query: When did the musical Cats premier?

title: Cats (musical)

text: Directed by Trevor Nunn and choreographed by Gillian Lynne, Cats first opened in the West End in 1981 and then with the same creative team on Broadway in 1982. It won numerous awards, including Best Musical at both the Laurence Olivier Awards and the Tony Awards. The London production ran for 21 years and the Broadway production ran for 18 years, both setting new records. Actresses Elaine Paige and Betty Buckley became particularly associated with the musical. One actress, Marlene Danielle, performed in the Broadway production for its entire run (from 1982 until 2000).[1]

title: Si j'avais au moins...

text: According to Lionel Steketee, "Mylène [was] very professional, thorough, discreet and almost shy" when she participated in the shooting of the video. He said she had to be careful not to get scratched by the cat, and that the final scene was difficult to film because the cats were afraid of the water used in this scene, the rats remained hidden in a corner and the birds did not fly much. Given that the song deals with the pain caused by the absence of a dead person, the video is unrelated to the lyrics, as noted by author Alice Novak. In reviews, Yahoo! Music said that, through the video, "[Farmer] invites us into her dark and magical universe", and "Premiere" deemed it "mysterious, provocative". Considering it a short film, Cachin praised the music video as being "perfectly done".

title: Supreme Cat Show

text: Cats which are already Grand Champions do not compete in these classes but in special classes for Grand Champions, Imperial Grand Champions, UK Grand Champions and UK & Imperial Grand Champions only, the winner being eligible for a UK Grand Challenge Certificate. Grand Premiers, Imperial Grand Premiers, UK Grand Premiers and UK & Imperial Grand Premiers compete for a UK Grand Premier Certificate. In these classes several breeds may compete together. UK Grand Certificates are only awarded at the Supreme Show; two such Certificates from different judges give the cat the title of UK Grand Champion/Premier or UK & Imperial Grand Champion/Premier if it has additionally gained that title. There is no Reserve UK Grand Challenge/Premier Certificate.

title: Piganino

text: In German, "Schweineorgel" has also been used as a nickname for the accordion or harmonium, as those instruments were deemed rural and not appropriate for music on academic level. Athanasius Kircher's Katzenklavier uses a similar concept with cats. This sort of caricature was often used when new music styles came around or were adopted in musical realms that had not dealt with them previously. The cat organ, a similar instrument using cats, is used in stories which criticize the cruelty of royalty.

title: Overdrive (Shonen Knife album)

text: Other lyrical themes include on the album include tennis in "Jet Shot", and cats in "Like a Cat". Regarding the former, Yamano expressed in an interview that she had always wanted to sing about tennis, but felt that the topic did not fit well with the style of the band's music. She revisited this opinion after watching a tennis match on television in which the announcer referred to a move made by Kei Nishikori as a "great jet shot". Yamano was struck by the phrase, and used it as inspiration for a song about wanting to be a more aggressive tennis player. "Like a Cat" joins the long canon of Shonen Knife songs about cats. Yamano explained, "I just like cats. Dogs are sometimes too earnest, but cats are so free." The band released a music video for the song, featuring cat videos submitted by their fans the world over. For the non-Japan releases of the album, all songs were recorded with English lyrics. However, for the domestic release of the album, "Dance to the Rock", "Shopping", and "Like a Cat" were recorded with Japanese lyrics.

title: Cat Simmons

text: Cat Simmons returned to the Young Vic in summer 2009 to appear in Ché Walker's and Arthur Darvil's musical premiere of Been So Long with nu-classic soul singer Omar Lye-Fook. The production then toured to Edinburgh Fringe Festival to showcase at the Traverse Theatre.

title: The Cat in the Hat

text: "The Cat in the Hat" has been adapted for various media, including theater, television, and film. The animated musical TV special premiered in 1971 and starred Allan Sherman as the Cat. In 2003, a live-action film adaptation was released, starring Mike Myers as the Cat. Boxoffice.com reports that the film grossed $133,960,541 worldwide on an estimated $109 million budget. In 2012, following the financial success of "The Lorax", the animated film adaptation of the Dr. Seuss book of the same name, Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment announced plans to produce a CGI adaptation of "The Cat in the Hat". Rob Lieber was set to write the script, with Chris Meledandri as producer, and Audrey Geisel as the executive producer. However, the project never came to fruition. On January 24, 2018, it was announced that Warner Animation Group was in development of a different animated "Cat in the Hat" film as part of a creative partnership with Seuss Enterprises.

title: Whittington (opera)

text: Whittington is an opera (described in the premiere programme as 'A New Grand Opera Bouffe Feerie, in Four Acts and Nine Tableaux) with music by Jacques Offenbach, based on the legend of "Dick Whittington and His Cat". It was premiered in a spectacular production at the Alhambra Theatre, London, on 26 December 1874. "Whittington" is the only major work of Offenbach to have received its premiere in London, and came between the incidental music for "La Haine" and his third version of "Geneviève de Brabant".

title: Tsez language

text: The hare couldn't see; at night the hare couldn't see. When the hare arrived there, the cat began to move. When he heard the movement, the hare ran back without taking any water. The pig asked: "Why did you run away without bringing water?" The hare said that there was some man there. Again the fox and the hare went to the water. When they came to the spring, they asked the cat: "What are you?" — "I am a man", said the cat. "What is that on your shoulder?", asks the fox. "A rifle", says the cat. The fox and the hare were very frightened, but since they knew it was a cat, afterwards the three of them went together to cook meat. The pig hid behind a bunch of trees and, pushing out its ears, slept, and the cat was warming itself by the fire.

title: Cat Stevens

text: Islam has credited his then 21-year-old son Muhammad Islam, also a musician and artist, for his return to secular music, when the son brought a guitar back into the house, which Islam began playing. Muhammad's professional name is Yoriyos and his debut album was released in February 2007. Yoriyos created the art on Islam's album "An Other Cup", something that Cat Stevens did for his own albums in the 1970s.

title: The Opry House

text: The sound for the short was recorded in February 1929 in New York by Walt Disney and Carl Stalling, who recorded the scores for the early Disney shorts including Steamboat Willie. Because there is no dialogue the music aids in telling the story. The music not only matches the actions being animated but the two are deeply connected. In one sequence a drummer pulls the tails of three different cats; those cat's meows become notes in the music sequence. Notable dialogue did not come until 1934, when Walt Disney voiced Mickey Mouse using a falsetto. Therefore, the comedy of the short comes in large parts to the use of music.

title: Cat senses

text: Although it was long generally thought that cats were unresponsive to music, recent studies have shown that they do in fact respond to music which has been created with species-specific frequencies. Results suggested that cats do benefit from music therapy when the sounds have been composed to target their auditory senses. Other findings include age-related sensitivity (older and younger cats were more responsive than middle aged cats).

title: Rum Tum Tugger

text: Rum Tum Tugger is one of the many feline characters in the poetry book "Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats" by T. S. Eliot, published in 1939, and in the musical "Cats", which premiered in 1981 and is based on Eliot's book.

title: School of Rock (musical)

text: On 18 December 2014, an official announcement was made of the musical, with a world premiere on Broadway to be in autumn 2015. This would be the first time since 1971 and "Jesus Christ Superstar" that a Lloyd Webber musical would premiere on Broadway rather than in the West End. It would also mark a return for the composer to the Winter Garden Theatre, where his "Cats" ran for 18 years.

title: Think Like a Cat

text: Tryouts for the show were held on June 21, 2008. Potential contestants auditioned in front of a panel of three judges, which included Vincent Pastore and Lee Meriwether. Those who passed the auditions were flown to Hollywood to compete with their cats as contestants. The program, which was hosted by Chuck Woolery, executive produced by David Doyle, and sponsored by Meow Mix, premiered as a one-time special on November 15, 2008. Reruns of the program aired four times throughout the rest of the month. Woolery expressed excitement at the prospects of the special, stating that the show "was designed to prove or disprove" that owners know everything they think they know about cats. Steve Ochi, a writer for the show, called the project a "success", though a minor incident did occur when a camera-shy cat forced the producers to use a stuffed cat for some shots. No new episodes have been produced since the original special.

title: Cat organ

text: A cat organ or cat piano ( or "Katzenklavier", or "piano à chats/piano chats") is a hypothetical musical instrument which consists of a line of cats fixed in place with their tails stretched out underneath a keyboard so that they cry out when a key is pressed. The cats would be arranged according to the natural tone of their voices.

title: Cats (musical)

text: Composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, the production of Cats is based on T. S. Eliot's Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats (1939), which the composer recalled as having been a childhood favorite. The songs of the musical comprise Eliot's verse set to music by the composer, the principal exception being the most famous song from the musical, "Memory", for which the lyrics were written by Trevor Nunn after an Eliot poem entitled "Rhapsody on a Windy Night". Also, a brief song entitled "The Moments of Happiness" was taken from a passage in Eliot's Four Quartets. Lloyd Webber began composing the songs in late 1977 and premiered the compositions at the Sydmonton Festival in 1980. The concert was attended by T .S. Eliot's wife, Valerie Eliot and she loved the songs that Lloyd Webber had composed. She gave her blessing for the songs to be adapted into a musical stage play. Rehearsals for the musical began in early 1981 at the New London Theatre. Due to the Eliot estate asserting that they write no script and only use the original poems as the text, the musical had no identified plot during the rehearsal process, causing many actors to be confused about what they were actually doing. An unusual musical in terms of its construction, the overture incorporates a fugue and there are occasions when the music accompanies spoken verse. The show is completely told through music with virtually no spoken dialogue in between the songs. Dance is also a key element in the musical especially during the 10-minute Jellicle Ball dance sequence. The set, consisting of an oversized junkyard, remains the same throughout the show without any scene changes. Lloyd Webber's eclecticism is very strong here; musical genres range from classical to pop, music hall, jazz, rock, and electro-acoustic music as well as hymn-like songs such as "The Addressing of Cats".

title: List of Neighbours characters (2015)

text: Cat is Erin Rogers's (Adrienne Pickering) daughter. She was taken into care when her mother became addicted to drugs. Erin tells Sonya Mitchell (Eve Morey) that Cat does not want to see her, and they only communicate through Facebook. Sonya's husband, Toadfish Rebecchi (Ryan Moloney), sets up a meeting between Cat and Erin, but Cat pulls out at the last minute as she is too nervous. Cat asks for another meeting and turns up early. She bonds with Toadie over BMX bikes and talks with her mother. Cat leaves abruptly when she learns that Erin came to see her cricket matches, but did not speak with her. Erin writers Cat a letter and she returns to see Erin. They bond while playing cricket and when Erin asks Cat to stay a few days, she agrees. However, when Cat turns up she learns Erin has gone. Toadie and Sonya allow Cat to spend the night with them. Cat later asks Sonya and Toadie if she can live with them, as she does not want to stay with her foster parents, who she feels do not want her as they are expecting a baby. Sonya invites Cat's foster mother, Lorraine (Michelle Celebicanin), over to talk. Lorraine convinces Cat that she is wanted and Cat decides to return home. Before she goes, Sonya and Toadie tell her she can visit anytime.

title: Cat Power

text: Marshall's first instrument was a 1950s Silvertone guitar, which she did not touch for a year after buying it, because she considered it a piece of "art in the corner." Marshall taught herself to play guitar. She began playing music in Atlanta with a collective of musicians made up of Glen Thrasher, Marc Moore, Damon Moore and Fletcher Liegerot, who would get together for jam sessions in a basement. The group were booked for a show and had to come up with a name quickly, when a man walked through the door of the pizzeria where Marshall worked, wearing a Caterpillar trucker cap that read: "Cat Diesel Power". Marshall immediately decided on Cat Power as the name of the band.

title: Theater an der Wien

text: By 1962 the theatre had a new and successful role as a venue for contemporary musical theatre. Many English-language musicals had their German premieres there. In 1992, the musical "Elisabeth" (about Franz Joseph I of Austria's wife, Elisabeth of Bavaria, also known as Sissi), premiered there and ran for six consecutive years until 1998; Elisabeth went on to become the most successful German-language musical to date, returning to the Theater an der Wien for a revival production from 2003 to 2005. The musical "Cats" directed and choreographed by Gillian Lynne played successfully for seven years.

title: Chrome Cats

text: The duo gained a majority of their following through YouTube and caught the eye of Malaysian Independent label LakeFront Records in 2010. Chrome Cats signed with LakeFront Records in October 2010. Chrome Cats signing with LakeFront made them the first US musicians ever to be signed to a Malaysian label. In 2011, the duo was featured on Music Connection as one of the top 25 artist signed that year. Chrome Cats then released an EP titled 'Rise' in January 2011 which was featured on Delta and Continental's in-flight entertainment. In August 2012, Chrome Cats were featured on the Billboard charts "Indicator Highlights" for 3 weeks straight for their single "DNA of A Winner". "DNA of A Winner" charted at number 42 on the Billboard Charts. On November 4, 2013, the duo released the video for their single "Best Life". In late January 2014, the song charted at number 36 on the Billboard Charts. On January 22, 2015, the duo premiered the music video for their single "Worth it". On August 11th, 2016, the duo released a music video for their single "We'll Be FiNE" Independently on Vevo. On September 13, 2018, the duo released their music video "Trouble" on vevo.

title: The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat

text:
The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (also known as The Grinch vs. The Cat in the Hat and The Cat in the Hat Gets Grinched in the working title) is a 1982 American animated musical television special and crossover starring the two characters created by Dr. Seuss, who also wrote and produced the special: The Cat in the Hat and The Grinch from "How the Grinch Stole Christmas!".
It premiered on May 20, 1982 on ABC and won two Emmys. It also aired on ABC Family's 25 Days of Christmas on December 2, 2011 until December 9, 2013.

title: Chess (musical)

text: Lyricist Tim Rice had long wanted to create a musical about the Cold War. During the mid-1970s, he had discussed writing a musical about the Cuban Missile Crisis with his usual collaborator, composer Andrew Lloyd Webber, but that idea never came to fruition. In the late 1970s, Rice got the idea to tell his Cold War story through the prism of the long-standing U.S.-Soviet chess rivalry; he had earlier been fascinated by the political machinations of the 1972 "Match of the Century" between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky. However, when Rice wanted to start working on the new musical in early 1979, Lloyd Webber was already well underway with his own independent musical "Cats". (Premiering two seasons later in the West End, "Cats" became one of the most successful musicals of all time and was also the first one to employ a huge engineering staff to supervise its many technical elements, a paradigm which would be adopted for "Chess" in numerous capacities during its development.)

title: Cats (musical)

text: As of 2018, Cats is the fourth-longest-running show in Broadway history, and was the longest-running Broadway show in history from 1997 until 2006 when it was surpassed by The Phantom of the Opera. Cats is the sixth-longest-running West End show. It has been performed around the world many times and has been translated into more than 20 languages. In 1998, Cats was turned into a direct-to-video film. The musical has grossed approximately $342.2 million.[2]

title: Governing Council of the Cat Fancy

text: The Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) is a cat registry, established in 1910 and the largest organisation that registers pedigree cats in the United Kingdom. It was formed from a small number of cat clubs which were registering cats at the time when the modern cat fancy was in its first stages. It is considered to be the original prototype for cat fancy registries. It is an independent body with around 150 member clubs, including specialist breed clubs and area clubs covering particular regions. The GCCF became an incorporated company on 5 November 2010. It licenses cat shows put on by its affiliated clubs with about 135 shows per year. Pedigree cats shown at these shows can gain the titles Champion, Grand Champion, Imperial Grand Champion and Olympian. The latter having three levels, Bronze, Silver and Gold. The word Champion is replaced by Premier for neutered cats. The showing of non-pedigree cats (often referred to as Domestic shorthair and Domestic longhair) and Pedigree Pets is also popular at GCCF shows.

title: Ariana Grande

text: Grande was cast in the Nickelodeon television show "Victorious" along with "13" co-star Elizabeth Gillies in 2009. In this sitcom, set in a performing arts high school, Grande played the "adorably dimwitted" Cat Valentine. She had to dye her hair red every other week for the role because the executive producer, Dan Schneider, did not want all the cast members to be brunettes, and the red hair was also a feature that the network felt would fit the personality of Cat. The show premiered in March 2010 to the second largest audience for a live-action series in Nickelodeon history with 5.7 million viewers. The role helped propel Grande to teen idol status, but she was more interested in a music career, stating that acting is "fun, but music has always been first and foremost with me." Her character was compared to "Brittany Murphy's performance as the hapless Tai in "Clueless"" (1995) and described as being "very impressionable and easily swayed" but "generally sweet". The second season premiered in April 2011 to 6.2 million viewers, becoming the highest rated episode of "Victorious". In 2010, she played the role of Miriam in the musical "Cuba Libre", written and produced by songwriter Desmond Child.

title: Cats (1998 film)

text: Cats is a 1998 direct-to-video musical film based on the stage musical "Cats" by Andrew Lloyd Webber, itself based on the novel "Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats" by T. S. Eliot. Lloyd Webber himself personally oversaw orchestration for the film and called on Gillian Lynne, the original show's choreographer, to personally train the cast for the film. Trevor Nunn, the original director, did not serve as the director of this production.

title: Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats

text: The best-known musical adaptation of the poems is Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical "Cats", which was premiered in the West End of London in 1981 and on Broadway in 1982. It became the longest-running Broadway show in history until it was overtaken by another musical by Lloyd Webber, "The Phantom of the Opera", and then by "Chicago". As well as the characters found in the book, "Cats" introduces several additional characters from Eliot's unpublished drafts, most notably Grizabella. A film adaptation of "Cats" is due for release on December 20, 2019.

title: Pizzicato Pussycat

text: Once the cat hears the music, he is astounded. When Mr. and Mrs. Jones hear the music from the other room and approach, the cat hides the mouse and the little piano inside the real piano, and pretends to play it as the Joneses look on. Surprised by what they see, Mrs. Jones immediately calls the United Press. The cat promises to spare the mouse if he can play the piano while the cat continues to pretend, hoping that his success might make him famous.

title: Lord Peter (fairy tale)

text: The cat told Peter that everything was his, now, and in return, all it asked was that Peter cut off its head. He refused, but the cat threatened to claw his eyes out if he did not. When he did, the cat became a lovely princess, who told him that the castle had belonged to her parents, and the troll had turned her into a cat. Now, she was willing to become his wife. He agreed to marry her, and the wedding was held.

title: Cats (musical)

text: Cats premiered in the West End at the New London Theatre on 11 May 1981. There was trouble initially as Judi Dench, cast in the role of Grizabella, snapped her Achilles tendon during rehearsals prior to the London opening. She was replaced by Elaine Paige. The musical was produced by Cameron Mackintosh and Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Group, directed by Trevor Nunn, with associate director and choreographer Gillian Lynne, design by John Napier, and lighting by David Hersey. The conductor was Harry Rabinowicz. It played a total of 8,949 performances in London. Its final performance in London's West End was on its 21st birthday, 11 May 2002, and broadcast on a large screen in Covent Garden to the delight of fans who could not acquire a ticket for the final performance. It held the record as London's longest-running musical until 8 October 2006, when it was surpassed by Les Misérables.


query: How large was the sinosauropteryx?

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Sinosauropteryx was a small bipedal theropod, noted for its short arms, large first finger (thumbs), and long tail. The taxon includes some of the smallest known adult non-avian theropod specimens, with the holotype specimen measuring only 68cm (27in) in length, including the tail.[1] However, this individual was relatively young.[2] The longest known specimen reaches up to 1.07m (3.5ft) in length, with an estimated weight of 0.55kg (1.2lb).[3]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Despite its feathers, most palaeontologists do not consider Sinosauropteryx to be a bird. Phylogenetically, the genus is only distantly related to the clade Aves, usually defined as Archaeopteryx lithographica plus modern birds. The scientists who described Sinosauropteryx, however, used a character-based, or apomorphic, definition of the Class Aves, in which any animal with feathers is considered to be a bird. They argued that the filamentous plumes of Sinosauropteryx represent true feathers with a rachis and barbs, and thus that Sinosauropteryx should be considered a true bird.[27] They classified the genus as belonging to a new biological order, Sinosauropterygiformes, family Sinosauropterygidae, within the subclass Sauriurae.[11] These proposals have not been accepted, and Sinosauropteryx is generally classified in the family Compsognathidae,[1][2][13] a group of small-bodied long-tailed coelurosaurian theropods known from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Asia, Europe, and South America.[28]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: The hypothesis that the structures were collagen fibers was closely analyzed and disproven by a 2017 paper published by Smithwick et al. The integument of Sinosauropteryx was closely compared to less controversial evidence of collagen fibers preserved in the ichthyosaur Stenopterygius. Although the collagen hypothesis claimed that the central shafts (rachises) of purported theropod feathers were actually misidentified examples of shaft-like collagen fibers, higher quality imagery showed that these similarities were artificial. The supposed shafts in ichthyosaur collagen were actually scratch marks, cracks, and crevasses created during preparation of one of the ichthyosaur specimens. On the other hand, the shafts in the Sinosauropteryx specimens were legitimate examples of fossilized structures. The collagen hypothesis also claims that Sinosauropteryx integument includes beaded structures similar to structures occasionally found in decaying collagen of modern sea mammals. However, this claim was also unsupported, with Smithwick et al. finding no evidence of the beaded structures which collagen hypothesis proponents identified on the specimens. The study proposes that some areas of the fossil preserved in three dimensions cast shadows which would have resembled beaded structures in low quality photographs.[26]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: While Sinosauropteryx had feather-like structures, it was not very closely related to the previous "first bird" Archaeopteryx.[1] There are many dinosaur clades that were more closely related to Archaeopteryx than Sinosauropteryx was, including the deinonychosaurians, the oviraptorosaurians, and the therizinosauroids.[6] This indicates that feathers may have been a characteristic of many theropod dinosaurs, not just the obviously bird-like ones, making it quite likely that equally distant animals such as Compsognathus had feathers as well.[6]

title: Dinosaur coloration

text: In 2010 Dr. Mike Benton from the University of Bristol analyzed the remains of "Sinosauropteryx", "Confuciusornis", "Caudipteryx", and "Sinornithosaurus" from the Yixian and also discovered melanosomes. It was determined that "Sinosauropteryx" had orange feathers and that its tail was striped. Given the feathers were brightly colored and ill-suited for flight it is hypothesized that this species used its feathers for display. A 2017 study also reported that the body coloration of "Sinosauropteryx" extended to the face, creating a raccoon-like "mask" around the eyes.

title: Juravenator

text: While first classified as a member of the Compsognathidae, subsequent studies have found problems with the initial study that produced those findings. Rather than grouping it with "Sinosauropteryx" and other compsognathids, Butler "et al." found that it was not a compsognathid, but rather a basal member of the group Maniraptora. Studies conflict on whether or not compsognathids belong to this later group or are more primitive. Additional work published by Luis Chiappe and Ursula Göhlich in 2010 found that "Juravenator" was most similar in anatomy to "Compsognathus", and that it probably did belong to the Compsognathidae if that is actually a natural group. They also suggested that "compsognathids", including "Juravenator", may form a grade of primitive coelurosaurs rather than a monophyletic clade. In 2011 Cristiano dal Sasso and Simone Maganuco published an analysis which recovered the Compsognathidae as a natural group and "Juravenator" belonging to it as a sister species of "Sinosauropteryx". However, a large analysis of coelurosaurs published in 2013 again found "Juravenator" to be a coelurosaur closely related to, but not a member of, the Compsognathidae. Instead, it was recovered as a close relative of "Ornitholestes" outside the clade Maniraptoriformes.

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: The first fossil specimen of the dinosaur later named Sinosauropteryx prima was uncovered in August 1996 by Li Yumin. Yumin was a farmer and part-time fossil hunter who often prospected around Liaoning Province to acquire fossils to sell to individuals and museums. Yumin recognized the unique quality of the specimen, which was separated into two slabs, and sold the slabs to two separate museums in China: the National Geological Museum in Beijing, and the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology. The director of the Beijing museum, Ji Qiang, recognized the importance of the find, as did visiting Canadian palaeontologist Phil Currie and artist Michael Skrepnick, who became aware of the fossil by chance as they explored the Beijing museum's collections after leading a fossil tour of the area during the first week of October, 1996. Currie recognized the significance of the fossil immediately. As The New York Times quoted him, "When I saw this slab of silt stone mixed with volcanic ash in which the creature is embedded, I was bowled over."[10] When originally described, the authors named Sinosauropteryx, meaning "Chinese Reptilian Wing.[11]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: The specimen NIGP127587 was preserved with the remains of a lizard in its gut region, indicating that small, fast-moving animals made up part of the diet of Sinosauropteryx prima. Numerous lizards of this type have been found in the same rocks as Sinosauropteryx.[1] These lizards have been interpreted as most likely belonging to the genus Dalinghosaurus. Dalinghosaurus was probably a fast-running lizard adapted to living in open habitats, much like Sinosauropteryx itself.[9]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Sinosauropteryx was the first dinosaur to have its life colouration described by scientists based on physical evidence. Some fossils of Sinosauropteryx show an alternation of lighter and darker bands preserved on the tail. Chen and colleagues initially interpreted this banding pattern as an artifact of the splitting between the main slab and counter-slab in which the original specimen was preserved.[1] However, Longrich suggested in his 2002 presentation for the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology that these specimens actually preserve remnants of the colouration pattern the animal would have exhibited in life. He argued that the dark, banded areas on the tail were too evenly spaced to have been caused by random separation of the fossil slabs, and that they represent fossilized pigments present in the feathers. Additionally, rather than an artifact of preservation or decomposition, the presence of dark feathers along only the top of the body may also reflect the colour pattern in life, indicating that Sinosauropteryx prima was countershaded with dark colouration on its back and lighter colouration on its underside, with bands or stripes on the tail for camouflage.[7]

title: Compsognathus

text: The plate of the German "Compsognathus" shows several circular irregularities in diameter near the skeletal remains. Peter Griffiths interpreted them as immature eggs in 1993. However, later researchers have doubted their connection to the genus because they were found outside the body cavity of the animal. A well-preserved fossil of a "Sinosauropteryx", a genus related to "Compsognathus", shows two oviducts bearing two unlaid eggs. These proportionally larger and less numerous eggs of "Sinosauropteryx" cast further doubt on the original identification of the purported "Compsognathus" eggs. In 1964 German geologist Karl Werner Barthel had explained the discs as gas bubbles formed in the sediment because of the putrefaction of the carcass.

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Feduccia's frill argument was followed up in several other publications, in which researchers interpreted the filamentous impressions around Sinosauropteryx fossils as remains of collagen fibres rather than primitive feathers. Since the structures are clearly external to the body, these researchers have proposed that the fibres formed a frill on the back of the animal and underside of its tail, similar to some modern aquatic lizards.[19][20][21][22] The absence of feathers would refute the proposal that Sinosauropteryx is the most basal known theropod genus with feathers, and also raise questions about the current theory of feather origins itself. It calls into question the idea that the first feathers evolved not for flight but for insulation, and that they made their first appearance in relatively basal dinosaur lineages that later evolved into modern birds.[23]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Sinosauropteryx, as a Yixian Formation dinosaur, is a member of the Jehol Biota, the assemblage of organisms found in the Yixian Formation and overlying Jiufotang Formation.[15] The Yixian Formation is composed largely of volcanic rocks such as andesite and basalt. Between the volcanic layers are several beds of sedimentary rocks representing deposition in a lake.[1] The freshwater lake strata of the Yixian Formation have preserved a wide variety of plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Gymnosperm forests were extensive, with a few early flowering plants as well. Ostracods and insects were diverse, and bivalves and gastropods were abundant. Mammals and birds are also well-known from the formation. The setting was subject to periodic mortality events including volcanic eruptions, wildfires, and noxious gases erupting from the lakes.[15] The climate has been interpreted as temperate, with distinct wet and dry seasons.[31] The yearly temperature during this time period averaged about 10°C (50°F), indicating a temperate climate with unusually cold winters for the generally warm Mesozoic era, possibly due to northern China's high latitude during this time.[32]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Three specimens have been assigned to Sinosauropteryx prima: the holotype GMV2123 (and its counter slab [opposite face], NIGP127586), NIGP127587, and D2141.[13] Another specimen, IVPPV14202, was assigned to the genus but not to the only species by Zhang and colleagues.[8] The assignment of an additional larger specimen to S. prima, GMV2124, was later found to be in error.[13][14] All of the fossils were found in the Jianshangou or Dawangzhangzi Beds of the Yixian Formation in the Beipiao and Lingyuan regions of Liaoning, China. These fossil beds have been dated to 124.6–122million years ago, during the early Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous.[15]

title: China Dinosaurs Park

text: China Dinosaurs Park (), also called China Dinosaurs Land is a theme park located in Changzhou, Jiangsu, China. It has been open since September 2000. The park covers more than 600 mu (0.27 km). As it is a theme park about dinosaurs, it is also called the "Eastern Jurassic Park". The museum contains a nearly complete fossil skeleton of the important dinosaur genus "Sinosauropteryx" (similar to "Archaeopteryx") as well as large fossils such as those of a "Brachiosaurus" and a "Hadrosaurus".

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: The possible Sinosauropteryx specimen GMV2124 (Sinosauropteryx?sp.) was found with three mammal jaws in its gut region. Hurum, Luo, and Kielan-Jaworowska (2006) identified two of these jaws as belonging to Zhangheotherium and the third to Sinobaatar, showing that these two mammals were part of the animal's diet. Zhangheotherium is known to have had a spur on the ankle, like the modern platypus, which would indicate that Sinosauropteryx fed on possibly venomous mammals.[30]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Sinosauropteryx (meaning "Chinese reptilian wing", Chinese:中华龙鸟; pinyin:Zhōnghuá lóng niǎo; literally: 'Chinese dragon bird') is a compsognathid dinosaur. Described in 1996, it was the first dinosaur taxon outside of Avialae (birds and their immediate relatives) to be found with evidence of feathers. It was covered with a coat of very simple filament-like feathers. Structures that indicate colouration have also been preserved in some of its feathers, which makes Sinosauropteryx the first non-avialian dinosaurs where colouration has been determined. The colouration includes a reddish and light banded tail. Some contention has arisen with an alternative interpretation of the filamentous impression as remains of collagen fibres, but this has not been widely accepted.

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Sinosauropteryx was a small theropod with an unusually long tail and short arms. The longest known specimen reaches up to 1.07 metres (3.51 feet) in length, with an estimated weight of 0.55 kilograms (1.21 pounds) It was a close relative of the similar but older genus Compsognathus, both genera belonging to the family Compsognathidae. Only one species of Sinosauropteryx has been named: S. prima, meaning "first" in reference to its status as the first feathered non-avialian dinosaur species discovered. Three specimens have been described. The third specimen previously assigned to this genus represents either a second, as-yet unnamed species or a distinct, related genus.

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: The same specimen of S. prima which had preserve a lizard in its stomach contents (NIGP127587) also had several small eggs in its abdomen. Two eggs were preserved just in front of and above the pubic boot, and several more may lie underneath them on the slab. It is unlikely that they were eaten by the animal, as they are in the wrong part of the body cavity for the egg shells to have remained intact. It is more likely that they are unlaid eggs produced by the animal itself, proving the specimen to be a female. Each egg measured 36mm (1.4in) long by 26mm (1.0in) wide. The presence of two developed eggs suggests that Sinosauropteryx had dual oviducts and laid eggs in pairs, like other theropods.[1]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Sinosauropteryx lived in what is now northeastern China during the early Cretaceous period. It was among the first dinosaurs discovered from the Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province, and was a member of the Jehol Biota. Well-preserved fossils of this species illustrate many aspects of its biology, such as its diet and reproduction.

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Longrich's conclusions were supported in a paper first published online in the journal Nature in January 2010. Fucheng Zhang and colleagues examined the fossilized feathers of several dinosaurs and early birds, and found evidence that they preserved melanosomes, the cells that give the feathers of modern birds their colour. Among the specimens studied was a previously undescribed specimen of Sinosauropteryx, IVPPV14202. By examining melanosome structure and distribution, Zhang and colleagues were able to confirm the presence of light and dark bands of colour in the tail feathers of Sinosauropteryx. Furthermore, the team was able to compare melanosome types to those of modern birds to determine a general range of colour. From the presence of phaeomelanosomes, spherical melanosomes that make and store red pigment, they concluded that the darker feathers of Sinosauropteryx were chestnut or reddish brown in colour.[8] More research on the coloration of Sinosauropteryx reveals that it had a raccoon-like bandit mask and countershading patterns most likely associated with an open habitat, indicating that the Jehol likely had a range of habitat types.[9]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: There is only one named species of Sinosauropteryx, S. prima. A possible second species is represented by the specimen GMV2124 (aka NGMC2124), which was described as a third, larger specimen of S. prima by Ji and Ji in 1997.[27] However, in a 2002 presentation and abstract for the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Nick Longrich showed that this specimen differs in several anatomical aspects from the others, including its relatively large size, proportionally longer shins, and shorter tail. Longrich suggested that GMV2124 was a compsognathid coelurosaurian, while Sinosauropteryx proper was a more primitive kind of coelurosaurian or even a basal carnosaurian.[7] In 2007, Gishlick and Gauthier concurred that this specimen was probably a new taxon, and tentatively re-classified it as Sinosauropteryx?sp., though they suggested it may belong in a new genus.[14] Also in 2007, Ji, Ji and colleagues wrote that GMV2124 is probably a new genus, noting the differences in tail length and hindlimb proportions.[13]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Below is a cladogram showing the placement of Sinosauropteryx within Coelurosauria by Senter et al. in 2012.[29]

title: Huaxiagnathus

text: Huaxiagnathus is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China. It was a compsognathid, large for that group at about half a meter longer than "Compsognathus" and larger specimens of "Sinosauropteryx", with the largest specimen about in length.

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Other examples of purported collagen fibers in the tail area were revealed to be scratches, similar to those on the rest of the specimen. An area of the bone with an irregular surface was considered evidence that some collagen fibers were less decayed than others. However, Smithwick et al.'s study noted that, after further preparation, this irregular surface was simply a layer of sediment with a different color than the rest of the slab. The 'frill' or 'halo' of collagen identified by Feduccia was also determined to be misidentified sediment surrounding one of the specimens. Smithwick et al.'s study concluded by stating that the integument preserved on Sinosauropteryx closely resembled that of birds preserved in the same formation. Purported features of collagen fibers were in fact misidentified shadows formed by scratches or irregular sediment, a misidentification perpetuated by the low quality of early Sinosauropteryx photographs.[26]

title: Beipiaosaurus

text: According to Zanno (2010b), "Beipiaosaurus" can be distinguished from its direct relatives based on the following characteristics, which are its unique derived traits, or autapomorphies:Soft-tissue impressions from the type specimen of "B. inexpectus" indicated that the body was covered predominately by downy feather-like fibers, similar to those of "Sinosauropteryx", but longer, and oriented perpendicular to the arm. Xu "et al.", who described the specimen, suggested that these downy feathers represent an intermediate stage between "Sinosauropteryx" and more advanced birds (Avialae). The tail was covered in feathers between four and seven centimeters long, consisting of parallel filaments with a width of 1.5 millimeters, without a trace of pennaceous feathers or a tail fan.

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Coelurosauria Tyrannosauroidea Coeluridae Coelurus Tanycolagreus Dilong Guanlong Raptorex Gorgosaurus Daspletosaurus Tyrannosaurus Compsognathidae Sinocalliopteryx Huaxiagnathus Sinosauropteryx Compsognathus Juravenator Scipionyx Maniraptoriformes

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Controversy regarding the identity of the filaments preserved in the first Sinosauropteryx specimen began almost immediately, as the team of scientists spent three days in Beijing examining the specimen under a microscope. The results of their studies (reported during a press conference at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences on Thursday, April 24, 1997) were inconclusive; the team agreed that the structures preserved on Sinosauropteryx were not modern feathers, but suggested further research was required to discover their exact nature.[16] Palaeontologist Alan Feduccia, who had not yet examined the specimen, wrote in Audubon Magazine that the structures of Sinosauropteryx (which he considered at the time to be a synonym of Compsognathus, as Compsognathus prima) were stiffening structures from a frill running along the back, and that dinosaur palaeontologists were engaging in wishful thinking when equating the structures with feathers.[17] Subsequent publications saw some of the team members disagreeing over the identity of the structures.[2][18]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: However, a 2018 study considered that the thick filaments could simply be bundles of thin filaments overlapping each other. This possibility is supported by the observation that thin filaments tend to run parallel to both each other and thick filaments, rather than branching out as earlier authors identified. Some of the thick filaments are quite long yet end in small tufts of thin filaments. Plumaceous, down-like feathering typically has an opposite appearance, with a short central quill and long tufts. In addition, the thick filaments preserve no evidence of Calcium phosphate, the mineral which modern feather quills are made of. The large amount of curvature present in the filaments also makes a strong central quill unlikely. Thus, the idea that thick filaments are simply bundles of thin filaments is less unusual than the idea that they were a variant of quilled plumaceous feathers which developed a morphology opposite that of birds and other feathered theropods. As a whole, the study preferred the hypothesis that Sinosauropteryx feathers were simple single-branch filaments, although it is conceivable that they were occasionally joined at the base into tufts as predecessors to down-like plumaceous feathers.[5]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: All described specimens of Sinosauropteryx preserve integumentary structures (filaments arising from the skin) which most palaeontologists interpret as very primitive type of feathers. These short, down-like filaments are preserved along the back half of the skull, the arms, neck, back, and top and bottom of the tail. Additional patches of feathers have been identified on the sides of the body, and palaeontologists Chen, Dong and Zheng proposed that the density of the feathers on the back and the randomness of the patches elsewhere on the body indicated the animals would have been fully feathered in life, with the ventral feathers having been removed by decomposition.[1]

title: Sinosauropteryx

text: Sinosauropteryx was anatomically similar to Compsognathus, differing from its European relatives in its proportions. The skull of Sinosauropteryx was 15% longer than its thigh bones, unlike in Compsognathus, where the skull and thigh bones are approximately equivalent in length. The arms of Sinosauropteryx (humerus and radius) were only 30% the length of its legs (thigh bone and shin), compared to 40% in Compsognathus.[1] Additionally, Sinosauropteryx had several features unique among all other theropods. It had 64 vertebrae in its tail. This high number made its tail the longest relative to body length of any theropod.[1] Its hands were long compared to its arms, about 84% to 91% of the length of the rest of the arm (humerus and radius), and half the length of the foot. The first and second digits were about the same length, with a large claw on the first digit.[2] The first fingers were large, being both longer and thicker than either of the bones of the forearm.[1] The teeth differed slightly (they were heterodont) based on position: those near the tips of the upper jaws (on the premaxillae) were slender and lacked serrations, while those behind them (on the maxillae) were serrated and laterally compressed. The teeth of the lower jaws were similarly differentiated.[2]


query: When did Kamen Rider first premier?

title: Kamen Rider

text: Produced by Toru Hirayama(平山 亨,Hirayama Tōru) and designed by Shotaro Ishinomori (creator of Cyborg 009), Kamen Rider premiered on April 3, 1971 initially intended as an adaptation of Ishinomori's Skull Man. He and Hirayama redesigned the main character to resemble a grasshopper. The hero Takeshi Hongo, played by actor and stuntman Hiroshi Fujioka, was described as a transformed human(改造人間,kaizō ningen) (cyborg). During the filming of episode 10, Fujioka was thrown from his motorcycle during a stunt and broke both legs. His character was phased out until the introduction of another transformed human, Hayato Ichimonji (played by Takeshi Sasaki) was introduced in episode 14. The return of Fujioka and his character, Hongo, in episode 53 united the two actors and Kamen Riders 1 and 2 appeared in every show of the first half of the Shōwa series. The series from April 1971 to January 1976 (Kamen Rider, V3, X, Amazon, Stronger) included a recurring mentor, Tobei Tachibana.

title: Kamen Rider Ex-Aid

text: Once being defeated for good by Emu, Kuroto is killed off by Parad who gained the ability to become Kamen Rider Para-DX as he completes Kamen Rider Chronicle with a revived Graphite and a briefly reprogramed Poppy, who becomes a Kamen Rider herself while Nico becomes a Ride-Player. Parad explains his intention to wipe out the human race with the game, revealing himself as Emu's Bugster counterpart while Poppy convinces a revived Kuroto to join the CR after reminding of his mother whom she manifested from. Not long after, a new threat to both the Riders and Bugsters appeared in the form of the powerful Kamen Rider Cronus, revealed to be Kuroto's father Masamune Dan who is both the true mastermind of the first Zero Day and the "other" patient zero. Revealing his true colors once Kamen Rider Chronicle is completed, Masamune uses the game to further his own plan, such as mass producing Kamen Rider Chronicle Gashats worldwide. Later on, Kiriya is revived as Kamen Rider Lazer Turbo. In the final story arc, the Riders learn that the only way to stop Kamen Rider Chronicle is by destroying the Bugster who serves as its final boss: Gamedeus. When the Riders developed a means to defeat Gamedeus, Cronos retaliates by absorbing the Bugster and transforms into the new final boss Kamen Rider Gamedeus Cronus.

title: Kamen Rider Ghost

text: A "Movie War" film, titled was released on December 9, 2017. Along the casts of "Kamen Rider Build" and "Kamen Rider Ex-Aid", Shu Watanabe and Ryosuke Miura ("Kamen Rider OOO"), Sota Fukushi ("Kamen Rider Fourze"), Gaku Sano ("Kamen Rider Gaim"), and Shun Nishime ("Kamen Rider Ghost") reprised their respective roles. is a V-Cinema release that focuses on a side story of Makoto Fukami as Kamen Rider Specter, it is set after the end of the series and also features flashback when Makoto first meet Alain. It features both final forms of both Specter and Necrom respectively. The V-Cinema was released on April 19, 2017. The theme song is "NEW WORLD" performed by Bentham. The film is written by Takuro Fukuda, and directed by Kazuya Kamihoriuchi.

title: List of Kamen Rider Gaim characters

text: is the lord of the who loses his Bujin, Kamen Rider Bujin Wizard to Kamen Rider Bujin Gaim. He is first mistakes Kamen Rider Gaim/Kouta as his Bujin's killer. When he realizes that Kouta is not the same Gaim that he previously encountered, Ieyasu then hires Kouta and Mitsuzane to become his new Bujins and later gives Haruto the Infinity Ring that was originally Kamen Rider Bujin Wizard's.

title: Kamen Rider: Climax

text:
Unlike "Kamen Rider: Climax Heroes" series, "Climax Fighters" is a role-playing fighting game, battling inside the 3D battle arenas, and the game's playstyle has some similarities to the gameplay system from "" series, "Gundam Vs." series, "" and "Dragon Ball Xenoverse 2".
Kamen Rider: Climax Scramble in Japan known as was released on November 29, 2018 exclusively for Nintendo Switch that features the newly introduced Riders from "Kamen Rider Zi-O", which includes its secondary Kamen Rider Geiz alongside his predecessor Kamen Rider Cross-Z from "Kamen Rider Build", including Kamen Rider BLACK's main rival/arch-enemy Shadow Moon, meaning BLACK will have a vital role in this game's storyline. Kamen Rider Core from "" will also appear as one of the bosses. This is the first "Climax" game to feature downloadable contents and the first Kamen Rider game to add upcoming Rider forms/armors to part of the upgrade moveset for regular version of the playable Rider, whereas Kamen Rider Zi-O’s Double Armor from "Heisei Generations Forever" movie was released as part of the free upgrade moveset for regular Kamen Rider Zi-O himself in December 25, 2018, while the tertiary Rider from his series, Kamen Rider Woz will be released as in January 15, 2019, making him the first and only tertiary Rider to appear in this game.

text: The first of these films is . The catchphrase for the movie is . It is described as a slasher and it focuses on Kamen Rider Zeronos, particularly his red Zero Form. The story is that of the younger Yuto Sakurai and Airi Nogami, his older self's wife, and the circumstances behind their relation. It premiered in theaters on May 22, 2010. A vinyl Deneb toy is to be released as a special gift for the film. Yuichi Nakamura reprises his role as Yuto Sakurai and Wakana Matsumoto reprises as her role as Airi Nogami in this film.

title: Kamen Rider Wizard

text: made its theater debut on March 29, 2014. Masahiro Inoue, playing "Kamen Rider Decade", alongside many other lead actors of other series appear in the film, including Gaku Sano of "Kamen Rider Gaim", Renn Kiriyama of "Kamen Rider W", Kohei Murakami and Kento Handa of "Kamen Rider 555", Shunya Shiraishi from "Kamen Rider Wizard", Ryo Hayami of "Kamen Rider X", and Hiroshi Fujioka of the original "Kamen Rider". The Sentai teams' "Ressha Sentai ToQger" and Ryo Ryusei as Daigo Kiryu from "Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger" are also in the movie. Shun Sugata playing Kamen Rider ZX from the "Birth of the 10th! Kamen Riders All Together!!" TV special returns, also performing as Ambassador Darkness. Itsuji Itao of "Kamen Rider The First" plays Ren Aoi, Kamen Rider Fifteen, a main antagonist of the film.

title: Kamen Rider

text: Kamen Rider Black premiered in 1987, the first series not hinting at a relationship to its predecessors. Black was the first show in the franchise with a direct sequel: Kamen Rider Black RX, the basis of Saban's Americanized Masked Rider. In RX's finale, the ten previous Riders returned to help Black RX defeat the Crisis Empire. Kamen Rider Black RX was the final show produced during the Shōwa era, with the franchise resuming production by the end of the 20th century. A manga of Kamen Rider Black was a novelization and reimagination of the Black-RX series' continuity. Absent from television during the 1990s, the franchise was kept alive by stage shows, musical CDs, and the Shin, ZO, and J films.

title: Kamen Rider

text: 1971: Go Go Kamen Rider (Movie version of episode 13) 1972: Kamen Rider vs. Shocker 1972: Kamen Rider vs. Hell Ambassador 1973: Kamen Rider V3 (Movie version of episode 2) 1973: Kamen Rider V3 vs. the Destron Monsters 1974: Kamen Rider X (Movie version of episode 3) 1974: Kamen Rider X: Five Riders vs. King Dark 1975: Kamen Rider Amazon (Movie version of episode 16) 1975: Kamen Rider Stronger (Movie version of episode 7) 1980: Kamen Rider: Eight Riders vs. Galaxy King 1981: Kamen Rider Super-1 1988: Kamen Rider Black: Hurry to Onigashima 1988: Kamen Rider Black: Fear! Evil Monster Mansion 1989: Kamen Rider: Stay in the World – 3D theme park special 1992: Shin Kamen Rider: Prologue 1993: Kamen Rider ZO 1994: Kamen Rider J 1994: Kamen Rider World – 3-D theme park special 2001: Kamen Rider Agito: Project G4 2002: Kamen Rider Ryuki: Episode Final 2003: Kamen Rider 555: Paradise Lost 2004: Kamen Rider Blade: Missing Ace 2005: Kamen Rider Hibiki & The Seven Senki 2005: Kamen Rider: The First 2006: Kamen Rider Kabuto: God Speed Love 2007: Kamen Rider Den-O: I'm Born! 2007: Kamen Rider: The Next 2008: Kamen Rider Den-O & Kiva: Climax Deka 2008: Kamen Rider Kiva: King of the Castle in the Demon World 2008: Saraba Kamen Rider Den-O: Final Countdown 2009: Cho Kamen Rider Den-O & Decade Neo Generations: The Onigashima Warship 2009: Kamen Rider Decade: All Riders vs. Dai-Shocker 2009: Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider W & Decade: Movie War 2010 Kamen Rider Decade: The Last Story Kamen Rider W: Begins Night Movie War 2010 2010: Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider The Movie: Cho-Den-O Trilogy Episode Red: Zero no Star Twinkle Episode Blue: The Dispatched Imagin is Newtral Episode Yellow: Treasure de End Pirates 2010: Kamen Rider W Forever: A to Z/The Gaia Memories of Fate 2010: Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider OOO & W Featuring Skull: Movie War Core Kamen Rider Skull: Message for Double Kamen Rider OOO: Nobunaga's Desire Movie War Core 2011: OOO, Den-O, All Riders: Let's Go Kamen Riders 2011: Kamen Rider OOO Wonderful: The Shogun and the 21 Core Medals 2011: Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider Fourze & OOO: Movie War Mega Max Beginning: Fight! Legendary Seven Riders Kamen Rider OOO: Ankh's Resurrection, the Medals of the Future, and the Leading Hope Futo, The Conspiracy Advances: Gallant! Kamen Rider Joker Kamen Rider Fourze: Nade-Shiko Ad-Vent Movie War Mega Max: Gather! Warriors of Glory 2012: Kamen Rider × Super Sentai: Super Hero Taisen 2012: Kamen Rider Fourze the Movie: Space, Here We Come! 2012: Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider Wizard & Fourze: Movie War Ultimatum Kamen Rider Fourze Kamen Rider Wizard Movie War Ultimatum 2013: Kamen Rider × Super Sentai × Space Sheriff: Super Hero Taisen Z 2013: Kamen Rider Wizard in Magic Land 2013: Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider Gaim & Wizard: The Fateful Sengoku Movie Battle Kamen Rider Wizard: The Promised Place Kamen Rider Gaim: Sengoku Battle Royale 2014: Heisei Riders vs. Shōwa Riders: Kamen Rider Taisen feat. Super Sentai 2014: Kamen Rider Gaim: Great Soccer Battle! Golden Fruits Cup! 2014: Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider Drive & Gaim: Movie War Full Throttle Kamen Rider Gaim: The Advancing Last Stage Kamen Rider Drive: A Challenge from Lupin Movie War Full Throttle 2015: Super Hero Taisen GP: Kamen Rider 3 2015: Kamen Rider Drive: Surprise Future 2015: Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider Ghost & Drive: Super Movie War Genesis 2016: Kamen Rider 1 2016: Kamen Rider Ghost: The 100 Eyecons and Ghost's Fated Moment 2016: Kamen Rider Heisei Generations: Dr. Pac-Man vs. Ex-Aid & Ghost with Legend Riders 2017: Kamen Rider × Super Sentai: Ultra Super Hero Taisen 2017: Kamen Rider Ex-Aid the Movie: True Ending 2017: Kamen Rider Heisei Generations Final: Build & Ex-Aid with Legend Rider 2018: Kamen Rider Amazons the Movie: The Last Judgement 2018: Kamen Rider Build the Movie: Be the One 2018: Kamen Rider Heisei Generations Forever

title: Kamen Rider Stronger

text: The is created by General Shadow after he leaves Black Satan. After its destruction, he forms the Delza Army to fight Kamen Rider Stronger. The first eight of his officers schemed against him, but never challenged General Shadow, but soon General Shadow was overthrown by Great Mashal Machine. The organization was destroyed by the combined efforts of Kamen Rider #1, Kamen Rider #2, Kamen Rider V3, Riderman, Kamen Rider X, Kamen Rider Amazon and Kamen Rider Stronger.

title: Kamen Rider

text: 1976: All Together! Seven Kamen Riders 1979: Immortal Kamen Rider Special 1984: Birth of the 10th! Kamen Riders All Together!! 1987: This Is Kamen Rider Black 1988: Kamen Rider 1 through RX: Big Gathering 1993: Ultraman vs. Kamen Rider (Co-production with Tsuburaya Productions) 2000: Kamen Rider Kuuga: First Dream Of The New Year 2001: Kamen Rider Agito Special: Another New Transformation 2002: Kamen Rider Ryuki Special: 13 Riders 2004: Kamen Rider Blade: New Generation 2006: 35th Masked Rider Anniversary File 2009: Kamen Rider G

title: Kamen Rider

text: On May 20, 2013, Toei filed for several trademarks on the phrase Kamen Raidā Gaimu(仮面ライダー鎧武（ガイム）).[16] Kamen Rider Gaim previewed on July 25, 2013, revealing a Sengoku period and fruit-themed motif to the series' multiple-rival Kamen Riders and Gen Urobuchi as the series' main writer.[17][18] The third entry in the Super Hero Taisen film series, Heisei Rider vs. Shōwa Rider: Kamen Rider Taisen feat. Super Sentai, marked the 15th anniversary of the Heisei Kamen Rider era and revolved around a conflict between the 15 Heisei Riders and the 15 Showa Riders with Kamen Rider Fifteen, and a cameo appearance by the ToQgers and the Kyoryugers. It also marked the start of a yearly Haruyasumi Gattai Supesharu(春休み合体スペシャル, Spring Break Combined Special) involving each year's Kamen Rider teaming up with the current Super Sentai team in a story tying into that year's entry in the Super Hero Taisen movie series. Gaim was followed in 2014 by Kamen Rider Drive, the first Kamen Rider since Kamen Rider Black RX (who also used a motorcycle), to use a car instead of a motorcycle.[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The fourth Super Hero Taisen, Super Hero Taisen GP, marks Kamen Rider 3's first live-action appearance after the Showa Kamen Rider manga. Kamen Rider Ghost was introduced in 2015. In 2016 the Kamen Rider series celebrated its 45th anniversary, and Toei released the film Kamen Rider 1 on March 26, 2016.[28] Kamen Rider Ex-Aid was introduced in 2016 and was the first Rider series to have a character, Kiriya Kujo, portray the main Rider's motorcycle. A Movie War film known as Kamen Rider Heisei Generations: Dr. Pac-Man vs. Ex-Aid & Ghost with Legend Rider was announced for December 10, 2016, featuring Bandai Namco Entertainment's original character created by Namco prior merging with Bandai in 2006, Pac-Man. Following up Ex-Aid's finale Kamen Rider Build premiered on September 3rd, 2017.[29] The twentieth and last series of the Heisei era, Kamen Rider Zi-O, which commemorates the 20th anniversary of the Heisei era, premiered on September 2nd, 2018.

title: Kamen Rider

text: 2000: Kamen Rider Kuuga: vs. the Strong Monster Go-Jiino-Da 2001: Kamen Rider Agito: Three rider TV-kun Special 2002: Kamen Rider Ryuki Hyper Battle: Kamen Rider Ryuki vs. Kamen Rider Agito 2003: Kamen Rider 555: The Musical 2004: Kamen Rider Blade: Blade vs Blade 2005: Kamen Rider Hibiki: Transform Asumu: You can be an Oni too 2006: Kamen Rider Kabuto: Birth! Gatack Hyper Form! 2007: Kamen Rider Den-O: Singing, Dancing, Great Time!! 2008: Kamen Rider Kiva: You Can Also be Kiva 2009: Kamen Rider Decade: Protect! <The World of TV-Kun> 2010: Kamen Rider W: Donburi's α/Farewell Recipe of Love 2011: Kamen Rider OOO: Quiz, Dance, and Takagarooba!? 2012: Kamen Rider Fourze: Rocket Drill States of Friendship 2013: Kamen Rider Wizard: Showtime with the Dance Ring 2014: Kamen Rider Gaim: Fresh Orange Arms is Born! 2015: Kamen Rider Drive Hyper Battle: Type TV-KUN: Hunter & Monster! Chase the Mystery of the Super Thief! Type High Speed! The True Power! Type High Speed is Born! 2016: Kamen Rider Ghost Hyper Battle: Ikkyu Eyecon Contention! Quick Wit Battle!! Ikkyu Eyecon! Awaken, My Quick Wit Power!! Truth! The Secret Of Heroes' Eyecons! 2017: Kamen Rider Ex-Aid "Tricks" Kamen Rider Lazer Kamen Rider Para-DX 2018: Kamen Rider Build Birth! KumaTelevi!! VS Kamen Rider Grease! Kamen Rider Prime Rogue

title: Kamen Rider W

title: Super Hero Time

text: For the 2009 television season, "Kamen Rider Decade" only aired for 31 episodes, allowing for the broadcast of "Kamen Rider W" for a full 49-episode run. This has introduced an offset of five months between the series premieres of the yearly "Super Sentai" Series (which premieres in mid February) and "Kamen Rider" Series (which premiered in early September since then), instead of an approximate month long offset that had existed before ("Kamen Rider" Series premiered in mid-January). This offset was shortened to four months after the finale of the 53 episode-long "Kamen Rider Wizard", delaying the premiere of subsequent "Kamen Rider" Series to early October until the debut of "Kamen Rider Build" in early September. In 2019, this offset will be reduced to six months with the premiere of "Kishiryu Sentai Ryusoulger" in March.

title: Kamen Rider

text: Advertisements in May, June, and July 2009 promoted the debut of Kamen Rider W,[9] who first appeared at the 10th-anniversary Masked Rider Live event[10] and was featured in Kamen Rider Decade: All Riders vs. Dai-Shocker. The staff of W said that they planned to make 10 more years of Kamen Rider, differentiating subsequent series from the Kuuga through Decade period (including a new broadcast season from September of one year to about August of the next ). The hero of Kamen Rider W is the first Kamen Rider to transform from two people at once,[9] and the series premiered on September 6, 2009.[11] Continuing into 2010 with Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider W & Decade: Movie War 2010, W ran from September 2009 to September 2010 instead of from January to January. The second, third, and fourth films of the Cho-Den-O series, collectively known as Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider The Movie: Cho-Den-O Trilogy, were also released in 2010.[12] Late 2010 brought the series Kamen Rider OOO to television after W's finale, and 2011 observed the 40th anniversary of the franchise. Festivities that year included the Kamen Rider Girls idol group, the film OOO, Den-O, All Riders: Let's Go Kamen Riders (released on April 1) and OOO's successor, Kamen Rider Fourze, which references the previous heroes in its characters' names and its plot. A crossover film, Kamen Rider × Super Sentai: Super Hero Taisen, was released in 2012 featuring the heroes of all Kamen Rider and Super Sentai series to date.[13]

title: Kamen Rider W

text: , is a 2009-2010 Japanese tokusatsu drama, the eleventh series in the Heisei period run of the Kamen Rider Series. It premiered following the finale of "Kamen Rider Decade" on September 6, 2009, and aired alongside "Samurai Sentai Shinkenger" in TV Asahi's Super Hero Time programming block. Following "Shinkenger's" finale, it aired alongside "Tensou Sentai Goseiger", until "W" concluded on August 29, 2010. The series is described as the . In the first episode of Kamen Rider Fourze, W is revealed to be in the same continuity as the original Showa timeline, making it the first series to do so since "Kamen Rider Agito".

title: Kamen Rider: The First

text: The Inhumanoids in "Kamen Rider: The First" are not non-humans as their name would suggest, but rather cyborgs much like the Kamen Riders. The organization's ranks are depicted as having three commanding characters (seen only on screens), as well as several special-class soldiers and unidentified grunts.Several actors in this film have appeared in previous "Kamen Rider" productions. Hiroshi Miyauchi plays Tōbei Tachibana, a character who has appeared in numerous other "Kamen Rider" shows, acting as a sort of father figure to the Riders. Miyauchi is known for portraying the title character in 1973's "Kamen Rider V3". Hassei Takano, who portrays Hayato Ichimonji (Kamen Rider 2) in the film, also starred as Miyuki Tezuka (Kamen Rider Raia) in the 2002 series "Kamen Rider Ryuki". Hideyo Amamoto posthumously reprises his role as Dr. Shinigami through archival footage from the original "Kamen Rider" series.

title: Kamen Rider

text: 1992: Shin: Kamen Rider Prologue 1993: Kamen Rider SD – Only anime adaptation 2011: Kamen Rider W Returns Kamen Rider Accel Chapter Kamen Rider Eternal Chapter 2015: Kamen Rider Gaim Gaiden First Part Kamen Rider Zangetsu Chapter Kamen Rider Baron Chapter Second Part Kamen Rider Duke Chapter Kamen Rider Knuckle Chapter 2016: Kamen Rider Drive Saga First Part Kamen Rider Chaser Chapter Second Part Kamen Rider Heart Chapter Kamen Rider Mach Chapter 2017: Kamen Rider Ghost Re-Birth: Kamen Rider Specter 2018: Kamen Rider Ex-Aid Trilogy: Another Ending Brave & Snipe Chapter Para-DX with Poppy Chapter Genm vs. Lazer Chapter 2019: Kamen Rider Build New World: Kamen Rider Cross-Z

title: List of Kamen Rider Fourze characters

text: By himself, Ryusei is a proficient martial artist, often yelling very much like the martial artist Bruce Lee did, right down to the trademark when firing his punches or kicks. His fighting style is the style, Jeet Kune Do. As Kamen Rider Meteor, Ryusei uses the to transform once using the Astroswitch. One of the conditions of using the Meteor System is to keep Kamen Rider Meteor's identity an absolute secret from everyone else, under the threat that he would no longer be able to transform should his identity be exposed. This happened twice in fact; first when Cancer Zodiarts managed to catch him out of transformation and second when murdering Gentaro.He originally attended transferring to AGHS and weaseling his way into the Kamen Rider Club in order to track down the yet to manifest Aries Zodiarts for his personal agenda. After the Aries Zodiarts makes his appearance and his identity as Kamen Rider Meteor is revealed to the members of the Kamen Rider Club, Ryusei properly joins the Kamen Rider Club as an official member and one of Gentaro's friends.

title: Kamen Rider

text: With Fourze's run complete in 2012, Kamen Rider Wizard premiered; its protagonist was the first Kamen Rider to use magic.[14] Wizard had the first homosexual character and cast member with Kaba-chan.[15] Kamen Rider × Super Sentai × Space Sheriff: Super Hero Taisen Z, a sequel to 2012's Super Hero Taisen with the revived Metal Hero Series characters from Space Sheriff Gavan: The Movie and other characters created by Shotaro Ishinomori appearing in Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider Wizard & Fourze: Movie War Ultimatum, was released in 2013.

title: Kamen Rider: The First

text: The crew of "The First" also features many returning faces. Director Takao Nagaishi is a longtime tokusatsu director who has helmed several episodes of 2006s "Kamen Rider Kabuto". Nagaishi was also an assistant director on the original "Kamen Rider" series. The film was written by Toshiki Inoue, a popular fixture in anime and tokusatsu screen writing. He has written virtually every theatrical film in the "Kamen Rider" franchise, as well as all the episodes of "Kamen Rider Agito" (except for one) and "Kamen Rider 555". He also served as a writer on "Kamen Rider Kuuga", "Kamen Rider Ryuki", "Kamen Rider Blade", and "Kamen Rider Hibiki". Inoue is the son of the late Masaru Igami, who was the chief writer on the original "Kamen Rider" series, as well as "Kamen Rider V3", "Kamen Rider Stronger", and "New Kamen Rider".

title: Kamen Rider: Battride War

text: The game features an original story where the evil Shadow Moon, rival of Kamen Rider Black makes the first monsters each Kamen Rider has faced much stronger, killing him and other Kamen Riders before they truly have a chance to become heroes. He starts off with Kamen Rider 1, and with his death, the history of all Kamen Riders is rewritten. The only ones unaffected are Kamen Rider Ghost, as he is already dead, and Kamen Rider Den-O, who has the Den-Liner that can travel through time and preventing his history as a Kamen Rider from being rewritten. The two work together to save the Kamen Riders and restore the original timeline so Kamen Riders live to protect the world.

title: List of Kamen Rider: Dragon Knight characters

text: Wrath slots his cards in his staff called the Gold Visor.Kamen Rider Onyx is a black-colored copy of Kamen Rider Dragon Knight armed with a black Japanese Dragon Advent Deck; he is the 3rd strongest Kamen Rider, and is stronger than Kamen Rider Dragon Knight, due to his Advent Cards having a stronger power than Kamen Rider Dragon Knight's Advent Card. This shown when Kit, who was using the Onyx deck, managing to overpower Adam, the original Dragon Knight. Onyx is a newly created Kamen Rider, which is why no other Rider recognized the armor, thus increasing the total number of Kamen Riders to 13. He first appeared to ambush Kit and knock him into Ventara. When Kit is taken down by Onyx, it turns out to be a nightmare. The next time Onyx shows up is actually Kit (as Dragon Knight) retransforming into the black-armored Onyx venting Wing Knight and confronting Siren. However, it turns out to be just another nightmare.

title: Kamen Rider

text: Kamen Rider (1971–1973); first series in the franchise. Kamen Rider V3 (1973–1974) Kamen Rider X (1974) Kamen Rider Amazon (1974–1975) Kamen Rider Stronger (1975) Kamen Rider Skyrider (1979–1980) Kamen Rider Super-1 (1980–1981) Kamen Rider Black (1987–1988) Kamen Rider Black RX (1988–1989); produced during the transition between the Shōwa and Heisei periods and officially the last of the Shōwa period. Kamen Rider Kuuga (2000–2001); first series produced during the 21st century and officially the first of the Heisei period. Kamen Rider Agito (2001–2002) Kamen Rider Ryuki (2002–2003) Kamen Rider 555 (2003–2004) Kamen Rider Blade (2004–2005) Kamen Rider Hibiki (2005–2006) Kamen Rider Kabuto (2006–2007) Kamen Rider Den-O (2007–2008) Kamen Rider Kiva (2008–2009) Kamen Rider Decade (2009) Kamen Rider W (2009–2010) Kamen Rider OOO (2010–2011) Kamen Rider Fourze (2011–2012) Kamen Rider Wizard (2012–2013) Kamen Rider Gaim (2013–2014) Kamen Rider Drive (2014–2015) Kamen Rider Ghost (2015–2016) Kamen Rider Ex-Aid (2016–2017) Kamen Rider Build (2017–2018) Kamen Rider Zi-O (2018–2019); officially the last series of the Heisei period, produced between the end of the Heisei period and the beginning of the next.

title: Kamen Rider Decade

text: Meeting up with Shotaro and Philip, Gentaro introduces himself as he and Shotaro hit it off before he explains the nature of Foundation X with its agent Kannagi having betrayed the organization to take over the world. However, Kannagi sends his remaining aide Solaris to finish the Kamen Riders off by becoming the Unicorn Zodiarts while her followers become the Orion, Chameleon, and Hound Zodiarts. To return , Shotaro and Philip become Kamen Rider Double to hold off the Foundation X Zodiarts as Eiji and Gentaro assume their Kamen Rider forms to reach Kannagi. Amused at the Kamen Riders' intent to stop him, Kannagi puts them at the mercy of an army of Dustards, Waste Yummy, and Masquerade Dopants. As Kamen Rider OOO assumes his various Combos to take out some of the grunts, Kamen Rider Fourze uses his Astroswitch combinations to wipe out the rest before the Exodus begins takeoff. As Kamen Rider OOO is overpowered by replicas of the Greeed and the Museum Dopants, Kamen Rider Fourze reveals he has found four Kamen Rider themed Astroswitches and three Kamen Rider themed Core Medals. When the two Riders use the items, they are revealed to be the Seven Legendary Kamen Riders and are able to return to their normal forms. They tell the two Kamen Riders to stop Kannagi while they hold off the monster replicas as Kamen Rider Aqua arrives to give Kamen Rider OOO a new set of Core Medals from the future.

title: Kamen Rider: Climax

text: was released on December 7, 2017 for PlayStation 4, with the addition of several new playable characters, such as "Kamen Rider Gaim", "Kamen Rider Drive", "Kamen Rider Ghost", and "Kamen Rider Ex-Aid", including Kamen Rider Beast from "Kamen Rider Wizard" who appeared in previous "Kamen Rider" games, and a newly introduced "Kamen Rider Build". Much like in the two first "" games prior its "Genesis" sequel, the playable rosters consists of the titular Heisei Riders and the secondary Riders from Heisei era Phase 2. However, Kamen Rider BLACK was the first and only Showa Rider to be announced on November 22, 2017, as part of the titular Showa Rider's 30th anniversary. It is also the first "Climax" installment to be PlayStation exclusive since the original "Climax Heroes".

title: Kamen Rider OOO

text: The 28th episode of "Kamen Rider OOO" serves as the 1000th episode of the Kamen Rider Series since "Kamen Rider" premiered on April 3, 1971. The episode was originally set to premiere on March 27, 2011. However, due to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, the airing of this episode was postponed by one week to April 3, 2011. For the 999th and 1000th episodes, various guest stars with the kanji for in their name were featured: Chiaki, Chisato Morishita, Chinatsu Wakatsuki, and the owarai duo Harisenbon ("sen" also being Japanese for 1000).

title: Kamen Rider (1971 TV series)

text: There were three movies released as the 1990s "Movie Riders", which were "", "Kamen Rider ZO" and "Kamen Rider J". After the original creator Shōtarō Ishinomori's death, the Kamen Rider franchise was continued in 2000 with "Kamen Rider Kuuga". As of 2018, twenty-nine Kamen Rider series have been made, with the newest being "Kamen Rider Zi-O" which premiered in September 2018.

title: Kamen Rider

text: In 2005, Kamen Rider The First was produced. Written by Toshiki Inoue, the film reimagines the manga and original television series and characters from the original series had their storylines altered to fit the film's time span. Masaya Kikawada played Takeshi Hongo/Kamen Rider 1 and Hassei Takano (previously Miyuki Tezuka/Kamen Rider Raia in Kamen Rider Ryuki) was Hayato Ichimonji/Kamen Rider 2. This was followed in 2007 by Kamen Rider The Next, an adaptation of Kamen Rider V3 starring Kazuki Kato (previously Daisuke Kazama/Kamen Rider Drake in Kamen Rider Kabuto) as Shiro Kazami/Kamen Rider V3 and with Kikawada and Takano reprising their roles.