query: What years did Carl Jung live?

title: Carl Jung

text: Carl Gustav Jung (/jʊŋ/;[3] German:[jʊŋ]; 26 July 1875– 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology.

title: Carl Jung

text: Eventually a close friendship and a strong professional association developed between the elder Freud and Jung, which left a sizeable correspondence. For six years they cooperated in their work.[25] In 1912, however, Jung published Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido (known in English as Psychology of the Unconscious), which made manifest the developing theoretical divergence between the two. Consequently, their personal and professional relationship fractured—each stating that the other was unable to admit he could possibly be wrong. After the culminating break in 1913, Jung went through a difficult and pivotal psychological transformation, exacerbated by the outbreak of the First World War. Henri Ellenberger called Jung's intense experience a "creative illness" and compared it favorably to Freud's own period of what he called neurasthenia and hysteria.[26]:173

title: Cloud, Encore

text: It was years later when Jung saw Im again. This time, when Im started filming his 102nd film "Revivre" (2014), Jung told him, "I came to steal your film." Following the filming closely, he learned that "every scene in a film comes from the experience of a person who has lived in the world." In conclusion, Jung said, "That's what I filmed. Today, that is what I edit."

title: Carl Jung

text: Jung did not plan to study psychiatry since it was not considered prestigious at the time. But, studying a psychiatric textbook, he became very excited when he discovered that psychoses are personality diseases. His interest was immediately captured—it combined the biological and the spiritual, exactly what he was searching for.[21] In 1895 Jung began to study medicine at the University of Basel. Barely a year later in 1896, his father Paul died and left the family near destitute. They were helped out by relatives who also contributed to Jung's studies.[22] During his student days, he entertained his contemporaries with the family legend, that his paternal grandfather was the illegitimate son of Goethe and his German great-grandmother, Sophie Ziegler. In later life, he pulled back from this tale, saying only that Sophie was a friend of Goethe's niece.[23]

title: Rupert Sheldrake

text: Sheldrake has also noted similarities between morphic resonance and Carl Jung's collective unconscious, with regard to collective memories being shared across individuals and the coalescing of particular behaviours through repetition, described by Jung as archetypes. However, whereas Jung assumed that archetypal forms were transmitted through physical inheritance, Sheldrake attributes collective memories to morphic resonance, and rejects any explanation of them involving what he terms "mechanistic biology".

title: Carl Jung

text: In December 1937, Jung left Zurich again for an extensive tour of India with Fowler McCormick. In India, he felt himself "under the direct influence of a foreign culture" for the first time. In Africa, his conversations had been strictly limited by the language barrier, but in India he was able to converse extensively. Hindu philosophy became an important element in his understanding of the role of symbolism and the life of the unconscious, though he avoided a meeting with Ramana Maharshi. He described Ramana as being absorbed in "the self", but admitted to not understanding Ramana's self-realization or what he actually did do. He also admitted that his field of psychology was not competent to understand the eastern insight of the Atman "the self". Jung became seriously ill on this trip and endured two weeks of delirium in a Calcutta hospital. After 1938, his travels were confined to Europe.[54]

title: Carl Jung

text: Laurens van der Post, Afrikaner author who claimed to have had a 16-year friendship with Jung, from which a number of books and a film were created about Jung's life.[122] The accuracy of van der Post's claims about the closeness of his relationship to Jung has been questioned.[123] Hermann Hesse, author of works such as Siddhartha and Steppenwolf, was treated by Joseph Lang, a student of Jung. For Hesse this began a long preoccupation with psychoanalysis, through which he came to know Jung personally.[124] In his novel The World is Made of Glass (1983) Morris West gives a fictional account of one of Jung's cases, placing the events in 1913.[125] As stated in the author's note, the novel is "based upon a case recorded, very briefly, by Carl Gustav Jung in his autobiographical work Memories, Dreams, Reflections".

title: Carl Jung

text: Jung was thirty when he sent his Studies in Word Association to Sigmund Freud in Vienna in 1906. The two men met for the first time the following year and Jung recalled the discussion between himself and Freud as interminable. He recalled that they talked almost unceasingly for thirteen hours.[32] Six months later, the then 50-year-old Freud sent a collection of his latest published essays to Jung in Zurich. This marked the beginning of an intense correspondence and collaboration that lasted six years and ended in May 1913.[33] At that time Jung resigned as the chairman of the International Psychoanalytical Association, a position to which he had been elected with Freud's support.

title: Carl Jung

text: Jung's mother left Laufen for several months of hospitalization near Basel for an unknown physical ailment. His father took the boy to be cared for by Emilie Jung's unmarried sister in Basel, but he was later brought back to his father's residence. Emilie Jung's continuing bouts of absence and depression deeply troubled her son and caused him to associate women with "innate unreliability", whereas "father" meant for him reliability but also powerlessness.[8] In his memoir, Jung would remark that this parental influence was the "handicap I started off with. Later, these early impressions were revised: I have trusted men friends and been disappointed by them, and I have mistrusted women and was not disappointed."[9] After three years of living in Laufen, Paul Jung requested a transfer; he was called to Kleinhüningen, next to Basel in 1879. The relocation brought Emilie Jung closer into contact with her family and lifted her melancholy.[10] When he was nine years old, Jung's sister Johanna Gertrud (1884–1935) was born. Known in the family as "Trudi", she later became a secretary to her brother.[11]

title: Alfred Wolfsohn

text: Wolfsohn subscribed to the views of Carl Jung, who proposed that each human psyche comprises a composite of subpersonalities that appear most vividly in dreams. Jung claimed to have witnessed what he variously called 'mini-personalities', 'splinter-psyches', and the 'little-people' expressed through vocal sound when he observed his cousin, a girl called Helly, manifest a range of distinct vocal timbres and dialects at séances, during which she claimed to be speaking on behalf of dead persons. This became the starting point for Jung's doctoral thesis, and precipitated his later work on what he described as the multiple nature of the psyche.

title: Carl Jung

text: Federico Fellini brought to the screen an exuberant imagery shaped by his encounter with the ideas of Jung, especially Jungian dream interpretation. Fellini preferred Jung to Freud because Jungian analysis defined the dream not as a symptom of a disease that required a cure but rather as a link to archetypal images shared by all of humanity.[134] BBC interview with Jung for Face to Face with John Freeman at Jung's home in Zurich. 1959.[135] Stanley Kubrick's 1987 film Full Metal Jacket features an underlying theme about the duality of man throughout the action and dialogue of the film. One scene plays out this way: A Colonel asks a soldier, "You write 'Born to Kill' on your helmet and you wear a peace button. What's that supposed to be, some kind of sick joke?" To which the soldier replies, "I think I was trying to suggest something about the duality of man, sir... The Jungian thing, sir."[136] The Soul Keeper, a 2002 film about Sabina Spielrein and Jung. The Talking Cure, a 2002 play by Christopher Hampton A Dangerous Method, a 2011 film directed by David Cronenberg based on Hampton's play The Talking Cure, is a fictional dramatisation of Jung's life as a psychoanalyst between 1904 and 1913. It mainly concerns his relationships with Freud and Sabina Spielrein, a Russian woman who became his lover and student and, later, an analyst herself. Matter of Heart (1986), a documentary on Jung featuring interviews with those who knew him and archive footage. Carl Gustav Jung, Salomón Shang, 2007. A documentary film made of interviews with C. G. Jung, found in American university archives. The World Within. C. G. Jung in his own words, 1990 documentary (on YouTube)

title: Lady Grinning Soul

text: According to artist Tanja Stark, Bowie was deeply influenced by psychoanalyst Carl Jung who described his famous archetypal concept of the "Anima" as a renaming of what the poet Carl Spitteler had called ‘My Lady Soul’ (Jung, 1968:13).

title: Gustav Heyer

text: Heyer was a Munich medical doctor. In 1918 he married Lucie Grote, a masseuse, dancer and student of Elsa Gindler. Heyer and his wife pioneered together a combined physical and psychological therapy. They both underwent training with Carl Jung in the mid-1920s, and Heyer became a close friend of Jung. He was Jung's deputy for a year when Jung controversially assumed the presidency of the General Medical Society for Psychotherapy, and Jung wrote an introduction for Heyer's "The Organism of the Mind". In 1936, however, he and Jung argued at the annual meeting of the society.

title: Apollo archetype

text: Early in the 20th century, Carl Gustav Jung sought to find a word that could describe the innate patterns of behaviour that govern our lives. Thus he introduced the term ‘Archetypes’ into modern psychology. Jung described archetypes as distinct themes manifesting in the fantasies and behaviour of his patients, and found these same themes visibly rendered in the arts, religions, myths, architecture, and social customs of all peoples. Because he did not want the term ‘archetypes’ to become yet another intellectual abstraction, Jung advanced various mythic images to illustrate them. For instance, the Goddess Demeter is a presentation of the archetypal mother; Zeus an archetypal father; Apollo the archetypal intellectual, and so on. Jung went on to personify many archetypes by using general expressions such as 'The Great Mother’, 'Old Wise Man’, 'Shadow archetype’, etc. which have now become standard expressions in the field of Analytical Psychology. Jung writes “The fact that the unconscious spontaneously personifies is the reason why I have taken over these personifications in my terminology and formulated them in names”.

title: Carl Jung

text: Carl Gustav Jung[lower-alpha 1] was born in Kesswil, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau, on 26 July 1875 as the second and first surviving son of Paul Achilles Jung (1842–1896) and Emilie Preiswerk (1848–1923). Their first child, born in 1873, was a boy named Paul who survived only a few days.[4][5] Being the youngest son of a noted Basel physician of German descent, also called Karl Gustav Jung (1794–1864), whose hopes of achieving a fortune never materialised, Paul Jung did not progress beyond the status of an impoverished rural pastor in the Swiss Reformed Church; his wife had also grown up in a large family, whose Swiss roots went back five centuries. Emilie was the youngest child of a distinguished Basel churchman and academic, Samuel Preiswerk (1799–1871), and his second wife. Preiswerk was antistes, the title given to the head of the Reformed clergy in the city, as well as a Hebraist, author and editor, who taught Paul Jung as his professor of Hebrew at Basel University.[6]

title: Abreaction

text: Early in his career, psychoanalyst Carl Jung expressed interest in abreaction, or what he referred to as "trauma theory", but later decided it had limitations in treatment of neurosis. Jung said:

title: Carl Jung

text: While Jung worked on his Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido (Psychology of the Unconscious: a study of the transformations and symbolisms of the libido, a contribution to the history of the evolution of thought), tensions became manifest between him and Freud because of their disagreements over the nature of libido and religion.[39] Jung de-emphasized the importance of sexual development and focused on the collective unconscious: the part of the unconscious that contains memories and ideas that Jung believed were inherited from ancestors. While he did think that libido was an important source for personal growth, unlike Freud, Jung did not believe that libido alone was responsible for the formation of the core personality.[40] Jung believed his personal development was influenced by factors he felt were unrelated to sexuality.

title: Carl Jung

text: It was the publication of Jung's book Psychology of the Unconscious in 1912 that led to the break with Freud. Letters they exchanged show Freud's refusal to consider Jung's ideas. This rejection caused what Jung described in his (posthumous) 1962 autobiography, Memories, Dreams, Reflections, as a "resounding censure". Everyone he knew dropped away except for two of his colleagues. Jung described his book as "an attempt, only partially successful, to create a wider setting for medical psychology and to bring the whole of the psychic phenomena within its purview." (The book was later revised and retitled Symbols of Transformation in 1922).

title: Carl Jung

text: Jung left no posthumous instructions about the final disposition of what he called the Liber Novus or the Red Book. Sonu Shamdasani, a historian of psychology from London, tried for three years to persuade Jung's resistant heirs to have it published. Up to mid-September 2008, fewer than two dozen people had seen it. Ulrich Hoerni, Jung's grandson who manages the Jung archives, decided to publish it to raise the additional funds needed when the Philemon Foundation was founded.[48]

title: Mary Foote

text: Mary Foote (1872 - 1968) was an American painter and producer of notes of Carl Jung's seminars. As an artist, she lived and worked in New York's Washington Square, Paris and Peking. From 1928 to the 1950s she lived in Zurich and created and published notes of Carl Jung's seminars until World War II. She returned to the United States in the 1950s and spent her later years in Connecticut, where she died.

title: Gnosticism in modern times

text: Carl Gustav Jung evinced a special interest in Gnosticism from at least 1912, when he wrote enthusiastically about the topic in a letter to Freud. After what he called his own 'encounter with the unconscious,' Jung sought for external evidence of this kind of experience. He found such evidence in Gnosticism, and also in alchemy, which he saw as a continuation of Gnostic thought, and of which more source material was available. In his study of the Gnostics, Jung made extensive use of the work of GRS Mead. Jung visited Mead in London to thank him for the "Pistis Sophia", the two corresponded, and Mead visited Jung in Zürich.

title: George Beckwith (Carl Jung associate)

text: In 1925, Leonard Bacon met Beckwith in Zurich. Beckwith was living in Paris, in analysis with Jung's apprentice H. G. "Peter" Baynes, and traveling frequently to Zurich to attend the seminars Jung held for patients and students. Bacon was an American poet who had come to Zurich for a few months to be analyzed by Jung. Bacon recalled Beckwith in his memoir:

title: Carl Jung

text: Jung went on to say "the main point is to get a young and insecure science into a place of safety during an earthquake".[107] He did not end his relationship with the Zentralblatt at this time, but he did arrange the appointment of a new managing editor, Carl Alfred Meier of Switzerland. For the next few years, the Zentralblatt under Jung and Meier maintained a position distinct from that of the Nazis, in that it continued to acknowledge contributions of Jewish doctors to psychotherapy.[108]

title: Carl Jung

text: At the age of 12, shortly before the end of his first year at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, Jung was pushed to the ground by another boy so hard that he momentarily lost consciousness. (Jung later recognized that the incident was his fault, indirectly.) A thought then came to him—"now you won't have to go to school anymore."[19] From then on, whenever he walked to school or began homework, he fainted. He remained at home for the next six months until he overheard his father speaking hurriedly to a visitor about the boy's future ability to support himself. They suspected he had epilepsy. Confronted with the reality of his family's poverty, he realized the need for academic excellence. He went into his father's study and began poring over Latin grammar. He fainted three more times but eventually overcame the urge and did not faint again. This event, Jung later recalled, "was when I learned what a neurosis is."[20]

title: Carl Jung

text: Jung and Freud influenced each other during the intellectually formative years of Jung's life. Jung had become interested in psychiatry as a student by reading Psychopathia Sexualis by Richard von Krafft-Ebing. In 1900, Jung completed his degree, and started work as an intern (voluntary doctor) under the psychiatrist, Eugen Bleuler at Burghölzli Hospital.[34] It was Bleuler who introduced him to the writings of Freud by asking him to write a review of The Interpretation of Dreams (1899). In 1905 Jung was appointed as a permanent 'senior' doctor at the hospital and also became a lecturer Privatdozent in the medical faculty of Zurich University.[35] In that period psychology as a science was still in its early stages, but Jung became a qualified proponent of Freud's new "psycho-analysis." At the time, Freud needed collaborators and pupils to validate and spread his ideas. Burghölzli was a renowned psychiatric clinic in Zurich and Jung's research had already gained him international recognition. Preceded by a lively correspondence, Jung met Freud for the first time, in Vienna on 3 March 1907.[36] In 1908, Jung became an editor of the newly founded Yearbook for Psychoanalytical and Psychopathological Research.

title: Henry Murray

text: In 1916, Murray married, aged 23, and after seven years of marriage, in 1923, he met and fell in love with Christiana Morgan. He experienced a serious conflict as he did not want to leave his wife, Josephine. This was a turning point in Murray's life as it raised his awareness of conflicting needs, the pressure that can result, and the links to motivation. Carver and Scheier note that it was Morgan who was "fascinated by the psychology of Carl Jung" and it was as a result of her urging that he met Carl Jung in Switzerland. He described Jung as "The first full blooded, spherical—and Goethean, I would say, intelligence I had ever met." He was analyzed by him and studied his works. "The experience of bringing a problem to a psychologist and receiving an answer that seemed to work had a great impact on Murray, leading him to seriously consider psychology as a career". Jung's advice to Murray concerning his personal life was to continue openly with both relationships.

title: Carl Jung

text: Dohe, Carrie B. Jung's Wandering Archetype: Race and Religion in Analytical Psychology. London: Routledge, 2016. ISBN978-1138888401 Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Paul Bishop, Carl Jung (Critical Lives) (Reaktion Books, 2014) Richard Noll, The Aryan Christ: The Secret Life of Carl Jung (Random House, 1997) Anthony Stevens, On Jung (second edition) Sonu Shamdasani, Cult Fictions, ISBN0-415-18614-5 Sonu Shamdasani, Jung and the Making of Modern Psychology: The Dream of a Science, ISBN0-521-53909-9 Sonu Shamdasani, Jung Stripped Bare, ISBN1-85575-317-0 Bair, Deirdre. Jung: A Biography. Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 2003

title: Wolfgang Giegerich

text: The major goal of this approach is to redefine the notion of psychology (the logos of the soul) as it has emerged as a discipline in Western thought. Giegerich’s perspective is influenced by the traditional depth psychologies of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, and more recently James Hillman’s archetypal psychology. Unlike both Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, Giegerich argues that the methodology of the empirical sciences is an inadequate basis for the study of psychology. Rather, he draws on the phenomenology of Martin Heidegger, the notion of the dialectical movement of consciousness from G. W. F. Hegel, and like Jung, he uses various transformational ideas from medieval alchemy. Additionally, in contrast to modern academic psychology and to the various schools of psychotherapy, Giegerich argues for a shift in focus from the individual, whose very definition has changed radically throughout history, to a focus on the cultural mind, evolving zeitgeist, or as he prefers, “the soul,” which is what ultimately gives rise to the changing understandings of what it means to be an ‘individual’. It is this movement of "soul" or a culture’s mode of being-in-the-world, which when viewed within a historical context, is the primary interest.

title: Carl Jung

text: The visionary Swiss painter Peter Birkhäuser was treated by a student of Jung, Marie-Louise von Franz, and corresponded with Jung regarding the translation of dream symbolism into works of art.[126] American Abstract Expressionist Jackson Pollock underwent Jungian psychotherapy in 1939 with Joseph Henderson. His therapist made the decision to engage him through his art, and had Pollock make drawings, which led to the appearance of many Jungian concepts in his paintings.[127][128] Contrary to some sources,[129] Jung did not visit Liverpool but recorded a dream in which he had, and of which he wrote "Liverpool is the pool of life, it makes to live." As a result, a statue of Jung was erected in Mathew Street in 1987 but, being made of plaster, was vandalised and replaced by a more durable version in 1993.[130]

title: Carl Jung publications

text: This is a list of writings published by Carl Jung. Works arranged by original publication date if known:

title: Otto Gross

text: Carl Jung credited Gross with having described two general types – "inferiority with shallow consciousness" and "inferiority with contracted consciousness" – that very closely resemble what Jung described as the extraverted feeling and introverted thinking types a decade later. Despite having issues with Gross's theoretical assumptions of a secondary cell function and the "individual" nature of a person's passion, Jung credited Gross with major advances in typological and psychological theory.


query: When did France become a republic?

title: French Republics

text: French Republics refer to a succession of republics after the proclamation of the French Revolution and the abolition of the monarchy in France in 1792.

title: Wiederbewaffnung

text: During the NATO meeting in September 1950, France decided to become isolated for the operation because they did not want Germany to join NATO. The Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) wanted to join NATO because the then German chancellor Konrad Adenauer decided that it would appease the fears of its neighbors and it would gain Germany's trust and show willingness to cooperate. At first the US was skeptical about the whole operation, but after Dwight D Eisenhower agreed to endorse the deal then the US was for the operation. The Federal Republic of Germany in Paris, France, agreed to support the operation. One of the better known attempts to gain West Germany the right to re-arm was the European Defense Community or EDC. A modification of the Pleven Plan, it would permit the raising of West German forces but integrate them into a European Defense Force. When West-Germany embraced an edited plan and the push for rearmament seemed to be assured, France decided to kill it in August 1954. In 1955, West Germany joined NATO.

title: France–Republic of Texas relations

text: France – Republic of Texas relations refers to the historical foreign relations between the Republic of Texas and France. Relations began in September 1839 when France appointed Alponse Dubois de Saligny to serve as chargé d'affaires. Relations officially ceased upon annexation of Texas by the United States.

title: History of the Republic of Macedonia

text: In 1999, the Kosovo War led to 340,000 Albanian refugees from Kosovo fleeing into Macedonia, greatly disrupting normal life in the region and threatening to upset the balance between Macedonians and Albanians. Refugee camps were set up in Macedonia. Athens did not interfere with the Republic's affairs when NATO forces moved to and from the region ahead a possible invasion of Yugoslavia. Thessaloniki was the main depot for humanitarian aid to the region. The Republic did not become involved in the conflict.

title: Louis Jaurès

text:
Louis and Jean Jaurès both studied at the Collège de Castres.
Louis was a good student, and won the second prize in geography.
In 1878 the Jaurès brothers were at an event in Castres where the sub-Prefect spoke in praise of the French nation but did not mention the Republic, and ended with ""Vive la France!"".
Louis Jaurès at once called out ""Vive la République!"".
When a Bonapartist colonel reprimanded him, Jaurès responded that France was indeed a republic.
Neither his father or brother supported him.

title: Franco-Austrian Alliance

text: The Alliance had its heyday during the Seven Years' War when France and Austria joined forces to fight the mutual enemy of Prussia. Following the allies' defeat in that war, the intimacy of the alliance weakened, and by the 1780s it had become something closer to a formality—when Austria briefly considered the idea of entering the American War of Independence on Britain's side against France. By the time of the French Revolution—when France first declared itself a constitutional monarchy, and then overthrew and executed its king—it had collapsed entirely and Austria actively tried to restore the French monarchy by going to war with the new French Republic.

title: Count of Diois

text: Diois lands remained after dead of Cesar Borgia under Kingdom of France domine as part of dauphinate, with French revolution passed to Republic of France and Napoleonic empire until it was instaurated the third Republic of France when Diois remained joined to French Republic as region denominated Diois inside French Drôme department in southeastern France and the commune of Die.

title: 2009 Republic of Ireland v France football matches

text: France and the Republic of Ireland did not meet in the qualifying matches for the 2012 European Championships. France were drawn in Group D while Ireland were drawn in Group B, although they were drawn together in the practice run for the draw held the day before.

title: Triple Alliance (1596)

text: Around 1595, Elizabeth I of England was not very interested in forming an alliance with the Republic and France. She was very apprehensive about the possibility that the Republic could become a major naval power and a major competitor of England. Elizabeth saw the kingdom of France as an eternal enemy. While she was not looking for the demise of the kingdom, she was also not prepared to help France become a world power.

title: Geneva thaler

text: The thaler was the currency of the Republic of Geneva until 1794, when it was replaced by the "genevoise". The genevoise only circulated until the next year, when the thaler was reinstated as the Republic's currency. In 1798, Geneva was annexed by France and the French franc replaced the thaler. After regaining independence from France in 1813 and joining the Swiss Confederation in 1815, the thaler was readopted as the currency of Geneva. It circulated until 1839, when it was replaced by the franc.

title: Vel' d'Hiv Roundup

text: For decades the French government declined to apologize for the role of French policemen in the roundup or for any other state complicity. It was argued (by de Gaulle and others) that the French Republic had been dismantled when Philippe Pétain instituted a new French State during the war and that the Republic had been re-established when the war was over. It was not for the Republic, therefore, to apologise for events caused by a state which France did not recognise. President François Mitterrand reiterated this position in a September 1994 speech. "I will not apologize in the name of France. The Republic had nothing to do with this. I do not believe France is responsible."

title: Du battant des lames au sommet des montagnes

text: It took until 1882, when L'Entre-Deux was created, that the first commune of Réunion not stretching "du battant des lames au sommet des montagnes" was created: it did not reach the sea and its minimum altitude was around 100 m. France having become a republic, systematic hagiotoponymy (naming places after saints) was abandoned on that occasion. Thus, L'Entre-Deux became the first municipality whose name did not honour a saint.

title: Triple Alliance (1596)

text: The Triple Alliance of 1596 (full title: Tract of alliance between England, France and the United Netherlands), was an alliance between England, France and the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. The Republic joined as a third party to an earlier agreement between England and France, but the alliance did in fact not take effect until the Republic joined. By signing the treaty, France and England were the first states to recognize the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands as an independent state. The three parties in the alliance were all at war with Spain. There had been attempts to convince magnates from the Holy Roman Empire to join the alliance, but they did not want to enter the war against Spain. The alliance, along with other things, agreed to help maintain their respective armies. The alliance was in effect for only a few years.

title: Louis XV of France

text: The borders of France were enlarged for the last time before the Revolution by two additions; The Duchy of Lorraine, ruled by The King's father-in-law, Stanislas, reverted to France after his death, and officially was joined to the kingdom 27–28 March 1766. The acquisition of Corsica was more complicated. The island formally belonged to the Republic of Genoa, but an independent Republic of Corsica had been proclaimed in 1755 by Pasquale Paoli, and the rebels controlled most of the island. The Republic of Genoa did not have the military forces to conquer the island, and permitted Louis to send French troops to occupy the ports and major cities, to keep the island from falling into British hands. When the war ended, the island was formally granted to France by Treaty of Versailles on 19 May 1768. Louis sent the army to subdue the Corsican rebels; the army on the island eventually numbered twenty-seven thousand soldiers. In May 1769 the Corsican rebels were defeated at the Battle of Ponte Novu, and Paoli took refuge in England. In 1770 the island formally became a Province of France.[92]

title: History of monarchy in Australia

text: Public attitudes were quietly changing, though republicanism did not become a seriously considered proposition until 1991, when Labor Prime Minister Paul Keating formed the Republic Advisory Committee to investigate the possibility of Australia becoming a republic. Under Liberal/National Coalition Prime Minister John Howard, Australia held a two-question referendum. The first question asked whether Australia should become a republic with a president appointed by parliament, a bi-partisan appointment model which had previously been decided at a constitutional convention in February 1998.

title: History of monarchy in Australia

text: When Prime Minister Kevin Rudd (Labor) assumed office in 2007, he stated that the republic was not a priority for his first term. He did affirm that it formed part of the Labor policy platform. During a visit to Britain in April 2008 he stated his belief that the republican debate should continue. During the weekend of 19/20 April a meeting of various members of Australian society met in Canberra to come up with ideas for Australia's future. This has become known as the Australia 2020 Summit. The republic was floated again, and widely supported. Rudd came out in support and intimated that the republic may become a reality before the end of the reign of Elizabeth II. Former Prime Minister Julia Gillard (2010-2013 ) stated that she is a republican. However she wished an appropriate model of republic be explored before the issue was taken to the people again. Kevin Rudd did not flag the question of a republic during his second term of office as Prime Minister.

title: Australia–China relations

text: After the establishment of the People's Republic of China ("PRC") in 1949 and the retreat of the Republic of China ("ROC") government to Taiwan, Australia did not recognise the PRC. The United Kingdom proposed in 1949 that Britain, Australia and New Zealand should simultaneously recognise the new government. However, the Australian and New Zealand governments were concerned about electoral repercussions at a time when Communism was becoming a more topical issues, and did not do so immediately. Although Ben Chifley's Labor government preferred to be realistic about the new Chinese government and would have supported its admission to the United Nations, it lost the election. The British government went ahead with the recognition of the PRC alone in 1950, but the United States withheld recognition. The Korean War further solidified the United States' position of supporting the Republic of China regime in Taiwan instead of the PRC. Wavering between its two traditional allies, Australia chose to follow the lead of the United States, rather than Britain, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, France, Canada, and Italy (all of which switched recognition to the PRC before 1970).

title: Henrietta of England

text: Charles was to abandon England's Triple Alliance with Sweden and the Dutch Republic in favour of assisting Louis XIV in conquering the Dutch Republic, which he claimed for his wife Queen Marie Thérèse as part of her unpaid dowry. Provided that the conquest was successfully completed, England was promised several very profitable ports along one of the major rivers that ran through the Dutch Republic. The treaty did not become public until 1830. After her time in England, she returned to France on 18 June.

title: Republic of West Florida

text: The United States did not recognize the independence of the Republic of West Florida, and on October 27, 1810, President James Madison of it, on the basis that it was part of the Louisiana Purchase. In his proclamation, Madison invoked the portion of the Louisiana Purchase agreement that directly quoted the 1800 St. Ildefonso treaty between France and Spain: Louisiana, Madison stated, had "the same extent that it had in the hands of Spain, and that it had when France originally possessed it." However, neither the 1800 treaty nor the 1803 purchase includes the word "originally"; instead, they state, "with the same extent that it now has in the hands of Spain and that it had when France possessed it." Madison's tweak served his annexation rationale but had no basis in the treaty language.

title: Republic of the Congo–France relations

text: Franco–Congolese relations refers to the current and historical relationship between the French Republic and the Republic of the Congo. France maintains an embassy in Brazzaville and a consulate in Pointe Noire. France controlled the Republic of the Congo as a colony from the 1880s until the Congo's independence in 1960. Following the collapse of communism worldwide, France has become Congo's most significant external trading partner.

title: Vichy France

text: For decades, the French government argued that the French Republic had been dismantled when Philippe Pétain instituted a new French State during the war and that the Republic had been re-established when the war was over. It was not for the Republic, therefore, to apologise for events that happened while it had not existed and which had been carried out by a State which it did not recognise. For example, former President François Mitterrand had maintained that the Vichy Government, not France's Republic, was responsible. This position was more recently reiterated by Marine Le Pen, leader of the National Front Party, during the 2017 election campaign.

title: Republic of Bouillon

text: The Republic of Bouillon was a short-lived French client republic, around the city of Bouillon in present-day Belgium, based on the duchy of Bouillon, which had existed between France and the Austrian Netherlands since the 15th century. Reforms, sponsored by the duke, abolishing manorialism and feudalism and establishing a constitutional basis for the monarchy did not prevent what many sources describe as the proclamation of a republic in April 1794. The republic was short-lived, however, as the territory was annexed by the French First Republic 18 months later. In 1815, after the Napoleonic Wars, the duchy was absorbed into the promoted Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, becoming a part of Belgium when that nation was founded in the 1830s.

title: Military history of the Netherlands

text: Again in contrast to France, the new Republic did not experience a reign of terror or become a dictatorship. Changes were imposed from outside after Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power. In 1805 Napoleon installed the shrewd politician Schimmelpenninck as "raadspensionaris" ("Grand Pensionary", i.e. president of the republic) to strengthen the executive branch. In 1806 Napoleon forced Schimmelpenninck to resign and declared his brother Louis Bonaparte king of the new Kingdom of Holland.

title: France–Netherlands relations

text: From the 1560s, France and the Dutch Republic considered themselves to be allies until 1668 when the Dutch Republic formed the Triple Alliance with the Kingdom of England and the Swedish Empire to revolt against Louis XIV of France's expansion in the War of Devolution in support of the Spanish Empire, whom France succeeded as the strongest nation in Europe. Feeling betrayed by the Dutch Republic, Louis realized that the Dutch Republic would hinder France in conquering the Spanish Netherlands.

title: David Basset

text: Basset's life becomes more clear in 1687 when he became embroiled in a dispute with Antoine Parat, Governor of Plaisance (Placentia), Newfoundland, over transporting two Huguenots to Boston when the governor wanted to deport them to France. His ship was confiscated and he was sent to prison in France. A pardon occurred on conditions of becoming a settler at Port Royal, Nova Scotia. Basset went to Boston for his family and did not return.

title: 19th-century Dutch literature

text: During this period, the Low Countries had gone through major political upheaval. The Spanish Netherlands had first become the Austrian Netherlands before being annexed by France in 1794. The Republic, which had become a "de facto" monarchy in 1747 when the office of stadtholder became hereditary to the House of Orange-Nassau, saw a revolution inspired and backed by France that led to the Batavian Republic and Kingdom of Holland vassal states before actual French annexation in 1810. This transition period removed many old habits and institutions and provided for unitary government, the first constitution (1798) and uniform orthography (Matthias Siegenbeek's spelling).

title: Eastern Question

text: The Treaty of Paris stood until 1871, when France was crushed in the Franco-Prussian War. While Prussia and several other German states united into a powerful German Empire, Napoleon III was deposed in the formation of the French Third Republic. Napoleon had opposed Russia over the Eastern Question in order to gain the support of Britain. But the new French Republic did not oppose Russian interference in the Ottoman Empire because that did not significantly threaten French interests. Encouraged by the decision of France, and supported by the German minister Otto, Fürst von Bismarck, Russia denounced the Black Sea clauses of the treaty agreed to in 1856. As Britain alone could not enforce the clauses, Russia once again established a fleet in the Black Sea.

title: Republics of the Soviet Union

text:
Each republic had its own unique set of state symbols: a flag, a coat of arms, and, with the exception of Russia until 1990, an anthem. Every republic of the Soviet Union also was awarded with the Order of Lenin.
The number of the union republics of the USSR varied from 4 to 16. In majority of years and at the later decades of its existence, the Soviet Union consisted of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics. Rather than listing the republics in alphabetical order, the republics were listed in constitutional order, which, particularly by the last decades of the Soviet Union, did not correspond to order either by population or economic power.The Turkestan Soviet Federative Republic was proclaimed in 1918 but did not survive to the founding of the USSR, becoming the short-lived Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the RSFSR. The Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic (Soviet Socialist Republic of Taurida) was also proclaimed in 1918, but did not became a union republic and was made into an autonomous republic of the RSFSR, although the Crimean Tatars had a relative majority until the 1930s or 1940s according to censuses. When the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Soviet Union in 1944, it did not become a union republic, and was instead established as an autonomous republic of the RSFSR.

title: Flag of the Central African Republic

text: The flag of the Central African Republic was adopted by the Legislative Assembly on 1 December 1958. At the time it was introduced, President Barthélemy Boganda stated in the national Legislative Assembly that "Those colours, which symbolize the four territories constituting the French Equatorial Africa but also our guide territory, the Metropolitan France, came out of my heart. The red stripe which crosses the four colours is the symbol of our blood. As we did it when France was in danger, we shall shed our blood for Africa and to protect the Central African Republic, member of the French Community."

title: Jacques Chirac

text: Prior to 1995, the French government had maintained that the French Republic had been dismantled when Philippe Pétain instituted a new French State during World War II and that the Republic had been re-established when the war was over. It was not for France, therefore, to apologise for the roundup of Jews for deportation that happened while the Republic had not existed and was carried out by a state, Vichy France, which it did not recognise. President François Mitterrand had reiterated this position: "The Republic had nothing to do with this. I do not believe France is responsible," he said in September 1994.

title: List of Major League Baseball players from Europe

text: The French Third Republic was France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed, to 1940, when France's defeat by Nazi Germany led to the Vichy France government. Vichy was replaced by the French Fourth Republic.


query: Does Japan have a football team?

title: Japan national football team

text: Japan is one of the most successful teams in Asia, having qualified for the last six consecutive FIFA World Cups with second round advancements in 2002, 2010, and 2018, and having won the AFC Asian Cup a record four times, in 1992, 2000, 2004 and 2011. The team has also finished second in the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup. Their principal continental rivals are South Korea and most recently, Australia.

title: Japan women's national football team

text: During the 1970s, the number of women football players and teams increased in Japan, and teams made up regional leagues in various parts of Japan. In 1980, "All-Japan Women's Football Championship" was held, and in 1981 the Japan women's national football team played its first international match in Hong Kong. The team continued playing matches in Japan or in other countries, but it was not an "All Japan" national team but a temporarily organized team selected from the regional leagues.

title: Japan national football team (disambiguation)

text: The Japan men's national football team and the Japan women's national football team represent Japan in association football.

title: Japan national football team

text: The Japanese team is commonly known by the fans and media as Sakkā Nippon Daihyō(サッカー日本代表), Nippon Daihyō(日本代表), or Daihyō(代表) as abbreviated expressions. Although the team does not have an official nickname as such, it is often known by the name of the manager. For example, under Takeshi Okada, the team was known as Okada Japan(岡田ジャパン,Okada Japan).[35] Recently, the team has been known or nicknamed as the "Samurai Blue", while Japanese news media during the 2018 FIFA World Cup still referred it to by the recently departed manager's (Akira Nishino) last name, as "Nishino Japan"(西野ジャパン,Nishino Japan).[36][37]

text: The Japan women's national under-20 football team is a national association football youth team of Japan and is controlled by the Japan Football Association.

title: List of women's football clubs in Japan

text:
This page contains a list of the women's football clubs in Japan. There are many football leagues, including Nadeshiko League, Challenge League, and regional leagues. Additionally there are leagues for University / College football clubs.
There are eight regional women's football/soccer leagues in Japan; Tohoku region does not have women's regional league.

text: The United Koreans in Japan official football team represents the Korean population living in Japan. The team represents players holding passports from both North Korea and South Korea. The team, run by the United Korean Football Association in Japan (UKFAJ), joined ConIFA in 2015, and played its first matches at the 2016 ConIFA World Football Cup.

title: Argentina–Brazil football rivalry

text: The Brazil women's national team is a successful women's football team, though not as successful as the men's counterpart. It was runner-up in the FIFA Women's World Cup of 2007, and won a silver medal at the Olympic games in 2004 and 2008. In comparison, Argentina does not have a professional (or even semi-professional) women's football league; the members of the Argentina women's national football team are all amateur players despite their clubs often being affiliated with prominent men's professional clubs. Although the two teams usually have to battle for the top qualification spots for CONMEBOL when the World Cup qualification comes around, this rivalry does not provide the passion that men's matches encounter yet.

title: Japan women's national football team

text: In 1986, Ryohei Suzuki was selected as the coach of the Japan women's national football team, the first "All Japan" team. In 1989, the "Japan Women's Football League" (abbreviated to "L. League") was established, and the women’s national team qualified for the "1991 FIFA Women's World Cup" in China.

title: Japan national under-23 football team

text: The Japan national under-23 football team is a national association football youth team of Japan and is controlled by the Japan Football Association. The team won the gold medal at the 2010 Asian Games and were champions in the 2016 AFC U-23 Championship.

title: List of Japanese collegiate American football programs

text: This is a list of the schools in Japan that have varsity football teams and are overseen by the Japan American Football Association.

title: 1998 Japan Football League

text: The 1998 season was the seventh and the last of the former Japan Football League. It was contested by 16 teams, and Tokyo Gas won the championship. After the season, nine teams together with J. League Promotion and Relegation series' losers Consadole Sapporo formed the second division of J. League. Other seven clubs together with Regional Leagues promotion series winners Yokogawa Electric and newly created Yokohama FC have formed the new Japan Football League.

title: Japan women's national football team

text: The Japan women's national football team, or Nadeshiko Japan (なでしこジャパン), represents Japan in association football and is run by the Japan Football Association (JFA). It is the most successful women's national team from the Asian Football Confederation. Its highest ranking in the FIFA Women's World Rankings is 3rd (December 2011).

title: Fukuoka Yahuoku! Dome

text: In the TV series "Extreme Engineering", Danny Forster makes a reference to the Fukuoka Dome, saying it was said to have a "floating" field. (An indoor baseball stadium in Japan which actually has a floating field is Sapporo Dome, which also hosts football games for Consadole Sapporo, a J. League club. However, this stadium does not have such a field.) In 2009, the older AstroTurf field was replaced with the now more common FieldTurf brand surface to reduce injuries; the Hawks players had seen far more injuries than any other team in Japan.

title: Japan national under-17 football team

text: The Japan national under-17 football team is a national association football youth team of Japan and is controlled by the Japan Football Association. The team were champions in the 1994 and 2006 AFC U-17 Championships, as well as the 2012 AFF U-16 Youth Championship.Squad selected for WAFF U16 Boys Championship

title: Japan national football team

text: The Japan national football team(サッカー日本代表,Sakkā Nippon Daihyō) represents Japan in association football and is operated by the Japan Football Association (JFA), the governing body for football in Japan. The current head coach is former footballer and current coach of the Japan national under-23 football team: Hajime Moriyasu.

text: Japan Cerebral Palsy Football Association is in charge of managing the national team. While Japan was active in participating in the IFCPF World Championships by 2016, the country did not have a national championships to support national team player development.

text: Japan national cerebral palsy football team is the national cerebral football team for Japan that represents the team in international competitions. The team has been active in recent years, and was ranked 16th in the world in 2016. At the 2015 IFCPF World Championships, they finished fifteenth. At the 2014 Asian Para Games, they finished second. Japan has never competed at the Paralympic Games.

title: Japan national under-20 football team

text: The Japan national under-20 football team is a national association football team of Japan and is controlled by the Japan Football Association..AFC U-19 Championship

title: Japan national Australian rules football team

text: The Japanese national Australian rules football team represent Japan in Australian rules football. The team represents the best Japanese-born players and is selected by AFL Japan from domestic competitions which have been running since 1987.

title: Australia–Japan football rivalry

text: The Australia–Japan football rivalry is a sports rivalry that exists between the national association football teams of each country, regarded as one of Asia's biggest football rivalries. The rivalry is a relatively recent one, born from a number of highly competitive matches between the two teams since Australia joined the Asian Football Confederation in 2006. The two teams have played each other in several significant matches, including a World Cup group stage match and the 2011 Asian Cup Final.

title: England women's national football team

text: England do not participate in the Women's Olympic Football Tournament, as the country does not have its own National Olympic Committee (NOC). Members of its team have played for the Great Britain women's Olympic football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Since England falls under the jurisdiction of the British Olympic Association, remit for an Olympic football team requires support from all four Home Nation associations. The Scottish Football Association (SFA), the Football Association of Wales (FAW) and the Irish Football Association (IFA) have all previously objected to the premise over fears that the team would erode the independence of their individual football associations.

title: Japan national rugby league team

text: The Japan national rugby league team, nicknamed the Samurais, represents Japan in rugby league football. Japan have played some international competition since 1994. A regular domestic amateur competition has not been held in Japan for several years (the first domestic competition kicked off in 1998).

title: Australian rules football in Asia

text: Australian rules football in Japan is coordinated by the AFL Japan, with a national league based mainly in Tokyo (affiliated with the Australian Football League) but with clubs in Osaka, Nagoya and Hiroshima. Development teams from the AFL Japan regularly tour to Australia and have competed at all Australian Football International Cups to date.

title: Japan national American football team

text: The Japan national American football team represents Japan in international American football competitions. The team is controlled by the Japan American Football Association, and has been one of the world's strongest international teams since it began participating regularly in international tournaments in the 1990s, and currently possesses the second most American Football World Cups (1999, 2003).

title: List of Japan international footballers

text: This is a list of Japan international footballers – Japanese association football players who have played for the Japan national football team as recorded by the Japan Football Association.

title: Obic Seagulls

text: The Obic Seagulls are an American football team located in the Narashino, Chiba, Japan. They are a member of the X-League. The Obic Seagulls have won over 15 championships during their team history (7 Rice Bowl championships and 8 Japan X Bowl championships) the most of any American football team in Japan.Former Import players

title: College football

text: Canadian football, which parallels American football, is played by university teams in Canada under the auspices of U Sports. (Unlike in the United States, no junior colleges play football in Canada, and the sanctioning body for junior college athletics in Canada, CCAA, does not sanction the sport.) However, amateur football outside of colleges is played in Canada, such as in the Canadian Junior Football League. Organized competition in American football also exists at the collegiate level in Mexico (ONEFA), the UK (British Universities American Football League), Japan (Japan American Football Association, Koshien Bowl), and South Korea (Korea American Football Association).

text: The Japan women's national under-17 football team is a national association football youth team of Japan and is controlled by the Japan Football Association.

title: List of Japan women's international footballers

text: This is a list of Japan women's international footballers – Japanese association football players who have played for the Japan women's national football team as recorded by the Japan Football Association.

title: Harimau Muda (football team)

text: Youth and Sports Minister Khairy Jamaluddin, former FAM’s Deputy President has stated that the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) must disband the Harimau Muda system, stating the Harimau Muda system is no longer relevant, it was not planned for the long term, and the state football associations should take the responsibility to groom potential players. However, he does not know that Japan use the same method of Harimau Muda concept. Japan U22 also participate in a league which is J3 in their local scene. The difference is the Japanese did not have fixed players. They have 200 players registered and can be called up any time to duel in J3 matches. By doing so, the competition for U22 places is more fiery and open.


query: What was the first band Neil Sedaka was in?

title: Neil Sedaka

text: After graduating from Abraham Lincoln High School, Sedaka and some of his classmates formed a band called the Linc-Tones. The band had minor regional hits with songs like "While I Dream", "I Love My Baby", "Come Back, Joe", and "Don't Go", before Sedaka launched his solo career and left the group in 1957. The Linc-Tones, later renamed the Tokens after Sedaka's departure, would go on to have four top-40 hits of their own without Sedaka. Sedaka's first three solo singles, "Laura Lee", "Ring-a-Rockin'", and "Oh, Delilah!" failed to become hits (although "Ring-a-Rockin'" earned him the first of many appearances on Dick Clark's American Bandstand), but they demonstrated his ability to perform as a solo singer, so RCA Victor signed him to a recording contract.

title: Neil Sedaka

text: Sedaka and Greenfield also wrote some of Jimmy Clanton's hits, such as "Another Sleepless Night," "What Am I Gonna Do?" and "All the Words in the World." Sedaka himself recorded each of these three songs: "Another Sleepless Night" appears on his Rock With Sedaka debut album; "What Am I Gonna Do?" was the B-side of "Going Home to Mary Lou" and appeared on his 1961 album Neil Sedaka Sings "Little Devil" and His Other Hits; and "All the Words in the World" was recorded but was kept in the RCA Victor vaults until 1977, at the height of Sedaka's return to popularity, when it was released on the album Neil Sedaka: The '50s and '60s.

title: Neil Sedaka

text: On April 7, 2006, Sedaka was appearing at the Royal Albert Hall and filming for the above-referenced CD/DVD package, when he was interrupted mid-concert by a gentleman who walked onstage from the wings. The planned scenario was that Sedaka was to begin performing "Amarillo", and after one verse, the audience was to be surprised by the appearance of Christie for an eventual duet. But at the interruption, a seemingly annoyed Sedaka asked, "What is this?" The interloper was a representative from Guinness Records, and he was there to present Sedaka with an award from Guinness World Records: British Hit Singles and Albums for composing "(Is This the Way to) Amarillo?", the most successful UK single of the 21st century (up to that date, of course).[29][30] After the presentation, Sedaka proceeded into "Amarillo," Christie entered onstage to an eruption of cheers from the audience, and after the successful duet performance, the two men walked offstage together, triumphantly arm in arm, as the first half of Sedaka's concert came to a close.

text: Neil Sedaka: All Time Greatest Hits, Volume 2 is a compilation album containing the works of American pop singer Neil Sedaka. The songs featured are some of Sedaka's lesser-known songs from his days with RCA Victor from 1958–1966, songs that were not included on the 1988 album "Neil Sedaka: All Time Greatest Hits". The album was released in 1991 by RCA Records.

title: Solitaire (Neil Sedaka album)

text: Sedaka opted to record at Strawberry after meeting Gouldman in New York and discovering his association with Stewart, Godley and Creme. The trio had recorded the single "Umbopo", which Sedaka liked, under the band name of Doctor Father.

title: Neil Sedaka On Stage

text: Neil Sedaka On Stage is a 1974 live-in-concert album recorded by Neil Sedaka during one of his tours to Sydney, Australia at the South Sydney Junior Leagues Club . The concert itself took place in 1971, though it was not released for another three years. The album contains mostly cover versions of rock and pop standards from previous decades. It was released on the RCA International label in Australia and the United Kingdom.In Brazil, the album was released on the RCA Victor label under the title "Neil Sedaka Ao Vivo"

title: Neil Sedaka

text: While Francis was writing in her diary, Sedaka asked her if he could read what she had written. As mentioned earlier, Francis said no. This inspired Sedaka to write "The Diary", his own first hit single. Sedaka and Greenfield wrote many of Connie Francis' hits, such as "Fallin'" and the "Theme from Where the Boys Are", the film in which she starred. This hit the Top 5 on the Billboard pop singles chart and Francis had several No. 1 singles. "Where the Boys Are" eventually became her signature song.

title: Rock with Sedaka

text:
Rock with Neil Sedaka or just Neil Sedaka is the first major solo album of Neil Sedaka released in 1959 after two 1958 albums under the titles "Neil Sedaka and The Tokens" and "Neil Sedaka and The Tokens and Coins". The album was released by RCA Victor and was produced by Al Nevins.
The album contains 12 songs, all of them co-written by Sedaka and his friend Howard Greenfield. Two of the songs became successful singles for Sedaka from the album, namely "The Diary", his debut single that was a hit, reaching No. 14 on the US Billboard charts, and "I Go Ape", a single that was relatively successful in the United States reaching No. 42, but did far better in the UK Singles Chart, making it up to No. 9 and his debut single in the United Kingdom.

title: The Many Sides of Neil Sedaka

text: The Many Sides Of Neil Sedaka is a 1978 compilation album released by RCA Victor Records containing the works of pop singer Neil Sedaka. The album contains some of Sedaka's lesser-known works in the period from 1958-1965, although three of the songs on the album were charting hits at the time of their original release.

title: The Diary (song)

text: This song's writers, Sedaka and Howard Greenfield, had originally written this song for Little Anthony & The Imperials. (It had a very similar sound to that group's first hit, "Tears on My Pillow".) The pair took the song to George Goldner, The Imperials' producer, over at End Records, who, although having the group record and release the song as an End Records single, felt that it wasn't quite done the way they felt it should have been done. The Imperials' version didn't chart, so Sedaka took it and decided that he should record the song himself. "The Diary" was issued on Sedaka's 1959 first solo album "Rock with Sedaka" on RCA. It was reissued on his 1961 record "Neil Sedaka Sings Little Devil and His Other Hits", and again in 1963 on the album "Neil Sedaka Sings His Greatest Hits".

title: Stairway to Heaven (Neil Sedaka song)

text: "Stairway to Heaven" is a song written by Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield. It was released as a 45 rpm single and appeared on Sedaka's 1960 album "Neil Sedaka Sings Little Devil and His Other Hits".

title: Neil Sedaka Sings His Greatest Hits

text:
Neil Sedaka Sings His Greatest Hits is a 1963 compilation album of twelve of the most popular hits of Neil Sedaka's tenure with RCA Victor.
The album was re-released in 1975 and again in 1992.

title: Neil Sedaka's Greatest Hits (RCA International album)

text: Neil Sedaka's Greatest Hits is a compilation album containing the works of the American pop singer Neil Sedaka. It was originally released in the UK and throughout Western Europe in 1980 on the RCA International label. It was issued again on CD ten years later in 1990. The album contains songs that Neil Sedaka recorded while with RCA Records from 1959 to 1963.

title: Neil Sedaka

text: Sedaka was born in Brooklyn, New York. His father, Mac Sedaka, was a taxi driver and a Sephardi Jew of Turkish origin.[1][2] Neil's mother, Eleanor (née Appel), was an Ashkenazi Jew of Polish/Russian origin. Neil's grandparents came to the United States from Istanbul, then known as Constantinople, in 1910.[3] He grew up in Brighton Beach, on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean.[4] Sedaka is a cousin of the late singer Eydie Gormé.

title: Run Samson Run

text: "Run Samson Run" is a song written by Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield and sung by Neil Sedaka. It appears on his album "Neil Sedaka Sings Little Devil and His Other Hits". The song was included in "Neil Sedaka Sings His Greatest Hits" (1959–1963).

text: Brighton Beach Memories — Neil Sedaka Sings Yiddish is a 2003 album by Neil Sedaka for Sameach Music. Sedaka went on to perform the songs with the Klezmatics as a benefit for the Jewish Theater of New York in 2004.

title: Oh! Carol

text: "Oh! Carol" is an international hit written by Neil Sedaka in 1958. The song was co-written with Howard Greenfield. The song reached #9 in the American charts in 1959. It also earned Sedaka his first #1 ranking when it went to #1 on the Italian charts for four weeks in January 1960. After release of single, it was included in the album "Neil Sedaka Sings Little Devil and His Other Hits". The song is noted for Sedaka's spoken recitation of the verse, the second time around.

text: Stairway to Heaven: The Best of Neil Sedaka is a 2004 compilation CD album containing the works of American pop star Neil Sedaka. The songs on this album come from the period of 1959-1964, when Sedaka was affiliated with RCA Victor records. This CD was issued by BMG Special Markets.

text: Neil Sedaka Sings Little Devil and His Other Hits is a solo album by Neil Sedaka released in 1961 immediately after the cover versions of earlier hits in "Circulate".

title: Solitaire (Neil Sedaka album)

text: Sedaka recorded one more album with the band members.

title: The Many Sides of Neil Sedaka

text: In 2010, Wounded Bird Records reissued the tracks from "The Many Sides Of Neil Sedaka" in combination with the songs from the 1961 album "Neil Sedaka Sings Little Devil And His Other Hits".

title: Neil Sedaka: Now

text:
Neil Sedaka: Now is a studio album by American songwriter and pop star Neil Sedaka. It was released in 1981 on the Elektra label, and it was the last Sedaka album to be released on that label. As with other Neil Sedaka albums of that period, it was released in Europe on the Polydor label.
Elektra issued two 45 rpm singles featuring material from this album. The first one featured "My World Keeps Slipping Away" (b/w "Love Is Spreading Over The World"), which reached No. 36 on the US Adult Contemporary Chart. The second single featured "Losing You" (b/w "On The Road Again"), but did not chart. (This single also saw a European release on the Polydor label.)

title: Neil Sedaka In The Studio, 1958-1962

text: Neil Sedaka In The Studio, 1958-1962, alternatively titled Neil Sedaka: The RCA Sessions, 1958-1962, is a 2013 album containing 70 minutes' worth of outtakes from Neil Sedaka's recording sessions during the early years of his career with RCA Victor Records. It was released in Europe on the Astro Records label.

text: My Yiddishe Momme: Neil Sedaka at Chequers is a 1966 Australian compilation album containing the works of American pop singer Neil Sedaka. Eight of the songs on this album had been previously released earlier in Sedaka's career, but it included four new recordings produced in RCA's Australian studios in Sydney, Australia, following a concert Sedaka had given at Sydney's famous Chequers nightclub. It was released on RCA's Australian label.

title: Solitaire (Neil Sedaka album)

text: His work with the four British musicians proved to be a pivotal influence on their collective decision to forge a career as a band. Gouldman recalled: "It was Neil Sedaka's success that did it, I think. We'd just been accepting any job we were offered and were getting really frustrated. We knew that we were worth more than that, but it needed something to prod us into facing that. We were a bit choked to think that we'd done the whole of Neil's first album with him just for flat session fees when we could have been recording our own material."

title: The Tokens

text: On October 19, 2009, Phil and Mitch Margo filed suit in Manhattan for the rights to the "Tokens" name. They claim in their filing that Henry Medress suggested the name. In a competing suit filed in California by Siegel, he claims Siegel, Medress and Sedaka released an album named "Neil Sedaka and the Tokens" previously. On Sedaka's own website, there is a listing in his discography catalog for a 1958 release of "Neil Sedaka and the Tokens" as well as a second album, also during 1958, named "Neil Sedaka and the Tokens and Coins"."As well as being performing and recording artists The Tokens were also record producers. Here are some of the records they produced:"

title: Neil Sedaka: Italiano

text: Neil Sedaka: Italiano is a 1964 compilation album containing twelve of Neil Sedaka's Italian-language recordings. It was released in Italy by RCA Victor's Italiana studios. Of the twelve songs on the album, six were recorded by Sedaka in English. A seventh song on the album, "A 16 Anni Tu Vuoi Amare", is an Italian-language version of Andrea Carroll's 1963 hit, "It Hurts To Be Sixteen".

title: Neil Sedaka: 14 Knockouts

text: Neil Sedaka: 14 Knockouts is a West German-produced compilation album containing the works of American pop star Neil Sedaka. It was released in 1977 on the RCA International label.

title: Neil Sedaka: Italiano Volume 2

text: Neil Sedaka: Italiano Volume 2 is a 1965 compilation containing a second set of Italian-language recordings by the American pop star Neil Sedaka. It was released on RCA Victor's Italiana label in Italy.

title: Neil Sedaka

text: In early 2011, Sedaka recorded two duets ("Brighton" and "The Immigrant") with singer Jim Van Slyke for Van Slyke's Neil Sedaka tribute album, The Sedaka Sessions. LML Records released this album in August 2011.[34]


query: What was the largest dinosaur?

title: Dinosaur size

text: The sauropods were the largest and heaviest dinosaurs. For much of the dinosaur era, the smallest sauropods were larger than anything else in their habitat, and the largest were an order of magnitude more massive than anything else that has since walked the Earth. Giant prehistoric mammals such as Paraceratherium and Palaeoloxodon (the largest land mammals ever[8]) were dwarfed by the giant sauropods, and only modern whales surpass them in size.[9] There are several proposed advantages for the large size of sauropods, including protection from predation, reduction of energy use, and longevity, but it may be that the most important advantage was dietary. Large animals are more efficient at digestion than small animals, because food spends more time in their digestive systems. This also permits them to subsist on food with lower nutritive value than smaller animals. Sauropod remains are mostly found in rock formations interpreted as dry or seasonally dry, and the ability to eat large quantities of low-nutrient browse would have been advantageous in such environments.[10]

title: Planet Dinosaur

text:
Tom Sutcliffe of "The Independent" found "Planet Dinosaur" to be visually "polished and jazzed up" but that the "knowledge and science generally take second place to B-movie spectacle".
Brian Switek from the Smithsonian Science blog "Dinosaur Tracking" commented, "What sets "Planet Dinosaur" apart, and what I enjoyed most, is the fact that a modicum of science is woven into each episode to back up the different vignettes being presented." He also added "...[while] "Planet Dinosaur" is not that perfect dinosaur documentary that we have all been hoping for, it is still far better than just about anything that I have seen lately."

title: Dinosaurs Alive! (attraction)

text: Dinosaurs Alive! is an animatronic dinosaur themed area located at several Cedar Fair parks. Kings Island was the first park to open the attraction in 2011, while the other parks opened their attraction in 2012 or 2013. The version of this attraction at Kings Island is the world's largest animatronic dinosaur park. A $5–6.00 fee is charged to enter the attraction. At Kings Island, Worlds of Fun, Carowinds and Kings Dominion, admission is free with a Gold or Platinum Pass. Each park also features "Dinostore", a gift shop filled with dinosaur toys and souvenirs.

title: Maraapunisaurus

text: Maraapunisaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of western North America. It it is known only from what has sometimes been estimated to be the largest dinosaur specimen ever discovered, originally named "Amphicoelias fragillimus". Based on surviving descriptions of a single fossil bone, scientists have produced numerous size estimates over the years; the largest estimate "M. fragillimus" to have been the longest known animal at in length and with a mass of . However, because the only fossil remains were lost at some point after being studied and described in the 1870s, evidence survived only in drawings and field notes.

title: Dinosaur World (Arkansas)

text: Dinosaur World, earlier known as John Agar's Land of Kong and " Farwell's Dinosaur Park", was a tourist attraction in Beaver, Arkansas. It was a theme park covering , which contained a hundred life-size sculptures of dinosaurs, cavemen, and other prehistoric creatures as well as the world's largest Noah's Ark Mural painted by local artist Will Johnson. The park closed in 2005. It was the largest dinosaur park in the world.

title: Lanzhousaurus

text:
Lanzhousaurus is a genus of dinosaur. "Lanzhousaurus" lived in the Gansu region of what is now China during the Early Cretaceous (Barremian). A partial skeleton has been recovered. It was described by You, Ji and Li in 2005 and the type and only species is Lanzhousaurus magnidens.
The genus has been described as having "astonishingly huge teeth", among the largest for any herbivorous creature ever, which indicate it was a styracosternan iguanodont. The mandible, longer than one meter, suggests a very large size for the animal. Tooth enamel of this dinosaur was growing very rapidly.

title: Shanshan County

text:
The local geology and the desert climate made it possible to discover a number of important fossil sites in the area, including China's largest cluster of fossilized dinosaur tracks and China's largest dinosaur.
Important dinosaur sites are associated with the Lianmuqin Formation (named after Lianmuqin Town) and the Subashi Formation (named after Subashi Village () in Tuyugou Township (). The Shanshanosaurus is named after Shanshan.

title: Dinosaur egg

text: Paleontologists' knowledge of the structure of dinosaur eggs is limited to the hard shell. However, it can be inferred that dinosaur eggs had an amnion, chorion, and an allantois, the three major membranes in modern bird and reptile eggs. Dinosaur eggs vary greatly in size and shape, but even the largest dinosaur eggs ("Megaloolithus") are smaller than the largest known bird eggs, which were laid by the extinct elephant bird. Dinosaur eggs range in shape from spherical to highly elongated (some specimens three times longer than they are wide). Some elongated eggs are symmetrical, whereas others have one rounded end and one pointed end (similar to bird eggs). Most elongated eggs were laid by theropods and have an avian-like eggshell, whereas the spherical eggs typically represent non-theropod dinosaurs.

title: Carnegie Museum of Natural History

text: The museum gained prominence in 1899 when its scientists unearthed the fossils of "Diplodocus carnegii". Today its dinosaur collection includes the world's largest collection of Jurassic dinosaurs and its "Dinosaurs in Their Time" exhibition offers the third largest collection of mounted, displayed dinosaurs in the United States (behind the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History and the American Museum of Natural History). Notable specimens include one of the world's only fossils of a juvenile "Apatosaurus", the world's first specimen of a "Tyrannosaurus rex", and a recently identified species of oviraptorosaur named "Anzu wyliei".

title: Dinosaur

text: While dinosaurs were ancestrally bipedal, many extinct groups included quadrupedal species, and some were able to shift between these stances. Elaborate display structures such as horns or crests are common to all dinosaur groups, and some extinct groups developed skeletal modifications such as bony armor and spines. While the dinosaurs' modern-day surviving avian lineage (birds) are generally small due to the constraints of flight, many prehistoric dinosaurs (non-avian and avian) were large-bodied—the largest sauropod dinosaurs are estimated to have reached lengths of and heights of and were the largest land animals of all time. Still, the idea that non-avian dinosaurs were uniformly gigantic is a misconception based in part on preservation bias, as large, sturdy bones are more likely to last until they are fossilized. Many dinosaurs were quite small: "Xixianykus", for example, was only about long.

title: Eromanga, Queensland

text: The town lies on the edge of what is called the Eromanga Inland Sea, which existed in the Early Cretaceous. The Eromanga region has abundant oil wells and opal mines. There are also agricultural industries such as cattle and sheep as many pioneering property owners came and took up land in the 1860s. Dinosaur fossils, including Australia's largest dinosaur a titanosaur species of sauropod, have also been found here making it an area of interest for palaeontologists. It is located on what was Ngandangara territory.

title: World's Largest Dinosaur

text: Some facts about the World's largest dinosaur from the fact sheet available at the Drumheller Information Center:

title: Zigong Dinosaur Museum

text: The Zigong Dinosaur Museum () is located near the city of Zigong, Sichuan, China, in the township of Dashanpu. The museum sits on top of a large concentration of a diverse dinosaur assemblage from the Dashanpu Formation. The museum claims the largest number of dinosaur fossils in the world and covers 25,000 square meters with a display area of 3,600 square meters. It attracts up to seven million visitors a year.

title: Jurassic Museum of Asturias

text: The largest of the finds from the Coast of Dinosaurs are: the footprint of a theropod dinosaur of length, the smallest ichnites of sauropod dinosaurs of about length. Collections in the museum from the coastal finds also include 255 specimens of dinosaur ichnites. Martin Lockley, Palaeontologist of the University of Colorado Denver states that “the collection of ichnites of the MUJA represents one of the most complete worldwide”.

title: Two Medicine Dinosaur Center

text:
The Two Medicine Dinosaur Center is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and educational institute located in Bynum, Montana that opened in 1995. It is part of the Montana Dinosaur Trail and home to a skeletal model of what is believed to be the world's largest dinosaur, a seismosaurus.
The center also houses the first baby dinosaur bones collected in North America - the original discovery reported by paleontologist John R. Horner.

title: List of dinosaur parks

text:
A dinosaur park usually refers to a theme park in which several life-size sculptures or models of prehistoric animals, especially dinosaurs are displayed. The first dinosaur park worldwide was Crystal Palace Dinosaurs, which opened in London in 1854. From 1977–1991 the largest dinosaur park in Europe was the Traumlandpark in Bottrop-Kirchhellen. The two biggest dinosaur theme parks in Germany today are the Dinosaur Park at Münchehagen (Dinopark) and the Dinosaur Park at Kleinwelka with its neighbouring dinosaur garden of Großwelka. In addition there are also individual models in the open air as well as various dinosaur museums. Other dinosaur parks are listed below:
Lebanon
Roadside Dinosaurs (http://www.roadarch.com/dinos/main.html)

title: Antorbital fenestra

text: In theropod dinosaurs, the antorbital fenestra is the largest opening in the skull. Systematically, the presence of the antorbital fenestra is considered a synapomorphy that unites tetanuran theropods as a clade. In contrast, most ornithischian dinosaurs reduce and even close their antorbital fenestrae such as in hadrosaurs and the dinosaur genus "Protoceratops". This closure distinguishes "Protoceratops" from other ceratopsian dinosaurs.

title: Kings Island timeline

text: 2011 – Dinosaurs Alive!, the world's largest animatronic dinosaur park, opens. Trick-or-Treat with the Dinosaurs was introduced. New water park expansion and name was announced. Fast Lane was also introduced.

title: Werner Janensch

text: In addition to Friedrich von Huene, Janensch was probably Germany's most important dinosaur specialist from the early and middle twentieth century. His most famous and significant contributions stemmed from the expedition undertaken to the Tendaguru Beds in what is now Tanzania. As leader of an expedition (together with Edwin Hennig) set up by the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, where he worked as a curator, Janensch helped uncover an enormous quantity of fossils of late Jurassic period dinosaurs, including several complete "Brachiosaurus" skeletons, then the largest animal ever known. During his long subsequent career (he worked in Berlin from 1914 to 1961), Janensch named several new dinosaur taxa including "Dicraeosaurus" (1914) and "Elaphrosaurus" (1920). Janensch's "Brachiosaurus" were later determined to belong to a distinct, related genus, "Giraffatitan".

title: Yutyrannus

text: Yutyrannus (meaning "feathered tyrant") is a genus of tyrannosauroid dinosaurs which contains a single known species, Yutyrannus huali. This species lived during the early Cretaceous period in what is now northeastern China. Three fossils of "Yutyrannus huali"—all found in the rock beds of Liaoning Province—are currently the largest-known dinosaur specimens that preserve direct evidence of feathers.

title: Cultural depictions of dinosaurs

text: The appeal of dinosaurs, as suggested by author, researcher, and dinosaur enthusiast Donald F. Glut, has multiple factors. Dinosaurs were "monsters," yet are safely extinct, allowing for vicarious thrills. They appeal to the imagination, and there are many ways to approach them intellectually. Finally, they appeal to adults nostalgic for what they enjoyed as children. Children have been particularly drawn to dinosaurs over the years.

title: The Good Dinosaur

text: The filmmakers wanted to explore what dinosaurs represent today, and how they are represented in stereotypes. Peterson stated: "It's time to do a movie where you get to know the dinosaur, what it's really like to be a dinosaur and to be with a dinosaur." Peterson said the inspiration for the project came from a childhood visit to the 1964 New York World's Fair where he was impressed by some dinosaur Audio-Animatronics.

title: Alamosaurus

text: Alamosaurus (; meaning "Ojo Alamo lizard") is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurs, containing a single known species, Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, from the late Cretaceous Period of what is now southern North America. Isolated vertebrae and limb bones indicate that it reached sizes comparable to "Argentinosaurus" and "Puertasaurus", which would make it the largest dinosaur known from North America. Its fossils have been recovered from a variety of rock formations spanning the Maastrichtian age of the late Cretaceous period. Specimens of a juvenile "Alamosaurus sanjuanensis" have been recovered from only a few meters below the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in Texas, making it among the last surviving non-avian dinosaur species.

title: Dinosaur

text: The largest carnivorous dinosaur was "Spinosaurus", reaching a length of , and weighing 7–20.9 tonnes (7.7–23 short tons). Other large carnivorous theropods included "Giganotosaurus", "Carcharodontosaurus" and "Tyrannosaurus". "Therizinosaurus" and "Deinocheirus" were among the tallest of the theropods. The largest Ornithischian dinosaur was probably the hadrosaurid "Shantungosaurus" which measured and weighed about .

title: Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park

text: The Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park in Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat, India,is a park which houses the fossilized remains and the petrified eggs of the dinosaurs. It is technically a man made fossil park and not the actual nesting grounds where the dinosaurs lived. The eggs and fossils on display here are actually from the world's 3rd largest dinosaur fossil excavation site and 2nd largest hatchery located at Raiyoli, Balasinor, Gujarat. The Park was set up by the Geological Survey of India and is the only dinosaur museum in the country.

title: World's Largest Dinosaur

text: The "World's Largest Dinosaur" is the name of a model "Tyrannosaurus rex" located in the town of Drumheller in the Canadian province of Alberta. Built of fiberglass and steel, has a height of and a length of , considerably larger than the largest known specimens of the actual dinosaur which reached up to in length, and was up to tall at the hips. The dinosaur was built while former mayor Phil Bryant was in his term.

title: Clarens, Free State

text: The team discovered the remains of the largest dinosaur to walk in the southern parts of Africa , namely a 190-million-year-old fossilised egg of a Massospondylus dinosaur. This dinosaur lived in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, a period from about 230-million years ago to about 185-million years ago. The Massospondylus wandered about in great herds, migrating back and forth between what would millions of years later become Southern Africa and Russia, when the southern super-continent, Gondwana, was still intact. The rocks that were laid down during this period are called the Stormberg Group of rocks, and it is in rocks of the Stormberg Group that the fossils of Massospondylus and other dinosaurs were found. Massospondylus dinosaurs hatched from eggs not much larger than a hen’s egg, but grew into big creatures 5 to 6 metres long. They had large bodies, long necks and small heads, and long tails.

title: James Price Point

text: A 2016 study of the footprints by the University of Queensland confirmed they are the largest collection of dinosaur footprints in the world and contain the world's largest single print. Indications of 21 separate dinosaur species from the Cretaceous period have been identified.

title: Naturmuseum Senckenberg

text: The Naturmuseum Senckenberg is a museum of natural history, located in Frankfurt am Main, It is the second largest of its type in Germany. The Senckenberg Museum is particularly popular with children, who enjoy the extensive collection of dinosaur fossils: Senckenberg boasts the largest exhibition of large dinosaurs in Europe. One notable exhibit is a dinosaur fossil with unique, preserved scaled skin. The museum contains a large and diverse collection of birds with 90,000 bird skins 5,050 egg sets 17,000 skeletons and 3,375 spirit specimens. In 2010, almost 517,000 people visited the museum.

title: Sauroposeidon

text: The press release in 1999 immediately garnered international media attention, which led to many (inaccurate) news reports of "the largest dinosaur ever!". While "Sauroposeidon" likely represents the tallest known dinosaur taxon, it does not hold records for either the longest or most massive. "Patagotitan" or "Argentinosaurus" make better candidates for the title "World's Largest Dinosaur" (presuming to ignore, as is conventional, "Amphicoelias"), though incomplete fossil evidence makes exact rankings impossible.

title: Antarctosaurus

text: Antarctosaurus (; meaning "southern lizard") is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now South America. The type species, "Antarctosaurus wichmannianus", was described by prolific German paleontologist Friedrich von Huene in 1929, who also described a second species in 1929. Three additional species of "Antarctosaurus" have been named since then but later studies have indicated that none of these pertain to "Antarctosaurus. Antarctosaurus giganteus," the second species, is also considered dubious but it's remains represent one of the largest dinosaurs known.