query: How many remaining British colonies or territories are there?

title: British Overseas Territories

text: The British Overseas Territories (BOTs) or United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are 14 territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom.[1][2] They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories. These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and, with the exception of Gibraltar, are not part of the European Union. Most of the permanently inhabited territories are internally self-governing, with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations. Three are inhabited only by a transitory population of military or scientific personnel. They all share the British monarch (Elizabeth II) as head of state.

title: Oregon Treaty

text: The Oregon Treaty set the U.S. and British North American border at the 49th parallel with the exception of Vancouver Island, which was retained in its entirety by the British. Vancouver Island, with all coastal islands, was constituted as the Colony of Vancouver Island in 1849. The U.S. portion of the region was organized as Oregon Territory on August 15, 1848, with Washington Territory being formed from it in 1853. The British portion remained unorganized until 1858 when the Colony of British Columbia was declared as a result of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush and fears of re-asserted American expansionist intentions. The two British colonies were amalgamated in 1866 as the United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia. When the Colony of British Columbia joined Canada in 1871, the 49th Parallel and marine boundaries established by the Oregon Treaty became the Canada–US border.

title: Canada under British rule

text: The Royal Proclamation of 1763 enlarged the colony of Canada under the name of the Province of Quebec, which with the "Constitutional Act 1791" became known as the Canadas. With the "Act of Union 1840", Upper and Lower Canada were joined to become the United Province of Canada. Later, with Confederation in 1867, the British maritime colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were joined with the Province of Canada to form the Dominion of Canada, which was subsequently divided into four provinces: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. A number of other British colonies, such as Newfoundland and British Columbia, and large territories such as Rupert's Land, initially remained outside the newly formed federation. Over time, the remaining colonies and territories of British North America were joined to Canada until the current geographic extent of the country was reached when Newfoundland and Labrador joined Canada in 1949.

title: Self-governing colony

text: In 1981, under the British Nationality Act 1981 and reflecting the change in status toward devolved self-government (and depriving colonials of the rights of abode and work in the United Kingdom), self-governing and Crown colonies were renamed "British Dependent Territories". This terminology caused offence to both loyalists and nationalists in the territories and was changed in 2002, by the means of the British Overseas Territories Act 2002, to British Overseas Territories.

title: Declaratory Act

text: Despite British recognition in 1783 of the independence of the United States, the Declaratory Act remained in force for the British Empire's remaining colonies in the western hemisphere. The Act was not repealed until 1964, by which time the handful of remaining British colonies in the West Indies were governed under constitutions explicitly granted under the authority of Parliament (in particular by the West Indies Act 1962). However, since the Taxation of Colonies Act 1778 passed during the American Revolution, the British Parliament has never again attempted to directly impose taxation upon any of its colonies (today known as British overseas territories). Instead, whenever the British government perceived a need for colonial contributions towards the defence of the Empire (such as happened during the Anglo-German naval arms race of the early 20th century), it appealed to the colonial governments themselves to make those contributions, with varying levels of success.

title: New South Wales

text: The Colony of New South Wales was founded as a penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825. The colony also included the island territories of New Zealand, Van Diemen's Land, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island. During the 19th century, most of the colony's area was detached to form separate British colonies that eventually became New Zealand and the various states and territories of Australia. However, the Swan River Colony has never been administered as part of New South Wales.

title: Italian Libya

text: The colony expanded after concessions from the British colony of Sudan and a territorial agreement with Egypt. The Kufra district was nominally attached to British-occupied Egypt until 1925, but in fact remained a headquarters for the Senussi resistance until conquered by the Italians in 1931. The Kingdom of Italy at the 1919 Paris "Conference of Peace" received nothing from German colonies, but as a compensation Great Britain gave it the Oltre Giuba and France agreed to give some Saharan territories to Italian Libya.

title: History of nationality in Gibraltar

text: Gibraltar has been commonly referred to as 'the only remaining colony in Europe' up to the present. However, the British Nationality Act 1981 formally changed Gibraltar's status from a colony to a British overseas territory. Furthermore, in 2006 the term 'colony' was removed from the Gibraltar Constitution.

title: Crown colony

text: Crown colony, dependent territory or royal colony were dependent territories under the administration of United Kingdom overseas territories that were controlled by the British Government. As such they are examples of dependencies that are under colonial rule. Crown colonies were renamed "British Dependent Territories" in 1981, and since 2002, Crown colonies have been known officially as British Overseas Territories.

title: British colonization of the Americas

text: Three types of colonies were established in the English overseas possessions in America of the 17th century and continued into the British Empire at the height of its power in the 17th century. These were charter colonies, proprietary colonies, and royal colonies. A group of 13 British American colonies collectively broke from the British Empire in the 1770s through a successful revolution, establishing the modern United States. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–15), the remaining British territories in North America were slowly granted more responsible government. In 1838 the Durham Report recommended full responsible government for Canada, but this was not fully implemented for another decade. Eventually, with the Confederation of Canada, the Canadian colonies were granted significant autonomy and became a self-governing Dominion in 1867. Other colonies in the Americas followed at a much slower pace. In this way, two countries in North America, ten in the Caribbean, and one in South America have received their independence from Great Britain or the later United Kingdom. All of these, except the United States, are members of the Commonwealth of Nations and nine are Commonwealth realms. The eight current British overseas territories in the Americas have varying degrees of self-government.

title: British Kaffraria

text: The territory came under British rule in the 19th century. However, there was great disagreement on how it should be governed, with the Cape Colony being reluctant to take responsibility for its administration. Its status therefore changed several times before it finally became part of the Cape Colony.

title: British Overseas Territories citizen

text: All other colonials not already resident in the UK or the Crown Dependencies lost the rights of abode and work in the UK when the Act went into force. This caused anger in the affected colonies as the Act, which resulted from the desire to prevent ethnic-Chinese people in Hong Kong with UK and Colonies Citizenship from migrating to the UK prior to the planned 1997 hand-over of the colony to China, was seen as racist, especially as those colonials in affected colonies who possessed a qualifying connection to the UK sufficient to retain either British citizenship or a "right to remain" (in the UK) notification in their BDTC passports were usually white. The former colonials also objected to being described as "dependent", especially in Bermuda, which had been self-reliant virtually since 1612, and largely self-governed since 1620. This resentment was exacerbated when full British citizenship was returned to Gibraltarians, ensuring that those from territories perceived as having negligible non-white populations retained free movement into the UK, with rights of abode and work, as did many of the whites in the remaining "coloured" colonies. Most non-whites in those remaining territories, by contrast, could only enter the UK as short-term visitors (with a date stamped in their passports by which they must exit) or with difficult-to-obtain entry clearances.

title: Cape of Good Hope

text: During the Napoleonic Wars, the Dutch Republic was occupied by the French in 1795. Thus the Cape Colony became a French vassal and enemy of the British. Therefore, the United Kingdom invaded and occupied the Cape Colony that same year. The British relinquished control of the territory in 1803 but returned and reoccupied the Colony on 19 January 1806 following the Battle of Blaauwberg. The Dutch ceded the territory to the British in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 The Cape was then administered as the Cape Colony and it remained a British colony until it was incorporated into the independent Union of South Africa in 1910 (now known as the Republic of South Africa).

title: History of Western civilization

text: By the close of the 20th century, the European colonial Empires had ceased to exist as significant global entities. Sunset for the British Empire came when Britain's lease on the great trading port of Hong Kong was brought to end, and political control was transferred to the People's Republic of China in 1997. Soon after, in 1999 Transfer of sovereignty over Macau was concluded between Portugal and China, bringing to a close six centuries of Portuguese colonialism. Britain remained culturally linked to its former empire through the voluntary association of the Commonwealth of Nations, and 14 British Overseas Territories remained (formerly known as Crown colonies), consisting mainly of scattered island outposts. Currently, 16 independent Commonwealth realms retain the British monarch as their head of state. Canada, Australia and New Zealand emerged as vibrant and prosperous migrant nations. The once vast French colonial empire had lost its major possessions though a scattered territories remained as Overseas departments and territories of France. The shrunken Dutch Empire retained a few Caribbean islands as constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Spain had lost its overseas possessions, but its legacy was vast - with Latin culture remaining throughout South and Central America. Along with Portugal and France, Spain had made Catholicism a global religion.

title: History of Lae

text: On 9 January 1915 command of the colony was handed over to Brigadier General Sir Samuel Pethebridge, the former Secretary of the Department of Defence. Although required by international law to follow the German forms of government, the territory gradually acquired the appearance of a British colony. As a result of the peace settlement under the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, Germany lost all of its colonial possessions, including German New Guinea. The colony became the Territory of New Guinea, a League of Nations Mandate Territory under Australian administration. It remained as such until 1949, when it was merged with the Australian territory of Papua to become the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, which eventually became modern Papua New Guinea.

title: The Gambia in World War II

text: In 1940, the British passed the Colonial Development and Welfare Act 1940, which provided funding to research efforts in the colonies. In July 1941, a commission of inquiry was launched to investigate the wages of manual labourers in the Gambia. It was decided that a minimum wage for workers in Bathurst should be set. Also, during the war, a full income tax was established in the Gambia along with other West African British territories. Kenneth Blackburne, then Colonial Secretary, published a report in 1943 that assessed the long-term and immediate economic needs of The Gambia. It examined how best to use post-war funds from the Colonial Development and Welfare Act. Many of its recommendations were ignored, but it served as a blueprint for development from 1945 to 1950.

title: History of Bermuda

text: When Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949, Bermuda became the oldest remaining British colony. It has been the most populous remaining dependent territory since the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997. Bermuda became known as a "British Overseas Territory" in 2002, as a result of the British Overseas Territories Act 2002.

title: Crown colony

text: The term Crown colony continued to be used until 1981, when the British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified the remaining British colonies as "British Dependent Territories". By this time, the term "Crown colony" referred specifically to colonies lacking substantial autonomy, which were administered by an executive governor, appointed by the British Government — such as Hong Kong, before its transfer in 1997 to the People's Republic of China.

title: Pantomime

text: Pantomime was imported for a British expatriate audience and later adapted by Maltese producers for Maltese audiences. While in many former territories of the British empire, pantomime declined in popularity after independence, as it was seen as a symbol of colonial rule, studies have shown that this genre remains strong in Malta.

title: Royal Hong Kong Regiment

text: These locally raised defence units met British military standards in organisation and efficiency. Many of the officers and NCOs attended training in the UK. Although colonial/overseas British territories' auxiliary units could have no tasking under the British Ministry of Defence, and members could not be compelled to serve outside their territory, many served voluntarily on attachment to British Regular and Territorial Army units.

title: 1980s in Hong Kong

text: After being made a crown colony since 1843, the status of Hong Kong was changed effectively under the "British Nationality Act 1981", which came into force on 1 January 1983. The Act renamed all existing British colonies to dependent territories. The renaming did not change how the government operated but it affected the nationality status of Hong Kong's then over 5 million inhabitants, most of whom were to become British Dependent Territory citizens – a status that could no longer be transmitted by descent.

title: British Overseas Territories

text: Depopulation of Chagossians from the Chagos Archipelago to enable building of a UK-US military base in the British Indian Ocean Territory List of postcodes List of leaders of Overseas Territories List of British Army installations British overseas territory citizens in the mainland United Kingdom Colonial Department Secretary of State for the Colonies Colonial Office Universities in British Overseas Territories United Kingdom Overseas Territories Association (UKOTA) UK Overseas Territories Conservation Forum List of stock exchanges in the United Kingdom, the British Crown Dependencies and United Kingdom Overseas Territories Tax haven lists

title: British Empire

text: In 1980, Southern Rhodesia, Britain's last African colony, became the independent nation of Zimbabwe. The New Hebrides achieved independence (as Vanuatu) in 1980, with Belize following suit in 1981. The passage of the British Nationality Act 1981, which reclassified the remaining Crown colonies as "British Dependent Territories" (renamed British Overseas Territories in 2002)[226] meant that, aside from a scattering of islands and outposts, the process of decolonisation that had begun after the Second World War was largely complete. In 1982, Britain's resolve in defending its remaining overseas territories was tested when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands, acting on a long-standing claim that dated back to the Spanish Empire.[227] Britain's ultimately successful military response to retake the islands during the ensuing Falklands War was viewed by many to have contributed to reversing the downward trend in Britain's status as a world power.[228] The same year, the Canadian government severed its last legal link with Britain by patriating the Canadian constitution from Britain. The 1982 Canada Act passed by the British parliament ended the need for British involvement in changes to the Canadian constitution.[19] Similarly, the Australia Act 1986 (effective 3 March 1986) severed the constitutional link between Britain and the Australian states, while New Zealand's Constitution Act 1986 (effective 1 January 1987) reformed the constitution of New Zealand to sever its constitutional link with Britain.[229] In 1984, Brunei, Britain's last remaining Asian protectorate, gained its independence.

title: Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865

text: Elsewhere, the Colonial Laws Validity Act remains in force, and helps to define the relationship between Acts of Parliament and laws passed in self-governing British territories, as well as the legality of decisions made by territorial legislatures and governments. The power to amend the Colonial Laws Validity Act rests with the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

title: Bermuda

text: The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until 1614. Its spin-off, the Somers Isles Company, took over in 1615 and managed the colony until 1684. At that time, the company's charter was revoked, and the English Crown took over administration. The islands became a British colony following the 1707 unification of the parliaments of Scotland and England, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. After 1949, when Newfoundland became part of Canada, Bermuda became the oldest remaining British overseas territory. After the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, Bermuda became the most populous remaining dependent territory (from 2002 overseas territory). Its first capital, St. George's, was established in 1612.

title: Territorial evolution of the British Empire

text: When the Kingdom of Great Britain was formed in 1707 by the union of the Kingdom of Scotland with the Kingdom of England, the latter country's colonial possessions passed to the new state. Similarly, when Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland in 1801 to form the United Kingdom, control over its colonial possessions passed to the latter state. Collectively, these territories are referred to as the British Empire. Upon much of Ireland gaining independence in 1922 as the Irish Free State, the other territories of the Empire remained under the control of the United Kingdom.

text: Within twenty years of the partition and independence in 1947 of British India (considered to be the most important colonial possession), most of the Empire's territories had achieved full independence. Today 14 former colonies (since 2002 known as British Overseas Territories) remain under British rule; the term "colonies" is no longer officially used to describe these.

title: Columbia District

text: With the creation of the Crown Colony on the British mainland north of the then-Washington Territory in 1858, Queen Victoria chose to use Columbia District as the basis for the name Colony of British Columbia, i.e. the remaining British portion of the former Columbia District.

title: Kapitan Cina

text: With the consolidation of colonial rule, the Kapitans became part of the civil bureaucracy in Portuguese, Dutch and British colonies. They exercised both executive and judicial powers over local Chinese communities under the colonial authorities. In British territories, the position lost its importance over time, gradually becoming an honorary rank for community leaders before its final abolition in the late nineteenth or the start of the twentieth century. In contrast, the position was consolidated and further elaborated in Dutch territories, and remained an important part of the Dutch colonial government until the Second World War and the end of colonialism.

title: British Hong Kong

text: British Hong Kong denotes the period during which Hong Kong was governed as a colony and British Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom. Excluding the Japanese occupation during the Second World War, Hong Kong was under British rule from 1841 to 1997. The colonial period began with the occupation of Hong Kong Island in 1841 during the First Opium War. The island was ceded by Qing China in the aftermath of the war in 1842 and established as a Crown colony in 1843. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. Although Hong Kong Island and Kowloon were ceded in perpetuity, the leased area, which comprised 92 per cent of the territory, was vital to the integrity of Hong Kong that Britain agreed to transfer the entire colony to China upon the expiration of that lease in 1997. The transfer has been considered by many as marking the end of the British Empire.

title: Indian Reserve (1763)

text: The Royal Proclamation of 1763 organized on paper much of the new territorial gains in three colonies in North America—East Florida, West Florida, and Quebec. The rest of the expanded British territory was left to Native Americans. The delineation of the Eastern Divide, following the Allegheny Ridge of the Appalachians, confirmed the limit to British settlement established at the 1758 Treaty of Easton, before Pontiac's War. Additionally, all European settlers in the territory (who were mostly French) were supposed to leave the territory or get official permission to stay. Many of the settlers moved to New Orleans and the French land on the west side of the Mississippi (particularly St. Louis), which in turn had been ceded secretly to Spain to become Louisiana (New Spain). However, many of the settlers remained and the British did not actively attempt to evict them.


query: How many episodes of The Good Wife are there?

title: List of The Good Wife episodes

text: From the first to the fourth season, all episode titles have the same number of words as the number of the season in which they appear; that is, all season one episodes have one-word titles, all season two episodes have two-word titles, etc. Starting with the fifth season, the number of words starts to decrease; the idea of the creators was that – ratings permitting – the show would run for seven seasons, which would allow for a symmetry in the title lengths: 1–2–3–4–3–2–1 to count words in each season's titles, respectively.[1]

title: Eugene Young (character)

text: Like many of the attorneys on the series, Eugene's home life is tumultuous--while identified as married in the fifth episode, the tenth episode states him as being separated (and in all probability that was the case from the onset of the series). Still, in that episode, "Dog Bite," he turns down a date from an attractive D.A., though his reason for doing so is because his son "is not ready for that." Soon the divorce is finalized and his wife takes custody of their son, who is only about twelve years old at the time. Eugene struggles to be a good father and to keep his son on the straight and narrow. He admits more than once that part of what drives him is that his brother died in prison after being falsely convicted. His dream was always to change the system for the better, and one avenue of how to do that he long thought of was an appointment as a judge.

title: The Last Call (The Good Wife)

text: "The Last Call" is the sixteenth episode of the fifth season of the American legal drama television series "The Good Wife". It originally aired on CBS in the United States on March 30, 2014. The episode deals with the aftermath of Will Gardner being killed in the previous episode. It also concerns his former client, and killer, Jeffrey Grant and what motivated his behavior.

title: Woman (1918 film)

text: As described in a film magazine, a modern man and woman quarrel and, in reaction to his wife, the husband recalls all the women in history who have failed their husbands or lovers. Being in an unpleasant state, he recalls Adam in the garden with a very vain Eve who disports herself in a Broadway fashion and causes the downfall of caveman-like Adam. Then he dwells on the hideous betrayal of Claudius by an unfaithful Messilna. Next he recalls the useless ruination of Abelard by the charming Heloise. Following this episode he remembers Cyrene and the fisherman, where the wife basely deserted her husband and children to swim once more in her seal skin that had been hidden from her for many years. A particularly disagreeable episode in which a young woman during the American Civil War sacrifices a wounded soldier for a bauble. After this the modern woman returns and pins up a Red Cross poster, and the modern man sees the many women of today as more or less uninspiring. An epilogue noted how World War I made men realize the true value of women, and that women are working towards victory through good works in the Red Cross and other jobs.

title: How I Wet Your Mother

text: Hayden Childs, of The A.V. Club, was positive on the episode noting that "Although it never reaches outright hilarity, "How I Wet Your Mother" is one of the more interesting episodes of this season..." He further noted that only having one major plot was a good idea and several good jokes in the episode. He overall rated the episode a B+.

title: The Good Wife (season 5)

text: Scott D. Pierce, of the "Salt Lake Tribune" remarked: "I cannot imagine that any series on any network is going to come up with an episode better than [the October 27, 2013 episode]. Television doesn't get any better than this." James Poniewozik of "TIME": "A civil war breaks out in the office, and "Hitting the Fan" proves, if there was any doubt, why "The Good Wife" is currently the best thing on TV outside cable." Chris Harnick; News Editor, HuffPost TV: "'Hitting The Fan' May Be The Best Episode Ever" Stephen Marche of "Esquire": "The Good Wife" is network TV's most intellectually ambitious show. It's a rare show that starts to come into its own in the middle of its fifth season, but somehow CBS's "The Good Wife" has managed to do it. This season has been among the strongest I've seen, and the last two episodes may be the best television produced this year. Phil Dyess-Nugent of "The A.V. Club" wrote that "My recollection is that it was not one of the greatly anticipated new shows of the fall 2009 season, but for four years now, it's been a great example of a network show refusing to calcify and settle into formula. There was a scene in a recent episode where Robin came to Kalinda to beg for her old job back, and Kalinda instead counseled her to make herself invaluable to her new bosses; it was what Kalinda had to do herself, and she tells Robin, "Losing a job changes you." That line could be on this show's coat of arms." Patrick Freyne of the "Irish Times": "The Good Wife [is] the best-made, most nuanced show on television"

title: Ted Humphrey

text: Ted Humphrey is an American television and film writer and producer. He has worked in both capacities on the series "The Nine" and "The Unit" and the legal dramas "Shark" and "The Good Wife". He was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for best new series for "The Good Wife" in 2010, as well as a 2010 Emmy Award for Best Drama Series for "The Good Wife". In 2011 he was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Episodic Drama Writing for the episode.

title: Robert King (writer)

text: They co-created a second, far more successful, legal drama series, "The Good Wife", which ran for seven seasons from 2009 to 2016 on CBS. Aside from the pilot episode, they co-wrote the episodes "Stripped", "Unorthodox", "Hi", and twelve other episodes. King and the writing staff were nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for Best New Series for "The Good Wife".

title: World Enough and Time (Doctor Who)

text: Scott Collura of IGN gave the episode a 9.0, admiring the character development of Missy through the episode, as she is finally depicted as "out and about as the Mistress", and how Steven Moffat does a good job of deconstructing the name and meaning of the show. He went on to praise "World Enough and Time" as a great buildup for the season finale, noting that "like the Master and Missy themselves, this episode is sort of a two-faced monster – but a good one that seems to be bringing the tenth season to a strong finish". He stated that the episode was full of great science-fiction concepts, high stakes for all of the main and supporting characters, and how the episode was full of "humor, scares, and more".

title: Planes, Trains and Cars

text: Wyner C of "Two Cents TV" gave a good review to the episode saying that it was awesome. "This was an awesome episode!!! The first 15 minutes had so many one-liners! I don’t know how to choose my favorite. Great episode!! I laughed out loud at least 5 times."

title: Hitting the Fan

text: Chris Harnick of The Huffington Post called it a "riveting hour of TV that I wished could have lasted forever." James Poniewozik of Time stated, "You title an episode “Hitting the Fan,” and you had best "bring" it. Last night’s The Good Wife–in which Lockhart Gardner discovered Alicia and Cary’s plans to bolt the firm–brought it." Alan Sepinwall on HitFix said that, "Earlier this week, I wrote about how terrific this season of "The Good Wife" has been, and tonight's episode was a cut above even what's come before. On The A.V. Club it won the "Golden TV Dinner" in their "Tournament of Episodes" by beating the "Cooperative Polygraphy" episode of "Community". In the discussion Myles McNutt praised it for "pulling every piece of the show into the fray and never looking back" while Scott Von Doviak voted for "Cooperative Polygraphy" instead as he felt "Hitting the Fan" might be best for longtime viewers. Zack Handlen also indicated "Hitting the Fan" might be less rewarding to newcomers. The episode was nominated for a , but lost to the "Breaking Bad" episode "Confessions".

title: List of The Good Wife episodes

text: On May 11, 2015, CBS renewed the series for a seventh season.[2] It was announced in a commercial that aired during Super Bowl 50 that the seventh season would be the final season of The Good Wife.[3] A total of 156 episodes of The Good Wife aired over seven seasons.

title: The Great Wife Hope

text: The episode received generally positive reviews from television critics. IGN reporter Robert Canning gave the episode a 7.7/10 rating ("Good"), commenting that "what really made me enjoy 'The Great Wife Hope' were the peripheral bits, characters and jokes outside the main storyline. There were many, and they were funny." Canning wrote that the weakest part about the episode was the underdevelopment of Englebrit, but that "there were plenty of other things squeezed in around this bout to make the episode an enjoyable watch"—these included Ralph Wiggum being used as a bell for Bart and Nelson's fight, Nelson wanting to be an event planner, and Carl's line about not knowing all African Americans in the world simply because he is one himself.

title: Take My Wife, Sleaze

text: The name of Homer's gang, the Hell's Satans, is a reference to the real-life motorcycle gang and organized crime syndicate Hells Angels. Authors Paul Broughton and Linda Walker analyzed the episode in their 2009 book "Motorcycling and Leisure: Understanding the Recreational PTW Rider", writing: "This episode feeds on the stereotypical image of riders, for example, Homer says: 'Yeah, that's the life for me, Marge. Cruising and hassling shopkeepers.' The outlaw image is further reinforced within this episode when another group of bikers, also called the Hells Satans, take offence at Homer using the name. This gang act in a stereotypical gang manner, wrecking Homer's house and kidnapping his wife. The fact that an iconic cartoon series can use such stereotypical images of riders to good effect demonstrates how much the negative rider image is ingrained within society."

title: Sarah Steele

text: In 2009, Steele appeared on "Gossip Girl" as Kira Abernathy, Jenny Humphrey's rival at Cotillion and Eric van der Woodsen's friend. Steele appeared in three episodes of "The Good Wife" in 2011 as Marissa Gold, the daughter of Eli Gold (Alan Cumming). She reprised the role from 2014 to 2016 when the show ended, appearing in a total of 22 episodes, and now plays the role on the "Good Wife" spinoff "The Good Fight".

title: Baby (Supernatural)

text: "Baby" received overwhelmingly positive reviews from fans and critics, with many praising the episode's unique cinematography. Amy Ratcliffe of IGN gave the episode an "amazing" 9.8 out of 10 and wrote in her verdict, ""Supernatural"s gone and done it. They've made one of their best episodes ever in Season 11. So far, this season has been quite good, but 'Baby' surpassed all expectations. The concept was fresh and really added a new personal layer to how we see the Winchesters. The Impala is such a part of the family that it was weirdly comforting and emotional to know how it views the boys' adventures."

title: Theatricality

text: Bobby Hankinson of the "Houston Chronicle" called the episode "pretty great", also praising O'Malley's acting and noting: "I was impressed with how visceral the confrontation between Kurt's dad and Finn got and how the writers kept the language as raw as the emotions." "The A.V. Club" Todd VanDerWerff graded the episode B+. He called the Rachel and Shelby storyline "very well-handled, another emotional story that the series is mostly nailing the execution of", and opined: "Chris Colfer and Mike O'Malley (always good together) brought out the best in Cory Monteith, who sometimes struggles with the weightier stuff." Overall, VanDerWerff felt that "Theatricality" was not as good as the preceding episode, but contained some well-executed moments and many funny lines. James Poniewozik of "Time" was "pleasantly surprised" by the episode, praising the Kurt/Finn and Rachel/Shelby storylines; however, he found the Tina, Quinn and Puck subplots "ridiculous and dispensible."

title: Chris Taub

text:
In the episode "Adverse Events", Lucas, House's PI, finds out that Taub's wife Rachel opened a secret bank account. House tells Taub that she's put $83,000 in it. When Taub confronts her about it, she tells him she's been saving up to buy him the car he wanted as a surprise because she knew he'd never buy it himself. When she finally gives him the car he apparently decides to tell her he cheated on her, but the conversation isn't shown in the episode. In the "Birthmarks" episode, he claims to have told her, and indicates that she has not thrown him out, and that they are talking about how to handle their situation.
In the episode "The Itch", it is revealed that he had been sleeping on the couch, and by the end of the episode his wife had finally forgiven him. In the 100th episode, "The Greater Good", Taub mentions wanting to possibly have children, although his wife seems opposed to the idea.

title: Corinne Brinkerhoff

text: She became a co-producer and writer for new legal drama "The Good Wife" in 2009, writing 10 episodes over the course of 67 episodes produced. Brinkerhoff and the writing team were nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for best new television series in 2010 for their work on the first season of "The Good Wife".

title: The Good Wife

text: As a broadcast network television show which is usually stigmatised compared to its cable competitors, it has received what is considered unusual critical acclaim: "USA Today" said that "The Good Wife" is "broadcast's best drama", while "The Atlantic" said that the show "is delivering the best drama on network television". "TIME" referred to it as "the best thing on TV outside cable". TV critic Emily Nussbaum of "The New Yorker" compared Alicia Florrick, the show's protagonist, to Walter White of "Breaking Bad". "Esquire" called "The Good Wife" "The Best Show on Television Right Now (Both Network and Cable)," claiming that the season 5 episodes "Hitting The Fan" and "The Next Day" were possibly the best television episodes produced that year, noting, "It's a rare show that starts to come into its own in the middle of its fifth season, but somehow CBS's "The Good Wife" has managed to do it." Chancellor Agard of "The Daily Beast" said, "'Hitting the Fan' is so momentous because of the degree to which it contrasts with last week's equally excellent episode, 'Outside the Bubble.'" Don Kaplan of the "New York Daily News" said, "Now the drama's in its fifth season, a time when most shows either go on autopilot or start offering "very special" shark-jumping episodes. But the producers and cast of "Wife" somehow managed to kick over the chessboard where the show has been played for years, scattering the pieces to the wind and reinventing "The Good Wife" as one of the most gripping dramas on television. Period." It was named the Favorite Current TV Show by the Harris Poll. In 2013, TV Guide ranked the series #59 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time.

title: Not Pictured

text: Price Peterson, writing for TV.com, gave a glowing review, calling it "the best-yet episode of "Veronica Mars"". He elaborated by stating, This episode was just a total triumph for how it brought together SO MUCH from the past 22 episodes and beyond. I loved the Aaron Echolls assassination. I loved that last image of Duncan enjoying his victory in a perpetual magic hour on some Australian beach. I especially loved the "It's a Wonderful Life"-esque dream sequence. This episode was so good that even though I knew Beaver was the bad guy, I still came away shocked by many of the reveals. That's just good writing right there. Conversely, Television Without Pity gave the episode a "B+".

title: The Good Wife

text: In season 6 episode 2, the show tackles employee poaching in the workplace for social media companies and employee wage-fixing by "The Good Wife"'s Google stand-in "ChumHum" and how they worked with other companies to fix employees' salaries. In season 6 episode 5, Florrick, Agos and Lockhart deal with ransomware on the office computers. In season 6 episode 15, the episode revolves around the case of a 3D printed gun that misfired and hit an innocent bystander. It takes an in-depth look at 3D printing and how modifications to CAD design, the printer model being used, and the environment a 3D printer is being used in can affect how an object is created and second amendment laws for downloadable firearms. In season 6 episode 17, "Undisclosed Recipients", the law firm's email system gets hacked as retaliation for a case with a movie studio suing "Wharf Master", the show's stand in for an illegal torrenting website. This begins an arc when the hackers forward further emails to Petra Morris, a journalist who is making a puff piece about Alicia Florrick's recent win for state's attorney. This leads to a voter fraud conspiracy resulting in an innocent Alicia withdrawing her name from contention for the State's Attorney's office.

title: The Good Wife (season 7)

text: The finale episode of "The Good Wife": "End" had a divided reaction among viewers and critics, with many praising a fitting ending to a complex character with others who argued of its ambiguity and absence of a conclusion - particularly with Alicia's love life. The finale drew controversy in its last scene when Diane Lockhart slaps Alicia Florrick after betraying her in court to save Peter from jail. Alicia is then left alone in a hallway before walking away to a future of uncertainty regarding her relationship with Jason, her career and political life. Vanity Fair noting "As Breaking Bad famously tracked the evolution of Walter White "from Mr. Chips to Scarface," "The Good Wife" followed Alicia as she evolved into Peter. The Kings claim the show was "moving in the direction where there wasn't much difference between who Alicia was and who her husband was." Is Alicia a villain or an anti-hero? It's hard to quite see her that way after all the good she's done for so many seasons. But the inclusion of Will Gardner in the finale momentarily humanizes Alicia while also highlighting the idea that Alicia's transformation into Peter has been a longtime coming." and claiming that "The show's incredible finale belongs to an earlier age of television." Emily Nussbaum of The New Yorker said "it was an ending that commanded respect." The show garnered a huge backlash on social media and has been rated one of the lowest episodes of the series on IMDB. In anticipation of a divided audience, Robert and Michelle King penned a letter to the fans explaining their creative decisions.

title: Rock Bottom (SpongeBob SquarePants)

text: Series head writer of the first season Merriwether Williams said the episode's story is "so simple." She remarked "To me, it's one of the best episodes. It just stayed with one idea." The episode was about "how he [SpongeBob] keeps missing the bus and how that makes him feel." Williams said the episode was "so small that you could explore gags and opportunities for gags." The episode was an example of "a good outline" in the series where the storyboards and humor were done easily. Williams said "it was great for the board guys." She added "In many ways, my job was to create situations where the board guys could be funny, to create a situation that could be funny, and let them go for the actual, specific jokes."

title: Shikamaru Nara

text: Javier Lugo from Manga Life found Shikamaru's fight in the series' fourteenth volume good despite how threatening it is for him. For Part II, Park Cooper from the same site acclaimed Shikamaru's strategy in dealing with the members from the series' antagonist, Akatsuki. Amy McNulty from Anime News Network praised how Shikamaru's epilogue episodes helps to expand his characterization as he decides to aid Naruto when he becomes the Hokage. Reviewing the anime ""s third episode, Sam Stewart from IGN enjoyed the adult Shikamaru's characterization for how he helps his sons Shikadai but ultimately felt he was overshadowed by his wife Temari.

title: The Good Wife

text:
On October 7, 2009, CBS gave the series a full-season pickup, extending the first season from 13 to 22 episodes,
later extended to 23 episodes. On January 14, 2010, CBS renewed the drama for a second season, which premiered on September 28, 2010. On May 18, 2011, CBS renewed "The Good Wife" for a third season, airing Sundays at 9:00 pm On March 14, 2012, CBS renewed the show for a fourth season. On March 27, 2013, CBS renewed "The Good Wife" for a fifth season. On March 13, 2014, CBS renewed the show for a sixth season.

title: Me? Jealous?

text: Carlos Uribe from "TV Liar" said that overall was a good episode. "It had a common theme of jealousy and how this can create tension between people. It's also worth nothing that misunderstandings created the jealousy. This created a strong episode that was filled with many great gags. Greg Kinnear was a good guest star and he didn't take the show overall."

title: Regina Spektor

text: "Better" was used in a commercial for XM Satellite Radio, an episode of "How I Met Your Mother", the series finale of "The Good Wife", and the 2009 film "My Sister's Keeper".

title: The Good Wife

text: "The Good Wife" has received widespread acclaim from critics. "The New York Times" says that "The Good Wife" "stands out among newer fall shows" and that it is "miles ahead of anything else that's on at the moment." In reviewing the first early episodes many critics praised the acting talents of the cast. The "Chicago Tribune" commended the show saying "one of the best parts of the show is Alicia's complicated relationship with her husband, who humiliated his family with a sex scandal but also appears to be a pawn in a larger game being played by high-level politicians." The "New York Daily News" report, in a review of the lead character's performance said, "Margulies puts a powerful combination of cold fury, bewilderment and tenacity into Alicia Florrick, the wife of a disgraced Chicago politician in a new series that readily admits it ripped itself from the headlines" while "The Baltimore Sun" predicted that "With all four [actors] bringing their 'A' games to the pilot, it looks as if CBS could have another winning 10 o'clock drama." There were a few reservations as to the long-term success and plot of the show, with the "San Francisco Chronicle" concluding that "There's nothing inherently wrong with "The Good Wife" other than it's a legal series with too many close-up shots of knowing glances and 'attagirl Alicia' moments of empowerment that you saw coming 20 minutes prior." "Time Magazine"s James Poniewozik named it one of the Top 10 TV Series of 2010 and 2011, saying, "The ability to keep growing: that's what makes a good "Wife" great." "The Salt Lake Tribune" in its list of the Top 10 series of 2011 ranked "The Good Wife" No. 3, explaining "The mix of fascinating legal drama and even more fascinating personal drama is superb." "AOL" named Alicia the 19th Most Memorable Female TV Character.

title: Good Crazy

text: "Good Crazy" is the 22nd episode of the seventh season of the CBS sitcom "How I Met Your Mother", and the 158th episode overall.

title: Michelle King

text: The Kings co-created a second legal drama series entitled "The Good Wife". They served as executive producers for the series. As well as the pilot episode they co-wrote the episodes "Stripped," "Unorthodox," "Hi," and twelve other episodes. King and the writing staff were nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for Best New Series for "The Good Wife".


query: Are there salmon in the Sacramento River?

title: Sacramento River

text: The Sacramento and its wide natural floodplain were once abundant in fish and other aquatic creatures, notably one of the southernmost large runs of chinook salmon in North America. For about 12,000 years, humans have depended on the vast natural resources of the watershed, which had one of the densest Native American populations in California. The river has provided a route for trade and travel since ancient times. Hundreds of tribes sharing regional customs and traditions inhabited the Sacramento Valley, first coming into contact with European explorers in the late 1700s. The Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga named the river Rio de los Sacramentos in 1808, later shortened and anglicized into Sacramento.

title: Bidwell–Sacramento River State Park

text: Bidwell–Sacramento River State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving riparian habitat on the Sacramento River and its tributary Big Chico Creek. The park is located on the border of Butte County and Glenn County. Popular activities include fishing for salmon, steelhead and shad; and floating the river on inner tubes, canoes or kayaks. The property was established as a state park in 1979.

title: Chum salmon

text: Chum salmon have the largest natural range of any Pacific salmon, and undergo the longest migrations within the genus "Oncorhynchus", far up the Yukon River and deep into the Amur River basin in Asia. In lesser numbers they migrate thousands of kilometres up the Mackenzie River. Chum are found around the north Pacific, in the waters of Korea, Japan, and the Okhotsk and Bering seas (Kamchatka, Chukotka, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai), British Columbia in Canada, and from Alaska to California in the United States. In the Arctic Ocean they are found in limited numbers from the Laptev Sea to the Beaufort Sea. In North America chum salmon spawn from the Mackenzie River in the Arctic to as far south as Tillamook Bay, Oregon, although they were also reported in the San Lorenzo River near Santa Cruz, California in 1915 and the Sacramento River in northern California in the 1950s. In the fall of 2017 a half dozen chum salmon were counted in Lagunitas Creek about north of San Francisco, California.

title: Klamath River

text: The river is considered a prime habitat for Chinook salmon, Coho salmon, and rainbow trout. Once the river was the third-largest producer of salmon on the West Coast, after the Columbia and Sacramento Rivers, but the salmon run has been reduced since the construction of six dams between 1908 and 1962. Coho salmon in the Klamath River are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. In 1963, the upper Trinity River—the largest single tributary to the Klamath—was virtually removed from the Klamath drainage with the completion of the Lewiston and Trinity Dams, diverting 90 percent of the upper Trinity's flow to the Sacramento Valley. From 1963 to 1991, only from the main stem above the dams was left to flow to the Klamath. In 1991, a minimum annual Trinity flow of was established, or about .

title: Salmon

text: It has been discovered that rivers which have seen a decline or disappearance of anadromous lampreys, loss of the lampreys also affects the salmon in a negative way. Like salmon, anadromous lampreys stop feeding and die after spawning, and their decomposing bodies release nutrients into the stream. Also, along with species like steelhead redds and Sacramento sucker, lampreys clean the gravel in the rivers during spawning. Their larvae, called ammocoetes, are filter feeders which contribute to the health of the waters. They are also a food source for the young salmon, and being fattier and oilier, it is assumed predators prefer them over salmon offspring, taking off some of the predation pressure on smolts. Adult lampreys are also the preferred prey of seals and sea lions, which can eat 30 lampreys to every salmon, allowing more adult salmon to enter the rivers to spawn without being eaten by the marine mammals.

title: Coleman National Fish Hatchery

text: Before the construction of the Shasta and Keswick Dams, Chinook Salmon and steelhead were free to migrate to the upper reaches of the Sacramento, Pit and McCloud Rivers to spawn. Chinook salmon and steelhead returning from the ocean, travel up the Sacramento River and Battle Creek where they are enticed by water flow into the hatchery. Eggs are collected, fertilized and incubated artificially until they hatch. The young fish are then raised in ponds at the hatchery until they are sufficient size to be released and return to the ocean. Long term production goals for Coleman NFH Complex are as follows: 12,000,000 fall Chinook salmon, 1,200,000 late-fall Chinook salmon, 250,000 winter Chinook salmon, and 600,000 steelhead annually. Winter Chinook salmon are reared at the Livingston Stone National Fish Hatchery, a sub-station of Coleman NFH, located at the base of Shasta Dam.

title: Sacramento River

text: Second only to the Columbia River on the west coast of the United States in Chinook salmon runs, the Sacramento and its tributaries once supported a huge population of this fish. Millions of salmon once swam upstream to spawn in the Sacramento; as recently as 2002 eight hundred thousand fish were observed to return to the river.[98][99] The Sacramento and San Joaquin River systems are home to the southernmost existing run of chinook salmon in North America.[90]

title: Klamath Mountains

text: Major rivers and lakes in the Klamath Mountains include the Klamath River, Trinity River, Smith River, Salmon River, Rogue River, Scott River, upper Sacramento River and Castle Lake.

title: Sacramento River

text: In 1999, five hydroelectric dams on Battle Creek, a major tributary of the Sacramento River, were removed to allow better passage of the fish. Three other dams along the creek were fitted with fish ladders. The river is considered one of the best salmon habitats in the watershed because of its relatively cold water and the availability of ideal habitat such as gravel bars.[101][102]

title: Oroville–Thermalito Complex

text: The Feather River Fish Hatchery was built to compensate for spawning grounds lost to returning salmon and Steelhead trout with the construction of Oroville Dam in the early 1960s. Salmon and steelhead raised at the hatchery are transported in oxygenated, temperature-controlled tanks and released in the Feather and Sacramento Rivers, Lake Oroville, and/or in the Delta near the San Francisco Bay area. These fish account for an estimated 20 percent of the ocean sport and commercial catch in the Pacific Ocean. Hatchery salmon are also planted in Lake Oroville. The first salmon and steelhead entered the hatchery in September 1967. Today, the facility accommodates an average 8,000 fish. The Feather River Fish Hatchery was constructed between 1966 and 1967.

title: Salt River (California)

text: Four species of anadromous salmonids, the coho salmon, chinook salmon, rainbow trout and coastal cutthroat trout are known from the estuary of the Salt River as are about two dozen estuarine fish including herring, sardine, smelt, stickleback, perch, sculpin, sole and flounder, and the freshwater invasive Sacramento pikeminnow.

title: Environmental issues with salmon

text: The commercial salmon fisheries in California have been either severely curtailed or closed completely in recent years, due to critically low returns on the Klamath and or Sacramento Rivers, causing millions of dollars in losses to commercial fishermen. Both Atlantic and Pacific salmon are popular sportfish.

title: Keswick Dam

text: Both Iron Mountain Mine and pyritic ore mining in Shasta County have contributed to the degradation of the Sacramento River, in addition to killing fish and other aquatic organisms downstream of Sacramento River to Keswick Dam. This is as a result of the acidity of the water caused by metal deposits and other metal deposits contaminating the sediments in the river. Exposure to copper and other metals physiologically affects salmonid species, especially with regard to reproduction, in the Sacramento River below Keswick Dam. Winter-run Chinook salmon spawning in the river is one of the major salmonid species that are threatened.

title: Sacramento River

text: By the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the government blamed crashing fish populations on overfishing, especially off the Northern California and Oregon coast, which lie directly adjacent to the migration paths of Sacramento River salmon. This has resulted in a ban on coastal salmon fishing for several years since 2002.[103] The Red Bluff Diversion Dam, although not a large dam and equipped with fish passage facilities, also presents a major barrier. Because of inadequate design, roughly 25–40% of the incoming fish get blocked by the dam each year. The dam has also become a "favorite spot" for predatory fish to congregate, feasting on the salmon that get trapped both above and below the dam.[104] As of 2010, the salmon run has shown slight signs of improvement, probably because of that year's greater precipitation.[105]

title: American River

text: Rainbow trout Brown trout Chinook (King) salmon Coho (Silver) salmon Striped bass American shad Steelhead rainbow trout Sacramento sucker Carp Goldfish Sacramento squawfish Tule perch Riffle sculpin[26]

title: Canned fish

text: The first industrial scale salmon cannery in North America was established in 1864 on a barge in the Sacramento River by the four Hume brothers together with their partner Andrew S. Hapgood. In 1866 the Hume brothers relocated the business to a site 50 miles inland on the Columbia River. The history of North American salmon canneries is exemplified by their history on the Columbia River. Within a few years each of the Hume brothers had his own cannery. By 1872, Robert Hume was operating a number of canneries, bringing in Chinese willing to work for low wages to do the cannery work, and having local Native Americans do the fishing. By 1883, salmon canneries had become the major industry on the Columbia River, with 1,700 gillnet boats supplying 39 canneries with 15,000 tonnes of salmon annually, mainly Chinook.

title: Salmon

text: The commercial salmon fisheries in California have been either severely curtailed or closed completely in recent years, due to critically low returns on the Klamath and or Sacramento rivers, causing millions of dollars in losses to commercial fishermen. Both Atlantic and Pacific salmon are popular sportfish.

title: Central Valley Project

text: Once, profuse runs of anadromous fish—salmon, steelhead, and others—migrated up the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers to spawn in great numbers. The construction of CVP dams on the two rivers and many of their major tributaries—namely Friant Dam and Shasta Dam—mostly ended the once-bountiful Central Valley salmon run. From north to south, the Sacramento upriver of Shasta Dam, the American upriver of Folsom Dam, the Stanislaus upriver of New Melones Dam, and the San Joaquin upriver of Mendota—have become inaccessible to migrating salmon. In three of these cases, it is because the dams are too high and their reservoirs too large for fish to bypass via fish ladders. The San Joaquin River, however, had a different fate. Almost of the river is dry because of diversions from Friant Dam and Millerton Lake. Even downstream of Mendota, where the Delta-Mendota Canal gives the river a new surge of water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, irrigation runoff water, contaminated with pesticides and fertilizer, has caused the river to become heavily polluted. To make matters worse, efforts by the California Department of Fish and Game to route the San Joaquin salmon run into the Merced River in the 1950s failed, because the salmon did not recognize the Merced as their "home stream".

title: Eel River (California)

text: The Eel River supports runs of multiple anadromous fishes – Chinook, coho salmon, steelhead (rainbow trout) and coastal cutthroat trout among the major species. In its natural state, it was the third largest salmon and steelhead producing river system in California – with over a million fish spawning annually – after the Sacramento and Klamath rivers. The annual chinook salmon run was estimated at 100,000–800,000, coho at 50,000–100,000, and steelhead may have numbered as high as 100,000–150,000.

title: Hodge Decision

text: The American River is the second largest tributary of the Sacramento River and is divided into three sections, Lower Fork; Middle Fork; Upper Fork. Together, these sections span 120 miles from the crest of the Sierra Nevada, through the foothills, and converges with the Sacramento River in Sacramento, California. The Lower Fork of the American River begins at the outlet of Folsom Lake and flows westward until its confluence with the Sacramento River. The drainage basin of the American River is approximately 1,900 square miles. There are several activities popular to the American River including: whitewater rafting, fishing, boating. In addition, the river also acts as a source of hydroelectric power, municipal water, and flood control from Folsom Dam. Several water agencies in Sacramento divert water from the American River via surface water diversions and groundwater wells in order to supply enough water for its customers. These diversions have resulted in several negative implications on the Lower American River fishery. Therefore, the Hodge Decision was concocted in order to protect the river's salmon and steelhead populations and preserve natural river morphology.

title: West Sacramento, California

text: While Sacramento began to urbanize on the other side of the river, early West Sacramento found its hand at agricultural development. Salmon, sturgeon, catfish, eel, crayfish, and clams proved to be lucrative in this region as fisherman soon found. The river settlement was flourishing, stocking fish markets not only in Sacramento, but in San Francisco as well. In addition, the rich soil of the valley produced abundant crops of com, melons, cucumbers, and sweet potatoes. The dairy industry also established roots in West Sacramento around this time.

title: Salmon cannery

text: The first industrial scale salmon cannery in North America was established in 1864 on a barge in the Sacramento River by the four Hume brothers together with their partner Andrew S. Hapgood. In 1866 the Hume brothers relocated the business to a site 50 miles inland on the Columbia River. The history of North American salmon canneries is exemplified by their history on the Columbia River. Within a few years each of the Hume brothers had their own cannery. By 1872, Robert Hume was operating a number of canneries, bringing in Chinese people willing to work for low wages to do the cannery work, and having local Native American people do the fishing. By 1883, the salmon canneries had become the major industry on the Columbia River, with 1,700 gillnet boats supplying 39 canneries with 15,000 tonnes of salmon annually, mainly Chinook.

title: Pink salmon

text: Pink salmon are coldwater fish with a preferred temperature range of 5.6 to 14.6 °C, an optimal temperature of 10.1 °C, and an upper incipient lethal temperature of 25.8 °C. The native range of the species is in the Pacific and Arctic coastal waters and rivers, from the Sacramento River in northern California to the Mackenzie River in Canada; and in the west from the Lena River in Siberia to Korea and Honshu in Japan. In North America pink salmon spawn from the Mackenzie River in the Arctic to as far south as tributaries of Puget Sound, Washington, although they were also reported in the San Lorenzo River near Santa Cruz, California in 1915 and the Sacramento River in northern California in the 1950s. In 2013 a new record for the southernmost extent of spawning pink salmon was published for the Salinas River. In the fall of 2017 a dozen pink salmon were counted in Lagunitas Creek about north of San Francisco, California.

title: Shasta Dam

text: The Shasta Dam has had a severe negative effect on populations of Pacific salmon in the Sacramento River watershed ever since its gates were first closed in 1943. The massive structure completely prevents salmon migration from the lower reaches of the river to the Upper Sacramento, Pit, McCloud and other tributary streams. It is estimated that half of the best salmon habitat in the Sacramento basin lies upstream of Shasta Dam. Also, the dam caused temperatures in the river to rise because it released waters from higher elevations of Shasta Lake, which are warmed by the sun far more than the surface of the original river pre-dam. Warm waters are harmful to salmon, which prefer colder temperatures, and also impact other fish populations such as steelhead and wild California trout.

title: Cottonwood Creek (Sacramento River tributary)

text: Cottonwood Creek is a major stream and tributary of the Sacramento River in Northern California. About long measured to its uppermost tributaries, the creek drains a large rural area bounded by the crest of the Coast Ranges, traversing the northwestern Sacramento Valley before emptying into the Sacramento River near the town of Cottonwood. For its entire length, it defines the boundary of Shasta and Tehama counties. Because Cottonwood Creek is the largest undammed tributary of the Sacramento River, it is known for its Chinook salmon and steelhead runs.

title: Napa River

text: The river also supports a remarkable diversity of fishes and recovering salmonid populations, especially chinook salmon ("Oncorhynchus tshawytscha") and steelhead trout ("Oncorhynchus mykiss"). In 2003 the Napa County Resource Conservation District began an ongoing salmon monitoring program, and have recorded a run of approximately 400 - 1000 fall-run Chinook salmon the past several years. The Chinook run begins in late October through January. Conclusive evidence of historical chinook salmon populations in the Napa River basin have not been established, but the river provides appropriate habitat for salmon and its location near the entrance to the Sacramento/San Joaquin Rivers make it likely that salmon would have at least ventured into the Napa River. In 2013, a genetics study of Napa River chinook salmon revealed that two adults migrated from the Klamath River and successfully spawned in the Napa River, since four juvenile chinook collected from the Napa River in 2010 were proved to be siblings from the close similarity of their DNA and that the latter was characteristic of Klamath River chinook. These findings have important implications for the protection of the federally endangered Coastal California Chinook Salmon ESU since the Napa River, nor any stream in the Bay Area, was included in this ESU.

title: Keswick Dam

text: From Keswick Dam south to Red Bluff, California, the Sacramento River is relatively narrow and deep with some areas of broader alluvial floodplain. Most of the Chinook-salmon-spawning habitat in the river is located in this reach. The variability and magnitude of natural seasonal flows of the Sacramento River have been significantly altered for the purposes of irrigation and flood control. The dams and diversions operated by the Central Valley Project and local irrigation districts control much of the flow in the Sacramento River. Since 1993, to protect the holding and spawning of winter-run Chinook salmon, Reclamation has been required to manage cold-water reservoir storage and releases to maintain daily average water temperatures at or below between Keswick Dam and compliance locations between Balls Ferry and Bend Bridge, from May 15 to September 30.

title: Klamath River

text:
Historically, the Klamath River was once the "third most productive salmon river system in the United States", after the Columbia and the Sacramento. Eutrophication and raised water temperatures induced by the construction of dams have created worsening conditions for migrating salmon, especially in years of drought.
Irrigation along the upper Klamath and the Shasta and Scott rivers, along with the almost-total diversion of the upper Trinity River, have all lowered the total river flow supporting out-migrating young salmon in spring and in-migrating adult salmon in the fall. In the 1960s, a project was proposed to divert the entire Klamath River to Central California and Southern California, an undertaking known as the Klamath Diversion, but this project was defeated. It would have limited salmon to the last of the entire river. In 2002, a major fish kill took its toll on the river and the Tribes that depend on it. More than 34,000 salmon died alone, due to the low water flow and poor management. In 2005, PacifiCorp applied to the federal government to relicense its four hydroelectric dams on the Klamath for up to 50 years. Environmentalists opposed the relicensing, arguing that the dams should be removed to reopen the upper Klamath to salmon. Humboldt State University's Associated Students passed a resolution authored by activist Jason Robo in support of dam removal.

title: Central Valley Project

text: In recent years, a combination of drought and regulatory decisions passed based on the Endangered Species Act of 1973 have forced Reclamation to turn off much of the water for the west side of the San Joaquin Valley in order to protect the fragile ecosystem in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and keep alive the dwindling fish populations of Northern and Central California rivers. In 2017 the Klamath and Trinity rivers witnessed the worst fall run Chinook salmon return in recorded history, leading to a disaster declaration in California and Oregon due to the loss of the commercial fisheries. The recreational fall Chinook salmon fishery in both the ocean and the Trinity and Klamath rivers was also closed in 2017. Only 1,123 adult winter Chinook salmon returned to the Sacramento Valley in 2017, according to a report sent to the Pacific Fishery Management Council (PFMC) by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). This is the second lowest number of returning adult winter run salmon since modern counting techniques were implemented in 2003. By comparison, over 117,000 winter Chinooks returned to spawn in 1969.

title: Coyote Creek (Santa Clara County)

text: The Chinook salmon run in Coyote Creek may be the most viable for restoration in the South Bay, since the breeding salmon in the Guadalupe River have severely declined subsequent to installation of extensive concrete channels in the river in downtown San Jose, California by the SCVWD. These are "fall run" fish primarily adapted to the Sacramento and San Joaquin River watersheds. Since Chinook salmon spawn in early winter and juveniles migrate to the ocean in their first spring, they are able to use habitats that turn very warm or have low water quality in summer. In 2012, the Santa Clara Valley Habitat Plan reported that Chinook salmon currently spawn in Coyote Creek as well as the Guadalupe River and its tributaries.


query: Did the Georgia Bulldogs make the playoffs in 2018?

title: 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team

text: After losing a terribly one-sided game to Auburn in the regular season, No. 6 Georgia had a chance to redeem themselves with a rematch against No. 2 Auburn in the SEC Championship game. Auburn started off strong, going 75 yards on 10 plays for a touchdown on their first drive. However, in a complete reversal of the regular season game, Auburn was unable to score from there on out. Georgia grabbed the momentum after recovering an Auburn fumble at the beginning of the second quarter, and the Bulldogs would go on to score 28 unanswered points in a blowout victory. This time, the Georgia defense held a banged-up Kerryon Johnson to just 45 total yards, while Sony Michel and Nick Chubb each had over 80 total yards of their own. True freshman QB Jake Fromm played well in the biggest game of his career, going 16 of 22 for 183 yards and two touchdowns. Another true freshman, D'Andre Swift, all but assured Georgia's victory with a 64-yard 4th quarter touchdown run to put the Bulldogs up by three scores. The win gave Georgia its first SEC title since 2005 and secured a spot for Georgia in the 2018 College Football Playoff.

title: 2018 Rose Bowl

text: Georgia traveled to its first away and out-of-conference game against the No. 24 Notre Dame Fighting Irish on September 9, 2017. The score was back-and-forth the whole game, until Rodrigo Blankenship scored a field goal with 3:34 to go in the fourth quarter, giving Georgia a 20–19 lead. On 1st-and-10, Georgia linebacker Davin Bellamy sacked quarterback Brandon Wimbush, and forced a fumble, which Georgia's Lorenzo Carter recovered. The Bulldogs held the field, winning the game. The Bulldogs returned home for the next two weeks, beating the Samford Bulldogs 42–14 and the No.17 Mississippi State Bulldogs 31–3.

title: 1920 Georgia Bulldogs football team

text: Georgia gave Furman the team's only loss, and did the same to Alabama in the year's biggest win. This was the Georgia Bulldogs' first season under the guidance of head coach Herman Stegeman and the team's second undefeated season in its history (first since 1896 under Pop Warner). The Bulldogs were retroactively awarded a national championship by Clyde Berryman.

text: The College Football Playoff (CFP) selection committee selected four teams to advance to the playoff: the Clemson Tigers, Oklahoma Sooners, Georgia Bulldogs, and Alabama Crimson Tide.

title: Rose Bowl Game

text: In the 2018 Rose Bowl, the Georgia Bulldogs (12–1) defeated the Oklahoma Sooners (12–1) 54–48 in double overtime in a semifinal playoff game to advance to the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship game. It was the first Rose Bowl game to ever go into overtime.

title: Odense Bulldogs

text: After missing the playoffs two years in a row, something that had not happened since their two first seasons (91–92, 92–93), Odense Bulldogs suddenly found themselves returning to the Playoff finals, in a glorious playoff run. Winning the first two round by a score of 8–0, Odense Bulldogs headed to the finals against Herning Bluefox undefeated. After getting the lead 2–0 and 3–1 in games, Odense Bulldogs had a chance to win their first championship ever at home. Not only did Odense bulldogs lose the first elimination game, but the follow two games, resulting in a game seven final loss at home.

title: Baldwin High School (Georgia)

text: Jesse Hicks arrived at the school as head coach in 2002, and led the team to the first round of the playoffs. Although they did not make it to the playoffs in 2003, the Braves did make it to the second round in 2004 despite five regular-season losses. In 2005 the Braves made it farther than ever before, playing in the AAAA semifinals at the Georgia Dome. The team has not made it this far since, but has enjoyed overall better seasons than 2005 each year. In 2006 their record was 10-2, and they made it to the second round of the playoffs.

title: 2018 Georgia Bulldogs football team

text: The 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team finished the regular season 11–1 with the only loss coming on the road to Auburn 17–40. Key wins included defeating Notre Dame on the road in week 2, 20–19. After winning the SEC East, Georgia won their first SEC Championship since 2005, defeating Auburn 28–7. Georgia was selected to play in the College Football Playoff for the first time in school history as the #3 seed to face the #2 seed Oklahoma in the Rose Bowl. In an instant classic, Georgia roared back from a 14 point halftime deficit to defeat Oklahoma 54–48 in 2 overtimes earning their first National Championship game appearance. In the National Championship, Georgia was defeated by Alabama 26–23 in overtime. Georgia finished the season 13–2.

title: Georgia Bulldogs football

text: The Bulldogs have played in 55 bowl games, tied for second all-time. UGA has a bowl record of 31–20–3. Their 31 wins rank the Dawgs third all-time in bowl wins. They have played in a record 17 different bowls including appearances in five of the New Years Six Bowl Games (2 Rose, 3 Orange, 3 Cotton, 5 Peach and 10 Sugar Bowls) and an appearance in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship.

title: 2004 Georgia Bulldogs football team

text: The 2004 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the University of Georgia during the 2004 NCAA Division I-A football season The Bulldogs completed the season with a 10–2 record. The Bulldogs had a regular season Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 6–2, but did not win the SEC East, having lost to Tennessee and Auburn. Georgia beat Wisconsin in the 2005 Outback Bowl and finished the season ranked 6th in the Coaches' Poll. This was the Georgia Bulldogs' fourth season under the guidance of head coach Mark Richt.

text: The Georgia Bulldogs defeated the Oklahoma Sooners in the 2018 Rose Bowl by a score of 54–48 in double overtime to reach the championship game. The Bulldogs had a 13–1 season claiming their 13th Southeastern Conference (SEC) championship with a win over Auburn Tigers, 28–7. The Bulldogs were coached by Kirby Smart.

title: 1910 Georgia Bulldogs football team

text: The 1910 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1910 college football season. The Bulldogs completed the season with a 6–2–1 record. The team started with two tune-up games that Georgia won by a combined score of 180–0. The Bulldogs notched victories over Alabama and Georgia Tech, ending a five-game losing streak to Tech. Georgia did lose to rival Auburn, but the first season under new head coach Bill Cunningham was certainly an improvement over prior years.

title: Oklahoma Sooners football

text: Riley and the Sooners played Georgia Bulldogs on January 1, 2018 at the Rose Bowl in the College Football Playoff Semi-Final game. The game was the first matchup between the two teams in program history. Oklahoma lost in double overtime 54–48.

title: 2018 Georgia Bulldogs football team

text: The 2018 Georgia Bulldogs football team represents the University of Georgia in the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Bulldogs play their home games at Sanford Stadium. They play as members of the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference. They are led by third-year head coach Kirby Smart.

title: 1942 Georgia Bulldogs football team

text: The 1942 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1942 college football season. Led by Heisman Trophy winner Frank Sinkwich, the Bulldogs compiled an 11–1 record and won the Rose Bowl. The 75–0 win over Florida is the largest margin of victory in the series history. The Bulldogs were ranked second in the final AP Poll, conducted before bowl season. While the Ohio State Buckeyes were crowned national champions by AP, Georgia was named national champion by NCAA-designated major selectors of Berryman, Billingsley, DeVold, Houlgate, Litkenhous, Poling, Sagarin, Sagarin (ELO-Chess), and Williamson. The Buckeyes did not compete in a bowl game in 1942.

title: Halton Hills Bulldogs

text: The 2000 season turned out to be an excellent turnaround for the team. Changing their name during the wintertime, the Bulldogs went from no wins in 1999 to an 8-12-0 record. They failed to make the playoffs that year, but did qualify for the "Tier II" Championship—and won. Since winning the Tier II title, Halton has not had a losing season. The only unfortunate point is that the Bulldogs, despite having some regular season success, have yet to do very well in the playoffs. In six straight playoff berths, the Bulldogs have yet to get past the quarter-finals. Another highpoint in their recent history is that for the past six seasons, the team's goals for have surpassed the number of goals against. Once again though, making the playoffs is one thing, having success in them is another.

title: Georgia Bulldogs

text: Founded in 1967, the University of Georgia Rugby Football Club plays Division 1 college rugby in the Southeastern Collegiate Rugby Conference against its traditional SEC rivals. Georgia finished the 2012 regular season with a 4–2 conference record, just missing the conference playoffs. The Bulldogs are led by head coach Doug Porter.

text: The 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship was a college football bowl game that determined a national champion in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision for the 2017 season. The Alabama Crimson Tide defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 26–23, coming back from a 13–0 deficit at halftime to secure the win in overtime. True freshman quarterback Tua Tagovailoa and defensive tackle Daron Payne were respectively named the offensive and defensive players of the game.

title: 2018 Rose Bowl

text:
The 2018 Rose Parade's theme was “Making A Difference,” and actor Gary Sinise was its Grand Marshal.
In the 2018 Rose Bowl, the #2-ranked Oklahoma Sooners, champions of the Big 12 Conference, faced the #3-ranked Georgia Bulldogs, champions of the Southeastern Conference. This was the first meeting between the University of Georgia and the University of Oklahoma football teams.

title: 2012 The Citadel Bulldogs football team

text: The Bulldogs hosted #3 Georgia Southern in the SoCon opener for both schools. The two teams return two of the top three rushing attacks in the country (and the conference as Wofford is the other) and run the same Triple Option scheme on offense. The Eagles entered with a commanding 174 record against The Citadel, including a pair of playoff victories over the Bulldogs in 1988 and 1990. Last year, Georgia Southern held off The Citadel 14–12 in Statesboro as the Bulldogs missed a field goal in a swirling wind with seconds remaining. The last Citadel victory in the series was a 24–21 win in Charleston in 2006. Georgia Southern had won five in a row, but four of those were by less than a touchdown. The Citadel had lost nine consecutive home conference games.

title: 2017 Oklahoma Sooners football team

text: In the final College Football Playoff rankings of the 2017 season, Oklahoma was ranked second, which earned them a spot in the national semifinal game to be played at the 2018 Rose Bowl on New Year's Day. Their opponent was the third-seeded Georgia Bulldogs, champions of the Southeastern Conference. It was the first ever match-up between the two schools. The Rose Bowl winner would go on to play in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship.

title: 2018–19 Georgia Lady Bulldogs basketball team

text: The 2018–19 Georgia Lady Bulldogs women's basketball team represents University of Georgia in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Lady Bulldogs, led by fourth-year head coach Joni Taylor, play their home games at Stegeman Coliseum and are members of the Southeastern Conference.

title: 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season

text: The Alabama Crimson Tide and Georgia Bulldogs played in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship. Alabama defeated Georgia in overtime by a score of 26–23 on a game-winning touchdown pass from Tua Tagovailoa to Devonta Smith. Alabama claimed its 17th national title in school history, the most of any current FBS team.

title: 2018 Rose Bowl

text: The 2018 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game between the Oklahoma Sooners and the Georgia Bulldogs, played on January 1, 2018 at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California. The 104th Rose Bowl Game was a semifinal for the College Football Playoff (CFP), matching two of the top four teams selected by the system's selection committee. Georgia and Oklahoma competed for a spot at the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship game, to be played on January 8, 2018 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. The Georgia Bulldogs won the game with a 27-yard run by Sony Michel, shortly after Lorenzo Carter blocked Oklahoma Sooners' field goal attempt in the second overtime. The game lasted four hours and five minutes. With 26.8 million viewers on ESPN, the game ranked as the fifth most-viewed cable program of all time.

title: Kirby Smart

text: On December 6, 2015, Smart was announced as the 26th head football coach at the University of Georgia. Smart went 8–5 in his first season as the head coach of the Bulldogs in 2016. The Bulldogs finished tied for second in the SEC East division. In the 2017 season, Smart led the Bulldogs to their first 9–0 start since 1982 and won the SEC East after a victory over the South Carolina Gamecocks on November 4. On December 2. 2017, Smart coached Georgia to its first SEC title since 2005, and only the fourth 12-win season in school history (1980, 2002, 2012). On December 3, Georgia was ranked No. 3 by the College Football Playoff Committee and was set to play No. 2 Oklahoma in the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day. Georgia rallied from a 31–14 first half deficit, ultimately defeating Oklahoma 54–48 in double overtime, completing the largest comeback in Rose Bowl history. In his 2018 season, Georgia completed the regular season with an 11-1 record and earned a spot in the 2018 SEC Championship game as the Eastern Division Champions. Georgia would play the Western Division Champions, the Alabama Crimson Tide. Georgia would end up losing 35-28 against Alabama. Georgia earned an invitation to play in the 85th Sugar Bowl Classic against #15 Texas Longhorns. Texas would beat the #5 Georgia Bulldogs 28-21 and finish the season 11-3.

title: Rodrigo Blankenship

text: In 2017 – his redshirt sophomore season – Blankenship received a full athletic scholarship. He informed the team of the positive news after Georgia's 20–19 victory over Notre Dame. In the 2018 Rose Bowl, Blankenship made a record-long 55-yard field goal that proved pivotal in shifting the momentum away from Oklahoma, leading to Georgia's eventual 54–48 overtime victory. In the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship game against Alabama, Blankenship hit a 51-yard field goal in overtime to put the Bulldogs temporarily ahead. However, Georgia ultimately lost the national championship game, 26–23.

title: 2018–19 Georgia Bulldogs basketball team

text: The 2018–19 Georgia bulldogs basketball team will represent the University of Georgia during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team's head coach will be Tom Crean in his first year at Georgia. They will play their home games at Stegeman Coliseum in Athens, Georgia as members of the Southeastern Conference.

title: Princeton High School (North Carolina)

text:
The Bulldogs have been to the 1-A football state championship game a few times, but have never been able to get a victory. In 1976, the Bulldogs defeated Angier 8-6 to advance to the championship game. However, the Bulldogs lost to the Robbinsville Black Knights 34-6. In 1979, the Princeton Bulldogs once again went to the championship game by defeating Manteo 30-14. The Bulldogs then had to face Robbinsville just as in 1976. Again, the Robbinsville Black Knights defeated the Bulldogs 46-8. In 1981, the Bulldogs lost to J. Wilkinson 26-8 in the second round of the playoffs. With that win, J. Wilkinson went on to lose 68-0 to Robbinsville in the championship game. The Bulldogs have not reached the championship game since 1979. However, the Bulldogs did have a turnaround season in 2009 by reaching the third round of the playoffs since that 1979 season. Even though the Bulldogs won as many playoff games in 2009 as in 1979, they did not reach the championship game in 2009 because there are more rounds in the playoffs now than in previous years. The Bulldogs finished the 2012 fall season with a 3-1 record in playoff games, advancing to the Eastern Region Championship game before losing to eventual state champion Plymouth Vikings.
DNQ = Did Not Qualify

title: 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team

text: Georgia received its first ever College Football Playoff appearance against Oklahoma in the school's first Rose Bowl Game since the 1942 season. Georgia won by a score of 54–48 in double overtime.[2] The Bulldogs reached the National Championship game for the first time since 1982,[3] but lost to Alabama in overtime.

title: Georgia–Vanderbilt football rivalry

text: 1924 brought the first victory for Georgia over Vanderbilt in twenty-seven "long years," having failed to win the last seven matches. The Commodores did well in the first quarter, but never threatened again after that. Georgia had 12 first downs to Vandy's 7, and the Bulldogs gained 284 yards to the Commodores' 128. The furthest the Commodores penetrated was to Georgia's 31-yard line. Thrice the Bulldogs got to within Vanderbilt's 10-yard line, but all three times the Vanderbilt defense stiffened and prevented a score. Bulldog quarterback "Scrappy" Moore made the 32-yard drop-kick which broke the scoreless tie in the fourth quarter. It was the last field goal kicked by a Bulldog until seventeen years later when Frank Sinkwich did so against Florida with a broken jaw in 1941.