query: Who is the head coach of the Ohio State Buckeyes football team?

title: 2019 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 2019 Ohio State Buckeyes football team will represent the Ohio State University during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Buckeyes will play their home games at Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio. This will be the Buckeyes' 130th overall season and 107th as a member of the Big Ten Conference. They will be led by head coach Ryan Day in his first season at Ohio State.

title: 1911 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1911 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1911 college football season. In their first season under head coach Harry Vaughan, the Buckeyes compiled a 5–3–2 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 47 to 42.

title: 1929 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1929 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1929 college football season. In Sam Willaman's first season as head coach, the Buckeyes beat Michigan. The Buckeyes compiled a 4–3–1 record while outscoring opponents 95–69.

title: 2018 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 2018 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Buckeyes played their home games at Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio. This was the Buckeyes' 129th overall season and 106th as a member of the Big Ten Conference. They were led by head coach Urban Meyer in his seventh and final season at Ohio State.

title: 1905 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1905 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1905 college football season. The Buckeyes compiled an 8–2–2 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 197 to 63 in their second season under head coach Edwin Sweetland. Denison forfeited their game on October 14.

title: 2013 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: Ohio State head coach Urban Meyer was in his second year as the Buckeye's head coach during the 2013 season. In his first season with Ohio State, he led the Buckeyes to an undefeated season with twelve wins (12–0), though the team was unable to participate in the Big Ten Championship Game or a bowl game due to sanctions. On February 8, 2013, it was announced the cornerbacks coach Kerry Coombs was promoted to special teams coach for the upcoming season, while also retaining his role as cornerbacks coach.

title: 2004 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 2004 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University during the 2004 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team's head football coach was Jim Tressel. The Buckeyes played their home games at Ohio Stadium. The team finished the season with a record of 8–4 and a Big Ten Conference record of 4–4.Q

title: 1908 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1908 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1908 college football season. In their third season under head coach Albert E. Herrnstein, the Buckeyes compiled a 6–4 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 118 to 92.

title: 1946 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1946 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1946 Big Ten Conference football season. In Paul Bixler's only season as head coach, the Buckeyes compiled a 4–3–2 record and were outscored 166–170.

title: 1939 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1939 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1939 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 6–2 record and outscored foes 189–64. Head coach Francis Schmidt's team won a Big Ten Conference title for the second time in his tenure at Ohio State. He was released as coach of Ohio State a year later.

title: 1903 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1903 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1903 college football season. The Buckeyes compiled an 8–3 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 265 to 87 in their second season under head coach Perry Hale.

title: 1931 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1931 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1931 college football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 6–3 record and outscored opponents by 120, 194–74. Head coach Sam Willaman improved to 2–1 against Michigan.

title: 2003 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 2003 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team's head coach was Jim Tressel. The Buckeyes played their home games in Ohio Stadium. Ohio State finished the season with an overall record of 11–2 and placed second in the Big Ten Conference with mark of 6–2. The Buckeyes concluded their season with a victory over Kansas State in the Fiesta Bowl.

title: 1895 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1895 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1895 college football season. The team was coached by Frederick Bushnell "Jack" Ryder, who was in his fourth and final year of coaching the Buckeyes. The team captain was Renick W. Dunlap.

title: 2017 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 2017 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Buckeyes played their home games at Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio. It was the Buckeyes' 128th overall, the 105th as a member of the Big Ten Conference, and fourth as a member of the Eastern Division. They were led by Urban Meyer, who was in his 6th season as head coach at the school.

title: List of Ohio State Buckeyes head football coaches

text:
[[File:Ryan Day in 2017.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Ryan Day]], head coach of the Ohio State Buckeyes from since 2019
The [[Ohio State Buckeyes football|Ohio State Buckeyes]] [[college football]] team represents the [[Ohio State University]] in the East Division of the [[Big Ten Conference]]. The Buckeyes compete as part of the [[NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision]]. The program has had 24 coaches since it began play during the [[1890 Ohio State Buckeyes football team|1890 season]]. The Buckeyes have played over 1,200 games over 125 seasons. In those seasons, eight [[Head Coach|head coaches]] have led the Buckeyes to postseason bowl games: [[John Wilce]], [[Wes Fesler]], [[Woody Hayes]], [[Earle Bruce]], [[John Cooper (American football)|John Cooper]], [[Jim Tressel]], [[Luke Fickell]], and [[Urban Meyer]]. Twelve coaches have won [[Athletic conference|conference]] championships with the Buckeyes: [[Albert E. Herrnstein|Albert Herrnstein]], [[John R. Richards|John Richards]], Wilce, [[Francis Schmidt]], [[Paul Brown]], [[Carroll Widdoes]], Fesler, Hayes, Bruce, Cooper, Tressel, and Meyer. Four coaches led Buckeyes to NCAA championship victory Brown, Hayes, Tressel, and Meyer.[[College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS|national championships]]
Hayes is the all-time leader in games coached and years coached with the Buckeyes, while also leading all coaches in victories (205). Meyer currently holds the highest [[winning percentage]] of all Buckeye coaches (.901), with a current record of 73–8 in six seasons. [[David Edwards (coach)|David Edwards]] holds the lowest winning percentage of any Buckeye head coach (.167), going 1–7–1 in the only season that he coached. Of the 24 Buckeye head coaches, [[Howard Jones (American football coach)|Howard Jones]], Wilce, Schmidt, Fesler, Hayes, Bruce, Cooper, and Tressel have been inducted into the [[College Football Hall of Fame]]. The most recent head coach of the Buckeyes is [[Urban Meyer]] who was hired in November 2011 and then announced December 4, 2018, he would retire following the Rose Bowl. [[Ryan Day (American football)|Ryan Day]] was slated to become the new coach of the Buckeyes.

title: 2016 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 2016 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented The Ohio State University in the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the Buckeyes' 127th overall, the 104th as a member of the Big Ten Conference, and third as a member of the Eastern Division. The team was led by Urban Meyer, in his fifth year as head coach, and played its home games at Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio.

title: 1951 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1951 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1951 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 4–3–2 record in their first season with Woody Hayes as head coach. The Buckeyes outscored their opponents, 109–104, but fell to Michigan, 7–0, in the season finale.The only score in Woody Hayes' debut as Ohio State's head coach came in the second quarter on a 21-yard scoring pass.

title: 1906 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1906 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1906 college football season. The Buckeyes compiled an 8–1 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 153 to 14 in their first season under head coach Albert E. Herrnstein.

title: 1961 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1961 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1961 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled an 8–0–1 record. They were awarded the national championship by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA). This was the Buckeyes fourth national championship and the third for head coach Woody Hayes.

title: 1910 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1910 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1910 college football season. In their first season under head coach Howard Jones, the Buckeyes compiled a 6–1–3 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 182 to 27.

title: 1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented the Ohio State University in the 1956 Big Ten Conference football season. In their sixth season under head coach Woody Hayes, the Buckeyes compiled a 6–3 record.

title: 1909 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1909 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1909 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Albert E. Herrnstein, the Buckeyes compiled a 7–3 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 219 to 76.

title: 1941 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1941 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1941 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 6–1–1 record and outscored opponents 167–110. In Paul Brown's first season as head coach the Buckeyes tied Michigan. The season opening game versus Missouri was the debut of the Split-T offense, developed by Tigers' coach Don Faurot.

title: 1907 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1907 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1907 college football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 7–2–1 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 160 to 49 in their second season under head coach Albert E. Herrnstein.

title: 1902 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1902 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1902 college football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 6–2–2 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 213 to 26 in their first season under head coach Perry Hale.

title: 1901 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1901 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University during the 1901 college football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 5–3–1 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 94 to 56 in their third and final season under head coach John B. Eckstorm.

title: 1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 1918 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented Ohio State University in the 1918 Big Ten Conference football season. In their sixth year under head coach John Wilce, the Buckeyes compiled a 3–3 record (0–3 against conference opponents) and outscored opponents by a combined total of 134 to 41.

title: 2001 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 2001 Ohio State Buckeyes football season marked a transition from former head coach John Cooper to new head coach Jim Tressel. Tressel was beginning his first season as head coach at the Division 1-A level as the 22nd head coach of the Buckeyes. He came from Youngstown State University where he led the Penguins to four national championships at the Division 1-AA level. The Buckeyes finished the 2000 season with an 8–4 record and Coach Cooper was later fired on January 2, 2001.

title: 2005 Ohio State Buckeyes football team

text: The 2005 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented The Ohio State University in the 2005 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team's head football coach was Jim Tressel. The Buckeyes played their home games in Ohio Stadium. The team finished the season with a win-loss record of 10–2, and a Big Ten Conference record of 7–1. They tied for the Big Ten championship with Penn State.


query: How do you get rid of a tapeworm?

title: Cestoda

text: There are several classes of anthelminthic drugs, some effective against many kinds of parasite, others more specific; these can be used both preventatively[41] and to treat infections.[42] For example, Praziquantel is an effective treatment for tapeworm infection, and is preferred over the older niclosamide. Cestodes can also be treated with certain kinds of antibiotics.[43] While accidental tapeworm infections in developed countries are quite rare, such infections are more likely to occur in countries with poor sanitation facilities or where food hygiene standards are low.[35]

title: Alexander Mackendrick

text: Once a student persistently asked him, "How do you get an actor to do what you want?" After persuasion he replied, "You don't. You get an actor to want what you need. What the director must do is, provide the actor with the encouragement to be what the director needs him to be. There is a reason why you are doing this. It is simple, almost too simple.

title: The Tested

text: "It made me think about what causes someone to act so violently, or how terrifying it’d be to attend one of New York’s toughest high schools. How do you learn? How do you progress? When I went to high school my biggest concern was having to get through Beowulf… these kids have to worry about getting stabbed!" he says.

title: How to Start a Business in Taiwan

text: Author Elias Ek says the book is not about how to start a successful business but how to successfully start a business in Taiwan. This book covers Taiwan-specific issues like:Ek says his ambition in writing the book is "that when you hire an accountant to do the paperwork, you know the questions to ask. You would be able to point to a Chinese term and say: ’Is that what you are talking about?’ So you can get on the same page easier. My second ambition is that you could also do the whole process on your own."

title: Anthrenus sarnicus

text: First of all get rid of all nests and hives in your backyard. Those are great places for beetles to nest which you do not want. Then, spray liquid insecticide around the perimeter of your house. Make sure so wear proper clothing at all times before you do this.

title: Sophie Lyons

text: After she had finished, George shouted, "That woman is a thief and a shoplifter. I have seen her steal in Montreal and elsewhere." He denied his mother's charges, claiming she wanted to get rid of him, and that he had "recommendations showing his good character". He went on to make further criminal charges against his mother, continuing, "Yes, you want to get rid of me, and you're my mother. How can I tell you are when you have two husbands with whom you go all over the country, stealing everywhere?" These accusations caused a disturbance in the court room and the magistrate called for a recess to listen to both mother and son in private.

title: Nobody Likes Onions

text: Matt is a very popular fan because he is completely blind. His dad drove him over to be on episode 424: Blind Ambition. On the show Patrick is constantly worried that Matt might injure himself or something. After everyone gets comfortable, Patrick asked questions everyone would want to know from a blind man such as, "How do you masturbate? How do you use a computer? How do you find the bowl when you pee?".

title: Amédée, or How to Get Rid of It

text: Amédée, or How to Get Rid of It () is a play written by Eugène Ionesco in 1954 based on his earlier short story entitled "Oriflamme".

title: Spit (card game)

text: The goal of the game is to get rid of all your cards as quickly as possible. The players do not take turns - physical speed and alertness are required to play faster than your opponent. On each deal, by being first to play all your stock pile cards you can reduce the number of cards you have in the next deal. By being successful for several deals you can eventually get rid of all your cards, thereby winning the game.

title: Simon T. Bailey

text:
"Release Your Brilliance" focuses on the 4 C's: Clarity: understanding your reason and purpose; Cut: understanding how to frame past experiences; Color: how do I think about what I want to do and how to I get there; Carat: the size of your dream
Mark Victor Hansen has been quoted as saying, "Whether you see, hear, or read him, you will enjoy Simon's message, and will inspire you to be, do and have all that you desire. Simon is an original voice that stimulates you to know that you are brilliant and have unlimited potential."

title: Media in The Simpsons

text: A real-life journalist named Reid, who Gray interviewed for his book, states that the episode "Girly Edition" mirrors well how some journalists actually work. She said the episode shows "the ludicrous nature of, you know, what we do in a lot of things. The kids news with Bart and Lisa: I mean, you see them do really stupid stories about the news, and 'news you can use,' and 'how to get rid of your sheets when you wet them.' I mean, people really "do" stories like that." Steven Keslowitz writes in his book "The World According to the Simpsons" that the episode showcases the fact that "the viewing of attractive newscasters and the use of persuasive tones of voice often do have an impact on the minds of many intelligent members of American society." With that said, the episode parodies the relationship between hard and intelligent journalism championed by Lisa and the "Up Close and Personal" style preferred by Bart.

title: Slap tonguing

text: To create this effect, lay your tongue against a lot of the reed. Gently push upward so that the tip and rail of the reed is closed. Get rid of as much air in the oral cavity as you can and seal off the lip so that you have an airtight fit. The tongue is quickly released in a downward motion. When you release the tongue downward, you also drop your jaw and open your mouth in a "popping" motion. This is all done very quickly. Do not pull the tongue back towards your throat. It needs to pop downward away from the roof of the mouth to get the most volume, do not blow air through the horn and do not inhale when you release your tongue.

title: Raúl Zibechi

text: "Zibechi goes to Bolivia to learn. Like us, he goes with questions, questions that stretch far beyond the borders of Bolivia. How do we change the world and create a different one? How do we get rid of capitalism? How do we create a society based on dignity? What is the role of the state and what are the possibilities of changing society through anti-state movements?... the most important practical and theoretical questions that have risen from the struggles in Latin America and the world in the last fifteen years or so... The book is beautiful, exciting, stimulating... Do read it and also give it your friends."

title: Solution-focused brief therapy

text:
Coping questions are designed to elicit information about client resources that will have gone unnoticed by them. Even the most hopeless story has within it examples of coping that can be drawn out:
""I can see how things have been really difficult for you, yet I am struck by the fact you get up each morning and do everything necessary to get the kids off to school. How do you do that?""
Genuine curiosity and admiration can help to highlight strengths without appearing to contradict the client's perception of the problem. An initial summary ""I can see how things have been really difficult for you"" is for them true and validates their story. The second part ""you manage to get up each morning etc."", is also a truism, but one that counters the problem-focused narrative. Undeniably, they cope and coping questions start to gently and supportively challenge the problem-focused narrative.

title: Juan Williams

text: Following his firing from NPR, Williams appeared on "The O'Reilly Factor" and discussed his thoughts on how his role at Fox played into NPR's decision: "I don't fit in their box. I'm not a predictable black liberal. You [O'Reilly] were exactly right when you said you know what this comes down to. They were looking for a reason to get rid of me because I'm appearing on Fox News. They don't want me talking to you." On December 9, 2016, on Fox Business Channel, Stuart Varney asked Williams (half in jest), "Do you see yourself ever joining the Republican Party?" Williams answered, "I have two sons in the Republican Party, so, yes."

title: Porto dos Milagres

text: Adma, in order to get rid of Eriberto poisons a drink and you can drink it, you realize the tricks and exchange cups, killing her. Then the foreman also takes the drink, beside the dying woman who has always loved.

title: Dan Gerson

text: We write a version of the script...and then we blow it to bits, we get in there with the Pixar brain trust, and they just smash it apart, and then you rebuild it and you do that like six, seven times. That's why we were on the movie for three and a half years. People can't understand how it could take that long to write. It's just that you're doing different iterations of the movie and it's getting better every time...we both worked on the first one and having those voices in our head, knowing that we want to stay true to those voices even though we're going ten years in the past...so that when you watch "Monsters, Inc", there's consistency...The main thing is just to write, and we meet a lot of young writers who say, "I want to get into the business, how do I get into the business?" And a lot of them have trouble completing their first screenplay...you only get better by writing and rewriting and rewriting.

title: Peganum harmala

text: It is also used as an anthelmintic (to expel parasitic worms). Reportedly, the ancient Greeks used the powdered seeds to get rid of tapeworms and to treat recurring fevers (possibly malaria).

title: Escape from Astigar's Lair

text: Elisabeth Barrington reviewed the adventure in "The Space Gamer" No. 30. She opined, "I wish all the modules JG published were as well-written and as fun to play as is "Escape From Astigar's Lair". Play moved quickly enough that the characters do not have time to sit and wonder how to resolve something, they must get in there and "do" it. In this respect, play simulates real happenings in such a situation. How much time would you want to take to figure out how to get rid of a water weird if you had used up half of your sixty minutes to get to that messy situation in the first place? It is suggested that the DM use a timing system, for it is with this that the module was designed to work." She continued, "Aside from the arbitrary lessenings of the powers of some spells to almost useless, and allowing only a few options in given situations, there is not much wrong with the supplement. There are typos, as in almost any book of this kind, but they can be borne in the face of such good work." Barrington concluded her review by describing the adventure as "Well worth the small price. The design can be built upon for future uses, or changed in small ways for the individual needs of the players. If you like the AD&D system, this is a "good" way in which to use it."

title: Solomon Asch

text: As a result of World War II in the 1940s, Asch and other social psychologists were interested in propaganda. They wondered: How do you get people to believe what you want them to believe? How do you get people to believe they should sacrifice for the war effort?

title: African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem

text: We chose to stay there about three and a half years in order to get rid of the foolishness of America before making way to the land of Israel. To make a person born again. To die from the hell we came out of, to get rid of it—to learn to get rid of the hate... to get rid of our bitterness... Liberia was always conceived as the place where we would learn to be righteous. Those of us who wanted to do right shedded off the hate and came home to Israel.

title: Rid of You

text: "Rid of You" is the tenth single by Natalia. The song was meant to be the first single of her third album, but a few weeks after she recorded this song and she wanted to do some promotion, her voice "crashed". So, the recordings of the new album couldn't take place and Rid of You couldn't get any promotion. Though, the song still reached number 14 without any promotion or a music video.

title: David Ahenakew

text: How else do you get rid of a disease like that, that's going to take over, that's going to dominate?

title: How Do You Get Your Kicks

text: "How Do You Get Your Kicks" is a song by Australian pop-rock group Uncanny X-Men. The song was released in April 1983 as the group's debut single. It peaked at number 51 on the Kent Music Report.

title: Maria Callas

text:
Voigt herself explained how her dramatic weight loss affected her breathing and breath support:
Much of what I did with my weight was very natural, vocally. Now I've got a different body—there's not as much of me around. My diaphragm function, the way my throat feels, is not compromised in any way. But I do have to think about it more now. I have to remind myself to keep my ribs open. I have to remind myself, if my breath starts to stack. When I took a breath before, the weight would kick in and give it that extra "Whhoomf"! Now it doesn't do that. If I don't remember to get rid of the old air and re-engage the muscles, the breath starts stacking, and that's when you can't get your phrase, you crack high notes.

title: Tom Merritt

text: Instead of boycotts, he advocated addressing the dangerous working conditions in a broader context. Comparing the conditions at Foxconn to coal mines of the 1800s and early 1900s, he added, "There may be similar types of abuses going on at Foxconn, but we have those kinds of conditions arise because the conditions that the workers are in before they take the job are worse. That doesn't excuse the conditions, but you don't just want to get rid of the factory. You don't want to just get rid of the coal mine and send people back into abject poverty. What you want to do is put pressure on the coal mine or the factory or whatever to begin to change their ways and improve those conditions so that everybody wins."

title: Girly Edition

text: A real-life journalist named Reid, who Gray interviewed for his book, states that "Girly Edition" mirrors well how some journalists actually work. She said the episode shows "the ludicrous nature of, you know, what we do in a lot of things. The kids news with Bart and Lisa: I mean, you see them do really stupid stories about the news, and 'news you can use,' and 'how to get rid of your sheets when you wet them.' I mean, people really "do" stories like that." Steven Keslowitz writes in his book "The World According to the Simpsons" that the episode showcases the fact that "the viewing of attractive newscasters and the use of persuasive tones of voice often do have an impact on the minds of many intelligent members of American society."

title: Dead baby jokes

text:
How do you get 100 dead babies into a box?
"With a blender!"
How do you get them out?
"With a bag of chips."

title: Once You Kiss a Stranger

text: Threatening to give the murder weapon to the police, Diana insists that Jerry now get rid of the doctor. He doesn't know what to do, consulting estranged wife Lee while looking for a way out. The longer he delays doing Diana's murder, the angrier she gets, eventually attacking Lee.

title: Theef

text: Producer David Amann explained that the inspiration for the story was the question, "What if you have a doctor who is prosperous but has a dark page from his past that comes back to haunt him?" Spotnitz later elaborated that the story initially was "going to be how do you get rid of something you can't get rid of". However, the writers soon found this storyline difficult to develop, and, by Spotnitz's own admission, the story "started to evolve into a "Cape Fear" type of situation". The episode's script was finalized by the writers in December 1999 and Kim Manners was selected as the episode's director.

title: Corey Jackson

text: Prior to his official retirement from the NFL in 2008, Corey formed his own company, Corey Jackson Speaks, where he combines his speech communications degree and his experiences as a professional athlete. Corey has become the number one speaker on the subject matter of how to live a high performance lifestyle. Corey teaches individuals, companies and organizations that a lifestyle is not defined by possessions, wealth or the material things that people celebrate, but it is a way of life. Your lifestyle is composed of why you do what you do, how you do it, and how often you get it done. Corey motivates you to see that you, and only you, get to decide the type of life you will have. Corey provides free daily inspirational messages on social media sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube and Twitter.


query: When did Jacob Aaron Westervelt die?

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: Jacob Aaron Westervelt (January 20, 1800– February 21, 1879) was a renowned and prolific shipbuilder who constructed 247 vessels[2] of all descriptions during his career of over 50 years. From 1853 until 1855 he was Mayor of New York City.[4][5]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: Westervelt was the eldest son of Ari and Vrowti Westervelt. Ari Westervelt was a builder by occupation. He built several houses in Franklin Street, New York, and constructed the South Church in Schraalenburgh in today's Bergenfield borough.[1][7] Westervelt was born in Tenafly, New Jersey, on January 20, 1800 and was baptized at Schraalenburgh on February 16, being the first child to receive that sacrament after the completion of the new church. The Westervelts then resided at the old family homestead on Tenafly Road midway between Englewood and Tenafly. When Ari Westervelt was working on improving the riverfront, he moved, together with his infant son, to New York in 1804, to be nearer his work.[8] It was to his father that Jacob Aaron owed his good education. His father died when Westervelt was only 14.[6]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: There are differing reports as to the start of this new chapter of Westervelt's life. On one side it is stated that Westervelt bought out his former partners Carnley and the Bergh brothers and took control of the Bergh shipyard,[14] at the foot of Gouverneur Street and extending to Water Street and up to Scammel.[15] Other sources state that Westervelt and William MacKay (not to be confused with Canadian shipbuilder Donald McKay) established one of a few new yards at Corlear's Hook (the block bounded by Third, Goerck and Houston Streets)[9] in 1841 and moved to Lewis and Seventh Street in 1844.[16] Westervelt may also have designed and built ships in connection with Edward Mills.[9] The shipyard Westervelt & MacKay, later Westervelt & Sons (which Westervelt formed with his sons Aaron and Daniel),[17] became prominent and prospered. Together with MacKay and his sons he built 50 steamships, 93 traditional sailing vessels and clippers, 5 barques, 14 schooners, one sloop, two lightships, and 11 pilot boats—a total of 181 vessels of 150,624tons.[9] Westervelt built more vessels of medium tonnage than any builder of his time. Some of his noteworthy sailing packets are:

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: In 1836 Westervelt built at least two ships under his own name, the Baltimore and Mediator, in partnership with the 22-year-old ship chandler Marshall Owen Roberts as Westervelt & Roberts.[13] Soon after Christian Bergh's retirement, Westervelt and Robert Carnley made an extensive tour of Europe, visiting the principal shipbuilding points, where Westervelt gathered information that he subsequently put to good use.[1] Westervelt found an inactive life disagreeable and, after a year of travel, returned to the dry docks in 1838[6] and resumed shipbuilding.

title: Morgan Morgans

text: In 1852, he was nominated by the Whigs as a candidate for mayor of New York City, but lost to Jacob Aaron Westervelt.

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: Mayor Westervelt did not shy away from unpopular decisions if he considered them to serve the general good. In 1853 the New York legislature designated a 700 acres (280ha) area from 59th to 106th Streets for the creation of the planned Central Park, at a cost of more than $5million for the land alone. In the climate of the fiscal retrenchment of these years, Westervelt in January 1854 proposed to reduce the size of Central Park. Westervelt, who had supported the Central Park bill, had second thoughts about the dramatic expansion of state power and especially the public spending entailed by the new park. Some predictable voices defended the Central Park boundaries. In part because of differing reduction proposals in the common council, city lawmakers remained stalemated for the rest of the year. In March 1855 the board of councilmen resumed hearings on a cutback, and in the chilly economic climate of the winter of 1855, the board of aldermen voted fourteen to three to cut both the lower twelve blocks (from 59th to 72nd streets) and four hundred feet from each side. However, on March 23, 1856, the new Democratic Mayor, Fernando Wood, saved Central Park by vetoing the measure.[52]

title: Jacob Westervelt (sheriff)

text: Jacob Westervelt (1794–1881) is often confused with his brother-in-law John Jacob V.B. Westervelt (1805–1866), who was a Deputy Sheriff under him, and subsequently High Sheriff of New York City himself too (1846–1849), as well as Assistant Alderman from the 16th Ward (1844–1846). Another namesake is Jacob Aaron Westervelt (1800–1879), the shipbuilder, Alderman from the 13th Ward and later Mayor of New York City (1853–1855).

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: Westervelt married Eliza M. Thompson in New York City on April 25, 1825. They had eight children:[1]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: After the end of the Civil War in 1865, the U.S. government auctioned off the hundreds of ships it had requisitioned during the war at firesale prices, depressing the market and leaving American shipyards with no work. The result was that most American shipyards, along with marine engine specialists, failed. Not only the Westervelt shipyard, but the whole shipbuilding industry in New York was badly affected by the slump, being practically wiped out in the ensuing years. As the demise of shipbuilding after the war afforded him little opportunity to recover from his losses, the firm was dissolved in 1868, with no large surplus of assets. By this time Westervelt had constructed 247 ships with his partners, more than any other American shipbuilder in his day.[6]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: In the middle of the 17th century a few Westervelts lived in Meppel, situated a few miles from the eastern shore of the Zuiderzee, in the province of Drenthe and three miles east of Zwolle. Amongst them were two brothers, Willem and Lubbert Lubbertsen van Westervelt, both farmers and cattle raisers, who with their wives and children decided to move to the New World.[67] They left Amsterdam on board De Hoop ("Hope") on April 8, 1662. On their arrival on May 24, 1662, New Amsterdam (which later became New York City) was suffering from a prolonged drought as no rain had fallen for eighty consecutive days.[67] Lubbert settled near Hackensack, New Jersey and was one of the promoters of the Dutch Church organized there in 1686. Willem was a member of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in New Amsterdam (1667), whilst his son lived at New Utrecht on Long Island. This son sold his lands in 1706 and is supposed to have moved to New Jersey, where the family has been numerous and prominent for the past 300years.[6] William Lubbertsen van Westervelt with his wife and six children, and Lubbert Lubbertsen van Westervelt, with his wife and four children, became the progenitors of the van Westervelt/Westervelt family in America, and were at one time the second largest family in Bergen County, New Jersey.[67] Jacob Aaron Westervelt was a seventh-generation descendant of Lubbert Lubbertsen van Westervelt.[6]

title: Jacob Westervelt (sheriff)

text: He married Elizabeth Westervelt, the sister of John Jacob V.B. Westervelt, in Schraalenburgh, New Jersey on March 21, 1812. He moved to New York City (880, Pacific street) immediately after his marriage. In the 1840s he purchased a farm in Upper Nyack, New York, which was subsequently sold. Jacob Westervelt and his wife had nine daughters and two sons: Isabella, Eliza, Margaret, James M., William, Maria, Gertrude, Rachel, Lavinia, Sarah Jane and Caroline Westervelt.

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: Some historians[33] take the view that Westervelt built the first true American steamship that crossed the Atlantic to Europe. The Marquis Claude de Jouffroy d'Abbans from France invented and constructed the first steamboat, the so-called Palmipède, in 1774, and a second one, the steamboat Pyroscaphe, in 1783. Robert Fulton built the first commercially successful steam paddleship in the US, the North River Steamboat (also known as Clermont) in 1807, using a Boulton and Watt engine.[34]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: Westervelt, as his name indicates, came from old Dutch stock.[6] The name was known in the Netherlands at a very early period, and although the family members were not of nobility, they had been extensive property owners for many generations. The earliest mention of the Westervelts that has been recorded is of a Dirk van Westervelt and his family who resided in and around the town of Harderwijk for many years. Some individuals sharing that name appear to have been early inhabitants of Zwolle, and their descendants are still to be found there, known by the name Westerveld.[67]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: The economic boom spurred on by the California Gold Rush that had brought on the era of the clipper ships had turned to bust. All the secrets of building lofty clippers had been discovered and there were too many of them in existence. The dropping freight rates now gave no incentive to build any more. The San Francisco market was so saturated that many a disgusted ship captain dumped unwanted cargo overboard in the bay before sailing on to other ports.[23] The diary of Robert Underhill, which recorded his 1856 travels on the Sweepstakes, revealed that Westervelt was also traveling on this voyage to San Francisco and the Orient. Underhill's entries made clear that Westervelt recognized the economic situation facing the port of New York and was seeking other possible venues for the family business.[31]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: By 1855, the gold rush was over and Westervelt, like other shipbuilders, began looking for new markets to keep his yard busy, as the shipping lines that had carried almost 2.7million emigrants across the Atlantic by sailing vessels between 1846–1855,were ordering fewer ships than before. The declining trend continued because of the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861. Between 1855 and the end of the war in 1865, only 1.4million emigrants were conveyed from Europe to the United States.[43]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: Westervelt's term was marked by many reforms of the city's police.[6] One of the most controversial was his attempt to enforce a police uniform.[55]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: . Retrieved on March 20, 2009. "". The New York Times (February 25, 1879). Retrieved on March 19, 2009.

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: As Dock Commissioner, Westervelt followed in the footsteps of his father by continuing to improve the riverfront.[50][51]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: It was Mayor Westervelt's stated aim to sort out the bad seed.[57] In 1853 an administrative body was created, called the Board of Police Commissioners, consisting of Mayor Westervelt, the recorder and the city judge. Apart from the fact that the chief of police was selected by the Mayor with the Board's approval, the Board had full powers of appointment and dismissal of all members of the force and was charged with general administrative duties.[59]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: Westervelt was politically an ardent but not very active Democrat. In 1840 he was elected to the Common Council,[6] in which he served for two years as an Alderman from the thirteenth ward.[20] Westervelt stepped back from active political involvement for a couple of years, but remained a shrewd observer of current affairs and recognized nuisances and the needs of the people of "his" town. He witnessed sharply increasing taxes between 1850 and 1852 and the establishment of a reform movement that began to decry excessive government spending. Grand jury revelations of widespread corruption on the common council heightened such concerns. Reformers mobilized and ran the Democratic incumbents out of office, electing in their place a combination of Whigs and reform Democrats committed to "economy" in government.[52] In November 1852 Westervelt was nominated for Mayor of the city by reformist representatives of the Democratic party. The mayoralty election was held at the same time as the presidential election, and the Democrats were successful in both.[1]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: Besides the Brooklyn, also built at the Westervelt shipyard were the gunboats USS<i>Ottawa, USS<i>Otsego and the revenue cutter USRC<i>Kankakee, all of which performed efficient blockading services during the war. Westervelt also built many vessels for foreign governments, among these the frigate Hope in 1825 for the Greek government, Guadalquiver for Spain, and Eusiyama for Japan. Westervelt was awarded the Order of Isabella the Catholic by the Queen of Spain for the preparation of models and plans for three Spanish frigates.[1][2]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: John Albert, b. September 15, 1826 Daniel Demarest, b. November 5, 1827; d. June 4, 1896 Aaron Jacob, b. March 14, 1829; d. March 9, 1879 James Thompson, b. October 5, 1830; d. in infancy Annie Halstead, b. May 12, 1832 Sophronia, b. December 19, 1834 Robert Carnley, b. November 25, 1837 Eliza Mariette, b. July 16, 1841; d. April 21, 1891

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: Together with his partners (Westervelt & MacKay and Westervelt & Sons) he designed some of the fastest and most successful sailing packets, clippers and steamships ever built, among these the screw sloop USS<i>Brooklyn and the clipper Sweepstakes, as well as many vessels for foreign governments and Royal Houses. Westervelt was awarded the Order of Isabella the Catholic by the Queen of Spain for the preparation of models and plans for three Spanish frigates.[1][2] For many years he was the President of the Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen, a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Marine Society, the Port Society and the St. Nicholas Society.[1] He was also President of the Board of Dock Commissioners for several years. After Westervelt's death, the flags at City Hall were lowered to half-mast.[6]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: The feelings of the members of this movement against the participation of foreign-born citizens in municipal affairs had grown very bitter,[63] and Westervelt set himself so sternly against them that his house was mobbed again.[6] Probably due to the paucity of support for his reformist efforts during his term, but also because he applied himself more and more to the business of shipbuilding again, Westervelt declined a renomination, which for him was equivalent to an election, and was succeeded as Mayor by Fernando Wood.[1] In 1857 Westervelt became a member of the New York State Assembly for Rockland County.[66]

title: Jacob Westervelt

text: Jacob Westervelt may refer to:

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: When the Dock Department was created in 1870, Wilson G. Hunt prevailed upon Westervelt to accept the duties of Superintendent of the Department. His management was characterized by prudence, sagacity and honesty.[6] When William Frederick Havemeyer became Mayor in 1873,[4] Westervelt was appointed a Commissioner of Docks and at the same time elected President of the Board of Dock Commissioners[47] (which position he also held at the time of his death),[6] and as such made tremendous improvements in piers and docks. His chief engineer, whom he selected in July 1870, was General George B. McClellan,[48] and his secretary General was Louis Fitzgerald.[20] In 1875 George S. Greene Jr. became the new chief engineer.[49]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: Westervelt's position was clear: that a uniform incites a high degree a chivalrous sentiment; that it involves a "pride of cloth" and that the wearer knows that if he disgraces it he disgraces himself and the profession in which he serves.[55] Westervelt earned many party enemies by his determined policy to keep appointments to the police force, which were then a large part of the patronage appertaining to the mayoralty, free from political influence.[6]

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: Albion, Robert Greenhalgh. (1938, reprint 1965): Square-riggers on schedule, ASIN B0006AO5QE. Clayton, W. Woodford; Nelson, William (1882 - from old catalogue): History of Bergen and Passaic counties, with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, ASIN B0006QCEF2. Dayton, Fred Erving. (1925): Steamboat Days, Frederick A. Stokes, New York, ISBN978-0-356-04765-2 (reprint of 1974) Morrison, John Harrison. (1909): History of New York Ship Yards, ISBN978-1-4181-8738-5. Westervelt, Walter Tallman. (1905): Genealogy of the Westervelt Family, Higginson Genealogical Books (1987), ASIN B00071870S

title: Jacob Aaron Westervelt

text: The most successful year for Westervelts's yard was 1858 when 12 ships were built (aggregating 14,081tons). At the outbreak of the Civil War, Westervelt was one of the richest shipowners in the country. He was a supporter of the Union cause. President Abraham Lincoln esteemed his judgment highly, and entrusted him with the purchase of many of the river craft which were altered to suit the demands of blockading and transport service. Westervelt accepted nothing for such service, but contented himself with the profits accruing from his shipyard. It was during this period that his fortune shrank very much faster than it had been accumulated. Steamer after steamer was wrecked, burned or captured by Confederate cruisers, until at the close of the war he was almost bankrupt. During one year alone his losses from marine casualties amounted to $500,000.[6]

title: Jacob Westervelt (sheriff)

text: Jay Westervelt (Jacob James Westervelt), contemporary 21st century New York biologist/professional snowboarder, is a namesake descendant of Jacob Westervelt.


query: How much of Romania is forest?

title: Geography of Romania

text: Romania's Carpathians are differentiated into three ranges: the Eastern Carpathians, the Southern Carpathians or Transylvanian Alps, and the Western Romanian Carpathians. Each of these ranges has important distinguishing features. The Eastern Carpathians are composed of three parallel ridges that run from northwest to southeast. The westernmost ridge is an extinct volcanic range with many preserved cones and craters. The range has many large depressions, in the largest of which the city of Brașov is situated. Important mining and industrial centers as well as agricultural areas are found within these depressions. The Eastern Carpathians are covered with forests—some 32 percent of the country's woodlands are there. They also contain important ore deposits, including gold and silver, and their mineral water springs feed numerous health resorts.

title: Kodagu district

text: Much of Kodagu is used for agriculture. Characteristically and historically, paddy fields are found on the valley floors, with Coffee and pepper agroforestry in the surrounding hills mainly near Madikeri. The most common plantation crop is coffee, especially "Coffea robusta" variety. Kodagu is the second coffee production region in India, after the Baba Budangiri hills in Chikkamagaluru district. Coffee revenue helped Kodagu to become one of the richest districts in India. "Coffea arabica" is also grown in some parts of southern and western Kodagu, the historical area of coffee production. One can go to see the coffee plantation and can understand how sophisticated coffee plantation is and how much perfection and precision it requires it is mandatory to grow coffee in shade so it is grown with the eucalyptus trees and the vanilla. The coffee agro-forestry systems of Kodagu are one of the richest agro-forest in the world, with about 270 species of shaded trees inventoried (see publications of CAFNET project). But the trend is now to replace the native shade trees by exotic ones (such as the "Grevillea robusta"). In those coffee agro-forests are also cultivated spices like black pepper, cardamom, vanilla. Besides, the other famous agricultural produce of Kodagu is Kodagu Oranges ("Citrus sinensis") known for its distinctive taste and shrunken nature. Kodagu is also known for its forest honey. Many other crops are also cultivated, including para rubber, teak, and cocoa. There are also large areas of natural forest, especially in the forest reserves in the south and east.

title: Climate change in Nevada

text:
With changes in climate, the extent of forested areas in Nevada could change little or decline by as much as 15-30%. The uncertainties depend on many factors, including whether soils become
drier and, if so, how much drier. Hotter, drier weather could increase the frequency and intensity of wildfires, threatening both property and forests. Drier conditions would reduce the
range and health of ponderosa and lodgepole pine forests in the northern and western areas of the state, and increase their susceptibility to fire. Grasslands, rangeland, and desert could expand into previously forested areas. Milder winters could increase the likelihood of insect outbreaks and of subsequent wildfires in the dead fuel left after such an outbreak. These
changes would significantly affect the character of Nevada forests and the activities that depend on them. Increased rainfall could reduce the severity of these effects.

title: Holzindustrie Schweighofer

text: The Schweighofer owned forests in the Czech Republic and Romania are managed by qualified forestry experts according to the principles of near-natural and sustainable forestry. In Romania however Schweighofer is mentioned in attacking Retezat National Park. Contrary to this statement, the company has taken concrete steps to proctect old-growth forests, including in Campusel (Retezat Mountains). In March 2018, the Schweighofer Group sold its Romanian forests to the Swedish GreenGold Group.

title: Greater Antilles mangroves

text: Cuban Mangrove forests top layer is made up by 4 tree species; Rhizophora mangle (Red mangrove), Avicennia germinans (Black mangrove), Laguncularia racemosa (White mangrove) and Conocarpus erectus (Button mangrove). Depending on several factors, including water salinity, fresh water flow, coast shape and how deep it is affects the size of those 4 predominant species and how much they mix. In some places we can speak of a mono-forest (made up by just one species) in some other places all 4 species occur naturally. Sizes vary from very tall forests with a canopy at 15 meters (49.21 feet) of altitude, or they can look as small as shrubs no taller than 2 meters (6.56 feet).

title: Germans of Romania

text: The Germans of Romania or Rumäniendeutsche are an ethnic group of Romania. During the interwar period in Romania, the total number of ethnic Germans amounted to as much as 786,000 (according to some sources and estimates dating to 1939), a figure which had subsequently fallen to circa 36,000 as of 2011 in contemporary Romania.

title: Tree farm

text: The USDA has an online calculator for how much carbon is sequestered in various types of forests.

title: Balkan mixed forests

text: The Balkan mixed forests cover much of the valleys, plains and mountain slopes of the eastern Balkans on different altitudes (except higher parts of the Rhodope and Balkan Mountains, where they are substituted by the Rodope montane mixed forests), extend from approximately the Drina valley to the coasts of the Black, Marmara and Aegean Seas and occupy 224,400 km² (86,600 sq. mi) in Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, Romania, Greece, Kosovo and Turkey. The ecoregion is surrounded by the Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests (in Turkey, Georgia and Bulgaria), Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests (in Greece), Pindus Mountains mixed forests (in Greece, the Republic of Macedonia and Albania), Dinaric Mountains mixed forests (in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina), Pannonian mixed forests (in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Romania), Carpathian montane conifer forests, Central European mixed forests (both in Romania), as well as the East European forest steppe and Pontic steppe (both situated in Romania and Bulgaria).

title: Afforestation

text:
Several new studies suggest that forests attract rain and this may explain why drought is occurring more frequently in parts of the world such as western Africa. A new study by Carol Rasmussen,
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory gives the first observational evidence that the southern Amazon rain forest triggers its own rainy season using water vapor from plant leaves. The finding helps explain why deforestation in this region is linked with reduced rainfall A study by Douglas Sheil and Daniel Murdiyarso hypothesis suggests that forest cover plays a much greater role in determining rainfall than previously recognized. It explains how forested regions generate large-scale flows in atmospheric water vapor Makarieva and Gorshkov have developed a hypothesis to explain how forests attract moist air and increase rainfall in area covered by trees

title: Forest Theater

text: The Forest Theater Society produced several plays in the next few years. Of note was the 1912 production of "The Toad", a play written by Bertha Newberry, the wife of Perry Newberry, an early Carmel leader. Also produced that year was the first children's play staged at the Forest Theater, "Alice in Wonderland", adapted by Newberry and Arthur Vachell. There was so much enthusiasm for live theater, and varying ideas on how the Forest Theater should be run, that two additional theater groups began participating – The Western Drama Society (including Heron and other members of the Forest Theater Society), whose goal was to focus on California authors, and the already-established Arts and Crafts Club, which had been active in the town since 1905.

title: Romania

text: The River Danube, Europe's second-longest river, rises in Germany's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania's Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains, which cross Romania from the north to the southwest, include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of .

title: Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation lidar

text: Climate change is closely tied to that of the carbon cycle. GEDI produces high resolution laser ranging observations of the 3D structure of the forests Earth, which will provide answers to how deforestation has contributed to atmospheric CO concentrations, how much carbon forests will absorb in the future, and how habitat degradation will affect global biodiversity and the water cycle. This in turn, is also of value for weather forecasting, forest management, glacier and snowpack monitoring. Overall, GEDI will help to better understand how the Earth behaves as a living system.

title: Forest disturbance by invasive insects and diseases in the United States

text: The complete picture of long-term ecological effects from invasive pests is difficult to measure; and it is too early to determine the effects of the many new invasive pest introductions. Much of the research has focused of the biology of the pests—i.e. life cycle and host preferences—towards understanding how to contain their spread. Recent and rapid outbreaks such as emerald ash borer, however, have invigorated interest in understanding the ecological consequences of invasive pests and how to restore affected forests.

title: Carpathian Mountains

text: They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois, and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species. The Carpathians and their foothills also have many thermal and mineral waters, with Romania having one-third of the European total. Romania is likewise home to the second-largest surface of virgin forests in Europe after Russia, totaling 250,000 hectares (65%), most of them in the Carpathians, with the Southern Carpathians constituting Europe's largest unfragmented forested area.

title: History of the Huns

text: Uldin, the first Hun identified by name in contemporary sources, is identified as the leader of the Huns in Muntenia (modern Romania east of the Olt River) in 400. It is unclear how much territory or how many tribes of Huns Uldin actually controlled, although he clearly controlled parts of Hungary as well as Muntenia. The Romans referred to him as a "regulus" (sub-king): he himself boasted of immense power.

title: Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation

text: Prior to full-scale implementation many challenges are still to be solved. How will the REDD+ approach link to existing national development strategies? How will forest communities and indigenous peoples participate in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of national REDD+ programmes? How will REDD+ be funded, and how will countries ensure that benefits are distributed equitably among all those who manage the forests? Finally, how will the amounts of reduced emissions and enhanced removals as a result of REDD+ activities be monitored?

title: Ilambazar

text: The forests around Ilambazar was on the verge of extinction in the nineties of the previous century but it has got back much of its flora and fauna. The villagers, living in 32 villages located inside the forest, have realised that they can make a living by selling plates ("thalis") made of "sal" leaves and mushrooms (locally called "toshor ghuti") both abundantly available in the forest. The forest department formed 12 ‘Bonosamrakshan committees’ (forest preservation committees) comprising the villagers and made them understand how their survival was linked with that of the forest.

title: Laurentian Mixed Forest Province

text: During the lumbering era, unrestricted logging and the resulting fires destroyed much of the forest. With the advent of fire suppression and forest management, the resulting second-growth forest differed substantially from the original forest cover. Conifer tree species became less common in the resulting forest. Early successional tree species such as Aspen and Birch became much more prevalent and replaced much of the mixed conifer and deciduous forests that originally existed prior to the logging era.

title: Tongass Timber Reform Act

text: This is in amendment of section 706 (b) of ANILCA. Requires the Forest Service to report to congress on the impacts of timber harvest on subsistence, wildlife and fisheries habitats, while also consulting on the status reports with the Southeast Alaska commercial fishing organizations. In response to credibility issue between the Forest Service and the public, the courts and the Congress, due to conviction from the Forest Service that no matter how much timber is harvested, no adverse impacts will occur.

title: Champion Forest, Texas

text: In 2006, Champion Forest opposed the Raveneaux Country Club's plan to build as many as five hundred townhouses and condominiums on its property and then maintain the rest of its property as a golf course. Robert Eckels, the county judge of Harris County who lived near Champion Forest, opposed the plan. Eckels asked the Harris County right-of-way division to see how much it would cost for the county to force from the country club as eminent domain so the acres could become parkland.

title: Flora of Romania

text: The three major vegetation zones in Romania are the alpine, steppe, and forest zones. The latter can be subdivided (depending on soil, climate, and altitude) into regions dominated by the Norway Spruce, European Beech, and various species of Oak, together with less widespread vegetation types such as the Dinaric calcareous block fir forest.

title: Variable retention

text: Variable retention is gradually becoming a popularly promoted tool for helping resolve the dilemma between demands for wood and demands to maintain habitat and ecology biodiversity and structural diversity in managed forests. What is at issue is how much a forest operation can log without adversely interfering with other ecological processes within the forest.

title: Spencer State Forest

text:
Spencer State Forest is divided among three non-contiguous parcels. The most notable of these, located in south Spencer, is the Howe Pond parcel, an estate formerly belonging to Elias Howe, the inventor of the sewing machine.
The Howe family of Spencer did much to make the town famous in the annals of ingenious Americans. William Howe of Spencer developed a wooden truss bridge named for him, his brother, Tyler Howe, patented a spring bed. Their nephew, Elias Howe, Jr., may well have eclipsed them when he invented the lockstitch sewing machine. The Howe Pond parcel (historically referred to as Howe State Park) includes a mill pond and dam constructed by the inventor. Swimming, once permitted is not currently permitted in the pond; lifeguards are no longer present in season due to State DCR cutbacks. The Howe Pond parcel also includes picnic tables and outdoor grills. The public restrooms have been shuttered for a decade. It is located off Massachusetts Route 31 via Howe Pond Road.
Spencer State Forest Friends Group--The Friends of Howe Park and Spencer State Forest are members of
The Massachusetts Forest and Park Friends Network, an independent grassroots organization of volunteer "Friends" groups working together to better protect and enhance Massachusetts’ state forests, parks, and trails. http://www.networkingfriends.net/resources.html

title: Boreal ecosystem

text: The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) was a major international research program in the Canadian boreal forest. NASA sponsored the program, and most research took place between 1994 and 1996. Its primary goals were to determine how the boreal forest interacts with the atmosphere, how climate change will affect the forest, and how changes in the forest affect weather and climate.

title: Sustainable management

text:
Figure 2 Mckenzie is an example of what a person might try to change in their life to make it more sustainable. Walking instead of taking the taxi helps the environment, but it also loses time spent with family. The bus is in the middle of walking and taking a taxi, but another option that is not on the list is riding a bike. Good sustainable management would include all the options that are possible, and new options that were not available before. These figures are tools that can be used in helping people manage their lives sustainably, but there are other ways to think about their lives to become more sustainable.
There are very practical needs for sustainable management of forest. Since forests provide many resources to the people, and to the world, management of the forests are critical to keep those resources available. To be able to manage a forest, knowledge of how the natural systems work is needed. If a manager knows how the natural system works, then when manager of the forest makes plans how the resources are to remove from the forest, the manager will know how the resources can be removed without damaging the forest. Since many forests are under management of the government that is in the region, the forest are not truly functioning how the ecosystem was naturally developed, and how it is meant to be. An example is the pine flatwoods in Florida. To be able to maintain that ecosystem frequent burnings of the forest needs to happen. Fires are a natural part of the ecosystem, but since wild fires can spread to communities near the forest, control of the wild fires is requested from the communities. To maintain flatwoods forest control burning or prescribe burning is part of the management to sustain the forest.

title: Pamela Templer

text: Templer and her lab work around the world, investigating different disturbances on terrestrial ecosystems in different places. These include: temperate forest in the northeast of the United States, tropical forests in Mexico, and urban areas throughout the Greater Boston Area. Much of Templer's work investigating how forests are and will respond to warming and other chronic disturbances takes place at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, a long term ecological research site in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Templer specifically looks at a changing climate in the White Mountains and tries create conditions that the forest may experience within the next century by heating the soil using space heaters and clearing off snow. Under warming conditions there is less snow so soils actually get colder (snow acts as a blanket for soils, insulating them in the winter), leading to freezing of the soil microbe community and changing the way carbon and nutrients are cycled in the forest floor. For example, along with Anne Socci, she found that a smaller snowpack leads to greater soil frost, reducing nitrogen uptake rates in sugar maple trees. Templer also examines how reactive nitrogen in atmospheric deposition varies spatially across forest ecosystems in the northeast with colleague Kathleen Weathers

title: Mad Forest

text: Mad Forest: A Play from Romania is a play by English playwright Caryl Churchill. The three acts occur, respectively, shortly before, during, and shortly after the Romanian Revolution of 1989. The play is mostly written in English, but has several passages in Romanian, including having the cast sing Romania's national anthem, "Deşteaptă-te, române!".

title: Hooked (film)

text: Hooked or Picnic is a 2008 film by Adrian Sitaru, set in Romania (original name: "Pescuit sportiv", duration: 84 minutes). It is the story of a barbecue trip of a Romanian couple, which takes an unexpected turn when their car runs over a prostitute while driving through a forest near Bucharest. The incident throws a new light over the relationship of the two lovers, and shows how much change can come for human beings in a single day.

title: Media Forest

text: Since founding "Media Forest", the company has established regional franchise owners operating in France, Argentina, Moldova, Belgium, Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and Switzerland. In Romania, Media Forest provides data for the country's national Airplay 100 chart, as well as for the Romanian Radio Airplay and TV Airplay Chart.

title: Moorland

text: There is uncertainty about how many moors were created by human activity. Oliver Rackham writes that pollen analysis shows that some moorland, such as in the islands and extreme north of Scotland, are clearly natural, never having had trees, whereas much of the Pennine moorland area was forested in Mesolithic times. How much the deforestation was caused by climatic changes and how much by human activity is uncertain.

title: Scion (Crown Research Institute)

text: Scientists and forest companies use this information to understand how current forests are performing, and how future forests might grow under different conditions. These data support important forest management decisions.


query: Who won the 2007 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl?

title: 2007 Holiday Bowl

text: The 2007 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl was a college football bowl game played December 27, 2007 in San Diego. It was part of the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season and one of 32games in the 2007–2008 bowl season. It featured the Texas Longhorns against the Arizona State Sun Devils. Texas won 52–34 and set Holiday Bowl records for the earliest score and for most points scored in the firstquarter. Texas also set a school record for most points scored in a bowl game. A bizarre play involving Chris Jessee, a member of the Longhorn football operations staff and the stepson of the Texas head coach, has been cited as one of the strangest plays of the season.

title: 2008 Holiday Bowl

text: The 2008 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 30, 2008, at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California between the Oklahoma State Cowboys and the Oregon Ducks, and was part of the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season and one of the games in the 2008-2009 bowl season to be nationally televised by ESPN. The Ducks won the contest, 42-31.

title: 2010 Holiday Bowl

text: The 2010 Holiday Bowl (also known as Bridgepoint Education Holiday Bowl) was the thirty-third edition of the college football bowl game and was played at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California. The game started at 7:00 PM US PST on Thursday, December 30, 2010, and was a bowl rematch featuring the Nebraska Cornhuskers against the Washington Huskies. The game was telecast on ESPN. The Washington Huskies won 19-7. San Diego’s Bridgepoint Education became the new title sponsor of the Holiday Bowl.

title: 1991 Holiday Bowl

text: It was the first tie ever in the Holiday Bowl, and it was also the lowest scoring Holiday Bowl. It was the final college game for Detmer, who won the Heisman Trophy the previous season. This is also the last tie football game in major college football bowl history.

title: List of Texas Tech Red Raiders bowl games

text: The Red Raiders' fans have set attendance records at 10 bowl games, including the team's first bowl game appearance in the 1938 Sun Bowl. Although 8 of the 10 attendance records were eventually broken, attendance records from 2 bowl game appearances, the 2004 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl and 2009 AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic, remain unbroken. The 2009 AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic's attendance record of 88,175 was the second-most attended bowl game of the 2008–09 bowl game season.

title: 2007 Holiday Bowl

text: The Holiday Bowl is a post-season NCAA-sanctioned Division I FBS college football bowl game that has been played annually at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, since 1978. The game is currently sponsored by Pacific Life Insurance, so it is known as the "Pacific Life Holiday Bowl"; previous title sponsors have been SeaWorld, Thrifty Car Rental, Plymouth, and Culligan. Bowl games typically have contracts with specific colleges to provide eligible teams. The conferences affiliated with the Holiday Bowl has changed over the history of the bowl. As of 2007, the game features the 2nd place Pac-10 team and the 3rd place Big 12 team.

title: 1980 Holiday Bowl

text: BYU had never won a bowl game in school history, having lost the 1974 Fiesta Bowl and 1976 Tangerine Bowl as well as the first two Holiday Bowls in 1978 and 1979. For the first 56 minutes of the 1980 Holiday Bowl, it seemed the Cougars were destined for another defeat. BYU's defense couldn't handle SMU's offense, as James ran for 225 yards and Dickerson added 110. With just four minutes left in the game, the Mustangs scored to take a commanding 45–25 lead.

title: 2007 Holiday Bowl

text: UT's first opponent of 2008 is Florida Atlantic University, who won the 2007 New Orleans Bowl and set a record for the shortest amount of time between starting a football program and securing a bowl victory.[32]

title: Bill Doba

text: In his first season as head coach in 2003, Doba led the Cougars to a 10–3 record, with a Holiday Bowl win over Texas and a #9 final ranking. He shared the Pac-10 Coach of the Year award in 2003 with Pete Carroll of USC. The Holiday Bowl win was a high point of Doba's tenure and was one of the top wins in WSU history. His teams won three of five Apple Cup rivalry games against Washington, in 2004, 2005, and 2007.

title: 1978 Holiday Bowl

text: This was the first in seven consecutive Holiday Bowl appearances for the Cougars, who won four of the seven they played, including one against Michigan in 1984 that determined the national championship. Navy has not reached the Holiday bowl since this game, while they went on a bowl win drought of 18 years, not winning one until 1996.

title: Arizona State University

text: Arizona State Sun Devils football was founded in 1896 under coach Fred Irish. The team has played in the 2012 Fight Hunger Bowl, the 2011 Las Vegas bowl, the 2016 Cactus Bowl, and the 2007 Holiday Bowl. The Sun Devils played in the 1997 Rose Bowl and won the Rose Bowl in 1987. The team has appeared in the Fiesta Bowl in 1983, 1977, 1975, 1973, 1972, and 1971 winning 5 of 6. In 1970, and 1975, they were champions of the NCAA Division I FBS National Football Championship. The Sun Devils were Pac-12 Champions in 1986, 1996, and 2007. Altogether, the football team has 17 Conference Championships and has participated in a total of 29 bowl games as of the 2015–2016 season with a 14–14–1 record in those games.

title: Holiday Bowl

text: The Holiday Bowl was founded to give the Western Athletic Conference an automatic bowl bid after the Fiesta Bowl, which previously had a tie in with the conference, ended its association with the WAC following Arizona and Arizona State (the latter of which served as the game's host) leaving the conference to join the Pacific-8 Conference in 1977. Thus, the Holiday Bowl inherited the Fiesta Bowl's former WAC ties and gave the conference's champion its automatic bid. For the first several years, the WAC champion played an at-large team in the Holiday Bowl. Beginning in 1991 and continuing until 1994, the Big Ten Conference was given the second bid, provided it had enough bowl eligible teams.

title: 2009 Texas Longhorns football team

text: The Longhorns have enjoyed considerable success in recent seasons. In 2008, their only loss was by 6 points to Texas Tech who scored with 1 second left to win the game on Halloween night. They beat the OU Sooners by the same 10 point spread as the 2008 National Champions, the University of Florida. The 2004 team had the first Bowl Championship Series win for any Texas team and the 2005 team won the National Championship (the fourth for the UT football program). The 2006 team finished with 10 wins, 3 losses, including a victory in the 2006 Alamo Bowl. In 2007, the Longhorns finished with a victory in the 2007 Holiday Bowl, a 10–3 record for the season, and a tenth-place ranking in the final AP poll and the USA Today coaches poll.

title: Holiday Bowl

text: Since 2017, the sponsor has been San Diego County Credit Union, which formerly sponsored San Diego's other bowl game, the now-defunct Poinsettia Bowl. In 2015 and 2016, the title sponsor was National Funding, a San Diego-based alternative lender. Previous sponsors have included SeaWorld, Thrifty Car Rental, Chrysler Corporation (through its Plymouth brand), Culligan, Pacific Life, Bridgepoint Education and National University.

title: Joe Paterno

text: Under Paterno, Penn State won the Orange Bowl (1968, 1969, 1973 and 2005), the Cotton Bowl (1972 and 1974), the Fiesta Bowl (1977, 1980, 1981, 1986, 1991, and 1996), the Liberty Bowl (1979), the Sugar Bowl (1982), the Aloha Bowl (1983), the Holiday Bowl (1989), the Citrus Bowl (1993 and 2010), the Rose Bowl (1994), the Outback Bowl (1995, 1998 and 2006) and the Alamo Bowl (1999 and 2007).

title: 2007 Holiday Bowl

text: With Texas' loss to Texas A&M the Longhorns fell out of contention for a BCS bowl; their bowl situation would be decided largely by the play of other Big 12 teams. Numberfour Missouri beat numbertwo Kansas to win the Big 12 North Division.[7] Missouri rose to the top spot in the BCS rankings[8] prior to facing Oklahoma in the Big 12 Championship game. Oklahoma won the game to become the Big 12 Conference champion and secure their berth in the 2008 Fiesta Bowl. Even though Missouri defeated Kansas, won their division, and outranked Kansas in the BCS standings (number6 compared to number8[9] the Orange Bowl selected Kansas instead of Missouri to play in the 2008 Orange Bowl. BCS rules do not provide for all the highest ranked teams to be automatically included in BCS games; considerable discretion is given to the individual bowls in choosing among eligible teams. The Tigers were invited to play in the 2008 Cotton Bowl Classic; the Cotton Bowl Classic having first pick of Big 12 teams after the BCS bowls have made their selections. The Holiday Bowl had the next selection and they chose Texas.[10][11][12][13]

title: 2006 Texas A&M Aggies football team

text: The 2006 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl was the Aggies' first bowl game since the 2004 SBC Cotton Bowl. This was Dennis Franchione's second bowl appearance in his four years of coaching at Texas A&M. The game in sunny San Diego, California began with Stephen McGee hooking up with Chad Schoeder for a 14-yard TD, but it was all California from then on out. Marshawn Lynch, DeSean Jackson, and Nate Longshore ripped the Aggie defense for 31 points in the second half.

title: Holiday Bowl

text: One year later, BYU, led by their legendary coach, LaVell Edwards, won the national championship in the Holiday Bowl by defeating the University of Michigan Wolverines, coached by Bo Schembechler, 24–17. Because of the WAC's contract with the Holiday Bowl, BYU, #1 ranked and the only undefeated team in Division I-A going into that season's bowls, was obligated to play in the mid-tier Holiday Bowl against a mediocre (6–5) Michigan squad. Again, the Holiday Bowl came down to the final few plays. BYU drove the length of the field and scored on a pass from injured All-American quarterback Robbie Bosco to Kelly Smith with 1:23 remaining. Marv Allen, who also played in the very first Holiday Bowl as a redshirt freshman in 1978, sealed the victory with an interception. It was the first — and only — time that the title was won at the Holiday Bowl.

title: 2009 Arizona Wildcats football team

text: With a final regular season overall record of 8–4, Arizona accepted an invitation to the 2009 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl after this game. The Trojans were invited to the 2009 Emerald Bowl in San Francisco, they defeated Boston College 24–13.

title: Holiday (magazine)

text: Paul Theroux writing about Paul Bowles said of the magazine, "The frivolous name masked a serious literary mission. The English fiction writers, V. S. Pritchett and Lawrence Durrell also traveled for this magazine, so did John Steinbeck after he won his Nobel Prize for literature, when he crisscrossed the United States with his dog...Bowles wrote a piece for "Holiday" about hashish, another of his enthusiasms, since he was a life-long stoner.

title: 2006 Holiday Bowl

text: The 2006 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl was a college football bowl game played December 28, 2006 in San Diego, California. It was part of the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season and one of 32 games in the 2006-2007 bowl season. It featured the Texas A&M Aggies representing the Big 12 against the California Golden Bears from the Pac-10. In the Golden Bears' second trip to the Holiday Bowl in three years, they routed the Aggies, 45-10. Each conference received $2.2 million for the teams playing.

title: 2007 Holiday Bowl

text: ASU completed a 10–2 regular season and won a share of the Pac-10 Conference Championship. Their won–loss record tied that of the USC Trojans, but the Trojans won the tie-breaker by virtue of winning their game against ASU. The Trojans went to the 2008 Rose Bowl as conference champion and the Holiday Bowl selected ASU. The Sun Devils finished the regular season ranked number11 in the final BCS rankings, number11 in Coaches poll and number12 in the AP rankings while Texas was number19 in the BCS and number17 in both the coaches and AP rankings.[12]

title: 1978 Holiday Bowl

text: The 1978 Holiday Bowl was the inaugural college football bowl game of the Holiday Bowl. It was played on December 22, 1978, at San Diego Stadium in San Diego, California. The game was part of the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. It featured the Navy Midshipmen against the BYU Cougars. Navy won 23–16.

title: Arizona Wildcats

text: The football team began at the University of Arizona in 1899 under the nickname "Varsity" (a name kept until the 1914 season when the team earned the name "Wildcats"). The football team was notably successful in the 1990s under head coach Dick Tomey and his "Desert Swarm" defense that was characterized by tough, hard-nosed tactics. In 1993, the team had its first 10-win season and drubbed the powerhouse Miami Hurricanes in the Fiesta Bowl by a score of 29–0. In 1998, the team posted a school-record 12–1 season and made the Holiday Bowl in which it defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers. Arizona ended that season ranked 3rd nationally and 2nd in several publications. Despite a stellar season, Arizona's single loss to UCLA caused the team to finish second in the Pac-10. From 1999 to 2007, Arizona had a mix of unsuccessful seasons without any bowl appearances. Then in 2008 Arizona returned to prominence with a successful season and a bowl win against BYU in the Las Vegas Bowl. Arizona has started to build up its old time success with a 6–2 record, and an appearance in the BCS standings ranked number 18. This is the first time they have been ranked in the BCS poll since 1998. After their win against Washington State, Arizona was bowl eligible for the third time in four years. After a win against USC, Arizona along with Nebraska was invited to the Pacific Life Holiday Bowl. It was the first time since 1998 that Arizona had played in the Holiday Bowl and the second time both schools have met each other at the bowl game. From November 2003 until October 2011, the program was led by Mike Stoops, brother of Bob Stoops, the head football coach at the University of Oklahoma (the 2000 BCS national champions); Stoops was fired on October 10, 2011.

title: J. J. Arrington

text: Ultimately, the season would end in disappointment. Despite a stellar 10-1 record, they Bears were bypassed for a BCS Bowl bid by The University of Texas. As a result, they played in the Pacific Life Holiday Bowl against a 7-4 Texas Tech squad, where Cal was upset by a score of 45-31, a disappointing end to Arrington's college career.

title: Holiday Bowl

text: Beginning in 1995, the Big Eight Conference replaced the Big Ten and remained tied with the bowl through as the conference expanded to become the Big 12 the following year. The WAC's automatic bid was split, with first choice given to the Cotton Bowl Classic in Dallas, and a team from the Pacific-10 Conference was added as the alternate pick (meaning that, if the WAC champion played in the Cotton Bowl, the Pac-10's team would play in the Holiday Bowl). The WAC ended its association with the Holiday Bowl after the 1997 game, and the game became a matchup between the Big 12 and Pac-10.

title: Texas Tech Red Raiders football

text: The Red Raiders' fans have set attendance records at 10 bowl games, including the team's first bowl game appearance in the 1938 Sun Bowl. Although eight of the 10 attendance records were eventually broken, attendance records from 2 bowl game appearances, the 2004 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl and 2009 AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic, remain unbroken. The 2009 AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic's attendance record of 88,175 was the second-most attended bowl game of the 2008–09 bowl game season.

title: 2005 Holiday Bowl

text: The 2005 Holiday Bowl was a college football bowl game. The game was held at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego on December 29, 2005, with the Big 12 Conference's Oklahoma Sooners defeating the Pacific-10 Conference's Oregon Ducks, 17–14.

title: Violina Linda Pedro

text: Pedro started to play lawn bowls in 1989. Lawn bowls is a very popular sport in the South Pacific region. At the 13th South Pacific Games on Samoa in 2007 she won the first ever gold medal in any international competition for her home country of Tokelau, as she won the women's pairs competition with her partner Opetera Samakia Ngatoko. She also won a gold medal in the women's singles competition.

title: 2007 Holiday Bowl

text: The Longhorns won the game 52–34. The 52points were the most ever scored by the Longhorns in their 47bowl games.[35] With the Longhorns in control through most of the game, many fans left early. The San Diego Union Tribune estimated that 5,000fans remained in the stands at the end of the game. The game lasted 4hours and 17minutes – equaling the 1989 Penn State – BYU game as the longest Holiday Bowl to date.[19][20]