He was named a Distinguished Professor of Mathematics in 2007, the Francis R. and Helen M. Pentz Professor of Science in 2010, and the Verne M. Willaman Professor of Mathematics in 2015. He is currently the director of the Center for Computational Mathematics and Applications at Penn State.

title: Norman J. Pullman

text:
He earned an M.A. degree in mathematics from Harvard University, and in 1962, he was awarded the Doctorate degree of Mathematics from Syracuse University.
From 1962 to 1965, he was professor of Mathematics at McGill University. And in 1965 he was awarded a postdoctoral fellowship at University of Alberta.

title: GCE Advanced Level

text: Normally, students take between 3 and 5 A Levels in their first year of sixth form, and most cut back to 3 in their second year. This is because university offers are normally based on 3 A Levels. Unlike other level 3 qualifications such as the International Baccalaureate, A Levels have no specific subject requirements, so students have the opportunity to combine any subjects they wish to take. However, students normally pick their courses based on the degree they wish to pursue at university: most degrees require specific A Levels for entry, such as A Level Mathematics for a Mathematics degree.

title: Caroline Uhler

text: Uhler was born in Switzerland. She studied mathematics and biology at the University of Zurich, earning a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 2004, and a second bachelor's degree in biology and master's degree in mathematics in 2006. She stayed at the university for a credential as a high school mathematics teacher in 2007, but instead of becoming a teacher she traveled to the US for graduate education at the University of California, Berkeley. There, she earned both a Ph.D. in statistics and a degree in management of technology from the Haas School of Business in 2011. Her doctoral dissertation, "Geometry of maximum likelihood estimation in Gaussian graphical models", was supervised by Bernd Sturmfels, an algebraic geometer and algebraic statistician.

title: Philosophy of science

text: Philosophy of mathematics is concerned with the philosophical foundations and implications of mathematics. The central questions are whether numbers, triangles, and other mathematical entities exist independently of the human mind and what is the nature of mathematical propositions. Is asking whether "1+1=2" is true fundamentally different from asking whether a ball is red? Was calculus invented or discovered? A related question is whether learning mathematics requires experience or reason alone. What does it mean to prove a mathematical theorem and how does one know whether a mathematical proof is correct? Philosophers of mathematics also aim to clarify the relationships between mathematics and logic, human capabilities such as intuition, and the material universe.

title: Richard Schelp

text:
Schelp received his Bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics from the University of Central Missouri and his Master's degree and doctorate in mathematics from Kansas State University. The adviser from his thesis was Richard Joseph Greechie.
He was an associate mathematician and missile scientist at Johns Hopkins University for five years. He then became an instructor of mathematics at Kansas State University for four years. Finally in 1970 he became a professor of mathematics in the Department of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Memphis. He retired in 2001.

title: T. Thrivikraman

text:
Dr. Thrivikraman was born in Arangottukara, a small village in Thrissur district in Kerala State. After completing his Bachelor's studies in mathematics in Thrissur, he took his master's degree in mathematics from Kerala University in 1964. He started his mathematical career as a lecturer in Mathematics in Mar Athanasius College, Kothamangalam, India, immediately after securing his master's degree. He availed leave from Mar Athanasius College and proceeded to Madurai University to pursue research in mathematics. Initially he secured the Master of Philosophy degree in mathematics in 1969. He was awarded the Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1976 for his dissertation on "Studies in Compactifications and other Extensions" written under the supervision of Prof. T. Soundararajan. In 1977 he moved over to the Department of Mathematics in Cochin University of Science and Technology where he held several positions until his retirement in
2003. After retirement from Cochin University of Science and Technology, he joined St. Joseph's College, Irinjalakuda to help develop a research centre in mathematics. Since 2009, he has been remaining active in mathematics by serving as a Visiting Professor in Kannur University.

title: Ronald C. Read

text: Ronald Read served in the Royal Navy during World War II, then completed a degree in mathematics at the University of Cambridge before joining the University College of the West Indies (later the University of the West Indies) in Jamaica as the second founding member of the Mathematics Department there. In 1970 he moved his family to Canada to take up a post as Professor of Mathematics at the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

title: Marcus Feldman

text: Marcus Feldman was born and raised in Perth, Australia. His father Simon Feldman was an engineer, and this inspired him to take up mathematics. He studied at the University of Western Australia from where he matriculated in 1959, and graduated (with majors in mathematics and statistics) in 1964. In 1966 he obtained Master of Science degree in mathematics from Monash University. He went abroad to US to join a PhD programme at Stanford University. He earned his degree in 1969 under the supervision of Samuel Karlin in the Department of Mathematics. Karlin influenced him to pursue his research in population genetics using his computational know-how.

title: That Thing Called Tadhana

text: On the bus to Baguio, Mace associates a film being shown to a memory she has with her ex-boyfriend. Then at a stopover, after she does the same to everything that Anthony comes up with, she strikes up a deal with him as a means of conditioning herself against the habit. Still, Mace cannot help but ask ""- how does one forget?"" and ""- how long does one take to do it?"". Anthony points out that ""- what's important is to forget"" - how and how long was ""- up to her"".

title: Zbigniew Marciniak

text: He graduated mathematic studies in 1976 on the Department of Mathematic, IT and Mechanics of Warsaw University. In 1982 he was taking a PhD degree in Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and postdoctoral degree in 1997. Dr. Marciniak specializes in Group theory and Ring theory.

title: Tompkins Table

text: The Tompkins Table is an annual ranking that lists the Colleges of the University of Cambridge in order of their undergraduate students' performances in that year's examinations. Two colleges - Darwin and Clare Hall - do not have undergraduate students and therefore do not feature in the list. It was created in 1981 by Peter Tompkins, then a third-year undergraduate mathematics student at Trinity College, who until 2015 compiled it every year exclusively for the newspaper "The Independent". Since 2016, it has been published by Varsity, a student newspaper of the University of Cambridge. It is not an official University of Cambridge table. It does not take account of students who are not candidates for Honours degrees, or those who have failed to gain a degree.

title: Weinan E

text: E Weinan was born in Jingjiang, China. He completed his undergraduate studies in the Department of Mathematics at University of Science and Technology of China in 1982, and his master's degree in Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science at Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1985. He obtained his Ph.D. degree under the advice of Björn Engquist in the Department of Mathematics at University of California, Los Angeles in 1989. He then became a visiting member in Courant Institute, New York University from 1989 to 1991, and a member in Institute for Advanced Study from 1991 to 1992. After spending two more years as a long term member in Institute for Advanced Study, he joined Courant Institute, New York University as an associate professor in 1994, and became a full professor in 1997. Since 1999, he has been holding a professorship in the Department of Mathematics and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics at Princeton University. He has also been holding a professorship in the Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research (BICMR) since 2005.

title: Lazarus Angbazo

text: He attended Government College Keffi. He obtained his Bachelors Degree from the Ahmadu Bello University Zaria with a First Class Honors Degree in Mathematics in 1982. From there he studied Industrial Engineering and Operations Research for his Masters' Degree at the University of Iowa before taking a PhD in Corporate Finance at the New York University.

title: Mylo

text: At the University of Edinburgh, MacInnes studied mathematics, taking second-year mathematics classes in his first year. Submitting an open application, he then applied to study mathematics and philosophy at the University of Oxford and was allocated Brasenose College. In 1999, MacInnes graduated in Psychology, Philosophy and Physiology with a first-class degree.

title: James C. Spencer

text: From a previous marriage to the former Oneita Hildebrand, Spencer had a son, Charles H. Spencer (born 1954), who is married to Anita Spencer, of Houston, Texas. James and Oneita Spencer lived in Texarkana, but the obituary does not indicate whether their residence was in Texas or Arkansas or how long they lived there. In 1936, Spencer received a degree in textile engineering from Texas Tech, presumably motivated by cotton which was then prevalent in east Texas. Nine years later upon his discharge from the military in 1945, Spencer served on the police force of the U.S. House of Representatives while he attended law school at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. His obituary does not indicate if he received a law degree. With his second marriage, he moved to Lubbock to take a position with the U.S. Postal Service, which he held until his retirement in the middle 1980s. He was a member of the Masonic lodge.

title: Academic degree

text: Some universities award a Master's as a first degree following an integrated programme of study (an 'integrated master's degree'). These degrees are usually designated by the subject, such as Master of Engineering for engineering, Master of Physics for physics, Master of Mathematics for mathematics and so on; it usually takes four years to read for them. Graduation to these degrees is always with honours. Master of Engineering in particular has now become the standard first degree in engineering at the top UK universities, replacing the older Bachelor of Engineering.

title: Carolyn Parker

text: Carolyn Parker was one of six children, all but one of whom received natural science or mathematics degrees. Mary Parker Miller had a Masters of Science in mathematics from New York University in 1975; Juanita Parker Wynter had a Bachelor of Science in mathematics and chemistry, and a Master of Science from New York University; Julie Leslie Parker had a Bachelor of Science in mathematics from Fisk University and a master's degree in medical technology from Meharry Medical College; and Julius Parker Jr had a master's degree in chemistry from the University of Michigan. The sixth sibling, Martha Parker, studied social sciences, gaining a master's degree from Temple University.

title: College athletics in the United States

text: If full ride scholarships to top universities is not suitable compensation for student-athletes, a college education and degree is being devalued. Student-athletes may heavily invest their time into the sport they play, however, that does not change the worth of their academic degree. Every student-athlete is not going to become a professional athlete, but they are guaranteed a college education and degree to help them graduate with little or no debt via their scholarships. If universities start paying student-athletes, the universities would not be focused on what the student-athletes are attending for, which is the education and degree they receive. An education in the long-run is very valuable, and with the scholarships the student-athletes get, they can take advantage of a great education at little to no cost.

title: Nirvana Gounden

text:
Nirvana Gounden, MEd, PhD scholar at the University of KwaZulu-Natal,(born 1984) is a South African Educationist and Author mathematics. She specializes in Mathematics Education, and holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Biological Sciences and an Advanced Certificate in Education Mathematics
Gounden attended college at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) and the University of South Africa at University of South Africa in Durban, South Africa where she received her undergraduate and postgraduate degrees including a Master's degree in Education. She had worked as a Mathematics and Science teacher for eight years at The Department of Education in Durban, South Africa.

title: Assured clear distance ahead

text: Drivers need not and are not required to precisely determine the maximum safe speed from real-time mathematical calculations of sight distances and stopping distances for their particular vehicle. Motor vehicle operators of average intelligence are constantly required to utilize their kinesthetic memory in all sorts of driving tasks including every time they brake to a full stop at a stop line in a panoply of conditions. Like throwing a softball, one does not have to mathematically calculate a trajectory or firing solution in order to hit a target with repeated accuracy. During the earliest stages of learning how to drive, one develops a memory of when to start braking (how long it takes) from various speeds in order to stop at the limit line. While there may be a degree of variance of such skill in seasoned drivers, they generally do not have the discretion in engaging in a behavior such as driving a speed above which no reasonable minds might differ as to whether it is unsafe or that one could come to a stop within the full distance ahead.

title: Actuarial credentialing and exams

text: Actuarial training in Sweden takes place at Stockholm University. The five-year master's program (for those with no previous university-level knowledge in mathematics, or without a bachelor's degree in mathematics) covers the subjects mathematics, mathematical statistics, insurance mathematics, financial mathematics, insurance law and insurance economics. The program operates under the Division of Mathematical Statistics . For those with a bachelor's degree in mathematics statistics or with a master's degree in mathematics, a two years full-time master's degree Aktuarieprogrammet has been created since 2002, at Stockholm University, which has a long history of research on insurance mathematics.

title: Natashia Boland

text: Boland pursued degrees in both mathematics and computer science at the University of Western Australia. She at first hated computer science, but later began to love it as she realized how intertwined mathematics and computers were. For her honours degree, Boland studied robotics. Boland completed her PhD in 1992 under the supervision of Alistair Iain Mees, and took two postdoctoral fellowships at the University of Waterloo in Canada and at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

title: Yazd University

text: 2. Department of Mathematical Sciences: The Department of Mathematical Sciences was founded in 1977 under the name of Mathematics and initially offered only B.Sc. in Mathematics, M.Sc. and PhD in Pure and Applied Mathematics were added in 1994 and 2004 respectively. Moreover, the M.Sc. in Financial Mathematics as a new interdisciplinary branch of Applied Mathematics began in 2011. The Computer Science was founded in the Department of Mathematics of Yazd University in 2001, and since then has accepted students for the Bachelor of Science degree. From 2009, the master's degree and in 2012 the PhD degree in computer science started.

title: Education in Finland

text: In mathematics, the advanced level is in practice a prerequisite for the more competitive university science programs, such as those of the universities of technology, other university mathematical science programs, and medicine. In mathematics, 20% of the matriculation examinees take the advanced level. The nationwide matriculation exam together with entirely percentile-based grading provides an easy way to objectively classify each student based on their mathematical ability, regardless of the year when the exam was taken. For example, assuming that the best mathematical students are selected first to the upper academic school and then to the advanced mathematics curriculum, the students achieving laudatur would comprise the mathematically best 0.4% of the age group, comparable to 800 SAT mathematics section. The percentile equality does not, however, mean that the absolute level of a laudatur student in the advanced mathematics in Finland is equal to that of an 800 SAT student in the USA, due to differences in the mean quality of the population.

title: Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi

text: Mashriqi was educated initially at home before attending schools in Amritsar. From an early age, he showed a passion for mathematics. After completing his Bachelor of Arts degree with First Class honours at Forman Christian College in Lahore, he completed his master's degree in Mathematics from the University of the Punjab, taking a First Class for the first time in the history of the University.

title: Levi Nyagura

text: Levi Nyagura holds a PhD in Mathematics from Southern Illinois University, USA. He has a background as a Mathematics lecturer; he graduated with a Bachelor of Science Special Honours in Mathematics from the University of Rhodesia, then graduated with a BSc degree in Mathematics and Physics from University of London, United Kingdom. He went on to complete a Graduate Certificate of Education at the University of Zimbabwe and later an MSc degree in Mathematics with the University of South Africa before doing his PhD in the United States.


query: What is the cause of World War 2?

title: Causes of World War II

text: Among the causes of World War II were Italian fascism in the 1920s, Japanese militarism and invasion of China in the 1930s, and especially the political takeover in 1933 of Germany by Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party and its aggressive foreign policy. The immediate cause was Germany invading Poland on September 1, 1939, and Britain and France declaring war on Germany on September 3, 1939.

title: Causes of World War I

text: Although general narratives of the war tend to emphasis the importance of Alliances in binding the major powers to act in the event of a crisis such as the July Crisis, historians like Margaret MacMillan warn against the argument that alliances forced the great powers to act as they did: "What we tend to think of as fixed alliances before the First World War were nothing of the sort. They were much more loose, much more porous, much more capable of change."

title: Economic antisemitism

text: In 1915, during World War I, Ford blamed Jews for instigating the war: "I know who caused the war: German-Jewish bankers". In 1925, Ford said, "What I oppose most is the international Jewish money power that is met in every war. That is what I oppose - a power that has no country and that can order the young men of all countries out to death". According to Steven Watts, Ford's antisemitism was partially caused by a desire for world peace.

title: Causes of World War I

text: "Should the war come, and England stand aside, one of two things must happen. (a) Either Germany and Austria win, crush France and humiliate Russia. What will be the position of a friendless England? (b) Or France and Russia win. What would be their attitude towards England? What about India and the Mediterranean?"

title: Vicenza

text:
Vicenza's area was a location of major combat in both World War I (on the Asiago plateau) and World War II (a focal center of the Italian resistance), and it was the most damaged city in Veneto by Allied bombings, including many of its monuments; the civil victims were over 2,000. The end of World War II was followed by a period of depression, caused by the devastation during the two world wars. In the 1960s, the whole central part of Veneto, witnessed a strong economic development caused by the emergence of small and medium family businesses, ranging in a vast array of products (that often emerged illegally) that paved the way for what would be known as the ""miracolo del nord-est"" ("miracle of the northeast").
In the following years, the economic development grew vertiginously. Huge industrial areas sprouted around the city, massive and disorganized urbanization and employment of foreign immigrants increased.

title: Civilian casualty ratio

text: According to most sources, World War II was the most lethal war in world history, with some 70 million killed in six years. The civilian to combatant fatality ratio in World War II lies somewhere between 3:2 and 2:1, or from 60% to 67%. The high ratio of civilian casualties in this war was due in part to the increasing effectiveness and lethality of strategic weapons which were used to target enemy industrial or population centers, and famines caused by economic disruption. An estimated 2.1–3 million Indians died in the Bengal famine of 1943 in British India during World War II. A substantial number of civilians in this war were also deliberately killed by Axis Powers as a result of racial policies (for example, the Holocaust) or ethnic cleansing campaigns.

title: History of London

text: During World War I, London experienced its first bombing raids carried out by German zeppelin airships; these killed around 700 people and caused great terror, but were merely a foretaste of what was to come. The city of London would experience many more terrors as a result of both World Wars. The largest explosion in London occurred during World War I: the Silvertown explosion, when a munitions factory containing 50 tons of TNT exploded, killing 73 and injuring 400.

title: Budaörs Airport

text:
The need for the replacement of Budaörs by a larger airport had been clear since 1939. Hills surrounding Budaörs Airport, a lack of room for expansion, and the need for longer, hard runways led the development of what would become Budapest Ferihegy International Airport. Ferihegy was ready in 1943, but bombing during World War 2 caused extensive damage to it. As Budaörs had survived the war relatively intact, it continued its service as the primary international airport until repairs at Ferihegy were completed. Ferihegy was reopened on 7 May 1950, and a Lisunov Li-2 flew in from Budaörs to mark the occasion.
All international services transferred from Budaörs shortly afterwards, and recreational flying and parachuting activities which had gone on at Ferihegy moved to Budaörs.

title: Annika Mombauer

text: Mombauer was a contributor to Max Hastings' documentary about the causes of World War I, "The Necessary War", broadcast by BBC 2 in February 2014.

title: War and the Future

text: "War and the Future"'s final part is entitled "How People Think about the War" and addresses a miscellany of subjects: (1) the failure of contemporaries to grasp the nature and causes of the war; (2) the psychology of what he calls "the Yielding Pacifist" (willing to accept any sort of peace), whose origins he finds in "the Resentful Employé," and of "the Conscientious Objector," pages he later deeply regretted; (3) the effect of the war on religious thought; (4) French and Italian doubts about the British; (5) the effect of the war on future labour relations; (6) the prospects for ending the war. On the last subject, Wells saw a possibility of victory in 1917, but allowed that "the war, universally detested, may go on into 1918 or 1919." Wells said that "America should ultimately undertake the responsibility of a world peace settlement."

title: Propaganda in World War I

text:
World War I was the first war in which mass media and propaganda played a significant role in keeping the people at home informed about what was occurring on the battlefields. This was also the first war in which the government systematically produced propaganda as a way to target the public and alter their opinion.
External propaganda to other countries was an integral part of the diplomatic history of World War I and was designed to build support for the cause, or to undermine support for the enemy.

title: Political views of Albert Einstein

text: Einstein was a lifelong pacifist and believed that wars stood in the way of human progress. He believed that wars were the result of natural aggressive tendencies found within all organisms and that the aims and causes of war were simply justification for these tendencies. He advocated the creation of a supranational organization would make war as impossible in Europe as it was impossible between the former kingdoms that comprised the German Empire. Einstein was horrified by the destruction caused by World War I and promoted what he referred to as the "two percent plan". According to the plan, nations would be unable to wage war if one in 50 men refused to serve in the military.

title: Pictou Harbour

text: Pictou Shipyard was established during World War 2, causing the population of the town to triple, and is notable for its construction of 24 Park ships over a two-year period during World War 2, and continues in business today.

title: Skiffe's Creek

text: About 2 miles east of the Skiffe's Creek crossing, the Lee Hall depot was built in 1881-82, and later expanded. The station served tens of thousands of soldiers based at what became nearby Fort Eustis during World War I and World War II.

title: European foreign policy of the Chamberlain ministry

text: A major historiographical debate about Chamberlain's foreign policy was triggered in 1976 by the American historian Simon K. Newman's book "March 1939". Newman denied there was ever a policy of appeasement as popularly understood. Newman maintained that British foreign policy under Chamberlain aimed at denying Germany a "free hand" anywhere in Europe, and to the extent that concessions were offered they were due to military weaknesses, compounded by the economic problems of rearmament. Most controversially, Newman contended that the British guarantee to Poland in March 1939 was motivated by the desire to have Poland as a potential anti-German ally, thereby blocking the chance for a German-Polish settlement of the Danzig (modern Gdańsk, Poland) question by encouraging what Newman claimed was Polish obstinacy over the Danzig issue, and thus causing World War II. Newman argued that German-Polish talks on the question of returning Danzig had been going well until Chamberlain's guarantee, and that it was Chamberlain's intention to sabotage the talks as a way of causing an Anglo-German war. In Newman's opinion, the guarantee of Poland was meant by Chamberlain as a "deliberate challenge" to start a war with Germany in 1939. In this way, Newman argued that World War II, far from being a case of German aggression was really just an Anglo-German struggle for power. Newman wrote that World War II was not "Hitler's unique responsibility..." and rather contended that "Instead of a German war of aggrandizement, the war become one of Anglo-German rivalry for power and influence, the culmination of the struggle for the right to determine the future configuration of Europe". The "Newman controversy" caused much historical debate about what were Chamberlain's reasons for the "guarantee" of Poland in March 1939, with some reviewers arguing that Newman had failed to support his case with sufficient evidence, whilst the Polish historian Anna Cienciala described Newman's views as wrong, and argued the British and French wanted to avoid war by pressuring the Poles to make concessions. Recently, Newman's book was cited by the American journalist Patrick Buchanan in his 2008 book "Churchill, Hitler, and "The Unnecessary War"" to lend support to his assertion that the British guarantee of Poland in March 1939 was an act of folly that caused an "unnecessary war" with Germany.

title: History of antisemitism in the United States

text: In 1915, during World War I, Ford blamed Jews for instigating the war, saying "I know who caused the war: German-Jewish bankers." Later, in 1925, Ford said "What I oppose most is the international Jewish money power that is met in every war. That is what I oppose—a power that has no country and that can order the young men of all countries out to death'". According to author Steven Watts, Ford's antisemitism was partially due to a noble desire for world peace.

title: Famine

text: Various famines have occurred in Vietnam. Japanese occupation during World War II caused the Vietnamese Famine of 1945, which caused 2 million deaths, or 10% of the population then. Following the unification of the country after the Vietnam War, Vietnam experienced a food shortage in the 1980s, which prompted many people to flee the country.

title: French entry into World War I

text: Allies of World War I Causes of World War I July Crisis Diplomatic history of World War I Historiography of the causes of World War I Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I British entry into World War I German entry into World War I Russian entry into World War I Ottoman entry into World War I American entry into World War I International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) France–Germany relations France–United Kingdom relations History of French foreign relations

title: Graham T. Allison

text: Allison coined the phrase Thucydides Trap to refer to when a rising power causes fear in an established power which escalates toward war. Thucydides wrote: "What made war inevitable was the growth of Athenian power and the fear which this caused in Sparta." The term appeared in a full-page ad in "The New York Times" on April 6, 2017, the day of U.S. President Donald Trump's meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping: "Both major players in the region share a moral obligation to steer away from Thucydides's Trap." Other past examples of Thucyidides's Trap include the start of World War I, the War of the Spanish Succession, the U.S. Civil War, and the Thirty Years War.

title: Traitor (Star Wars novel)

text: As they travel back to the New Republic, Jacen reveals to Vergere that he convinced the World Brain to teach the Yuuzhan Vong the concept of compromise; the brain will cause problems throughout the Vong's occupation of the world so that for once, the invaders will know that not everything will ever be perfect for them. Vergere applauds Jacen for applying what she taught him throughout the novel to the World Brain."Traitor" was the first "Star Wars" novel that did not include any characters from the films.

title: Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I

text: On 28 July 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Within days, long-standing mobilization plans went into effect to initiate invasions or guard against them and Russia, France and Britain stood arrayed against Austria and Germany in what at the time was called the "Great War", and was later named "World War I" or "First World War." Austria thought in terms of one small limited war involving just the two countries. It did not plan a wider war such as exploded in a matter of days. British historian John Zametica argued that Austria-Hungary was primarily responsible for starting the war, as its leaders believed that a successful war was the only way it could remain a Great Power, solve deep internal disputes caused by Hungarian demands, and take control of the Balkans before the Russians moved in.

text: In the 1960s two theories emerged to explain the causes of World War I. One championed by the West German historian Andreas Hillgruber argued that in 1914, a "calculated risk" on the part of Berlin had gone awry. Hillgruber argued that what the Imperial German government had attempted to do in 1914 was to break the informal Triple Entente of Russia, France and Britain by encouraging Austria-Hungary to invade Serbia and thus provoke a crisis in an area that would concern only St. Petersburg. Hillgruber argued that the Germans hoped that both Paris and London would decide the crisis in the Balkans did not concern them and that lack of Anglo-French support would lead the Russians to reach an understanding with Germany. Hillgruber argued that when the Austrian attack on Serbia caused Russia to mobilize instead of backing down, the German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg under strong pressure from a hawkish General Staff led by General Moltke the Younger panicked and ordered the Schlieffen Plan to be activated, thus leading to a German attack on France. In Hillgruber’s opinion the German government had pursued a high-risk diplomatic strategy of provoking a war in the Balkans that had inadvertently caused a world war.

title: World War I film propaganda

text: Nations were new to cinema and its capability to spread and influence mass sentiment at the start of World War I. The early years of the war were experimental in regard to using films as a propaganda tool, but eventually became a central instrument for what George Mosse has called the "nationalization of the masses" as nations learned to manipulate emotions to mobilize the people for a national cause against the imagined or real enemy.

title: Repudiation of debt at the Russian Revolution

text: Between the beginning of the war and Bolsheviks’ accession to power, the debt soared to £3,385 million, about 3.5 times what it had been. Furthermore, the Tsar's participation in the First World War caused 3,300,000 deaths in Russia between 1914 and February 1917: 1,800,000 soldiers and 1,500,000 civilians. Thus, the burden of the war finally caused a complete collapse of the economy and a change in the political system.

title: New Genres

text: To understand the movement of New Genres, it is important to look at the events occurring simultaneously in the 20th century. In the first half of the century, World War I broke out and caused devastation to much of Eastern Europe. In America, the Great Depression caused a major economic crises that affected many parts of the world. World War II quickly followed, splitting the world into two alliances: the Allies and the Axis. This war caused tremendous damage and introduced new tragedies into the world, such as the Holocaust and the first nuclear weapons.

title: War

text:
Recent rapid increases in the technologies of war, and therefore in its destructiveness (see mutual assured destruction), have caused widespread public concern, and have in all probability forestalled, and may altogether prevent the outbreak of a nuclear World War III. At the end of each of the last two World Wars, concerted and popular efforts were made to come to a greater understanding of the underlying dynamics of war and to thereby hopefully reduce or even eliminate it altogether. These efforts materialized in the forms of the League of Nations, and its successor, the United Nations.
In 1947, in view of the rapidly increasingly destructive consequences of modern warfare, and with a particular concern for the consequences and costs of the newly developed atom bomb, Albert Einstein famously stated, "I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones."

title: Polarity (international relations)

text: In both World Wars, much of the world, and especially Europe, the United States and Japan had been divided into two respective spheres – one case being the Axis and Allies of World War II (1939–1945) – and the division of power between the Central Powers and Allied powers during World War I (1914–1918). Neutral nations, however, may have caused what may be assessed as an example of tripolarity as well within both of the conflicts.

title: Causes of World War I

text: Following the German invasion of neutral Belgium, Britain issued an ultimatum to Germany on 2 August to withdraw or face war. The Germans did not comply, and Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914.

title: Flight World War II

text: Airline Pilot Captain William Strong (Faran Tahir) is flying International Airlines Flight 42 from Washington, D.C. to London. Among the passengers are two World War 2 historians attending an event in London. Air traffic control notifies the pilots of clear skies, but, moments later, they come across an electromagnetic storm. With their instruments malfunctioning, they have no choice but to enter the storm and unknowingly enter a wormhole. The wormhole transports them back to 1940. Strong assures the passengers that they are safe. The plane flies in the dark for some time before coming across German strike aircraft bombing Saint-Nazaire. Strong escapes the chaos, and assures the passengers of their safety. Meanwhile, the historians, through their observations, discover that what they have been experiencing line up with what happened during World War 2 and the storm had transported them back to this time. They attempt to convince the pilots and the crew. Meanwhile, a suspicious passenger overhears the ensuing argument and eavesdrops.

title: Diplomatic history of World War I

text: In early 1917 Berlin forced the issue. The decision to try to sink every ship on the high seas was the immediate cause of American entry into the war. Five American merchant ships went down in March. If further evidence were needed, the German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmerman, approached Mexico for an alliance; Mexico would join Germany in a war and be rewarded with the return of lost territories in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. Outraged public opinion now overwhelmingly supported Wilson when he asked Congress for a declaration of war on April 2, 1917. The United States had a moral responsibility to enter the war, he proclaimed, to make the world safe for democracy. The future of the world was being determined on the battlefield, and American national interest demanded a voice. Wilson's definition of the situation won wide acclaim, and, indeed, has shaped America's role in world and military affairs ever since. Wilson saw that if Germany would win, the consequences would be bad for the United States. Germany would dominate Europe, which in turn controlled much of the world through colonies. The solution was "peace without victory" Wilson said. He meant a peace shaped by the United States along the lines of what in 1918 became Wilson's Fourteen Points.

title: The Dearborn Independent

text: In 1915 Ford blamed Jews for instigating World War I, saying "I know who caused the war: German-Jewish bankers." Later, in 1925, Ford said "What I oppose most is the international Jewish money power that is met in every war. That is what I oppose – a power that has no country and that can order the young men of all countries out to death."


query: On what channel did One Life to Live first air?

title: One Life to Live

text: One Life to Live (often abbreviated as OLTL) is an American soap opera broadcast on the ABC television network for more than 43 years, from July 15, 1968, to January 13, 2012, and then on the internet as a web series on Hulu and iTunes via The Online Network from April 29 to August 19, 2013.[2][3][4] Created by Agnes Nixon, the series was the first daytime drama to primarily feature ethnically and socioeconomically diverse characters and consistently emphasize social issues.[2] One Life to Live was expanded from 30 minutes to 45 minutes on July 26, 1976, and then to an hour on January 16, 1978.

title: PBA on ESPN5

text: Sports5 proposed to move the coverage of the PBA games to their sister channel AksyonTV starting with the 2013 PBA Governors' Cup. The league however rejected this move since the contract between them and Sports5 states the league should be aired on a VHF channel. Sports5 then offered to air the second game of a doubleheader playdate on their main TV network TV5, one hour after the first game finishes, with the first game to be aired on a delayed basis after the second game (similar on what Vintage Sports did to the coverage of the PBA Games from 1982 to 1986). However, both games will be aired live on AksyonTV. This proposal was denied by the PBA Board of Governors since this violates the terms of their contract with Sports5.

title: A.N.T. Farm

text: A.N.T. Farm is an American teen sitcom which originally aired on Disney Channel from May 6, 2011 to March 21, 2014. It first aired on May 6, 2011, as a special one-episode preview and continued as a regular series starting on June 17, 2011. After airing as the preview of the series, the pilot episode "transplANTed" later re-aired after the series finale of "The Suite Life on Deck". The series was created by Dan Signer, a former writer and co-executive producer of "The Suite Life on Deck" and creator of the YTV series "Mr. Young". In mid-November 2010, Disney Channel greenlit the series, with production beginning in early 2011. The first promo was released during the premiere of "Lemonade Mouth".

title: Celebrity Big Brother (UK TV series)

text: "Celebrity Big Brother" began as a one-time spin-off series to the original "Big Brother UK", and premiered on Channel 4 on 9 March 2001. Following the successful first series, the show returned the following year for a second series. Though the show did not air for the next two years, it returned in 2005 and 2006. Following the highly controversial fifth series in 2007, the show did not return in 2008. It did air in 2009, but it was officially axed after the seventh series in 2010 when Channel 4 chose to cancel the programme as well as the main series. Despite this, it was picked up by Channel 5, and "Celebrity Big Brother" returned in 2011. Since 2012, two editions of "Celebrity Big Brother" have aired each year, with one airing in January and one airing following the conclusion of the civilian series in August. The show was initially hosted by Davina McCall from its inception to its cancellation by Channel 4. Despite being offered the position of host following the show's move to Channel 5, McCall chose not to return. Brian Dowling, who had won on "Big Brother 2" and "Ultimate Big Brother", replaced McCall as the host of the series. Dowling hosted the eighth to eleventh series, before being replaced by Emma Willis from the twelfth series onward. Marcus Bentley has narrated the series since its inception in 2001.

title: Barbarians (miniseries)

text: Barbarians is a 2004 miniseries on The History Channel which tells the story of tribes from the early and late Middle Ages. Two series have currently been produced, each consisting of four episodes – the first aired in 2004, and the second aired in 2007. The series tells about what the groups did, who they conquered, and how they fell. Clancy Brown narrated both seasons. The 2004 miniseries was History Channel's highest-rated telecast of the year.

title: Vrak

text:
Since its creation as Le Canal Famille, the channel airs animated series, teen sitcoms and light-hearted dramas. Many of them are French dubs of English-language programs such as "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", "Charmed", "What I Like About You", "Degrassi: The Next Generation", "Gilmore Girls", "One Tree Hill", "The O.C.", "Life with Derek", "Smallville", "SpongeBob SquarePants", "That '70s Show", "90210", "Gossip Girl", and many others. It also aired programs from Disney Channel; due to the launch of La chaîne Disney by Corus Entertainment, the last remaining Disney Channel show on the channel, "Good Luck Charlie" ("Bonne chance Charlie" in French), was removed from the schedule in September 2016. The channel also features local Quebec French language productions, such as "Il était une fois dans le trouble" and "Une grenade avec ça?". Other series that the channel popularized were "Dans une galaxie près de chez vous" and "Radio Enfer". As of 2010, the channel has aired films weekly.
Initially, as required by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), the channel carried no commercials until 2006. However, it aired promotional messages, interstitial programs (such as help segments known as "R-Force" (pronounced like "Air Force")), and public service announcements instead. The channel airs commercials as of 2006.

title: Star Bharat

text:
Star One was an Indian television youth channel that primarily broadcast Hindi entertainment based in Mumbai. It was launched on 1 November 2004. Part of News Corporation's Star TV network in Asia and distributed to worldwide by Fox International Channels. In November 2006, Star One, along with Star Gold launched in the UK on Sky Digital channel 829 before moving to 783, it was expected that Star One would arrive on Freeview, Freesat, TalkTalk TV, WightCable and Smallworld Cable launching in January 2013.
Star One ceased its operation on 18 December 2011. This channel was then rebranded as Life OK, and launched by Star Network on 18 December 2011. There were talks of carrying on the two popular shows on the replacement channel, but these did not pan out.
The channel launched on 18 December 2011, and is distributed in many parts of the world. The channel replaced STAR India's now defunct youth-oriented channel STAR One. The channel underwent an identity change on 28 August 2017 by replacing Life OK. The entire channel name and branding has been changed and the channel is known as STAR Bharat.
Life OK started their HD version in India with high definition 1080i picture quality And 5.1 Dolby digital sound in October 2012.
The channel launched in the United States on 1 March 2012, though its programs were aired on STAR India One prior to its launch. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Life OK also ran under the STAR One brand until 28 May 2012, when it became Star Life OK.
On 9 September 2012, Life OK's mythological drama Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev recorded an 8.2 TVR, its highest TRP of 167.
The channel went off-air on 28 August 2017 and was replaced by Star Bharat.

title: Disney XD (United Kingdom and Ireland)

text:
The channel has expanded to include live-action films and sports coverage developed in collaboration with ESPN The channel launched the original series "Aaron Stone", animated series "Phineas and Ferb" and the live-action series "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody". The channel continued to air shows that previously aired on Jetix, such as "", "Jimmy Two-Shoes", "Kid vs. Kat", "" and "Phil of the Future".
Since 2017, the timeshift channel of Disney XD has occasionally been replaced by pop-up temporary channels which last a month.

title: Islam Channel

text: Health Show (Live Surgery) gave Islam Channel viewers an insight into the medical world showcasing life changing surgeries. The first episode was aired on "25 November 2015" with a live satellite feed from The London Vision Clinic "(Harley Street)" where audiences witnessed a Lasik Eye surgery Live. This was a milestone for the channel as it was the first Live broadcast of a surgical procedure produced within a programme and highlighted health concerns and the improvements needed in lifestyle for ethnic minorities.

title: Channel 4 F1

text: On 21 December 2015, the BBC announced that it would end its deal with Formula One three years early due to budget cuts and would transfer the remaining three years to Channel 4. Channel 4 will be showing ten selected races live without advertisements and every race (even live) will be shown as highlights. Channel 4 will be the first free-to-air station that will not run commercial breaks during its ten live races.

title: Flaunt (TV channel)

text: Flaunt originally started out as a Pop and Dance channel from its launch during its first incarnation. The channel had a more female oriented appeal for the first year of its existence. Its first logo was a pink logo and had grey and white graphics. The channel did one time used to air entertainment programming from Red Carpet Bitch with British TV Presenter Julian Bennett that focused on celebrity gossip. The Flaunt Chart Show which used to be a weekly chart countdown on the UK Top 20 pop singles which was also broadcast on the UK TV channel Five from 2003 until 2004. Flaunt also had first time exclusive rights to air Popworld before Channel 4 aired it on their main channel which is a show made by Channel 4.

title: All My Children

text: On May 17, 2013, The Online Network announced that "All My Children" and "One Life To Live" would no longer air five days a week together, due to viewer ratings that reflect online viewing patterns rather than those of traditional television. Starting May 20, 2013, "All My Children" and "One Life To Life" will be presented in a new schedule, with AMC airing on Mondays and Wednesdays and OLTL airing Tuesdays and Thursdays. The recap shows "MORE All My Children" and "MORE One Life To Life" will also combine together as one show airing on Fridays. The following day on May 18, 2013, both shows were noticeably missing from the FX Canada website and schedule, and although they subsequently became available on iTunes Canada, it was later revealed that FX Canada dropped "All My Children" and "One Life To Live" due the reduction of episodes, as the carriage agreement had specifically called for the airing of four episodes per week of both shows. Due to the reduction, FX Canada stated that ""the agreement is no longer valid"". On May 20, 2013, the first episodes of the new "All My Children" and "One Life To Live" were available worldwide on The Online Network's YouTube page, "TOLNSoaps".

title: Asia's Next Top Model

text: "Asia's Next Top Model" is broadcast in all parts of Asia via cable channel Star World (then Fox Life). The first and fifth seasons of the series are free to watch on the show's official YouTube channel, but the videos are currently set to private viewing. All other local free-to-air channels air the series on a one-week delayed schedule.

title: Television in Bulgaria

text: In 1954, a team at the Machine and Electrotechnics Institute in Sofia (today called the Technical University of Sofia) started experimental television broadcasting with two antennas (one for sound and one for image) on the roof of a building near the Vasil Levski monument in the city, after having previously conducted successful cable test transmissions. These experimental broadcasts aroused the interest of the Ministry of Communications, which decided to build a broadcasting tower in Sofia, with a state-controlled channel to air from it. The new channel started with an unofficial broadcast on November 1, 1959, and made its first official broadcast several days later with the live coverage of the November 7 manifestation, commemorating the Russian Revolution of 1917. The experimental channel of the MEI did not air anything but a test chart on that day, although it did show a greeting to the new Sofia Television Station three times after 19:05. The MEI channel continued to operate until late 1960, when the team started working on the future introduction of color television.

title: One Life to Live

text: On May 17, 2013 The Online Network announced that All My Children and One Life To Live will no longer air five days a week together, due to viewer ratings that have been seen as certain patterns that resemble more closely the typical patterns of online viewing rather than how one would watch traditional television. Starting May 20, 2013 All My Children and One Life To Life will be presented in a new schedule, with AMC airing on Mondays and Wednesdays and OLTL airing Tuesdays and Thursdays. The recap shows MORE All My Children and MORE One Life To Life will also combine together as one show airing on Fridays. The following day on May 18, 2013, both shows were noticeably missing from the FX Canada website and schedule, and subsequently were available on iTunes Canada, it was later revealed that FX Canada dropped "All My Children" and "One Life To Live" due the reduction of episodes, the carriage agreement called for four episodes a week of both shows. With the reduction, FX Canada has said "the agreement is no longer valid."[66][67] On May 20, 2013, the first episodes of the new All My Children and One Life To Live were available worldwide on The Online Network's YouTube page, TOLNSoaps.[68]

title: 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief

text: While every major U.S. media company aired the benefit on at least one of their networks, none of the major over-the-air television networks including CBS, ABC, Fox and NBC aired it, and neither did the major cable-news networks of CNN, MSNBC and the Fox News Channel. Clear Channel broadcast the concert live on some of its radio stations across the country and also streamed it live on iHeartRadio, its digital-radio service, and across the websites and Facebook pages of its 850 stations. The concert also aired in conjunction with the NBA's television and online streaming broadcasts in China and simulcast live on Clear Channel Outdoor digital billboards in Times Square and locations in London and Paris.

title: Veronica Mars

text: Subscription channel Living began showing the series in the United Kingdom in October 2005, averaging 50,000 viewers per episode for its first season. The channel began airing the second season on June 8, 2006, airing one episode per week rather than showing one every night as they did in the first season. Despite low ratings in the second season, Living decided to air the series' third season. It was syndicated through the Living TV Group platform, airing on the now defunct channel Trouble just before its closure. Free-to-air channel E4 began broadcasting the series from July 16, 2009.

title: Time Team Live

text: Time Team Live is a British television series that airs on Channel 4. The first programme was shown in 1997 and the most recent was in 2006. Presented by the actor Tony Robinson, this is a live version of the archaeology series "Time Team", showing more of what happens in real time, than when the cut-down episode airs on Channel 4.

title: Flyers Postgame Live

text: Affiliate channels NBC and NBC Sports broadcast a few Flyers games each season nationally, amongst games of other National Hockey League teams. For those games, local "Flyers Postgame Live" is not aired. Instead, NBC/NBC Sports provides their own post-game shows. However, during the playoffs, especially in later rounds, "Flyers Postgame Live" is likely to air on NBCSP regardless of what channel airs the game.

title: Soapnet

text: In 2002, Soapnet began airing reruns of "Dynasty", and by 2003, the channel added highly requested programming such as reruns of "Another World" and "Dallas"; replacing "Falcon Crest", "The Colbys", "Hotel", and "Sisters". In 2004, Soapnet acquired the rights to broadcast "Days of Our Lives" episodes on a same-day basis. The channel also aired the 1975 to 1981 episodes of "Ryan's Hope", which had not been seen on television since its 1989 cancellation by ABC. At that time, many viewers who did not have Soapnet at its inception petitioned to have the channel broadcast the show from the very beginning. In 2003, the channel aired the first episodes starting on St. Patrick's Day.

title: Soapnet

text: Due to it being owned by The Walt Disney Company, which also owns ABC, Soapnet cross-promoted "All My Children" and "One Life to Live" using the tagline "weekdays on ABC and weeknights on SOAPnet" when both shows aired on ABC. The same slogan continued to be used in promotions for "General Hospital" until the week of April 30, 2012 (inclusively). After a three-month hiatus, the "weekdays on ABC and weeknights on SOAPnet" slogan was revived in August 2012, but was used only for "General Hospital" promos airing on Soapnet and not those seen on ABC. References to "Days of our Lives's" first-run airings on NBC (and until it was dropped from Soapnet in July 2013, "The Young and the Restless's" first-run airings on CBS) were not included in the channel's promos, instead only advertising their telecasts on Soapnet.

title: Channel 5 (UK) programming

text: In 2013, Channel 5 broadcast "Ben Fogle: New Lives In The Wild", which followed the presenter as he travelled to meet some of the world's few people who have swapped the usual life for something a little different, such as living in a desert as opposed to living in New York City. The programme regularly ranked among the channel's top ten. Also in 2013, Channel 5 broadcast "", a documentary following the life of the residents in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The six-part series enjoyed steady ratings, and as a result was recommissioned for a second series which aired shortly afterwards in 2014.

title: Islam Channel

text: "City Sisters" is one of Islam Channel's longest running women's programmes. The series featured women from different ages and walks of life and was a first real insight into what Muslim women were really thinking. The first series launched in 2008 and was well received after which a second series was commissioned and aired in 2009. The second series received even more praise and was bought by the Malaysian Channel Huda TV who later went on to make a show called 'Saleha.’

title: Soapnet

text: Prior to ABC's cancellations of the former two series in 2011, daily reruns of "All My Children", "One Life to Live" and "General Hospital" aired on the channel in that respective order as they had aired on ABC's daytime schedule. "All My Children" had the most airings on the channel airing four times each weekday, one in the morning and three at night. Rebroadcasts of each soap's episodes for the entire week aired each Saturday and Sunday during the late afternoon and nighttime hours; as of 2012, the network aired the past week's episodes of "Days of our Lives" in Sunday primetime.

title: One Life to Live

text: Since the agreement made between ABC and Prospect Park was not limited to internet television and did allowed One Life to Live to be broadcast on traditional television, there was an announcement on August 3, 2011 about a possibility of One Life to Live airing on a cable channel.[49][50] On October 5, 2011, the project to bring One Life to Live to cable was reiterated in a New York Times article, where it was revealed that Prospect Park planned to first air episodes on The Online Network, then make them available on television on demand and, then weeks later, on cable television.[51]

title: Keshet Media Group

text: The first drama series Keshet produced was in 1996 called "Bat Yam, New York". That same year, Channel 2 became the most watched channel in Israel. "What a Wonderful Country" ("Eretz Nehederet"), a TV series similar to Saturday Night Live, aired its first season in 2003 and has since become one of the most popular shows on Israeli TV.

title: My Wife and Kids

text: In the United Kingdom, reruns of the series were aired on Channel One (formally known as Virgin1) until its closure on February 1, 2011. Sister channel Living also used to air the show in 2001. The show first aired on Trouble and then BBC Two, and in early 2012 the show is set to return to Living which is now known as Sky Living. Currently reruns of the series are on 5Star and Comedy Central.

title: Bo (dog)

text: In the final episode of the History Channel's "Life After People", aired March 16, 2010, the producers imagined what life would be like for Bo after the disappearance of humanity. This speculated that he would leave the White House, and live off seafood from the Chesapeake Bay.

title: Teletoon

text: Four years later, on September 5, 2011, Teletoon's on-air branding changed again to reflect the 50th anniversary of one of its owners, Astral Media, and to reflect the transition to digital television. Since then, Teletoon has begun airing a number of live-action programs in the daytime, including original series such as "My Babysitter's a Vampire" and "Mudpit", as well as acquired programming and movies. This wasn't the first time the channel has aired live-action programming; Teletoon had aired the live-action "Fireball XL-5" during the 1997–98 season. Occasionally, the channel also airs live-action movies related to cartoons and comic books, such as "Space Jam", "Sin City", and "Batman".

title: Tony Hawk

text: On June 27, 1999, Hawk was the first skater to land a "900", a trick involving the completion of two-and-a-half mid-air revolutions on a skateboard; Hawk was successful on his twelfth attempt. After completing the trick, Hawk commented, "This is the best day of my life." In 2011, Hawk was still able to land the trick and posted a video on his Twitter account stating, "I'm 43 and I did a 900 today." On June 27, 2016, at age 48, Hawk performed what he claimed will be his final 900. In a video posted on the YouTube channel RIDE Channel, Hawk says "Spencer was there on my first one, and now he was there on my last. Bye." after successfully landing a 900.

title: One Life to Live

text: One Life to Live's first-season finale aired on August 19, 2013.[76]


query: What was the first film adaptation of Sherlock Holmes?

title: Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes

text: In 1931 Raymond Massey played Sherlock Holmes in his screen debut, The Speckled Band,[17] while Arthur Wontner played Holmes in five British films from 1931 to 1937.

title: Sherlock Holmes (play)

text: In 1916, a silent film of the play also entitled "Sherlock Holmes" featured William Gillette in the role of Holmes and has been called "the most elaborate of the early movies". It is one of the earliest American film adaptations of the Holmes character. Long thought to be a lost film, a print of the film was found in the Cinémathèque Française's collection in October 2014. It was restored and screened in 2015.

title: Sherlock Holmes (1951 TV series)

text: Sherlock Holmes (a.k.a. We Present Alan Wheatley as Mr Sherlock Holmes in...) was a 1951 television series produced by the BBC featuring Alan Wheatley as Sherlock Holmes, Raymond Francis as Dr. Watson and Eric Maturin as Colonel Moran. This was the first series of Sherlock Holmes stories adapted for television.

title: Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes

text: Three Sherlock Holmes adaptations have appeared in American newspapers. The first, titled Sherlock Holmes, ran from 1930 to 1931. Sherlock Holmes was drawn by Leo O'Mealia (who later drew covers for Action Comics) and distributed by the Bell Syndicate.[3] A short-lived half-page Sherlock Holmes comic strip appeared daily and Sunday in the 1950s, written by radio scriptwriter Edith Meiser and drawn by Frank Giacoia.[4] The third adaptation "Mr. Holmes of Baker Street" by Bill Barry appeared in 1976-1977. This adaptation of the famous detective was not very popular down south, but experienced a series of faithful followers in northern states.

title: The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939 film)

text: "The Hound of the Baskervilles" marks the first of the fourteen "Sherlock Holmes" films starring Rathbone and Bruce as Holmes and Watson, respectively. It is also notable as the earliest known "Sherlock Holmes" film to be set in the Victorian period of the original stories; all known previous "Holmes" films, up to and including the 1930s British film series starring Arthur Wontner as Holmes, had been updated to a setting contemporaneous with the films' release. It is also the only film in the series to be a strict adaptation of its source material, while subsequent installments would feature original titles and incorporate various elements of different stories.

title: Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes

text: The 1991-92 series Sherlock Holmes the Golden Years consisted of two TV films, in which Sherlock Holmes (played by Christopher Lee) and Dr. Watson (played by Patrick Macnee) are older adults who continue investigating cases. The two films were Incident at Victoria Falls and Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady.

title: Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes

text: John Barrymore played the role in a 1922 movie entitled Sherlock Holmes, with Roland Young as Watson and William Powell in his first screen appearance. This Goldwyn film is the first Holmes movie made with high production values and a major star.

title: Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes

text: It has been estimated that Sherlock Holmes is the most prolific screen character in the history of cinema.[12] The first known film featuring Holmes is Sherlock Holmes Baffled, a one-reel film running less than a minute, made by the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company in 1900. This was followed by a 1905 Vitagraph film Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; or, Held for Ransom, with H. Kyrle Bellew and J. Barney Sherry in unlisted roles. It was long believed that the film starred Maurice Costello as Sherlock Holmes, but Leslie S. Klinger has written that the identification of Costello in the role is flawed.[13] Klinger states that the first identification of Costello with the role was in Michael Pointer's Public Life of Sherlock Holmes published in 1975 but Pointer later realized his error and wrote to Klinger stating

title: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (film)

text: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (released theatrically as Sherlock Holmes in the United Kingdom) is a 1939 mystery-adventure film released by Twentieth Century Fox. It is a pastiche featuring the characters of the Sherlock Holmes series of books written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The film is an adaptation of the 1899 play "Sherlock Holmes" by William Gillette, though there is little resemblance in the plots.

title: Literary adaptation

text: Works of literature have been adapted for film from the dawn of the industry. Some of the earliest examples come from the work of Georges Méliès, who pioneered many film techniques. In 1899, he released two adaptations — "Cinderella" based on the Brothers Grimm story of the same name and "King John", the first known film to be based on the works of Shakespeare. The 1900 film "Sherlock Holmes Baffled", directed by Arthur Marvin featured Arthur Conan Doyle's detective character Sherlock Holmes intruding upon a pseudo-supernatural burglary. The film, considered the first detective movie, ran for only 30 seconds and was originally intended to be shown in hand-cranked Mutoscope machines.

title: Sherlock Holmes Baffled

text: "Sherlock Holmes Baffled" marks the first in an observable trend of early film-makers to show the character as a figure of fun; in this case the somewhat louchely dressed Holmes is left "baffled" by a burglar, in contrast with the detective prowess displayed by his literary namesake. William K. Everson in his book "The Detective in Film" noted that "Sherlock Holmes Baffled", in common with all other silent detective films "labored under the difficulty of not being able to conduct prolonged interrogations or oral deductions ... the stress was on mystery or physical action rather than on literary-derived sleuthings." It was only in 1916 that William Gillette's "Sherlock Holmes" attempted a serious adaptation of Conan Doyle's character. Michael Pointer has suggested that the appearance and costume of the anonymous actor in "Sherlock Holmes Baffled" is an imitation of Gillette's stage portrayal of Holmes. Gillette's play "Sherlock Holmes" had made its Broadway debut at the Garrick Theater on November 6, 1899.

title: Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes

text: Three years later, the first American adaptation of Holmes and Watson, Sherlock Holmes was produced by Sheldon Reynolds in 1954, and starred Ronald Howard as Holmes and Howard Marion-Crawford as Doctor Watson produced in Paris, France.

title: The Final Problem

text: William Gillette's 1899 stage play "Sherlock Holmes" is based on several stories, among them "The Final Problem." Films released in 1916 (starring Gillette as Holmes) and 1922 (starring John Barrymore), both titled "Sherlock Holmes", were based on the play, as well as a 1938 "Mercury Theatre on the Air" radio adaptation titled "The Immortal Sherlock Holmes", starring Orson Welles as Holmes, although in none of these retellings does Holmes die (and indeed in the two film versions he marries).

title: Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror

text: Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror is the third film in the Basil Rathbone/Nigel Bruce series of Sherlock Holmes movies and the first to be produced by Universal Pictures. Made in 1942, the film combines elements of the Arthur Conan Doyle story "His Last Bow", to which it is credited as an adaptation, and loosely parallels the real-life activities of Lord Haw-haw. Horror film "scream queen" Evelyn Ankers appears as leading lady.

title: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (film)

text: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson () is a 1980 Soviet film adaptation of Arthur Conan Doyle's stories about Sherlock Holmes. It is the second film (episodes 3-5) in "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson" film series directed by Igor Maslennikov.

title: The Hound of London

text: Patrick Macnee was cast as Sherlock Holmes. Previously, Macnee had portrayed Watson three times: once to Roger Moore's Sherlock Holmes in a 1976 TV movie, "Sherlock Holmes in New York" and twice with Christopher Lee ("Incident at Victoria Falls" and "Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady"). This film made Macnee only the fourth actor to have played both Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, joining Reginald Owen (Watson in the 1932 film "Sherlock Holmes", and then Holmes in 1933's "A Study in Scarlet"), Jeremy Brett (Watson on stage in "The Crucifer of Blood" and Holmes on television in "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes") and Carleton Hobbs (who played both roles in British radio adaptations).

title: Sherlock Holmes (1965 TV series)

text: Sherlock Holmes (alternatively Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes) is a British series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations for television produced by BBC between 1965 and 1968. This was the second screen adaption of Sherlock Holmes for BBC Television.

title: The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1929 film)

text: The Return of Sherlock Holmes is a 1929 American Pre-Code mystery film directed by Basil Dean and written by Arthur Conan Doyle, Basil Dean and Garrett Fort. The film shares its title with the third volume of the Sherlock Holmes stories, "The Return of Sherlock Holmes" by Arthur Conan Doyle. The film stars Clive Brook, H. Reeves-Smith, Betty Lawford, Charles Hay and Phillips Holmes. The film was released October 29, 1929, by Paramount Pictures. A copy is held at the Library of Congress."The Return of Sherlock Holmes" was the first sound film to feature Sherlock Holmes. A silent version of the film was also produced to accommodate theaters which did not feature sound.

title: Sherlock Holmes (play)

text: The 1939 film "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes", the second film to star Basil Rathbone as Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Watson, is credited as an adaptation of the play, though they bear little resemblance.

title: Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes

text: Clive Brook played Sherlock Holmes three times: The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1929), as part of an anthology film, Paramount on Parade (1930), and Sherlock Holmes (1932).

title: A Study in Scarlet

text: The book has rarely been adapted in full, but notable instances were an episode broadcast on 23 September 1968 in the second season of the BBC television series "Sherlock Holmes", with Peter Cushing in the lead role and Nigel Stock as Dr. Watson, which put more detail into the story, including the actor who claims the ring; the second episode of the 1979 Soviet TV adaptation, "Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson" (the first episode combines the story of their meeting with "The Adventure of the Speckled Band"; the second episode adapts the actual Jefferson Hope case.); a 1983 animated version produced by Burbank Films Australia, with Peter O'Toole voicing Holmes; "A Study in Scarlet" was the first episode of the BBC's complete Sherlock Holmes on Radio 4 in 1989, dramatised by Bert Coules and starring Clive Merrison as Holmes, Michael Williams as Watson, Donald Gee as Inspector Lestrade, and John Moffatt as Inspector Gregson; and a 2007 episode of the American radio series "The Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes".

title: Sherlock Holmes (1916 film)

text: Sherlock Holmes is a 1916 American silent film starring William Gillette as Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes. The film, which was directed by Arthur Berthelet, was produced by Essanay Studios in Chicago. It was adapted from the 1899 stage play of the same name, which was based on the stories, "A Scandal in Bohemia," "The Final Problem," and "A Study in Scarlet" by Arthur Conan Doyle.

title: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes

text: Sherlock Holmes has been adapted numerous times for both films and plays, and the character has been played by over 70 different actors in more than 200 films. A number of film and television series have borne the title "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes", but some of these are either original stories, combinations of a number of Doyle's stories, or in one case, an adaptation of "The Sign of the Four".

title: Maurice Costello

text: Costello was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Irish immigrants Ellen (née Fitzgerald; born 1853) and Thomas Costello (born 1852). He made his film debut in 1908, but was long believed to have debuted in "Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; or, Held for Ransom" (1905), supposedly playing the lead in what is regarded as the first serious film to feature the character of Sherlock Holmes, since it was preceded only by the 30-second comedy film "Sherlock Holmes Baffled" (1900). However, Holmesian scholar Leslie S. Klinger has written that the identification of Costello in the role is flawed. Klinger states that the first identification of Costello with the role was in Michael Pointer's "Public Life of Sherlock Holmes" published in 1975 but Pointer later realized his error and wrote to Klinger stating

text: Sherlock Holmes in the Great Murder Mystery is a 1908 American silent film directed by an unknown director. The film was released on 27 November 1908 and is an adaptation of Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" (1841), which is considered the first detective story, though the plot was altered to include Arthur Conan Doyle's detective Sherlock Holmes instead of Poe's C. Auguste Dupin. Dr. Watson makes his film debut here, though the actors playing Holmes and Watson are unknown, as the rest of the cast. It is considered a lost film.

title: Sherlock Holmes and the Valley of Fear

text: Sherlock Holmes and the Valley of Fear is a 1983 Australian animated television film produced by Tom Stacey and George Stephenson. It is an adaptation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's novel "The Valley of Fear" (1914), the fourth and final Sherlock Holmes novel featuring Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson.

title: Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson

text: Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson () is a 1979 Soviet film adaptation of Arthur Conan Doyle's novels about Sherlock Holmes. Directed by Igor Maslennikov it is the first of a 5-part TV film series (divided into 11-episodes) "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson". The film is divided into two episodes – "The Acquaintance" (, based on "The Adventure of the Speckled Band") and "Bloody Inscription" (, based on "A Study in Scarlet").

title: Sherlock Holmes Faces Death

text: Sherlock Holmes Faces Death is the sixth film in the Basil Rathbone/Nigel Bruce series of Sherlock Holmes films. Made in 1943, it is a loose adaptation of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Holmes story "The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual." Its three immediate predecessors in the film series were World War II spy adventures with Holmes and Watson as characters, but this one marks a return to the pure mystery form. Though several characters are military men and there are frequent mentions of the war, it is not the focus of the story.

text: Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; or, Held for Ransom is a 1905 American silent film directed by J. Stuart Blackton for Vitagraph Studios. It was the second film based on Arthur Conan Doyle's "Sherlock Holmes" stories, following the 1900 Mutoscope trick film "Sherlock Holmes Baffled", and is usually regarded as the first attempt to film a "serious" Holmes adaptation. The scenario was by Theodore Liebler based on elements of Conan Doyle's novel "The Sign of the Four".

title: Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes

text: Jeremy Brett starred as Holmes in a Granada Television adaptation screened from 1984 to 1994, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, with David Burke and subsequently Edward Hardwicke as Watson. All but 18 of the Conan Doyle stories were filmed before the death of Jeremy Brett from a heart attack in 1995. Between 1984 and 1994, 36 episodes and five films were produced over six series. Brett and Hardwicke reprised their roles as Holmes and Watson in 1988-89 in a West End stage play, The Secret of Sherlock Holmes, written by Jeremy Paul.

title: The Hound of the Baskervilles (1929 film)

text:
The Hound of the Baskervilles
(German: Der Hund von Baskerville) is a 1929 German silent mystery film directed by Richard Oswald and starring Carlyle Blackwell, Alexander Murski, Livio Pavanelli. The film is an adaptation of the Sherlock Holmes novel "The Hound of the Baskervilles" by Arthur Conan Doyle. It was the last Sherlock Holmes adaptation in the silent film era.