query: What kind of historical relics does the Topkapi Palace hold?

title: Sacred Relics (Topkapı Palace)

text: The various relics of Muhammad, his followers, and other items purportedly associated with Muhammad were brought to Topkapı Palace in Istanbul, where they remain to this day.

title: Emperor Yizong of Tang

text: In 873, in a grand ceremony, Emperor Yizong welcomed what was claimed to be a relic (a finger bone) of Gautama Buddha to the palace, despite warnings by some that his grandfather Emperor Xianzong died shortly after also welcoming the same relic to the palace. (Emperor Yizong responded to the warnings by stating, "As long as I can see it once while living, I do not have regrets about dying.") The ceremony was said to bring out great offerings by the households of Chang'an. Emperor Yizong himself walked toward the relic and bowed on the ground in tears.

title: Ali Pasha of Ioannina

text: Many of the conflicting versions about the origin of the "Spoonmaker's Diamond", a major treasure of the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, link it with Ali Pasha – though their historical authenticity is doubtful.

title: Hermitage Museum

text: The Hermitage buildings served as a home and workplace for nearly a thousand people, including the Imperial family. In addition to this, they also served as an extravagant showplace for all kinds of Russian relics and displays of wealth prior to the art collections. Many events were held in these buildings including masquerades for the nobility, grand receptions and ceremonies for state and government officials. The "Hermitage complex" was a creation of Catherine's that allowed all kinds of festivities to take place in the palace, the theatre and even the museum of the Hermitage. This helped solidify the Hermitage as not only a dwelling place for the Imperial family, but also as an important symbol and memorial to the imperial Russian state. Today, the palace and the museum are one and the same. In Catherine's day, the Winter Palace served as a central part of what was called the Palace Square. The Palace Square served as St. Petersburg’s nerve center by linking it to all the city's most important buildings. The presence of the Palace Square was extremely significant to the urban development of St. Petersburg, and while it became less of a nerve center later into the 20th century, its symbolic value was still very much preserved.[12]

title: Topkapı Palace

text: Following the end of the Ottoman Empire in 1923, Topkapı was transformed into a museum by a government decree dated April 3, 1924. The Topkapı Palace Museum is administered by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. The palace complex has hundreds of rooms and chambers, but only the most important are accessible to the public today, including the Ottoman imperial harem and the treasury, called hazine where the Spoonmaker's Diamond and Topkapi Dagger are on display. The museum collection also includes Ottoman clothing, weapons, armor, miniatures, religious relics, and illuminated manuscripts like the Topkapi manuscript. The complex is guarded by officials of the ministry as well as armed guards of the Turkish military. Topkapı Palace is part the Historic Areas of Istanbul, a group of sites in Istanbul that were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.[6]

title: Arab archery

text: Muhammad was quite good with a bow, and appreciated the benefits of archery in sports and warfare. A recurved bow made of bamboo, and ascribed to Muhammad, is held in the Sacred Relics (Topkapı Palace) in the Chamber of the Sacred Relics in the Topkapi Museum in Istanbul.

title: Ahmed Karahisari

text: Some of the most impressive of the Q'rans prepared in the Ottoman Palace Studios have been attributed to Ahmed Karahisari. His most important work is the Quran which he penned for Suleiman the Magnificent (reigned 1520-1566), which is preserved today at the Topkapi Palace. Other examples of his work are held in the Topkapi Museum and the Museum of Istanbul.

title: Temple of the Tooth

text: Sri Dalada Maligawa or the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic is a Buddhist temple in the city of Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is located in the royal palace complex of the former Kingdom of Kandy, which houses the relic of the tooth of the Buddha. Since ancient times, the relic has played an important role in local politics because it is believed that whoever holds the relic holds the governance of the country. Kandy was the last capital of the Sri Lankan kings and is a World Heritage Site mainly due to the temple.

title: Secret of the Sultan

text: The film was shot on location in Istanbul, Turkey, at such historic landmarks as Topkapi Palace, Hagia Sophia, Yildiz Palace and the Istanbul Archaeology Museums.

title: Palace of the Dey

text:
Palace of the Dey (), also known as Algeria Castle () or Dey Hussein Palace (), is an Ottoman era palace in the city of Algiers, Algeria. Completed in the 16th century, it is situated inside the Casbah of Algiers, and settled by successive deys of the city. It once was the second largest palace in the Ottoman Empire, next to Topkapi Palace in Istanbul.
Hussein Dey had lived in the palace for 12 years. The palace witnessed the so-called "" in 1827 which became the indirect cause of the French declaration of war against Algeria.

title: Mehmet Nazif Günal

text: Günal owns ten 5-star hotels, the WoW (World of Wonders) Kremlin Palace and the WoW Topkapi Palace, in Antalya, are "architecturally exact replicas" of the Kremlin and Topkapi palaces.

title: Jami' al-tawarikh

text: There are two early 14th century copies in Persian in the Topkapi Palace Library, Istanbul.Interest in the work continued after the Ilkhans were replaced as Persia's ruling dynasty by the Timurids. Timur's youngest son, Shahrukh, who ruled the eastern portion of the empire from 1405–47, owned incomplete copies of the "Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh" and commissioned his court historian Hafiz-i Abru to complete it. The earliest dated manuscript made for Shahrukh includes the original text and additions by Hafiz-i Abru, along with other histories, and is dated 1415-16 (Topkapi Palace Library, MS B 282). The Topkapi MS H 1653, discussed above, combines an incomplete Ilkhanid "Jāmiʿ" with Timurid additions, which are dated 1425. Another "Jāmiʿ" is in Paris (BnF, Supplément persan 1113), dated to about 1430, with 113 miniatures. Most of the miniatures for these volumes copy the horizontal format and other features of the Ilkhanid manuscripts, while retaining other features of Timurid style in costume, colouring and composition, using what is sometimes known as the "Historical style".

title: Dabei Monastery

text: The monastery was once famous for holding a skull relic of Xuanzang, however, the relic was presented to India in 1956 when it was taken to Nalanda - allegedly by the Dalai Lama - and presented to India. The relic is now in the Patna museum. And from then on, Great Compassion monastery takes the image of Xuanzang Master instead of the spirit bones for the worship of the Buddhist. There are memorials for Xuanzang Master and Hongyi Master in the east yard, while the west yard becomes an office for Cultural Relic Palace, Abbot Palace and Buddhist Association of China Tianjin Branch. In the Cultural Relic Palace of the west yard, there many collections from every dynasties since Wei and Jin Period including hundreds of Buddha statues which are made of various materials from bronze, iron, stone to wood.

title: Early Quranic manuscripts

text: The Topkapi manuscript is an early manuscript of the Quran dated to the early 8th century. This manuscript is kept in the Topkapi Palace Museum, Istanbul, Turkey. It was wrongly attributed to Uthman Ibn Affan (d. 656), but judging from its illumination, the Topkapi manuscript does not date from the period (mid 7th century) when the copies of the Caliph Uthman were written.

title: Topkapı Palace

text: Turhan Can, Topkapi Palace, Orient Turistik Yayinlar Ve Hizmetler Ltd., Istanbul, 1994; Turner, J. (ed.) - Grove Dictionary of Art - Oxford University Press, USA; New edition (January 2, 1996); ISBN0-19-517068-7 Topkapi Palace Museum. The Imperial Treasury. MAS Publications. 2001. ISBN975-7710-04-0 Ahmet Ertuğ. Topkapi: The Palace of Felicity. Ertug & Kokabiyik. 1989. ASIN B0006F4CM6 Tahsin Oz. Topkapi Saray Museum 50 Masterpieces. Turkish Press. ASIN B000VHIQCG J. M. Rogers. The Topkapi Saray Museum. Architecture; the Harem and other buildings. New York Graphic Society. 1988. ASIN B000MKDDF2 Hulya Tezcan, J. M. Rogers. The Topkapi Saray Museum: Textiles. Bulfinch Press. 1986. ISBN978-0-8212-1634-7 J. M. Rogers (Author), Cengiz Koseoglu. Topkapi Saray Museum. Bulfinch Press. 1988. ISBN978-0-8212-1672-9 Filiz Pcafgman (Author), J. M. Rogers. The Topkapi Saray Museum: Manuscripts. Bulfinch Press. 1986. ISBN978-0-8212-1633-0 Regina Krahl (Author), Nurdan Erbahar (Author), John Ayers (Author). Chinese Ceramics in Topkapi Saray Museum, Istanbul: A Complete Catalogue. Sotheby Parke Bernet Publications. 1986. ISBN978-0-85667-184-5 Zeynep M. Durukan. The Harem of the Topkapi Palace. Hilal Matbaacilik Koll. 1973. ASIN B000OLCZPI Esin Atil. Suleymanname: The Illustrated History of Suleyman the Magnificent. Harry N Abrams. 1986. ISBN978-0-8109-1505-3 Fanny Davis. Palace of Topkapi in Istanbul. 1970. ASIN B000NP64Z2 Turhan Can. Topkapi Palace. Orient Touristic Publishing Service. 1997. ASIN B000JERAEQ Sabahattin Turkoglu. The Topkapi Palace. NET. 1989. ISBN978-975-479-074-0 Ilhan Aksit. Topkapi Palace. Istanbul. 1994. ASIN B000MPGBGK Ergun, Nilgün, and Özge İskender. 2003. Gardens of the Topkapi Palace: An example of Turkish garden art. Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes, vol.23, no.i: 57-71. Ilber Ortaylı. Topkapi Palace. Tughra Books. Somerset, New Jersey (2008). ISBN978-1-59784-141-2 İlhan Akşit. The Mystery of the Ottoman Harem. Akşit Kültür Turizm Yayınları. ISBN975-7039-26-8

title: Nantong Museum

text: The southern and center museums have a great many historical relics. The southern one contains most of local historical remains and, outside, there are huge relics. In the reconstructed "old elephant pavilion", there are pictures of supernatural beings. The western one consists of various kinds of natural specimen. The most famous display is the framework of a whale.

title: Kapi Agha

text: As his title implies, the Kapi Agha was in charge of the Gate of Felicity that separated the Outer Court ("Birûn"), where state affairs were conducted, from the Inner Court ("Enderûn") and the Sultan's private apartments in the Topkapi Palace. The Agha occupied an office to the right of the gate and was responsible for controlling entrance to the Inner Court and for transmitting the Sultan's orders to his officials, rendering him, in the words of the Ottomanist Halil İnalcık "the sole mediator between the Sultan and the world outside the Palace". Among the duties of the Kapi Agha and his white eunuchs was also the running of the Palace School for the pages of the palace, whose graduates then went on to provide the administrative elite of the Empire. The "Mosque of the Aghas" ("Ağalar Camii") in the Topkapi Palace was built for use by the Kapi Agha and his eunuchs.

title: Warhammer 40,000

text: Victory depends on what kind of "mission" the players choose for their game. It might involve exterminating the enemy, or holding a location on the field for a certain length of time, or retaining possession of a "relic" for a certain length of time.

title: Temple of Great Compassion

text: The monastery was once famous for holding a skull relic of Xuanzang who died in 664, however, the relic was presented to India in 1956 when it was taken to Nalanda - allegedly by the Dalai Lama - and presented to India. The relic is now in the Patna museum. And from then on, the Great Compassion monastery uses the image of the Xuanzang master instead of his spirit bones for worshiping the Buddha. There are memorials for the Buddhist monks Xuanzang and Hong Yi in the east yard, while the west yard has become an office for the Cultural Relic Palace, Abbot Palace and Chinese Buddhism Association Tianjin Branch. In the Cultural Relic Palace of the west yard, there are many collections from every dynasties since the Wei and Jin period including hundreds of Buddha statues which are made of various materials like bronze, iron, stone and wood.

title: Age of Empires II

text: Each Civilization in "The Age of Kings" has one or two special units that are exclusive to that Civilization. For instance, the Britons have access to longbowmen, an archery unit with increased range. These Civilization-specific units are generally more powerful, but still follow the basic rock-paper-scissors model. The monk is a special kind of military unit that has the ability to convert enemy units to the player's civilization, and to heal allied units. Monks are also used to collect relics. Relics accumulate gold once held in the player's monastery—the more relics are captured, the faster the gold is accumulated. Collecting all relics on the map is one method by which a player can win a random map game, depending on the victory setting. Once a player has all the relics in their monasteries, a timer is shown to all players. If an opposing player does not destroy a monastery holding a relic after the set time, then that player wins.

title: Kaftan

text: The Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul holds a large collection of Ottoman kaftans and textiles.

title: Famen Temple

text: From 5–12 May 1987, after the opening of an underground palace, four relics claimed to be directly related to Buddha were found. Two of these were made of white jade. The third relic was from a famous monk. These three are called "duplicate relics" (影骨). They were placed together with a "true relic" (灵骨) in order to protect them. The true relic is yellow-colored, with bone-like secretory granules. It is believed to be a finger bone of the Gautama Buddha (Sakyamuni). Thereafter, Famen Temple became a Buddhist place of pilgrimage due to the discovery of what is claimed as a true relic of Buddha.

title: Relics of Muhammad

text: The Sacred seal, or "Mühr-ü Şerif" in Turkish, was reported by Tavernier, who said it was kept in a small ebony box in a niche cut in the wall by the foot of a divan in the relic room at Topkapi.

title: Sacred Relics (Topkapı Palace)

title: Relics of Muhammad

text: The Holy Mantle, "Hırka-i Şerif", or "Burda" is an item of clothing that was given as a gift by Muhammad to Ka'b ibn Zuhayr, whose children sold it to Muawiyah I, the founder of the Umayyad dynasty. After the fall of the Umayyads, the Mantle went to Baghdad under the Abbasids, to Cairo under the Mamluks, and finally moved by Selim I to Topkapi Palace in 1595.

title: Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem

text: Enzo, Kösem's father is kidnapped and taken hostage by Safiye's guards. She uses this to blackmail Kösem into telling the Sultan about Handan's crime, and convincing him to keep her in Topkapi. Sultan Ahmed banishes his mother to the Old Palace (also known as "Eski Saray" or "Palace of Tears"). Safiye and Ahmed's relationship eventually starts recovering. Safiye, however, does not keep her promise and kills Enzo. Kösem is enraged and vows for revenge.

title: Girls of Many Lands

text: While trying to help her financially destitute family, twelve-year-old Leyla ends up on a slave ship bound for Istanbul. Finding herself in the beautiful Topkapi Palace, she discovers that life in the sheltered world of the palace harem follows its own rigid rules, although it offers Leyla an unexpected opportunity during Turkey's brief Tulip Period of the 1720s. On the voyage, Leyla is in awe of how vast the world is. But Leyla soon discovers her voyage will lead her to slavery. She is bought at a market and taken to the Topkapi Palace, the secret world of women, where her life changes forever.

title: Famen Temple

text: After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Famen Temple was among the first key protected historical relics of the province. However, the properties of the temple were still appropriated for public uses, such like schools in Famen town. During Cultural Revolution, the Red Guard damaged temple halls and Buddhist figures under the name of "breaking four old fashions". The abbot, Liangqing (), incinerated himself in front of the True Relic Pagoda, in order to protect temple's underground palace. When the palace was unearthed later, the relic of self-immolation could still be seen. Other monks were either demobilized or killed. The temple became "the temporary headquarters of proletariat rebellion of Fufeng County". After 1979, Shaanxi province government once funded restoration of the Mahavira Hall and the Brass Buddha Pavilion (). At 1:57am of 4 August 1981, half side wall of True Relic Pagoda collapsed in the heavy rain. This incident drew universal attention. In 1984, the government implemented religious policy and handed Famen Temple to Buddhist community. In 1985, Shaanxi province government decided to pull down the remaining half side wall and rebuild the True Relic Pagoda. On 3 April 1987, the underground palace of True Relic Pagoda in Famen Temple was opened, and a large quantities of precious historical relics were unearthed. This was quite a hit in news at that time. The expansion of the temple and the reconstruction of the pagoda were completed in October 1988. On 9 November of the same year, the Famen Temple Museum was opened.

title: World Heritage sites of Sri Lanka

text: The Sri Dalada Maligawa or The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic is a temple in the city of Kandy in Sri Lanka. It was built within the royal palace complex which houses the tooth relic of the Buddha, a tooth, which is venerated by Buddhists. The relic has played an important role in the local politics since ancient times, it's believed that whoever holds the relic holds the governance of the country, which caused the ancient kings to protect it with great effort. Kandy was the capital of the Sinhalese Kings from 1592 to 1815, fortified by the terrain of the mountains and the difficult approach. The city is a world heritage site declared by UNESCO, in part due to the temple.

title: Staff of Moses

text: According to an identifying document at the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Moses's staff would supposedly be on display today at the Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, Turkey. The Topkapi Palace holds other reputedly holy relics, most notably those attributed to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. (Such as his bow, his sword, his footprint, and even a tooth.) Topkapı Palace was officially designated a museum in 1924, and the holy relics were placed on public view on 31 August 1962. It is said that Sultan Selim I (1512–1520) brought the holy relics to Topkapi Palace after conquering Egypt in 1517.

title: Spoonmaker's Diamond

text: The Spoonmaker's Diamond () is an 86 carat (17.2g) pear-shaped diamond in the Imperial Treasury exhibitions at the Topkapi Palace Museum and its most valuable single exhibit. It is considered the fourth largest diamond of its kind in the world.


query: When is the next leap year?

title: Leap year

text: The name "leap year" probably comes from the fact that while a fixed date in the Gregorian calendar normally advances one day of the week from one year to the next, the day of the week in the 12 months following the leap day (from March 1 through February 28 of the following year) will advance two days due to the extra day (thus "leaping over" one of the days in the week).[2][3] For example, Christmas Day (December 25) fell on a Sunday in 2016, and Monday in 2017, then it fell on Tuesday in 2018, and will fall on Wednesday in 2019 but then "leaps" over Thursday to fall on a Friday in 2020.

title: Gregorian calendar

text:
The reform was adopted initially by the Catholic countries of Europe and their overseas possessions. Over the next three centuries, the Protestant and Eastern Orthodox countries also moved to what they called the "Improved calendar", with Greece being the last European country to adopt the calendar in 1923. To unambiguously specify a date during the transition period, dual dating is sometimes used to specify both Old Style and New Style dates. Due to globalization in the 20th century, the calendar has also been adopted by most non-Western countries for civil purposes. The calendar era carries the alternative secular name of "Common Era".
The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar with 12 months of 28–31 days each. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but in certain years known as leap years, a leap day is added to February. Gregorian years are identified by consecutive year numbers. A calendar date is fully specified by the year (numbered according to a calendar era, in this case "Anno Domini" or Common Era), the month (identified by name or number), and the day of the month (numbered sequentially starting from 1). Although the calendar year currently runs from 1 January to 31 December, at previous times year numbers were based on a different starting point within the calendar (see the "beginning of the year" section below).
In the Julian calendar, a leap year occurred every 4 years, and the leap day was inserted by doubling 24 February. The Gregorian reform omitted a leap day in three of every 400 years and left the leap day unchanged. However, it has become customary in the modern period to number the days sequentially with no gaps, and 29 February is typically considered as the leap day. Before the 1969 revision of the Roman Calendar, the Roman Catholic Church delayed February feasts after the 23rd by one day in leap years; Masses celebrated according to the previous calendar still reflect this delay.

title: Determination of the day of the week

text: For Julian dates before 1300 and after 1999 the year in the table which differs by an exact multiple of 700 years should be used. For Gregorian dates after 2299, the year in the table which differs by an exact multiple of 400 years should be used. The values "" through "" indicate the remainder when the Hundreds value is divided by 7 and 4 respectively, indicating how the series extend in either direction. Both Julian and Gregorian values are shown 1500–1999 for convenience. Bold figures (e.g., 04) denote leap year. If a year ends in 00 and its hundreds are in bold it is a leap year. Thus 19 indicates that 1900 is not a Gregorian leap year, (but 19 in the Julian column indicates that it "is" a Julian leap year, as are all Julian "x"00 years). 20 indicates that 2000 is a leap year. Use Jan and Feb only in leap years.

title: Adar

text:
13 Adar (II in leap years) – Fast of Esther – on 11 Adar when the 13th falls on Shabbat – "(Fast Day)"
14 Adar (II in leap years) – Purim
14 Adar I (does not exist in non-leap years; Karaites celebrate in Adar II) – Purim Katan
15 Adar (II in leap years) – Shushan Purim – celebration of Purim in walled cities existing during the time of Joshua

title: Perpetual calendar

text: Within each 100-year block, the cyclic nature of the Gregorian calendar proceeds in exactly the same fashion as its Julian predecessor: A common year begins and ends on the same day of the week, so the following year will begin on the next successive day of the week. A leap year has one more day, so the year following a leap year begins on the "second" day of the week after the leap year began. Every four years, the starting weekday advances five days, so over a 28-year period it advances 35, returning to the same place in both the leap year progression and the starting weekday. This cycle completes three times in 84 years, leaving 16 years in the fourth, incomplete cycle of the century.

title: Hebrew calendar

text: A simple rule for determining whether a year is a leap year has been given above. However, there is another rule which not only tells whether the year is leap but also gives the fraction of a month by which the calendar is behind the seasons, useful for agricultural purposes. To determine whether year "n" of the calendar is a leap year, find the remainder on dividing [(7 × "n") + 1] by 19. If the remainder is 6 or less it is a leap year; if it is 7 or more it is not. For example, the The This works because as there are seven leap years in nineteen years the difference between the solar and lunar years increases by 7/19-month per year. When the difference goes above 18/19-month this signifies a leap year, and the difference is reduced by one month.

title: Year

text: In the Julian calendar, the average (mean) length of a year is 365.25 days. In a non-leap year, there are 365 days, in a leap year there are 366 days. A leap year occurs every fourth year, or leap year, during which a leap day is intercalated into the month of February. The name "Leap Day" is applied to the added day.

title: Leap year

text: Century leap year Calendar reform includes proposals that have not (yet) been adopted. Leap second Leap week calendar Leap year bug Sansculottides Summer Olympic Games – which have been held in each leap year since 1896 (and also in 1900, which was not a leap year) UEFA European Championship – which have been held in each leap year since 1960 Zeller's congruence

title: Leap year

text: Technically, a leapling will have fewer birthday anniversaries than their age in years. This phenomenon is exploited when a person claims to be only a quarter of their actual age, by counting their leap-year birthday anniversaries only: for example, in Gilbert and Sullivan's 1879 comic opera The Pirates of Penzance, Frederic the pirate apprentice discovers that he is bound to serve the pirates until his 21st birthday (that is, when he turns 88 years old, since 1900 was not a leap year) rather than until his 21st year.

title: Wuyi Mountains

text: Leap year meals are called liu qin（六亲） meals. Every leap year and leap month, parents and brothers must invite their married daughters and sisters to come back and have meals. When parents are alive, parents make the invitation; otherwise brothers do it.

title: Egyptian calendar

text: Egyptian scholars were involved with the establishment of Julius Caesar's reform of the Roman calendar, although the Roman priests initially misapplied its formula and—by counting inclusively—added leap days every three years instead of every four. The mistake was corrected by Augustus through omitting leap years for a number of cycles until 4. As the personal ruler of Egypt, he also imposed a reform of its calendar in 26 or 25, possibly to correspond with the beginning of a new Callipic cycle, with the first leap day occurring on 6 Epag. in the year 22. This "Alexandrian calendar" corresponds almost exactly to the Julian, causing 1Thoth to remain at 29August except during the year before a Julian leap year, when it occurs on 30August instead. The calendars then resume their correspondence after 4Phamenoth/ 29February of the next year.

title: 28th century

text:
The 28th century of the anno Domini (common) will begin on January 1, 2701 and end on December 31, 2800 of the Gregorian calendar. Unlike most century years, the year 2800 will be a leap year, and the next century leap year after 2400.
unknown date

title: Leap year starting on Saturday

text: A leap year starting on Saturday is any year with 366 days (i.e. it includes 29 February) that begins on Saturday, 1 January, and ends on Sunday, 31 December. Its dominical letters hence are BA, such as the years 1916, 1944, 1972, 2000, and 2028 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2012 and 2040 in the obsolete Julian calendar. In the Gregorian calendar all centennial leap years start on Saturday; the next such year will be 2400, see below for more.

title: Vayakhel

text: Jews read it the 22nd Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in March or rarely in late February. The lunisolar Hebrew calendar contains up to 55 weeks, the exact number varying between 50 in common years and 54 or 55 in leap years. In leap years (for example, 2019, 2022, 2024, and 2027), parashah Vayakhel is read separately. In common years (for example, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2023, and 2026), parashah Vayakhel is usually combined with the next parashah, Pekudei, to help achieve the number of weekly readings needed (although in some non-leap years, such as 2025, they are not combined).

title: Leap second

text: Older Trimble GPS receivers had a software flaw that would insert a leap second immediately after the GPS constellation started broadcasting the next leap second insertion time (some months in advance of the actual leap second), rather than waiting for the next leap second to happen. This left the receiver's time off by a second in the interim.

title: List of non-standard dates

text: Instead of changing from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar by omitting a block of consecutive days, as had been done in other countries, the Swedish Empire planned to change gradually by omitting all leap days from 1700 to 1740, inclusive. Although the leap day was omitted in February 1700, the Great Northern War began later that year, diverting the attention of the Swedes from their calendar so that they did not omit leap days on the next two occasions; 1704 and 1708 remained leap years.

title: Computus

text: For Julian dates before 1300 and after 1999, the year in the table that differs by an exact multiple of 700 years is used. For Gregorian dates after 2299,the year in the table that differs by an exact multiple of 400 years is used. The values "" through "" indicate the remainder when the Hundreds value is divided by 7 and 4 respectively, indicating how the series extend in either direction. Both Julian and Gregorian values are shown 1500–1999 for convenience. Bold figures (e.g., 04) denote leap year. If a year ends in 00 and its hundreds are in bold it is a leap year. Thus 19 indicates that 1900 is not a Gregorian leap year, (but 19 in the Julian column indicates that it "is" a Julian leap year, as are all Julian "x"00 years). 20 indicates that 2000 is a leap year. Use Jan and Feb only in leap years.

title: Unix time

text: When a leap second occurs, the UTC day is not exactly seconds long and the Unix time number (which always increases by exactly each day) experiences a discontinuity. At the end of a day with a negative leap second, which has not yet occurred, the Unix time number would jump up by 1 to the start of the next day. During a positive leap second at the end of a day, which occurs about every year and a half on average, the Unix time number increases continuously into the next day during the leap second and then at the end of the leap second jumps back by 1 (returning to the start of the next day). For example, this is what happened on strictly conforming POSIX.1 systems at the end of 1998:

title: Computus

text:
As a consequence, 19 April is the date on which Easter falls most frequently in the Gregorian calendar: in about 3.87% of the years. 22 March is the least frequent, with 0.48%.
The relation between lunar and solar calendar dates is made independent of the leap day scheme for the solar year. Basically the Gregorian calendar still uses the Julian calendar with a leap day every four years, so a Metonic cycle of 19 years has 6,940 or 6,939 days with five or four leap days. Now the lunar cycle counts only days. By not labeling and counting the leap day with an epact number, but having the next new moon fall on the same calendar date as without the leap day, the current lunation gets extended by a day, and the 235 lunations cover as many days as the 19 years. So the burden of synchronizing the calendar with the moon (intermediate-term accuracy) is shifted to the solar calendar, which may use any suitable intercalation scheme; all under the assumption that 19 solar years = 235 lunations (long-term inaccuracy). A consequence is that the reckoned age of the moon may be off by a day, and also that the lunations that contain the leap day may be 31 days long, which would never happen if the real moon were followed (short-term inaccuracies). This is the price for a regular fit to the solar calendar.

title: Aries (astrology)

text: According to the tropical system of astrology, the Sun enters the sign of Aries when it reaches the March equinox, which occurs on average on March 20 (by design). Because the Earth takes approximately 365.24 days to go around the Sun, the precise time of the equinox is not the same each year, and generally will occur about six hours later from one year to the next until reset by a leap year. February 29 of a leap year causes that year's vernal equinox to fall about eighteen hours earlier compared with the previous year. From 1800 to 2050 inclusive the vernal equinox date has (or will) range(d) from March 19 at 22:34 UT1 in 2048 to March 21 at 19:15 UT1 in 1903.

title: Quantum Leap

text: Episodes in the series subsequently follow Sam's reaction to each leap (typically ending the cold open with him uttering "Oh, boy!" on discovering his situation), and then working with Al and Ziggy to figure out his new identity and who he needs to help to "set right what once went wrong" and trigger the next leap. An episode typically ends as a cliffhanger, showing the first few moments of Sam's next leap (along with him again uttering "Oh, boy!" on discovering his situation), which is repeated in the following episode's cold open. Though initially Sam's leaping is believed by Al and the others on the Quantum Leap team to be random, the characters come to believe in later seasons that someone or something is controlling Sam's leaping, and this is a central focus of the show's finale episode, "Mirror Image".

title: Lunisolar calendar

text: The Buddhist and Hebrew calendars restrict the leap month to a single month of the year; the number of common months between leap months is, therefore, usually 36, but occasionally only 24 months. Because the Chinese and Hindu lunisolar calendars allow the leap month to occur after or before (respectively) any month but use the true motion of the sun, their leap months do not usually occur within a couple of months of perihelion, when the apparent speed of the sun along the ecliptic is fastest (now about 3 January). This increases the usual number of common months between leap months to roughly 34 months when a doublet of common years occurs, while reducing the number to about 29 months when only a common singleton occurs.

title: Ethiopian calendar

text: This date correspondence applies for the Gregorian years 1900 to 2099. The Ethiopian leap year is every four without exception, while Gregorian centurial years are only leap years when exactly divisible by 400; thus a set of corresponding dates will most often apply for a single century. As the Gregorian year 2000 is a leap year, the current correspondence lasts two centuries instead.

title: Jewish Talmudic Calendar

text: There are times when a common year is 353 days, or a leap year is 383 days; these are called the Defective Years. When a common year is 355 days, or a leap year is 385 days, these are called the Excessive Years. In Defective years, the regularly 30-day Kislev is made 29 days; in Excessive Years, the regularly 29-day Heshvan is made 30 days.

title: March equinox

text: The Indian national calendar starts the year on the day next to the vernal equinox on 22 March (21 March in leap years) with a 30-day month (31 days in leap years), then has 5 months of 31 days followed by 6 months of 30 days.

title: Year 2000 problem

text: Normally, a year is a leap year if it is evenly divisible by four. A year divisible by 100, however, is not a leap year in the Gregorian calendar unless it is also divisible by 400. For example, 1600 was a leap year, but 1700, 1800 and 1900 were not. Some programs may have relied on the oversimplified rule that "a year divisible by four is a leap year". This method works fine for the year 2000 (because it is a leap year), and will not become a problem until 2100, when older legacy programs will likely have long since been replaced. Other programs contained incorrect leap year logic, assuming for instance that no year divisible by 100 could be a leap year. An assessment of this "leap year problem" including a number of real life code fragments appeared in 1998. For information on why century years are treated differently, see Gregorian calendar.

title: Dusky dolphin

text: Dusky dolphins perform a number of aerial displays, including leaps, backslaps, headslaps, tailslaps, spins, and noseouts. They also perform head-over-tail leaps which have been called the most "acrobatic" of the displays. A headfirst re-entry is performed when a dolphin leaps entirely out of the water and positions its back in a curve while it flips the tail to land back in the water head-first. "Humping" is similar, except the snout and tail remain in the water when the dolphin is the arch. Leaps, head-over-tail leaps, backslaps, headslaps, tailslaps, and spins are often done over and over again. Young dusky dolphins apparently are not born with the ability to perform the leaps and must learn to master each one. Calves appear to learn the leaps in this order: noisy leaps, head first re-entries, coordinated leaps, and acrobatic leaps. Adults may perform different leaps in different contexts, and calves may independently learn how to perform leaps, as well as learn when to perform these when interacting others.

title: 24th century

text: The 24th century of the Anno Domini (common era) will begin on January 1, 2301 and end on December 31, 2400 of the Gregorian calendar. Unlike most century years, the year 2400 will be a leap year, and the next century leap year in the Gregorian calendar after 2000."", "", and "", as well as "Star Trek Generations", "", "", and "" are set in the 24th century.

title: Ash Wednesday

text: Ash Wednesday is exactly 46 days before Easter Sunday, a moveable feast based on the cycles of the moon. The earliest date Ash Wednesday can occur is 4 February (which is only possible during a common year with Easter on 22 March), which happened in 1598, 1693, 1761 and 1818 and will next occur in 2285. The latest date Ash Wednesday can occur is 10 March (when Easter Day falls on 25 April) which occurred in 1666, 1734, 1886 and 1943 and will next occur in 2038. Ash Wednesday has never occurred on Leap Year Day (29 February), and it will not occur as such until 2096. The only other years of the third millennium that will have Ash Wednesday on 29 February are 2468, 2688, 2840 and 2992. (Ash Wednesday falls on 29 February only if Easter is on 15 April in a leap year starting on a Sunday.)

title: Coptic calendar

text: The Coptic year is the extension of the ancient Egyptian civil year, retaining its subdivision into the three seasons, four months each. The three seasons are commemorated by special prayers in the Coptic Liturgy. This calendar is still in use all over Egypt by farmers to keep track of the various agricultural seasons. The Coptic calendar has 13 months, 12 of 30 days each and one at the end of the year of 5 days in length, except in leap years when the month is 6 days. Today, and until 2099, the year starts on 11 September in the Gregorian Calendar or on the 12th in the year before (Julian) Leap Years. The Coptic Leap Year follows the same rules as the Julian Calendar so that the extra month always has six days in the year before a Julian Leap Year.


query: How many professional basketball teams are there in Puerto Rico?

title: Baloncesto Superior Nacional

text: The Baloncesto Superior Nacional, which is played under FIBA rules, currently consists of 8 teams, of which the most successful have been Leones de Ponce, Atléticos de San Germán and Vaqueros de Bayamón with 14 titles each. The league has produced players that have distinguished themselves in the NBA, EuroLeague, Spain's ACB, and other tournaments throughout the world. Among them, NBA players Butch Lee, José Ortiz, Ramón Rivas, Daniel Santiago, Carlos Arroyo and José Juan Barea started their careers playing for BSN teams.

title: Puerto Rico national basketball team

text: The Puerto Rico national basketball team () is governed by the Puerto Rican Basketball Federation ().

title: Bobby Joe Hatton

text: Roberto José Hatton Negron (born October 11, 1976) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player. Hatton has most notably played for Marist College in the NCAA and for the Arecibo Captains, San Germán Athletics, and Ponce Lions in Puerto Rico's Baloncesto Superior Nacional. Hatton has also played professionally in Portugal, Russia, Mexico and France. Hatton has been a member of the Puerto Rico national basketball team since 1993, taking part in both the 2004 Olympic Games, famous for their defeat of the United States team, as well as the 2006 FIBA World Championship.

title: Puerto Rico Professional College of Engineers and Land Surveyors

text: The Professional College of Engineers and Land Surveyors of Puerto Rico — (CIAPR)— is the professional association mandated by law that groups all engineers and land surveyors that call, present, or represent themselves as 'engineers' or 'land surveyors' in Puerto Rico. As with many other countries, the profession of engineering and land surveying is both regulated and licensed in Puerto Rico; while another entity, namely the Puerto Rico Examining Board of Engineers and Land Surveyors, regulates the profession and emits its corresponding licenses, the Puerto Rico Annotated Codes and Act 173 of 1988 requires that all licensed engineers and land surveyors in Puerto Rico must be members of the College. The quasi-public nonprofit corporation was established on May 15, 1938, through Act 319 of 1938 in order to bring together professionals with the right to practice engineering, architecture and surveying in Puerto Rico.

title: Gigantes de Carolina (men's basketball)

text: The Gigantes de Carolina was a Puerto Rican professional basketball team in the Baloncesto Superior Nacional based in Carolina, Puerto Rico.

text: The Puerto Rico women's national basketball team () is governed by the Puerto Rican Basketball Federation ().Roster for the 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup.

title: Víctor Ávila

text: Víctor Ávila (27 March 1977) is a Mexican professional basketball player currently with the CIBACOPA team Caballeros de Culiacán. Since the CIBACOPA takes place for only a few months a year, Avila also plays for Halcones UV Xalapa in the LNBP. Throughout his career, Avila has played professional basketball in the United States, Mexico, Czech Republic and Puerto Rico. He has represented Mexico’s national basketball team on many occasions.

title: Carmelo Antrone Lee

text: Carmelo Antrone Lee (born June 7, 1977) is an American professional basketball player currently playing for Atenienses de Manati of the Puerto Rico league Baloncesto Superior Nacional and Ironi Ramat Gan of the Israeli Basketball Super League. Lee has played with the Guaynabo Conquistadores in the National Superior Basketball league of Puerto Rico, he has played with Vaqueros de Bayamón since 2009. Internationally he has played with the Guaros (Venezuela), CAB (Portugal), Regatas C. (Argentina), LNBP (Mexico) and Metros (Dominican Republic). In 2007, Lee was included as a small forward in the Puerto Rico national basketball team. In 2009, he won the Puerto Rico national championship with Bayamon.

title: Butch Lee

text:
Lee was born in Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico to Gloria and Alfred Lee, Sr. Lee's family moved to Harlem, New York, U.S., when he was a young child. There he went on to become a 1st Team, PSAL All City basketball player and honor student at the DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx.
Lee showed talent for basketball since an early age, and he impressed many college scouts with his game style. He accepted an offer to play for Marquette University, starring there from 1974 to 1978. In 1974 Lee asked his coach Al McGuire to allow him to play for the United States Olympic basketball team. However, his coach had sent someone else and Lee went to Puerto Rico where he qualified for the Puerto Rican national basketball team. When Puerto Rico played against the U.S. in the 1976 Summer Olympics, Lee made 15 out of 18 field goals and scored 35 points. The U.S. still avoided an upset, defeating Puerto Rico by one point, 95-94.

title: Alvin Cruz

text: Alvin Cruz (born April 24, 1982) is a professional basketball player who played for the Niagara University men's university basketball team from 2001 to 2005. He is currently playing in the Baloncesto Superior Nacional. Born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Cruz played with the Puerto Rico U21 National Team-01 and Puerto Rico National Team-05 as well as in several different professional teams overseas.

title: Ángel Figueroa

text: Ángel Luis "Buster" Figueroa Sepúlveda (born October 13, 1981) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player for the Piratas de Quebradillas of the BSN league in Puerto Rico. He was a member of the Puerto Rico National Basketball Team in 2006.

title: Flor Meléndez

text: Although Meléndez would have probably been chosen to play on Puerto Rico's Liga de Baloncesto Superior (Puerto Rico's professional basketball league) he decided to pursue basketball as a future career, playing in the YMCA before entering the Puerto Rico's professional basketball league in 1965, with San Juan's squad.

title: Santeros de Aguada

text: Santeros de Aguada is a Puerto Rican professional basketball team of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional. The team is based in Aguada, Puerto Rico.

title: Luis Villafañe

text: Luis Villafañe (born June 21, 1981 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player who plays with Caciques de Humacao of the Puerto Rican Baloncesto Superior Nacional. He also is a member of the Puerto Rico National Basketball Team.

title: Atléticos de San Germán

text: Founded in the 1930s after the amalgamation of the old San Germán team and the Farmacia Martín team, the team is one of the original BSN franchises and is owned by José "Picky" Servera. The Athletics play their home games at the Arquelio Torres Ramírez Coliseum. The franchise's fourteen championships are tied with the Vaqueros de Bayamón and the Leones de Poncs for the most of any BSN franchise, and account for 16.8% of all BSN championships since the league's tournaments began in 1930. This makes the "Atléticos de San Germán" the most successful basketball club to date of all professional sports franchises in the western part of Puerto Rico and the town itself is known as "La cuna del baloncesto en Puerto Rico" (the cradle of basketball in Puerto Rico).

title: Puerto Rico

text:
The Puerto Rico national basketball team joined the International Basketball Federation in 1957. Since then, it has won more than 30 medals in international competitions, including gold in three FIBA Americas Championships and the 1994 Goodwill Games August 8, 2004, became a landmark date for the team when it became the first team to defeat the United States in an Olympic tournament since the integration of National Basketball Association players. Winning the inaugural game with scores of 92–73 as part of the 2004 Summer Olympics organized in Athens, Greece. Baloncesto Superior Nacional acts as the top-level professional basketball league in Puerto Rico, and has experienced success since its beginning in 1930.
Puerto Rico is also a member of FIFA and CONCACAF. In 2008, the archipelago's first unified league, the Puerto Rico Soccer League, was established.

title: Mets de Guaynabo (basketball)

text: The Mets de Guaynabo was a Puerto Rican professional basketball team of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional based in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. The team dissolved in 2015.

title: Sports in Puerto Rico

text: Boxing has, for many years, disputed the top spot for the Puerto Rican fan's favorite sport with Baseball and Basketball. Puerto Ricans have distinguished themselves both as amateurs and professionals. In 1917, Nero Chen became the first Puerto Rican professional boxer to gain international recognition. Puerto Rico has also been the site of many championship fights.

title: Rick Pitino

text: On December 20, 2010, the Puerto Rico Basketball Federation announced Rick Pitino as the next head coach for Puerto Rico's Olympic team. The President of the Basketball Federation described the hiring as the highest impact coaching hire in the history of Puerto Rico Basketball. On April 29, 2011, it was announced that Pitino would not coach the Puerto Rico national team due to scheduling conflicts and NCAA regulations disallowing it. Pitino coached the Puerto Rican national team at the 2015 FIBA Americas Championships in Mexico City.

text: Puerto Rico All Star Unicycling Basketball Team is an unicycling basketball team based in Puerto Rico. They have represented their country many times internationally. They are 10 times world champions and two times silver medallists.

title: Gilberto Clavell

text: Gilberto Clavell III (born August 10, 1989) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player who currently plays for Santeros de Aguada of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN). Clavell was an All-American college player at Sam Houston State University. Clavell represents the Puerto Rico national basketball team and the Puerto Rico 3x3 men's national team at the international level.

title: Sports in Puerto Rico

text: In 1913, the YMCA of Puerto Rico organized the first game played using the official rules of basketball and in 1916, the YMCA organized the first basketball tournament in Puerto Rico. Teams organized in the other YMCAs in the island participated in the tournament. The first basketball organization in Puerto Rico was the San Juan Basketball League. Río Piedras and Bayamón later followed and formed their own leagues.

title: Puerto Rico United

text: Puerto Rico United is a Puerto Rican professional association football team based in Aguada, Puerto Rico. Founded in 2007, the team plays in the Puerto Rico Soccer League and before the team played in USL Professional Division in the United States professional soccer pyramid.

title: Juan Báez

text: Juan Báez (born April 14, 1935), also known as "Johnny" and "El Indio de la Vía", is a former Puerto Rican basketball player. He played from 1953 to 1969 in Puerto Rico's Superior Basketball League and from 1957 to 1961 with the Real Madrid basketball Spanish basketball team in Europe. In 1957, Báez was named the league's Most Valuable Player (MVP) and points leader. In 2007, Báez was awarded Puerto Rico's top sports award, the Puerto Rico Olympic Medal of Honor. Báez was also inducted into Puerto Rico's Sports Hall of Fame.

title: Sports in Puerto Rico

text: Basketball became a popular sport in Puerto Rico, due in part to the BSN, which has been around since the 1930s. During the early 1980s, with many games shown on television, the sport's popularity increased. There is also a women's professional league, which is affiliated to the BSN. Street basketball is also popular among Puerto Rico's youth.

title: Rick Apodaca

text: Rick Apodaca (born July 1, 1980) is a Puerto Rican former professional basketball player. Apodaca has played in the NCAA, USBL, NBDL, and the National Superior Basketball League of Puerto Rico (BSN) with the Arecibo Captains, Bayamón Cowboys, San German Athletics and Leones de Ponce. He also played professional basketball in Poland, Italy and Turkey. Apodaca was a member of the senior Puerto Rican National Basketball Team that defeated the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympic Games.

title: Streetball in Puerto Rico

text: Linked to the popularity of basketball in Puerto Rico, the recurrence of streetball has become intertwined with the practice of the sport in all of its levels. Taking influence from the grassroots connection of Nuyorican streetballers to the Baloncesto Superior Nacional, the practice is widespread in Puerto Rico, with impromptu games being a highly common occurrence for decades. Organized streetball gained momentum in the early 2000s and soon became involved with the local urban culture, especially the Hip hop and Reggaeton industries, giving origin to teams like Puerto Rico Streetball and the Puerto Rico Streetballers. Organizations based in Puerto Rico have played against foreign competition, with the results including the first win of an international team over the prominent AND1 Live Tour Team. Teams native to the archipelago are affiliated to the Street Basketball Association and FIBA's 3x3 diversification program. Team San Juan, based on the municipality of the same name, was the champion of the first edition of the FIBA 3x3 World Tour.

title: Puerto Rico women's national under-19 basketball team

text: The Puerto Rico women's national under-18 and under-19 basketball team, is controlled by the Puerto Rican Basketball Federation (), abbreviated as FBPUR, and represents Puerto Rico in international under-18 and under-19 (under age 18 and under age 19) women's basketball competitions.

title: Andrés Rodríguez (basketball)

text: Andrés Guillermo Rodríguez Fernández (born February 27, 1981) is a Puerto Rican professional basketball player, who last played for Atenienses de Manatí of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional. He was born in Puerto Rico, where he debuted as a professional basketball played for the Criollos de Caguas in 1999. Rodríguez attended University of Louisville and American University, completing his college education in 2004. Afterwards, he migrated to Europe, where he first played for Olimpija Ljubljana and had his best season by leading the Liga ACB in assists per game in 2013 with Obradoiro CAB. While concurrently playing in Puerto Rico, Rodríguez won three BSN championships for two different teams. Internationally, he is a member of the Puerto Rico national basketball team.

title: Manolo Cintrón

text: Manuel "Manolo" Cintrón Vega (born January 4, 1963 in Ponce, Puerto Rico) is a former Puerto Rican professional basketball player, who for 11 seasons in the 1980s and early 1990s played with several teams in the National Basketball League in Puerto Rico., including the Atléticos de San Germán, the Leones de Ponce and the Gigantes de Carolina.

title: Atenienses de Manatí (basketball)

text: The Atenienses de Manatí was a professional basketball team based in Manatí, Puerto Rico, that competed in the National Superior Basketball (BSN) league. In 2017 the team was relocated to Fajardo, Puerto Rico and became the Cariduros de Fajardo.


query: How long did The Maratha Conquests last?

title: Battles involving the Maratha Empire

text: After a lifetime of warfare with Adilshah of Bijapur and Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, Shivaji founded an independent Maratha kingdom in 1674 with Raigad as its capital. Shivaji died in 1680, leaving behind a large kingdom. After Shivaji, Sambhaji took up throne and expanded Hindavi Swaraj. He built strong army as well as strong navy. Mughal emperor Aurangzeb sacrificed his throne and came to Deccan to defeat Sambhaji. The Mughals invaded, fighting an unsuccessful War of 27 years from 1681 to 1707. Shahu, a grandson of Shivaji, ruled as emperor until 1749. During his reign, Shahu appointed the first Peshwa as head of the government, under certain conditions. After the death of Shahu, the Peshwas became the de facto leaders of the Empire from 1749 to 1761, while Shivaji's successors continued as nominal rulers from their base in Satara. Covering a large part of the subcontinent, the Maratha Empire kept the British forces at bay during the 18th century, until internal relations between the Peshwas and their sardars (army commanders) deteriorated, provoking its gradual downfall.

title: Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent

text: Ahmed Shah Abdali – a Pashtun – embarked on a conquest in South Asia starting in 1747. In the short space of just over a quarter of a century, he forged one of the largest Muslim empires of the 18th century. The high point of his conquests was his victory over the powerful Marathas in the third Battle of Panipat 1761. In the Indian subcontinent, his empire stretched from the Indus at Attock all the way to the outskirts of Delhi. Uninterested in long-term of conquest or in replacing the Mughal Empire, he became increasingly pre occupied with revolts by the Sikhs. Sikh holocaust of 1762 took place under the Muslim provincial government based at Lahore to wipe out the Sikhs, with 30,000 Sikhs being killed, an offensive that had begun with the Mughals, with the Sikh holocaust of 1746, and lasted several decades under its Muslim successor states. His empire started to unravel not long after his death.

title: Siege of Ponda

text: The Siege of Ponda was a siege of Ponda, Goa, during the Imperial Maratha Conquests. The siege lasted from 8 April to 6 May 1675.

title: Maratha conquest of North-west India

text: In Lahore, as in Delhi, the Marathas were now major players. The Maratha Empire had reached its peak, the empire's territories covered much of South Asia. By 1760, with defeat of the Nizam in the Deccan, Maratha power reached its zenith with a territory of over 2,800,000 km. The last frontier of the Marathas at this time was at Peshawar in today's Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa on the Afghanistan border.

title: Gujarat under Alamgir II

text: The Mughal Empire's province Gujarat (now in India) was under attack of the Marathas since last half century. The chief Maratha houses, Gaikwar and Peshwa had made peace with each other and driven out the Mughal nobles under the emperor Alamgir II. One such noble, Momin Khan, had countered their advances and recovered Ahmedabad in 1756 lost to the Marathas few years ago. After a long siege, Ahmedabad fell again in hands of the Marathas. The Marathas levied tributes across Gujarat. In 1759, the English of the British East India Company captured Surat. Sadashiv Ramchandra was appointed as a viceroy by Peshwa in 1760 followed by Apa Ganesh in 1761. Following defeat of Marathas in the Third Battle of Panipat (1761), the nobles briefly recovered towns from the Marathas but soon had to surrender. Thus the Marathas firmly established themselves in Gujarat.

title: 62nd Punjabis

text: The regiment had its antecedents in the old Madras Army of the British East India Company, which was largely responsible for the British conquest of south and central India. It was raised at Madras in September 1759, as the 3rd Battalion of Coast Sepoys from existing companies of sepoys that had been raised a year earlier. The men were mostly enlisted from South India and consisted of Muslims and Hindus. The regiment was actively engaged in the wars against the French, Mysore and the Marathas. Their first major engagement was the decisive Battle of Wandiwash in 1760, which ended French colonial ambitions in India. This was followed by forty years of constant warfare against the Sultans of Mysore, and then the Marathas chieftains. In the Second Maratha War of 1803-05, the regiment fought in the Battle of Assaye under General Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington. Its performance at Assaye was much appreciated and it was permitted to display the word "Assaye" with the device of an elephant on their colours and appointments. It was again engaged against the Marathas during the Third Maratha War of 1817-19, which decisively broke the Maratha power in India. In 1840, the regiment took part in the First Anglo-Chinese War, where it again performed well and as a reward, was authorized to bear a golden dragon wearing the imperial crown upon its regimental colours. In the latter part of the 19th century, the regiment did not see much action, although it saw active service in Burma.

title: Maratha conquest of North-west India

text: Immediately following the loss at Panipat, the Marathas under the leadership of Madhavrao I began planning and organising for the re-establishment of Maratha supremacy. Ten years after Panipat, he sent a large Maratha army into northern India in an expedition that was meant to re-establish Maratha domination in that area and punish refractory powers that had either sided with the Afghans, such as the Rohillas, or had shaken off Maratha domination after Panipat, the result of which was the Maratha Resurrection resulting in the Capture of Delhi in 1771 and the capture of Nazibabad in 1772 and the installation of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II to the nominal throne under Maratha suzerainty. The success of this campaign can be seen as the last chapter of the long story of Panipat.

text: There is no doubt that the single most important power to emerge in the long twilight of the Mughal dynasty was the Maratha Confederacy (1674 CE - 1818 CE). The Marathas are responsible, to a large extent, for ending Mughal rule in India. The Maratha Empire ruled large parts of India following the decline of the Mughals. The long and futile war bankrupted one of the most powerful empires in the world. Mountstart Elphinstone termed this a demoralizing period for the Muslims as many of them lost the will to fight against the Maratha Empire. Maratha empire at its peak stretched from Tamil Nadu (Trichinopoly) "present Tiruchirappalli" in the south to the Afghan border in the north. In early 1771, Mahadji, a notable Maratha general, recaptured Delhi and installed Shah Alam II as the puppet ruler on the Mughal throne. In north India, the Marathas thus regained the territory and the prestige lost as result of the defeat at Panipath in 1761. However regions of Kashmir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Western Punjab, were captured by Marathas between 1758 and 1759, remained in Afghan rule before ascension of Sikh power. Mahadji ruled the Punjab as it used to be a Mughal territory and Sikh sardars and other Rajas of the cis-Sutlej region paid tributes to him. A considerable portion of the Indian subcontinent came under the sway of the British Empire after the Third Anglo-Maratha War, which ended the Maratha Empire in 1818.

title: Maratha Empire

text:
The Second Anglo-Maratha War represents the military high-water mark of the Marathas who posed the last serious opposition to the formation of the British Raj. The real contest for India was never a single decisive battle for the subcontinent. Rather it turned on a complex social and political struggle for control of the South Asian military economy. The victory in 1803 hinged as much on finance, diplomacy, politics and intelligence as it did on battlefield maneuver and war itself.
Ultimately, the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818) resulted in the loss of Maratha independence. It left the British in control of most of India. The Peshwa was exiled to Bithoor (Marat, near Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) as a pensioner of the British. The Maratha heartland of Desh, including Pune, came under direct British rule, with the exception of the states of Kolhapur and Satara, which retained local Maratha rulers (descendants of Shivaji and Sambhaji II ruled over Kolhapur). The Maratha-ruled states of Gwalior, Indore, and Nagpur all lost territory and came under subordinate alliance with the British Raj as princely states that retained internal sovereignty under British paramountcy. Other small princely states of Maratha knights were retained under the British Raj as well.

title: Maratha conquest of North-west India

text: Raghunathrao and his deputy Malhar Rao were not interested in holding the position in the north for long. On their request, Peshwa had to find their substitutes. He gave supreme command of north India to Dattaji Scindia, while Jankoji Scindia was appointed his deputy. They proceeded towards Delhi separately at different times. The new Maratha commanders were not familiar with the topology, climate and political conditions of Delhi and Punjab.

title: Maratha conquest of North-west India

text:
The Marathas had failed to befriend the important party of Punjab, particularly Sikhs. They couldn't make any formal treaty with Sikhs, who along with Adina Beg had assisted them in their conquest of north-west. Marathas treated Sikhs as a non-entity in Punjab affairs. According to an assessment, the Sikhs were ever ready to co-operate with the Marathas, but it goes to the discredit of the Marathas that they could not make a proper confederacy with Sikhs. Kirpal Singh writes:
Besides, the political leadership of Marathas was also poor. They failed to distinguish between friends and foes in the Punjab. Ignoring all the claims of Sikh leaders, Raghunath Rao appointed Adina Beg Khan as the governor. Finding the Maratha leadership completely off guard against their political foes, many Afghans who were earlier taken captives by Marathas quickly changed their loyalty towards Adina Beg and were recruited in his army. However, later on they betrayed him and joined Abdali's forces during his fifth invasion.

title: Battle of Savanur

text: The Battle of Savanur occurred between the forces of the Maratha Empire and the forces of the Kingdom of Mysore from September 1786 to October 1786. Maratha general, Haripant's army decided to move to Savanur due to growing illness and lack of resources amongst his Maratha troops. His army was pursued by the forces of Tipu Sultan, who made two attacks early in September on the Maratha camp, which proved to be indecisive. On 15 September 1786, Tipu's army encamped approximately 5 miles from Savanur. On 1 October 1786, Tipu's army divided into four columns and made a surprise attack on the Maratha position. The Marathas, however, were informed by their spies about Tipu's surprise attack and had evacuated their position. The Marathas moved to a height from which they attacked Tipu's forces with artillery. Tipu ordered his troops not to fire back to deceive the Marathas into thinking that he did not possess long range guns. He did this to lure the Marathas to make an offensive. The strategy had proven to be effective, and the Marathas advanced to the Mysore position. When the Marathas had come close enough, Tipu's army unleashed a strong barrage of heavy fire on them. Tipu's heavy firing on the Marathas continued for approximately 7 hours. The Marathas were forced to retreat and Tipu Sultan entered Savanur on 10 October 1786 with support from the inhabitants of the city.

title: Maratha conquest of North-west India

text: This incident has a special importance in Indian history, particularly Hindu history since, after nearly seven and a half centuries when the last Hindu King of the region Trilochan Pal Shahi had been defeated by the Muslim invader Mahmud of Ghazni in 1020 C.E., Indus river came under Hindu rule due to the Maratha conquest of Punjab in 1758. This campaign of the Marathas led by Raghunath Rao is hailed as Raghu's Bharari - i.e. whirlwind campaign in Maharashtra even today.

title: Richard Benyon of Madras

text: The most important event of Benyon's tenure was the invasion of the Marathas who invaded South India twice, once in late 1740 and the second time, in May 1741. During the second invasion, the Maratha army under Raghoji Bhonsle invaded Trichinopoly, where the Carnatic general Chanda Sahib had set up his stronghold, while another occupied Fort St David, Porto Novo and Sadras. However, following the successful conquest of Trichinopoly and the capture of Chanda Sahib, the Maratha troops relinquished their conquests and quickly withdrew. All through this period, Benyon tried to coerce the Maratha generals by sending them presents. The fortifications of Madras were strengthened and all British, Portuguese and Armenian citizens of the city were forcibly conscripted.

title: Chimaji Appa

text: Chimaji Appa died in 1740. The conquest of Bassein was long cherished by the Marathas as a matter of national pride and glory. A relationship built on trust and camaraderie between Bajirao and Chimaji was the key to the meteoric rise of the Marathas during Bajirao Peshwa's reign.

title: Maratha conquest of North-west India

text: The Maratha commander Raghunathrao and Malharrao Holkar entrusted the government of Punjab on lease to Adina Beg Khan on the promise of 75 lakh rupees of annual tribute to the Marathas before their retirement to south after about three months. As regards as Sikhs, the Marathas left it to Adina to deal with them as pleased. Adina Beg Khan who earlier served as governor of Punjab for Mughals was now governor for Marathas. Several junior Maratha officers were also appointed for his assistance in governance.

title: Maratha conquest of North-west India

text: The Maratha Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao sent his brother Raghunath Rao along with Shamsher Bahadur, Gangadhar Tatya, Sakharambapu, Naroshankar and Maujiram Bania and a large army towards Delhi and Punjab. They were accompanied by Malhar Rao Holkar of Malwa who had a long experience of North India and its rulers. The Marathas captured Delhi in August 1757. They decisively defeated the Rohillas and Afghans near Delhi in 1758. The defeat was so decisive that Najib Khan surrendered to the Marathas and became their prisoner.

title: Battle of Bhopal

text: As the Mughal empire continued to weaken after Aurangzeb's death, the Maratha Peshwa Bajirao I invaded Mughal territories such as Malwa and Gujarat. The Mughal emperor was alarmed by Maratha conquests. In 1737, the Marathas invaded Delhi, defeated the Mughals, and then marched back to their capital Pune.

title: Battles involving the Maratha Empire

text: The Imperial Maratha Conquests were a series of conquests in the Indian subcontinent which led to the building of the Maratha Empire. These conquests were started by Shivaji in 1659 from the victory at the Battle of Pratapgad. The conquests conclusively defeated and overtook the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent and its vassals. It ended with the eventual fall of the Maratha Empire after the second and the third Anglo-Maratha Wars.

title: Nizam of Hyderabad

text: Following the decline of the Mughal power, the region of Deccan saw the rise of the Maratha Empire. The titullar Nizams themselves fought during the Mughal-Maratha Wars since the 1720s, which resulted in the Nizam paying a regular tax ("Chauth") to the Marathas. The major battles fought between the Marathas and the Nizam include Palkhed, Bhopal, Rakshasbhuvan, and Kharda, in all of which the Nizam lost. Following the conquest of Deccan by Bajirao I and the imposition of "chauth" by him, the Nizam remained a tributary of the Marathas for all intent and purposes.

title: Maratha conquest of North-west India

text: The Maratha Conquest of North-west India, occurred between 1757 and 1758. Though it was short-lived, it had long-lasting effects upon the politics of the Indian subcontinent.

title: Maratha Empire

text: The Maratha Empire soon allied with the British East India Company (based in the Bengal Presidency) against Mysore in the Anglo-Mysore Wars. After the British had suffered defeat against Mysore in the first two Anglo-Mysore War, the Maratha cavalry assisted the British in the last two Anglo-Mysore Wars from 1790 onwards, eventually helping the British conquer Mysore in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799. After the British conquest, however, the Marathas launched frequent raids in Mysore to plunder the region, which they justified as compensation for past losses to Tipu Sultan.

title: 84th Punjabis

text: The regiment had its antecedents in the old Madras Army of the British East India Company, which was largely responsible for the British conquest of south and central India. It was raised at Vellore in August 1794, as the 34th Madras Battalion. The regiment's first action was during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War near Mallavelly on 27 March 1799. On 4 May, it fought in the Battle of Seringapatam, where Tipu Sultan made his last stand. The regiment's next major action was in the Second Maratha War, where it fought in the Battle of Assaye on 3 September 1803, under General Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington. The regiment's performance was much appreciated during the day's fierce fighting, where it suffered 228 casualties. As a reward, it was permitted to display the word "Assaye" with the device of an elephant on their colours and appointments. In 1810, it took part in the expeditions to Bourbon Island and Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. It was again engaged against the Marathas during the Third Maratha War of 1817–19, which decisively broke the Maratha power in India. In the latter part of the 19th century, the regiment did not see much action, although it saw active service in Burma.

title: Roman conquest of the Iberian peninsula

text: Appian wrote: "With only 8,000 men when the war began, how many and what terrible reverses they bring upon the Romans! How many treaties did they make on equal terms with the Romans, which the latter would not consent to make with any other people! How often did they challenge to open battle the last commander sent against them, who had an army of 60,000 men!" He noted "their small numbers and great sufferings, their valiant deeds and long endurance."

title: Hyderabad State

text: Following the decline of the Mughal power, the region of Deccan saw the rise of Maratha Empire. The Nizam himself saw many invasions by the Marathas in the 1720s, which resulted in the Nizam paying a regular tax ("Chauth") to the Marathas. The major battles fought between the Marathas and the Nizam include Palkhed, Rakshasbhuvan, and Kharda. Following the conquest of Deccan by Bajirao I and the imposition of "chauth" by him, Nizam remained a tributary of the Marathas for all intent and purposes.

title: Mughal–Maratha Wars

text: Maratha ministers realised that the Mughals would move on Vishalgad. They insisted that Rajaram leave Vishalgad for Senji (Gingee) (in present Tamil Nadu), which had been captured by Shivaji during his southern conquests and was now to be the new Maratha capital. Rajaram travelled south under escort of Khando Ballal and his men.

title: Military history of India

text: Although the descendants of Shivaji continued to rule, the office of the Peshwa, or the Prime Minister, became the focus of Maratha power and patronage. The Peshwas were the effective rulers of the Maratha state and oversaw the period of greatest Maratha expansion, brought to an end by the Maratha's defeat by an Afghan army at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761. The Marathas recovered their position as the dominant power in India by 1772 until the last Peshwa, Baji Rao II, was defeated by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War. With the defeat of the Marathas, no native power represented a threat for the British any longer. The end of the last Anglo-Maratha War marked the era of British paramountcy over India.

title: Battle of Assaye

text: With the remanned Maratha artillery silenced, Wellesley turned his attention to Pohlmann's reformed infantry. Although Maxwell had suffered heavy losses, he had rallied his cavalry and returned to the field of battle. Wellesley ordered him to charge the Maratha left flank, while the infantry moved forward as a single line to meet the centre and right. The cavalry spurred forward but were met with a volley of canister shot which struck Maxwell, killing him instantly. Their momentum lost, the cavalry did not complete their charge but veered away from the Maratha line at the last moment. The British and Madras infantry marched on against the Maratha position but Pohlmann's men, their morale low, did not wait for the attack and instead retreated northwards across the Juah. Descriptions differ as to the manner of their departure: Maratha sources claim the line marched away from the battlefield in an orderly manner on Pohlmann's orders but British accounts claim the Maratha infantry fled in an uncontrolled panic. Berar's irregulars inside Assaye, now leaderless and having witnessed the fate of the regular infantry, abandoned the village and marched off northwards at around 18:00, followed shortly afterwards by the Maratha cavalry. Wellesley's troops, however, were exhausted and in no condition to pursue and the native allied cavalry which had remained on the south bank of the Kailna and had not been engaged, refused to pursue without the support of the British and Madras cavalry.

title: Mughal–Maratha Wars

text: Marathas conquered North-west India between 1757 and 1758. Though it was short-lived, it had long-lasting effects upon the politics of the Indian subcontinent. Marathas reached Multan and Peshawar by 1758. They later lost the control of north-west India in Third Battle of Panipat, and suffered heavy damages.

title: Maratha conquest of North-west India

text: The Marathas had started losing interest in the north-west. Peshwa, again and again ordered retirement of experienced Maratha generals from Punjab with their troops as he considered Deccan more important than distant Punjab. The Peshwa was alarmed by the growing French and British influence in the Deccan. When Abdali invaded Punjab for the fifth time, the Marathas didn't try hard enough to save the frontier posts and instead started planning to save Delhi from another invasion.

title: Battle of Lalsot

text: The battle started with cannonade on both sides. The Jaipur army stayed back in a defensive position as they had long range artillery, the cannonade continued till 11 O'Clock, the Marathas faced some casualties as they had light artillery and could not counter attack effectively. The Rathor horsemen of Jodhpur however grew impatient and around 4000 of them charged the Maratha army. The Marathas shot the Rathors with artillery and musket fire killing many, the Rathors however charged the Marathas and broke into the left wing, many from the Maratha side were killed, the Rathors pushed deep into Maratha lines and attacked De Boigne, forcing him to retreat after a short fight. Rana Khan upon seeing his left wing crumble, sent reinforcemnts under Shivaji Vithal, Rayaji Patil and Khande Hari, they slowly rallied the fleeing soldiers and fought "the bloodiest and most obstinate struggle of the day". The Jaipur army however did not take advantage of this opening created by the reckless charge and held their positions. The Rathors upon seeing no reinforcements, started losing morale as the Maratha reserves were now approaching them, they were finally pushed back. The right wing of the Maratha army fared better as they unknowingly killed the Mughal General Muhammad Beg Hamdani by a stray shot from the cannon. The Mughal soldiers made a charge at the Maratha right wing, but were pushed back. Upon knowing that their general was dead the Mughals did not make another attempt to attack the Marathas. The Rathors did make attempts to capture the Maratha artillery, they charged the Marathas four times but could not make any gains. The two armies held their positions till midnight and then returned to their camps. The Marathas did not make any advances as they did not know about Muhammad Begs death. Mahadji also feared that the Rajput and Afghan mercenaries in his army may change sides. There was some cannonade on both sides but both sides remained in their camps for the rest of the war.


query: Who founded GMT Games?

title: GMT Games

text: GMT's name comes from the first name initials of founders Gene Billingsley, Mike Crane, and Terry Shrum. However, Crane and Shrum soon split acrimoniously with GMT, and founded their own company, the Fresno Gaming Association.

title: GMT400

text: The GMT 400 and similar GMT 480 was the platform for the 1988-1998 model year full-size pickup truck. The GMT 410, GMT 420, GMT 425, and GMT 430 were used for full-size SUVs from 1992 to 2000. This was the first GMT designation for the C (RWD) and K (4WD/AWD) full-size trucks and SUVs.

title: GM GMT platform

text: Prior to GM's 2009 bankruptcy, all GMT 360 products were discontinued and the Moraine, Ohio plant that produced the GMT 360 series was closed. Simultaneous with the cancellation of the GMT 360 program, development of the GMT 361 replacements were also suspended. A new body-on-frame midsize SUV retaining the Chevrolet TrailBlazer name and built in Thailand was launched as part of the GMT 700 program; however, it will not be sold in North America, as the GM Lambda platform crossovers are considered by General Motors to fill the market's need.

title: Time in France

text: At the Liberation of France in the summer of 1944, Metropolitan France kept GMT+2 as it was the time then used by the Allies (British Double Summer Time). In the winter of 1944–1945, Metropolitan France switched to GMT+1, same as in the United Kingdom, and switched again to GMT+2 in April 1945 like its British ally. In September 1945, Metropolitan France returned to GMT+1 (pre-war summer time), which the British had already done in July 1945. Metropolitan France was officially scheduled to return to GMT+0 on November 18, 1945 (the British returned to GMT+0 in on October 7, 1945), but the French government canceled the decision on November 5, 1945, and GMT+1 has since then remained the official time of Metropolitan France.

title: Stuart Robert

text: After leaving the army in 1999, Robert founded the IT services firm GMT Recruitment, with colleague Andrew Chantler. GMT Recruitment subsequently grew to be a nationwide company and was named a "Business Review Weekly" "Fast 100" award winner in 2006. The list, which recognised the fastest-growing 100 companies in Australia, again featured GMT Recruitment in both 2007 and 2008.

title: Time in Spain

text: Spain has two time zones and observes daylight saving time. Spain mainly uses Central European Time (GMT+01:00) and Central European Summer Time (GMT+02:00) in Peninsular Spain, the Balearic Islands, Ceuta, Melilla and plazas de soberanía. In the Canary Islands, the time zone is Western European Time (GMT±00:00) and Western European Summer Time (GMT+01:00). Daylight saving time is observed from the last Sunday in March (01:00 GMT) to the last Sunday in October (01:00 GMT) throughout Spain.

title: GM GMT platform

text: The GMT 325/330 series was a compact truck line including mid-size pickup trucks and SUVs. It debuted in 1982, though it was not given its GMT name until the late 1980s when the new GMT 400 was introduced. The GMT 325/330 was GM's compact truck and SUV line, designated by an S (RWD) or T (4WD/AWD).

title: AmfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research

text: The GMT initiative is dedicated to providing HIV/AIDS assistance to men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people (which they term as the collective 'gay men and transgender (GMT)'). Unlike TREAT Asia, the GMT Initiative is truly global, with recent work in regarding their mentoring model in Paraguay, Thailand, Tajikistan and Kenya and Ukraine. The GMT Initiative further aims to spur outreach to low-income individuals by providing the amfAR HIV Scholars Program with the Center for LGBT Health Research at the University of Pittsburgh. Scholarship recipients from 2015 include individuals from South Africa, Pakistan and Belize.

title: GM GMT platform

text: The GMT 700 platform provides the replacements for both the GMT 355 midsize pickups and GMT 360 midsize SUVs. Most GMT 700s for the global market are built in Rayong, Thailand, though North American market models will be made at GM's Wentzville, Missouri plant alongside the GMT 600 vans from the 2014 model year onward. Subsequently, the GMT 355 plant in Shreveport, Louisiana will be closed. Both the global and North American models are made at CAMI's Ingersoll, Ontario plant.

title: Bozeman Watch Company

text:
There are two Smokejumper style watches, the Smokejumper GMT or Chronograph. the GMT Worldtime is the National Smokejumpers official timepiece. The inspiration for the GMT came from airborne fire fighters" Those who risk it all to preserve life, save property and protect our national forests." . It comes with two different available dial colors: silver and black or enamel and super luminescent. The GMT has automatic Swiss specialty-line mechanical movement, a 21-jewel movement with 28,800 vibrations per hour (VPH). It has a 42-hour power reserve and a second time zone function. It is COSC certified, is water resistant to 330 ft and is domed with sapphire crystals. The back is engraved with the Missoula, MT smokejumper base logo endorsement. The GMT will initially be limited to one hundred individual numbered pieces.
The original Smokejumper Chronograph, as stated in the April 2008 issue of Insync; "[I]s BWC's only chronograph and at 46.5mm, It's largest. It is also limited to 100 individually numbered editions, which are newrly all spoken for. Wardle says once the Smokejumper is sold out they will produce a different model,[GMT]which should please owners of this distinctive piece".

title: 2019 Piper PA-46 Malibu disappearance

text: The search resumed at 08:00 GMT on 22 January. By 11:45 GMT, a total of had been covered by five aircraft and two lifeboats, but no trace of the aircraft had been found. A French Navy vessel also participated in the search. As of 15:30 GMT on 22 January, one plane and one lifeboat were still searching, bringing the total area covered to . The search was again suspended in the evening of 22 January. A number of floating objects had been found, but it was not confirmed that they came from the missing aircraft. The search resumed at 08:00 GMT on 23 January with two aircraft searching coastal areas around Alderney. As of 11:30 GMT, a helicopter and three planes were continuing the search and trying to review satellite imagery and mobile phone data. However, there was still no trace of the missing aircraft.

title: GM GMT platform

text: The GMT 400 and similar GMT 480 is the platform for the 1988-1998 full-size pickup truck platform. However, the C/K 2500 and 3500 series pickup trucks are designated GMT400 through the model year 2000. The GMT 410, GMT 420, GMT 425, and GMT 430 were used for full-size SUVs from 1991 to 1999. This was the first GMT designation for the C (RWD) and K (4WD/AWD) full-size trucks and SUVs.

title: GM GMT platform

text: The GMT 360 debuted in 2002 with the Chevrolet TrailBlazer, GMC Envoy, and Oldsmobile Bravada, as the next generation S/T mid-size SUVs. While it replaced the GMT 330, it shared nothing with the older platform. It used hydroformed frame rails like the larger GMT 800, and was built for GM's "Atlas" inline engines. The GMT 360 (and the long-wheelbase GMT 370) went on to be one of the most rebadged GM products with six different marques represented.

title: GM GMT platform

text: The GMT 355 is the redesigned S/T compact pickup truck design and the successor to the GMT 325 series. GMT 355s are built in Shreveport, Louisiana and Rayong, Thailand. GMT 355 uses an A-arm independent suspension in front and live axle with leaf springs in the rear. The Atlas straight-4 and straight-5 engines are widely used, starting in 2009, a 5.3L V8 was added. A 4-speed automatic and 5-speed manual transmission are also specified.

title: Mount Leinster

text: The aircraft departed Birmingham at 0745 hrs GMT. At 0905 hrs GMT the aircraft contacted Shannon ATC and advised that he estimated Kilkenny at 0935 hrs GMT. At 0915 hrs GMT he advised Shannon that he was leaving 6,000 ft descending to 3,000 ft. At 0918 hrs GMT the pilot advised that he was ten miles east of the coast and passing through 4,000 ft. That was the last message received from G-BKGY.

title: GMT Games

text: GMT Games is a California-based wargaming publisher founded in 1990. The current management and creative team includes Tony Curtis, Rodger MacGowan, Mark Simonitch, and Andy Lewis. The company has become well known for graphically attractive games that range from "monster games", of many maps and counters, to quite simple games suitable for introducing new players to wargaming. They also produce card games and family games. The Washington Post called GMT "the modern hobby's highest-profile wargame publisher".[1]

title: Greenwich Mean Time

text: As the United Kingdom grew into an advanced maritime nation, British mariners kept at least one chronometer on GMT to calculate their longitude from the Greenwich meridian, which was by convention considered to have longitude zero degrees, adopted in the International Meridian Conference of 1884. Synchronisation of the chronometer on GMT did not affect shipboard time, which was still solar time. But this practice, combined with mariners from other nations drawing from Nevil Maskelyne's method of lunar distances based on observations at Greenwich, led to GMT being used worldwide as a standard time independent of location. Most time zones were based upon GMT, as an offset of a number of hours (and possibly half or quarter hours) "ahead of GMT" or "behind GMT".

title: Rolex GMT Master II

text: The Rolex GMT-Master wristwatch was originally designed in collaboration with Pan American Airways and issued by the airline to their crews on long-haul flights. ("GMT" in the name stands for Greenwich Mean Time also known as Coordinated Universal Time). The original GMT Master watch has a 24-hour display fourth hand complication directly linked to and displaying the same time zone as the standard 12-hour hand. This GMT hand enabled the crews to set the watch to GMT or another time zone, and, using the rotatable 24-hour scale bezel, set to the correct offset, a second time zone could be read. GMT or UTC is the time zone that is required for all aviation planning, weather forecasts, schedules and other paperwork.

title: GMT Games

text: Some of the better-known games produced by GMT Games include:

title: 2009 flu pandemic timeline

text:
 WHO
As of 06:00 GMT, 21 countries have officially reported 1,124 cases of influenza A (H1N1) infection. WHO
As of 06:00 GMT, 22 countries have officially reported 1,516 cases of influenza A (H1N1) infection.

title: The Great Battles of Alexander

text: "The Great Battles of Alexander" began development at Erudite Software in 1994, as an adaptation of the titular board wargame designed by Mark Herman and Richard Berg, first published by GMT Games in 1991. The physical "Great Battles" series was known as a commercial success in a period of falling sales for board games. "Alexander"s computer adaptation was first announced in late 1994, under the direction of Mark Herman, and was created with assistance from GMT. Erudite, a business software developer founded in 1990, initially hoped to self-publish the game. However, the company had partnered with publisher Strategic Simulations (SSI) by the time of "Alexander"s announcement. At that point, the game was set to include play-by-email (PBEM) support, and Herman explained his plan to apply artificial intelligence (AI) routines he had created originally for the United States Department of Defense. A summer 1995 release was planned.

title: GMT (TV programme)

text: GMT is a news programme airing weekdays on BBC World News, which premiered on 1 February 2010. The programme's main presenters are Lucy Hockings and Stephen Sackur, who are rotated depending on the edition (, original presenter George Alagiah is currently on leave from his anchor duties on "GMT"), with Tim Willcox serving as a primary relief presenter.

title: Progress M-10M

text: Progress M-10M undocked nominally at 9:04 GMT on 29 October 2011 from the Nadir port of the Pirs Docking Compartment after hooks open command at 9:01 GMT. An automated 15 seconds separation burn followed at 9:07 GMT. The cargo ship, loaded with trash, performed its 3-minute deorbit burn at 12:10:30 GMT. It entered the Earth's atmosphere at 12:48 PM GMT and burned up at 12:54 PM GMT. Surviving debris impacted in the Pacific Ocean at around 13:00 GMT.

title: Diving watch

text: There are some analog dive watches available with a GMT complication. GMT watches were designed for long-haul aircrew and other users who want to track time in different time zones. These watches have an additional GMT watch hand and in the case of diving watches can have a rotating bezel with 24-hours markings instead of minute markings used for reading of elapsed time. With the help of the GMT hand and a correctly adjusted 24-hours bezel the time in two different time zones can be easily read without having to perform arithmetic.

title: Time in France

text: In the summer of 1940, the German military authorities switched the occupied northern part of Metropolitan France to GMT+2 (German summer time), while the non-occupied southern part of Metropolitan France remained at GMT+1 (French summer time). The Vichy authorities kept GMT+1 (French summer time) during the winter of 1940–1941 and adopted GMT+2 (double summer time, which was the same as German summer time) in May 1941 in order to unify the railway timetables between occupied and non-occupied Metropolitan France. In 1942, 1943, and 1944 the whole of Metropolitan France thus used GMT+2 during the summer, and GMT+1 during the winter.

title: GM GMT platform

text: The first GMT K2XX vehicles were light-duty 2014 model year Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra full-size pickups. The 2015 Chevrolet Tahoe, Chevrolet Suburban, GMC Yukon, GMC Yukon XL, Cadillac Escalade, and Cadillac Escalade ESV full-size SUVs followed, then the 2015 Chevrolet Silverado HD and GMC Sierra HD. Concurrent with the switch from GMT 900 to GMT K2XX, the Chevrolet Avalanche and Cadillac Escalade EXT were no longer produced. Hybrid versions of the Silverado, Sierra, and full-size SUVs were also discontinued. However, fuel economy of GMT K2XX vehicles increased over the GMT 900 predecessors thanks to usage of new Generation V/EcoTec3 V8 engines with direct injection and weight savings from the use of more high-strength steel. Turbocharged and diesel engines for light-duty models are also under consideration for future GMT K2XX trucks and SUVs.

title: Paths of Glory (board game)

text: The game "Pursuit of Glory" by Brad Stock and Brian Stock, covering the First World War against the Ottoman Empire in greater detail, was published by GMT Games in 2008. Another spin-off game, "Illusions of Glory," covering the Italian, Eastern, and Balkan Fronts in more detail, was published by GMT Games in 2017.

title: GM GMT platform

text: Applications:The GMT 800 and similar GMT 880 was the basis for the 1999-2007 Chevrolet Silverado full-size pickup truck. The derived GMT 820 and GMT 830 was used in the Suburban, among other full-size SUVs. This is the successor to the GMT 400 series of C/K pickups and SUVs.

title: Mark Simonitch

text: Simonitch was raised in Ross, California. He studied at California Polytechnic State University. He began wargaming in 1966, his first gaming experiences included "Jutland" and "Gettysburg" by Avalon Hill. From 1991 to 1994 he was a freelance artist and created maps and counters for over 100 wargames with clients including "Strategy & Tactics", "Command Magazine", GMT Games, 3W, and Avalanche Games. During this period he also started Rhino Game Company (or Rhino Studios) and published three games. He moved to Baltimore, Maryland in spring 1995 where he was employed by Avalon Hill until 1997. He has worked at GMT Games from 1997 to the present as a Graphic Designer.

title: Dan Verssen

text:
Dan Verssen is an American wargame designer who in 2002 founded of Dan Verssen Games in Glendora, California. Verssen is credited as the designer of over 100 board games or game items.
His first game design Modern Naval Battles which was published by 3W Games in 1989 won several awards including the 1989 Charles S. Roberts Award for Best Post–World War Two or Modern Game. He started designing games while he was in high school. Verssen has also designed games for companies such as Avalon Hill, GMT Games, Decision Games, and Alderac Entertainment Group. His wife Holly is often the developer of his games.