query: When was Reginald Aubrey Fessenden born?

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: Reginald Fessenden was born October 6, 1866, in East-Bolton, Quebec, the eldest of the Reverend Elisha Joseph Fessenden and Clementina Trenholme's four children. Elisha Fessenden was a Church of England in Canada minister, and the family moved to a number of postings throughout the province of Ontario.

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: Fessenden's initial Weather Bureau work took place at Cobb Island, Maryland, located in the Potomac River about 80 kilometers (50mi) downstream from Washington, DC. As the experimentation expanded, additional stations were built along the Atlantic Coast in North Carolina and Virginia. However, in the midst of promising advances, Fessenden became embroiled in disputes with his sponsor. In particular, he charged that Bureau Chief Willis Moore had attempted to gain a half-share of the patents. Fessenden refused to sign over the rights, and his work for the Weather Bureau ended in August 1902.[12]

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: The technical achievements made by Fessenden were not matched by financial success. Walker and Given continued to hope to sell NESCO to a larger company such as the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T). After the December 21, 1906 demonstrations, AT&T was said to be planning to acquire NESCO, but financial setbacks caused the telephone company to reconsider, and NESCO was unable to find another buyer. There were growing strains between Fessenden and the company owners, and Fessenden's formation of the Fessenden Wireless Company of Canada in Montreal in 1906 may have led to suspicion that he was trying to freeze Walker and Given out of a potentially lucrative competing transatlantic service. The final break occurred in January 1911, when Fessenden was formally dismissed from NESCO. This resulted in his bringing suit against NESCO, for breach of contract. Fessenden won the initial court trial and was awarded damages; however, NESCO prevailed on appeal. To conserve assets, NESCO went into receivership in 1912, and Samuel Kintner was appointed general manager of the company. The legal stalemate would continue for over 15 years. In 1917, NESCO finally emerged from receivership, and was soon renamed the International Radio Telegraph Company. The company limped along for a few years, until it was sold to the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company in 1920, and the next year its assets, including numerous important Fessenden patents, were sold to the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), which also inherited the longstanding Fessenden legal proceedings. Finally, on March 31, 1928, Fessenden settled his outstanding lawsuits with RCA, receiving a significant cash settlement.[44]

title: Cobb Island (Maryland)

text:
On December 23, 1900, Reginald Aubrey Fessenden sent and received the first intelligible speech by electromagnetic waves on a pair of masts high and apart on Cobb Island.
Fessenden was using a spark transmitter with the Kintner-Brashear interrupter.

title: The Gauldrons

text: Reginald Aubrey Fessenden built a radio transmitting station with a high mast here in 1905 to transmit Wireless Telegraphy to a similar station at Brant Rock in Massachusetts, United States. An exchange of messages took place on 1 January 1906 but the mast blew down in a gale on 5 December 1906 and was never rebuilt.

title: Clementina Trenholme

text: Clementina Trenholm Fessenden, (4 May 1843 – 14 September 1918), was born at the village of Trenholm, Canada East and died at Hamilton, Ontario, author, social organiser. Also, mother of Reginald Fessenden, the radio pioneer. Buried in St John's Anglican cemetery, Ancaster, Ontario.

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 – July 22, 1932) was a Canadian-born inventor, who did a majority of his work in the United States and also claimed U.S. citizenship through his American-born father.[1] During his life he received hundreds of patents in various fields, most notably ones related to radio and sonar.

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: Anticipation of the 2006 centennial anniversary of Fessenden's reported broadcasts brought renewed interest, as well as additional questions. A key issue was why, despite Fessenden's assertion that the two programs had been widely heard, there did not appear to be any independent corroborating evidence for his account. (Even the Helen Fessenden biography relies exclusively on details contained in the January 29, 1932 letter used by the Kintner article.) There was general consensus in the centennial discussions that Fessenden had the technical means to make broadcasts, given the widespread reports about the success of the December 21 alternator-transmitter demonstrations. However, because of the station's very low power, even if the broadcasts had taken place it was questionable if the range could have matched Fessenden's claim of being heard hundreds of kilometers away.

title: USS Fessenden (DE-142)

text: She was named in honor of Reginald Aubrey Fessenden, born in Brome County, Quebec, Canada, 6 October 1866. He served as head chemist with Thomas Edison's East Orange, New Jersey, laboratories. In 1890 he began concentrating on electrical engineering, and through the next years made many important inventions and improvements in existing devices. His great contributions in the field of radio (particularly the invention of radio-telephony were of marked benefit not only to the Navy but to all seamen. He died 22 July 1932, at his home on Bermuda.

title: AM broadcasting

text: The person generally credited as the primary early developer of AM technology is Canadian-born inventor Reginald Fessenden. The original spark-gap radio transmitters were impractical for transmitting audio, since they produced discontinuous pulses known as "damped waves". Fessenden realized that what was needed was a new type of radio transmitter that produced steady "undamped" (better known as "continuous wave") signals, which could then be "modulated" to reflect the sounds being transmitted.

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: Fessenden contracted with General Electric (GE) to help design and produce a series of high-frequency alternator-transmitters. In 1903, Charles Proteus Steinmetz of GE delivered a 10kHz version which proved of limited use and could not be directly used as a radio transmitter. Fessenden's request for a faster, more powerful unit was assigned to Ernst F. W. Alexanderson, who in August 1906 delivered an improved model which operated at a transmitting frequency of approximately 50kHz, although with far less power than Fessenden's rotary-spark transmitters.

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: After settling his lawsuit with RCA, Fessenden purchased a small estate called "Wistowe" in Bermuda. He died there on July 22, 1932 and was interred in the cemetery of St. Mark's Church on the island. On the occasion of his death, an editorial in the New York Herald Tribune, "Fessenden Against the World", said:

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: In 1928, as part of a lecture reviewing "The Early History of Radio in the United States", H. P. Davis, commenting on entertainment offerings, asserted that "Reginald Fessenden, probably the first to attempt this, broadcast a program Christmas Eve 1906",[33] but didn't provide any additional details, and his comment was little noticed at the time.

title: List of Reginald Fessenden patents

text: The list of Reginald Fessenden patents contains the innovation of his pioneering experiments. Reginald Aubrey Fessenden received hundreds of patents for devices in fields such as high-powered transmitting, sonar, and television.

title: Telecommunications Hall of Fame

text: Nortel, the Communications Research Centre, Alexander Graham Bell, Reginald Aubrey Fessenden, Edward S. Rogers, Sr., Edward Samuel Rogers (Ted Rogers), Donald Hings, Robert W. (Bob) Jones, and Michael Kedar are among those honoured.

title: Machrihanish

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: Reginald Fessenden patents Alexanderson alternator: used by Fessenden for his first radio broadcast. Sonar

title: Reginald A. Fessenden House

text: Reginald A. Fessenden was born Quebec in 1866, and entered Bishop's University as a precocious young mathematical prodigy, but left in 1884 without graduating. In 1886, he took a position at the Edison Machine Works, working for inventor Thomas Edison. During an academic period teaching at Purdue University and at the University of Pittsburgh, Fessenden engaged in research on the nascent subject of wireless telegraphy. Much of the rest of his life he was employed in industry, either directly or as a consultant, but was often living near poverty, and produced a stream of inventions. In 1904 he invented the rotary spark-gap transmitter, and in 1906 he built a large transmitter in Massachusetts from which he successfully made a voice transmission. He also discovered the means to recombine separate frequencies to form a coherent audible sound. At his death he was described by inventor and businessman Elihu Thomson as "the greatest wireless inventor of the age, greater than Marconi."

title: Reginald A. Fessenden House

text: The house was declared a National Historic Landmark on January 7, 1976, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in recognition that it is one of the few places with a long-term association with Fessenden.

title: Reginald A. Fessenden House

text: The Reginald A. Fessenden House is a historic house at 45 Waban Hill Road in the village of Chestnut Hill in Newton, Massachusetts. It was the residence from 1919 to his death in 1932 of the inventor Reginald A. Fessenden (1866–1932), called "the father of radio broadcasting," because he was the first to broadcast the human voice and music by radio. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976 in recognition of Fessenden's accomplishments.

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: While growing up, Fessenden attended a number of educational institutions. At the age of nine, he was enrolled in the DeVeaux Military school for a year. He next attended Trinity College School in Port Hope, Ontario, from 1877 until the summer of 1879. He also spent a year working for the Imperial Bank at Woodstock, because he had not yet reached the age of 16 needed to enroll in college. At the age of fourteen, Bishop's College School in Lennoxville, Quebec, which was a feeder school for Bishop's College and shared the same campus and buildings, granted him a mathematics mastership.[2] Thus, while Fessenden was still a teenager, he taught mathematics to the younger students (some older than himself) at the School, while simultaneously studying with older students at the College.[3][4] At the age of eighteen, Fessenden left Bishop's without having been awarded a degree, although he had "done substantially all the work necessary", in order to accept a position at the Whitney Institute in Bermuda, where for the next two years he worked as the principal and sole teacher. (This lack of a degree may have hurt Fessenden's employment opportunities. When McGill University in Montreal established an electrical engineering department, his application to become its chairman was turned down.) While in Bermuda, he became engaged to Helen Trott.[5] They married in September 1890 and later had a son, Reginald Kennelly Fessenden.

title: Fessenden oscillator

text: A Fessenden oscillator is an electro-acoustic transducer invented by Reginald Fessenden, with development starting in 1912 at the Submarine Signal Company of Boston. It was the first successful acoustical echo ranging device. Similar in operating principle to a dynamic voice coil loudspeaker, it was an early kind of transducer, capable of creating underwater sounds and of picking up their echoes.

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: Beginning in 1961, the Society of Exploration Geophysicists has annually awarded its Reginald Fessenden Award to "a person who has made a specific technical contribution to exploration geophysics".[54] In 1980, a Fessenden-Trott Scholarship was established at Purdue University's School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, in memory of Reginald Fessenden and his wife.[55]

title: Roy Alexander Weagant

text: When Reginald Fessenden contracted with the company for a steam turbine, Weagant applied for a job, and from 1908-1915 worked at Fessenden's National Electric Signaling Company's station at Brant Rock, Massachusetts, working on the design of the 100-kilowatt spark transmitter for the United States Navy's first high-power station at Arlington, Virginia.

title: History of radio

text: The invention of amplitude-modulated (AM) radio, so that more than one station can send signals (as opposed to spark-gap radio, where one transmitter covers the entire bandwidth of the spectrum) is attributed to Reginald Fessenden and Lee de Forest. On Christmas Eve 1906, Reginald Fessenden used an Alexanderson alternator and rotary spark-gap transmitter to make the first radio audio broadcast, from Brant Rock, Massachusetts. Ships at sea heard a broadcast that included Fessenden playing "O Holy Night" on the violin and reading a passage from the Bible.

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: In 1925, Radio News, saluting Fessenden as "one of the greatest American radio inventors", began a monthly autobiographical series titled "The Inventions of Reginald A. Fessenden", with the intention of publishing the completed installments as a book. However, instead of reviewing his radio work, Fessenden immediately went on a series of tangents, including discussions of which races he believed were the most capable of producing inventions, and the proper approach that government institutions should be taking in order to support inventors. (At the close of the seventh installment, Radio News included a disclaimer that it was "not responsible for any opinions expressed in Dr. Fessenden's article".)[49] After eleven installments Fessenden had only covered his life up to 1893, having discussed virtually nothing about radio, and the series was quietly terminated at this point.

title: Broadcasting in the United States

text:
In 1901 Reginald Aubrey Fessenden made a significant step toward the possibility of broadcasting when he succeeded in superimposing a human voice onto a continuous Hertzian wave. Success in this experiment created a need for more advanced equipment, including an alternating-current generator large enough to produce the necessary power to carry his transmissions. Fessenden received the backing of T.H. Given and Hay Walker Jr. who contributed money to purchase a powerful generator from General Electric. He had it installed at Brant Rock, MA, and at 9pm local time on December 24, 1906, he began a broadcast that could be heard by several United Fruit Company ships at sea. After an introduction, the program consisted of the following:
The broadcast with Christmas greetings and a request for listeners to write him and report on the broadcast wherever they were. Fessenden received letters from many of his listeners who heard him from as far away as the West Indies.

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: The first widely publicized information about Fessenden's early broadcasts did not appear until 1932, when an article prepared by former Fessenden associate Samuel M. Kintner, "Pittsburgh's Contributions to Radio", appeared in the December 1932 issue of The Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers.[34] This reviewed information included in a January 29, 1932 letter sent by Fessenden to Kintner. (Fessenden subsequently died five months before Kintner's article appeared). In this account, Fessenden reported that on the evening of December 24, 1906 (Christmas Eve), he had made the first of two radio broadcasts of music and entertainment to a general audience, using the alternator-transmitter at Brant Rock. Fessenden remembered producing a short program that included a phonograph record of Ombra mai fu (Largo) by George Frideric Handel, followed by Fessenden playing Adolphe Adam's carol O Holy Night on the violin and singing Adore and be Still by Gounod, and closing with a biblical passage: "Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to men of good will" (Luke 2:14). He also stated that a second short program was broadcast on December 31 (New Year's Eve). The intended audience for both of these transmissions was primarily shipboard radio operators along the Atlantic seaboard. Fessenden claimed that the two programs had been widely publicized in advance, and the Christmas Eve broadcast had been heard "as far down" as Norfolk, Virginia, while the New Year Eve's broadcast had reached listeners in the West Indies.[35]

title: Reginald Fessenden

text: Hugh G. J. Aitken, The Continuous Wave: Technology and American Radio, 1900-1932. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey. 1985. Ira Brodsky, "The History of Wireless: How Creative Minds Produced Technology for the Masses" (Telescope Books, 2008) Susan J. Douglas, Inventing American Broadcasting, 1899-1922. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland. 1987. Orrin E. Dunlap, Jr., Radio's 100 Men of Science, Reginald Aubrey Fessenden entry, p.137-141. Harper & Brothers Publishers. New York. 1944. Helen M. Fessenden, . Coward-McCann, Inc. New York. 1940. Reginald A. Fessenden, Radio News, 11 part series beginning with the January 1925 issue. Reginald A. Fessenden, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, XXXVII (1908): 553-629. Gary L. Frost, "Inventing Schemes and Strategies: The Making and Selling of the Fessenden Oscillator," Technology and Culture 42, no. 3 (July 2001): 462-488. S. M. Kintner, "Pittsburgh's Contributions to Radio," Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, (December 1932): 1849-1862. David W. Kraeuter, "The U. S. Patents of Reginald A. Fessenden." Pittsburgh Antique Radio Society, Inc., Washington Pennsylvania. 1990. OCLC record 20785626. William M. McBride, "Strategic Determinism in Technology Selection: The Electric Battleship and U.S. Naval-Industrial Relations," Technology and Culture 33, no. 2 (April 1992): 248-277.

title: Golden Age of Radio

text: On Christmas Eve 1906, Reginald Fessenden is said to have broadcast the first radio program, consisting of some violin playing and passages from the Bible. While Fessenden's role as an inventor and early radio experimenter is not in dispute, several contemporary radio researchers have questioned whether the Christmas Eve broadcast took place, or whether the date was in fact several weeks earlier. The first apparent published reference to the event was made in 1928 by H.P. Davis, Vice President of Westinghouse, in a lecture given at Harvard University. In 1932 Fessenden cited the Christmas Eve 1906 broadcast event in a letter he wrote to Vice President S.M. Kinter of Westinghouse. Fessenden's wife Helen recounts the broadcast in her book "Fessenden: Builder of Tomorrows" (1940), eight years after Fessenden's death. The issue of whether the 1906 Fessenden broadcast actually happened is discussed in Donna Halper's article "In Search of the Truth About Fessenden" and also in James O'Neal's essays. An annotated argument supporting Fessenden as the world's first radio broadcaster was offered in 2006 by Dr. John S. Belrose, Radioscientist Emeritus at the Communications Research Centre Canada, in his essay "Fessenden's 1906 Christmas Eve broadcast."


query: How old was William O'Brien?

title: William O'Brien

text: O'Brien disagreed with the establishment of a southern Irish Free State under the Treaty, still believing that Partition of Ireland was too high a price to pay for partial independence. He wrote in 1923, "It is now obvious enough that, had the Irish Council Bill been allowed to pass in 1907, the Partition of Ireland would never have been heard of."[44] Retiring from political life, he contented himself with writing and declined Éamon de Valera's offer to stand for Fianna Fáil in the 1927 general election. He died suddenly on 25 February 1928 while on a visit to London with his wife at the age of 75. His remains rest in Mallow, and one of the principal streets in the town bears his name to this day. His head-bust overlooks the town Council's Chamber Room and one of his finest portraits hangs in University College Cork.

title: William Doris

text: William Doris was a Member of Parliament for the constituency of West Mayo from 15 January 1910 to 14 December 1918 as a member of the Irish Parliamentary Party. His defeat of William O'Brien in West Mayo in 1910 was a decisive defeat for O'Brien's All-for-Ireland League. Doris was first recorded in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, Westminster, on 15 March 1910 on the topic of Old Age Pensions (Ireland). He was last recorded in the Commons, on 14 November 1918 under the topic of Evicted Tenants. He was a Whip of the Irish Parliamentary Party under the leadership of John Redmond during this period.

title: Edward O'Brien, 14th Baron Inchiquin

text: He married firstly Emily Holmes-á Court, the daughter of William Holmes-á Court, 2nd Baron Heytesbury, and together they had four children; Geraldine Mary O'Brien (1863-?), Lucius William O'Brien, 15th Baron Inchiquin (1864-1929), Murrogh O'Brien (1866-1934), and Edward Donough O'Brien (1867-1943).

title: William Saurin

text: Saurin married Mary O'Brien, daughter of Edward Dominic O'Brien and Mary Carrick. She was the sister of William O'Brien, 2nd Marquess of Thomond, and James O'Brien, 3rd Marquess of Thomond, and the widow of Sir Richard Eyre Cox, 4th Baronet (died 1783). She and William had four sons, including Edward, James and Mark, and one daughter. Their eldest son, Edward (died 1878), became an Admiral and married Lady Mary Ryder (died 1900), daughter of the prominent statesman Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby. The celebrated Australian actor William Saurin Lyster was William's nephew.

title: William Smith O'Brien

text: William Smith O'Brien's elder brother Lucius O'Brien (1800–1872) was for some time member of parliament for County Clare.

title: William J. O'Brien

text: Born in Baltimore, Maryland, O'Brien attended the common schools and pursued classical studies in the old St. Mary's College of Baltimore. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1858, commencing practice in Baltimore.

title: William O'Brien (Minnesota)

text: William J. "Bill" O'Brien (February 19, 1930 in Jacksonville, Florida – June 25, 2007) was a Minnesota Republican politician, who served as Minnesota State Auditor and a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives. O'Brien also unsuccessfully sought the office of Minnesota Secretary of State.

title: William O'Brien (actor)

text: William O'Brien (c.1740-1815) was an Irish actor and playwright.

title: Jack O'Brien (jazz pianist)

text: John Roger O'Brien was born October 16, 1903, in Lehighton, Pennsylvania, to the marriage of Charles William O'Brien (1879–1960) and Anna Lena Fetherolf (1878–1967). He was raised in nearby Allentown. In 1921, O'Brien graduated from Bethlehem Preparatory School in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He went on to Muhlenberg College, where he was in a fraternity, and then to Columbia University, where he studied organ with David McK. Williams "(né" David McKinley Williams; 1887–1978).

title: Over at the Frankenstein Place

text: This was one of the songs sung by O'Brien as he revisited Oakley Court (the castle's location) for VH1's "Behind the Music" special. O'Brien sings Janet's verse before describing how the song was, and how the camera would pan up to a 'very handsome chap', then O'Brien proceeded to sing his verse. O'Brien also sung the song in an acoustic style as an extra for the Rocky Horror Interactive Show PC Game.

title: The Cat's Pajamas: Stories

text: Maggie and William, a married couple, decided to move into an old house. William loved the old house and started to clean up the house. On the other hand, Maggie was not as enthusiastic as William. Maggie was not used to such a dirty house, because for most of her life she lived luxuriously. William had begun to notice that Maggie was not satisfied with the house and grew sad. William made a final decision and told Maggie that they weren't going to stay in the house. Then Bess, William's friend, comes for a visit and falls in love with the house. Maggie knew that William really loved the house and noticed how happy he was when he saw that he was not the only one who loved the old house. Finally, Maggie started to clean the house and convinced herself that if William was happy here, so could she. A stained glass window upstairs in the old house, diffracting sunlight, is representative of how an object can appear differently if viewed from another angle.

title: Daniel Pitt O'Brien

text: O'Brien was born at Buckhannon, Upshur County, West Virginia. His father was judge and politician William S. O'Brien and his mother Emma (White) O'Brien.

title: William O'Brien, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin

text: William O'Brien was the son of William O'Brien, 2nd Earl of Inchiquin and Lady Margaret Boyle. He married his cousin Mary Villiers, daughter of Sir Edward Villiers of Richmond and Frances Howard, the youngest daughter of Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk and Elizabeth Hume.

title: William Howe Guion

text: In January 1884, William Howe Guion left the "Williams & Guion Black Star Line" and his nephew William Howe Guion, Jr., 36  years old, became a partner and the company received name "Guion & Co.".

title: Nelly O'Brien

text:
Nelly O'Brien was born Ellen Lucy O'Brien on 4 June 1864, at Cahirmoyle, County Limerick. She was the eldest child Edward William O'Brien and Mary O'Brien (née Spring Rice). Her siblings were Lucy and Dermod, with Dermod also becoming an artist. Her father was a landowner, and her mother was a sculptor and painter and sister of Thomas Spring Rice. O'Brien's grandfather was William Smith O'Brien. Whilst a young child, O'Brien spent two years living on the French Riviera from 1866 to 1868. Her mother later died of tuberculosis, and the three children were raised by their aunt, the writer and nationalist, Charlotte Grace O'Brien. Their father remarried in 1880, to Julia Marshall, with whom he had two sons and two daughters. O'Brien attended school in England from 1879, and later enrolled to study painting at the Slade School of Art. O'Brien met Walter Osborne through her brother Dermod, and considered herself engaged to him, but Osborne died in 1903. A portrait of O'Brien by Osborne is held in the Hugh Lane Gallery. O'Brien died suddenly on 1 April 1925 whilst visiting Dermod at 66 Elm Park Gardens, London. She is buried at the family plot in Cahirmoyle.
O'Brien returned to Ireland, and began to paint miniatures on ivory using a magnifying glass. She also painted watercolour landscapes. Her first exhibition with the Royal Hibernian Academy (RHA) was in 1896, where she showed three works including "Sketch near Malahide". She would exhibit with them on and off until 1922. During some of her time in Dublin, she lived with her half-brother, Edward Conor Marshall O'Brien, on Mount Street. As part of an exhibition of Irish painters, O'Brien exhibited a number of portrait miniatures at the London Guildhall in 1904. The 1906 Oireachtas na Gaeilge featured a number of her paintings, and in the same year she became honorary secretary of a newly established art committee. At the Munster–Connacht exhibition in Limerick of 1906, she exhibited a miniature of William Smith O'Brien amongst her 12 works on show. O'Brien produced many portraits, including one of Douglas Hyde, which was exhibited by the RHA in 1916.

title: William Smith O'Brien

text: The children of William Smith O'Brien and Lucy O'Brien were Edward William (Ned) (1831–1909), William Joseph (1839–1867), Lucy Josephine (1840–1907), Lucius Henry (1842–1913), Robert Donough (1844–1917), Charlotte Grace (1845–1909) and Charles Murrough (1849–1877). The elder daughter Lucy Josephine O'Brien married Rev John Gwynn and their children included writer and MP Stephen Gwynn, Lucy Gwynn who was the first woman registrar of Trinity College, Dublin, and Edward Gwynn who was Provost of Trinity College, Dublin. O'Brien's younger daughter Charlotte Grace O'Brien was a campaigner for the better treatment of Irish emigrants.

title: William O'Brien (disambiguation)

text: William O'Brien (1852–1928) was an Irish journalist and politician.

title: William H. O'Brien

text: William H. O'Brien was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

title: William O'Brien

text: O'Brien, William: An Olive Branch in Ireland, Macmillian London (1910) O'Brien, William: The Downfall of Parliamentarianism, Maunsel & Roberts Dublin & London (1918) O’Brien, William: The Responsibility for Partition, Maunsel & Roberts Dublin & London (1921) Sheehan, D. D.: Ireland since Parnell, Daniel O’Connor London (1921) MacDonagh, Michael: The Life of William O'Brien, the Irish Nationalist, Ernst Benn London (1928) Schilling, Friedrich K.: William O'Brien and the All-for-Ireland League, thesis (1956), Trinity College, Dublin Miller, David W.: Church, State and Nation in Ireland 1898–1921, Gill & Macmillan (1973) ISBN0-7171-0645-4 O'Brien, Joseph: William O'Brien and the course of Irish politics, University of California Press (1976) ISBN0-520-02886-4 Clifford, Brendan: Cork Free Press An Account of Ireland's only Democratic Anti-Partition Movement, Athol Books, Belfast (1984) Warwick-Halle, Sally: William O'Brien and the Irish land war, Irish Academic Press, Dublin (1990) ISBN0-7165-2458-9 Callanan, Frank: T. M Healy, Cork University Press (1996) ISBN1-85918-172-4 Maume, Patrick: The long Gestation, Irish Nationalist Life 1891–1918, Gill & Macmillan (1999) ISBN0-7171-2744-3 Hickey, D.J. & Doherty, J.E.: A new Dictionary of Irish History from 1800, pp. 353-54, Gill & MacMillan (2003) ISBN0-7171-2520-3 O’Donovan, John: The All-for-Ireland League and the Home Rule debate, 1910–14 Ch.7 pp.138–63, in Doherty, Gabriel (Ed.): The Home Rule Crisis 1912–14 , Mercier Press Cork (2014) ISBN978-1-78117-245-2

title: William O'Brien, 2nd Earl of Inchiquin

text: Col. William O'Brien, 2nd Baron O'Brien of Burren, 7th Baron & 2nd Earl of Inchiquin (c.1640 – 16 January 1692) was an Irish nobleman.

title: Shane O'Neill's GAC

text: The 1888 club, William O'Brien's GFC, named after Land League agitator and nationalist MP William O'Brien (1852-1928), was affected by the political rifts that followed the death of Parnell in 1891, and the name William O'Brien's was dropped. Shane O'Neill's, founded in 1905 and named after the 16th-century Ulster king Seán an díomais Ó Néill, is essentially a continuation of the first club.

title: Fitz James O'Brien

text: His friend, William Winter, collected "The Poems and Stories of Fitz James O'Brien", to which are added personal recollections by old associates that survived him (Boston, 1881). Mr. Winter also wrote a chapter on O'Brien in his book "Brown Heath and Blue Bells" (New York, 1895).

title: Shauna Howe

text: Shauna Howe (1981–October 1992) was an American 11-year-old girl from Oil City, Pennsylvania, who was murdered in October 1992. Howe's kidnapping and murder by being thrown from a bridge became a "cause célèbre" in Pennsylvania, receiving widespread media attention for over a decade. In September 2006, Eldred Walker, James O'Brien, and Timothy O'Brien were convicted for participation in Howe's murder.

title: Dromoland Castle

text: In 1604 when Conor O'Brien died he left Dromoland to his son, Donough MacConor O'Brien. Donough, whose mother was Slany O'Brien, was then only about eight years old. A legal battle ensued between the fourth Earl and Slany O'Brien. The dispute was settled by arbitration in 1613. The Earl, by now Lord Thomond, became owner of Dromoland on payment of 132.13.4 pounds in compensation to Slany O'Brien. When Donough was older, he refused to abide by the settlement. By 1614 a William Starkey was leasing Dromoland from Lord Thomond. By 1628 Lord Thomond was dead and Donough continued the dispute through the Court of Wards and Liveries in Dublin. In 1629 Donough was granted entry "on all the manors, lands and tenements of his late father" on payment of a fine. Dromoland was however not listed among the many properties named, and it rested with the Earls of Thomond for another fifty years. The fifth Earl did transfer two other properties to Donough as compensation.

title: Baron Inchiquin

text: He was succeeded by his son, William O'Brien, 2nd Earl of Inchiquin, who served as governor of English Tangier and as Governor of Jamaica. His son, William O'Brien, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin, became Governor of Kinsale in 1693. The fourth earl, also named William O'Brien, represented Windsor, Camelford and Aylesbury in the British House of Commons.

title: William O'Brien (judge)

text: Probably the fullest sketch of O'Brien's character is by Maurice Healy in his memoir "The Old Munster Circuit". Since Healy was extremely proud of the overall quality of the Irish judiciary, it is interesting that he made an exception for O'Brien, whom he called "a man who worked more injustice in his daily round that the reader would believe possible". Healy's description of O'Brien must however be treated with caution: he was only twelve when the judge died, and though as a schoolboy he would sometimes attend Court when O'Brien was sitting, he admits that most of what he knew of him was second-hand.

title: Nora Connolly O'Brien

text: Nora Connolly O'Brien was the daughter of Irish republican and socialist leader James Connolly and his wife Lillie Connolly. She was born in Edinburgh, one of seven children. She moved with her family to Dublin when she was three years old. Her formal education in Dublin extended to weekly Gaelic League classes to learn the Irish language. Otherwise, her mother, a former nursery maid, taught her how to read by the age of three and how to write, and arithmetic. The family moved to Troy, New York, when Nora was nine years old for her father to work at an insurance company. That work fell through, at which time he became increasingly political, prompting the family's eventual return to Ireland, this time to Belfast in 1910, with Nora going ahead a year earlier.

title: William O'Brien, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin

text: William MacWilliam O'Brien, 8th Baron of Inchiquin, 3rd Baron O'Brien of Burren, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin PC (1662 – 24 December 1719) was an Irish nobleman.

title: The Friends of Eddie Coyle (novel)

text: The character Eddie Coyle bore an uncanny resemblance to ex-convict William (Billy) O'Brien, one of James J. "Whitey" Bulger's old bank-robbing associates who had been murdered in 1967, three years before the book's publication. O'Brien, like Coyle, had just been arrested and the newspapers reported that O'Brien's associates were concerned that he might become a turncoat. O'Brien's slaying was never solved, nor was Coyle's.

title: William O'Brien (disambiguation)

text: William O'Brien may also refer to:

title: Lucy Cane

text: Lucy Cane was born Mary O'Brien around 1866, probably in Cahirmoyle, County Limerick. She was the third and youngest child of Edward William and his wife Mary Spring O'Brien, her elder siblings were Dermod and Nelly. Her paternal grandfather was William Smith O'Brien, and maternal cousin was Mary Spring Rice. O'Brien was educated at home. Following the death of her mother from tuberculosis, the three siblings were raised by their aunt, Charlotte Grace O'Brien.


query: Who is called retailer?

title: Retail

text: Retail is the process of selling consumer goods or services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit. Retailers satisfy demand identified through a supply chain. The term "retailer" is typically applied where a service provider fills the small orders of a large number of individuals, who are end-users, rather than large orders of a small number of wholesale, corporate or government clientele. Shopping generally refers to the act of buying products. Sometimes this is done to obtain final goods, including necessities such as food and clothing; sometimes it takes place as a recreational activity. Recreational shopping often involves window shopping and browsing: it does not always result in a purchase.

title: Retailing in India

text: Organised retailing, in India, refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These include the publicly traded supermarkets, corporate-backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and also the privately owned large retail businesses.

title: United States v. Parke, Davis & Co.

text: Parke Davis did not content itself with announcing its policy regarding retail prices and following this with a simple refusal to have business relations with any retailers who disregarded that policy. Instead, Parke Davis used the refusal to deal with the wholesalers in order to elicit their willingness to deny Parke Davis products to retailers, and thereby help gain the retailers' adherence to its suggested minimum retail prices. The retailers who disregarded the price policy were promptly cut off when Parke Davis supplied the wholesalers with their names. The large retailer who said he would "abide" by the price policy, the multi-unit Peoples Drug chain, was not cut off. In thus involving the wholesalers to stop the flow of Parke Davis products to the retailers, thereby inducing retailers' adherence to its suggested retail prices, Parke Davis created a combination with the retailers and the wholesalers to maintain retail prices and violated the Sherman Act.

title: Groceries Code Adjudicator

text: Trade magazine and website "Retail Week" reported that in response to calls for submissions to the Competition Commission investigation, major UK retailer Aldi supported the establishment of a retail ombudsman, while Tesco, Sainsbury's, and a number of other major retailers did not support its establishment.

title: Infomercial

text: Infomercials are designed to solicit a direct response that is specific and at once quantifiable and are, therefore, a form of direct response marketing (not to be confused with direct marketing). For this reason, infomercials generally feature between two and four internal commercials of 30 to 120 seconds, which invite the consumer to call or take other direct action. Despite the overt request for direct action, many consumers respond to the messages in an infomercial with purchases at retail outlets. For many infomercials, the largest portion of positive response is for consumers to take action by purchasing at a retail store. For others, the advertiser will instead promote the item as "not sold in stores." Some advertisers who make this choice dislike sharing profit with retailers, while many simply lack the immense resources necessary to get their products into the retail industry channels prior to achieving on-air success. In the latter case, many hope to use profit from direct sales to build their business/company in order to achieve later retail distribution. Standalone shorter commercials, 30 to 120 seconds in length with a call to action, are erroneously called infomercials; when used as an independently produced commercial, they are generally known as DRTV spots or short-form DRTV. Many products and services that advertise using infomercials often also use these shorter spots to advertise during regular programming.

title: Castle Vale

text: Castle Vale Retail Park was built by Sainsbury's who occupy the largest retail unit in the complex. They also operate a petrol station near the retail park's entrance at the Chester Road. Other retailers include: B&M Home Bargins, Smyths Toy Store, TK Maxx, Argos and a furniture store. A separate unit was constructed to the east of the retail park at a later date and is now occupied by Bathstore. Smaller retail units are provided in a building next to the Sainsbury's supermarket, with the Post Office as one of the tenants. There is a public square to the rear of the Bathstore unit with a sculpture in its centre called "New Birth".

title: Merry Hill Shopping Centre

text: The first retailer to move to Merry Hill was furniture retailer MFI, who opened a retail warehousing unit during 1985. MFI would trade from this unit for 23 years until they went into liquidation in December 2008, with the store later being purchased and refurbished by electrical retailer BestBuy, who opened their store in May 2010.

title: Chester Greyhound Stadium

text: The site closed on 10 January 1987 and was later demolished to make way for a large retail park. The nearby park and retail park are now called Greyhound Park and Greyhound Retail Park.

title: Easyday

text: In 2006, Walmart initiated talks with India-based Bharti Enterprises to enter the Indian market as India's restrictive commercial laws prohibited most foreign companies from setting up stores to compete with domestic retailers. Subsequently, they set up an equal joint venture to float a company called Bharti Walmart Private Limited in 2007, with the intention of doing wholesale business, through Best Price Modern Wholesale stores. It was decided that while Walmart would work towards back-end cash & carry supply chain for the wholesale operations of Bharti Walmart; it would also provide expertise including technology, supply chain, logistics and management support to the retail stores, Easyday, which will be run a wholly owned subsidiary of Bharti Enterprises named Bharti Retail Private Limited. Bharti Retail was set up in April 2007 with the target an annual turnover of about $3.65 billion by 2015. The major challenge for Easyday stores was the competition from small scale retailers who controlled about 97% of the Indian retail business. They organized protests against Easyday, which was supported by a section of politicians. Amid a stiff resistance from the opposition political parties, the Indian government allowed 51% Foreign Direct Investment in multi-brand retail in September 2012, which could enable Walmart to do direct retail business in India.

title: Retail Week

text: "Retail Week" runs an annual conference in London called Retail Week Live for leaders of the retail industry.

title: Farm to retail price spread

text: The farm to retail price spread is the difference between the farm price and the retail price of food, reflecting charges for processing, shipping, and retailing farm goods (sometimes called the marketing spread). The current spread accounts for about three-fourths of the retail price for a market basket of foods, according to USDA. The farm value varies for each type of food; for example, in 2004 it accounted for about 35% of the retail cost of eggs, compared to about 19% for fresh fruit and vegetables, and about 6% for cereal and bakery products.

title: World in Conflict: Soviet Assault

text: The expansion was delivered through two methods: online download and retail. There are two retail versions, with one consisting of the expansion only, with another, called "World in Conflict: Complete Edition", containing the original game and the Soviet Assault expansion. The online download only contains the Soviet Assault expansion and is designed for players who already have the original game.

title: Invoice price

text: Simplified it could be called the ost of a good sold by a wholesaler. The wholesaler will usually charge a price somewhat higher than he or she paid to the producer, and the retailer who purchases the goods from the wholesaler will increase the price again when they sell the good in their store. That price is usually called the manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP), list price or recommended retail price (RRP) of a product and is the price which the manufacturer recommends that the retailer sell the product for. The retail price is normally around 2.5 to 3 x the trade or wholesale price, depending on the mark up of the retailer since the retailer really needs this markup to cover their own higher overheads such as the shop rent, taxes, business rates and staff.

title: UNICEF

text: In 2009, the British retailer Tesco used "Change for Good" as advertising, which is trademarked by UNICEF for charity usage but not for commercial or retail use. This prompted the agency to say, "it is the first time in Unicef's history that a commercial entity has purposely set out to capitalise on one of our campaigns and subsequently damage an income stream which several of our programs for children are dependent on". They went on to call on the public "who have children’s welfare at heart, to consider carefully who they support when making consumer choices".

title: Retail media

text:
Retail Media originated as media available within the retail environment. This has now developed into a media discipline in its own right as new retail media channels have been added. Retail Media now reaches outside the retail environment to encompass media channels such loyalty program marketing, couponing and door drops, fleet media (retailer's fleet vehicles, etc.).
Though many retail media channels are found inside the retailer's store/environment, the media channels themselves are not always 'owned' or operated by retailers. Many retail media channels are operated independently by specialist media companies who also manage other media outside the retail environment.

title: Tandy Corporation

text: In 1999, the UK stores were acquired by Carphone Warehouse, as a part of an expansion strategy that saw the majority of the Tandy stores converted either to Carphone Warehouse or Tecno photographic stores. By 2001, all former Tandy stores had been converted or closed. A small number of the stores were sold to a new company called T2 Retail Ltd formed by former Tandy (Intertan UK) employees, Dave Johnson, Neil Duggins and Philip Butcher who continued the RadioShack-style theme for a while, but these stores also closed in 2005. A new company called T2 Enterprises now continues using the old T2 Retail web presence as an exclusively on-line retailer stocking a range of RadioShack products and other electronics.

title: Drop shipping

text: Drop shipping is a supply chain management method in which the retailer does not keep goods in stock but instead transfers the customer orders and shipment details to either the manufacturer, another retailer, or a wholesaler, who then ships the goods directly to the customer. As in retail business, the majority of retailers make their profit on the difference between the wholesale and retail price, but some retailers earn an agreed percentage of the sales in commission, paid by the wholesaler to the retailer.

title: United States v. Parke, Davis & Co.

text: The Baltimore branch manager put into effect a program for promoting observance of the suggested minimum retail prices. In order to ensure that retailers who did not comply would be cut off from sources of supply, representatives of Parke Davis visited the five wholesalers and told them, in effect, that not only would Parke Davis refuse to sell to wholesalers who did not adhere to the policy announced in its catalogue, but also that it would refuse to sell to wholesalers who sold Parke Davis products to retailers who did not observe the suggested minimum retail prices. Each wholesaler was interviewed individually and informed that his competitors were also being apprised of this. The wholesalers each indicated a willingness to go along with the Parke Davis policy. Parke Davis representatives also called on the price-cutter retailers and told each that, if he did not observe the suggested minimum retail prices, Parke Davis would refuse to deal with him, and that, furthermore, he would be unable to purchase any Parke Davis products from the wholesalers. Each retailer was also told that his competitors were being similarly informed.

title: Vendor-managed inventory

text:
In the traditional inventory management, a retailer (sometimes called buyer) makes his own decisions regarding the order size while in VMI, a retailer shares his inventory data with a vendor (sometimes called supplier) such that the vendor is the decision-maker who determines the order size for both. Thus, the vendor is responsible for the retailer's ordering cost, while the retailer has to pay for his own holding cost. This policy can prevent stocking undesired inventories and hence can lead to an overall cost reduction. Moreover, the bullwhip effect is also reduced by employing the VMI approach in a buyer–supplier cooperation . As replenishment frequencies play an important role in integrated inventory models to reduce the total cost of supply chains which many studies fail to model it in mathematical problems . VMI is a family of business models in which the buyer of a product provides certain information to a supplier (vendor) of that product and the supplier takes full responsibility for maintaining an agreed inventory of the material, usually at the buyer's consumption location (usually a store).
A third-party logistics provider can also be involved to make sure that the buyer has the required level of inventory by adjusting the demand and supply gaps.

title: History of Target Corporation

text:
Target is encouraging customers who shopped at its US stores (online orders were not affected) during the specified timeframe to closely monitor their credit and debit cards for irregular activity. The retailer confirmed that it is working with law enforcement, including the United States Secret Service, "to bring those responsible to justice." The data breach has been called the second-largest retail cyber attack in history, and has been compared to the 2009 non-retail Heartland Payment Systems compromise, which affected 130 million credit cards, and to the 2007 retail TJX Companies compromise, which affected 90 million people. As an apology to the public, all Target stores in the United States gave retail shoppers a 10% storewide discount for the weekend of December 21–22, 2013. Target has offered free credit monitoring via Experian to affected customers.
Target reported total transactions for the same time last year were down 3-4%, as of December 23, 2013.

title: Value-added tax

text: Consider the manufacture and sale of any item, which in this case we will call a widget. In what follows, the term "gross margin" is used rather than "profit". Profit is the remainder of what is left after paying other costs, such as rent and personnel costs.With a 10% sales tax:So the consumer has paid 10% ($0.15) extra, compared to the no taxation scheme, and the government has collected this amount in taxation. The retailers have not paid any tax directly (it is the consumer who has paid the tax), but the retailer has to do the paperwork in order to correctly pass on to the government the sales tax it has collected. Suppliers and manufacturers have the administrative burden of supplying correct state exemption certifications, and checking that their customers (retailers) are not consumers. The retailer must verify and maintain these exemption certificate. In addition, the retailer must keep track of what is taxable and what is not along with the various tax rates in each of the cities, counties and states for the 35,000 plus various taxing jurisdictions.

title: National Federation of Retail Newsagents

text: The NFRN is the secretariat of the All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on Retail Crime, chaired by Martin Vickers MP, who replaced Guto Bebb in 2016. The purpose of the retail crime group is to raise awareness of retail crime and the impact it has on retailers and shop workers.

title: Fashion week

text: The advent of "see now, buy now" shopping has also come about in response to so-called "fast fashion" retailers, who copy designs from the runway and bring them to retail faster than traditional design houses.

title: Call box

text: A growing number of retailers use call boxes in their stores as a way for shoppers to summon service ("Shopper Call Box") as well as for store employees to summon assistance ("Director Call Box"). Retail call boxes are generally wireless devices that communicate to in-store communication devices via radio frequency (303 MHz) or through 802.11 networks.

title: Dunnhumby

text: KSS Retail, a provider of analytics software and services for retail price optimization and promotions planning, was acquired by dunnhumby in 2010. Founded in Manchester, UK, KSS Retail operated as a separate business unit until October 2015, when it was rebranded as dunnhumby Price and Promotion. KSS Retail developed and commercialized optimization software called PriceStrat that helps retailers identify the right prices and promotions as part of a revenue management and merchandising strategy. Through dunnhumby Price and Promotion, the business also provides business intelligence software that helps retailers with promotions and market basket analytics.

title: Personal selling

text: Sales activity can occur in many types of situations. Field representatives call on clients, who are typically business clients; door-to-door sales teams call on householders, sales staff may work in a retail or wholesale environment where sales personnel attend to customers by processing orders or sales may occur in a telemarketing environment where the sales person makes telephone calls to prospects. In terms of number of transactions, most selling occurs at the retail level; but in terms of value, most selling occurs at the high-end business-to-business level.

title: Retail clinics in the United States

text: A retail clinic is a category of walk-in clinic located in retail stores, supermarkets and pharmacies that treat uncomplicated minor illnesses and provide preventative health care services. They are sometimes called "retail-based clinics," "convenient care clinics," or "nurse-in-a-box." Retail clinics in the United States are usually staffed by nurse practitioners (NPs) or physician assistants (PAs) and do not necessarily have a doctor physically available onsite. Some, however, are staffed by physicians.

title: Affiliated Foods Southwest

text: Affiliated Foods Southwest was a retailers' cooperative serving independent supermarkets in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas. It was founded in 1948 by C. E. "Doc" Toland, who had worked in a cooperative in Little Rock, Arkansas called Model Markets. It was a member of Retailer Owned Food Distributors & Associates and distributed Shurfine products in its stores.

title: Honda

text: Honda sells genuine accessories through a separate retail chain called "" for both their motorcycle, scooter and automobile products. In cooperation with corporate group partner Pioneer, Honda sells an aftermarket line of audio and in-car navigation equipment that can be installed in any vehicle under the brand name , which is available at Honda Access locations as well as Japanese auto parts retailers, such as Autobacs. Buyers of used vehicles are directed to a specific Honda retail chain that sells only used vehicles called "."

title: Termination rates

text: For example, a customer of Operator A wishes to call a friend who has an Operator B mobile. Operator A will charge the customer a fee per minute (the retail charge) for this call. Operator B will charge Operator A a fee for terminating the call on its network. This termination rate therefore forms part of Operator A's cost of providing the call to its customer.

title: Andrey Rogachev

text: Andrey Rogachev (, born January 17, 1964, in Tula, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, USSR) — is a Russian entrepreneur. He was the first Russian dollar billionaire who made a fortune not from privatization or trading in natural resources. He started his business, producing environmental instruments. Rogachev is called the Farther of Russian retail.. Now co-owner of Food trading platform AGRO24 and retail chain Vernii. He was formerly the co-owner of electronic payment system Spacard , co-owner of retail chain Pyaterochka , one of the ex-co-owners and directors of X5 Retail Group.


query: When was Raleigh, NC founded?

title: Raleigh, North Carolina

text: Raleigh was chosen as the site of the new capital in 1788, as its central location protected it from attacks from the coast. It was officially established in 1792 as both county seat and state capital (incorporated on December 31, 1792 – charter granted January 21, 1795).[13] The city was named for Sir Walter Raleigh, sponsor of Roanoke, the "lost colony" on Roanoke Island.[14]

title: NC State Wolfpack men's soccer

text: The NC State Wolfpack men's soccer team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States. The team is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. NC State's first men's soccer team was fielded in 1950. The team plays its home games at Method Road in Raleigh, on the western edge of the NC State campus. The Hawks are coached by George Kiefer.

title: North Carolina Highway 90

text: Established in 1921 as an original state highway, it started at NC 50 (Person Street), in Raleigh, going east to Columbia. In 1927, NC 90 was extended west from Raleigh to Lenoir at NC 18. In 1929, NC 90 extended east from Columbia to Fort Landing.

title: Poliedro de Caracas

text: The Poliedro de Caracas ("Caracas Polyhedron Arena") is an indoor sports arena, located on the grounds adjacent to Hipodromo La Rinconada, in Caracas, Venezuela. It was designed by architect Thomas C. Howard of Synergetics, Inc., in Raleigh, NC, in 1971. However, the geodesic dome was not concluded, until 1974, when US firm Charter Industries, along with Synergetics, Inc. designed and manufactured the geodesic dome in Raleigh, NC.

title: North Carolina Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization

text: The TAC typically meets on the third Wednesday of each month from 4:00 pm–6:00 pm in Raleigh, NC. The TCC typically meets on the first Thursday of each month from 10:00 am – 12:00 pm in Raleigh, NC.

title: WCOG (AM)

text: While attending UNC-Chapel Hill Rick Dees worked for WCOG in 1969 and 1970 when the station was owned by Thoms Broadcasting based in Asheville, NC. Dees left WCOG and worked at WTOB Winston-Salem, NC and WKIX Raleigh, NC when those stations were owned by Southern Broadcasting.

title: North Carolina Highway 50

text: North Carolina Highway 13 (NC 13) was a short primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. it ran from Raleigh to US 15 in Creedmoor. In 1934 the entirety of NC 21 was renumbered to avoid confusion with US 21 to the west. NC 13 is shown on the 1935 state highway map running north from Raleigh to NC 9 southeast of Leesville. The highway then traveled north intersecting NC 91 and crossing the Neuse River before ending at US 15/NC 56 in Creedmoor. The 1936 state highway map shows NC 13 completely renumbered as US 15A.

title: Que Pasa Radio

text: Que Pasa Radio was heard on WYSR 1590 AM High Point, NC and was formerly heard on WREV 1220 AM Reidsville, NC, WTOB 1380 AM Winston-Salem, NC, WLLO 1530 AM Durham, NC, WWBG 1470 AM Greensboro, NC and WRTG 1000 AM Raleigh, NC.

title: Roger Demosthenes O'Kelly

text: After he graduated at Yale University, he opened his own legal service firm called O'Kelly's Legal Bureau in Raleigh, North Carolina, as a Legal Specialist to provide his legal services for local business people in Raleigh, NC and Granite Quarry, NC.

title: Michael J. Smith Field

text: Piedmont Airlines was serving the airport by 1948 with a daily Douglas DC-3 flight operating direct service to Raleigh/Durham, NC, Greensboro, NC, Winston-Salem, NC, Cincinnati, OH and other en route destinations. Wheeler Airlines, a commuter air carrier, served the airport during the mid 1970s with Cessna 402 flights to Charlotte, NC, Norfolk, VA and Raleigh/Durham NC.

title: Phillip Michael Pacetti

text: His experience working in various studios in Los Angeles, CA, Dallas, TX and Nashville, TN with the likes of Emmy Award winning sound designer/composer, Leonard Wolf revived his interest audio engineering. He is currently recording and producing underground bands in Raleigh, NC. In 2016 he founded a non-profit, musical collective called, Poisoned Apple Recordings, Inc as a platform for musical artists in the Raleigh, NC artist community.

title: Raleigh, North Carolina

text: I-40 traverses the southern part of the city, connecting Raleigh to Durham and Chapel Hill toward the west, and coastal Wilmington, North Carolina to the southeast. I-440, Also known locally as the Raleigh Beltline, it makes a loop around the central part of the city. The I-440 route labeling formerly encompassed the entire loop around the city, co-numbered though South Raleigh with I-40. In 2002, the NCDOT removed the I-440 designation from the co-numbered I-40 (southern and southwestern) sections of the loop, and the directional signage on the remaining I-440 portion was changed from Inner/Outer to East/West. The route designation changes were made to avoid driver confusion over the Inner/Outer designations, especially with Raleigh's new "Outer Beltline", as I-540 has become known. I-540/NC 540 is currently under development. It is a partially completed outer beltway that will run around the outer edges of Wake County and into a small portion of southeast Durham county. The route is complete and currently open between the NC 55 Bypass interchange Holly Springs and the US-64/US-264 interchange in suburban Knightdale. The route is tolled between NC 54 in Cary to its current southwestern terminus at NC 55 Bypass. Completion of the loop is planned (but unfunded), and also contingent upon selection of an agreeable route around the town of Garner. I-87, designated September 5, 2017, follows the former route of Interstate 495. It begins at the I-40/I-440 interchange southeast of Raleigh and runs east, meeting I-540 and terminating at Rolesville Road. It is entirely concurrent with US 64. When the route is completed it will link Raleigh to the Norfolk, Virginia area.

title: Southern Championship Wrestling

text: Southern Championship Wrestling was not the first independent in North Carolina but it was one of the earliest and longest-lasting groups, despite competition from the numerous promotions in the Carolinas. For most of its 10-year run, its traditional "home turf" was primarily in eastern and central North Carolina. SCW initially promoted events in the Raleigh-Durham area during its first two years in operation, however, Mosorjak gradually worked to expand the promotion's territory. In 1997, he began holding monthly shows in downtown Raleigh, establishing a home arena at the Kings Barcade, and was eventually promoting events throughout the Carolinas by the end of the decade. In early-2002, the promotion began holding shows at the historic Dorton Arena. SCW event tours also included, fire halls, high school gyms and fairs in cities such as Butner, NC, Creedmoor, NC, Durham, NC, Henderson, NC, Louisburg, NC, Southern Pines, NC, Valdese, NC, Wendell, NC; and in Clover, SC and Greer, SC.

title: Johnston County, North Carolina

text: Johnston County is included in the Raleigh, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC Combined Statistical Area, which has a population of 1,998,808 as of U.S. Census 2012 Population Estimates.

title: Franklin County, North Carolina

text: Franklin County is included in the Raleigh, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had a 2012 estimated population of 1,998,808.

title: North Carolina Highway 9

text: 1930-1937: There was a previous NC 9 before the current day routing and was known as Leesville Road. The first 9 dates from about 1930, and ran from Raleigh northwest to Durham. Today, part of that road is U.S. 70. It ran in conjunction with US 15A through downtown Raleigh in front of the Capitol Building. The original NC 9 lasted until late 1937, when it was renumbered as US 70A.

title: North Carolina

text: Among others, there are three high-level symphonic orchestras: NC Symphony in Raleigh, Charlotte Symphony, and Winston-Salem Symphony. The NC Symphony holds the North Carolina Master Chorale. The Carolina Ballet is headquartered in Raleigh, and there is also the Charlotte Ballet.

title: St. David's School (Raleigh, North Carolina)

text: St. David's middle school athletics belong to the Capital Area Middle School Conference (CAMSC) – Cary Academy, Cary Christian School, Franklin Academy (Wake Forest, NC), Grace Christian (Raleigh, NC), The Magellan School (Raleigh, NC), North Raleigh Christian Academy, St. Timothy’s School (Raleigh, NC), Trinity Academy of Raleigh, Wake Christian Academy (Raleigh, NC).

title: North Carolina Highway 21

text: In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22 through Dublin, Elizabethtown, and Clarkton, before ending at NC 20 (now US 74 Bus/US 76 Bus, in Whiteville. Its old alignment was replaced by NC 22 (now US 301) to Lumberton and then NC 70 (now NC 41). In 1928, its southern terminus was rerouted again from Elizabethtown to Delco, replacing NC 231; its old route to Whiteville became part of NC 23 (now US 701). In 1929, its northern terminus was extended on new primary routing to Creedmoor, ending at US 15/NC 75. From 1929-1932, NC 21 was rerouted several times through downtown Raleigh. In 1932, US 401 was assigned as a concurrency with NC 21 between Fayetteville and Raleigh.

title: North Carolina Highway 50

text: In 1967, northbound US 70/US 401/NC 50 was adjusted around Wilmington Street and South Street, in downtown Raleigh. In 1972, US 70/NC 50 was rerouted from Glenwood Avenue (downgraded to secondary road) to stay along Capital Boulevard then go west along the Raleigh Beltway back to Glenwood Avenue. In 1984, US 70/US 401/NC 50 were taken off downtown Raleigh streets and was rerouted going counter-clockwise along the Raleigh Beltway. In 1991, NC 50, and US 70/US 401, returned to downtown Raleigh; routed along Saunders Street, Dawson/McDowell Streets and Connector, Capital Boulevard, Wade Avenue and finally Glenwood Avenue.

title: NC State–Wake Forest rivalry

text: The rivalry dates back to when Wake Forest was in Wake Forest, NC, and was only a short distance from NC State's campus in Raleigh. Their rivalry eventually expanded into the Big Four with UNC-Chapel Hill and Duke, which are recognized as being some of the fiercest rivalries in NCAA men's basketball. The two teams will meet twice in the 2018–19 ACC regular season.

title: North Carolina Highway 42

text: NC 42 was established as an original state highway running from NC 133 north of Wilson to NC 12 in Pinetops. Between 1934 and 1935 NC 42 was extended twice, first to NC 23 south of Emit, and then to US 15A west of McCullers. The western terminus of the highway was moved in 1948 to US 15A (Now US–401) in Fuquay-Varina, placing NC 42 on its modern routing south of Raleigh. Four years later, NC 42's eastern terminus was extended to US 64 in Conetoe. In 1960 the highway was extended to US 421 east of Sanford. However, in 1963 NC 42 was routed concurrently with US 421 through Sanford before following its own routing to NC 22. The highway then followed NC 22 to the northwest, and replaced NC 902 between Coleridge and Asheboro. The same year, NC 42 was extended along new routing through Hassell, ending at NC 125 south of Hamilton. The last major change to NC 42 was in 1976, when the highway was routed along NC 11 and US 13 through Ahoskie and then replaced NC 350 to NC 45 in Colerain.

title: Miller-Motte Technical College

text: Miller-Motte operates campuses in seventeen Southern cities: Augusta, GA, Cary, NC, Charleston, SC, Chattanooga, TN, Clarksville, TN, Columbus, GA, Macon, GA, Conway, SC, Fayetteville, NC, Greenville, NC, Lynchburg, VA, Roanoke, VA, Nashville, TN, Raleigh, NC, Jacksonville, NC, Wilmington, NC, and Gulfport, MS.

title: Ann Rowles

text: "Closet Installation: Memory & Fantasy", Artspace, Raleigh, NC; University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Cone Galleries, Charlotte, NC; Durham Art Guild, Durham, NC; Gallery A, Raleigh, NC; Brevard College, Brevard, NC.

title: NC State Wolfpack football

text: NC State leads 17–13 with the last game played in 2018. The NC State and East Carolina rivalry dates back to the first meeting between the two schools in 1970, when they began playing on an annual basis which lasted until 1987. The two teams will next play during the 2019 season in Raleigh.

title: Kevin R. Campbell

text: A native of Raleigh, NC, Campbell was raised in Raleigh, NC by Theresa and C. Ray Campbell. His father is an agronomist and adjunct professor at North Carolina State University. His brother, Todd Campbell, is also an agronomist. Campbell is married and the father of a daughter.

title: North Carolina Highway 54

text: NC 54 runs from US 70 in Burlington along Chapel Hill Road through the downtown area of Graham. Turning to the southeast the route runs through some of the outskirts of Burlington before moving through a predominantly rural area. Approaching Chapel Hill, the highway follows the NC 54 "Bypass" around the town and runs concurrently with US 15/US 501 until reaching Raleigh Road. At Raleigh Road, NC 54 continues to the east crossing I-40 and running through the outskirts of Durham. The road continues to follow I-40 as it enters into Research Triangle Park and Morrisville. NC 54 follows Chapel Hill Road until reaching the downtown area of Cary where it uses Maynard Road as a bypass. On the eastern side of Cary, NC 54 turns back onto Chapel Hill Road and follows the road until reaching Hillsborough Street near Raleigh. At Hillsbourgh Street, NC 54 turns to the east to follow the street through west Raleigh and along the NC State Fairgrounds. The highway ends at I-440/US 1 west of downtown Raleigh.

title: Hillsborough Street

text: Art to Wear is an annual fashion show featuring the creations of NC State students. The NCSU College of Design and College of Textiles team together to showcase the young talent that can be found at NC State as well as its connectivity to the clothing design merchants found around Raleigh, NC. The event is normally followed by an after event which fills the local establishments with customers long into the night.

title: 2013 Syracuse Orange football team

text:
NC State Leads Series: 6–1
Syracuse traveled to Raleigh, NC for a game against the NC State Wolfpack.

title: North Carolina Highway 54

text: Entering into Raleigh, the road name continues as Chapel Hill Road. Chapel Hill Road intersects the southern terminus of Edwards Mill Road, providing access to Carter-Finley Stadium and the PNC Arena. Briefly after the intersection, NC 54 widens to a four-lane divided road and continues that way until reaching Hillsborough Street. At the intersection, NC 54 continues east onto Hillsborough Street and once again closely parallels the same railroad. NC 54 provides multiple accesses to the North Carolina State Fairgrounds before intersecting Blue Ridge Road. Continuing east, NC 54 runs along the south side of NC State's Centennial Biomedical Campus. NC 54 reaches its eastern terminus at I-440/US 1 at exit 3, a folded diamond interchange. Hillsborough Street continues east to access NC State's North Campus and Downtown Raleigh.

title: Research Triangle

text: The two interstates diverge from one another in Orange County, with I-85 heading northeast through northern Durham County toward Virginia, while I-40 travels southeast through southern Durham, through the center of the region, and serves as the primary freeway through Raleigh. The related loop freeways I-440 and I-540 are primarily located in Wake County around Raleigh. I-440 begins at the interchange of US 1 and I-40 southwest of downtown Raleigh and arcs as a multiplex with US 1 northward around downtown with the formal designation as the Cliff Benson/Raleigh Beltline (cosigned with US 1 on three-fourths of its northern route) and ends at its junction with I-40 in southeast Raleigh. I-540, sometimes known as the Raleigh Outer Loop, extends from the US 64-264 Bypass to I-40 just inside Durham County, where it continues across the interstate as a state route (NC 540), prior to its becoming a toll road from the NC 54 interchange to the current terminus at NC Highway 55 near Holly Springs. I-95 serves the extreme eastern edge of the region, crossing north-south through suburban Johnston County.


query: Where is Virginia Tech?

title: Virginia Tech

text: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, commonly known as Virginia Tech and by the initialisms VT and VPI,[8] is a public, land-grant, research university with its main campus in Blacksburg, Virginia. It also has educational facilities in six regions statewide and a study-abroad site in Riva San Vitale, Switzerland. Through its Corps of Cadets ROTC program, Virginia Tech is also designated as one of six senior military colleges in the United States.[9]

title: Virginia–Virginia Tech football rivalry

text: The Virginia–Virginia Tech football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Virginia Cavaliers football team of the University of Virginia and Virginia Tech Hokies football team of Virginia Tech. The two schools first met in 1895 and have played annually since 1970.

title: Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine

text: VCOM-Virginia is located on 13 acres within the campus of Virginia Tech, in the Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center. The College operates within a public/private collaboration with Virginia Tech, sharing resources for the purposes of education, research and student activities. On campus, the main building consists of 60,000 square feet. The Center for Simulation and Technology is located within a 22,000 square foot building, where training occurs with simulated patient encounters in several specialties.

title: Bill Roth (sportscaster)

text: At the age of 22, Bill began working for Virginia Tech as the "Voice of the Hokies" in 1988, where he broadcast Hokies football, basketball and baseball games. Bill also served as host of the Hokie Hotline, a weekly radio show featuring Virginia Tech coach Frank Beamer and basketball coaches Frankie Allen, Bill Foster, Bobby Hussey, Ricky Stokes, Seth Greenberg and James Johnson. Bill also hosts a weekly television show, Virginia Tech Sports Today, that is shown every Sunday morning on TV stations in Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Maryland. Roth's tenure is longer than any other sportscaster in Virginia Tech history and he called more games than any other announcer in the school's history. Bill has called several NCAA men's basketball tournaments, and major bowl games: Orange Bowl (1996, 2008, 2009, 2011), Sugar Bowl (1995, 2000, 2004, 2012), Gator Bowl (1994, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2005.) Roth called games of Virginia Tech great Michael Vick including the school's 1999 undefeated regular season during Vick's time at the school. Roth's signature broadcast opening, marking the transition from pregame to game program, greeted viewers with the phrase ""From the Blue Waters of the Chesapeake Bay to the Hills of Tennessee, the Virginia Tech Hokies are on the air."

title: Virginia Tech Hokies

text: During the early years of the university, a rivalry developed between the Virginia Military Institute and Virginia Tech, then called VPI. This rivalry developed into the original "Military Classic of the South," which was an annual football game between VMI and VPI on Thanksgiving Day in Roanoke, Virginia. This rivalry continued until 1970 when Tech's football program became too large and too competitive for VMI. Today, Tech's major athletic rivalries include the Virginia Cavaliers (see Virginia-Virginia Tech rivalry), the West Virginia Mountaineers, and the Miami Hurricanes.

title: Read Montague

text: Read Montague (born 1960) is an American neuroscientist and popular science author. He is the director of the Human Neuroimaging Lab and Computational Psychiatry Unit at the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute in Roanoke, Virginia, where he also holds the title of the inaugural Virginia Tech Carilion Vernon Mountcastle Research Professor. Montague is also a professor in the department of physics at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia. He also holds a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellowship at The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at University College London.

title: Miami–Virginia Tech football rivalry

text: The series was one-sided until 1995 when Virginia Tech took their first game against Miami in Blacksburg. Beginning in that year, the series has been in favor of Virginia Tech, 14–8. There have been several notable games in this time, including 11 meetings in which both teams were ranked in the top 25 and four meetings where both teams were in the top 10.

title: Roanoke Maroons

text: Roanoke and Virginia Tech were rivals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when Virginia Tech was a small college. In 1877, the schools competed in Virginia Tech's first intercollegiate baseball game (Virginia Tech won 53–13), and in 1896, Virginia Tech first wore its current athletic colors – maroon and burnt orange – in a football game against Roanoke. In 1895, Roanoke and Virginia Tech were charter members of the now defunct Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Association along with Randolph-Macon College, the University of Richmond, and the College of William and Mary, and in 1926, Roanoke and Virginia Tech played the inaugural football game at Virginia Tech's Miles Stadium.

title: Shad Planking

text: Lieutenant Governor Bill Bolling, wearing a Virginia Tech tie, was the main speaker. The colors of Virginia Tech were on display, with many attendees wearing Virginia Tech hats and t-shirts, since the event occurred two days after the Virginia Tech massacre. Rather than giving a political speech, Bolling focused on the events at Virginia Tech. Bolling's son graduated from Virginia Tech in 2006.

title: Imraan Faruque

text:
He was born on August 9 in Alexandria, Virginia, but soon moved to Charlottesville, Virginia, where he lived until 2002 when he moved to Blacksburg,Virginia, where he earned a B.S. in aerospace engineering at Virginia Tech. Also was in US FIRST robotics competition. Imraan is the brother of fellow Virginia Tech graduate, Ruel Faruque, a researcher and team member for the Virginia Tech DARPA Urban Challenge team.
On July 16, 2016 he was married to Rachel Mumbert.

title: 2012 Florida State Seminoles football team

text:
Pregame Line: FSU −1, Virginia Tech −7 (Vegas odds)
Florida State had a bye before traveling to face the Virginia Tech Hokies in a Thursday night clash. Florida State and Virginia Tech had not met in the regular season since 2008, when the Seminoles defeated the Hokies 30–20 in Tallahassee. The teams previously met in the 2010 ACC Championship Game where Virginia Tech defeated Florida State 44–33. Coming into this game, Florida State had won thirteen of the last fifteen against Virginia Tech.

title: 2017 Virginia Tech Hokies football team

text: The 2017 Virginia Tech Hokies football team represented Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Hokies were led by second-year head coach Justin Fuente and played their home games at Lane Stadium in Blacksburg, Virginia. Virginia Tech competed as members of the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in ACC play to finish in second place in the Coastal Division. They were invited to the Camping World Bowl where they lost to Oklahoma State.

title: Virginia Tech

text: Virginia Tech Hampton Roads Centers, Newport News and Virginia Beach[101] Northern Virginia Center, Falls Church (National Capital Region)[102] Virginia Tech Richmond Center, Richmond[103] Virginia Tech Roanoke Center, Roanoke[104] Virginia Tech Southwest Center, Abingdon[105]

title: Virginia Tech shooting

text: Several organizations have hosted annual blood drives on or near the anniversary date of the shooting as a tribute to the victims. The Virginia Tech Alumni Association National Capital Region Chapter (the "DC Hokies") has held a yearly blood drive in remembrance of the victims of the shooting, as well as sponsoring a local "3.2 for 32" run on or near the anniversary. The Shenandoah Chapter of the Virginia Tech Alumni Association also hosts an annual blood drive. Other blood drives are held by the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets and other chapters of the Virginia Tech Alumni Association, under the name "Virginia Tech "for life"".

title: Virginia Tech

text: Virginia Tech's fight song, "Tech Triumph", was written in 1919 and remains in use today. The song is played at sporting events by both the Virginia Tech student band, The Marching Virginians, and the regimental Corps of Cadets' band, the Highty Tighties. The "Old Hokie" spirit yell, written in 1896 and used to this day, is familiar to many Virginia Tech fans. This chant is also where the word "Hoki" (since modified to "Hokie") originally appeared.

title: Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center

text: The Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, known locally as the 'Corporate Research Center' or the 'CRC' or 'VTCRC', is a science park on the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, Virginia comprising 33 completed buildings on of land. The CRC is located adjacent to the Virginia Tech Airport.

title: List of Virginia Tech Hokies bowl games

text: The game kicked off at 8:32 pm Eastern Standard Time, and Virginia Tech scored first, converting the its first possession into on a field goal. Virginia Tech added another field goal in the second quarter, but Michigan scored a touchdown in the final minute to take a 7–6 lead, and then recovered a Virginia Tech fumble on the ensuing kickoff. Michigan kicked a field goal as time expired in the first half to take a 10–6 lead. Michigan converted its first possession of the second half into a touchdown to take a 17–6 lead, but Virginia Tech added a field goal to narrow the lead to 17–9. In the fourth quarter, Virginia Tech scored a touchdown to narrow Michigan's lead to two points, and then converted a two-point conversion to tie the game. Michigan responded with a field goal, but Virginia Tech tied the game with a field goal with two seconds remaining. In overtime, Virginia Tech appeared to score the go-ahead touchdown on a diving catch by Danny Coale, but the call on the field was inexplicably overturned upon video review. On the next play, Virginia Tech missed a crucial field goal. Michigan converted its field goal opportunity to win the game 23–20 in overtime.

title: Miami–Virginia Tech football rivalry

text: The Miami–Virginia Tech football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Miami Hurricanes of the University of Miami and Virginia Tech Hokies of Virginia Tech.

title: 2018 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team

text: For this Thursday night matchup, Virginia Tech had taken a 21-14 lead and forced a punt by Georgia Tech's offense that was fumbled and recovered by Georgia Tech and led to a 12 yard TD drive. GT would dominate from there on Tobias Oliver's first start at QB where Georgia Tech gained 465 yards on offense, all rushing. It was Virginia Tech's most rushing yards given up since 1973 against SMU. That year was also the last time Virginia Tech had given up over 45 points to 3 different teams in one season until Georgia Tech's performance for this game.

title: Skipper (cannon)

text:
Virginia Polytechnic Institute And State University (Virginia Tech) was founded in 1872 as a military school, originally named, "Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College" (VAMC). Since the end of World War II, Virginia Tech's students have been primarily civilians, although the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets has maintained a strong presence on campus, carrying on the rich military traditions of the school. Virginia Tech is one of six universities, outside of the four service academies with an active cadet corps on campus, and is designated as a senior military college.
Virginia Tech (VPI) and Virginia Military Institute (VMI) first played each other in 1894, and annually from 1913-1971, on Thanksgiving Day at Victory Stadium in Roanoke, Virginia. The official name of Virginia Tech until 1969 was ""Virginia Polytechnic Institute"", commonly referred,to as "VPI". The football game, known as the “"Military Classic of the South"” was part of a full day of festivities, including a parade from downtown Roanoke to Victory Stadium for the game. The cadets from VPI and VMI both marched in the parade. After the teams completed formation in the stadium, VMI fired its game cannon, named ""Little John"" and chanted, ""Where's your cannon!?!"" directed at the VPI side of the stadium. VPI had no response.

title: 1986 Peach Bowl

text: Following Virginia Tech's kickoff, NC State returned the ball to the 27-yard line, where the Wolfpack began the game's first play. That play was a short run to the right. On the next play, NC State picked up the game's first first down with a rush up the middle by fullback Mal Crite. Crite picked up another first down on the next play, driving the Wolfpack inside Virginia Tech territory, but the Hokies' defense stiffened and forced the Wolfpack to punt after NC State failed to gain another first down. Tech returned the punt to its 21-yard line, where the Tech offense took over. On Virginia Tech's first offensive play, running back Maurice Williams broke free for a 77-yard run that took the Hokies inside the one-yard line of NC State. The run was the longest of Williams' career and is a Peach Bowl record for longest play from scrimmage. Two plays later, Virginia Tech's Eddie Hunter crossed the goal line and scored the game's first points. The touchdown and extra point made the score 7–0, Virginia Tech.

title: Virginia–Virginia Tech rivalry

text: The Virginia–Virginia Tech rivalry is an American college rivalry that exists between the Virginia Cavaliers sports teams of the University of Virginia and the Virginia Tech Hokies sports teams of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, commonly known as Virginia Tech. The Cavaliers and Hokies have a program-wide rivalry called the "Commonwealth Clash", which is tied 2–2 as of 2018. While Virginia leads the rivalry series in the majority of non-revenue sports, Virginia Tech has won a record 15 straight Commonwealth Cups in football as of 2018 and won their first "Commonwealth Clash" in 2017.

text: The Virginia Campus is located in the Corporate Research Center, adjacent to the Virginia Tech campus. As a part of a long-term agreement, students are granted the same benefits as Virginia Tech students in terms of use of the library, recreational facilities, student center, arts and theatre programs, intramural programs, and access to Virginia Tech football and other athletic event tickets. The school features Tech's "Hokie Bird" mascot as its own, however the school is private and receives no state support from Virginia. Additionally, the official medical school of Virginia Tech is the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute granting the M.D. degree, which is located in Virginia Tech's Roanoke, Virginia campus.

title: Valerie G. Hardcastle

text: Prior to her move to U.C., Hardcastle had held multiple positions at Virginia Tech where she earned multiple awards and achievements throughout her time there from 2000-2007. Some of these positions which she held include; The Associate Dean of the college of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences, Head of the Department of Science and Technology in Society at Virginia Tech / Chair, Center for Science and Technology Studies at Virginia Tech, as well as being the Director of Graduate Program in Science and Technology Studies (STS) at Virginia Tech from 2000-2006.

title: Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech

text: The Institute opened in July 2000 in space in the Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center; it was hosted briefly in Building XI, then Building X, until it moved to Building XV in 2002, which was designed to host the institute. In January 2005, it moved into a new building on the main Virginia Tech's campus, called "Bioinformatics Facility Phase I and II", but retained its existing space in the CRC. In 2011, the Institute moved its National Capital Region office into the Virginia Tech building in Arlington, Virginia. In 2015, the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute (VBI) was quietly renamed and rebranded as the "Biocomplexity Institute". In November 2016, the home of the institute on Virginia Tech's main campus was dedicated as Steger Hall, after former Virginia Tech President Charles Steger.

title: Virginia Tech Hokies

text: Women's soccer at Virginia Tech began in 1980 with two club teams under the guidance of Everett Germain and his two daughters Betsy and Julie. Women's soccer has made great strides over the years and continues to be very successful. Recently, the Virginia Tech soccer team brought on a new head coach, Charles "Chugger" Adair, who was formerly the Associate Head Coach, where he acted as the recruiting coordinator and head scout for Virginia Tech, as well as assisted with player development and management. Virginia Tech woman's soccer currently has two assistant coaches, Pete Pososki and Eric Lycan.

title: Angela Tincher O'Brien

text: Angela Tincher O'Brien (born Angela Susan Tincher; December 16, 1985) is an American softball coach and former pitcher who was most recently pitching coach at Virginia Tech. Raised in Eagle Rock, Virginia, she was an All-American pitcher at Virginia Tech and was a 2008 first-round draft selection for the NPF Akron Racers. She is a graduate of James River High School and a 2008 graduate of Virginia Tech. In 2013, she was hired as Virginia Tech's softball pitching coach where she owns numerous school records. She is the ACC career leader in wins, strikeouts, shutouts, innings pitched, strikeout ratio and no-hitters, while also ranking in several records for the NCAA Division I, where she is one of five pitchers to achieve 100 wins, 1,000 strikeouts, an ERA under 1.00 and average double-digit strikeouts for her career.

title: Virginia–Virginia Tech rivalry

text: Virginia Governor Mark Warner earlier had suggested the NCAA intervene and mediate the expansion process, and when that failed added pressure to UVA President John Casteen to refrain from casting an affirmative vote for the conference's plan to expand without Virginia Tech. Warner feared that such a move would hurt Virginia Tech by leaving it in a diminished Big East. UVA President John T. Casteen III then offered a plan to have the ACC expand but consider Virginia Tech in lieu of Syracuse on June 18, 2003. Duke and UNC voted against the Hokies, but with Casteen's support Virginia Tech was invited to the conference with 7 out of 9 votes. Miami and Virginia Tech joined the ACC in 2004, with Boston College joining in 2005.

title: Virginia Tech

text: The early decades of this century have seen expansion across the university's institutions in both physical and population sizes. In 2001 Virginia Tech acquired the 326 acre Heth Farm adjacent to the Virginia Tech campus.[33] Former President Charles Steger brought Virginia Tech a osteopathic medical school in 2007. The Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute was created with a strategic partnership with the Carilion Clinic and the Governor of Virginia. These years also brought about the rapid development of the university's professional schools of graduate education, and business programs. Virginia Tech brought in over a half-billion in research expenditures in 2014.[34]

title: 2002 San Francisco Bowl

text: Virginia Tech received the post-touchdown kickoff and returned it to their 31-yard line, where the Tech offense took over on its first possession of the game. Tech running back Lee Suggs ran for a three-yard gain, and quarterback Bryan Randall completed a 15-yard pass to take the Hokies to near midfield, earning Virginia Tech a first down in the process. But on the third play after taking possession, the Hokies turned the ball over as Tech running back Lee Suggs fumbled the ball. Air Force recovered the turnover and returned it to the Tech 35-yard line, where the Falcons offense returned to the field. Despite gaining possession of the ball deep inside Virginia Tech's side of the field, Air Force was unable to move the ball forward with much success. After a quick first down provided by a penalty against Virginia Tech, the Hokie defense stiffened and denied the Falcons another. Air Force was forced to attempt a 45-yard field goal, which Ashcroft converted with 7:36 left in the quarter to give the Falcons a 10–0.

title: Read Montague

text: Montague is the director of the Human Neuroimaging Lab and Computational Psychiatry Unit at the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute in Roanoke, Virginia, where he also holds the title of the inaugural Virginia Tech Carilion Vernon Mountcastle Research Professor. Montague is also a professor in the department of physics at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia. He also holds a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellowship at The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at University College London.