query: How big is the Highbury residence?

title: Highbury

text: John Dawes, a wealthy stockbroker, acquired the site of Jack Straw’s Castle together with 247 acres (1.00km2) of surrounding land. In 1781 he built Highbury House at a cost of £10,000 on the spot where Highbury Manor had stood. Over the next 30 years the house was extended by new owners, firstly Alexander Aubert and then John Bentley, to include a large observatory and lavish gardens.

title: Highbury Fields

text: The houses surrounding the Fields are good examples of Georgian and Victorian town houses and are highly desirable residences. These terraces lie on three roads: Highbury Place, Highbury Crescent, and Highbury Terrace.

title: Kings Heath

text: Kings Heath Park also features a Victorian-styled tea room and is the venue for the annual Gardener's Weekend Show, which comes under the Royal Horticultural Society and is one of the top regional events for gardening enthusiasts to show off their vegetables and floral displays etc. The park has 'green flag' status. Highbury Park (on the border with Moseley) is adjacent to the Highbury Hall, which used to be a residence of Joseph Chamberlain.

title: Highbury

text: After the Manor house had been destroyed in 1381, the grange and barn remained on the east side of the track that ran south to Hopping Lane, now St Paul’s Road, roughly on the line of Highbury Park / Highbury Grove (the A1201). In 1740 a small ale and cake house was opened in the Barn, Highbury.

title: Highbury New Park

text: Highbury New Park is a street in Highbury in the London Borough of Islington which runs from Highbury Quadrant in the north to Highbury Grove in the south.

title: Highbury, Palmerston North

text: Highbury is a suburb of Palmerston North, New Zealand. The suburb is located northwest of Palmerston North Central (CBD). The area has the characteristics of a suburban area and had a resident population of 3,240 (2001).

title: Highbury

text: Finsbury Park, north of Highbury Holloway, west of Highbury Islington and Canonbury, south of Highbury Newington Green, east of Highbury Stoke Newington, north east of Highbury Barnsbury

title: Highbury Korfball Club

text: Highbury 1 finish 4th in the S&E Promo league and 3rd in the London Regional League, Highbury 2 finish 4th in LKA 2 and Highbury 3 & 4 play off for 3rd place in LKA 3 with the Highbury 3 running out 7–4 winners.

title: Highbury

text: The grounds around Highbury House started to be sold off in 1794. By 1894 Highbury House and its remaining grounds became a school. Finally in 1938 Highbury House was demolished and is now the site of Eton House flats (on Leigh Road), built by the Old Etonian Housing Association in 1939.

title: Highbury, Centennial Park

text: Highbury is a heritage-listed residence located at 20 Martin Road in the inner eastern Sydney suburb of Centennial Park in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by William Nixon and built from 1912 to 1913. "Highbury" was the home of Australian novelist Patrick White for approximately twenty-six years, until his death in 1990. It is also known as the Patrick White House; Patrick White's House. The property is privately owned. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 19 November 2004.

title: Emma (novel)

text: Likewise, the Australian school John Wiltshire wrote one of Austen's achievements to "give depth" to the "Highbury world".[33] Wiltshire noted that Austen put the population of Highbury as 352 people, and wrote though clearly most of these people don't appear as characters or as minor characters at best, that Austen created the impression of Highbury as a "social commonwealth".[33] Wiltshire used as an example of Mr. Perry, the town doctor who is frequently mentioned in the town gossip, but never appears in the book, having a "kind of familiarity by proxy".[33] Wiltshire also noted that the scene where Emma and Harriet visit a poor cottage on the outskirts of Highbury, and during their walk, it is made clear from Emma's remarks that this part of Highbury is not her Highbury.[33]

title: Highbury

text: According to the 2001 census Highbury has a population of 21,959. It is 75% White, 11% Black and 6% Asian. 40% of Highbury's residences are owner-occupied. The area is considered as multi-ethnic part-gentrified.

title: Highbury Fields School

text: Highbury Fields School (formerly Highbury Hill High School) is a community secondary school for girls and coeducational sixth form, located next to Highbury Fields in the Highbury area of the London Borough of Islington, England.

title: Highbury Park, Birmingham

text: Highbury Park is a public park located in Moseley, Birmingham, UK. The estate of Highbury Hall, the former residence of Joseph Chamberlain, stands on the park's northern edge.

title: Highbury

text: A need for a place for Catholic residents of Highbury to worship in the 1920s led to the commissioning of St Joan of Arc's church, thought to be the first dedicated to the saint canonised in 1920,[2] on a site on Kelross Road where the church hall is now located.[2] The church was soon expanded, but the influx of Catholic residents after the war led to a need for a new, larger church.[3] The new church, also dedicated to St Joan of Arc, and designed by Stanley Kerr Bate, opened on 23 September 1962 on Highbury Park.[3]

title: Highbury Park, London

text: Highbury Park is a street in Highbury, London, that runs from Blackstock Road in the north to Highbury Grove in the south.

title: Highbury

text: The Highbury Community Association (HCA) was formed in 1997. Since then, the HCA has grown to represent residents and businesses in Highbury, Lower Holloway and Finsbury Park. The HCA campaigns on many different aspects of living and working in this area of North Islington in London.

title: Highbury

text: By 1794 Highbury consisted of Highbury House and Highbury Hill House, Highbury Barn and the gated terraces of Highbury Terrace and Highbury Place, which had been built on land leased by John Dawes. Highbury may have stayed this way, as the plan was to create a 250 acres (1.0km2) park– Albert Park– between St Paul's Road/Balls Pond Road and the Seven Sisters Road. Instead a 27.5 acre (111,000 m2) site, which is now Highbury Fields was saved in 1869 and the 115 acre (465,000 m2) Finsbury Park were created. The rest of the area was developed.

title: Hotdog (magazine)

text: The magazine was originally published by I Feel Good Ltd, before being sold to Paragon Publishing in 2002. Paragon was bought by Highbury House Communications PLC in 2003, becoming first Highbury-Paragon and later Highbury Entertainment. Following Highbury House's financial collapse in 2005, the Highbury Entertainment magazines were sold off to various other companies, including Future Publishing and Imagine Publishing. Hotdog was sold to SMD Publishing in early 2006, who closed the magazine in November 2006.

title: Fleetwood Flyers

text:
Monday 10 April 1950 Brough Newcastle Diamonds 54 Fleetwood Flyers 30 (NS)
Wednesday 12 April 1950 White City Glasgow Tigers 55 Fleetwood Flyers 28 (NS)
Saturday 15 April 1950 Sun Street Stoke Potters 49 Fleetwood Flyers 34 (NS)
Saturday 22 April 1950 Old Meadowbank, Edinburgh Monarchs 58 Fleetwood Flyers 26 (NS)
Saturday 29 April 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers v Newcastle Diamonds (NS) Cancelled / Abandoned
Tuesday 2 May 1950 Saracen Park, Ashfield Giants 58 Fleetwood Flyers 25 (NS)
Wednesday 3 May 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 43 Ashfield Giants 39 (NS)
Wednesday 10 May 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 41 Sheffield Tars 42 (NS)
Friday 12 May 1950 The Shay Halifax Dukes 56 Fleetwood Flyers 28 (NS)
Saturday 13 May 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 33 Halifax Dukes 49 (NS)
Monday 15 May 1950 Stanley Liverpool Chads 47 Fleetwood Flyers 37 (Cha)
Wednesday 17 May 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 38 Stoke Potters 46 (NS)
Friday 19 May 1950 Owlerton Sheffield Tars 52 Fleetwood Flyers 32 (NS)
Saturday 20 May 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 47 Glasgow Tigers 37 (NS)
Wednesday 24 May 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 43 Edinburgh Monarchs 41 (NS)
Saturday 27 May 1950 Firs Norwich Stars 63 Fleetwood Flyers 44 (NT)
Wednesday 31 May 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 48 Norwich Stars 59 (NT)
Wednesday 7th June1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 39 Halifax Dukes 45 (NLD2)
Wednesday 14 June 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 52 Newcastle Diamonds 32 (NS)
Wednesday 21 June 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 57 Yarmouth Bloaters 27 (NLD2)
Saturday 24 June 1950 Sun Street Stoke Potters 38 Fleetwood Flyers 46 (NLD2)
Wednesday 28th June1950 Highbury Avenue Fleetwood Four Team Challenge
Saturday 1 July 1950 Old Meadowbank, Edinburgh Monarchs 50 Fleetwood Flyers 33 (NLD2)
Wednesday 5 July 1950 Fleetwood World Championship Round
Friday 7 July 1950 Blackbird Road Leicester Hunters 47 Fleetwood Flyers 37 (Ch)
Wednesday 12 July 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 40 Walthamstow Wolves 44 (NLD2)
Saturday 15 July 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers v Glasgow Tigers (NLD2) Rained Off
Monday 17 July 1950 London Walthamstow Wolves 54 Fleetwood Flyers 30 (NLD2)
Wednesday 19 July 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 37 Ashfield Giants 46 (NLD2)
Saturday 22 July 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 40 Glasgow Tigers 44 (NLD2)
Wednesday 26th July1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 58 Leicester Hunters 26 (Ch)
Saturday 29 July 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 46 Plymouth Devils 38 (NLD2)
Wednesday 2 August 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 34 Coventry Bees 50 (NLD2)
Saturday 5 August 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 55 Liverpool Chads 41 (Ch)
Wednesday 9 August 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 50 Stoke Potters 34 (NLD2)
Saturday 12 August 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 54 Newcastle Diamonds 30 (NLD2)
Wednesday 16 August 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 47 Norwich Stars 37 (NLD2)
Saturday 19 August 1950 Firs Norwich Stars 69 Fleetwood Flyers 15 (NLD2)
Tuesday 22 August 1950 Caister Road Yarmouth Bloaters 59 Fleetwood Flyers 25 (NLD2)
Saturday 26 August 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 39 Southampton Saints 45 (NLD2)
Thursday 31 August 1950 Pennycross Plymouth Devils 57 Fleetwood Flyers 27 (NLD2)
Saturday 2 September 1950 Brandon Coventry Bees 59 Fleetwood Flyers 25 (NLD2)
Wednesday 6 September 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers v Cradley Heath Heathens (NLD2) Rained Off
Friday 8 September 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 37 Cradley Heath Heathens 47 (NLD2)
Monday 11 September 1950 Dudley Wood Cradley Heath Heathens 58 Fleetwood Flyers 26 (NLD2)
Wednesday 13 September 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 54 SheffieldTigers 30 (NLD2)
Friday 15 September 1950 Bannister Court Southampton Saints 56 Fleetwood 28 (NLD2)
Tuesday 19 September 1950 Saracen Park, Ashfield Giants 35 Fleetwood Flyers 49 (NLD2)
Wednesday 20 September 1950 Highbury Fleetwood Flyers 42 Edinburgh Monarchs 42 (NLD2)
Wednesday 27 September 1950 White City Glasgow Tigers 56 Fleetwood Flyers 28 (NLD2)
Monday 2 October 1950 Stanley Liverpool Chads 55 Fleetwood Flyers 40 (Ch)
Wednesday 4 October 1950 The Shay, Halifax Dukes 51 Fleetwood Flyers 33 (NLD2)
Thursday 5 October 1950 Owlerton Sheffield Tigers 68 Fleetwood Flyers 18 (NLD2)
Monday 9 October 1950 Brough Park, Newcastle Diamonds 60 Fleetwood Flyers 23 (NLD2)

title: Emma (novel)

text: Mr. & Mrs. Cole have been residents of Highbury who had been there for several years, but have recently benefited from a significant increase in their income that has allowed them to increase the size of their house, number of servants and other expenses. In spite of their "low origin" in trade, their income and style of living has made them the second most prominent family in Highbury, the most senior being the Woodhouses at Hartfield. They host a dinner party that is a significant plot element.

title: Highbury Square

text: Highbury Square has 650 flats. Former Arsenal player Robert Pires owned one of the flats which was sold in 2015 by Century21 Estate Agents. Although it houses private residences, Highbury Square has a public footpath through it. Drainage issues in 2010 initially prevented this footpath from being opened, which led to it being called a "gated community" by local councillors.

title: Highbury

text: Highbury was also home to Highbury Studios a film/TV/recording studio further along the same street, at 65A Highbury New Park; these studios had a training school next door in a disused church hall. Built initially as a music conservatoire in 1890, the site became a recording studio in 1926 for the Piccadilly label. In 1933, they became the Highbury (film) Studios and in 1945 they were acquired by the Rank Organisation. Due to economic difficulties, Rank closed the studios down and they were demolished in 1960. Athenaeum Court, a block of flats, now occupies the site.

title: Highbury

text: The book A London Family 1870–1900 by Molly Hughes, ISBN0-19-282896-7. In particular it mentions Highbury New Park. The film Killing Her Softly was partially filmed on Highbury New Park. The film Fever Pitch was filmed around the Arsenal stadium and along Highbury Hill. The film Four Weddings and a Funeral begins with Hugh Grant trying to hail a taxi at Highbury Corner and ends in front of the houses that run along the edge of Highbury Fields. The film The Arsenal Stadium Mystery was filmed in and around the Arsenal stadium. The poem Summoned by Bells by John Betjeman. This verse autobiography mentions Highbury several times, including St Saviours Church on Aberdeen Park, which he used to attend. St Saviours closed in 1980 and is now an art studio. Highbury is where the fictional comedy character Mr. Bean lives. Writer Alan Moore recorded a 'beat seance' in and about Highbury, titled 'The Highbury Working'. In the early 70s a drama was filmed by the BBC called "The House on Highbury Hill". Highbury is mentioned in Vanity Fair, the novel by William Makepeace Thackeray; in chapter 4, the Sedleys are said to be going "to dine with Alderman Balls, at Highbury Barn." The novel Emma by Jane Austen is set in a village called Highbury, though located in Surrey. Highbury is mentioned in The Fire Sermon, part III of T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land: "Highbury bore me. Richmond and Kew / Undid me."

title: Emirates Stadium

text: The Emirates Stadium pays tribute to Arsenal's former home, Highbury. The club's offices are officially called Highbury House, located north-east of Emirates Stadium, and house the bust of Herbert Chapman that used to reside at Highbury. Three other busts that used to reside at Highbury of Claude Ferrier (architect of Highbury's East stand), Denis Hill-Wood (former Arsenal chairman) and manager Arsène Wenger have also been moved to Emirates Stadium and are in display in the entrance of the Diamond Club.[105] Additionally, the clock that gave its name to the old Clock End has been resited on the new clock end which features a newer, larger replica of the clock. The Arsenal club museum, which was formerly held in the North Bank Stand, opened in October 2006 and is located to the north of the stadium, within the Northern Triangle building. It houses the marble statues that were once held in the marble halls of Highbury.[106]

title: Highbury Korfball Club

text: Highbury 1 compete again for the London Regional League and South & East Promo League, whilst Highbury 3 are promoted to LKA Division 2 alongside Highbury 2. Highbury 4 continue to develop in LKA Division 3.

title: Highbury Fields

text: John Dawes bought much of the demesne and began the residential development of Highbury. He granted leases in 1774-9 for 39 houses on Highbury Place. These were designed and built by John Spiller, a speculative builder of Southwark. The terrace was completed in 1777. Famous residents include:

title: Highbury Korfball Club

text: In the season of 2006–07, Highbury expanded to become a 3 team club. To ensure the quality rose with the quantity, Highbury travelled to the Netherlands once again to compete in an outdoor tournament but this time took in a couple of extra days to participate in a training camp run for Highbury's benefit by Mart Huijbregts. Highbury looked internally to strengthen its coaching staff base and subsidised that attendance of two of its members to the annual Avon Tyrell Level 2 Coaching Qualification course.

title: Highbury Theatre

text: The theatre's resident company remains, The Highbury Players who during the course of a 10-month season; put on 7 Main Stage productions and 3 Studio plays. The plays are chosen by an elected Arts Committee led by the Arts Director and aim to continue the Highbury tradition of having within every season; an English Classic, an International Classic and a play connecting the theatre with our own times, amongst both classic and contemporary plays. The theatre is one of two major amateur companies that operate in the Sutton Coldfield area, the other being Sutton Arts Theatre who have close ties with Highbury both historically and personally.

title: Highbury Fields

text: It extends north from Highbury Corner almost as far as Highbury Barn. Besides parkland, Highbury Fields contains recreational facilities including tennis courts and Highbury Pool, which reopened after refurbishment in January 2007.

title: Highbury Hall

text: Highbury Hall, now a Grade II* listed building, was commissioned as his Birmingham residence by Joseph Chamberlain in 1878, two years after he became member of parliament for Birmingham. It took its name from the Highbury area of London, where Chamberlain had lived as a child. The architect was John Henry Chamberlain (no relation), who incorporated much terracotta decoration.


query: How large is Santa Barbara?

title: Santa Barbara, California

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 42.0 square miles (108.8km2), of which 19.5 square miles (51km2) of it is land and 22.5 square miles (58km2) of it (53.61%) is water. The high official figures for water is due to the extension of the city limit into the ocean, including a strip of city reaching out into the sea and inland again to keep the Santa Barbara Airport (SBA) within the city boundary.

title: Santa Barbara Library

text: The Santa Barbara Public Library is located in the center of the city of Santa Barbara, between Anacapa and State Streets, opposite to the Santa Barbara County Courthouse building and adjacent to the Santa Barbara Museum of Art.

title: Santa Barbara Police Department

text: The Santa Barbara Police Department is a local law enforcement agency in the city of Santa Barbara, California. It was founded in January 1900 by the mayor at the time, Charles A. Storke. The department's jurisdiction is a little over and has a population of around 90,000.Santa Barbara is a city in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Situated on an east-west trending section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coast of the United States, the city lies between the steeply-rising Santa Ynez Mountains and the sea. Santa Barbara's climate is often described as Mediterranean, and the city is sometimes referred to as the "American Riviera."

title: History of the University of California, Santa Barbara

text:
Intense lobbying by an interest group in the City of Santa Barbara, led by Thomas Storke and Pearl Chase, persuaded the State Legislature, Governor Earl Warren, and the Regents of the University of California to move the State College over to the more research-oriented University of California system in 1944. The State College system sued to stop the takeover, but the Governor did not support the suit. A state initiative was passed, however, to stop subsequent conversions of State Colleges to University of California campuses. From 1944 to 1958 the school was known as Santa Barbara College of the University of California, before taking on its current name.
Originally, the Regents envisioned a small, several thousand-student liberal arts college, a so-called "Williams College of the West", at Santa Barbara. Chronologically, UCSB is the third general-education campus of the University of California, after Berkeley and UCLA (the only other state campus to have been acquired by the UC system). The original campus the Regents acquired in Santa Barbara was located on only of largely unusable land on a seaside mesa. The availability of a portion of the land used as Marine Corps Air Station Santa Barbara until 1946 on another seaside mesa in Goleta, which the Regents could acquire for free from the federal government, led to that site becoming the Santa Barbara campus in 1949. Originally, only 3000–3500 students were anticipated, but the post WWII baby boom led to the designation of general campus in 1958, along with a name change from "Santa Barbara College" to "University of California, Santa Barbara," and the discontinuation of the industrial arts program for which the State college was famous. A Chancellor, Samuel B. Gould, was appointed in 1959. All of this change was done in accordance with the California Master Plan for Higher Education.

title: Mission Santa Barbara

text: Mission Santa Barbara, also known as Santa Barbara Mission, is a Spanish mission founded by the Franciscan order near present-day Santa Barbara, California. It was founded by Padre Fermín Lasuén on December 4, 1786, the feast day of Saint Barbara, as the tenth mission for the religious conversion of the indigenous local Chumash-Barbareño tribe of Native American people. The mission is the namesake of the city of Santa Barbara as well as of Santa Barbara County.

title: KPFK

text: With its 110,000-watt main transmitter atop Mount Wilson, KPFK is one of the most powerful FM stations in the western United States. The station can be heard from the California/Mexico border to Santa Barbara to Ridgecrest/China Lake. A second 10-watt translator is licensed in Isla Vista, California, a census-designated place outside Santa Barbara. The transmitter for that station is located atop Gibraltar Peak, allowing its broadcast to be heard over a large portion of southern Santa Barbara County.

title: Isla Vista, California

text:
Isla Vista is served by two adjudicated, general circulation Santa Barbara newspapers: The daily "Santa Barbara News-Press" (sold by the New York Times Company in 2000 to local resident Wendy P. McCaw), with a circulation of about 25,000, and the "Santa Barbara Independent", a weekly with 40,000 audited circulation. Other media available include Edhat Online Magazine, an aggregation of citizen news and links to other media websites, The Daily Nexus, UC Santa Barbara's independent student paper, "The Bottom Line", UC Santa Barbara's weekly student-run newspaper,Noozhawk, a local affairs website, Builder/Architect Gold & Central Coast Edition.
Some Los Angeles and San Diego radio stations can be heard, although somewhat faintly due to the distance. Santa Monica-based NPR radio station KCRW can be heard in Santa Barbara at 106.9 MHz, and San Luis Obispo-based NPR station KCBX at 89.5 MHz and 90.9 MHz. There is an NPR station that has a news team in Santa Barbara, covers stories, news and programming for the area; KCLU (102.3 FM, 1340 AM). The only non-commercial radio station based in Santa Barbara is KCSB-FM, at 91.9  MHz, which is housed on the UC Santa Barbara campus and funded by the students of University of California, Santa Barbara.

title: Santa Barbara, California

text: Baker, Gayle. Santa Barbara. Harbor Town Histories, Santa Barbara. 2003. ISBN (print) 0-9710984-1-7 (e-book) 978-0-9879038-1-5 Birchard, Robert S. Silent-Era Filmmaking in Santa Barbara. Arcadia Publishing. 2007. ISBN0-7385-4730-1 Graham, Otis L.; Bauman, Robert; Dodd, Douglas W.; Geraci, Victor W.; Murray, Fermina Brel. Stearns Wharf: Surviving Change on the California Coast. Graduate Program in Public Historical Studies, University of California, 1994. ISBN1-883535-15-8 Tompkins, Walker A. Santa Barbara, Past and Present. Tecolote Books, Santa Barbara, CA, 1975. Tompkins, Walker A. It Happened in Old Santa Barbara. Sandollar Press, Santa Barbara, CA, 1976. Tompkins, Walker A. Santa Barbara History Makers. McNally & Loftin, Santa Barbara. 1983. ISBN0-87461-059-1

title: Naval Reserve Center Santa Barbara

text:
Located in the Santa Barbara waterfront area at 113 Harbor Way, the Naval Reserve Center Santa Barbara, originally known as the Naval Reserve Armory, was built for the Navy by the Federal Government's Works Project Administration (WPA). In 1939 the City of Santa Barbara had deeded the land to the Navy with the customary $1.00 payment to make the contract legal. The City transferred the land to the Navy because city leaders and many others in the community felt strongly that a Naval Reserve Armory would be beneficial to Santa Barbara. Local Reservists had already used their Navy training to help their community in many ways - from aiding in recovery efforts following a disastrous earthquake, to participating in neighborhood improvement efforts and a variety of other community activities.
The City Fathers also believed that the building itself, with its large assembly hall and classrooms, could be of benefit to the community. This proved to be true; in 1958 the Center's commanding officer reported "In a disaster the Naval Reserve Center is equipped to aid in civil defense. It has a stand-by generator capable of supplying sufficient power to operate its shop, radio station, and the Reserve Center itself, if the shore power should be cut off. A dispensary and a large area where cots can be place for disaster victims is available." Over the years facilities at the Naval Reserve Center were used by Santa Barbara City College, UC Santa Barbara, youth groups, a high-level scientific conference, and for numerous other activities of benefit to the community. It was also the home of Santa Barbara's first maritime museum, the Santa Barbara Naval and Maritime Museum, founded in 1982 by Lieutenant Commander Douglas Stouffer, commanding officer of the Naval Reserve Center.

title: Cat Canyon Oil Field

text: The Cat Canyon Oil Field is a large oil field in the Solomon Hills of central Santa Barbara County, California, about 10 miles southeast of Santa Maria. It is the largest oil field in Santa Barbara County, and as of 2010 is the 20th-largest in California by cumulative production.

title: Santa Barbara County, California

text: The four Channel Islands in Santa Barbara County are Santa Barbara Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island, and the large Santa Cruz Island. All of them contain native and endemic wildlife, like the island oak and Torrey Pine. All four have the deer mouse living on them, the three latter, the island fox, and the two latter, the island spotted skunk. There used to be skunks on San Miguel Island, but due to predation from marine life, birds, and foxes, the San Miguel Island skunk has gone extinct.

title: University of California, Santa Barbara

text: Originally, the regents envisioned a small, several thousand–student liberal arts college, a so-called "Williams College of the West", at Santa Barbara. Chronologically, UCSB is the third general-education campus of the University of California, after Berkeley and UCLA (the only other state campus to have been acquired by the UC system). The original campus the regents acquired in Santa Barbara was located on only of largely unusable land on a seaside mesa. The availability of a portion of the land used as Marine Corps Air Station Santa Barbara until 1946 on another seaside mesa in Goleta, which the regents could acquire for free from the federal government, led to that site becoming the Santa Barbara campus in 1949.

title: Santa Barbara Library

text: The Santa Barbara Public Library is the second library in Santa Barbara. It is the largest element of the library system which serves Santa Barbara County, containing 290,086 volumes. In fiscal year 2017 the library system circulated 1,888,710 items to approximately 235,577 residents. The library's director is Jessica Cadiente. There are branch libraries in Solvang, Buellton, Goleta, Montecito, Carpinteria, and on the Eastside of Santa Barbara. The Santa Barbara Public Library System is a member of the Black Gold Library Consortium, which also includes the San Luis Obispo Library System, the Paso Robles Library, the Santa Maria Library, the Lompoc Library, and the Blanchard Library in Santa Paula.

title: Santa Barbara City College

text: Santa Barbara City College was established by the Santa Barbara High School District in 1909, making it one of the oldest community colleges in California. The college was discontinued shortly after World War I, and its work largely taken over by the Santa Barbara State Normal School, which became the Santa Barbara State College, and later, the University of California, Santa Barbara.

text: The Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Sea Center, briefly known as the Ty Warner Sea Center, is a museum owned and operated by the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History and is located on Santa Barbara's Stearns Wharf. The Sea Center focuses on the marine life and the related conservation of the Santa Barbara Channel.

title: Mission Santa Barbara

text: The Santa Barbara Mission-Archive Library is now an independent non-profit educational and research institution that is separate from Mission Santa Barbara, but occupying a portion of the mission building complex. Some Franciscans serve on the Board of Trustees along with scholars and community members; the institution is directed by a lay academic scholar. It is the oldest library in the State of California that still remains in the hands of its founders, the Franciscans. Beginning with the writings of Hubert Howe Bancroft, the library has served as a center for historical study of the missions for more than a century. The collections of the Santa Barbara Mission-Archive Library had their inception in the 1760s with Fray Junipero Serra's plans for missions in Alta California. The collections include named sections, the Junipero Serra Collection (1713–1947), the California Mission Documents (1640–1853), and the Apostolic College collection (1853–1885). The archive-library also has a large collection of early California writings, maps, and images as well as a collection of materials for the Tohono O'oodham Indians of Arizona.

title: Santa Barbara County, California

text: The city of Santa Barbara and other coastal communities support a significant tourism economy. White-collar jobs, previously with an emphasis in aerospace but more recently in software and other high-tech pursuits are encouraged by proximity to the University of California, Santa Barbara. Vandenberg Air Force Base has traditionally had a large economic impact in the northern portion of the county and continues to be the site of frequent satellite launches.

title: Presidio of Santa Barbara

text: The first "comandante", José Francisco Ortega, planned the fortifications and irrigation works. He obtained livestock for the presidio from Mission San Buenaventura, established orchards, and began large-scale farming. In 1784, Felipe de Goicoechea took over as comandante, supervising construction of the fortifications and living quarters for the soldiers and their families. Two years later, construction of the nearby Mission Santa Barbara began in 1786. The "pueblo" or town of Santa Barbara developed around the Presidio, which offered protection for the residents. The chapel in the Presidio was the primary place of worship for the residents of early Santa Barbara, until its destruction by the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake. The mission, located a mile and a half inland, was mainly intended for use by the native Chumash (Barbareño) s after their conversion to Catholicism.

title: Orcutt Oil Field

text: The Orcutt Oil Field is a large oil field in the Solomon Hills south of Orcutt, in Santa Barbara County, California. Discovered in 1901 by William Warren Orcutt, it was the first giant field (over in ultimate recovery) to be found in Santa Barbara County, and its development led to the boom town of Orcutt, now the major unincorporated southern suburb of Santa Maria. With a cumulative production in 2008 of of oil, it is the largest onshore producing field in Santa Barbara County.

title: Santa Barbara County, California

text: Santa Barbara County, California, officially the County of Santa Barbara, is a county located in the southern region of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 423,895. The county seat is Santa Barbara, and the largest city is Santa Maria.

title: Tea Fire

text: San Marcos High School in Santa Barbara became an emergency shelter, operated by the American Red Cross, Santa Barbara County Chapter. Earl Warren Showgrounds was opened for large animal evacuees, while small animals could be brought to the Santa Barbara Humane Society in Goleta.

title: Santa Barbara, California

text: Chumash Painted Cave State Historic Park Labor relations at the Santa Barbara News-Press List of cities and towns in California List of mayors of Santa Barbara, California Santa Barbara City Fire Department USNS Mission Santa Barbara (T-AO-131) USS Santa Barbara

title: University of California, Santa Barbara campus

text: West Campus, aside from a few buildings dedicated to faculty housing, has largely been leased out to private organizations, and includes a school for the mentally disabled and a large nature preserve. The largest sand dunes on the south-facing coast of the Santa Barbara Channel are located here.

title: USNS Mission Santa Barbara

text: SS "Mission Santa Barbara" was a Type T2-SE-A2 tanker built for the United States Maritime Commission during World War II. After the war she was acquired by the United States Navy as USS "Mission Santa Barbara" (AO-131). Later the tanker transferred to the Military Sea Transportation Service as USNS "Mission Santa Barbara" (T-AO-131). She was a and was named for Mission Santa Barbara in Santa Barbara, California.

title: John T. Rickard

text: Rickard chose not to run for a third term as Mayor and would return to his career as a lawyer. He would remain politically involved in Santa Barbara. During this time he worked intimately with the likes of city matriarch Pearl Chase and former Santa Barbara News-Press owner T.M. Storke to promote the creation of “smokeless” industry based on the research and development potential offered by UCSB. He believed that essential to that vision was a full service commercial airport capable of handling the new generation of large jet planes. It was he who figured out that by extending city jurisdiction to include a 50-foot-wide ribbon of land underneath the ocean that ran up the coast to the airport, Santa Barbara could claim the airport as “contiguous” property, essential to the annexation process. The shoestring annexation would allow the City of Santa Barbara to make improvements, upgrades, and operations expansions required to meet federal requirements to retain commercial carriers vital to Santa Barbara's economic vitality. On November 14, 1961 the airport land was annexed by the City of Santa Barbara.

title: Pearl Chase

text: She had a significant influence on the architecture of the city of Santa Barbara, but Chase never held political or government office of any sort. Chase was largely responsible for the recasting of Santa Barbara architecture in the Spanish Colonial Style in the wake of the 1925 Santa Barbara earthquake. She founded a number of civic institutions in Santa Barbara, including the local chapter of the American Red Cross, the Community Arts Association, the Santa Barbara Trust for Historic Preservation, and the Indian Defense Association.

title: Jude Bijou

text: Jude is currently a writer, speaker, and frequent radio guest residing in Santa Barbara, CA. Jude Bijou has taught “"How to Communicate Simply, Lovingly, and Effectively"” through Santa Barbara City College Adult Education for twenty years. She also lectures on topics such as “"Gracefully Dealing With Emotions And Negative Thoughts"” (Cottage Hospital Psychiatric Grand Rounds, Santa Barbara CA, December 2012), and “Emotions, Thoughts, Feelings, And Change” (California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists, Santa Barbara, June 2011).

title: Santa Barbara, California

text: After the forced secularization of the Missions in 1833, successive Mexican Governors distributed the large land tracts formerly held by the Franciscan Order to various families in order to reward service or build alliances. These land grants to local notable families mark the beginning of the "Rancho Period" in California and Santa Barbara history. The Fernando Tico was one of the first settlers who received land grants for the local area. Fernando led the Native Americans against the Argentinian pirate in the 1800s. The population remained sparse, with enormous cattle operations run by wealthy families. It was during this period that Richard Henry Dana, Jr. first visited Santa Barbara and wrote about the culture and people of Santa Barbara in his book Two Years Before the Mast.

title: History of Santa Barbara, California

text: Writer Charles Nordhoff, commissioned by Southern Pacific Railroad to write about Santa Barbara to draw easterners to the town, was largely responsible for the boom in the tourism industry that commenced in the 1870s, and which would eventually lead to Santa Barbara becoming a world-famous resort. He praised Santa Barbara as the "pleasantest" spot in California, and particularly delightful for those suffering health ills; his book resulted in steamships full of travelers, many of whom came to stay. The luxurious and instantly famous Arlington Hotel, built in 1874 (and destroyed by fire in 1909), housed many of them.

title: Santa Barbara, California

text: In addition to being a popular tourist and resort destination, the city economy includes a large service sector, education, technology, health care, finance, agriculture, manufacturing, and local government. In 2004, the service sector accounted for fully 35% of local employment.[15] Education in particular is well represented, with four institutions of higher learning on the south coast (the University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara City College, Westmont College, and Antioch University). The Santa Barbara Airport serves the city, as does Amtrak (most notably the Pacific Surfliner which runs from San Diego to San Luis Obispo). U.S. Highway 101 connects the Santa Barbara area with Los Angeles to the southeast and San Francisco to the northwest. Behind the city, in and beyond the Santa Ynez Mountains, is the Los Padres National Forest, which contains several remote wilderness areas. Channel Islands National Park and Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary are located approximately 20 miles (32km) offshore.

title: UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's soccer professionals

text: A list of the players from the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's soccer team to play soccer professionally as well as how they left UC Santa Barbara. Players in bold have senior international caps.


query: What is the oldest surviving example of sculpture?

title: Statue

text: The Löwenmensch figurine from the Swabian Alps in Germany is the oldest known statue in the world, and dates to 30,000-40,000 years ago.[6][7][8] The Venus of Hohle Fels, from the same area, is somewhat later.[9] Throughout history, statues have been associated with cult images in many religious traditions, from Ancient Egypt, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, and Ancient Rome to the present.

title: Biserica Neagră

text: Much of the outside structure was built in friable grit, which caused outer sculptures and masonry elements to deteriorate with time. The oldest features surviving include several sculptures, arches, simpler masonry patterns such as trilobes, as well as numerous portals, while the crowning is imitation Gothic dating from the 18th century.

title: Art of Mesopotamia

text:
The art of Mesopotamia has survived in the archaeological record from early hunter-gatherer societies (10th millennium BC) through the Bronze Age cultures of the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires. These empires were later replaced in the Iron Age by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires. Widely considered to be the cradle of civilization, Mesopotamia brought significant cultural developments, including the oldest examples of writing.
The art of Mesopotamia rivaled that of Ancient Egypt as the most grand, sophisticated, and elaborate in western Eurasia from the 4th millennium BC until the Persian Achaemenid Empire conquered the region in the 6th century BC. The main emphasis was on various durable forms of sculpture in stone and clay; little painting has survived, but what does exist suggests that, with some exceptions, painting was mainly used for geometrical and plant-based decorative schemes. Most sculptures were painted as well. Cylinder seals have survived in large numbers, many including complex and detailed scenes despite their small size.

title: Anglo-Saxon art

text: Apart from Anglo-Saxon architecture, which survives entirely in churches, with only a handful of largely unaltered examples, monumental stone sculpture survives in large stone crosses, an equivalent to the high crosses of the Celtic areas of Britain. Most sculpture was probably once painted, clarifying the designs, which are mostly in relatively low relief and not finished with great precision, and now almost all badly worn and weathered. Dating is usually difficult. Sculpture in wood was very likely more common, but almost the only significant large survival is St Cuthbert's coffin in Durham Cathedral, probably made in 698, with numerous linear images carved or incised in a technique that is a sort of large-scale engraving. The material of the earliest recorded crosses is unknown, but may well have been wood. From various references (to its destruction by Christians) there would seem to have been a tradition of Anglo-Saxon pagan monumental sculpture, probably in wood, of which no examples remain (as opposed to later Anglo-Scandinavian pagan imagery), and with which the crosses initially competed.

title: Statue of St Christopher, Norton Priory

text: Experts comment on the quality of the carving, the general condition of the sculpture, and the rareness of survival of such objects. Comments include the following. The statue is "one of the very few representatives in Britain of the genre of colossal religious figural sculpture, and it is in outstanding condition". It is "one of the few remaining British examples of colossal religious figurative sculpture, and remains in outstanding condition despite the upheavals of the 16th and 17th centuries." The art historian Phillip Lindley describes the statue as "the work of a sculptor whose mastery of this rather unpromising material is such that his figure need not fear comparison with almost any sculpture of its period in England. It is a work of national and even international significance, one of the most important pieces of late medieval sculpture to survive from the north of England ...It is an extremely rare survival of gigantic sculpture from late medieval England, since there are no other sculpted English images of this saint to set against the great continental survivors ..."

title: Girdle book

text: There are hundreds of artistic representations of girdle books. Their popularity in art indicates a much wider distribution and adoption of the girdle book as a binding than surviving copies suggest. A list of 150 examples "shows the proportion of representation in painting and in sculpture [as] almost equal." However, only 23 medieval girdle books have survived in their original binding, the oldest datable example being from Kastl, Germany (ca. 1453). At least part of the reason for the small number of surviving examples stems from the fact that the use of the girdle book was largely confined to a narrow area from the Netherlands to the Upper Rhine Valley.

title: Nepalese sculpture

text: The Licchavi period, named for the ruling Licchavi family, spanned 400-750 A.D. A sculpture of Baman Tribikram erected by Lichchhavi king Man Dev is considered to be the oldest sculpture in Nepal. Sculptures that were created during the Licchchhavi period include ones of Palanchowk Bhagawati, Budhanilkantha, etc. The statues inside Changu Narayan Temple and around it, statue of Palanchowk Bhagawati, statue of Budhanilkantha are few examples of sculptures made during the Licchchhavi period of time.

title: Foreman–Roberts House

text: The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is significant "as a rare example of the Gothic Revival Style of architecture", being the only surviving example in Carson City and one of few in Nevada. It is also the oldest surviving house in Carson City.

title: John Dwight (potter)

text: On 3 March 1674 Dwight's six-year-old daughter Lydia died. In her memory he produced two ceramic sculptures, which are among the oldest examples of this type in Europe. In the same year he exhibited similar sculptures to the Royal Society, indicating that he was developing his method of manufacturing salt-glazed stoneware in order to enable it to be used for this purpose. Statues and figures are mentioned in his revised patent of 1684, although he does not seem to have produced any after this date, almost all the known examples having been made in the 1670s. The names of the modellers of the sculptures are not known.

title: Mahabodhi Temple

text: Many of the oldest sculptural elements have been moved to the museum beside the temple, and some, such as the carved stone railing wall around the main structure, have been replaced by replicas. The main temple's survival is especially impressive, as it was mostly made of brick covered with stucco, materials that are much less durable than stone. But this means that very little of the original sculptural decoration has survived.

title: Golden Madonna of Essen

text: Dated around the year 980, it is both the oldest known sculpture of the Madonna and the oldest free-standing medieval sculpture north of the Alps, and is also one of the few major works of art to survive from Ottonian times. To this day it remains an object of veneration and symbol of identity for the population of the Ruhr Area. It is the only full-length survival from what appears to have been a common form of statue among the wealthiest churches and abbeys of 10th and 11th century Northern Europe; some of these were life-size, especially figures of the Crucifixion.

title: Fama International

text: The Survival Art Museum paid homage to the victims' ingenuity while under siege. The museum displayed a diverse collection of artifacts, including jewelry, sculptures, posters, fashions, stoves, and comic books which are all examples of what FAMA calls "Survival Art." These exhibits were shown in Tokyo in a 1996 exhibition that highlighted pieces like the highly reproduced "Survival Map '92-'96" .

title: Roman sculpture

text: Compared to the Greeks, the Romans made less use of stone sculpture on buildings, apparently having few friezes with figures. Important pediments, such as the Pantheon for example, originally had sculpture, but hardly any have survived. Terracotta relief panels called Campana reliefs have survived in good numbers. These were used to decorate interior walls, in strips.

title: Aztecs

text: Sculptures were carved in stone and wood, but few wood carvings have survived. Aztec stone sculptures exist in many sizes from small figurines and masks to large monuments, and are characterized by a high quality of craftsmanship. Many sculptures were carved in highly realistic styles, for example realistic sculpture of animals such as rattlesnakes, dogs, jaguars, frogs, turtle and monkeys.

title: Sculpture

text: Byzantine art, though producing superb ivory reliefs and architectural decorative carving, never returned to monumental sculpture, or even much small sculpture in the round. However, in the West during the Carolingian and Ottonian periods there was the beginnings of a production of monumental statues, in courts and major churches. This gradually spread; by the late 10th and 11th century there are records of several apparently life-size sculptures in Anglo-Saxon churches, probably of precious metal around a wooden frame, like the Golden Madonna of Essen. No Anglo-Saxon example has survived, and survivals of large non-architectural sculpture from before 1,000 are exceptionally rare. Much the finest is the Gero Cross, of 965–970, which is a crucifix, which was evidently the commonest type of sculpture; Charlemagne had set one up in the Palatine Chapel in Aachen around 800. These continued to grow in popularity, especially in Germany and Italy. The rune stones of the Nordic world, the Pictish stones of Scotland and possibly the high cross reliefs of Christian Great Britain, were northern sculptural traditions that bridged the period of Christianization.

title: Sculpture in Scotland

text: Scotland was occupied by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers from around 8500 BCE, who were highly mobile boat-using people making tools from bone, stone and antlers. From about 3000 BCE they introduced the many standing stones and circles such as those at Stenness on the mainland of Orkney, which date from about 3100 BCE. These were part of a pattern that developed in many regions across Europe at about the same time. Probably the oldest examples of portable visual art to survive from Scotland are carved stone balls, or petrospheres, that date from the late Neolithic era. They are a uniquely Scottish phenomenon, with over 425 known examples. Most are from modern Aberdeenshire, but a handful of examples are known from Iona, Skye, Harris, Uist, Lewis, Arran, Hawick, Wigtownshire and fifteen from Orkney, five of which were found at the Neolithic village of Skara Brae. Many functions have been suggested for these objects, most indicating that they were prestigious and powerful possessions. Their production may have continued into the Iron Age. The complex carved circles and spirals on these balls can be seen mirrored in the carving on what was probably a lintel from a chambered cairn at Pierowall on Westray, Orkney, which seem to be part of the same culture that produced carvings at Newgrange in Ireland.

title: Korean art

text: Baekje Buddhist sculpture is characterized by its naturalness, warmness, and harmonious proportions exhibits a unique Korean style. Another example of Korean influence is the use of the distinctive "Baekje smile", a mysterious and unique smile that is characteristic of many Baekje statutes. While there are no surviving examples of wooden architecture, the Mireuksa site holds the foundation stones of a destroyed temple and two surviving granite pagodas that show what Baekje architecture may have looked. An example of Baekje architecture may be gleaned from Horyu-ji temple because Baekje architects and craftsmen helped design and construct the original temple.

title: List of oldest heraldry

text: The oldest surviving heraldic seals are the equestrian seals (German: "Reitersiegel") used by high nobility in the second half of the 12th century. Among the oldest examples from the Holy Roman Empire, of what would develop into German heraldry, is the lion (or "leopard") of the Staufer coat of arms, first used before 1146 by Henry "the Lion", and in 1181 on the seal of Frederick VI of Swabia. Similar seals are known from England, the oldest being the equestrian seal of King Richard Lionheart of the House of Plantagenet, dated 1189, showing a heraldic lion design on the king's shield. His second seal, dated 1198, shows the three lions design which would subsequently become the royal coat of arms of England.

title: Golden Madonna of Essen

text: The Golden Madonna is both the oldest known sculpture of the Madonna and the oldest free-standing sculpture north of the Alps. It is also one of only two extant medieval gilded cult images. Gilded sculptures are frequently mentioned in medieval documents, but apart from an image of Saint Fides in the abbey of Saint-Foy in Conques in Southern France no such artifacts survive (the Madonna of Hildesheim was stripped of its original gold-leaf covering at some time). We know Charlemagne had a life-size crucifix with the figure of Christ in gold in his Palatine Chapel in Aachen, the oldest such object to be described, and many similar figures in precious metal, all now vanished, are recorded in large Anglo-Saxon churches and elsewhere. Most often they are crucifixes, and sometimes accompanying figures of Mary and John the Evangelist are mentioned, as for example those by Spearhafoc in the 11th century.

title: Romanesque art

text: With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the tradition of carving large works in stone and sculpting figures in bronze died out, as it effectively did (for religious reasons) in the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) world. Some life-size sculpture was evidently done in stucco or plaster, but surviving examples are understandably rare. The best-known surviving large sculptural work of Proto-Romanesque Europe is the life-size wooden Crucifix commissioned by Archbishop Gero of Cologne in about 960–965, apparently the prototype of what became a popular form. These were later set up on a beam below the chancel arch, known in English as a rood, from the twelfth century accompanied by figures of the Virgin Mary and John the Evangelist to the sides. During the 11th and 12th centuries, figurative sculpture strongly revived, and architectural reliefs are a hallmark of the later Romanesque period.

title: Peggy of Castletown

text: She is clinker-built and was schooner-rigged with a bowsprit. A set of her spars is preserved with her, along with her armament (six cannon and two stern chasers) and the winding gear employed to draw her into the boathouse. She is the oldest surviving schooner in the world and the oldest surviving example of the shallop hull form. She was fitted with sliding keels (progenitors of the modern daggerboard) not long after the invention of the technology by John Schank, and she is the oldest surviving example of such a vessel.

title: Literary criticism in Iran

text: The oldest surviving work of Persian literary criticism is the "Muqaddamah-i Shāhnāmah-i Abū Manṣūrī" (Introduction to Abū Manṣūr's "Shāhnāmah"). "This work deals with the myths and legends of the "Shāhnāmah" and is considered the oldest surviving example of Persian prose."

title: Religious art

text: Early Christian art survives from dates near the origins of Christianity. The oldest surviving Christian paintings are from the site at Megiddo, dated to around the year 70, and the oldest Christian sculptures are from sarcophagi, dating to the beginning of the 2nd century. Until the adoption of Christianity by Constantine Christian art derived its style and much of its iconography from popular Roman art, but from this point grand Christian buildings built under imperial patronage brought a need for Christian versions of Roman elite and official art, of which mosaics in churches in Rome are the most prominent surviving examples.

title: Ancient Greek sculpture

text: The Classical Period also saw an increase in the use of statues and sculptures as decorations of buildings. The characteristic temples of the Classical era, such as the Parthenon in Athens, and the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, used relief sculpture for decorative friezes, and sculpture in the round to fill the triangular fields of the pediments. The difficult aesthetic and technical challenge stimulated much in the way of sculptural innovation. Most of these works survive only in fragments, for example the Parthenon Marbles, roughly half of which are in the British Museum.

title: Sculpture in Scotland

text: Sculpture in Scotland includes all visual arts operating in three dimensions in the borders of modern Scotland. Durable sculptural processes traditionally include carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material), in stone, metal, clay, wood and other materials. In the modern era these were joined by assembly by welding, modelling, moulding and casting. Some installation art can also be considered to be sculpture. The earliest surviving sculptures from Scotland are standing stones and circles from around 3000 BCE. The oldest portable visual art are carved-stone petrospheres and the Westray Wife is the earliest representation of a human face found in Scotland. From the Bronze Age there are extensive examples of rock art, including cup and ring marks and elaborate carved stone battle-axes. By the early Iron Age Scotland had been penetrated by the wider European La Tène culture, and a few examples of decoration survive from Scotland. There are also decorated torcs, scabbards, armlets and war trumpets. The Romans began military expeditions into what is now Scotland from about 71 CE, leaving a direct sculptural legacy of distance slabs, altars and other sculptures.

title: Sculpture in Mexico

text: Sculpture is one of the oldest arts in Mexico. In Prehispanic Mexico, it is present in pyramids, sanctuaries, esplanades and communal objects; examples of this are the Olmec, Mayan, Teotihuacan, Tarascan, Mixtec and Aztec sculptures.

title: Chryselephantine sculpture

text: Few examples of chryselephantine sculpture have been found. The most prominent surviving examples are fragments of several burnt statues (less than life-sized) from the Archaic period, discovered at Delphi. Unfortunately, it is not known whom they depict, although they are assumed to represent deities.

title: Miquelet lock

text: Probably the oldest surviving example of what certainly qualifies as a patilla miquelet lock is item No.I.20 in the Real Armería, Madrid. That unique item is a combination lance and double-barreled gun; its origin unknown, dated almost certainly before 1600.

title: Celestial sphere

text:
A celestial sphere can also refer to a physical model of the celestial sphere or celestial globe.
Such globes map the constellations on the "outside" of a sphere, resulting in a mirror image of the constellations as seen from Earth. The oldest surviving example of such an artifact is the globe of the Farnese Atlas sculpture, a 2nd-century copy of an older (Hellenistic period, ca. 120 BCE) work.

title: Globe

text: No terrestrial globes from Antiquity or the Middle Ages have survived. An example of a surviving celestial globe is part of a Hellenistic sculpture, called the Farnese Atlas, surviving in a 2nd-century AD Roman copy in the Naples Archaeological Museum, Italy.

title: Ndop (Kuba)

text: The durable hardwood and the palm oil anointments underscore the longevity of these works, the earliest examples of which, such as the ndop in the Brooklyn Museum’s collection, are among the oldest surviving wood works from the continent. Three wooden Ndop figures from the Kuba kingdom currently reside in the British Museum. Collected by the Hungarian explorer Emil Torday, one of them is estimated to date back to the eighteenth century, making it one of the oldest wooden sculptures extant from Sub-Saharan Africa. Two similar figures are in the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Belgium.


query: When did Watch Dogs come out?

title: Watch Dogs

text: Watch Dogs (stylized as WATCH_DOGS) is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It was released worldwide on May 27, 2014 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. A Wii U version was released in November 2014. Set in a fictionalized, free-roam, open world version of Chicago, the single-player story follows hacker Aiden Pearce's search for revenge after the killing of his niece. The game is played from a third-person perspective, and the world is navigated on foot or by vehicle. An online multiplayer mode allows up to eight players to engage in cooperative and competitive gameplay.

title: Dog watch

text: A dog watch is a work shift, also known as a "watch", in a maritime watch system that is half the length of a standard watch period. This is typically formed by splitting a single four-hour watch period between 16:00 and 20:00 (4 pm and 8 pm) to form two two-hour dog watches, with the "first" dog watch from 16:00 to 18:00 (4 pm to 6 pm) and the "second" or "last" dog watch from 18:00 to 20:00 (6 pm to 8 pm).

title: Chandogya Upanishad

text: The verses 1.12.1 through 1.12.5 describe a convoy of dogs who appear before "Vaka Dalbhya" (literally, sage who murmurs and hums), who was busy in a quiet place repeating Veda. The dogs ask, "Sir, sing and get us food, we are hungry". The Vedic reciter watches in silence, then the head dog says to other dogs, "come back tomorrow". Next day, the dogs come back, each dog holding the tail of the preceding dog in his mouth, just like priests do holding the gown of preceding priest when they walk in procession. After the dogs settled down, they together began to say, "Him" and then sang, "Om, let us eat! Om, let us drink! Lord of food, bring hither food, bring it!, Om!".

title: Havakazoo

text: The show centres around a puppet dog called Watch Dog and two fleas, Tic and Toc. The fleas live inside Watch Dog's fur, without his knowledge Watch Dog keeps a lookout for things outside a window, and tells the time. The show also featured a character called Messy, a spin dryer made out of unused material, and Nosey, a camcorder who would show clips from the outside world.

title: Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire

text: At Springfield Downs, Homer, inspired by an announcement about a last-minute entry named Santa's Little Helper, bets all his money on the 99-1 long shot. The greyhound finishes last. As Homer and Bart leave the track, they watch the dog's owner angrily disowning him for losing the race. Bart pleads with Homer to keep the dog as a pet, and he reluctantly agrees. When Bart and Homer return home, Homer finally comes clean to the family that he did not get his Christmas bonus; however, the family assumes Santa's Little Helper is their present and are overjoyed by Homer's gesture. The Simpsons family then celebrate by singing "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer".

title: The Dog in the Manger

text: One of Lucian's allusions to the fable gives it a metaphorically sexual slant: 'You used to say that they acted absurdly in that they loved you to excess, yet did not dare to enjoy you when they might, and instead of giving free rein to their passion when it lay in their power to do so, they kept watch and ward, looking fixedly at the seal and the bolt; for they thought it enjoyment enough, not that they were able to enjoy you themselves, but that they were shutting out everyone else from a share in the enjoyment, like the dog in the manger that neither ate the barley herself nor permitted the hungry horse to eat it.' ("Timon the Misanthrope")

title: Empathy

text: Canines have been hypothesized to share empathic-like responding towards human species. Researchers Custance and Mayer put individual dogs in an enclosure with their owner and a stranger. When the participants were talking or humming, the dog showed no behavioral changes, however when the participants were pretending to cry, the dogs oriented their behavior toward the person in distress whether it be the owner or stranger. The dogs approached the participants when crying in a submissive fashion, by sniffing, licking and nuzzling the distressed person. The dogs did not approach the participants in the usual form of excitement, tail wagging or panting. Since the dogs did not direct their empathic-like responses only towards their owner, it is hypothesized that dogs generally seek out humans showing distressing body behavior. Although this could insinuate that dogs have the cognitive capacity for empathy, this could also mean that domesticated dogs have learned to comfort distressed humans through generations of being rewarded for that specific behavior.

title: Fala (dog)

text:
Fala attended Roosevelt's funeral and went to live with the widowed Eleanor Roosevelt at Val-Kill. She took great pleasure in Fala's company, and the two became inseparable companions. She often mentioned Fala in her newspaper column, "My Day", and wrote of him in her autobiography:
It was Fala, my husband's little dog, who never really readjusted. Once, in 1945, when General Eisenhower came to lay a wreath on Franklin's grave, the gates of the regular driveway were opened and his automobile approached the house accompanied by the wailing of the sirens of a police escort. When Fala heard the sirens, his legs straightened out, his ears pricked up and I knew that he expected to see his master coming down the drive as he had come so many times. Later, when we were living in the cottage, Fala always lay near the dining-room door where he could watch both entrances just as he did when his master was there. Franklin would often decide suddenly to go somewhere and Fala had to watch both entrances in order to be ready to spring up and join the party on short notice. Fala accepted me after my husband's death, but I was just someone to put up with until the master should return.
During November 1945 Fala was hospitalized for a week after being attacked at the family's Hyde Park estate by Elliott Roosevelt's 135-pound bull mastiff, Blaze. Fala had been staying with Margaret Suckley and visited Hyde Park. He was on a leash when the larger dog jumped on him, slashing his back and right eye. The attack ended when someone struck Blaze with a rock and dazed him. Blaze tested negative for rabies, but was still euthanized as a precaution against future attacks.

title: Devil Dog

text: In contrast, the term may assume a negative connotation when its usage is connected to a disciplinary activity. The term "devil dogged" or "devil dogging" has come to mean lectured or otherwise reprimanded, prefaced with being called out as a "devil dog".

title: Icelandic Sheepdog

text: In the Icelandic landscape, sheep often get lost and it has historically been the dog's job to find them and return them to the herd. They are, therefore, used to working on their own and to figuring things out for themselves, so owners have to beware lest they learn things they should not. As a watch dog, their main task was to alert the inhabitants when somebody was coming, so these dogs tend to bark a lot when they see people approaching.

title: One Hundred and One Dalmatians

text: Colonel, an Old English Sheepdog, along with his compatriots Captain, a gray horse, and Sergeant Tibbs, a tabby cat, find the puppies in a place called Hell Hall (Cruella's abandoned and dilapidated family estate, also known as The De Vil Place), along with 84 other Dalmatian puppies that she had bought from various dog stores. When Tibbs learns they are going to be made into dog-skin fur coats, Colonel quickly sends word back to London. Upon receiving the message, Pongo and Perdita leave town to retrieve their puppies. Winter has come, and they must cross the Stour River which is running fast and laden with slabs of broken ice. Meanwhile, Tibbs overhears Cruella ordering Jasper and Horace to kill the puppies that night out of fear the police will soon find them. In response, Tibbs attempts to rescue them while Jasper and Horace are preoccupied watching television, but they finish their show and come for them before he can get them out of the house. Pongo and Perdita break in and confront Jasper and Horace just as they are about to kill the puppies. While the adult dogs attack them, Colonel and Tibbs guide the puppies from the house.

title: Dogs (1976 film)

text: Back at SU, Michael and Howard are close to the library when they find two more dead people. Howard panics and runs toward the library. Michael warns him to watch out. Seeing a pack coming at him, Howard desperately begs the students to let him in. However, a large dog jumps on him, knocking him through the glass door, and allowing the pack to enter. They presumably kill all the students. After the dogs leave, Michael finds the dead students in and near the library and looks resigned.

title: Dog watch

text: The "Oxford English Dictionary" states that the word 'dogwatch' is a direct translation from either German or Dutch of a similar term. It originally referred to the night-watch on ships — that is, the time when (on land) all but the dog were asleep. The name is also said to be derived from Sirius, the "Dog Star", on the claim that Sirius was the first star that can be seen at night. An alternative folk etymology is that the name arose because someone tasked with one of these 'half' watches was said to be 'dodging the watch', taking or standing the 'dodge watch'. This became shortened to 'dog watch'. Another variation is that those sleeping get only 'dog sleep' in this watch. Stephen Maturin of Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey-Maturin series retells the 19th century humourist Theodore Hook's pun that the dog watch is so-named because it is "cur-tailed" ("curtailed", i.e. shortened). Dogging in seaman's terms means securing, such as dogging a hatch. It's called a dog watch because each watch is dogged , or secured prematurely to allow for meal times.

title: The Dog (Seinfeld)

text: Jerry, tired of having to put up with Farfel, tries to contact Gavin, but finds out that he checked out of the hospital several days ago. He decides to take the dog to the city pound so that he, George and Elaine can go to the movies together. This upsets Elaine, who persuades him to let her stay with the dog for one more day while he and George go to the movies without her. Elaine's attitude towards the dog changes dramatically when she finds out how disobedient Farfel is. When Gavin finally calls, Elaine angrily tells him to come and collect Farfel or else he has "humped his last leg". Gavin reveals he was diagnosed with Bell's Palsy, the reason he could not call earlier, and comes for the dog, much to the relief of Jerry and Elaine.

title: Dog intelligence

text: Dogs show human-like social cognition in various ways. For example, dogs can react appropriately to human body language such as gesturing and pointing, and they also understand human voice commands. For example, in one study, puppies were presented with a box, and shown that, when a handler pressed a lever, a ball would roll out of the box. The handler then allowed the puppy to play with the ball, making it an intrinsic reward. The pups were then allowed to interact with the box. Roughly three quarters of the puppies subsequently touched the lever, and over half successfully released the ball, compared to only 6% in a control group that did not watch the human manipulate the lever.

title: Dog Gone People

text: Elmer does everything he can to not offend Rupert, but unwittingly fails at the simplest, seemingly banal tasks. First, Fudd turns on the TV so the two of them can watch "Classie", with Fudd stopping Rupert only after reminding him that humans also enjoy watching an adventure series about a dog. Later, Fudd—fixing himself a steak—feeds Rupert dog food, prompting the irritated mutt to once again walk out; Fudd appeases his guest only after eating the dog food himself! That night, when Rupert tries to sleep on the bed, Fudd tries to shoo him out, only for the dog to call his boss to report the offense; a frustrated Fudd, reminded of the consequences of doing an unacceptable job caring for Rupert, winds up sleeping in the dog bed.

title: Winterdance

text: Paulsen returns home from a particularly lengthy trip and settles the dogs down in their kennel. However, he discovers that he is unable to enter the cabin. When his wife, Ruth, comes outside she finds him sitting quietly with the dogs, and Paulsen confesses to Ruth that when he is out with the dogs that he doesn't want to come back. Although they had talked about the Iditarod prior to this point, and wondered at the insanity of the Mushers who competed in it, it is at this moment, with this confession, that Ruth knows Paulsen will compete.

title: Watch Dogs

text: Four collector's editions were available,[43] and the GameStop pre-order version contained a poster by Alex Ross.[49] An eBook, //n/Dark Clouds by John Shirley as a continuation of Watch Dogs, was released in conjunction with the game.[50] Watch Dogs was marketed with a live-action sequence directed by Devin Graham and a three-part documentary series by Motherboard, Phreaked Out.[51] After promotional material was sent to Australian media as a safe containing the game and a voicemail explaining the delivery, the Sydney offices of Nine.com.au (unaware of the voicemail) called a bomb disposal unit when the safe beeped; Ubisoft apologized to the staff.[52] Downloadable content (Bad Blood, with playable character Raymond Kenney) was released in September 2014.[53][54]

title: Faithful Ruslan

text: Initially all dogs used to come to the railway station, waiting in vain for a train with a fresh party of inmates. Eventually all but Ruslan cease doing so. At last a train arrives, bringing a party of enthusiastic workers for a "great construction site of communism" to be launched at the site of the camp. Workers form a column and march forward with songs. Suddenly from all corners of the settlement the former guard dogs come out and take their usual posts around the column. The newcomers are puzzled, but the locals know what's going on and watch with morose expectation. Finally the inevitable happens; a couple of persons see a shop and step out of the ranks "guarded" by the dogs...

title: List of minor characters in Peanuts

text:
In that book, Schulz noted that the character's name came to him in a dream, and he found the combination of a Mexican given name and a Swedish family name hilarious.
An adult person from Cedar Fair's Peanuts live shows who gets along very well, looks like a real human and is performed by a male or a female.
Lila is a female character in "Peanuts" and is Snoopy's previous owner. She got him from the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm and they loved each other very much, but her family could not keep him because the apartment they moved to did not allow dogs. In a daily strip sequence from June 3 to 8, 1968, Lila comes to visit Snoopy, although she's never actually seen during this episode. That August, Snoopy visits Lila in the hospital, wherein she makes her only appearance in the strip, on August 24. Snoopy's hospital visit is also depicted in the second Peanuts movie, "Snoopy, Come Home", where it leads to his decision to return to her; but he goes back to Charlie Brown after reading the No Dogs Allowed sign where she lives. Lila made a flashback appearance when she went to the Humane Society of the United States (actually the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm) and bought Snoopy. At her apartment, Snoopy was fetching a ball, fetching a frisbee, watching TV, and being fed dog food, things he never actually did when he was with Charlie Brown. When there was a sign that said "No Dogs Allowed", she returned him. Her only other animated appearance was in the special "Snoopy's Reunion".

title: Bosko's Holiday

text: Bosko gets the car moving, and the dog comes back and bites a tire. This act causes the air from the tire to be sucked out, into the dog. It inflates like a balloon. Bosko gets mad and sucks the air back to the tire. The unhappy dog leaves, but soon comes back. When the trio walk to the picnic location, they find a log. They put the picnic basket there and start conversing. Bosko whispers an ungentlemanly suggestion to Honey's ear, which causes her to stand up in a huff. Bosko resorts to tempting her with food. He eats a sandwich, chewing noisily with his mouth open, and says it tasted sure fine. She seems tempted. The dog licks Honey's bottom, but she thinks Bosko did it. She slaps him and leaves in anger. Bosko says "Aw, nuts" and the film ends.

title: The Enchanted Watch

text: The son set out with the dog and cat. They saw an island with a house where the princess had fled and conjured up the house to live. The dog swam to it with the cat on its back; the cat stole it and carried it back in its mouth. The dog asked it how far it was to land, and the cat finally answered; the watch fell from its mouth. The cat caught a fish and freed it only when it promised to bring back the watch. It did so, and they restored the watch to the son. He wished the princess and her house and island to drown in the sea, and went back home.

title: Doga (yoga)

text: The UK charity Dogs Trust have also warned that unsupervised Doga may impact the welfare of the dogs, stating: "It is important to remember that dogs can't tell us when they have had enough. Doga, and any variation of it, should always be carried out under the watchful eye of trained professionals".

title: Along Came a Dog

text: "Along Came a Dog" is the story of a friendship between a little red hen and a homeless dog. The little red hen lost her toes during the winter when the floor in the hen house froze up. When spring came, her toes fell off in the mud when she walked out the hen house. The homeless dog comes to the farm looking for a home. However, Joe had a bad experience with dogs and took him away from the farm. Joe's previous red flock of chicken were eaten by a pack of dogs. Joe took the dog away twice, but the dog always found his way back to the farm.

title: Prairie dog

text: Alarm response behavior varies according to the type of predator announced. If the alarm indicates a hawk diving toward the colony, all the prairie dogs in its flight path dive into their holes, while those outside the flight path stand and watch. If the alarm is for a human, all members of the colony immediately rush inside the burrows. For coyotes, the prairie dogs move to the entrance of a burrow and stand outside the entrance, observing the coyote, while those prairie dogs that were inside the burrows will come out to stand and watch as well. For domestic dogs, the response is to observe, standing in place where they were when the alarm was sounded, again with the underground prairie dogs emerging to watch.

title: Deck the Halls (2005 film)

text: Widow Holly and her son Ben arrive to her mother's new workplace. When they meet neighbor Nick, Ben believes that Nick is Santa Claus and keeps trying to set up Holly and Nick to get his wish that his dead father would come back. He sends Holly and Nick secret-admirer letters "from each other." When they meet they figure out that they were set up. Figuring Ben did it, Holly lectures her son on how some people aren't meant to be together. While Ben and Nick play hockey, a post truck hits Ben's dog Oscar; at the vet's, Holly blames Nick for the incident. Many scenes later they make up and kiss. Nick turns out to be Santa in the end with Holly and Ben watching in awe. Nick flies into the sky in a sleigh guided by reindeer. The veterinarian comes to the house with Oscar and announces that the dog will be fine. At the end, Holly becomes engaged...to the veterinarian.

title: Norfolk Terrier

text: Generally, Norfolks are not given to digging but, like any dog, will dig out of boredom when left alone for too long a period. Norfolks are not yappers and are not particularly vocal; however, they will bark when appropriate given their watch-dog tendencies. They generally cohabit well with other household pets when introduced as a puppy. Outdoors, they are natural hunters with a strong prey drive for small vermin.

title: Rupert Sheldrake

text: Before the publication of "Dogs That Know When Their Owners Are Coming Home", Sheldrake invited Richard Wiseman, Matthew Smith, and Julie Milton to conduct an independent experimental study with the dog Jaytee. They concluded that their evidence did not support telepathy as an explanation for the dog's behaviour, and proposed possible alternative explanations for Sheldrake's conclusions, involving artefacts, bias resulting from experimental design, and post hoc analysis of unpublished data. The group observed that Sheldrake's observed patterns could easily arise if a dog were simply to do very little for a while, before visiting a window with increasing frequency the longer that its owner was absent, and that such behaviour would make sense for a dog awaiting its owner's return. Under this behaviour, the final measurement period, ending with the owner's return, would always contain the most time spent at the window. Sheldrake argued that the actual data in his own and in Wiseman's tests did not bear this out, and that the dog went to wait at the window sooner when his owner was returning from a short absence, and later after a long absence, with no tendency for Jaytee to go to the window early in the way that he did for shorter absences.

title: Peter Pan (1954 musical)

text: As Mr. and Mrs. Darling prepare for an evening out, two of their children, Wendy and John, play at being their parents. When Mrs. Darling notices Michael is left out, she gets him into the game and joins in with all of them ("1, 2, 3") watched by the dog Nana, their nursemaid. When Mr. Darling comes in to have his tie tied, he questions having a dog as a nursemaid, but Mrs. Darling defends her. The previous week, while the children slept, Nana saw a boy in the room who flew out of the window before she could catch him, leaving behind his shadow, which Mrs. Darling has put away in a drawer. In spite of this, Mr. Darling insists on Nana spending the night downstairs. Mrs. Darling and the children sing a lullaby ("Tender Shepherd").

title: The Dragon Can't Dance

text: Fisheye comes to the corner one day with a pistol and tells the eight of them there that they are not to part when the police come around to kick loiterers off the street. His plan is that two of them will begin fighting when the police come, and when they get out to break it up, "they will see". When the police come by and break up Crowley and Synco's brawl, they cuff the police at gun-point, put them in the back and speed off in the squad car. They go to Woodford Square, the political centre of Port of Spain, where speeches and rallies are always held. Over the megaphone they proclaim: "This is the People's Liberation Army." At one point Aldrick takes the microphone and says: "make no peace with slavery…make no peace with shanty towns, dog shit, piss. We have to rise up as people. People". Before this point, it had not been fully understood that Aldrick or any of these men, except for maybe Liberty Varlance, had any political motives behind their rebellious lifestyles. Crowds assemble to watch the chase, and it ensues for a couple of days, as the police figured they were not a threat to anyone's safety and they would eventually tire themselves out or run out of gas.

title: A Mutt in a Rut

text: While Elmer goes to work for half a day one Saturday morning, Wover turns on his favorite TV show, "The Dog Lovers Hour". The subject matter of the day deals with the relationship between dog and master, with host Carlton Canine asking Wover (rhetorically) whether he was one of those dogs who is forced to sleep in a cold doghouse while his master sleeps in his warm bed. Also pointing out that after a dog has worn out his usefulness, often when he and his master go out hunting, "two go out...but only one comes back". Plenty enraged by these notions, Wover throws Elmer's framed picture on the floor and stomps on it. Then he boots Elmer in the backside when he comes home, "brings" him his slippers, deposits them in a trash can and spits on them afterwards, and then jumps up on the bed in defiance, growling at Elmer when confronted about it. Elmer kicks him out of the house as punishment.


query: When was Park Chung-hee born?

title: Park Chung-hee

text: Park Chung-hee (Korean:박정희;Hanja:朴正熙; 14 November 1917 – 26 October 1979) was a South Korean politician and general who served as the President of South Korea from 1963 until his assassination in 1979, assuming that office after first ruling the country as head of a military dictatorship installed by the May 16 coup in 1961. Before his presidency, he was the chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction from 1961 to 1963 after a career as a military leader in the South Korean army.

title: Moon Chung-hee

text: Moon Chung-hee is a South Korean poet.

title: Assassination of Park Chung-hee

text: Park Chung-hee, president of South Korea, was assassinated on Friday, October 26, 1979 at 7:41 p.m. during a dinner at a Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) safehouse inside the Blue House presidential compound, in Gungjeong-dong, Seoul. The assassination was carried out by Kim Jae-gyu, the then director of KCIA and the president's security chief. Park was shot in the chest and head, and died almost immediately. Four bodyguards and a presidential chauffeur were also killed. The incident is often referred to as "10.26" or the "10.26 incident" in South Korea.[1]

title: Park Chung-hee

text: On 24 October 2007, following an internal inquiry, South Korea's National Intelligence Service (NIS) admitted that its precursor, the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA), undertook the kidnapping of opposition leader and future President Kim Dae-jung, saying it had at least tacit backing from then-leader Park Chung-hee.[72][73]

title: Yun Chi-young

text: December 17, 1963, to March 30, 1966, Mayor of Seoul. In 1968, he advised Park Chung-Hee, social security authorities for long time. He fought his nephew Yun Bo-seon, and he was followed to Park Chung-Hee.

title: Lee Chung-hee (basketball)

text: Lee Chung-Hee (Hangul: 이충희) (born November 7, 1959 in Cheolwon, Gangwon Province, South Korea) is a retired South Korean basketball player.

title: Coup d'état of May Seventeenth

text: On October 26, 1979, the former president of South Korea of the time, Park Chung-hee, was assassinated by the leader of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA). Following the death of the former president, South Korea entered a state of transition. Times prior to the death of Park Chung-hee, was void of democracy and South Korea was an autocratic state. After the assassination, a revision to change South Korea into a nation of democracy was attempted to be implemented. Choi Kyu-hah, who was the prime minister of the time, became the successor of Park Chung-hee and was appointed the role of acting president. With Choi Kyu-ha in power, restricting regulations of the rule of Park Chung-hee were repealed and opposition leaders and activists, such as Kim Dae-jung, were freed from restraint. Choi Kyu-ha later became the official president of South Korea on December 6, 1979. Despite the attempt to change South Korea from an autocratic state to a democratic nation, the already established ideals stemming from the Yushin Constitution, such as martial law and dictatorial rule, was failed to be abolished and an authoritarian rule of the military remained.

title: Park Geun-hye

text: Park had been often criticized for being the "daughter of a dictator (Park Chung-hee)" and for not actively supporting the Lee administration by supporters of Lee Myung-bak. A national-level poll conducted in July 2012 by a conservative newspaper reported that 59% of participants responded they did not believe Park was a "daughter of a dictator" while 36% agreed with the characterization. Park Chung-Hee's status as a dictator became a contested topic after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. GNP party elites saw this as their chance to revitalize Park Chung-Hee's image, focusing on South Korea's economic growth during his administration, thus steadily changing his public perception.

title: Chung Yun-hee

text: Chung Yun-hee (; born 3 January 1983) is a South Korean long-distance runner and marathon race specialist.

title: Yuk Young-soo

text: Yuk Young-soo ( November 29, 1925 – August 15, 1974) was the wife of the 3rd South Korean president Park Chung-hee and the mother of the 11th South Korean president Park Geun-hye. She was killed in 1974 during an attempted assassination of her husband, Park Chung-hee.

title: Lee Chung-hee (swimmer)

text: Lee Chung-Hee (also Lee Chung-Hui, ; born April 25, 1981) is a South Korean former swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. He is a sixth-place finalist in the 50 m freestyle, when his nation South Korea hosted the 2002 Asian Games in Busan.

title: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Korea)

text: After Syngman Rhee's resignation, an interim government briefly held power until Major General Park Chung-hee took control through a military coup on May 16, 1961. Amid pressure from the United States, the new military government decided to hold elections in 1963 to return power to a civilian government. Park Chung-hee ran for president in those elections and was narrowly elected. In 1967 and 1971, Park Chung-hee ran for re-election and won using a constitutional amendment that allowed a president to serve more than two terms.

title: Yun Chi-young

text: 1948–1956 he was lost Lee Ki-poong and the fight, following. After year he was 3 years old professor teaching. After May 16, 1961, Park Chung-Hee was the military coup. He after approved of Park Chung-Hee.

title: Kim Jong-pil

text: Kim died on June 23, 2018, at Shindangdon Northern Seoul at the age of 92. His tomb of Gamyo (가묘 치표) was made at Wuisan Western Buyeo of his hometown along with Park Young-ok, cousin of president Park Chung-hee in 2015. Park Chung-hee 3rd uncle & revered by President Park: Park, Sanghee's daughter recommended by President Park's Joongmae(중매) tradition in South Korea.

title: Kim Jae-gyu

text: Kim was born in Park Chung-hee's hometown, Gumi-si, in the southern Korean province of Gyeongsangbuk-do during the Japanese occupation. He graduated from Gyeongbuk University in 1945 and became a middle school teacher until the newly independent South Korean government established its military and created the Korea Military Academy, then called Joseon Defense Academy. He graduated from the Joseon Defense Academy in December 1946, the same year as Park Chung-hee, and from Army College in 1952. He served as a regimental commander in 1954 and as vice-president of the Army College in 1957, where Kim Gye-won was the president at the time. (Later Kim Gye-won became Chief Presidential Secretary to President Park and was present at the scene of assassination.) In 1961, when Park Chung-hee staged a military coup to seize power, Kim did not participate in the coup and was suspected of being a counterrevolutionary. He was temporarily detained until he was released on Park's order. He served Park's military dictatorship from then until his assassination of Park in 1979.

title: Assassination of Park Chung-hee

text: : a recollection of Park's assassination.

title: Yi Cheol-seung

text: On May 16, 1961, Park Chung-hee, Kim Jong-pil, and Lee Nak-sun successfully staged a military coup d'etat. Immediately after, Park Chung-hee sent aides to try and win over key opposition lawmakers including Lee who rejected Park's request for help. Lee was forced to leave politics and went to the United States where he was vocally opposed to the military coup in Korea and studied Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania.

title: Lee Chung-hee

text: Lee Chung-hee () may refer to:

title: Park Chung-hee (handballer)

text: Park Chung-Hee (born April 10, 1975) is a female South Korean handball player who competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

title: Yuk Young-soo

text: In August 1950 she met Park Chung-hee through a relative who was serving under Park. On 12 December 1950 she married Park Chung-hee. While her mother supported her choice of husband, Yuk's father was against the match, so she married without his blessing.

title: 1978 South Korean presidential election

text: Two-stage presidential elections were held in South Korea in May and July 1978, the second elections held under the framework of the Yushin Constitution. Members of the National Council for Reunification electoral college were elected on 18 May and proceeded to elect the president on 6 July. Incumbent President Park Chung-hee was elected, as in 1972, without opposition. Elections to the National Council for Reunification, an electoral college specified by the constitution, took place on 18 May, and Park Chung-hee was subsequently elected with the support of 2,578 members out of 2,581. One vote was declared invalid, the two remaining delegates were not present. Park Chung Hee would continue in office for just over a year before his assassination on 26 October 1979 and the subsequent collapse of the Yushin system.

title: First Lady

text: When the wife of the president is incapacitated, the role of First lady fell to the oldest daughter of the president during Park Chung-hee's era. Park Chung-hee's wife, Yuk Young-soo, was assassinated on August 15, 1974, and his daughter, Park Geun-hye assumed the First Lady.

title: Chun Doo-hwan

text: Chun's government did not have the considerable political influence enjoyed by Park Chung-hee's administration. His government could not ignore American influence, and he ended South Korea's nuclear weapons program. During this time, Chun was worried about the state of South Korean-American relations, which had greatly deteriorated towards the end of Park Chung-hee's long authoritarian presidency. Chun needed to be recognized by the United States to legitimize his government.

title: Park Chung-hee

text: In 2012 the Park Chung-hee Presidential Library and Museum was opened.[4] On 25 February 2013, his eldest daughter, Park Geun-hye, became the first female president of South Korea. She was impeached and removed from office on 10 March 2017 as a result of an influence-peddling scandal. On 6 April 2018, Park's daughter was sentenced to 24 years in prison for corruption.[5][6]

title: Kim Chungyum

text: Kim Chung-yum (; born 3 January 1924) is a South Korean politician. Under President Park Chung-hee, he was the longest serving chief presidential secretary in South Korean history. He also served as Minister of Finance and Minister of Commerce and Industry, playing a leading role in the country's miraculous economic development.

title: Choi Tae-min

text: Choi was an associate of former-president President Park Chung-hee until the latter's death by assassination in 1979. Kim Jae-gyu, the director of the KCIA who assassinated President Park Chung-hee, told a court that one of his motives was what he called the president’s failure to stop Choi Tae-min's corrupt activities and keep him away from his daughter.

title: Park Chung-hee

text: Park oversaw transitional changes between the two Koreas from conflict to consolidation. In 1961, the North Korean leader, Kim Il-sung secretly sent Hwang Tae-song, a former friend of Park Chung-hee and a vice-minister in ministry of trade, to South Korea, hoping to improve inter-Korean relations. However, in order to dissipate the suspicions about his Communist leanings and assure Americans his firm stance as an ally, Park decided to execute Hwang as a spy.[26][27]

title: Chung Hee-seok

text: Chung Hee-seok (born January 29, 1977) is a former professional South Korean tennis player.

title: Gumi, North Gyeongsang

text: The former President of South Korea, Park Chung-hee, was born in the city.

title: New Democratic Party (South Korea)

text: The New Democratic Party of Korea (; NDP) was a South Korean opposition party that existed from 1963 to 1980, when it was forcibly dissolved by the ninth amendment of the constitution promulgated by Chun Doo-hwan the same year. It was the main opposition party during the Park Chung-hee dictatorial regime, and especially since 1972, when the Yushin constitution was put into effect.In September 1969, the regime amended the Constitution to allow the incumbent president Park Chung-hee run for a third reelection. The opposition had no consensus on that issue, so some representatives voted for it and others did the opposite. This caused an internal party crisis that resulted in the dissolution of the party and the presentation of a communique showing the opinion on the issue.