query: When was the character Michelle Fowler's last episode of EastEnders?

title: Michelle Fowler

text: Michelle Fowler (also Holloway) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Susan Tully from the first episode in 1985 until the character's departure in 1995. In December 2016, it was announced Michelle would be returning to the show after 21 years, with actress Jenna Russell taking over the role making her first appearance on 24 December 2016.[1] In her first stint Michelle made some huge mistakes during her time in Albert Square mainly through having a habit of choosing the wrong men and her stubborn nature meant that she rarely accepted help or listened to good advice. Being determined and outspoken, she has never been afraid to defend herself or her beliefs. Since the recast to Russell in 2016, Michelle's storylines have revolved around her having had an illegal relationship with her student, Preston Cooper (Martin Anzor) in America, a love triangle involving her niece Bex Fowler (Jasmine Armfield), crashing Phil Mitchell car into the local chip shop and being stalked by Tom Bailey (Daniel Casey). Russell's departure from the show was announced in March 2018, and Michelle departed on 17 April 2018.[2]

title: List of EastEnders characters (1985)

text: Michelle Fowler (also Holloway), played by Susan Tully from 1985 to 1995 and Jenna Russell since 2016, is the daughter of Arthur Fowler (Bill Treacher) and Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard). Although she is one of the brighter people in Walford, that does not stop Michelle making some huge mistakes during her time in Albert Square. Michelle has a habit of choosing the wrong men and her stubborn nature means that she rarely accepts anyone's help or listens to good advice. She is tough, feisty, determined, outspoken and never afraid to defend herself or her beliefs. Early on in the series, the character of Michelle becomes central to the programme and is the focus of a controversial storyline involving her teenage pregnancy.[2] Press interest in the show escalated to "record levels" as journalists continuously tried to predict who had fathered Michelle's baby.[2] In whodunnit fashion, the audience had been kept in the dark as to the real identity of the father and were given teasers implicating several residents on The Square.[2] The audience finally discovered the culprit in episode 66 of the programme, October 1985. The episode was written by series co-creator/script editor Tony Holland and directed by co-creator/producer Julia Smith, and was considered to be a landmark episode in the show's history.[1] Four possible suspects are seen leaving the Square in the early half of the episode: Tony Carpenter (Oscar James), Ali Osman (Nejdet Salih), Andy O'Brien (Ross Davidson) and Den Watts (Leslie Grantham).[1] As Michelle waits by their rendezvous point a car pulls up and finally the fluffy white legs of Roly the poodle bound out of the car, and give it all away: Den Watts is the man meeting Michelle and it was he who had fathered her baby. The rest of the episode consists of just one long scene, where Den and Michelle discuss whether or not to keep the baby.[1] Up to that time it was the longest scene ever done in a soap-opera, lasting fifteen minutes.

title: Michelle Fowler

text: Michelle Fowler is one of the original 23 characters invented by the creators of EastEnders, Tony Holland and Julia Smith. Michelle is a member of the first family of EastEnders, the Beales and Fowlers, and Holland took the inspiration for some of the series' earliest characters from his own London family and background. Michelle's original character outline as written by Smith and Holland appeared in an abridged form in their book, EastEnders: The Inside Story.[3]

title: List of EastEnders characters (1985)

text: The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera EastEnders in 1985, by order of first appearance. They were all introduced by executive producer Julia Smith. The first episode of EastEnders was broadcast on 19 February 1985, and twenty-three main characters were already created for their first appearance. The first character to be seen was Den Watts, followed by Ali Osman and then Arthur Fowler, all of whom find Reg Cox dying in his flat. Ethel Skinner, Harold Legg and Pauline Fowler appear, after Den alerts them of Reg's death. With Ethel is her pug Willy along with Lou Beale. Saeed and Naima Jeffery are seen working in the local shop whilst Angie Watts is seen in The Queen Victoria, Walford's local pub. Nick Cotton and Sue Osman are next seen, whilst Pete and Kathy Beale work at the fruit and veg stall and Hassan Osman is seen with his parents in the café. Sharon Watts, Ian Beale and Michelle Fowler are next seen and Mark Fowler is seen going into the bookies. Lastly, Roly the dog is seen in the pub when a fight breaks out.

title: List of EastEnders characters (2017)

text: Preston Cooper, played by Martin Anzor, is a former student of Michelle Fowler's (Jenna Russell), with whom she had an illegal relationship with in Florida. He appears in 16 episodes between 14 February and 31 March 2017.

title: Alperton

text:
Stations in and near the area include:
The towpath of the Grand Union Canal in Alperton has been used for various scenes in the BBC TV soap EastEnders. It was first used in an episode which aired on 3 October 1985, when the character Den Watts (played by Leslie Grantham) meets with Michelle Fowler (played by Susan Tully) and it is revealed Den is the father of Michelle's baby. It was used again on numerous occasions, most famously on 23 February 1989, when Den Watts was shot before falling into the canal and supposedly dying. Den returned to the canal with daughter Sharon Watts on 3 October 2003, when he returned to Albert Square alive.

title: List of EastEnders characters (1985)

text: Lofty Holloway, played by Tom Watt, is one of the serial's original characters, making his first appearance in the third episode, 26 February 1985. Lofty is generally depicted as a meek, luckless and hapless victim. A long running storyline concerns his relationship with the character Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully). Their unhappy marriage finally disintegrates after Michelle has an abortion, and Lofty leaves Walford for a new start. The character's final appearance is in the episode first aired on 19 April 1988. Lofty was one of the original twenty-three characters invented by the creators of EastEnders, Tony Holland and Julia Smith. Both felt that to help complete the community there was a need for a character in his early twenties. He had to be someone a bit different. Not brash and confident like a lot of the older men, and not boisterous like the younger ones. A loner, maybe someone forced to be a loner. A person who "stuck out like a sore thumb". Someone that was happiest in a group but still could not find one that he fit in with. Tony Holland had previously been in the army and found that ex-soldiers had these problems when they tried to reintegrate as civilians. So they decided that Lofty would be an ex-soldier, forced to quit because of his asthma. He was happiest in the army and felt incomplete without the group setting, the all-male camaraderie and even the security of the uniformity that the army provides.[33]

title: EastEnders in popular culture

text: An episode of "Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps" entitled "War, Hurrgh!" contains references to Peggy and Grant Mitchell, Angie Watts and Pat Butcher. The episode also ended with the same theme music as "EastEnders". Another episode, "Speedycruise!" referred to Pauline and Martin Fowler, and the episode "Finger Sniffing" also refers to Peggy. Also, in the episode "When Janet Met Johnny", Donna sings the line "Don't stay in watching "EastEnders"." Also, in an episode of "Pulling", the character of Donna asks "Who am I going to tell when I have an idea for a new plotline in "EastEnders"?".

title: Susan Tully

text: At the age of 17, Tully secured a major role in the BBC's new soap opera "EastEnders". She played Michelle Fowler from the show's inception in 1985 to 1995. During her time on the show, her character became pregnant at the age of 16 after having an affair with the 39-year-old adulterer Den Watts. In December 2016, "EastEnders" recast the role of Michelle Fowler to actress Jenna Russell after Tully repeatedly turned down offers to return. The show's executive producer at the time, Sean O'Connor has said that Tully gave her blessing for the recast to take place.

title: Vicki Fowler

text: Vicki Fowler is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera "EastEnders", played by Emma Herry from the character's birth in 1986 to 1988, Samantha Leigh Martin from 1988 to 1995, and Scarlett Alice Johnson from 2003 to 2004. She is the daughter of Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully) and Den Watts (Leslie Grantham). The character is born in the serial, conceived in a controversial storyline about teenage pregnancy. Exploiting a whodunnit angle, at the time of the first showing, viewers were not initially told who was the father, and press interest in the fledgling show escalated as journalists attempted to guess. The audience finally discovered his identity in October 1985 in episode 66. Written by series co-creator/script-editor Tony Holland and directed by co-creator/producer Julia Smith, it was considered a landmark episode in the show's history. Early suspects were Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt) and Kelvin Carpenter (Paul J. Medford), but then four possible suspects are seen leaving the Square early in the episode: Tony Carpenter (Oscar James), Ali Osman (Nejdet Salih), Andy O'Brien (Ross Davidson), and Den Watts. As Michelle waits by their rendezvous point, a car pulls up and the fluffy white legs of the soap landlord's poodle Roly leap out of a car to give it all away: Den Watts is the father of Michelle's baby. After this storyline the programme started to appear in newspaper cartoons as it moved more and more into the public mainstream.

title: List of EastEnders characters (1992)

text: Shelley Lewis, played by Nicole Arumugam, is a college friend of Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully), and is first seen in November 1992. When Michelle's housemate, Rachel Kominski (Jacquetta May), leaves Walford early in 1993, Shelley moves in with Michelle and her daughter Vicki Fowler (Samantha Leigh Martin) at 55 Victoria Road. She later gets a job as a part-time barmaid in The Queen Victoria pub, and is often seen hanging around with her other student pals Rich and her on/off boyfriend Clem (Jason Yates), which causes problems with Michelle when are were caught smoking cannabis in front of Vicki.

title: EastEnders

text: From 20 February to 26 May 1995, as part of the programme's 10th Anniversary celebrations, episodes from 1985 were repeated each weekday morning at 10am, starting from episode one. Four specially selected episodes from 1985, 1986 and 1987 were also repeated on BBC1 on Friday evenings at 8pm under the banner "The Unforgettable EastEnders". These included the wedding of Michelle Fowler and Lofty Holloway, the revelation of the father of Michelle's baby, a two-hander between Dot Cotton and Ethel Skinner and the 1986 Christmas episode featuring Den Watts presenting Angie Watts with divorce papers.

title: Arthur Fowler

text: Arthur Fowler was one of the original twenty-three characters invented by the creators of "EastEnders", Tony Holland and Julia Smith. Arthur was a member of the first family of "EastEnders", the Beales and Fowlers, and Holland took the inspiration for some of the series' earliest characters from his own London family and background. Arthur's original character outline as written by Smith and Holland appeared in an abridged form in their book, "EastEnders: The Inside Story".

title: List of EastEnders characters (1990)

text: Kofi becomes friendly with Vicki Fowler (Samantha Leigh Martin) at a toddler group, and as a result of their friendship Clyde grows close to Vicki's mother, Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully).

title: Carmel Jackson

text: However, in 1986, a year after the soap had first aired, Jacob was recruited by Julia Smith and offered a part in the serial, the minor role of Carmel Roberts, a health visitor who tended to the character Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully) after the birth of her baby Vicki. In his book, "EastEnders: The First 10 Years", author and "EastEnders" scriptwriter Colin Brake has used Carmel as an example of the way minor characters can develop in "EastEnders": "Often a new character is introduced for a limited number of episodes, to serve a particular storyline or the story function. If the casting is good and the character 'works' on the screen, then the writers may be asked if there is potential in the character for further appearances." This occurred with the character of Carmel, and later in 1986 she was reintroduced as a regular character, moving to the soap's focal setting of Albert Square.

title: List of EastEnders characters (1996)

text: Betty is mentioned several times prior to her appearance; in 1986, Arthur, his wife Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard) and daughter Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully) tell Pauline's mother, Lou Beale (Anna Wing), that they are visiting Betty, when in reality they are searching for their missing son Mark Fowler (David Scarboro) in Southend-on-Sea. Later in the year, Arthur considers begging Betty for money towards Michelle's wedding to Lofty Holloway (Tom Watt); he does, but instead of money she sends Michelle a note about "what to expect of married life".

title: List of EastEnders characters (1985)

text: Ian Beale, played by Adam Woodyatt, is the longest-serving character and the only remaining original character to have appeared continuously since the first episode on 19 February 1985. The character appeared in his 2,000th episode in the show on 26 March 2007.[31] Ian Beale is one of the original twenty-three characters invented by the creators of EastEnders, Tony Holland and Julia Smith. Ian is a member of the first family of EastEnders, the Beales and Fowlers, and Holland took the inspiration for some of the series' earliest characters from his own London family and background. Ian's original character outline as written by Smith and Holland appeared in an abridged form in their book, EastEnders: The Inside Story.

title: Kelvin Carpenter

text:
In his final scene, Kelvin left the square without attending his leaving party. The real reason for this is because 'lot recordings' (scenes recorded on site in Albert Square) for each week's episodes normally occur two weeks before the studio recordings for the same episodes. When the leaving party was recorded in the studio, Paul Medford was already out of contract and had left the show.
Kelvin Carpenter has been described by author Hilary Kingsley as one of the most popular young characters in the show's early years. However, the way that "EastEnders" treated their black characters during the 1980s has been criticized by Robert Clyde Allen, author of the book "To be Continued--: Soap Operas Around the World". He has commented that "none of the black families [in "EastEnders"] rivaled the Fowler/Beale [family's] position at the heart of the programme's structure, and black characters were pushed to the margins of the storylines." The author goes on to say that although the character of Kelvin Carpenter mixed with characters such as Ian, Sharon and Michelle, "his personal life got little attention and he disappeared from the programme while the other young characters [were] able to grow up in it."

title: Lofty Holloway

text: George "Lofty" Holloway is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera "EastEnders", played by Tom Watt. Lofty is one of the serial's original characters, making his first appearance in the third episode, which was first broadcast on 26 February 1985. Lofty is generally depicted as a meek, luckless and hapless victim. A long-running storyline concerns his relationship with the character Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully). Lofty departed in the episode that was first broadcast on 19 April 1988. Watt's return to the soap for a single episode was announced in December 2018. He will return for the funeral of Doctor Legg (Leonard Fenton) in 2019.

title: EastEnders in popular culture

text: The character of Pauline Fowler was mentioned in the successful BBC drama "This Life" in 1997. In one episode of the show two key characters, Anna and Ferdy, watched an episode of "EastEnders" on television and mocked Pauline's hysterics and her well documented tendency to wear cardigans.

title: Mark Fowler

text: Mark Fowler was one of the original twenty-three characters invented by the creators of "EastEnders", Tony Holland and Julia Smith. Mark was a member of the first family of "EastEnders", the Beales and Fowlers, and Holland took the inspiration for some of the series' earliest characters from his own London family and background. Mark's original character outline as written by Smith and Holland appeared in an abridged form in their book, "EastEnders: The Inside Story".

title: List of EastEnders characters (2017)

text: Hope Fowler first appears in the episode broadcast on 16 October 2017. She is the daughter of Martin Fowler (James Bye) and Stacey Fowler (Lacey Turner).

title: Nina Wadia

text: Wadia first came to prominence in BBC sketch show "Goodness Gracious Me", playing characters such as Mrs "I can make it at home for nothing!" and one half of "The Competitive Mothers". She took over from her "Goodness Gracious Me" co-star, Meera Syal, in the role of Rupinder in the sitcom "All About Me" alongside Jasper Carrott and Natalia Kills. In 2007, Wadia was cast as Zainab Masood in the long-running BBC soap opera "EastEnders". Her last appearance as Zainab in "EastEnders" was on 8 February 2013. She also had a minor role in "EastEnders" in 1994, playing a nurse named Viv who treated Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully) when she was hospitalised with a gunshot wound. She also appears as Zainab in the 2010 spin-off "".

title: Pauline Fowler

text: The well-known character of Pauline Fowler has also been referenced in various television programmes, unrelated to the "EastEnders" universe. In 1997 she was mentioned in an episode of the successful BBC drama "This Life". Two key characters, Anna and Ferdy, watch an episode of "EastEnders" on television and mock Pauline's hysterics and her well-documented tendency to wear cardigans. The character was also regularly spoofed in the BBC comedy sketch show, "The Real McCoy" (1991–1995). One of the show's recurring sketches featured a spoof version of "EastEnders", with black comedians taking over roles of well known "EastEnders" characters, who frequent a pub called Rub-a-Dub. The comedian Llewella Gideon played the role of Pauline. The sketches placed considerable emphasis on the character's high-pitched voice and her tendency to whine. The character's fashion sense has also been referred to in BBC Two sitcom "Beautiful People" (2008).

title: List of EastEnders characters (1994)

text: Geoff Barnes is played by David Roper. Geoff is introduced as a love interest for the long running character, Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully), in 1994. He is much older than Michelle, and their age difference causes most of the major problems in their relationship. They plan to marry, but in the end Geoff realises that Michelle doesn't really love him. He ends the relationship and moves to Scotland in April 1995, but returns in September as part of Michelle's exit storyline. His last appearance is in October 1995.

title: EastEnders in popular culture

text: A sketch in a 1995 episode of "A Bit Of Fry And Laurie" is set in the Fowlers' kitchen, with Fry, Laurie, Imelda Staunton and Clive Mantle parodying the speech and mannerisms of the characters of Pauline Fowler and Pete Beale. The dramatic drums at the end of every episode were parodied by "SMTV Live" in a "Friends" spoof entitled "Chums". The name "EastEnders" is spoofed in a series of pornographic films called "RearEnders", which also spoof the "EastEnders" logo.

title: List of EastEnders two-hander episodes

text: This episode features Michelle Fowler (Jenna Russell) revealing to her best friend Sharon Mitchell (Letitia Dean) her reasons for returning to the United Kingdom after 20 years. Although their scenes are interspersed with scenes of Dot Branning (June Brown) at home waiting for her cat, and the episode credits 20 characters, it was officially considered a two-hander by BBC Store and was included in their ""EastEnders": Two's Company" collection of two-hander episodes.

title: List of EastEnders characters (2016)

text: Mark Fowler, played by Ned Porteous, is the son of Grant Mitchell (Ross Kemp) and Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully/Jenna Russell). He appears in 13 episodes between 11 August and 9 September 2016.

title: Michelle Fowler

text: Michelle went on to feature in controversial storylines such as her daughter's kidnapping, a shooting, and a brief liaison with her best friend's ex-husband and her own nemesis Grant Mitchell (Ross Kemp) — which left her pregnant. This heralded one of the soap's best-kept secrets as Grant never discovered that Michelle had his child. Michelle remained central to the programme for 10 years and became one of the most popular characters of her time. She was written out of it in 1995 when Tully decided to move on. Tully since took up directing, and directed several episodes of EastEnders.

title: Michelle Fowler

text: On 23 December 2016, a day before her return, it was reported that Michelle would be returning, but that the part had been recast to Jenna Russell.[7] Of her casting, Russell said: "It is a great honour to play such an iconic character. I know the audience loved Michelle Fowler so much, and even though she hasn't been on our screen for 20 years, she's very much in the fans' psyche. When I used to watch EastEnders all those years ago, she was one of my favourite characters. I'm extremely excited for what is in store for Michelle." Executive producer Sean O'Connor said he is "thrilled to have secured Jenna Russell to play Michelle Fowler, one of the show's most celebrated characters" and "the Square really has missed her over the past twenty years." O'Connor added, "Jenna was always in mind when I first started planning for Michelle's return". O'Connor also said Michelle is "still flawed, complicated and infuriating after two decades away, but still loveable all the same. It's going to be appointment TV watching Michelle's car crash of a life unravel all over again."[8]


query: How old was actress Chelsea Halfpenny when she joined the caste of Casualty?

title: Chelsea Halfpenny

text: Halfpenny's professional acting career began in 2004 when she appeared in Casualty episode "What Parents Do", playing an eleven-year-old girl called Karine.

title: Casualty (series 33)

text: The thirty-third series of the British medical drama television series "Casualty" began airing on BBC One in the United Kingdom on 11 August 2018, one week after the end of the previous series. The series will consist of 47 episodes. Lucy Raffety continues her role as series producer, while Simon Harper continues his role as the show's executive producer. Sixteen regular cast members reprised their roles from the previous series. The series, which is billed as "The Year of the Paramedic", began with a motorway collision stunt sequence. Charlotte Salt and Chelsea Halfpenny departed their roles as Sam Nicholls and Alicia Munroe during the series, while actors Gabriella Leon and Shaheen Jafargholi joined the cast as student nurses Jade Lovell and Marty Kirkby in episode 12 and 13 respectively.

title: Chelsea Halfpenny

text: In 2011 Halfpenny also featured on a DVD release by MWM Records, called Big River Big Songs. Halfpenny sang a solo of "I Still Love Him" and sang a duet, "The Shoe Makker" with fellow Emmerdale cast member Charlie Hardwick.[11][12]

title: Chelsea Halfpenny

text: Halfpenny joined the cast of BBC One medical drama, Casualty in early 2015. She plays Alicia Munroe, a year 1 foundation officer doctor. Halfpenny's first episode aired on 19 September 2015. Halfpenny had signed for eight episodes and departed the show on 14 November 2015. In May 2016, it was announced that Halfpenny would return to Casualty, with her return episode airing on 30 July 2016.[9] On 15 January 2019, it was confirmed that Halfpenny would be leaving Casualty after four years.[10]

title: Tracey Wilkinson

text: Tracey has also made appearances in the TV Show 'Outlander' that is shown on Starz. She portrays the Reverend Wakefield's housekeeper. In September 2016, Wilkinson appeared on "Casualty" as Jackie Munroe (married to Howard Munroe, portrayed by former on-screen husband James Gaddas who played Neil Grayling in Bad Girls), the mother of regular character Alicia Munroe (Chelsea Halfpenny).

title: Ashleigh Brewer

text: Ashleigh May Brewer (born 9 December 1990) is an Australian actress. She had a recurring role in "The Sleepover Club", before she joined the cast of "". Brewer played the role of Kate Ramsay in the long-running Australian soap opera "Neighbours" from 2009 until 2014. She portrayed Ivy Forrester on the CBS Daytime soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful" from 2014 to 2018. Later that same year, she joined the cast of "Home and Away" as Chelsea Campbell for six months.

title: Are You There, Chelsea?

text: Casting announcements began in January 2011. First to be cast was Laura Prepon, who plays the lead Chelsea Newman (originally named Chelsea Hanson in the early stages of production). Next to join the series was Angel Laketa Moore, who was cast as Shoniqua, the assistant manager of the sports bar where Chelsea works. Lauren Lapkus and Natalie Morales followed, with Lauren Lapkus playing Dee Dee, the bubbly woman whom Chelsea and Ivory live with, and Morales playing Ivory, Chelsea's long-time Filipino-American friend. Jo Koy later joined the series as Mark, a bartender where Chelsea works. Mark Povinelli then joined the show as Todd, a bar back at the sports bar where Chelsea works. Lenny Clarke was the last actor to be cast in the series, he plays Melvin, Chelsea's father, who is a big man with a big personality.

title: Alicia Munroe

text: Alicia will depart during the thirty-third series on 19 January 2019. Connie informs Alicia that she has been put forward for a paediatric job away from Holby. Halfpenny described the offer as "an amazing opportunity" for Alicia. After accepting the job, Alicia then receives a marriage proposal from Ethan, which leads her to question whether she wants to stay for "the comfort of Ethan and doing the job she knows and loves". Halfpenny explained that she told the show's producer Lucy Raffety about her decision to leave "Casualty" as she was due to film Alicia's rape storyline. They decided that Alicia would not leave straight after that story had concluded, as they did not want it to look like she was running away. Instead, viewers saw Alicia becoming happy again and returning to her old self. Halfpenny said filming her last episode was very emotional and she had to stop filming at one point as it was "too traumatic."

title: Alicia Munroe

text: Halfpenny had two auditions for the character and believed that because producers had an idea about the character, she did not have to attend several auditions. She auditioned for the show's casting director in her first audition. Halfpenny described her second audition as "overwhelming" and "so stressful". In her section audition, she screen-tested with Crystal Yu (who portrays Lily) and performed an operation on a mannequin which she said was hard. Halfpenny struggled with the 'operation' and was "squeamish" so the medical advisor and Yu assisted her. Halfpenny struggled to pronounce the medical terminology and was nervous when she had a single line in a scene in case she forgot it. Halfpenny also had to learn how to stitch for the role.

title: Jill Halfpenny

text: She was born to Maureen (née Mitchelson) and Colin Halfpenny, and has two elder sisters, Nicola and Paula; the latter is the mother of actress Chelsea Halfpenny, Jill's niece. Colin Halfpenny died in 1979, when Halfpenny was only four.

title: Characters of Casualty

text: Pauline "Polly" Emerson, portrayed by actress Sophia Di Martino from 2009 to 2011, is an ambulance technician. She's described by the BBC as: "a superhero; she wants to save the world. The only problem is Polly is young, idealistic and needs to learn that the world is a complicated place and not everyone wants to be healed." Di Martino had previously appeared in supporting roles in both "Casualty" and spin-off "Holby City". She auditioned three times for the part, and had to cease studying for her Masters degree in Applied Theatre when cast. She commented on her casting: "I feel very lucky to be joining such a long-running and well-established drama. I'm looking forward to Polly bursting onto screens, and hope viewers find her as much fun as I do." Series producer Oliver Kent added: "Sophia is a brilliant actress and we're very excited that she's joining us. We can't wait for the audience to see her - they're going to love her." Di Martino describes Polly as "very optimistic. She sees the best in everyone. She's fun, opinionated, brave and sometimes gets a little bit too close to her patients." After the suicide of homeless man Alistair MacCormack, who was infatuated with Polly, Polly was suspended while a full inquiry into his death was undertaken, after evidence given against her by Alistair's best friend, Abe, who believed that Polly should lose something that she really loved - her job - as revenge.

title: Chelsea Halfpenny

text: In the same year she booked a role as Lucy Summerbee in popular children's television series Byker Grove. Halfpenny secured the role after answering an advertisement in the Newcastle Evening Chronicle.[3] She remained with the show until 2006.

title: Sam Nicholls

text: On 30 September 2011, the BBC announced actress Charlotte Salt had joined the cast of "Casualty" as "ambitious army medic" Sam Nicholls. Her casting was announced alongside that of Oliver Coleman, who joined as paediatric doctor Tom Kent. Series producer at the time, Nikki Wilson, commented that the character would be exciting and intriguing when she made her debut in October. Salt was initially contracted for a year, and she admitted that joining a long-running drama felt "quite scary" to her. To prepare for the role, she spoke with some army medics, including one who had worked on helicopters in Afghanistan. Salt also had to train for the various stunts that Sam was a part of, but she found the medical jargon to be the toughest aspect of the role. She stated, "It wasn't easy getting my head around it all at the beginning but it does get easier with practise!"

title: Jill Halfpenny

text: From spring 2006, Halfpenny appeared in the BBC One series "Waterloo Road" as teacher Izzie Redpath, a role for which she won the "TV Quick" Award for Best Actress. The character was killed off at the end of the second series. In 2007 Halfpenny appeared as the narrator of "Freaky Eaters" for BBC Three and "Fat Man's Warning" for Channel 4. She narrated a short film advertising how the National Lottery helps the North East, created by students at the Lord Lawson of Beamish School as part of a competition. The film they created won the competition.

title: Natalie Morales (actress)

text: Morales appeared in Oliver Stone's 2010 film, "," a sequel to his 1987 film "Wall Street." She was cast as Chelsea Handler's best friend in "Are You There, Chelsea?" However, she left the series when the cast was replaced for creative reasons. Morales also appeared on Aaron Sorkin's HBO drama, "The Newsroom," guest-starring as Kaylee, the girlfriend of Dev Patel’s character, Neal. In 2013, Morales joined the cast of "Trophy Wife" as Meg, Kate's best friend. In 2015, she joined the cast of the Fox series "The Grinder." In 2017, she appeared in some episodes of the NBC series "Powerless." Morales appeared as Detective Anne Garcia in the Netflix series "Santa Clarita Diet." NBC has ordered "Abby's," a multi-camera sitcom created by Mike Schur and starring Morales, for the 2018 season.

title: Alicia Munroe

text: Alicia was previewed to viewers through a show trailer released on the show's official website on 15 July 2015. It featured a clip of Halfpenny wearing doctor's scrubs. Halfpenny confirmed her casting in August 2015 via "Twitter", expressing her delight at joining the series. She revealed her first episode would air on 19 September 2015.

title: Chelsea Halfpenny

text: She is the daughter of Newcastle DJ Paula Halfpenny and the niece of actress Jill Halfpenny.[17]

title: List of Emmerdale characters (2011)

text: Kyle Winchester (also Wyatt) made his first on screen appearance on 1 December 2011. He is the son of Amy Wyatt (Chelsea Halfpenny) and Cain Dingle (Jeff Hordley). Amy discovered she was pregnant following a one-night stand with Cain. When asked if Amy is shocked that she is pregnant, Halfpenny told "What's on TV" "Yes. She didn't ever imagine it would happen – especially not from just a one-night stand. And it couldn't have come at a worse time because she's fallen out with Val and Eric." Halfpenny explained Amy is scared by Cain's angry reaction to the news, as she thought he would be more sympathetic. Cain convinces Amy to have an abortion, but after seeing an ultrasound scan of the baby, Amy realises she wants to keep it. Of this, Halfpenny said "Because Amy hasn't had love in her life she doesn't want to do that to anybody else." Amy manages to keep her pregnancy a secret and she plans to give birth away from the village, but she goes into labour unexpectedly and gives birth in the local cemetery. Halfpenny filmed the labour scenes during four night shoots and she called them daunting as she wanted them to look realistic.

title: Chelsea Halfpenny

text: On 8 October 2010, Halfpenny made her first appearance on Yorkshire-based soap opera Emmerdale as runaway teenager Amy Wyatt, who became a regular character.[7] On 11 October 2013, Halfpenny confirmed that she was to leave Emmerdale. Her last episode was shown on 14 November 2013.

title: Laura Norton

text: Norton on 16 February 2013, also joined forces with a number of local campaigners opposing cuts to front-line services as a consequence of the funding cuts made by the coalition government. She was again joined by Chelsea Halfpenny, Charlie Hardwick and North East playwright Fiona Evans.

title: Amy Wyatt

text: Following Halfpenny's departure from "Casualty" in January 2019, speculation began that she would reprise her role as Amy. However, Halfpenny stated that she would not be returning to "Emmerdale", as she wanted to do other things with her career. On 21 January, Jess Less of "Digital Spy" confirmed the character of Amy would be returning to the show, but with Natalie Ann Jamieson in the role. Of her casting, Jamieson said "I feel very lucky to be joining the cast of such a loved and respected show. I'm very grateful for this opportunity, and can't wait to find out what the future holds for Amy!" Halfpenny later gave her approval to Jamieson taking over her role.

title: Alicia Munroe

text: Halfpenny had previously appeared on the show as a patient, Karine, in the series eighteen episode "What Parents Do". Derek Thompson, who plays Charlie Fairhead, remembered Halfpenny from her guest appearance because of her "unusual" surname. Halfpenny recalled her guest appearance and praised the cast then and upon her return. She added that she found it easy to make friends within the cast. The character was introduced during the series thirty episode "Cradle to Grave", broadcast on 19 September 2015.

title: Chelsea Halfpenny

text: Chelsea Halfpenny (born 26 September 1991) is an English actress, best known for her role in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale, as Amy Wyatt and as Alicia Munroe in BBC medical drama Casualty.

title: Alicia Munroe

text:
On Bea's first day in the ED, the department faces a crisis, which Alicia and other staff struggle to control. Alicia is assigned to be Bea's mentor. Reilly ("What's on TV") revealed that Alicia would face the consequences of Bea's actions after her behaviour becomes unacceptable. During the day, Alicia treats Kam Kainth (Gary Wood) in an ambulance due to a lack of space in the ED. Not being treated in the ED results in Kam being admitted to the Intensive Treatment Unit. On Alicia's feelings towards this, Halfpenny said, "That was the straw that broke the camel's back because Alicia knew it was avoidable." She told Sarah Ellis of "Inside Soap" that she liked that "Casualty" could display what happens in British hospitals. When Halfpenny read the episode's script, she noticed something different about it in comparison to other episodes. She found this was more prominent when filming the episode. For the ED to appear busier, Fiona Walton, the episode's director, included more background artists in the scene. Halfpenny felt that the set was smaller with additional people on-set, but found the experience "fun" and commented, "It keeps you on your toes!" Walton wanted to accurately portray the NHS, which Halfpenny thought was "really important".
Disillusioned with the NHS, Alicia creates an anonymous blog called "Rage in Resus", which outlines the struggles that the emergency department are facing. Halfpenny explained that Alicia finds the blog "important" and believes it is about more than the ED; it is about the NHS. The blog receives a lot of attention from hospital staff and the public, while also upsetting some people. Halfpenny stated that this was never Alicia's goal when she created the blog. As the acting clinical lead of the ED, Ethan is pressurised from his superiors to find out the bloggers' identity. The pressure becomes too much for Ethan and he confides in Alicia about the situation, making Alicia feel guilty about her role in the situation. While comforting him, Alicia and Ethan kiss. Halfpenny said that Alicia believes that Ethan will never know that she is the creator of the blog. The actress hoped that fans of the couple would be pleased by their reconciliation, although she admitted that the weather was cold and windy when they filmed the scenes, which she disliked. After Alicia and Ethan have sex, she hopes that he will share details about the management of the ED with her. Alicia is "fuming" when Ethan warns her that at work, he is her boss and she is under his instruction.

title: Casualty (series 30)

text: The thirtieth series of the British medical drama television series "Casualty" commenced airing on BBC One in the United Kingdom on 29 August 2015, and concluded on 30 July 2016. The series consisted of 43 episodes, including the broadcast of the show's 1000th episode on 25 June 2016. Erika Hossington continued her role as series producer, while Oliver Kent continued his role as the show's executive producer. Seventeen cast members reprised their roles from the previous series with five actors, including three long-serving cast members, departing during this series. Chelsea Halfpenny appeared in the serial between September and November 2015 as F2 Alicia Munroe, reprising the role as a main cast member in July 2016. Alistair Brammer joined the cast for a four-month guest stint as receptionist Jack Diamond in December 2015. Three new regular cast members joined the serial in spring 2016: Lloyd Everitt as paramedic Jez Andrews; Jason Durr as staff nurse David Hide; and Jaye Griffiths as consultant Elle Gardner.

title: Characters of Casualty

text: Alicia Munroe, played by Chelsea Halfpenny, is a junior doctor who first appeared in the series 30 episode "Cradle to Grave", broadcast on 19 September 2015. Alicia is undergoing her second year of the Foundation Programme, specialising in emergency medicine. Alicia is billed as "bright and bubbly" and Halfpenny said that "she's got blonde and pink hair, so people expect her to be a bit ditzy, but she's not." The show highlighted the issue of workplace bullying when Alicia began facing constant criticism from her mentor, Lily Chao (Crystal Yu). The character departed the show after appearing in eight episodes in the series 30 episode "Avoidable Harm", broadcast on 14 November 2015. It was announced on 18 May 2016 that Halfpenny had reprised her role and would return to the series. Halfpenny said she was "so excited and humbled" to be reintroduced into the main cast.

title: Denise Black

text: On 20 June 2013 it was announced that Black would be joining the cast of "Emmerdale" as Joanie Wright, the adoptive grandmother of Amy Wyatt's (Chelsea Halfpenny) son Kyle whom she gave away shortly after he was born. Black made her first appearance in the soap on 12 August 2013, before departing on 14 November 2013. She reprised the role on 17 June 2015 as a regular cast member, before Black departed again permanently on 30 January 2017, when her character was killed off from a cardiac arrest after being released from a short-stint in prison.

title: Episode 1094

text: All the interior scenes of the ambulance flipping and being hit were filmed on a gimbal that was fitted to the ambulance. Halfpenny and Hill were involved in these scenes, with Halfpenny strapped to a bed in the ambulance. When the ambulance was on its side, Halfpenny hung from the bed, which she and Hill found amusing. The show's crew had to regularly check that the actresses were fine and that neither had whiplash.

title: Chelsea Halfpenny

text: Halfpenny attended St Augustine's Primary School in Leam Lane, Gateshead and then went on to attend St Edmund Campion School in Wrekenton,[1] both of which her aunt, actress Jill Halfpenny, attended. She also attended Saturday fame school classes at the Reavley Theatre School, Gateshead.[2] Halfpenny also lived on the Leam Lane Estate, Gateshead.[3]

title: Chelsea Halfpenny

text: After leaving Byker Grove in 2006, Halfpenny continued to work in the North East. She featured in a small independent project for Sham Films, called Cherry Pop.[4]


query: When was the Russian Empire started?

title: Russian Empire

text: The Russian Empire,[lower-alpha 5] also known as Imperial Russia[lower-alpha 6] or simply Russia,[lower-alpha 7] was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.[4]

title: Caliphate

text: According to Barthold, the first time the title of "caliph" was used as a political instead of symbolic religious title by the Ottomans was the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca with the Russian Empire in 1774, when the Empire retained moral authority on territory whose sovereignty was ceded to the Russian Empire.

title: Transcaucasus Railway

text: The railway started in 1865 at the port town of Poti on the Black Sea. The railway reached Zestafoni in 1871 and T'bilisi in 1872. The contractor for this part of the line was Messrs G.B. Crawley and Co.; the resident engineer was Edward Preston, C.E. who had previously been at work in North Wales. This may account for the interest shown by this railway in Welsh mountain railways and narrow-gauge steam locomotives running on the north Wales Festiniog Railway. A branch line was built to Kutaisi, branching from Brotseula, in 1877. In 1883 the railway was completed to Baku. Once the railway was completed to Baku, freight trains carrying oil went from Baku to Poti to be shipped to other cities in Russia via the Black Sea. During the Russian-Ottoman war from 1877–1878, the Russian Empire gained territory into Anatolia from the Ottoman Empire after defeating them during the Battle of Kars. This new territory included the fortress city of Kars. In 1887 a branch line was built to Tkibuli. In 1894 a branch line, splitting of at Khashuri, was built to Borjomi. Kars was a strategic city for the Russians in Anatolia, so in 1899 the railway built a branch line from T'blisi to Kars. The Transcaucasus Railway was connected to the rest of the Russian system in 1900, when the line from Baku to Makhachkala was completed. In 1902, a narrow gauge railway from Borjomi to Bakuriani was built to serve the skiing community in the region. In 1913 the railway was extended from Kars to Sarıkamış; the border of the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire at the time. When World War I broke out in 1914, the Russian Empire sided with the Allied powers while the Ottoman Empire sided with the Central Powers making the two empires enemies. After the Erzerum Offensive, Russia gained control city of Erzurum. To support campaigns further into Ottoman territory, a narrow gauge (750mm) railway was built from Sarıkamış to Erzurum in 1916 and later into Yeniköy during the same year. Russia had to stop fighting in the war because of the Russian revolution of 1917, that lead to the dissolution of the Russian Empire.

title: Foreign policy of the Russian Empire

text: Russian diplomatic and military interests subsequently re-focussed on Central Asia, where Russia had quelled a series of uprisings in the 1870s, and Russia incorporated hitherto independent emirates into the empire. Britain renewed its concerns in 1881 when Russian troops occupied Turkmen lands on the Persian and Afghan borders, but Germany lent diplomatic support to Russian advances, and an Anglo-Russian war was averted.

title: Empire of Japan–Russian Empire relations

text: In 1902 Japan and the British Empire forged the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, which would last until 1923. The purpose of this alliance was to contain the Russian Empire in East Asia. In response to this alliance, Russia formed a similar alliance with France and began to renege on agreements to reduce troop strength in Manchuria. From Russian perspective, it seemed inconceivable that Japan, a non-European power which was considered to be undeveloped (i.e. not-industrial), and almost bereft of natural resources, would challenge the Russian Empire. This view would change when Japan started and won the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05).

title: Russians in Finland

text: The first migratory wave of Russians began in the early 18th century, when Finland was part of the Swedish Empire. About 40,000 Russian soldiers, civilian workers, and about 600 businessmen moved to the Grand Duchy of Finland, which became part of the Russian Empire in 1809. When Finland became independent in 1917, many soldiers returned to Russia. Many businessmen stayed, including the Sinebrychoff family. During the Russian Revolution many aristocrats and officers fled to Finland as refugees. The biggest refugee wave was in 1922 when about 33,500 people came to Finland. Many of them had Nansen passports for many years. During the Kronstadt Rebellion about 1,600 officers fled to Finland. Russian citizens who moved in these three waves are called "Old Russians", whose 3–5,000 descendants live in Finland today.

title: Belarusian history in the Russian Empire

text: The 1860s marked a turning point of Belarus in the Russian Empire. The emancipation of the serfs in 1861, followed by the January Uprising fully left the Polish influence on Belarus behind. A number of authors started publishing in the Belarusian language, including Jan Czeczot, Władysław Syrokomla and Konstanty Kalinowski. What followed was the Industrial Revolution under Alexander III and with it the arrival of the railways Peasants sought a better lot in growing industrial centres in Belarus and a further 1.5 million people leaving to other parts of the Empire in the half-century preceding the Russian Revolution of 1917.

title: Allahuekber Mountains

text: In 1914 when World War I began, it was astride the border of the Ottoman Empire with Russian Empire. Turkish troops suffered a disaster during the Battle of Sarikamish when, ordered to recapture the Kars area, which was then part of Russian Empire. Thousands of Turkish soldiers died of hypothermia in the winter snow of the Allahuekber Mountains.

title: Furqat

text: Furqat, like may other writers of the tsarist colonial period, was forced to praise the Russian Empire and its culture in his work. When he started to write poems that were critical of the cruelty of Russian rule, he was exiled to Chinese Turkestan.

title: Uchar-hadji

text: In the summer of 1825, during the Caucasian War two Russian promising generals Grekov and Lisanevich gathered more than 300 elderman of the formally subject to Russian Empire Kumyk village of Aksay, in the fortress of Gerzel-Aul. The aim was to impose penalties for the Aksay Kumyks' support to Chechen rebels, and Yermolov's intention was also to force Aksay people to stop any relations with Chechens. When eldermen were gathered Russian generals started insulting them, in return Uchar-haji stabbed both generals with his dagger. Fierce melee started immediately and ended with all Kumyks dead. In retribution, Aksay was destroyed by Russian forces and it was forbidden for the Kumyks to ever resettle on their lands again.

title: List of Estonian bandy champions

text: The list of Estonian bandy champions starts as early as in 1916, when Estonias was a province in the Russian Empire, where bandy already was a popular sport. Just some years later, following the Russian revolution, Estonia became independent. The championship was held semi-regularly until 1953, from 1941 for the then Estonian SSR.

title: Yishan (official)

text: During the Second Opium War (1857–1860), Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky approached Yishan and offered to provide Russian assistance to the Qing Empire against the British and French, in return for redefining the Sino–Russian border along the Amur and Ussuri rivers. The Russians also put up a display of their military power by firing artillery shells along the Amur River. Yishan was terrified, but did not want to retaliate for fear of starting another war. In May 1858, the Russian and Qing Empires signed the Treaty of Aigun, which transferred the lands between the Stanovoy Range and Amur River to the Russian Empire. In 1860, the Russians intervened in the Convention of Beijing (which ended the Second Opium War), and forced the Qing Empire to further cede its territories east of the Ussuri River, including Sakhalin, to them. The Xianfeng Emperor was enraged by the territorial losses to the Russians, so he dismissed Yishan from his office as General of Heilongjiang, despite the latter's attempts to explain himself. Yishan returned to Beijing to await further orders, but was soon back into service.

title: Coat of arms of Riga

text: After the Northern War, when Riga was under the control of the Russian Empire, the Russian Tsarina Catherine II approved the coat of arms of Riga in 4 October 1788. The shield holders of the lions were replaced by the symbol of the Russian Empire - the two-headed eagle's, and the crown of the Monarch of Sweden with the Russian imperial crown.

title: Eastern Orthodoxy in Uzbekistan

text: Russian Orthodox Church in Uzbekistan started to form during the 19th century, when entire region was ruled by the Russian Empire. First Eastern Orthodox ecclesiastical structures were formed before Russian Revolution (1917), but during the Soviet era religious life was mainly suppressed. Today, Russian Orthodox Church in Uzbekistan falls within the jurisdiction of Russian Orthodox Eparchy of Tashkent and Central Asia, which is headed by an archbishop. As of May 15, 2008, the Russian Orthodox Church in Uzbekistan is one of the officially registered Christian denominations in the country.

text: The Belarusian history within the Russian Empire is associated with the History of Belarus from the Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to the October Revolution when the present-day Belarus' lands were made part of the Russian Empire.

title: Ivan Okhlobystin

text: Appearing in RTVi's (Echo Moskvy's) " Without Fools" broadcast on 2 December 2012, Okhlobystin declared himself to be a "national-patriot" and claimed to "know" that "in the year when the head of State and the head of Church in Russia will both die", he will become the next President of the new Russian Empire. Saying "the Russian people will vote for me, and the Russian Church will anoint me," he stated that he would immediately put up a new Iron Wall around Russia and start a campaign of "cleansing" in order to "rebuild the Russian nation."

title: Russo-Circassian War

text: The Russo-Circassian War (1763–1864) involved a series of battles and wars in Circassia, the northwestern part of the Caucasus, in the course of the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus. Fighting lasted approximately 101 years, starting in the reign of Empress Catherine the Great and finishing in 1864. Although the Russian conquest of the Caucasus started at least as early as the Russo-Persian Wars, the term Caucasian War commonly refers only to the period 1817–1864. Those who use the term Russian–Circassian War take its starting date as 1763, when the Russians began establishing forts, including at Mozdok, to be used as springboards for conquest.

title: Pavel Zasodimsky

text:
Pavel Vladimirovich Zasodimsky (, born 13 November 1834, Veliky Ustyug, Vologda Governorate. Russian Empire, — died 17 May 1912, Opechensky Posad, Novgorod Governorate, Russian Empire) was a Russian writer, close to the Narodnik movement and Narodnaya Volya group. He was also known under his pen name Vologdin (Вологдин).
Writing mostly about the life of Russian lower classes, Zasodimsky contributed regularly to the leading Russian magazines, including "Delo" (where he started out in 1868), "Otechestvennye Zapiski" ("The Chronicles of the Smurin Village", published there in 1874, was lauded by critics), and "Russkoye Bogatstvo", which he became the member of the staff in 1880, the year when his another well-known novel, "The Steppe Mysteries" appeared in it. Several of his novellas were published by "Nablyudatel", numerous essays and sketches appeared in "Severny Vestnik", "Novoye Vremya", "Siyaniye" and "Russkaya Zhizn".

title: Türkmenabat

text: When the Russian Empire started annexing Central Asian Turkestan, Āmul was surrendered to Russians by the Bukhara emirate, who later herself would entirely become a vassal of Russia and pledge allegiance to the Russian emperor. The modern city was founded in 1886, when Cossack Russians settled in Uralka in what is now the eastern part of Türkmenabat, naming their settlement "New-Chardjuy". The settlement here was necessary to complete the construction of the Trans-Caspian railway.

title: Slavs

text: As of the end of 1878, there were only four Slavic states in the world: the Russian Empire, Principality of Serbia, Principality of Montenegro and the Principality of Bulgaria. In the entire Austro-Hungarian Empire of approximately 50 million people, about 23 million were Slavs. The Slavic peoples who were, for the most part, denied a voice in the affairs of the Austria-Hungary, were calling for national self-determination. Because of the vastness and diversity of the territory occupied by Slavic people, there were several centers of Slavic consolidation. In the 19th century, Pan-Slavism developed as a movement among intellectuals, scholars, and poets, but it rarely influenced practical politics and did not find support in some Slavic nations. Pan-Slavism became compromised when the Russian Empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests in Central Europe as well as subjugation of other Slavic ethnic groups such as Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians, and the ideology became associated with Russian imperialism.

title: China–Kazakhstan relations

text: The origins of the border line between China and Kazakhstan date from the mid-19th century, when the Russian empire was able to establish its control over the Lake Zaysan region. The establishment of the border between the Russian Empire and the Qing Empire, not too different from today's Sino-Kazakh border was provided for in the Convention of Peking of 1860; the actual border line pursuant to the convention was drawn by the Protocol of Chuguchak (1864), leaving Lake Zaysan on the Russian side. The Qing Empire's military presence in the Irtysh basin crumbled during the Dungan revolt (1862–77). After the fall of the rebellion and the reconquest of Xinjiang by Zuo Zongtang, the border between the Russian and the Qing empires in the Irtysh basin was further slightly readjusted, in Russia's favor, by the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881).

title: World War I

text: The Central Asian Revolt started in the summer of 1916, when the Russian Empire government ended its exemption of Muslims from military service.

title: Irène Némirovsky

text: Her family fled the Russian Empire at the start of the Russian Revolution in 1917, spending a year in Finland in 1918 and then settling in Paris, where Némirovsky attended the Sorbonne and began writing when she was 18 years old.

title: Catherine the Great

text: In her accession to power and her rule of the empire, Catherine often relied on her noble favourites, most notably Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin. Assisted by highly successful generals such as Alexander Suvorov and Pyotr Rumyantsev, and admirals such as Fyodor Ushakov, she governed at a time when the Russian Empire was expanding rapidly by conquest and diplomacy. In the south, the Crimean Khanate was crushed following victories over the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish wars, and Russia colonised the territories of Novorossiya along the coasts of the Black and Azov Seas. In the west, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, ruled by Catherine's former lover, king Stanisław August Poniatowski, was eventually partitioned, with the Russian Empire gaining the largest share. In the east, Russia started to colonise Alaska, establishing Russian America.

title: Kurds in Russia

text:
During the early 19th century, the main goal of the Russian Empire was to ensure the neutrality of the Kurds in the wars against Persia and the Ottoman Empire. In the beginning of the 19th century, Kurds settled in Transcaucasia, at a time when Transcaucasia was incorporated into the Russian Empire. In the 20th century, Kurds were persecuted and exterminated by the Turks and Persians, a situation that led Kurds to move to Russian Transcaucasia.
From 1804–1813 and again in 1826–1828, when the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire were at war, the Russian authorities let Kurds settle in Russia and Armenia. During the Crimean War and the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Kurds moved to Russia and Armenia. According to the Russian Census of 1897, 99,900 Kurds lived in the Russian Empire.

title: History of Poland during World War I

text: When World War I started, Polish territory was split during the partitions between Austria-Hungary, the German Empire and the Russian Empire, and became the scene of many operations of the Eastern Front of World War I.

title: Tampere

text: Tampere is also home to one of the last museums in the world dedicated to Vladimir Lenin. The museum is housed in the Tampere Workers' Hall where during a subsequent Bolshevik conference in the city, Lenin met Joseph Stalin for the first time. Lenin moved to Tampere in August 1905 but eventually fled Tampere (for Sweden) in November 1907 when being pursued by the Russian Okhrana. Lenin would not return to any part of the Russian Empire until ten years later, when he heard of the start of the Russian Revolution of 1917.

title: Ukrainians in Russia

text: The first Russian Empire Census, conducted in 1897 gave statistics regarding language use in the Russian Empire according to the administrative borders. Extensive use of Little Russian (and in some cases dominance) was noted in the nine south-western Governorates and the Kuban Oblast. When the future borders of the Ukrainian state were marked, the results of the census were taken into consideration. As a result, the ethnographic borders of Ukraine in the 20th century were twice as large as the Cossack Hetmanate that was incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 17th.

title: Bats people

text: 'In the scientific literature, especially in the Soviet Russian ethnographic science great attention was paid to the marriage facts of people of different languages. Russians were greatly interested in russification of the people living in the Russian empire to make them speak Russian. In the Soviet Russian ethnographic literature (I. Bromlei and others) it is emphasized that the problems rise in the languages of small groups when the percentage of their daughters-in-law of different languages exceeds 15-20%. In this case, the language gradually faces the danger. In such families the children do not speak their fathers’ languages (especially when there do not live grandmother and grandfather in the family). The children start speaking their mothers’ language from the very beginning and speak it afterwards.

text: Tsar Alexander I of Russia had started a worldwide Russian representation mission under the lead of Adam Johann von Krusenstern (Russian: Крузенштерн). With Japan in mind, Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov was appointed to the mission. He was the founder of Russian–Siberian trade in fur and the ideal man to convince the Japanese.

title: Mihail Kogălniceanu

text: In the end, the Russian declaration of war came as a surprise to both Carol and Kogălniceanu, who had not been informed of the exact date (April 23) when the Imperial Russian Army would start moving into Moldavia—hence, Romanians tended to regard it as an invasion. Also alarming for Kogălniceanu, the official Russian proclamation addressed Romanians as protegés of the Empire. Bilateral tensions were somewhat alleviated by Russian apologies and, later, by the Ottoman pledge to annex Romania; addressing a discontented Parliament, Kogălniceanu asserted that the Russian road was the country's only choice.


query: How old was Terry Southern at his death?

title: Terry Southern

text: Terry Southern (May 1, 1924 – October 29, 1995) was an American novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and university lecturer, noted for his distinctive satirical style. Part of the Paris postwar literary movement in the 1950s and a companion to Beat writers in Greenwich Village, Southern was also at the center of Swinging London in the 1960s and helped to change the style and substance of American films in the 1970s. He briefly wrote for Saturday Night Live in the 1980s.

title: Fatal Fury 2: The New Battle

text: The next day, Terry and Tony arrive at Stroheim Castle and Terry takes on Krauser. The battle is fierce, with the fighters destroying everything that surrounds them. Terry wins with the Power Geyser, which makes Krauser bleed internally. Shamed by his defeat, Krauser throws himself from a damaged wall to his death. Geese greets the news of his death with laughter. Tony and Terry part at a train station. Tony promises Terry that someday he will be a great martial artist just like him and receives his cap.

title: Terry Fuckwitt

text: The strip also features extremely bizarre occurrences. One cartoon played on the use of perspective in art, with Terry forgetting to grow larger as he moved from the background into the foreground. One other cartoon had Terry's father telling Terry to get out of his sight, warning his son that should he see him again that day, he would kick his face in. Although Terry attempts to keep out of sight, Terry's father sees him on TV and subsequently kicks him in the face through the television. How this was achieved and how the two characters were able to talk to one another is not explained.

title: Jim Jones

text: Lew and Agnes Jones both died at Jonestown. Agnes Jones was thirty-five years old at the time of her death. Her husband and four children all died at Jonestown. Lew Jones, who was twenty-one years old at the time of his death, died alongside his wife Terry and son Chaeoke. Stephanie Jones had died at age five in a car accident in May 1959.

title: Don Howe

text: Not long afterward he returned to his old club, West Bromwich Albion, as manager. Howe's tenure at WBA was not a success, as the club were relegated to Division Two in 1973. Howe then joined Leeds United as a coach, later becoming assistant manager under Jimmy Armfield, before moving on to manage Turkish club Galatasaray in 1975. Howe rejoined Arsenal in 1977 as head coach, under Terry Neill.

title: Terry Bogard

text: Sites have commented on Terry's gameplay moves. Gaming Age writer Jeff Keely criticized how overpowered Terry became in "The King of Fighters '99" due to his new special moves. Nevertheless, Prima Games listed his "Burn Knuckle" due to how Terry dashes towards his enemies in the process. Terry was given a move known as the "Buster Wolf" which was listed one of the best techniques in fighting games by Arcade Sushi not only because of the impact but because before landing the attack, the character ironically says "Are you okay?" Polygon recommended to newcomers of "The King of Fighters XIV" to try Terry's movesets, despite some difficulties with mastering certain moves.

title: Terry-Thomas

text: From the early 1960s Terry-Thomas began appearing in American films, coarsening his already unsubtle screen character in films such as "Bachelor Flat", "It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World" and "How to Murder Your Wife". From the mid-1960s he frequently starred in European films, in roles such as Sir Reginald in the successful French film "La Grande Vadrouille". In 1971 Terry-Thomas was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, which slowly brought his career to a conclusion: his last film role was in 1980. He spent much of his fortune on medical treatment and, shortly before his death, was living in poverty, existing on charity from the Actors' Benevolent Fund. A charity gala was held in his honour, which raised sufficient funds for him to live his remaining time in a nursing home.

title: Terry Wogan

text: As his radio show was considered to attract older listeners, Wogan jokingly referred to his fans as "TOGs", standing for "Terry's Old Geezers" or "Terry's Old Gals", whilst "TYGs" were "Terry's Young Geezers/Gals", who he joked were forced to listen to him because of their parents' choice of radio station. Wogan was referred to as "The Togmeister" on his own programme by himself and members of his production team, and he referred to the podcast of his show as a 'togcast'.

title: Terry Wiles

text: Terry and his wife continue to live in New Zealand, where Terry counselled others with disabilities. In 1997 Channel 4 filmed Terry and Robyn in New Zealand for a documentary entitled "Fight For Love", in which they discussed how they met, and how they had to fight their families and the views of society in order to be together.

title: Batman (Terry McGinnis)

text: Terry values his mother, Mary McGinnis, and his younger brother, Matt, as the closest family he has left. At the time of his death, Warren McGinnis was divorced from his wife and their sons split between them: Terry with his father, Matt with his mother. After the divorce, Terry's relationship with his father is shown in the episode "Rebirth" to be strained. The last time they spoke Terry and his father have a heated argument, something Terry is never completely able to forgive himself for. Like Thomas Wayne, Warren's death inspired Terry to fight crime as the Batman. After Warren's death, Terry moves back in with his mother and brother.

title: Terry-Thomas

text: By 1983, with his medical bills at £40,000 a year, Terry-Thomas's financial resources were dwindling. He and his wife sold their dream house and moved into the small cottage once owned by his former wife Pat Patlanski, which she left to him in her will on her death in June that year. Shortly afterwards he worked with ghostwriter Terry Daum on an autobiography, "Terry-Thomas Tells Tales". Although the first draft was completed by late summer 1984, Terry-Thomas refused to release the manuscript and continued to make alterations, but never completed his copyediting: the book was finally published after his death.

title: Batman Beyond (comics)

text: This story takes place a year before the current events and explains what led Terry and Bruce to split up. After fending off the Jokerz, Batman and Vigilante go their separate ways. During the fight, Vigilante's blood was spilled on the scene and collected by the police, who identify him as Jake Chill. While looking for Jokerz in his apartment, Jake is attacked by the Phantasm, who demands his death for the murder of Warren McGinnis. Batman manages to arrive just as Phantasm escapes and leaves behind a gas. After Jake tells Terry his role in Warren's death, Batman starts ruthlessly beating up Jake and is only stopped by Bruce's intervention. When Terry returns to the Batcave, Bruce tells him that he inhaled some of Andrea's fear toxin and started acting irrationally. Terry asks Bruce if he knew about Jake, but Bruce denies ever knowing him before the fight. Terry suspects he's lying given how Jake worked at Wayne Enterprises and was related to the killer of Bruce's parents, Joe Chill.

title: Gail Gilmore

text: After finishing on the set of "The Loved One" (1965), Gilmore met writer Terry Southern. Subsequently the couple left Hollywood in 1966 and lived together in New York City then Connecticut. She remained Southern's companion until his death in 1995.

title: Fictional characters in the Southern Victory Series

text: In early 1943, Cassius told his father that he would not be attending church one Sunday, which meant that he escaped a cleanout of the Terry which took his father, mother, and sister to Camp Determination in Texas and their eventual deaths. For a time after leaving the Terry, Cassius looked for whatever work he could find, eventually joining a resistance group led by Gracchus.

title: Daniel Terry

text: Scott consulted Terry on literary questions, especially on plays, and seems to have trusted him with the "Doom of Devorgoil", with a view to adapting it for the stage. How many of the numerous stage adaptations of Scott that saw the light between the appearance of "Waverley" and the death of the actor are by Terry cannot be said, many of them being anonymous and unprinted. Terry was almost as well known in Edinburgh as in London, and Scott thought highly of his acting. Terry's idolatry of Scott led him to imitate both his manner and his calligraphy. He also took off Scott’s speech, so as almost to pass for a Scotsman. Scott lent him money for his theatrical speculations, and gave him advice.

title: Barbara Gordon in other media

text: Barbara Gordon appears in "Batman Beyond". No longer the dashing beautiful vigilante she was in her youth, this version is a grim, bitter old woman that is the Police Commissioner. Her history is also a little revised: she and Bruce Wayne developed a romantic relationship at one point, after Dick Grayson had left, stating that "on the streets it was like ballet" but that "eventually it gets old" and she left him, later thinking "[she doesn't] hate him. [She hates] what he's become. Such a great man - so alone.". Despite that she and Bruce are no longer together, she does care about him and wishes for him to be happy. She resents Wayne dragging Terry McGinnis as she believes he did with all his partners. Unlike her father, she states that vigilante justice "went out with the tommy gun" and insists Terry to give up. However, she develops respect for the new Batman when he assists her in defending her husband Gotham District Attorney Sam Young from assassin Curaré. While she never officially endorses or helps him (as she never uses a Bat-Signal), she no longer threatens to turn him in and continually looks the other way, acknowledging his assistance in some cases even if she never asks for it. On one occasion, she was prepared to arrest Terry when she apparently witnessed the second Batman murder criminal bomber Mad Stan despite the fact that his arrest would compromise her and Bruce's secret. However, Bruce and Terry succeeded in revealing that Spellbinder had simply created an illusion of Mad Stan's death; she subsequently awarded Terry with a civic service award as an apology. The precise future of her and Dick's relationship remains unknown but the Barbara tells Terry to "try looking up for Nightwing sometime" about how Bruce treated his partners. In the movie "", Barbara Gordon appears as a supporting character. When the Joker returns from the dead, Terry McGinnis goes to her when Bruce Wayne refuses to talk about how this cannot be the Clown Price of Crime. When Bruce is recovering from Joker's toxin, she reluctantly tells Terry the details: the Joker kidnapped, tortured and brainwashed Tim Drake into a miniature version of the Clown Prince of Crime. During the chaos, Batgirl faced off against Harley Quinn and watched as Harley fell to her apparent death. Tim killed Joker, Batman and Batgirl buried Joker under Arkham Asylum and covered up the events with the aid of her father. Barbara also temporarily takes Bruce's place in advising Terry while tracking a couple of suspects as possible candidates for Joker's true identity. At the conclusion of the film, she and Bruce visit Tim recovering in the hospital after Joker's final defeat by Terry.

title: Terry Raymond

text: Terry and Irene remain happy for a while. Terry gives up alcohol and even manages to patch things up with his children. However, Terry is devastated when Tiffany is killed whilst trying to reclaim her daughter from Grant. Terry blames Grant for her death and hates him for his maltreatment of her whilst she was alive. However, he has to control his rage if he wants access to his granddaughter, Courtney. Later, Terry buys the local grocery store, 'The First Til Last', and runs it with Irene. However, Terry often squanders the profits on mundane ventures and gambling and Irene soon tires of Terry's incapability to understand her. Around this time, Troy Harvey (Jamie Jarvis), a college friend of Tony's, lodges at the Raymonds'. Troy has a penchant for older women and it isn't long before he and Irene begin an affair. Terry finds out on Christmas Day 1999 and throws Troy out, leaving Irene to think Troy had left of his own accord. He forgives Irene, but she is never really satisfied in their marriage after her dalliance with Troy. In 2000, Terry takes Irene on holiday to Spain but her unhappiness is only magnified away from Walford and Terry gives her an ultimatum; she can return to Walford and grow old with him or leave right there and then. Irene chooses the latter and leaves Terry to return to Walford a broken man.

title: Simon Howe

text: Despite his initial reluctance, Terry Sullivan) (Brian Regan) soon proved easy prey for Simon after the death of his wife Sue (Annie Miles) and son Danny. In indoctrinating Terry, Simon however invokes the wrath of Terry's friend Barry Grant (Paul Usher).

title: Thomas Southerne

text: According to T. J. Cribb, Behn mentions that Oroonoko experiences some conflict between his devotion to Imoinda, and his need to rebel, which gives Southerne an opportunity to build Oroonoko's character on this conflict, making it a source of the play's actions. Behn ends the novel with the brutal death of Oroonoko, but the play written by Southerne ends with the “love death” with Imoinda fulfilling his pact with her. Southerne also emphasizes Oroonoko’s honor and writes about how Oroonoko gave a speech on justifying slavery in terms of private property and civil contract. Oroonoko speaks of how their owners have paid for them and now they are a part of their estate and they may not like it, but they are no longer individuals, but pieces of property. Southerne expands the idea that even though the harsh treatments, Oroonoko is willing to come to terms with his situation and make it work.

title: Terry-Thomas

text: Terry-Thomas's popularity continued after his death. In February 1999 the National Film Theatre ran a season of Terry-Thomas films; an NFT spokesman described how attendees to the films turned up "in evening dress, with false moustaches and carrying cigarettes in long holders ... everyone has been trying to steal the cardboard cutouts of Terry ... We've never had a response like it. To be honest, we are rather unprepared. Nobody expected Terry-Thomas Fever".

title: Batman (Terry McGinnis)

text: After learning how Bruce impacted Dick and Barbara's romance, Terry loses trust in Bruce and chooses Dick to be his new mentor. Terry finds working with Dick easier than Bruce, Dick reminds Terry of his commitment to his family and to his education.

title: Terry Bickers

text: Terry Bickers was born in Kensington, London and grew up in nearby Fulham into what he describes as "a family of big gamblers and card players. I learnt from them how to hold my hand back. They'd all be drinking and because I was only seven, I'd be straight, checking them out and learning from their behaviour." When he was twelve years old, his parents split up, an event which he later described as "my whole life falling down in front of me. The relationship between your parents is how you see the world at that age. You learn not to trust anything." Bickers would often cite this event as contributing to his later personal vulnerability and his consequent reactions to both people and to band politics.

title: Terry Duckworth

text: Terry later appeared in August 1999 and bought Vera a posh car. The car was revealed as being a death trap when it was involved in a car crash which indirectly resulted in the death of Judy Mallett in September. On Christmas Day 1999 Terry interrupted a Christmas dinner and was punched by Judy's husband Gary for causing Judy's death. Jack then told his son how much misery he had brought down on Gary, and told him to never return to Coronation Street again. Alone with Terry, Vera finally stood up to her son, telling him he was evil and slapping him. Terry resented it when Tyrone Dobbs (Alan Halsall) moved in and became a son to Jack and Vera. In November 2000, when his son Paul needed a kidney transplant, Terry returned and offered to be a donor for a price. But once he had the money he fled, leaving his mother Vera to donate instead. Reading a letter penned to him by Vera in case the worst should happen, she admitted to Jack a fling early in their marriage which cast doubt on Terry's paternity. Jack admitted to Curly that he knew of the affair, but also had no doubt in his mind that Terry was his son as he reminded Jack too much of himself. The operation saved Paul's life, but almost cost Vera hers when she had an allergic reaction. Terry, in a rare show of heart, returned to the hospital to make sure his mother was okay before disappearing. Jack and Vera heard from Terry once again when he was in prison in October 2001. He claimed he had been framed for an attempted murder by a policeman who wanted revenge because Terry had been having an affair with his wife. This turned out to be true, and Jack helped him, despite his better instincts. Terry was released from prison in January 2002 when he was proven to be innocent. He subsequently made peace with Jack and Vera. Terry eventually set up home with a girlfriend called Nadine in Sheffield, and was employed selling double glazing. Terry later moved to Wolverhampton and began selling mobile phones.

title: Terry Langford

text: Terry Langford was convicted of murdering a couple, Ned and Celene Blackwood, in Ovando, Montana on July 5, 1988. He was sentenced to death for this crime on January 26, 1989. While on death row in Montana State Prison, Langford killed a fellow inmate during a riot on September 22, 1991. Langford was born in Lebanon, Kentucky. At 31 years old, he was the youngest inmate put to death since the death penalty was reinstated in Montana in 1976.

title: Brenda Walker (Emmerdale)

text: Brenda and Bob initially clashed when Brenda tried to remodel the cafe, but Brenda soon developed feelings for Bob, and took a more active role in his personal life. When Bob realised what was happening, he decided to fix her up with Terry. Brenda was reluctant, but to convince Gennie that she had no feelings for Bob, she kissed Terry during the bonfire night celebrations. Brenda became more interested in Terry but also became insecure, as she'd only ever been with her late husband. Val Pollard (Charlie Hardwick) convinced her to go a diet, which she did - an all-cabbage diet. Her first date with Terry was ruined by her constant trips to the bathroom. Terry thought she thought he was fat, and Bob told him to try self-affirmation exercises. Terry stood in front of his bedroom mirror in nothing but his boxers, telling himself how sexy he was and how Brenda couldn't resist him. Unfortunately, Brenda walked in on him, and thought he was a pervert. Terry followed her to the Woolpack and they quarrelled, he belittled her for only being with her late husband. Brenda was furious. The next day, Bob told Brenda how long Terry had been alone, and Brenda decided to try to patch things up with him.

title: Batman (Terry McGinnis)

text: In turn, Bruce initially treats Terry the same way he treated Dick Grayson and Tim Drake. In time, Terry grows into the cowl, and Bruce grows to accept him as his heir to the Batman legacy, demonstrating a great deal of faith in him despite his criminal past; in the episode "," when Terry was framed by Spellbinder for murder, Bruce trusted Terry's claims of innocence even after Barbara Gordon told Bruce that she had seen Terry kill a man. Over time, the generally private Bruce Wayne even told Terry about some of his old enemies and adventures as Batman, such as his old relationship with Selina Kyle, with Terry also doing his own independent research into individuals such as Talia al Ghul, although Bruce rarely discussed the Joker due to the .

title: Art Howe

text: In 1986, Howe began his coaching career as an aide to Bobby Valentine with the Texas Rangers. After three seasons, he was hired by his old team, the Astros, as manager for 1989, succeeding Hal Lanier. Howe enjoyed a successful first season in Houston, but the team was rebuilding with young players such as Jeff Bagwell and Craig Biggio, and suffered losing years in 1990–91. In 1992 and 1993 the Astros improved to .500 and then a winning record, but Howe was fired in favor of Terry Collins at the close of the '93 campaign. During the 1994–95 Dominican Winter League season, Howe led the Azucareros del Este to their first championship.

title: Sea of Love (film)

text: Moments later, the real killer bursts into the apartment: Helen's ex-husband Terry, who has been stalking Helen and murdering the men she dates. At gunpoint, he makes Frank lie on his bed and show how he made love to Helen, just as he had done to his other victims before murdering them. Frank manages to overpower Terry and tries to call the police, but Terry lunges at him and, in the ensuing struggle, Frank throws Terry through the bedroom window to his death.

title: Terry Southern

text: With encouragement from his son Nile, Southern returned to his long-shelved Texas novel. Retitled Texas Summer, it was published in 1992 by Richard Seaver. Southern's last two major articles were published during 1991; a piece on the Texas band ZZ Top appeared in the February edition of Spin, and an article on the Gulf War appeared in The Nation on July 8. During the year Southern was also invited to teach screenwriting at Columbia University's School of the Arts and School of General Studies as an adjunct professor, where he would work until his death.

title: Gail Gilmore

text: In 2009, she published her autobiography, "Trippin' with Terry Southern: What I Think I Remember" with co-author Tom Lisanti. Although the book is focused on the thirty years she spent with Terry Southern, details of her childhood and acting career are given. During Southern's decline and after his death, she remained on the East Coast and supported herself by teaching ballet. In 2010, the book was awarded the Independent Publisher Book Award Silver Medal.

title: Nile Southern

text: Nile Southern (born December 29, 1960), is an American filmmaker and writer. He is noted for his book "The Candy Men", a "biography of a book," about the writing and publishing of the comic sex novel "Candy", by Terry Southern and Mason Hoffenberg. He is the son of writer Terry Southern and literary editor Carol Southern.