query: Where is Zanzibar located?

title: Zanzibar

text: Zanzibar (/ˈzænzɪbɑːr/; Swahili: Zanzibar; Arabic: زنجبار, romanized:Zanjibār) is a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania. It is composed of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 25–50 kilometres (16–31mi) off the coast of the mainland, and consists of many small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, referred to informally as Zanzibar) and Pemba Island. The capital is Zanzibar City, located on the island of Unguja. Its historic centre is Stone Town, which is a World Heritage Site.

title: Mjini Magharibi Region

text: Mjini Magharibi Region (also known as the Zanzibar Urban West Region) is one of the 31 regions of Tanzania. Located on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar City serves as the region's capital. According to the 2012 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Zanzibar Urban/West Region was 593,678.

text: South approach and departures are over the water. The Zanzibar VOR-DME (Ident: ZV) is located off the south end of the runway. The Zanzibar non-directional beacon (Ident: ZZ) is located on the field.

title: List of football clubs in Zanzibar

text: Following is a list of football clubs located in Zanzibar, sorted alphabetically.

title: Zanzibar leopard

text:
Only six skins have been located in museums, including the type specimen in the Natural History Museum, London, and a much-faded mounted specimen in the Zanzibar Museum.
However, Zanzibar government statistics indicate that leopards were still being killed by hunters in the mid-1990s, and islanders continue to report sightings and livestock predation.

title: Tanzania

text: Tanzania is mountainous and densely forested in the north-east, where Mount Kilimanjaro is located. Three of Africa's Great Lakes are partly within Tanzania. To the north and west lie Lake Victoria, Africa's largest lake, and Lake Tanganyika, the continent's deepest lake, known for its unique species of fish. The eastern shore is hot and humid, with the Zanzibar Archipelago just offshore. The Kalambo Falls, located on the Kalambo River at the Zambian border, is the second highest uninterrupted waterfall in Africa. The Menai Bay Conservation Area is Zanzibar's largest marine protected area.

title: Zanzibar Blue

text: Zanzibar Blue was a jazz club located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Known for its live jazz each night and for Sunday brunch, it branded itself as "Philadelphia's Premier Jazz Club". Owned by brothers Robert and Benjamin Jr. Bynum, the club was located in Center City, Philadelphia below the Bellevue on the Avenue of the Arts. Zanzibar Blue opened in 1990 on 11th Street, between Spruce and Pine Streets and later moved to the Bellevue in 1996. The club closed on April 29, 2007, Robert Bynum stating "we didn't think it was in our best interests to renew [the lease]. We'd rather own [our] building than lease." WJJZ, Philadelphia's smooth jazz radio station broadcast Sunday brunches from Zanzibar Blue, and performers such as Lou Rawls, Chick Corea and Chuck Mangione have played there.

title: Jozani

text: Jozani is a village on the Tanzanian island of Unguja (Zanzibar Island). It is located in the southeast of the island, 3.1 miles (5 km) south of Chwaka Bay, close to the edge of the Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park. It is primarily a farming community of about 800 people. Jozani Village is located 21.7 miles (35 km) south-east of Zanzibar Town off the road leading to Paje, Zanzibar. It is easily reached by public buses 309 and 310, by chartered taxi or as an organized tour from Zanzibar Town. These tours are often in combination with dolphin observation in Kizimkazi, one of Zanzibar’s oldest settlements with a tiny 12th century mosque open to public. The main road on the island, connecting the west and east coasts of Zanzibar, also connects to Jozani. Besides public bus routes 9, 10 and 13, you can also get here from Zanzibar Town by dala-dala number 309, 310, 324, and 326. Jozani is a small and rural village, situated in the innermost part of the Pete Inlet Bay, immediately south of the Jozani Chwaka Bay National Park. It is one of six rural villages surrounding the park. Residents here depend to a large degree on the Jozani Forest as a source of firewood, hunting, building resources, farming, fishing, and more. The village also operates ecotourism in the Jozani Forest and has constructed a 0.6 mile (1 km) boardwalk through the mangroves at the southern road entrance into the national park. Many villagers work as authorized guides for tours in the southern tip of Jozani Forest.

title: Ras Makunduchi Lighthouse

text: The Ras Makunduchi Lighthouse is located at the south eastern tip of Ugunja island in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The lighthouse is located near the village of Makunduchi The lighthouse is a 27m squared concrete tower painted red and white. The tower has 165 steps to the top and has two non resident operators. Since the lighthouse is in Zanzibar, it is managed by the Zanzibar Ports Corporation instead of the Tanzania Ports Authority.

title: Zanzibar City

text: Zanzibar City (or Zanzibar Town, often simply referred to as Zanzibar; ; ) is the capital and largest city of Zanzibar, in Tanzania. It is located on the west coast of Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago, roughly due north of Dar es Salaam across the Zanzibar Channel. It also serves as the capital of the Zanzibar Urban/West Region, and qualifies as a district, formally known as Zanzibar Urban District. In 2002 its population was 205,870.

title: Zanzibar

text: The Anglican Diocese of Zanzibar was created in 1892. The first Bishop of Zanzibar was Charles Smythies, who was translated from his former post as Bishop of Nyasaland. The cathedral, located in Stone Town, Zanzibar City, is a prominent landmark, and a national heritage asset. Having fallen into poor condition, it was fully restored, at a cost of one million Euros, to reopen in 2016, with a world heritage visitor centre. The restoration was supported by the Tanzanian and Zanzibari governments, and spearheaded by the diocese in partnership with the World Monuments Fund.[47] The restoration of the spire, clock, and historic Willis organ are still outstanding. Historically the diocese included mainland locations in Tanganyika. In 1963 it was renamed as the Diocese of Zanzibar & Dar es Salaam. Two years later, in 1965, Dar es Salaam became a separate diocese, and the original was again renamed as the Diocese of Zanzibar & Tanga. In 2001 the mainland links were finally ended, and the name reverted to the original Diocese of Zanzibar. The diocese continues to include the neighbouring island of Pemba. There have been ten bishops of the diocese from 1892 to the present day. The current bishop is Michael Hafidh. It is part of the Province of Tanzania, under the Archbishop of All Tanzania, based at Dodoma.

title: Khalid bin Barghash of Zanzibar

text: Sayyid Khalid bin Barghash Al-Busaid (1874 – 1927) () was the sixth Sultan of Zanzibar and the eldest son of the second Sultan of Zanzibar, Sayyid Barghash bin Said Al-Busaid. Khalid briefly ruled Zanzibar (August 25-August 27, 1896), seizing power after the sudden death of his cousin Sayyid Hamad bin Thuwaini of Zanzibar who many suspect was poisoned by Khalid. Britain refused to recognize his claim to the throne, citing a treaty from 1866 which stated that a new Sultan could only accede to the throne with British permission, resulting in the Anglo-Zanzibar War in which Khalid's palace and harem were shelled by British vessels for 38 minutes, killing 500 defenders, before a surrender was received. Khalid fled his palace to take refuge in the German consulate from which he was smuggled to German East Africa where he received political asylum. He was captured by British forces at Dar es Salaam in 1916 and was exiled to the Seychelles and Saint Helena before being allowed to return to East Africa where he died in Mombasa in 1927.

title: State University of Zanzibar

text: State University of Zanzibar (SUZA) is a public university located on Unguja Island in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The university was established by an act of House of Representatives of Zanzibar in 1999 and became operational in 2002.

title: Sultan's Palace, Zanzibar

text: The Sultan's Palace (Arabic: بيت الساحل), Bait As-Sahel was destroyed in the Anglo Zanzibar war of 1896, is one of the main historical buildings of Stone Town, Zanzibar, Tanzania. It is a 3-story building with merlon-decorated white walls, located in Mizingani Road, on the seafront, between the House of Wonders and the Old Dispensary.

title: Christ Church, Zanzibar

text: The church is located in Mkunazini Road, in the centre of the old town, and occupies a large area where the biggest slave market of Zanzibar used to be; the construction of the cathedral was in fact intended to celebrate the end of slavery. The altar is said to be in the exact place where the main "whipping post" of the market used to be. In the square there is a well-known monument to the slaves (a few human figures in chains emerging from a pit) as well as a museum on slavery.

title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Zanzibar

text: Its cathedral episcopal see is St. Joseph’s Cathedral located in and on Zanzibar.

title: Zanzibar University

text: The Zanzibar University (ZU) is a private university in Zanzibar, Tanzania. It opened in 1998 as the first university in Zanzibar, is a private university sponsored by the Darul Iman Charitable Association, an Islamic religious organization in Ontario, Canada. It is situated at Tunguu area, in the Central District, some from Zanzibar Town. The University campus, with a total area of of land, is located among quiet countryside surroundings overlooking the Indian Ocean. There is public transport to the University.

title: Kizimbani

text: Kizimbani (or Kisimbani) is a settlement of the Zanzibar Urban/West Region in Unguja, the main island of Zanzibar, Tanzania. It is located in the interior of the island, north-east of Zanzibar City. The remnants of old Persian public baths are found in this town.

title: Anglican Church of Tanzania

text: The first Bishop of Zanzibar was Charles Smythies, who was translated from his former post as Bishop of Nyasaland in 1892. Zanzibar Cathedral, located in Stone Town, Zanzibar City, is a prominent landmark, and a national heritage asset. Historically the diocese included mainland locations in Tanganyika, and In 1963 it was renamed as the Diocese of Zanzibar & Dar es Salaam. Two years later, in 1965, Dar es Salaam became a separate diocese, and the original was again renamed as the Diocese of Zanzibar & Tanga. In 2001 the mainland links were finally ended, and the name reverted to the original Diocese of Zanzibar. The diocese continues to include the neighbouring island of Pemba. There have been ten bishops of the diocese from 1892 to the present day.

title: Old Fort of Zanzibar

text: The Old Fort (), also known as the Arab Fort and by other names, is a fortification located in Stone Town, the capital of Zanzibar. It is the oldest building and a major visitor attraction of Stone Town. It is located on the main seafront, adjacent to another landmark building of the city, the House of Wonders (former palace of the Sultan of Zanzibar), and facing the Forodhani Gardens.

title: Antoni Folkers

text: In years 2006-2010 Folkers was involved in a research and conservation project on the Mtoni Palace located on the western coast of the Unguja Island (Zanzibar) which resulted in the publication "Mtoni. Palace, Sultan & Princes of Zanzibar". His research on Zanzibar has also been concerned with the architecture and urban planning of Karume's Revolutionary Government. More recently, through the projects of AAM, he has also been involved in research on the urban history of Zanzibar Town.

title: Zanzibar

text: Ancient pottery implies trade routes with Zanzibar as far back as the time of the ancient Assyrians. Traders from the Arabian Peninsula, the Persian Gulf region of modern-day Iran (especially Shiraz), and west India probably visited Zanzibar as early as the 1st century. They used the monsoon winds to sail across the Indian Ocean to land at the sheltered harbor located on the site of present-day Zanzibar City.

text: Abeid Amani Karume International Airport () is the main airport in the Zanzibar Archipelago located on Unguja Island. It is about south of Zanzibar City, the capital of Zanzibar, and has flights to East Africa, Europe, and the Middle East.

title: Bawe Island

text: Bawe Island is a small island in the Zanzibar Archipelago, in Tanzania. It is located about 10 km offshore Stone Town, the capital of Zanzibar on the island of Unguja. At the end of the 18th century, sultan Barghash ibn Sa'id of Zanzibar gave the island to the Eastern Telegraph Company, that used it as an operation station for the underwater telegraph cable connecting Zanzibar to Seychelles and Aden. This agreement was extended by sultan Khalifa ibn Sa'id in 1889, in favor of Cable & Wireless, that also built houses on the island to accommodate their personnel. Nowadays, Bawe is solely a tourist destination.

title: Pemba Airport (Tanzania)

text: Pemba Airport is an airport in the Zanzibar Archipelago located on Pemba Island. It is also known as Karume Airport and Wawi Airport. It is located about southeast of Chake-Chake, the capital of the island. The Zanzibar government is looking into the possibility of renaming the airport to "Thabit Kombo Jecha" in recognition of his role in the Zanzibar Revolution.

title: Live @ the Zanzibar

text: Live @ the Zanzibar (also titled as Live PA#11: Live @ the Zanzibar) is a live album released on May 12, 2009 by the Washington, D.C.-based go-go band Rare Essence. The album was recorded live on March 18, 2009 at the now defunct music venue "Zanzibar on the Waterfont", formerly located in Southwest, Washington, D.C.

title: Unguja Ukuu

text: Unguja Ukuu is an archeological site on the island of Zanzibar. Zanzibar is located south of the equator, central along the east coast of the African continent. It is positioned 25 miles from land and separated from the African continent by the Zanzibar channel (30–40 m deep). Zanzibar is the largest island of the Zanzibar archipelago. The site of Unguja Ukuu covers 16 hectares and is located between a village and a creek. It lies on the southwestern side of the island. The coordinates for this site are: -6.2987° N, 39.358° E.

title: Stone Town

text: Stone Town, also known as Mji Mkongwe (Swahili for "old town"), is the old part of Zanzibar City, the main city of Zanzibar, in Tanzania. The newer portion of the city is known as Ng'ambo, Swahili for 'the other side'. Stone Town is located on the western coast of Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago. Former capital of the Zanzibar Sultanate, and flourishing centre of the spice trade as well as the slave trade in the 19th century, it retained its importance as the main city of Zanzibar during the period of the British protectorate. When Tanganyika and Zanzibar joined each other to form the United Republic of Tanzania, Zanzibar kept a semi-autonomous status, with Stone Town as its local government seat.

title: Fidel Castro Secondary School

text: Fidel Castro Secondary School is a secondary school located in Wawi village in the district of Chake-Chake on Pemba Island in Tanzania. It was built in 1963 under Sultanate of Zanzibar and by that time was known as Sayyid Khalifa Secondary School to Honour The 9th sultan of Zanzibar Sir Seyyid Khalifa bin Haroub Al-busaidy. It was later changed to Fidel Castro Secondary School after Zanzibar Revolution that threw the sultan and led to People's Republic of Zanzibar.

title: Pungume Lighthouse

text: The Pungume Lighthouse is located on Pungume Island at the south western tip of the Zanzibar Archipelago, in Tanzania. The Lighthouse is a squared stone tower recently painted with black and white stripes. The lighthouse is an important one as it shines into the channel where ships enter the Stone Town harbor. The lighthouse is managed and operated by the Zanzibar Ports Corporation.


query: How many wives did Muhammad have?

title: Muhammad's wives

text: Muhammad was monogamous for 25 years. After his first wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid died, he proceeded to marry the wives listed below, and most of them were widows. Muhammad's life is traditionally delineated as two epochs: pre-hijra (emigration) in Mecca, a city in western Arabia, from the year 570 to 622, and post-hijra in Medina, from 622 until his death in 632. All but two of his marriages were contracted after the Hijra (migration to Medina). Of Muhammad's thirteen wives, at least two, Rayhana bint Zayd and Maria al-Qibtiyya, were referred to simply as concubines;[2][3] however, there is debate among Muslims as to whether these two officially became his wives.[4][5] Of his thirteen wives, only two bore him children, a fact which has been described as "curious" by Cornell University Professor of Near Eastern Studies David S. Powers.[6]

title: Shia view of Fatimah

text: When Fatima was ill with the final sickness which caused her death, the wives of the emigrants and companions of Muhammad went out visit her to ask how she was feeling. In reply to them, after asking for the blessings of God for her father, Muhammad, she said:

title: Aisha

text:
After the daily "Asr" prayer, Muhammad would visit each of his wives' apartments to inquire about their well-being. Muhammad was just in the amount of time he spent with them and attention he gave to them. Once, Muhammad's fifth wife, Zaynab bint Jahsh, received some honey from a relative which Muhammad took a particular liking to. As a result, every time Zaynab offered some of this honey to him he would spend a longer time in her apartment. This did not sit well with Aisha and Hafsa bint Umar.
Soon after this event, Muhammad reported that he had received a revelation in which he was told that he could eat anything permitted by God. Some Sunni commentators on the Qur'an sometimes give this story as the "occasion of revelation" for At-Tahrim, which opens with the following verses: Word spread to the small Muslim community that Muhammad's wives were speaking sharply to him and conspiring against him. Muhammad, saddened and upset, separated from his wives for a month. ‘Umar, Hafsa's father, scolded his daughter and also spoke to Muhammad of the matter. By the end of this time, his wives were humbled; they agreed to "speak correct and courteous words" and to focus on the afterlife.

title: Dua

text: Raising one's hands is an encouraged option. There are many hadith that describe how Muhammad raised his hands during du'a. Some hadith describe him having raised his hands way up high in emergency situations. Many scholars agree that if it is not an extreme situation that Muhammad did not raise his hands above his head. The exact manner that many scholars in Islam describe how high the hands should be raised during a regular Du'a is up to the shoulders with palms placed together.

title: Sallam ibn Mishkam

text: Sallam was among the rabbis who debated with Muhammad. On one occasion, he asked: “Is it true that [the Qur’an] is the truth from God? For our part, we cannot see that it is arranged as the Torah is.” Muhammad protested that the Qur’an could be found in the Torah and that neither man nor jinn could have forged it; and the Jews challenged him: “Bring down to us from Heaven a book that will clearly demonstrate its identity [by its similarity to the Torah], otherwise we will produce one like [the Qur’an].” When no answers to their serious questions were forthcoming, the Jews began to tease Muhammad with facetious questions such as “How did God begin?” and easy ones to which he gave a non-traditional answer, such as “How many plagues did God send on Egypt?” Sallam apparently had a great talent for asking annoying questions and creating confusion “so as to confound the truth with falsehood.”

title: Women in the Quran

text: Muhammad's wives were the first women to follow the practice of veiling with a Hijab. Sura 33:53, commonly called the ""hijab" verse," states that if "believers" want something from Muhammad's wives, they must ask "from behind a "hijab""; it also forbids "believers" from marrying Muhammad's wives after him.

title: Zaynab bint Jahsh

text: Several traditions indicate conflict between Zaynab and her co-wives. She used to boast to them: "You were given in marriage by your families, while I was married (to the Prophet) by Allah from over seven Heavens." Aisha related that the wives were divided into two factions, one led by herself and the other by Umm Salama. Zaynab was allied to Umm Salama, together with Umm Habiba, Juwayriyya and Maymunah. In one quarrel, Zaynab shouted insults at Aisha while Muhammad was present. Aisha retaliated with "hot words until I made her quiet." Muhammad only commented that Aisha was "really the daughter of Abu Bakr." Another time Zaynab refused to lend her spare camel to Safiyya; Muhammad was so angry that he did not speak to Zaynab for over two months. On two occasions, when Muhammad divided a gift of food among all his wives, Zaynab was displeased with her portion and sent it back to him.

title: Criticism of Muhammad

text: Muslims have often pointed out that Muhammad married Khadija (a widow whose age is estimated to have been 40), when he was 25 years old, and remained monogamous to her for more than 24 years until she died. Norman Geisler frames Muhammad's marriages as a question of moral inconsistency, since Muhammad was unwilling to abide by the revealed limit of four wives that he enjoined on other men. The Quran states that the limit of four wives does not apply to Muhammad. Muslims have generally responded that the marriages of Muhammad were not conducted to satisfy worldly desires or lusts, but rather they were done for a higher purpose and due to God's command. Medieval Sufi, Ibn Arabi, sees Muhammad's relationships with his wives as a proof of his superiority amongst men. John Esposito states that polygamy served multiple purposes, including solidifying political alliances among Arab chiefs and marrying widows of companions who died in combat that needed protection.

title: Muhammad's wives

text: Before he left for Medina, it was suggested by Khawlah bint Hakim that he marry Sawda bint Zamʿa, who had suffered many hardships after she became a Muslim. Prior to that, Sawda was married to a paternal cousin of hers named As-Sakran bin ‘Amr, and had five or six sons from her previous marriage. There are disagreements in Muslim tradition whether Muhammad first married Sawda or Aisha. In one account, he married Sawda in Shawwal, when Sawda was about 55 years old, in the tenth year of Prophethood, after the death of Khadija. At about the same period, Aisha was betrothed to him.[26] As Sawda got older, and some time after Muhammad's marriage to Umm Salama,[27] some sources claim that Muhammad wished to divorce Sawda.[28] Still other traditions maintain that Muhammad did not intend to divorce her, but only Sawda feared or thought that he would.[29] As a compromise, or because of her old age, Sawda offered to give her turn of Muhammad's conjugal visits to Aisha, stating that she "was old, and cared not for men; her only desire was to rise on the Day of Judgment as one of his wives".[28] While some Muslim historians cite this story as a reason of revelation for Quran, others like Rashid Rida dispute this whole account as "poorly supported", or mursal.[29]

title: Al-Ahzab

text: Verses 28-34 contain a reference to Muhammad's wives and tell the believers the proper conduct with Muhammad and his household. The prophet's wives are called the Mothers of the Believers and thus have to follow certain rules and regulations as women who are "unlike other women." As such, some scholars have suggested that these rules apply exclusively to only Prophet's wives. According to Shi'a interpretation, verse 33 contains a reference to Ahl al-Bayt (the Event of the Cloak) and Verse of purification.

title: Muhammad's wives

text: Muhammad, fearing public opinion, was initially reluctant to marry Zaynab. The marriage would seem incestuous to their contemporaries because she was the former wife of his adopted son, and adopted sons were considered the same as biological sons.[26] According to Watt, this "conception of incest was bound up with old practices belonging to a lower, communalistic level of familial institutions where a child's paternity was not definitely known; and this lower level was in process being eliminated by Islam."[59] Muhammad's decision to marry Zaynab was an attempt to break the hold of pre-Islamic ideas over men's conduct in society. The Qur'an, however, indicated that this marriage was a duty imposed upon him by God. It implied that treating adopted sons as real sons was objectionable and that there should now be a complete break with the past.[26] Thus Muhammad, confident that he was strong enough to face public opinion, proceeded to reject these taboos.[60] When Zaynab's waiting period was complete, Muhammad married her.[61] An influential faction in Medina, called "Hypocrites" in the Islamic tradition,[62] did indeed criticize the marriage as incestuous.[26] Attempting to divide the Muslim community, they spread rumors as part of a strategy of attacking Muhammad through his wives.[62] According to Ibn Kathir, the relevant Qur'anic verses were a "divine rejection" of the Hypocrites' objections.[62] According to Rodinson, doubters argued the verses were in exact conflict with social taboos and favored Muhammad too much. The delivery of these verses, thus, did not end the dissent.[57]

title: Brigham Young

text: Sources have varied on the number of Young's wives, due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife".[54] There were 55 women that Young was sealed to during his lifetime. While the majority of the sealings were "for eternity", some were "for time only". Researchers believe that not all of the 55 marriages were conjugal.[54] Young did not live with a number of his wives or publicly hold them out as wives, which has led to confusion on the number and identities.[54] This is in part due to the complexity of how wives were identified in the Mormon society at the time.

title: Umm Salama

text: In the fourth year following the migration to Medina (4 AH), Umm Salama accepted a marriage proposal from Muhammad. After sharing her three reservations about the marriage, and hearing the response from Muhammad, Umm Salama was so pleased that she accepted the proposal. Umm Salama became the eldest of all of Muhammad's wives. She became the highest-ranking wife of Muhammad, only behind Khadija. Her elevated status among the rest of the wives was a result of her presence in many wars and her defense of the household of Muhammad. Attributes that distinguish Umm Salama from the rest of the wives of Muhammad include the following: Her role in Fatima al-Zahra's upbringing (most prominent daughter of Muhammad, whom Umm Salama proclaimed displayed more knowledge than ever herself in all affairs), her political activism, her accounts of Muhammad's narrations (378 total narrations of Hadith), and her unwavering defense of Imam Ali's personality and leadership following Muhammad's death.

title: Muhammad's wives

text: Although Muhammad's wives had a special status as Mothers of the Believers, he did not allow them to use his status as a prophet to obtain special treatment in public.[103]

title: Umm Salama

text: The greatest attribute of the wives of Muhammad is demonstrated as being known as the "Mothers of the believers". They were also prohibited from marrying another man ever again. (33:53) The Qur'an indicates that the wives of Muhammad had to be role models in society (33:30-32). She was often looked up to by the rest of the wives of Muhammad due to her intelligence and political knowledge. Umm Salama herself narrated 378 Hadith, among them being some of the most important. She was the last of the wives of Muhammad to pass away.

title: Islam and domestic violence

text:
Scholars and commentators have stated that Muhammad directed men not to hit their wives' faces, not to beat their wives in such a way as would leave marks on their body, and not to beat their wives as to cause pain ("ghayr mubarrih"). Scholars too have stipulated against beating or disfigurement, with others such as the Syrian jurist Ibn Abidin prescribing "ta'zir" punishments against abusive husbands.
In a certain hadidth, Muhammad discouraged beating one's wife severely:

title: Sheikh Muhammad Rashid Bilal

text:
Sheikh Muhammed Rashid was married to nine wives at different times. But this didn’t mean that the sheikh had broken the Islamic code of marriage which allows marrying only four wives at a time. The Islamic code allows the husband to have another wife if one of his wives is dead or if he lost her in divorce. Sheikh Muhammad Rashid was remarried three times because three of his wives were departed from him in death, and he divorced two of them on their own willing.
His wives are (Listed in order of their marriage time).From the 27 children of Sheikh Muhammad Rashid, only 17 of them passed the stage of infancy. They are (according their birth date) Muttaqii, Hanifa, Ahmad Taqi, Ahmad Sadiq, Aliyyu, Israfil, Bahjaa, Rumana, Taqiyyaa, Shamsuddin, Jumana, Iskandar, Mustafa, Su’aad, Muqaddam, Ya’sub and Jihbiz. And from among these children, Ahmad Taqi, Aliyyu and Rumana are diseased and all the rest are alive.

title: Criticism of Muhammad

text: Muhammad is reported to have had mysterious seizures at the moments of inspiration. According to Philip Schaff (1819–1893), during his revelations Muhammad "sometimes growled like a camel, foamed at his mouth, and streamed with perspiration." Welch, a scholar of Islamic studies, in the Encyclopedia of Islam states that the graphic descriptions of Muhammad's condition at these moments may be regarded as genuine, since they are unlikely to have been invented by later Muslims. According to Welch, these seizures should have been the most convincing evidence for the superhuman origin of Muhammad's inspirations for people around him. Others adopted alternative explanations for these seizures and claimed that he was possessed, a soothsayer, or a magician. Welch states it remains uncertain whether Muhammad had such experiences before he began to see himself as a prophet and if so how long did he have such experiences.

title: Ahl al-Bayt

text:
There has been much debate concerning which people constitute "ahl al-bayt". Although there have been many disagreements, there is a consensus amongst Sunni and Shi'a Muslims that the "Ahl al-Kisa" "hadith" refers specifically to Ali, Fatimah, Hasan and Husayn. Mention of the "ahl al-bayt", Muhammad's household, is present in a verse of the Qur'an as follows:
The precise definition of the term in this verse has been subject to varying interpretations. In one tradition, according to which Muhammad's companion Salman al-Farsi is included as a member, it is used to distinguish from the "muhajirun" (Muslim emigrants from Mecca) and "ansar" (Medinan converts to Islam). According to Sunni doctrine, the term includes the wives and dependants of Muhammad, as it addresses them in the preceding verse - an interpretation which is attributed to 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abbas and Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahl, both of whom were companions of Muhammad. This is supported by various traditions attributed to Muhammad wherein he addresses each of his wives as "Ahl al-Bayt". Further members of the household, according to the Sunni perspective, include Ali, Fatimah, Hasan and Husayn, who are mentioned in the tradition of the mantle. Some versions of this tradition recognise Umm Salamah, a wife of Muhammad, as a part of the household. Thus, according to the "Encyclopaedia of Islam", "the current orthodox view is based on a harmonizing opinion, according to which the term "ahl al-bayt" includes the "ahl al-ʿabāʾ", i.e. the Prophet, ʿAlī, Fāṭima, al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥussain, together with the wives of the Prophet." According to Laura Veccia Vaglieri in Encyclopaedia of Islam "there is a story narrated in many traditions according to which Muḥammad sheltered under his cloak, in varying circumstances including the Mubahala, his grandchildren Ḥasan and Hussein, his daughter Fatimah and his son-in-law Ali; and therefore it is these five who are given the title Ahl al-Kisa or "People of the Mantle". Some have attempted to add Muḥammad's wives to the list; however, the number of the privileged is limited to these five."

title: Muhammad's wives

text: Muhammad's wives, or the wives of Muhammad, were the women married to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muslims use the term prominently before or after referring to them as a sign of respect. The term "Mothers of the Believers" is applied to them which is derived from Quran: "The Prophet is closer to the believers than their selves, and his wives are (as) their mothers."[1]

title: Bahá'u'lláh's family

text: Bahá'ís argue that polygamy is an ancient practice and other religions did not require monogamy. Under the Law of Moses a man could take as many wives as he chose. Scholars views and church practices around the world vary about polygamy in Christianity; certainly some have advocated and practiced it across all of Christian history. In the Arabian peninsula Muhammad introduced a limit of four wives; polygamy was unlimited in pre-Islamic Arabia. The Bahá'í Faith slowly introduced monogamy to a region that considered polygamy a righteous lifestyle. Note 89 of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas comments on the verse in question:

title: Shofetim (parsha)

text: The Mishnah interpreted the words "Neither shall he multiply wives to himself" in to limit him to no more than 18 wives. Judah said that he could have more wives, provided that they did not turn away his heart. But Simeon said that he must not marry even one wife who would turn away his heart. The Mishnah concluded that prohibited the king from marrying more than 18 wives, even if they were all as righteous as Abigail the wife of David. The "Gemara" noted that Judah did not always employ the rationale behind a Biblical passage as a basis for limiting its legal effect, as he did here in . The "Gemara" explained that Rabbi Judah employed the rationale behind the law here because itself expounds the rationale behind its legal constraint: The reason behind the command, "he shall not multiply wives to himself," is so "that his heart be not turned aside." Thus Rabbi Judah reasoned that itself restricts the law to these conditions, and a king could have more wives if "his heart be not turned aside." The "Gemara" noted that Simeon did not always interpret a Biblical passage strictly by its plain meaning, as he appeared to do here in . The "Gemara" explained that Simeon could have reasoned that adds the words, "that his heart turn not away," to imply that the king must not marry even a single wife who might turn away his heart. And one could interpret the words "he shall not multiply" to mean that the king must not marry many wives even if they, like Abigail, would never turn away his heart. The "Gemara" then analyzed how the anonymous first view in came to its conclusion that the king could have no more than 18 wives. The "Gemara" noted that refers to the children of six of David's wives born to David in Hebron. The "Gemara" reasoned that the prophet Nathan referred to these six wives in when he said, "And if that were too little, then would I add to you the like of these, and the like of these," each "these" implying six more wives. Thus with the original six, these two additions of six would make 18 in all.

title: Muhammad's wives

text: Some of Muhammad's widows were active politically in the Islamic state after Muhammad's death. Safiyya, for example, aided the Caliph Uthman during his siege.[91] During the first fitna, some wives also took sides. Umm Salama, for example, sided with Ali, and sent her son Umar for help.[100] The last of Muhammad's wives, Umm Salama lived to hear about the tragedy of Karbala in 680, dying the same year.[100] The grave of the wives of Muhammed is located at al-Baqīʿ Cemetery, Medina.

title: A Letter to Three Wives

text: Klempner's novel was "Letter to Five Wives". Two wives were lost in the transition to the screen. At one point, the film was called "A Letter to Four Wives". When submitting the adapted screenplay to 20th Century-Fox chief Darryl F. Zanuck, Joseph L. Mankiewicz mentioned that he found it too long and asked how Zanuck felt about shortening the movie. "Take out one of the wives," Zanuck replied. Originally, the movie would have featured Anne Baxter as Martha. Zanuck did not feel Baxter's segment was as strong as the other three, so it was cut.

title: Muhammad

text: Muhammad performed household chores such as preparing food, sewing clothes, and repairing shoes. He is also said to have had accustomed his wives to dialogue; he listened to their advice, and the wives debated and even argued with him.

title: Muhammad's wives

text: According to a hadith, Muhammad's contemporaries believed that due to Safiyya's high status, it was only befitting that she be manumitted and married to Muhammad.[78] Modern scholars believe that Muhammad married Safiyya as part of reconciliation with the Jewish tribe and as a gesture of goodwill.[79][80] John L. Esposito states that the marriage may have been political or to cement alliances.[81][82] Haykal opines that Muhammad's manumission of and marriage to Safiyaa was partly in order to alleviate her tragedy and partly to preserve their dignity, and compares these actions to previous conquerors who married the daughters and wives of the kings whom they had defeated.[83] According to some, by marrying Safiyyah, Muhammad aimed at ending the enmity and hostility between Jews and Islam.[82]

title: Ahl al-Kisa

text: Some Sunni scholars remark that the "purification verse" was revealed concerning five people: Muhammad, Ali, Fatimah, Hassan and Husayn. Others maintain that the "purification verse" cannot refer to the inerrancy of the Imams because the context in which it occurs relates to the wives of Muhammad and necessitates that it, too, should refer to them, or that at the very least they cannot be excluded from the category it addresses. If it were to imply inerrancy, then the wives of Muhammad would also have to be inerrant, a belief that Sunni scholars do not hold. Shia scholars, however, do believe in the infallibility of Muhammad. Ibn Kathir in his tafsir of the relevant verse says "the [Sunni] scholars are unanimously agreed that [Muhammad's wives] were the reason for revelation in this case...but others may be included by way of generalization."

title: Muhammad's wives

text: Muhammad's first marriage was at the age of 25 to the 40-year-old Khadijah. He was married to one woman until the age of 50, after which he is believed to have had multiple wives for the four reasons explained above. With the exception of Aisha, Muhammad only married widows and divorcées or captives.[15]

title: Muhammad's wives

text: Upon entering Muhammad's household, Safiyya became friends with Aisha and Hafsa. Also, she offered gifts to Fatima. She gave some of Muhammad's other wives gifts from her jewels that she brought with her from Khaybar.[90] However, some of Muhammad's other wives spoke ill of Safiyya's Jewish descent. Muhammad intervened, pointing out to everyone that Safiyya's "husband is Muhammad, father is Aaron, and uncle is Moses", a reference to revered prophets.[91]

title: Islam and domestic violence

text: Some jurists argue that even when beating is acceptable under the Quran, it is still discouraged. Ibn Kathir in concluding his exegesis exhorts men to not beat their wives, quoting a hadith from Muhammad: "Do not hit God's servants" (here referring to women). The narration continues, stating that some while after the edict, "Umar complained to the Messenger of God that many women turned against their husbands. Muhammad gave his permission that the men could hit their wives in cases of rebelliousness. The women then turned to the wives of the Prophet and complained about their husbands. The Prophet said: 'Many women have turned to my family complaining about their husbands. Verily, these men are not among the best of you."


query: Is Ian McDiarmid still alive?

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: Ian McDiarmid (/məkˈdɜːrmɪd/; born 11 August 1944) is a Scottish character actor and director. He has appeared in 47 films since 1976. He portrayed Emperor Palpatine in the Star Wars film series.[1] He has received an Olivier Award for Best Actor and a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performances.

title: Edward II (play)

text: In 1986 Nicholas Hytner directed a production at the Royal Exchange, Manchester with Ian McDiarmid, Michael Grandage, Iain Glen and Duncan Bell.

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: McDiarmid has won praise as an actor and director in British theatre. He has starred in several Shakespeare plays, including Hamlet (1972), The Tempest (1974, 2000), Much Ado About Nothing (1976), Trevor Nunn's 1976 Macbeth (television 1978), The Merchant of Venice (1984) and King Lear (2005). He played Ivanov in Tom Stoppard's play Every Good Boy Deserves Favour at the Mermaid Theatre in 1978.

title: Almeida Theatre

text: In 1990 the Scot Ian McDiarmid and the South African Jonathan Kent took over as joint artistic directors.

title: Hugó Gruber

text: He was the Hungarian dubbing voice of Ian McDiarmid in the "Star Wars Prequel Trilogy", and in "Return of the Jedi" VHS edition, 1992.

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: McDiarmid took an early role as Mickey Hamilton, a killer intent on avenging the death of his wife and child in The Professionals for London Weekend Television. In 1990, he starred in the Inspector Morse episode "Masonic Mysteries" as the psychopathic con man Hugo DeVries. In 1997, McDiarmid played the villain, Ronald Hinks, in the Touching Evil two-part episode "Through the Clouds/The Lost Boys". He played the role of police detective Porfiry Petrovich in the BBC's 2002 adaptation of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment. In 2003, McDiarmid took the role of the Stuart statesman Edward Hyde, in the BBC series Charles II: The Power and The Passion.

title: Changes in Star Wars re-releases

text: In "The Empire Strikes Back", the Emperor appears via hologram. In the original theatrical 1980 release, he was portrayed by Marjorie Eaton under heavy makeup and voiced by Clive Revill. The Emperor was later played by Ian McDiarmid in "Return of the Jedi", and McDiarmid reprised the role for the prequel trilogy. To reflect this, the 2004 DVD release of "The Empire Strikes Back" replaced the woman with McDiarmid and new dialogue was written.

title: Artist Descending a Staircase

text: In January 2016, BBC Radio 3 revived the play with a cast that included Derek Jacobi, Ian McDiarmid, Geoffrey Whitehead and Pippa Nixon.

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: {{IBDB name}} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata. on IMDb at the TCM Movie Database at AllMovie

title: Palpatine

text: McDiarmid's performance as Palpatine was generally well received by critics. Todd McCarthy of Variety commented, "Entertaining from start to finish and even enthralling at times, 'Sith' has some acting worth writing home about, specifically McDiarmid's dominant turn as the mastermind of the evil empire."[80] Ed Halter of The Village Voice wrote that "Ian McDiarmid's unctuous Emperor turns appropriately vampiric as he attempts to draw Anakin into the Sith fold with promises of eternal life."[81] Still, his performance was not without detractors; David Edelstein of Slate critiqued, "McDiarmid isn't the subtlest of satanic tempters. With his lisp and his clammy little leer, he looks like an old queen keen on trading an aging butt-boy (Count Dooku) for fresh meat — which leaves Anakin looking more and more like a 15-watt bulb."[82] McDiarmid had expressed interest in reprising the role of Palpatine in the planned Star Wars: Underworld TV series,[83] which remains un-produced.

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: He portrayed Harry Hackamore in Sam Shepard's play Seduced. McDiarmid described Hackamore as a Howard Hughes-type character. To play the part, he was made up in prosthetics, including a false beard and long fingernails. McDiarmid was only 37 at the time, and this convinced George Lucas and Richard Marquand that he could convincingly play a much older character in extreme cinematic close-up, which helped him land the role of Palpatine.[9]

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: In September 2016, McDiarmid starred in the audio podcast drama series . He played Cuttings, a ham radio buff who picks up a mysterious voice (Joy McAvoy) coming from an abandoned amusement park.

title: David McDiarmid

text: In 1986, still in New York, McDiarmid was diagnosed HIV positive and decided to return to Australia. Back in Sydney McDiarmid devoted himself to producing art which raised awareness of the AIDS epidemic and empowered those who were HIV positive. His influential one-person exhibition focussing on the sexual and cultural politics of AIDS, 'Kiss of Light', was held at the Syme Dodson Gallery, Sydney in 1991. This exhibition inspired the AIDS Council of New South Wales to commission from McDiarmid a series of five safe sex and safe injecting posters which were launched at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney, in April 1992.

title: Lankester Merrin

text: In the 2014 BBC Radio dramatisation, Merrin is voiced by Ian McDiarmid.

title: Gorky Park (film)

text: The main stars of the film are William Hurt as Arkady Renko, Lee Marvin as Jack Osborne, Joanna Pacula as Irina Asanova, Rikki Fulton as Major Pribluda, Brian Dennehy as William Kirwill, Ian McDiarmid as Professor Andreev, Michael Elphick as Pasha and Ian Bannen as Prosecutor Iamskoy. James Horner wrote the score. Ralf D. Bode was cinematographer.

title: McDiarmid Park

text: St Johnstone enjoyed great success when the stadium first opened. The club won promotion to the Premier Division in their first season at McDiarmid. In the first season back in the top flight, the average attendance at McDiarmid was 6,000, approximately three times what it had been at Muirton. These high attendances led the club to create space for another 600 seats, raising the capacity to over 10,700. A record home attendance of 10,721 was set by a home game against Rangers on 26 February 1991. McDiarmid Park also hosted matches of the Scotland under-21 team and the Scotland women's national team. By the mid-1990s, however, attendances had drifted down to below 4,000, although this was still nearly double what they had been at Muirton.

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: He has also worked with the Star Wars expanded universe as the voice of Palpatine in the video game adaptations of The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back and Super Star Wars: Return of the Jedi. McDiarmid made a small appearance during Celebration Europe. On 23–26 August 2012, he attended Celebration VI in Orlando, Florida and had his own show titled The Phantom Menace: Ian McDiarmid, hosted by James Arnold Taylor, in which he talked about his experience working on Star Wars and how he landed the role of Palpatine. Ian McDiarmid also voiced a pig version of Palpatine for a promo video on Angry Birds Star Wars II, entitled "Join the Pork Side".[17]

title: Royal Exchange, Manchester

text: Nicholas Hytner (1985–1989), Ian McDiarmid (1986–1988) and Phyllida Lloyd (1990–1991).

title: David McDiarmid

text: David McDiarmid one-person shows brokered, curated, or co-curated by Dr Sally Gray include: ‘David McDiarmid: A Short History of Facial Hair’, The Fashion Space Gallery, London College of Fashion, University of the Arts, London (2011); ‘David McDiarmid: Rainbow Aphorisms’, Neon Parc, Melbourne (2012); the major retrospective exhibition, 'David McDiarmid: When This You See Remember Me’, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne (2014); and ‘David McDiarmid: Toxic Queen’, Neon Parc Melbourne (2016).

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: In the 2004 re-release of The Empire Strikes Back, a brief scene between Darth Vader and a hologram of Emperor Palpatine was updated to include McDiarmid. The Emperor was originally voiced by Clive Revill for that scene, and visually portrayed by Marjorie Eaton.[14][15][16] With this addition to The Empire Strikes Back, McDiarmid has now appeared in every live-action film version in which Palpatine appears.

title: Steven McNicoll

text: In 2017 he played Biesenthal in "Marathon Man" with Ian McDiarmid for Radio 4.

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: From 1990, McDiarmid and Jonathan Kent served as the artistic directors of the Almeida Theatre in Islington, London, gaining the commitment of prominent actresses such as Glenda Jackson and Claire Bloom for their productions.[4] The two men resigned in 2001 with the venue in good shape.[5] In 1998, they shared the Special Evening Standard Award for Theatrical Achievement of the Year. Their tenure was marked by a string of highly successful performances involving actors such as Kevin Spacey and Ralph Fiennes.[6] While connected with the Almeida, McDiarmid directed plays such as Venice Preserv'd (1986) and Hippolytus (1991). In 2002, McDiarmid won Almeida Theatre's Critic's Circle Award for Best Actor for his role as Teddy in a revival of Brian Friel's Faith Healer. Five years later in 2006, he reprised this role in his debut on Broadway.[7] Directed by Kent, he performed alongside Ralph Fiennes and Cherry Jones, and won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play. From April to June 2012, he played the title role in Timon of Athens at Chicago Shakespeare Theater.[8]

title: Rivers of Blood speech

text: In April 2018 the BBC announced that Archive on 4 would transmit "50 Years On: Rivers of Blood", a programme marking the 50th anniversary of the speech. Ian McDiarmid would read the entire speech, the first time it would be broadcast on British radio, and it would be discussed and analysed. In the days before the broadcast, there was criticism from a number of commentators of the BBC's decision to broadcast the still-controversial speech.

title: Faith Healer

text: Jonathan Kent revived the play again for the Gate Theatre in Dublin early in 2006, this time with Ralph Fiennes, Ingrid Craigie and Ian McDiarmid. This production opened on Broadway at the Booth Theatre on 4 May 2006, with Cherry Jones as Grace. On Broadway it received four Tony Award nominations and won the Best Featured Actor in a Play, Ian McDiarmid.

title: Andrew McGibbon

text: In part due to Richardson's death in 2007, plans for a television transfer were abandoned. However, a radio sequel – "The Pickerskill Reports" – aired on BBC Radio 4 in four parts from 28 August 2009. It starred Ian McDiarmid in the Pickerskill role, with support by Thomas Brodie Sangster, Tony Gardner and Philip Madoc. Moira Petty of "The Stage" praised it by saying that "Ian McDiarmid has stepped brilliantly into the central role." Gillian Reynolds of "The Sunday Telegraph", reviewing the second series in 2011, called it "scorchingly funny". This second series added Sheridan Smith to the cast.

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: However, fearing his father's disapproval, McDiarmid attended Queens College, Dundee, (now the University of Dundee, but then a constituent part of the University of St Andrews), where he received a M.A. in psychology. Soon after, he decided to pursue a career in the theatre instead, and took acting training courses at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow.

title: Faith Healer

text: It was revived in London in 2001 by the Almeida Theatre, in a production by Jonathan Kent. The cast consisted of Ken Stott, Geraldine James and Ian McDiarmid. McDiarmid won the 2001 Critics' Circle Best Actor Award for this role.

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: In 1968, McDiarmid received a gold medal for his work, the first of many recognitions given to him for his work in the theatre. McDiarmid claimed he became its recipient "by doing all the boring jobs you have to do when you are young, to eke out an existence."[3]

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: McDiarmid was born in Carnoustie, Scotland. He became a theatre aficionado when he was five years old, when his father took him to see an act named Tommy Morgan at a theatre in Dundee. In 2004, he stated, "It sort of fascinated me, and it also scared me. All those lights, all that make-up. I said to myself, 'I don't know what this is, but I want it.'"[2]

title: Ian McDiarmid

text: McDiarmid played intelligence chief LeClerc in a 2009 BBC Radio dramatization of John le Carré's The Looking Glass War.


query: Who holds the most records in cricket?

title: List of One Day International cricket records

text: The trend of countries to increase the number of ODI matches they play means that the aggregate lists are dominated by modern players, though this trend is reversing as teams play more Twenty20 Internationals. Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar has scored the most runs in ODIs with a total of 18,426. Sri Lankan spinner Muttiah Muralitharan is the highest ODI wicket-taker with a total of 534 wickets. The record for most dismissals by a wicket-keeper is held by Kumar Sangakkara of Sri Lanka while the record for most catches by a fielder is held by Sri Lankan Mahela Jayawardene.

title: Kent County Cricket Club

text: Frank Woolley, who played for Kent between 1906 and 1938, holds the record for the most appearances, most career runs and most runs in a season for the county. He is the only man to score more than 100 centuries for Kent with 122 and is the county's fifth leading wicket taker. Bill Ashdown holds the record for the highest score for the county with 332 runs against Essex in 1934. He is one of only two men to have scored a triple-century for Kent, with two to his name, the other being Sean Dickson who scored 318 against Northants in 2017.[121][122]

title: Tahir Rasheed (cricketer)

text: Tahir Rasheed is a Pakistani cricketer who hold the record for a wicket-keeper to dismiss most number of batsmen (9 dismissals, 8 caught and 1 stumped) in an innings in first-class cricket, for Habib Bank against Pakistan Automobiles Corporation at Gujranwala in 1992-93.

title: List of Somerset County Cricket Club players with 100 or more first-class or List A appearances

text: Englishmen Peter Denning and Graham Rose, jointly hold the record for most List A appearances for Somerset, while Marcus Trescothick holds the record for the most runs in one-day cricket for Somerset, with 7,374 from his twenty-one years with the county. Barbadian Hallam Moseley ranks as the top wicket-taker, claiming 309 wickets in one-day cricket, nine more than England Test cricketer Ian Botham.

title: List of England Test cricket records

text: Sri Lankan bowler Muttiah Muralitharan holds the record for taking the most wickets in Test cricket with 800, followed by Australia's Shane Warne who previously held the record with 708. James Anderson of England is fourth on the list with 570 Test wickets to his name and in September 2018 he passed Australia's Glenn McGrath to become the fast bowler with the most Test wickets. Stuart Broad, with 433, is the second highest England Test wicket-taker and equal eighth overall.

title: List of Kent County Cricket Club first-class cricket records

text: Frank Woolley holds the Kent record for the most catches by a non-wicket-keeper with 773 taken during his long career with the county. James Seymour is the only other man to take more than 500 catches with 659. Chris Tavaré holds the record for the most catches in a season for Kent with 48 taken in 1978. Seymour took 40 or more catches for the county six times during his career.Kent are known for having produced a line of top-class wicketkeepers. The long-serving Fred Huish holds the record for the most career dismissals for the county. Huish's nine stumpings in one match in 1911 are a world record.

title: Fred Huish

text: Frederick Henry Huish (15 November 1869 – 16 March 1957), known as Fred Huish, was an English professional cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper for Kent County Cricket Club in the period before the First World War. Huish played over 450 times for Kent and was part of the sides which won four County championship titles in the Golden Age of cricket leading up to the war. He holds the record for the most dismissals by a wicket-keeper in first-class cricket who did not play a Test match.

title: Frank Griffith (cricketer)

text: Frank Griffith also had a most important spell as an opening bowler for the middlesex premier division team of Winchmore Hill Cricket Club He opened the bowling with various players including Surry's Carlos Remi and captain Neal Avent, who holds the club's record for 1st 11 premier league games. Griffith currently holds the best lifetime bowling average for the club.

title: John Howarth (cricketer)

text: John Stirling Howarth (born 26 March 1945) is a former English county cricketer who played for Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club. A right-arm fast-medium bowler of some success, he is believed to hold the unfortunate record of most first-class matches played without scoring a run.

title: List of England Test cricket records

text: Graeme Smith, who led the South African cricket team from 2003 to 2014, holds the record for the most matches played as captain in Test cricket with 109. Allan Border, who skippered Australia from 1984 to 1994 is second with 93 matches. England's captain from 2010 to 2016, Alastair Cook, is seventh on the list with 59 matches.

title: List of Pakistan Test cricket records

text: Bradman holds the Test record for the most double centuries scored with twelve, one ahead of Sri Lanka's Kumar Sangakkara who finished his career with eleven. In third is Brian Lara of the West Indies with nine. England's Wally Hammond and Mahela Jayawardene of Sri Lanka both scored seven, and Miandad and Younis Khan are two of six cricketers who reached the mark on six occasions.

title: List of Cricket World Cup records

text:
While records for best fielders have varied through different World Cups, the records for wicketkeepers have been occupied by Kumar Sangakkara who holds the record for most dismissals overall and Adam Gilchrist which holds the record for most dismissals by a wicketkeeper in one tournament and in one match.
An extra is a run scored by a means other than a batsman hitting the ball. Other than runs scored off the bat from a no-ball, a batsman is not given credit for extras and the extras are tallied separately on the scorecard and count only towards the team's score.

title: Australia national cricket team

text: Charles Bannerman faced the first ball in Test cricket, scored the first runs in Test cricket and also scored the first Test century.[54] Charles Bannerman also scored 67.34% of the Australian first innings total in match 1. This record remains to this day as the highest percentage of a completed innings total that has been scored by a single batsman.[55] Ricky Ponting has scored the most runs for Australia in Test cricket with 13,378 runs. Allan Border is second with 11,174 runs in 265 innings while Steve Waugh has 10,927 in 260 innings.[56] Allan Border was the first Australian batsman to pass 10,000 and 11,000 Test runs. Ricky Ponting was the first Australian batsman to pass 12,000 and 13,000 Test runs. Matthew Hayden holds the record for the most runs in a single innings by an Australian with 380 in the first Test against Zimbabwe in Perth in October 2003. Donald Bradman holds the record for the highest average by an Australian (or any other) cricketer of 99.94 runs per dismissal. Bradman played 52 Tests, scoring 29 centuries and a further 13 fifties.[57] Ricky Ponting holds the record for the most centuries by an Australian cricketer with 41. Former Australian captain Steve Waugh is in second position with 32 centuries from 260 innings.[58] Allan Border holds the record for the most fifties by an Australian cricketer with 63 in 265 innings.[58] Adam Gilchrist holds the record for the fastest century by an Australian. Glenn McGrath holds the record for the most ducks by an Australian cricketer with 35 in 138 innings.[59]

title: Laurie Bandy

text: Bandy did not play any further first-class matches. At grade cricket level, holds several records for the Joondalup Cricket Club (previously the North Perth Cricket Club), including the most appearances (273 between the 1930–31 and 1951–52 seasons), and most career runs (8,267). Overall, Bandy played 309 grade cricket matches, the fourth-most of all-time, scoring 9,458 runs, the equal fourth-most of all-time. He later married a granddaughter of Wally Watts, a noted sportsman who represented Midland-Guildford on the committee of the Western Australian Cricket Association (WACA), and was also a brother-in-law of Ted Tyson, a footballer. Bandy died at his house in Scarborough in 1984.

title: List of Australia Test cricket records

text: Graeme Smith, who led the South African cricket team from 2003 to 2014, holds the record for the most matches played as captain in Test cricket with 109. Allan Border, who skippered Australia from 1984 to 1994 is second with 93 matches. New Zealand's captain from 1997 to 2006, Stephen Fleming, is third on the list with 80 and in fourth on 77 is Australia's Ricky Ponting who led the side for six years from 2004 to 2010.

title: List of Pakistan Test cricket records

text: Bert Oldfield, Australia's fifth-most capped wicket-keeper, holds the record for most stumpings in Test cricket with 52. He is followed by England's Godfrey Evans with 46 to his name. Indian glovemen Syed Kirmani and MS Dhoni are both equal third on 38 and Gilchrist is fifth on the list with 37. Bari, Pakistan's most capped wicket-keeper, is eighth in the list for most stumpings in Test cricket with 27.

title: Maninder Singh (cricketer)

text: Maninder Singh (born 13 June 1965, in Pune, India) is a former international cricket player who represented India in 35 Test matches and 59 One Day Internationals. Singh holds the Test record for the most tests in a complete career without aggregating 100 runs. With his slow left-arm orthodox spin, Maninder was considered as an heir to Bishan Singh Bedi, who then held the record as India's leading spinner in terms of wickets. Maninder Singh has the most phenomenal bowling records in international cricket and retired prematurely due to personal reasons.

title: List of Pakistan Test cricket records

text:
Wasim Akram, regarded as "one of the greatest left-arm bowlers in the history of world cricket", holds several Test records. He holds the record for the most Test wickets (414) as well as the record for the most number of five wickets per innings (25) for Pakistan. Akram also holds the record of highest individual score batting at number 8 (257 not out) in Test cricket. This feat was achieved in 1996 playing against Zimbabwe . Abdul Qadir's nine wickets for 56 runs, against England at Gaddafi Stadium in 1987, is the best bowling figures in an innings by a Pakistani bowler. 14 wickets for 116 runs by Imran Khan against Sri Lanka in 1982 at the same ground is the best bowling performance in a Test by a Pakistani player. He also holds the record for best bowling average for Pakistan with 22.81. Younis Khan took 139 catches from 118 matches as fielder, the most by a Pakistani and twelfth-highest overall. Wasim Bari is Pakistan's most successful wicket-keeper having taken 228 dismissals; he is eleventh in the list of most number of dismissals in Test cricket.
The top five records are listed for each category, except in "team wins, losses, and draws" and "highest wicket partnerships". Tied records for the fifth place are listed as well. Explanations of the general symbols and cricketing terms used in the list are given below. Specific details are provided in each category where appropriate.

title: List of Pakistan Test cricket records

text: Graeme Smith, who led the South African cricket team from 2003 to 2014, holds the record for the most matches played as captain in Test cricket with 109. Allan Border, the man who skippered Australia from 1984 to 1994 is second with 93 matches. New Zealand's captain from 1997 to 2006, Stephen Fleming, is third on the list with 80 and in fourth on 77 is Australia's Ricky Ponting who led the side for six years from 2004 to 2010. Pakistan's Misbah-ul-Haq is ninth in the list along with Sri Lankan Arjuna Ranatunga.

title: Australia national cricket team

text: Billy Midwinter picked up the first five-wicket haul in a Test innings in match 1.[60] Fred Spofforth performed Test cricket's first hat-trick by dismissing Vernon Royle, Francis McKinnon and Tom Emmett in successive balls.[61] Fred Spofforth also took the first 10-wicket match haul in Test cricket.[61] Shane Warne holds the record for the most wickets by an Australian cricketer with 708 wickets in 145 Test matches.[62] Arthur Mailey holds the record for the best bowling figures in an innings by an Australian cricketer with 9/121 against England in February 1921.[63] Bob Massie holds the record for the best bowling figures in a match by an Australian cricketer with 16/137 against England in June 1972. That was also his first Test match for Australia.[64] J. J. Ferris holds the record for the best bowling average by an Australian bowler, taking 61 wickets at 12.70 in his career.[64][65] Clarrie Grimmett holds the record for the most wickets in a Test series with 44 against South Africa in 1935–36.[66]

title: India national cricket team

text: Sachin Tendulkar, who began playing for India as a 16-year-old in 1989 and has since become the most prolific run-scorer in the history of both Test and ODI cricket, holds a large number of national batting records. He holds the record of most appearances in both Tests and ODIs, most runs in both Tests and ODIs and most centuries in Tests and ODIs. The highest score by an Indian is the 319 scored by Virender Sehwag in Chennai. It is the second triple century in Test cricket by an Indian, the first being a 309 also made by Sehwag although against Pakistan. The team's highest ever score was a 759/7 against England at MA Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai in 2016, while its lowest was 42 against England in 1974. In ODIs, the team's highest score is 418/5 against West Indies at Indore in 2011–12. India score 413–5 in a match against Bermuda in 2007 World Cup which is the highest score ever in Cricket World Cup history. In the same match, India set a world record of the highest winning margin in an ODI match of 257 runs.

title: Babar Azam

text: Mohammad Babar Azam (; born 15 October 1994) is an international Pakistani cricketer who plays in all three formats for Pakistan. He captained the Pakistan Under-19 cricket team at the 2012 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He also holds the record of scoring most runs after first 25 ODI Innings by any batsman in the world. Azam is currently the No. 1 T20I batsman and holds the world record of being the fastest batsman to score 1,000 runs (in just 26 innings) in T20I cricket breaking Virat Kohli's record of 27 innings.

title: Chamari Atapattu

text: She is also the only Sri Lankan woman cricketer to score an ODI century, doing this four times in her career. She holds the record for scoring the most number of ODI centuries and fifties for Sri Lanka in women's cricket history. She also holds the record for the highest WODI score for Sri Lanka, with 178 not out. She has the highest ODI average for Sri Lanka in women's cricket.She is also the only Sri Lankan woman cricketer to score an ODI hundred as well as having scored most runs in an innings at a strike rate of over 100.She was the third woman cricketer in the world to be dismissed for 99 in an ODI innings.

title: List of England Test cricket records

text: Steve Bucknor of the West Indies holds the record for the most Test matches umpired with 128. He is followed by the currently active Aleem Dar from Pakistan who has stood in 123 Test matches and South Africa's Rudi Koertzen who officiated in 108. The most experienced Englishman is David Shepherd who is fifth on the list with 92 Test matches umpired. Dickie Bird, who previously held the record with 66 Tests, is currently eleventh .

title: List of Pakistan Test cricket records

text: Shane Warne held the record for the most Test wickets with 708 until December 2007 when Sri Lankan bowler Muttiah Muralitharan passed Warne's milestone. Muralitharan, who continued to play until 2010, finished with 800 wickets to his name. India's Anil Kumble is third on the list taking 610 wickets and Glenn McGrath of Australia with 563 holds the record for most wickets by a fast bowler in Test cricket. Wasim Akram is the highest wicket taker for Pakistan with 414.

title: Australia national cricket team

text: Ricky Ponting holds the record for the most catches in a career by an Australian fielder with 196 in 168 matches.[67] Jack Blackham performed the first stumping in Test cricket in match 1.[60] Adam Gilchrist holds the record for the most dismissals in a career by an Australian wicketkeeper with 416 in 96 matches.

title: List of India women Twenty20 International cricketers

text: Harmanpreet Kaur has made the most appearances for India with 68 matches, while Mithali Raj has captained the team on 32 occasions. The latter holds multiple records for Indiamost runs (1,708), highest average (37.95) and most half-centuries (10). Jhulan Goswami holds the Indian record for the highest number of wickets (50), best average (20.90) and best bowling figures in an innings (five wickets for eleven runs) in the format. Along with Priyanka Roy, Goswami is among the eleven players who have taken a five-wicket haul in women's Twenty20 Internationals. Kaur holds the Indian record for the highest individual score in an innings (77) and most catches (27), while Sulakshana Naik holds the record for the most dismissals for an Indian wicket-keeper10 catches and 21 stumpings. At 16 years and 204 days, Sneha Deepthi was the youngest player to represent India in WT20Is.

title: List of England Test cricket records

text: Opening batsman and former captain Alastair Cook holds several England Test cricket records. Playing between 2006 and 2018, he scored 12,472 runs, making him the only England player to score 10,000 Test runs. He scored a record 57 half-centuries and 33 centuries. As a slip fielder, Cook has also taken the most catches for England with 175 and holds the England record for the most catches taken in Test series with 13. Captaining his side from 2010 until he stood down in 2016, Cook holds the record for the most matches played as English skipper with 59, the Test record for the most consecutive matches played with 159 and the record for the most matches played for England with 161.

title: Boundary (cricket)

text:
The record for most sixes in a Test match innings is 12, which was achieved by Pakistani all-rounder Wasim Akram during an innings of 257 not out against Zimbabwe in October 1996 at Sheikhupura. The One Day International record for most sixes hit in an innings is held by Rohit Sharma who hit 16 sixes against Australia in Bengaluru on 2 November 2013 in his innings of 209 off 158 balls.
Brendon McCullum currently holds the record for most sixes in a Test career with 107. Shahid Afridi holds the record for most sixes in an ODI career (351 in 398 matches, 369 innings, on his retirement).

title: Estonia national cricket team

text: The founder of the Estonian Cricket Association (ECA) is Barry Jason, who holds the world record for the most countries played in by one person, 128 in total. Estonians who have recently made the grade as international players include Andres Burget, Glebs Bihanovs, Andrus Kämbre, and Kristjan Kogerman.

title: List of Australia Test cricket records

text:
Shane Warne, regarded as one of the best bowlers in the history of the game, holds several Test records. He held the record for the most Test wickets with 708 until December 2007 when Sri Lankan bowler Muttiah Muralitharan passed Warne's milestone. Warne is second only to Muralitharan in taking the most five-wicket hauls in an innings and the most ten-wicket hauls in a Test match. Glenn McGrath, who took 563 wickets in his career, is second only to England's James Anderson for the most wickets taken by a fast bowler in Test cricket. Adam Gilchrist is Australia's most successful wicket-keeper having taken 416 dismissals. He is second only to South Africa's Mark Boucher with 555 to his name. Allan Border, who made his Test debut in 1978 and captained Australia from 1984 until his retirement in 1994, holds the Australian record for the most consecutive matches played with 153 and the record for the most matches played as skipper for Australia with 93.
The top five records are listed for each category, except for the team wins, losses, draws and ties and the partnership records. Tied records for fifth place are also included. Explanations of the general symbols and cricketing terms used in the list are given below. Specific details are provided in each category where appropriate.
, Australia has played 818 Test matches resulting in 384 victories, 222 defeats, 210 draws and 2 ties for an overall winning percentage of 46.94, the highest winning percentage of Test playing teams. Australia has played the second-highest number of Test matches, behind England who have competed in 1,007. Australia has never lost or drawn a match against Zimbabwe, the only team to do so. Australia is also the only team to win their debut Test match with every other team losing their first Test except Zimbabwe who drew against India.