query: Are there rounds in freestyle wrestling?

title: Freestyle wrestling

text: Nineteenth century wrestling matches were particularly long, and especially Greco-Roman bouts (where holds below the waist and the use of the legs are not allowed) could last as many as eight to nine hours, and even then, it was only decided by a draw.[3] In the 20th century, time limits were set for matches.[4] For more than forty years into the twentieth century, freestyle and its American counterpart, collegiate wrestling, not have a scoring system that decided matches in the absence of a fall. The introduction of a point system by Oklahoma State University wrestling coach Art Griffith that gained acceptance in 1941 influenced the international styles as well. By the 1960s international wrestling matches in Greco-Roman and freestyle were scored by a panel of three judges in secret, who made the final decision by raising colored paddles at the match's end. Dr. Albert de Ferrari from San Francisco who became vice president of FILA, lobbied for a visible scoring system and a rule for "controlled fall", which would recognize a fall only when the offensive wrestler had done something to cause it. These were soon adopted internationally in Greco-Roman and freestyle.[5] By 1996, before a major overhaul of FILA rules, an international freestyle match consisted of two three-minute periods, with a one-minute rest between periods.[4] Today, wrestlers from Post-Soviet states, Iran, U.S., Bulgaria, Cuba, Turkey, and Japan, have had the strongest showings. Alexander Medved of Belarus won 10 world championships and three Olympic gold medals, in the period of 1964-1972.[6] Many collegiate wrestlers have moved on to freestyle competition, particularly internationally with great success.[7]

title: Wrestling at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle lightweight

text: This freestyle wrestling competition continued to use the "bad points" elimination system introduced at the 1928 Summer Olympics for Greco-Roman and at the 1932 Summer Olympics for freestyle wrestling, with a slight modification. Each round featured all wrestlers pairing off and wrestling one bout (with one wrestler having a bye if there were an odd number). The loser received 3 points if the loss was by fall or unanimous decision and 2 points if the decision was 2-1 (this was the modification from prior years, where all losses were 3 points). The winner received 1 point if the win was by decision and 0 points if the win was by fall. At the end of each round, any wrestler with at least 5 points was eliminated.

title: Wrestling at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle heavyweight

text: This freestyle wrestling competition did not use the single-elimination bracket format previously used for Olympic freestyle wrestling but instead followed the format that was introduced at the 1928 Summer Olympics for Greco-Roman wrestling, using an elimination system based on the accumulation of points. Each round featured all wrestlers pairing off and wrestling one bout (with one wrestler having a bye if there were an odd number). The loser received 3 points. The winner received 1 point if the win was by decision and 0 points if the win was by fall. At the end of each round, any wrestler with at least 5 points was eliminated.

title: Arayik Gevorgyan

text: Gevorgyan was born on 22 January 1973 in a village of the Artashat region of Soviet Armenia. He started wrestling in 1984 under the guidance of Razmik Goletsyan. From 1989 to 1991, he was a member of the USSR junior freestyle wrestling team. Gevorgyan became a Junior European Champion in 1991. In 1992, Gevorgyan joined the Armenia espoir freestyle wrestling team. Gevorgyan became a Espoir European Champion in 1992 and a Espoir World Champion in 1993. After that year, Gevorgyan joined the Armenian national freestyle wrestling team. He became a three-time consecutive World Wrestling Champion, having won a gold medal at the 1995 World Wrestling Championships, 1997 World Wrestling Championships and 1998 World Wrestling Championships. Gevorgyan is the first ever wrestler from the independent Republic of Armenia to become a World Wrestling Champion in freestyle wrestling. He is also the first European Championship medalist in either Greco-Roman or freestyle wrestling and only the third European Championship gold medalist in freestyle wrestling from the independent Republic of Armenia. Gevorgyan is a three-time Olympian, competing at the 1996 Summer Olympics, 2000 Summer Olympics, and 2004 Summer Olympics. He was one of the favorites in 1996 and 200 but wasn't able to win an Olympic medal. Gevorgyan was voted the Armenian Athlete of the Year for 1997 and 1998. He completed his international wrestling career after the 2004 Olympics in Athens.

title: Wrestling at the 2015 Pan American Games – Women's Freestyle 53 kg

text: The Women's Freestyle 53 kg competition of the Wrestling events at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto were held on July 16 at the Mississauga Sports Centre. Conder's competitor Elverine Jimenez from Nicaragua was disqualified from the games for doping. As a result, Conder received a Bye at the first round.

title: Freestyle wrestling

text: List of World and Olympic Champions in men's freestyle wrestling Amateur wrestling Folk wrestling Greco-Roman wrestling Collegiate wrestling Submission wrestling List of female freestyle wrestlers List of male freestyle wrestlers

title: Wrestling at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle featherweight

title: Wrestling at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle bantamweight

title: Andy Hrovat

text: Wrestling in the 84 kg weight class - freestyle, Hrovat drew a bye in the round of 16. He wrestled Cuba's Reineris Salas Perez in the round of 8, losing 3-0 1-3 2-2. The Cuban's loss to the Turkish wrestler Serhat Balcı in the quarterfinal round eliminated Hrovat from further competition in the repechage round.

title: Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle bantamweight

text: The bantamweight was the third lightest freestyle wrestling weight class held as part of the Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first time the event, like all other freestyle wrestling events, was held in Olympic competition. 7 wreslers competed.

title: Wrestling at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle light heavyweight

title: Wrestling at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle welterweight

title: Wrestling at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle welterweight

title: Arne Robertsson

text: Arne Alf Robert Robertsson (March 23, 1942 – January 29, 1991) was a Swedish heavyweight wrestler who won a bronze medal in Greco-Roman wrestling at the 1977 World Championships. He competed at the 1964 and 1968 Olympics in freestyle and at the 1976 Games in Greco-Roman wrestling, but was eliminated after two rounds on all occasions. At the European championships Robertsson won a silver medal in Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling each.

title: Wrestling at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle featherweight

title: Magomedmurad Gadzhiev

text: Magomedmurad Saidpashievich Gadzhiev (, ; born February 15, 1988 in Dagestan) is a Russian Naturalized Polish freestyle wrestler of Dargin heritage. International Master of Sports in Freestyle Wrestling. He is bronze medalist of 2010 Russian Freestyle Wrestling Nationals. At 2015 World Wrestling Championships in the second round he lost to World Champion Frank Chamizo (3-4) European Games 2015 ruuner-up, who competed in the men's freestyle 70 kg category at the 2015 European Games and won the silver medal. Golden Grand prix Ivan Yarygin 2010 champion, bronze medalist in 2009 and 2011, European Championships 2010 runner-up, Ramzan Kadyrov Cup 3rd 2010 and World Cup 2011 winner. Gadzhiev competed at Olympics 2016, but he lost to Frank Molinaro in the qualifications.

title: Wrestling at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle middleweight

title: Wrestling at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle light heavyweight

title: Wrestling at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle bantamweight

title: Wrestling at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle heavyweight

title: Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle lightweight

text: The lightweight was the third heaviest freestyle wrestling weight class held as part of the Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first time the event, like all other freestyle wrestling events, was held in Olympic competition. 10 wrestlers competed.

title: Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle featherweight

text: The featherweight was the median freestyle wrestling weight class held as part of the Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first time the event, like all other freestyle wrestling events, was held in Olympic competition. 9 wrestlers competed.

title: Anita Sheoran

text:
Participating at the 2005 Commonwealth Wrestling Championships in the 67 kg freestyle category, Sheoran won bronze medal.
At the 2008 Asian Wrestling Championships, Sheoran won bronze medal in the 59 kg freestyle event. Later in the year, she participated in the World Wrestling Championships, where she lost to the eventual bronze medalist Agata Pietrzyk in the first round.

title: Kaarlo Mäkinen

text: Kaarlo Mäkinen (14 May 1892 – 11 May 1980) was a Finnish wrestler who competed at the 1920, 1924 and 1928 Olympics in freestyle wrestling. In 1920 he was eliminated in the preliminary round in the featherweight event. After that he moved to the bantamweight category and won a silver and a gold medal in 1924 and 1928, respectively. He also won two medals in Greco-Roman wrestling at the world championships of 1921 and 1922, as well as four national titles: three in Greco-Roman (1921–1923) and one in freestyle wrestling (1928).

title: Freestyle wrestling

text: Freestyle wrestling, like collegiate wrestling, has its greatest origins in catch-as-catch-can wrestling and, in both styles, the ultimate goal is to throw and pin the opponent to the mat, which results in an immediate win. Freestyle and collegiate wrestling, unlike Greco-Roman, allow the use of the wrestler's or his opponent's legs in offense and defense. Freestyle wrestling brings together traditional wrestling, judo, and sambo techniques.

title: Reece Humphrey

text: Reece Weslee Humphrey (born July 31, 1986 in Bloomington, Indiana) is retired American freestyle wrestler who competed for the men's freestyle 60 kg at the World Wrestling Championships 2013 in Budapest, Hungary. He was eliminated in the quarterfinal rounds, after being defeated by Iran's Masoud Esmaeilpour, based on the decision score 8-9. He is national USA wrestling champion 2015. New York athletic club International Open champion 2011. Humphrey is also Indiana high school state champion, Freestyle and Greco-Roman national champion 2x All-American at The Ohio State University (2009 runner-up and 3rd 2010) In 2015 World Wrestling Championships he won to world bronze medalist Daulet Niyazbekov of Kazakhstan, but in second round he lost to Mongolian young wrestling prospect Batboldyn Nomin, Batboldyn reached to the final, in Repechage round 1 Humphrey lost to bronze world medalist Bajrang Punia of India.

title: Wrestling at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle lightweight

title: Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle flyweight

text: The flyweight was the second lightest freestyle wrestling weight class held as part of the Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first time the event, like all other freestyle wrestling events, was held in Olympic competition. 3 wrestlers competed.

title: Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle welterweight

text: The welterweight was the second-heaviest freestyle wrestling weight class held as part of the Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first time the event, like all other freestyle wrestling events, was held in Olympic competition. Ten wreslets competed.

title: Dauren Kurugliev

text: Dauren Khalidovich Kurugliev (; 12 July 1992, Makhachkala) is a Lezgin heritage Dagestani-born Russian mixed martial artist and freestyle wrestler. 2017 European champion. He is Russian Junior National Champion 2011, North Caucasian Federal District Freestyle wrestling tournament winner 2011, 2013. National Master of Sports in Freestyle Wrestling. Kurugliev competed in the World Cup 2015 in Los Angeles, California and he won all the wrestling matches, 3-0. He defeated 3-time NCAA All-American champion Penn State Nittany Lions Wrestling Ed Ruth of USA (by fall), he beat Usukhbaatar Purevee of Mongolia and Aleksander Gostiev of Azerbaijan. He trains with world champion Abdusalam Gadisov. After American World Cup, In Russian National Freestyle Wrestling Championships 2015 he lost in the second round and was eliminated from the сhampionships. On 5th of July, 2015 at the Ali Aliyev Memorial, he lost in the gold medal match to Shamil Kudiyamagomedov of Russia.

title: Wrestling at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle middleweight


query: When did Joan of Arc die?

title: Joan of Arc

text: Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d'Arc; French pronunciation:[ʒan daʁk]; 6 January c.1412– 30 May 1431), nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" (French: La Pucelle d'Orléans), is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint. She was born to Jacques d'Arc and Isabelle Romée, a peasant family, at Domrémy in north-east France. Joan claimed to have received visions of the Archangel Michael, Saint Margaret, and Saint Catherine of Alexandria instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination late in the Hundred Years' War. The uncrowned King Charles VII sent Joan to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence after the siege was lifted only nine days later. Several additional swift victories led to Charles VII's coronation at Reims. This long-awaited event boosted French morale and paved the way for the final French victory.

title: Joan the Woman

text: Joan the Woman is a 1916 American epic silent drama film directed by Cecil B. DeMille and starring Geraldine Farrar as Joan of Arc. The film premiered on Christmas Day in 1916. This was DeMille's first historical drama. The screenplay is based on Friedrich Schiller's 1801 play "Die Jungfrau von Orelans" ("The Maid of Orleans"). This film was considered to be the "first cinematic spectacle about Joan of Arc."

title: Joan of Arc

text: Jean II, Duke of Alençon: Commander in the French Royal army Gilles de Rais: Commander in the French Royal Army Joanna of Flanders: Countess who led an army earlier in the Hundred Years' War Jean V de Bueil: Count of Sancerre who served in the Royal army when Joan was there. Guy XIV de Laval: Count of Laval, wrote a famous letter mentioning Joan and served in the army. André de Lohéac: Brother of the above, Lord of Lohéac, later Marshal of France, served in the army with Joan. Marie of Anjou: Wife of Charles VII Pierronne: Mystic who may have met Joan of Arc, and was burned at the stake for defending Joan's reputation André César Vermare: Sculpted a famous statue of Joan of Arc Alena Arzamasskaia was a famed female rebel fighter in 17th-century Russia ,sometimes called the Russian Joan of Arc Djamila Bouhired: FLN militant known as Algeria's Joan of Arc María Pita and Agustina de Aragón: Spanish military heroines likened to Joan of Arc Madeleine de Verchères: 17th-century New France colonist known as Canada's Joan of Arc

title: List of works by Maxime Real del Sarte

text: Construction of this Basilique in honour of Joan of Arc was finished in 1964. Apart from a bust of Joan of Arc by Real del Sarte inside the church, there is a statue of Joan of Arc outside the church by Félix Charpentier The site of the church was chosen specifically as it is next to the church of Saint-Denys de la Chapelle where Joan of Arc was greeted in 1429.

title: Joan of Arc

text: Joan of Arc came from an obscure village and rose to prominence when she was a teenager, and she did so as an uneducated peasant. The French and English kings had justified the ongoing war through competing interpretations of inheritance law, first concerning Edward III's claim to the French throne and then Henry VI's. The conflict had been a legalistic feud between two related royal families, but Joan transformed it along religious lines and gave meaning to appeals such as that of squire Jean de Metz when he asked, "Must the king be driven from the kingdom; and are we to be English?"[34] In the words of Stephen Richey, "She turned what had been a dry dynastic squabble that left the common people unmoved except for their own suffering into a passionately popular war of national liberation."[102] Richey also expresses the breadth of her subsequent appeal:

title: Joan of Arc (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark song)

text: This is the first of two OMD songs written by McCluskey on the subject of the French saint Joan of Arc. The second, "Joan of Arc (Maid of Orleans)" was also issued as a single (renamed "Maid of Orleans (The Waltz Joan of Arc)" for its release). Both tracks feature on "Architecture & Morality".

title: The Tale of Joan of Arc

text: The lyrical verse written by Christine de Pizan, "The Tale of Joan of Arc", was completed on July 31, 1429. The story is credited as the only academic written work about Joan of Arc that was written during her lifetime. Christine de Pizan was a professional writer in the court of King Charles VI of France. Pizan is said to have died before Joan was captured. Joan of Arc led the French army in May 1429 to end a siege in Orleans and was victorious because within a day the English were forced to retreat. The poetic story written by Christine de Pizan emphasizes victory. However, Joan's battle to reclaim Paris in September 1429 was unsuccessful. Joan of Arc was captured in 1430 and burned at the stake on May 30, 1432 after a series of trials by the English, through the church, about her attire and because she said that God spoke to her and that she listened. Pizan spent the last of her days at the monastery of Poissy and this is where she wrote "The Tale of Joan of Arc".

title: Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism

text: "Joan of Arc: the Image of Female Heroism" is widely used as a college level textbook in courses related to Joan of Arc.

title: Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc

text:
Portrayals of Joan of Arc are numerous. For example, in 1979 the "Bibliothèque Municipale" in Rouen, France displayed a gallery containing over 500 images and other items related to Joan of Arc.
The story of Joan of Arc was a popular subject for dramatization in the 1940s. In addition to Maxwell Anderson's play "Joan of Lorraine" and the Ingrid Bergman film "Joan of Arc", there was also the 1948 RKO film "The Miracle of the Bells" starring Fred MacMurray, Alida Valli, and Frank Sinatra, about a dying film actress whose first and last role is Joan of Arc. There were also three radio dramatizations of the story of Joan during those years, one of them specifically written with a World War II framework.

title: Joan of Arc

text: Joan referred the court to the Poitiers inquiry when questioned on the matter. The Poitiers record no longer survives, but circumstances indicate the Poitiers clerics had approved her practice.[91] She also kept her hair cut short through her military campaigns and while in prison. Her supporters, such as the theologian Jean Gerson, defended her hairstyle for practical reasons, as did Inquisitor Brehal later during the appellate trial.[92] Nonetheless, at the trial in 1431 she was condemned and sentenced to die. Boyd described Joan's trial as so "unfair" that the trial transcripts were later used as evidence for canonizing her in the 20th century.[52]

title: List of Deadliest Warrior episodes

text:
Joan of Arc team: Claire Dodin (15th Century Weapons Expert), Timothy Pickles (Military Historian)
Joan of Arc weapons: French Arming Sword, Steel Crossbow, Siege Cannon
Joan of Arc armor: Plate Armor
Joan of Arc tactics: "Audacious Attack"

title: Marie Maugeret

text:
In 1902 Maugeret founded the "Fédération Jeanne d'Arc" (Federation of Joan of Arc), which sponsored congresses of Catholic women's organizations.
At these congresses Maugeret did whatever she could to gain a vote in favor of women's suffrage.
She was supported by "La Femme contemporaine", an anti-semitic and anti-Dreyfus newspaper.
Joan of Arc was used as a symbol for women's emancipation that glossed over the fact that the church was officially opposed to women's suffrage. The annual "Congrès Jeanne d'Arc" was ostensibly concerned with working for Joan's canonization, but also discussed social concerns such as education, women's rights and women's working conditions. In 1906 it endorsed women's suffrage for a short period. The Joan of Arc movement was anti-Semitic and anti-republican.
Christian feminists formed a national union of French women fighting the "Jewish peril" and freethought.

title: Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc

text: Several impostors claimed to be Joan of Arc after the execution date. The most successful was Claude des Armoises. Claude des Armoises married the knight Robert des Armoises and claimed to be Joan of Arc in 1436. She gained the support of Joan of Arc's brothers. She carried on the charade until 1440, gaining gifts and subsidies. One chronicle states, "In this year there came a young girl who said she was the Maid of France and played her role so well that many were duped by her, and especially the greatest nobles." Claude finally confessed she was a fraud after Charles VII asked her to repeat the secret which the real Joan had revealed to him when they first met at Chinon in March 1429, which Claude could not do.

title: Joan of Arc

text: The standard accounts of the life of Joan of Arc have been challenged by revisionist authors. Claims include: that Joan of Arc was not actually burned at the stake;[125] that she was secretly the half sister of King Charles VII;[126] that she was not a true Christian but a member of a pagan cult;[127] and that most of the story of Joan of Arc is actually a myth.[128]

title: Name of Joan of Arc

text: To further complicate matters, surnames were not universal in the fifteenth century and surname inheritance did not necessarily follow modern patterns. Joan of Arc testified at her trial that the local custom in her native region was for girls to use their mothers' surname. Joan's mother was known both as "Isabelle Romée" and "Isabelle de Vouthon". No surviving record from Joan's lifetime shows that she used either her mother's or her father's surname, but she often referred to herself as "la Pucelle", which roughly translates as "the Maiden". Prior to the mid-nineteenth century, when "Jeanne d'Arc" and "Joan of Arc" became standard, literature and artistic works that refer to her often describe her as "la Pucelle" or "the Maid of Orléans". Her native village has been renamed "Domrémy-la-Pucelle" in reflection of that tradition.

title: Retrial of Joan of Arc

text: The Retrial of Joan of Arc, also known as the "nullification trial" or "rehabilitation trial", was a posthumous retrial of Joan of Arc authorized by Pope Callixtus III at the request of Inquisitor-General Jean Bréhal and Joan's mother Isabelle Romée.

title: The Trial of Joan of Arc

text: The Trial of Joan of Arc () is a 1962 French historical film directed by Robert Bresson. Joan of Arc is played by Florence Delay.

text: In 1819, Pierre Caze published "La Vérité sur Jeanne d'Arc", which argued that Joan of Arc was the illegitimate daughter of the Queen, Isabeau of Bavaria, and Duke Louis of Orléans. According to Caze's reasoning, the queen hid their daughter in the countryside with the d'Arc family. When Joan of Arc met the future King Charles VII she would have given him a private sign that she was his half sister. It has been theorized that the coat of arms he later granted her included a sword as a baton of bastardy.

title: Joan of Arc, They Are Calling You

text: During World War I, it was common for French soldiers to carry an image of Joan of Arc when going into battle. Although she was not canonized a saint until 1920, Joan of Arc represented the devotion of the soldier who fought for France. The lyrics of the song portrays the French soldiers' calling out to Joan of Arc. The chorus reads:

title: Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc

text: In Chapter XX, Joan finally submits to her captors before she is about to die at the stake. Unable to read, Joan unknowingly signs a document “confessing herself a sorceress, a dealer with devils, a liar, a blasphemer of God and His angels…and this signature of hers bound her to resume the dress of a woman." At the end of Chapter 21, de Conte insinuates that Joan d'Arc was raped in prison by the English guards.

title: Joan of Arc

text: Joan of Arc became a symbol of the Catholic League during the 16th century. When Félix Dupanloup was made bishop of Orléans in 1849, he pronounced a fervid panegyric on Joan of Arc, which attracted attention in England as well as France, and he led the efforts which culminated in Joan of Arc's beatification in 1909.[99]

title: Joan of Arc, Dick Cheney, Mark Twain

text: Joan of Arc, Dick Cheney, Mark Twain is the seventh full-length album by Joan of Arc, released in 2004. It is their first for Polyvinyl Records. It is, according to a 2018 interview, Tim Kinsella's favorite "Joan of Arc" album.

title: Joan of Arc

text: World War I songs include "Joan of Arc, They Are Calling You", and "Joan of Arc's Answer Song".[107][108]

title: Joan of Arc (1900 film)

text: Joan of Arc () is a 1900 French silent film directed by Georges Méliès, based on the life of Joan of Arc.

title: Joan of Arc (poem)

text: In terms of subject matter, the story of Joan of Arc was not well known outside of a legend. A history dealing with Joan written by Clement L'Averdy was written in 1790 but it was probably unknown to Southey. This would serve as the major historical source of information on her until Jules Quicherat's history published during the mid-19th century. Of non-historical works, Voltaire's "La Pucelle" was well known but the work attacks Joan. Joan's reputation was polemical, and Joan would later be turned into a French hero with Napoleon's encouragement. Friedrich Schiller would also deal with the legend the same way in "Die Jungfrau von Orleans". In terms of works relying on the general idea of a warrior woman, many such figures exited in epics: Virgil and Camilla, Tasso has Clorinda, and Spenser had Britomart. However, such females were not the central figure as a woman was unique to Southey at the time.

title: Pierronne

text:
Pierronne was among a group of women who tried to defend Joan of Arc's reputation by publicly proclaiming that Joan "was good, and that what she did was well done and according to God's will."
Pro-English authorities arrested Pierronne and the other women at Corbeil in March 1430. She was taken to English-occupied Paris and put on trial by clergy from the city's university. Threatened with summary execution unless she recanted, she was burned at the stake on 3 September 1430. The stated reason given for Pierronne's execution was her assertion that God appeared to her "dressed in a long white robe with a scarlet tunic" and "she was never willing to revoke her affirmation that she often saw God dressed in this manner, for which reason she was judged to be burned on that day."
Since this is a rather curious accusation, modern historians have speculated that the actual reason for her conviction must have been her statements supporting Joan of Arc. Pierre Lanéry d'Arc - a descendant of Joan's brother Pierre who wrote extensively on her - noted: "Perrinaïc had affirmed on a number of occasions Joan's virtues and divine mission: and the English, out of anger, condemned her to die and burned her alive."

title: Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc

text: Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc, by the Sieur Louis de Conte is an 1896 novel by Mark Twain that recounts the life of Joan of Arc. It is Twain's last completed novel, published when he was 61 years old.

title: Deadliest Warrior (season 3)

text:
Joan of Arc Team: Claire Dodin (15th Century Weapons Expert), Timothy Pickles (Military Historian)
Joan of Arc Weapons: French Arming Sword, Steel Crossbow, Siege Cannon
Joan of Arc Armor: Plate Armor
Joan of Arc Tactics: "Audacious Attack"
Joan of Arc Statistics: "Circa": 1429 A.D., "Age": 17, "Height": 5 Feet 4 Inches, "Weight": 125 Pounds

title: Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc

text: The novel begins with a "Translator's Preface," a translator note on the "Peculiarity of Joan of Arc's History," and a foreword by Sieur Louis de Conte. The "Translator's Preface" offers a condensed overview of Joan of Arc's life, with heavy praise ("the character of Joan of Arc ... occupies the loftiest possible to human attainment"). The "Peculiarity" note explains that Joan of Arc's life is preserved in court documents and that the particulars are provided by Louis de Conte, who, the translator assures us, is reliable. The foreword is Sieur de Conte's writing from 1492 (Joan of Arc died in 1431) about his intimate relation to Joan of Arc: "I was with her from the beginning until the end"

title: The Passion of Joan of Arc

text: The Passion of Joan of Arc () is a 1928 silent French historical film based on the actual record of the trial of Joan of Arc. The film was directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer and stars Renée Jeanne Falconetti as Joan. It is widely regarded as a landmark of cinema, especially for its production, Dreyer's direction and Falconetti's performance, which is often listed as one of the finest in cinema history. The film summarizes the time that Joan of Arc was a captive of England, depicting her trial and execution.

title: Indira Gandhi

text:
Indira Gandhi did not often discuss her gender, but she did involve herself in women's issues before becoming the prime minister. Before her election as the Prime Minister, she became active in the organizational wing of the Congress party, working in part in the Women's Department. In 1956, Gandhi had an active role in setting up the Congress Party's Women's Section. Unsurprisingly, a lot of her involvement stemmed from her father. As an only child, Gandhi naturally stepped into the political light. And, as a woman, Gandhi naturally helped head the Women's section of the Congress Party. She often tried to organize women to involve themselves in politics. Although rhetorically Gandhi may have attempted to separate her political success from her gender, Gandhi did involve herself in women's organizations. The political parties in India paid substantial attention to Gandhi's gender before she became prime minister, hoping to use her for political gain.
Even though men surrounded Gandhi during her upbringing, she still had a female role model as a child. Several books on Gandhi mention her interest in Joan of Arc. In her own accounts through her letters she wrote to her friend Dorothy Norman, in 1952 she wrote: "At about eight or nine I was taken to France; Jeanne d'Arc became a great heroine of mine. She was one of the first people I read about with enthusiasm." Another historian recounts Indira's comparison of herself to Joan of Arc: "Indira developed a fascination for Joan of Arc, telling her aunt, 'Someday I am going to lead my people to freedom just as Joan of Arc did! Gandhi's linking of herself to Joan of Arc presents a nice model for historians to assess Gandhi. As one writer said: "The Indian people were her children; members of her family were the only people capable of leading them."


query: What is the fastest swimming animal?

title: Fastest animals

text: The fastest land animal is the cheetah, which has a recorded speed of 109.4–120.7km/h (68.0–75.0mph).[1] The peregrine falcon is the fastest bird and the fastest member of the animal kingdom with a diving speed of 389km/h (242mph).[2] The fastest animal in the sea is the black marlin, which has a recorded speed of 129km/h (80mph).[3]

title: List of Croatian records in swimming

text: The list of Croatian records in swimming shows the fastest performances in the sport of swimming by Croatian nationals. They are ratified and tracked by the Croatian Swimming Federation.

title: Dog paddle

text: It was the first swimming stroke used by ancient humans, believed to have been learned by observing animals swim. Prehistoric cave paintings in Egypt show figures doing what appears to be the dog paddle.

title: List of Bahraini records in swimming

text: The Bahraini records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Bahrain, which are recognised and ratified by the Bahrain Swimming Association.

title: Relay race

text: A swimming relay of four swimmers usually follows this strategy: second-fastest, third-fastest, slowest, then fastest (anchor). However, it is not uncommon to see either the slowest swimmer racing in the second slot (creating an order of second-fastest, slowest, third-fastest, and then fastest), or an order from slowest to fastest (an order of slowest, third-fastest, second-fastest, fastest).

title: List of Moldovan records in swimming

text: The Moldovan records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Moldova, which are recognised and ratified by the Moldovan Swimming Federation.

title: List of Guamanian records in swimming

text: The Guamanian records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Guam, which are recognised and ratified by the Guam Swimming Federation.

title: List of Tanzanian records in swimming

text: The Tanzanian records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Tanzania, which are recognised and ratified by the Tanzanian Swimming Federation.

title: List of Omani records in swimming

text: The Omani records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Oman, which are recognised and ratified by the Oman Swimming Association.

title: List of Bermudian records in swimming

text: This is a list of national swimming records for Bermuda. These are the fastest times ever swum by a swimmer representing the country. These records are kept by Bermuda's national swimming federation: the Bermuda Amateur Swimming Association (BASA).

title: List of Cypriot records in swimming

text: The Cypriot records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Cyprus, which are recognised and ratified by the Cyprus Swimming Federation.

title: List of Moroccan records in swimming

text: The Moroccan Records in Swimming are the fastest times ever swum by an individual from Morocco. These national records are maintained by Morocco's swimming federation, the Royal Moroccan Swimming Federation (FRMN).

title: Octopus

text: Octopuses mainly move about by relatively slow crawling, with some swimming in a head-first position. Jet propulsion, or backwards swimming, is their fastest means of locomotion, followed by swimming and crawling. When in no hurry, they usually crawl on either solid or soft surfaces. Several arms are extended forwards, some of the suckers adhere to the substrate and the animal hauls itself forwards with its powerful arm muscles, while other arms may push rather than pull. As progress is made, other arms move ahead to repeat these actions and the original suckers detach. During crawling, the heart rate nearly doubles, and the animal requires ten or fifteen minutes to recover from relatively minor exercise.

title: Fish locomotion

text: Fish larvae, like many adult fishes, swim by undulating their body. The swimming speed varies proportionally with the size of the animals, in that smaller animals tend to swim at lower speeds than larger animals. The swimming mechanism is controlled by the flow regime of the larvae. Reynolds number (Re) is defined as the ratio of inertial force to viscous force. Smaller organisms are affected more by viscous forces, like friction, and swim at a smaller Reynolds number. Larger organisms use a larger proportion of inertial forces, like pressure, to swim, at a higher Reynolds number..

title: Animal locomotion

text: Some semi-aquatic birds use terrestrial locomotion, surface swimming, underwater swimming and flying (e.g., ducks, swans). Diving birds also use diving locomotion (e.g., dippers, aulks). Some birds (e.g., ratites) have lost the primary locomotion of flight. The largest of these, ostriches, when being pursued by a predator, have been known to reach speeds over , and can maintain a steady speed of , which makes the ostrich the world's fastest two-legged animal: Ostriches can also locomote by swimming. Penguins either waddle on their feet or slide on their bellies across the snow, a movement called "tobogganing", which conserves energy while moving quickly. They also jump with both feet together if they want to move more quickly or cross steep or rocky terrain. To get onto land, penguins sometimes propel themselves upwards at a great speed to leap out the water.

title: List of Pakistani records in swimming

text: The Pakistani records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Pakistan, which are recognised and ratified by the Pakistan Swimming Federation.

title: List of Hawaiian records in swimming

text: The Hawaiian records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Hawaii, which are maintained by Hawaiian Swimming. Hawaii is no official Fina member, but Hawaiian Swimming is the Local Swim Committee of USA Swimming that governs the sport of swimming in the geographical area of the state of Hawaii.

title: List of Kuwaiti records in swimming

text: The records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Kuwait, which are recognised and ratified by the Kuwait Swimming Association.

title: Clidastes

text: "Clidastes" was the one of the smallest of the mosasaurs (the smallest known being "Dallasaurus"), averaging in length, with the largest specimens reaching long. The generic name refers to how the vertebral processes allow the proximal heads of the vertebrae to interlock for stability and strength during swimming. Even though the vertebrae lock together, the living animal would have still had a range of motion in the horizontal plane that is sufficient to allow for the high quality of swimming in shallow waters. Additionally the strengthening of the tail, and entire backbone, allowed for muscle attachments to help it swimming. It possessed a delicate and slim form with an expansion of the neural spines and chevrons near the tip of the tail and this enabled it to chase down the fastest of prey.

title: List of Maccabiah records in swimming

text: The International Olympic Committee and Israel Swim Association recognise the fastest performances in pool-based swimming events at the Maccabiah Games.

title: James Magnussen

text: James Magnussen (born 11 April 1991) is an Australian swimmer and Olympic medallist. He was the 2011 and 2013 100-metre freestyle world champion, and holds the fifth fastest swim in history in the 100-metre freestyle, with a time of 47.10, which until 2016 also stood as the fastest swim in textile swimwear material.

title: List of Jamaican records in swimming

text: The Jamaican Records in Swimming are the fastest times ever swum by a swimmer representing Jamaica. These records are kept by Jamaica's national swimming federation: the Amateur Swimming Association of Jamaica (ASAJ).

title: Fastest animals

text: This is a list of the fastest animals in the world, grouped by types of animal.

title: Adult Swim Brain Trust

text: Adult Swim Brain Trust (also known as Anime Talk Show) is an animated television special that aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim, on November 4, 2004. The special revolves around the unofficial pilot for "Squidbillies". It is often considered the very last episode of "Space Ghost Coast to Coast" since it follows the same format as the show, with Space Ghost interviewing guests. The short was dubbed "Anime Talk Show" due to it following the premiere of "Perfect Hair Forever", which aired in place of what was supposed to have been the premiere of "Squidbillies". It was given the official name "Adult Swim Brain Trust" when it was uploaded to YouTube and the Adult Swim website in 2012.

title: List of Filipino records in swimming

text: The Filipino records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Philippines, which are recognised and ratified by the Philippine Swimming.

title: List of South American Games records in swimming

text: The fastest times in the swimming events at the South American Games are designated as the South American Games records in swimming and maintained by the South American Swimming Confederation (CONSANAT).

title: List of South American records in swimming

text: The South American records in swimming are the fastest times ever swum by a swimmer representing a member federation of the South American Swimming Confederation (CONSANAT), South America's governing body of swimming.

title: List of Fijian records in swimming

text: The Fijian records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Fiji, which are recognised and ratified by Fiji Swimming.

title: List of Bangladeshi records in swimming

text: The Bangladeshi records in swimming are the fastest ever performances of swimmers from Bangladesh, which are recognised and ratified by the Bangladesh Swimming Federation.

title: List of European Championships records in swimming

text: The European Championships records in swimming are the fastest times ever swum in European Swimming Championships' events.


query: Is Latvia in the Euro zone?

title: Eurozone

text: The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. Other EU states (except for Denmark and the United Kingdom) are obliged to join once they meet the criteria to do so.[8] No state has left, and there are no provisions to do so or to be expelled.[9] Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City have formal agreements with the EU to use the euro as their official currency and issue their own coins.[10][11][12] Kosovo and Montenegro have adopted the euro unilaterally,[13] but these countries do not officially form part of the eurozone and do not have representation in the European Central Bank (ECB) or in the Eurogroup.[14]

title: Austerity

text: The IMF/EU program successfully concluded in December 2011. The government of Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis remained committed to fiscal prudence and reducing the fiscal deficit from 7.7% of GDP in 2010, to 2.7% of GDP in 2012." The CIA estimated that Latvia's GDP declined by 0.3% in 2010, then grew by 5.5% in 2011 and 4.5% in 2012. Unemployment was 12.8% in 2011 and rose to 14.3% in 2012. Latvia's currency, the Lati, fell from $0.47 per U.S. dollar in 2008 to $0.55 in 2012, a decline of 17%. Latvia entered the euro zone in 2014. Latvia's trade deficit improved from over 20% of GDP in 2006 to 2007 to under 2% GDP by 2012.

title: Latvian euro coins

text: Some members of Latvia's parliament, the Saeima, originally pushed for a referendum on euro adoption, but Latvian Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis argued that a referendum is unnecessary because Latvians already voted in favour of their EU accession treaty in 2003, which binds them to adopt the euro as soon as the country is found to comply with all the convergence criteria. He argued that, given the legal obligation, a referendum could only serve to delay or prevent euro adoption. According to Latvian law, if more than 1/3 of all members of parliament object to a bill, and propose an alternative bill within two weeks of the original bill being passed by parliament, a referendum can be called to allow the public to decide between the two bills. On 31 January 2013, the Latvian parliament passed its "euro adoption bill". Four days later, the biggest opposition party, Harmony Center, stated that it would not support the alternative "referendum bill", which was tabled by the other opposition party, Union of Greens and Farmers. Shortly after this, on 9 February, the referendum proposal had only gathered the support of 4 out of the Saeima's 100 members. These MPs stated that they would turn to the last remaining legal option to force a referendum: gathering a petition of at least 30,000 electoral signatories. Latvia officially requested an extraordinary convergence report to assess their readiness for euro adoption on 4 March 2013. Latvia's Central Election Commission rejected the proposed referendum on 18 March, as the proposed bill was considered not to comply with the Latvian constitution or Latvia's international obligations.

title: Slovak euro coins

text: On 3 June 2008 European Union finance ministers gave Slovakia the green light to join the euro zone in 2009 while urging the country to be ready to fight inflation with tight fiscal policies. "We are happy to see Slovakia join the euro zone on January 1, 2009," Jean-Claude Juncker, who chairs the Eurogroup of euro zone finance ministers, told reporters.

title: Latvian euro coins

text: Before Latvia could adopt the euro, it had to meet five convergence criteria set by the EU. An assessment by the European Central Bank (ECB) in April 2012 found that Latvia met three of the five criteria. The Latvian Finance Minister announced in December 2012 that since convergence checks were only conducted biennially, an extraordinary report would be requested in February 2013, but in January 2013 Prime Minister Dombrovskis stated that for "technical reasons" the request had been delayed until March. However, he was confident that Latvia was "fulfilling the Maastricht euro adoption criteria with a considerable reserve, therefore I don't see any basis on which this convergence report would be negative." The Latvian government formally applied for a convergence check at the beginning of March, and the resulting convergence report, published on 5 June 2013 by the European Commission, concluded that "the Commission considers that Latvia fulfils the conditions for the adoption of the euro." The ECB simultaneously published a report which noted that "Latvia is within the reference values of the convergence criteria". Latvia's adoption of the euro, a legal obligation now that the convergence criteria have been met, was given final approval by the Economic and Financial Affairs Council on 9 July, and the lats was replaced with the euro on 1 January 2014. The Euro switchover ceremony took place at a site where Latvia’s crisis began – the former headquarters of the collapsed Parex bank, now headquarters of state-owned Citatele bank, which emerged from Parex’s ruins.

title: Jevgeņijs Miļevskis

text: Miļevskis also played 3 games for Latvia in Euro 1996 qualifiers and scored the single Latvia goal in a 1:3 defeat against Portugal.

title: Liepāja Special Economic Zone

text: Liepāja Special Economic Zone () - is a zone in Liepāja, Latvia with a lowered tax rates, compared to the rest of the territory of Latvia. Liepāja Special Economic zone was established in 1997 for a 20-year period with the aim of developing trade, industry, shipping and air traffic, as well as international freight flow via Latvia. The goal of the Liepāja SEZ is to attract investments for the development of manufacturing and infrastructure, and creation of new jobs.

title: David Folkerts-Landau

text: In 2010 Folkerts-Landau predicted that the Euro-zone would survive the debt crisis. "We believe that the Euro-zone will survive this current crisis. (…) [T]here is no way the political and financial leadership of the core Euro-zone countries are going to sacrifice the whole single currency project over a default by Greece or Portugal".

title: Latvia

text: Latvia is a member of the World Trade Organization (1999) and the European Union (2004). On 1 January 2014, the Euro became the country's currency, superseding the Lats. According to statistics in late 2013, 45% of the population supported the introduction of the euro, while 52% opposed it. Following the introduction of the Euro, Eurobarometer surveys in January 2014 showed support for the Euro to be around 53%, close to the European average.

title: Jurijs Andrejevs

text: He started working with the Latvia national team in 2001 as assistant to Aleksandrs Starkovs. He was assistant manager when Latvia qualified for and played in Euro 2004, held in Portugal. When Starkovs moved to Russia in 2004 with Spartak Moscow he also gave up his post as Latvia manager on 17 November and Andrejevs was promoted in his place by the Latvian Football Federation Latvia lost the first match with him in charge to Oman, 3–2, in Bahrain. However, Andrejevs had used the match to give fringe squad players a chance to play. Latvia won the King's Cup in Thailand in 2005. He resigned as Latvia manager following a 1–0 defeat on 28 March 2007 to Liechtenstein in a Euro 2008 qualifying match. It was only Liechtensteins second ever win in the competition

title: Konstantin Kosachev

text: In November 2011, he expressed the view that the European Monetary Union (euro zone) leave Greece, Hungary, Portugal, Ireland, Spain, Italy and Latvia, because these countries have a huge government debt. At that time, neither Latvia nor Hungary is not part of the Eurozone.

title: Latvian euro coins

text: A tender for minting the Latvian euro coins began on 20 September 2012. On 10 December 2012, it was announced that Latvia will utilise the Baden-Württemberg Mint. The coins were minted in Stuttgart except the 1 cent, 10 cent and 1 euro coins, which were minted in Karlsruhe. The production of Latvian euros began in July 2013.

title: Andrejs Butriks

text: In October 2007 Butriks was called up to the Latvia squad for their UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying Group F match against Iceland on 13 October, but he did not play in the match. He made his debut for Latvia on 17 October in their Euro 2008 qualifying match against Denmark, when he came on as a substitute in the 63rd minute. All in all, he collected 4 international appearances for Latvia.

title: Bank of Latvia

text: Membership in the EU also envisages joining EMU and the euro. After joining the EU, Latvia had to demonstrate its ability to meet the EMU accession criteria. One of these criteria was the two-year membership of the Exchange Rate Mechanism II (ERM II). Latvia joined it on May 2, 2005. ERM II means that at least two years before the euro changeover, the lats had been pegged to euro and the exchange rate of the lats against the euro may fluctuate by no more than +/- 15% against the lats pegging rate in euro.

title: Latvia–Russia border

text: Latvia–Russia border is the state border between Republic of Latvia (EU member) and the Russian Federation (CIS member). The length of the border is 214 km. The access-restricted Border Security Zone of Russia lies along the border on the Russian side. In order to visit this zone, a permit issued by the local FSB department is required (the only exceptions are international border transit points).

title: Latvian euro coins

text:
Latvia replaced its previous currency, the lats, with the euro on 1 January 2014, after a European Union (EU) assessment in June 2013 asserted that the country had met all convergence criteria necessary for euro adoption.
The adoption process began 1 May 2004, when Latvia joined the European Union, entering the EU's Economic and Monetary Union. At the start of 2005, the lats was pegged to the euro at Ls 0.702804 = €1, and Latvia joined the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM ll), four months later on 2 May 2005.

title: Latvia national football team

text: In September 2003, Latvia surprisingly finished second, ahead of Poland, in their qualifying group for Euro 2004. This meant they qualified for the play-offs, where they were drawn against Turkey. Latvia won the first leg 1–0, through top goalscorer, Māris Verpakovskis. The second leg finished in a 2–2 draw, with Latvia winning 3–2 on aggregate, thus qualifying for the tournament. This resulted in Latvia being the first and only Baltic team qualifying for a European Championship. At the Euro 2004, Latvia were drawn in Group D, alongside Germany, Czech Republic, and Netherlands. Latvia faced Czech Republic in their opening match on 15 June 2004, with Verpakovskis scoring before half-time. However, the Czechs would later come back to win the game 2–1. Four days later, Latvia earned a respectable 0–0 draw against Germany to earn their first point in a major tournament. They lost their final match with 3–0 against Netherlands, and were eliminated, finishing fourth, with one point from their draw and two losses.

title: Māris Verpakovskis

text: Verpakovskis made his debut for Latvia on 9 September 1999 in a 2–1 victory over Greece, scoring in that match. He rose to international prominence as the highest goalscorer for Latvia in their successful UEFA Euro 2004 qualification campaign, with 6 goals in 10 matches. He scored once for Latvia in Euro 2004 and nearly scored what could have been a candidate for goal of the tournament against Germany, dribbling on a weaving run from the half way line and beating four German players. Verpakovskis is regarded as the most popular Latvian footballer having surpassed Marians Pahars as his country's most recognisable player. He is currently the leading all-time top goal scorer for Latvia, with 29 goals (). Verpakovskis was Latvia's top scorer in FIFA World Cup 2006 qualification, UEFA Euro 2008 qualification, as well as the FIFA World Cup 2010 qualification. On September 2013, Verpakovskis won his 100th cap for the Latvian national team in a 1–0 World Cup qualifying defeat to Greece. On 29 May 2014 Verpakovskis played his last international match as Latvia beat Estonia in the semi-finals of the 2014 Baltic Cup. He was symbolically substituted by Edgars Gauračs just 13 minutes into the game and honoured by his teammates, national team's staff and supporters. After his retirement the national team's manager Marians Pahars referred to Verpakovskis as "a national team legend". All in all, internationally Verpakovskis has been capped 104 times for Latvia, scoring 29 goals. He is Latvia's all-time best scorer.

title: Latvian euro coins

text: Latvian euro coins feature three separate designs on the national side, which were publicised in July 2006 on the home page of the National Bank of Latvia. The designs featured were the Latvian maiden, which was featured on the 5 lats coin prior to World War II, on the 1 and 2 euro coins, the greater coat of arms of Latvia on the 10, 20 and 50-cent coins, and the lesser Coat of arms of Latvia on the 1, 2 and 5-cent coins. Originally, it was planned that the Freedom Monument would be featured on the 2 euro coin, but the original design did not meet the regulations of the ECB since it reached out into the ring of the coin and changed one of the stars. Latvia decided that a changed design of the monument would not be as recognisable and decided to use the Latvian maiden, used on the 1 euro coin, on the 2 euro coin as well.

title: Royal Dutch Mint

text: Since 2002 the Royal Dutch Mint has been allowed to strike coins for foreign national banks in the euro zone, and strikes coins for Latvia, Guatemala and Honduras. Furthermore, the Dutch Royal Mint produces commemorative coins and coins intended for collectors (some of these are official coins, some not) and royal medals.

title: Single Euro Payments Area

text: This scheme was launched in November 2017, and was at that time operational for end customers in eight euro zone countries, and is expected soon to be available in most euro zone countries and potentially in all SEPA countries.

title: Language and the euro

text: On introduction of the euro, Hungary—along with Lithuania, Latvia, and Slovenia—struggled for the euro to be written in its official documents according to its own usage and spelling, in contrast with Community law, which provides for a single name throughout the Union (in the nominative singular and taking account of different alphabets).

title: Dzintars Zirnis

text: Zirnis made his debut for Latvia national football team on 19 August 1997 in a 0-0 draw with Azerbaijan. In November 2003 he was a part of the Latvian team that beat Turkey over two legs to qualify for the UEFA Euro 2004 finals, for the first time qualifying for a major international tournament. and played at the finals in 2004. Zirnis was sent off in the Baltic Cup final against Lithuania in Kaunas on 22 May 2005. On 17 November 2007 he scored an own goal to give Liechtenstein the lead in a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying Group F match which Latvia eventually won 4-1. Zirnis played 68 international matches for Latvia.

title: Ina Druviete

text:
Parliamentary Activities:
Chairperson of Education, Culture and Science Committee, Parliament of Latvia (2010⎼2014);
Chairperson of Human Rights and Social Affairs Committee, Parliament of Latvia (2002⎼2004);
Head of Latvia delegation to Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly (2011⎼2014);
Member of Latvia delegation to OSCE (2010);
Member of Latvia delegation to IPU ((2006⎼2009);
Member of Latvia delegation to PACE (2002⎼2004).

title: Lithuania and the euro

text: This made it the last of the three Baltic states to adopt the euro, after Estonia (2011) and Latvia (2014). Before then, its currency, the litas, was pegged to the euro at 3.4528 litas to 1 euro.

title: List of companies of Latvia

text: Latvia is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, one of the three Baltic states. Latvia is a democratic and developed country and member of the European Union, NATO, the Council of Europe, the United Nations, CBSS, the IMF, NB8, NIB, OECD, OSCE, and WTO. For 2014, Latvia was listed 46th on the Human Development Index and as a high income country on 1 July 2014. It used the Latvian lats as its currency until it was replaced by the euro on 1 January 2014.

title: Football in Latvia

text: The Latvia national football team in 2003 qualified to Euro 2004. This resulted in being the first and currently only Baltic national team to do so. FK Ventspils is only team from Latvia, which had played in group stage of UEFA Europe League (2009–10). There isn't team from Latvia, which had played in group stage of UEFA Champions League.

title: European-Atlantic Group

text: 2018 - Strengthening Joint Euro-Atlantic Security Space - A Perspective From Latvia. H.E. Ms Baiba Braže, Ambassador of the Republic of Latvia to the U.K.

title: Latvian euro coins

text: Latvia's Treaty of Accession to the European Union (EU) obliged it to eventually adopt the euro. Latvia had originally planned to adopt the euro on 1 January 2008, but for various reasons this was subsequently delayed several times. After being elected in 2011, Latvian President Andris Bērziņš announced the official goal was for Latvia to join the eurozone in 2014, saying "personally I'm very optimistic we'll join the euro on 1 January 2014. It's our goal and we are working hard to implement this process." In September 2012, Latvian Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis reiterated that "Latvia is on track for 2014 and permission to join would be sought in 2013."

title: History of the euro

text: In 2010 Estonia gained the support of the European Commission, Central Bank and Parliament for accession on 1 January 2011 with Estonia adopting the currency on that date.[79][80] In 2013 Latvia gained the support of the European Commission, Central Bank and Parliament for accession on 1 January 2014 with Latvia adopting the currency on that date.[81][82] On 23 July 2014 Lithuania became the last Baltic state to gain permission to join the euro, which was adopted on 1 January 2015.[83]

title: 2016 Euro RX of Latvia

text: The 2016 Euro RX of Latvia was the eighth round of the forty-first season of the FIA European Rallycross Championship. The event was held at the Biķernieku Kompleksā Sporta Bāze in Riga, Latvia as an undercard to the 2016 World RX of Latvia and was contested by the Supercar (fifth and final round) and Super1600 (fourth round) classes. It was the first ever European Rallycross round held in Latvia.


query: When did the NFL first introduce its television blackout policies?

text: From 1973 through 2014, the NFL maintained a blackout policy that states that a home game cannot be televised in the team's local market if 85% of the tickets are not sold out 72hours prior to its start time. This makes the NFL the only major professional sports league in the US that requires teams to sell out tickets in order to broadcast a game on television locally. Although nationally televised games in the other leagues are often blacked out on the national networks on which the game is airing in the local markets of the participating teams, they can still be seen on the local broadcast TV station or regional sports network that normally holds their local/regional broadcast rights. The league blackout policy has been suspended on a year-to-year basis since 2015.

title: National Football League on television

text: Since 1973, the NFL has maintained a blackout policy that states that a home game cannot be televised locally if it is not sold out 72 hours prior to its start time. Before that, NFL games were blacked out in the home team's market even if the game was a sellout. The NFL is the only major professional sports league in North America that requires teams to sell out in order to broadcast a game on television locally, after INDYCAR lifted the blackout of the Indianapolis 500 in the local market for the 2016 edition.

title: NFL on CBS

text: On January 16, 1972, the Dallas Cowboys defeated the Miami Dolphins 24–3 in Super Bowl VI in New Orleans. The CBS telecast had an estimated household viewership of 27,450,000 homes, the highest-rated single-day telecast ever at the time. Although Tulane Stadium was sold out for the game, unconditional blackout rules in the NFL prohibited the live telecast from being shown in the New Orleans market. This would be the last Super Bowl to be blacked out in the television market in which the game was played. The following year, the NFL allowed Super Bowl VII to be televised live in the host city (Los Angeles) when all tickets were sold. In 1973, the NFL changed its blackout policy to allow games to be broadcast in the home team's market if tickets are sold out 72 hours in advance (all Super Bowls since the second have sold out, as it is the main event on the NFL schedule, and there is high demand for Super Bowl tickets).

title: Blackout (broadcasting)

text: This policy attracted controversy in December 2007, when Hartford, Connecticut CBS affiliate WFSB was refused permission to air the local simulcast of a New England Patriots-New York Giants game on December 29, 2007. The game, which was part of the "Thursday Night Football" package on NFL Network, would see the Patriots attempt to become the first NFL team since 1972 and the expansion of the regular season to 16 games, to finish the regular season undefeated. At the time, NFL Network was available only on a sports tier of cable provider Comcast in the immediate viewing areas of the Patriots and Giants. Senator John Kerry and Rep. Ed Markey, both of the state of Massachusetts and fans of the Patriots team, wrote to the NFL as well as Comcast and Time Warner Cable, to request that the Patriots-Giants game be aired at least on basic cable in order to reach the highest possible number of television-viewing fans, citing the "potentially historic" nature of the game. Kerry clarified the next week that he did not intend to interrupt current negotiations between the cable operators and NFL.

title: Super Bowl VI

text: The following year, the NFL allowed Super Bowl VII to be televised live in the host city (Los Angeles) when all tickets were sold. In , the league changed its blackout policy to allow any game to be broadcast in the home team's market if sold out 72 hours in advance. The blackout rule has been suspended since .

title: History of the NFL Commissioner

text: He also embraced the idea of television blackouts for home teams, especially after watching the Los Angeles Rams lose money after they televised all of their 1950 season games. However, he was seen as being a little too strict when he refused to lift a blackout for Detroit viewers to watch the sold out 1957 NFL Championship between the Lions and the Cleveland Browns, claiming it would be considered "dishonest" to the paying customers.

title: 1962 NFL Championship Game

text: Due to the NFL's blackout policy which aimed to protect gate receipts, until , fans in a team's home market could not watch their team's regular season and playoff games on television, even if they were title games. New York fans made reservations for motels in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Connecticut so they could watch the game out of the blackout zone, and even though the game was played in temperatures with winds, only 299 of the 65,000+ Giant fans who bought tickets to the sold out game stayed home.

title: Blackout (broadcasting)

text: The suspension came a year after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ended a policy that formally forbade multichannel television providers from distributing telecasts of sporting events that had been blacked out by local broadcast television stations. Then-FCC chairman Tom Wheeler considered such policies to be "obsolete". The policies are still enforced via contractual agreements between the NFL and its media partners.

text: The policy was in effect when, in 1972, the Washington Redskins made the playoffs for only the second time in 27 seasons. Because all home games were blacked-out, politicians – including President Richard Nixon, a devout football fan – were not able to watch their favorite team's home games. NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle refused to lift the blackout for the NFC Championship Game, despite a plea from United States Attorney General Richard Kleindienst. Kleindienst went on to suggest that the United States Congress re-evaluate the NFL's antitrust exemption.

text: In 2005, for the first time in its history, the NFL lifted the blackout policies for a team: the New Orleans Saints. Due to damage caused by Hurricane Katrina, the Saints split their home games between Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, Tiger Stadium at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, and the Alamodome in San Antonio, with most home games being played in Baton Rouge. Baton Rouge is a secondary market for the Saints and is subject to blackouts when games held at the Superdome carried by over-the-air networks do not sell out, since CBS affiliate WAFB and Fox affiliate WGMB reach within 75miles of the Superdome, even though the city limits of Baton Rouge are more than 75miles from the stadium (the Baton Rouge DMA is not subjected to a blackout when Saints games televised by ESPN or the NFL Network do not sell out).

text: Ultimately, no games would be blacked out at all during the 2014 season.[10] On March 23, 2015, the NFL's owners voted to suspend the blackout rules for the 2015 NFL season, meaning that all games would be televised in their home markets, regardless of ticket sales.[10] The suspension will continue into the 2016 season; commissioner Roger Goodell stated that the league needed to further investigate the impact of removing the blackout rules before such a change is made permanent.[11] While the league never explicitly stated such, the blackout suspension will continue into 2017.[12]

text: Furthermore, the NFL is the only league that imposes an anti-siphoning rule in all teams' local markets: the NFL sells syndication rights of each team's Thursday and Monday night games to a local over-the-air station in each local market. The respective cable station must be blacked out when that team is playing the said game.

text: The New York and San Francisco Bay Area markets typically get fewer doubleheaders than other markets as those markets each have two teams, and one of them is playing at home virtually every week. The main exception is when one of the teams is idle, has its home game televised on the doubleheader network, or is chosen for a prime time game, as well as when the teams play each other on the network carrying a doubleheader or if a team is playing in the International Series. This policy affects only the franchise's primary market, not others with signals that penetrate inside the 75-mile radius. It also does not affect viewers of NFL Sunday Ticket in the primary market; all other games remain available.

title: National Football League on television

text: The NFL imposes several television and blackout policies to maximize ratings and optimize stadium attendances.

title: National Football League

text: Through the 2014 season, the NFL had a blackout policy in which games were 'blacked out' on local television in the home team's area if the home stadium was not sold out. Clubs could elect to set this requirement at only 85%, but they would have to give more ticket revenue to the visiting team; teams could also request a specific exemption from the NFL for the game. The vast majority of NFL games were not blacked out; only 6% of games were blacked out during the 2011 season,[104] and only two games were blacked out in 2013 and none in 2014.[105] The NFL announced in March 2015 that it would suspend its blackout policy for at least the 2015 season.[105] According to Nielsen, the NFL regular season since 2012 was watched by at least 200 million individuals, accounting for 80% of all television households in the United States and 69% of all potential viewers in the United States. NFL regular season games accounted for 31 out of the top 32 most-watched programs in the fall season and an NFL game ranked as the most-watched television show in all 17 weeks of the regular season. At the local level, NFL games were the highest-ranked shows in NFL markets 92% of the time.[106] Super Bowls account for the 22 most-watched programs (based on total audience) in US history, including a record 167million people that watched Super Bowl XLVIII, the conclusion to the 2013 season.[107]

title: NFL Sunday Ticket

text: Until the end of the 2014 season, if a game the viewer wished to watch was blacked out in their home market because it was not sold out, the game remained blacked out on NFL Sunday Ticket. Games joined or switched away from in progress usually had their blackout status altered immediately. The NFL suspended the local blackout policy for the 2015 NFL regular season, and has since done so indefinitely.

text: The NFL authorized a new rule loosening the league's blackout restrictions during the 2012 offseason. Under the new rule, for the first time in NFL history, the ticket sales provision no longer requires a stadium to be sold out in order for a game to be televised; instead, teams are allowed to set a benchmark of anywhere from 85% to 100% of the stadium's non-premium seats. Any seats sold beyond that benchmark will be subject to heavier revenue sharing.[5] While most teams participate in the new blackout rules, four teams – the Buffalo Bills, Cleveland Browns, Indianapolis Colts and Los Angeles Chargers – continue to follow the previous blackout rule, as under the 2012 rule modification, the teams would be required to pay a higher percentage of gate fees to the NFL's revenue fund.[6]

title: National Football League on television

text: Until September 2014, the NFL blackout rules were sanctioned by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which enforced rules requiring cable and satellite providers to not distribute any sports telecast that had been blacked out by a broadcast television station within their market of service. On September 9, 2014, "USA Today" published an editorial from FCC chairman Tom Wheeler, who stated that "sports blackout rules are obsolete and have to go", and that he was submitting a proposal to "get rid of the FCC's blackout rules once and for all", to be voted on by the agency's members on September 30 of that year. On September 30, 2014, the Commission voted unanimously to repeal the FCC's blackout rules. However, the removal of these rules are, to an extent, purely symbolic; the NFL can still enforce its blackout policies on a contractual basis with television networks, stations, and service providers – a process made feasible by the large amount of leverage the league places on its media partners.

text: Until September 2014, the NFL blackout rules were sanctioned by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which enforced rules requiring cable and satellite providers to not distribute any sports telecast that had been blacked out by a broadcast television station within their market of service. On September 9, 2014, USA Today published an editorial from FCC chairman Tom Wheeler, which stated that he was submitting a proposal to "get rid of the FCC's blackout rules once and for all", to be voted on by the agency's members on September 30 of that year, declaring such policies to be "obsolete".[7] On September 30, 2014, the Commission voted unanimously to repeal the FCC's blackout rules. However, the removal of these rules are, to an extent, purely symbolic; the NFL can still enforce its blackout policies on a contractual basis with television networks, stations, and service providers – a process made feasible by the large amount of leverage the league places on its media partners.[8][9]

title: WJBK

text: WJBK has had a long-standing relationship with the NFL's Detroit Lions, having carried most of its games since 1956, when CBS started airing NFL games. Except for the first three months of the 1994 season, it has been the unofficial regular-season "home" station of the Lions ever since. For the first 15 weeks of the 1994 season, the games aired on lame-duck Fox outlet WKBD. However, regular season home games are subject to the NFL's local television blackout policy. This occurred five times during the Lions' winless season of 2008 when five home games were blacked out due to low ticket sales. However, in 2015, the NFL decided to lift the blackout rules on an experimental basis, meaning that Lions games were shown on Channel 2 regardless of ticket sales; this policy was continued the next season in 2016 as well, and has continued indefenitely as of 2018.

text: Conversely, the NFL has sold out well over 90% of games in recent seasons. Additionally, many teams sell out their entire regular season schedule before it begins (usually through season-ticket sales; at least half of all NFL teams have a season-ticket waiting list), and so there is no threat of a blackout in those markets.

title: NFL preseason

text: Exhibition games are almost exclusively played at night due to hot summer weather, and are frequently scheduled based on local convenience (e.g. games on the west coast tend to start at 7:00 p.m. PT/10:00 p.m. ET). When applicable, the NFL's blackout restrictions apply, although stations are allowed to play the game on a tape delay if the game does not sell out (unlike the regular season policy, when rights revert to NFL Films). However, the blackout restrictions have never been applied since 2015 as a result of a passed vote during the league's owners' meeting in March in which the league, as an experiment because no regular season games in the 2014 season were blacked out and an FCC vote in September 2014 to no longer enforce blackouts, eliminated blackout rules for at least the last two seasons. Many more exhibition games fail to sell out than do regular-season games.

title: NFL season ticket waiting lists

text: From 1973 to 2014, the waiting lists also had the by-product of preventing any home games of certain teams from being blacked out on local television. Under the league's blackout policy, home games were required to be sold out within 72 hours of kickoff before a telecast was allowed, and the longest waiting lists have ensured every home game of the applicable teams being locally televised. Prior to 1973, home games could not be locally televised even if they were sold out. Four teams have had the benefit of not seeing any blackouts "at all" since 1972 (excluding playoff games, which are not covered under season ticket purchases). This restriction was lifted by the FCC in October 2014, and the league followed suit by suspending its blackout policy for 2015.

title: National Football League on television

text: Ultimately, no games would be blacked out at all during the 2014 season. On March 23, 2015, the NFL's owners voted to suspend the blackout rules for the 2015 NFL season, meaning that all games will be televised in their home markets, regardless of ticket sales. The blackout rule was again suspended for the 2016 NFL season.

text: Another policy to encourage sellouts is, except in Week 17, no other NFL game can air opposite the local franchise's broadcast on the primary market's affiliate due to NFL rules or due to a blackout.

title: 2017 NFL season

text: Although never explicitly announced, the league continued the moratorium on its blackout policy, ensuring all games would be televised in the market of their home teams regardless of ticket sales.

text: The National Football League television blackout policies are the strictest television blackout policies among the four major professional sports leagues in North America.

text: Tickets in premium club sections and luxury suites have been excluded from the blackout rule (indeed modern NFL stadiums have reduced general seating in favor of club seating and luxury suites, as this makes it easier to sell out the stadium and avoid blackouts, and this revenue does not have to be shared with other franchises), as have unused tickets allocated to the visiting team. Alternatively, some NFL teams have arrangements with local television stations or businesses (often sponsors of the team and/or its local broadcasts) to purchase unsold tickets. Teams themselves are allowed to purchase remaining non-premium tickets at 34¢ on the dollar (the portion subject to revenue sharing) to prevent a blackout.[3][4] Teams can also lift the blackout on their own; this has occasionally been done in cases of stormy weather on game days.

title: Detroit Lions

text: The Lions' winless performance in 2008 and 2–14 season in 2009, coupled with the effects of the Great Recession in Michigan, led to several local broadcast blackouts, as local fans did not purchase enough tickets by the 72-hour blackout deadline. In 2008, five of the Lions' final six home games of the season did not sell out, with the Thanksgiving game being the exception. The first blackout in the then seven-year history of Ford Field was on October 26, 2008, against the Washington Redskins. The previous 50 regular season home games had been sellouts. The second home game of the 2009 season in which the Lions broke the losing streak (also against the Washington Redskins) was blacked out locally, as well as the comeback victory over the Cleveland Browns. The Lions had only one blackout in 2010, yet another Washington Redskins game, which the Lions won 37–25. However, in 2015, the NFL suspended its blackout policies, meaning that all Lions games will be shown on local TV, regardless of tickets sold.

title: Super Bowl VII

text: This was the first Super Bowl to be televised live in the city in which it was being played. Despite unconditional blackout rules in the NFL that normally would have prohibited the live telecast from being shown locally, the NFL allowed the game to be telecast in the Los Angeles area on an experimental basis when all tickets for the game were sold. The league then changed its blackout rules the following season to allow any game sold out at least 72 hours in advance to be televised in the host market. No subsequent Super Bowl has ever been blacked out under this rule, as all have been sold out (owing to its status as the marquee event on the NFL schedule, meaning that tickets sell out quickly).


query: What is a crime drama?

title: Crime film

text: Crime films, in the broadest sense, are a cinematic genre inspired by and analogous to the crime fiction literary genre. Films of this genre generally involve various aspects of crime and its detection. Stylistically, the genre may overlap and combine with many other genres, such as drama or gangster film[1], but also include comedy, and, in turn, is divided into many sub-genres, such as mystery, suspense or noir.

title: Katrin Pärn

text: Katrin Pärn made her television debut as an actress in 2007 on an episode of the Eesti Televisioon (ETV) crime-drama series "Ohtlik lend". She would go on to make appearances in several popular Estonian series such as the Kanal 2 crime-drama "Kelgukoerad" in 2010; the Kanal 2 crime-drama "Viimane võmm" in 2014; and the Kanal 2 drama "Restart" in 2015.

title: Ain Mäeots

text: Ain Mäeots' first substantial role as a television actor came in 1995, playing the role of Juhan Pukspuu in the 1995 Vilja Palm directed Eesti Televisioon (ETV) period drama mini-series "Wikmani poised", adapted from the 1988 semi-autobiographical Jaan Kross novel of the same name. Mäeots has also made appearances on a number of television series including: the long-running drama serial "Õnne 13" in 2003, the ETV crime drama "Ohtlik lend" in 2007, the ETV political satire series "Riigimehed" in 2010, the Kanal 2 crime drama aeries "Viimane võmm" in 2015, and the ETV drama "Vabad mehed" in 2015. In 2012, Mäeots plated the character Peeter Tahel in four episodes of the popular TV3 comedy-crime series "Kättemaksukontor".

title: Sex and the law

text: Sex crimes are forms of human sexual behavior that are crimes. Someone who commits one is said to be a "sex offender". Some sex crimes are crimes of violence that involve sex. Others are violations of social taboos, such as incest, sodomy, indecent exposure or exhibitionism. There is much variation among cultures as to what is considered a crime or not, and in what ways or to what extent crimes are punished.

title: Ville Virtanen (actor)

text: He is known for his main roles in Nelonen's crime drama "Sincerely Yours in Cold Blood" (2000–2005), SVT's crime drama "Jordskott" (2015), and YLE's and Netflix's crime drama "Bordertown" (2016–). He has starred in several movies, including "The Winter War" (1989), "Christmas Story" (2007) and "Bad Family" (2010).

title: Lee Tae-min

text: In August 2017, Taemin's first Japanese drama, "Final Life: Even If You Disappear Tomorrow", was announced. The crime drama directed by Masatoshi Kurakata and Takeshi Maruyama is an original Japanese work of Amazon Prime Video and was released in September. It stars Taemin and Shota Matsuda. The soundtrack for the drama, "What's This Feeling" is also sung by Taemin.

title: Karin Rask

text: Rask has also appeared on several Estonian television series; most notably as Lucy on the TV3 drama "Kodu keset linna" in 2003, and again from 2005 to 2006; as Triin Mets on the popular Kanal 2 crime drama "Kelgukoerad" from 2007 until 2008; and as Kiku on the TV3 drama "Nurjatud tüdrukud" in 2012. Other appearances on television series include three appearances on the TV3 comedy crime series "Kättemaksukontor" in 2009 and 2013, and a 2014 appearance on the Kanal 2 crime drama "Viimane võmm". In 2017, she had a starring role as Eva in the Kanal 2 drama-mystery series "Nukumaja".

title: Lindsay Frost

text: Frost played the role of Betsy Stewart Andropoulos on the daytime soap opera "As the World Turns" from 1984 to 1988, a role which was previously played by actress Meg Ryan. She also played Dr. Jesse Lane in the drama "Birdland", Sergeant Helen Sullivan in the crime drama "High Incident", Fay Pernovick in the drama "Nightmare Cafe", and Claire Stark in the crime drama "Shark".

title: Alo Kõrve

text: Alo Kõrve has made frequent appearances on Estonian television, beginning with a small role as Mario in an episode of the Eesti Televisioon (ETV) crime-drama series "Ohtlik lend" in 2006. He has made other appearances on such television series as the TV3 drama "Helena", the popular TV3 comedy-crime series "Kättemaksukontor", the Kanal 2 crime-drama series "Viimane võmm", and the ETV drama "Mustad lesed". Kõrve is possibly best recalled, however, for his recurring role as Sven Uudas on the Kanal 2 drama series "Restart", beginning in 2015.

title: Alexander Arnold (actor)

text: He starred in a two-part ITV drama called "A Mother's Son", written by Chris Lang and first screened in September 2012. In 2013, he appeared in the BBC Three zombie drama "In the Flesh", and in the third series of crime drama "Vera". He also earned a starring role as Adam in the television series "What Remains". In 2015, he joined the cast of "Poldark", a new BBC series based on The Poldark Novels.

title: What Price Crime

text: What Price Crime or What Price Crime? is a 1935 American crime film directed by  Albert Herman and starring  Charles Starrett, Noel Madison and Virginia Cherrill.

text: The episode was cited at the 2011 Television Academy Honors for exemplifying "Television with a Conscience". The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences praised the episode for "master[ing] the gut-wrenching crime of sexual assault". "Private Practice" received the award in 2010 for its approach to physician-assisted suicide in the second-season episode, "Nothing to Fear", and a drama-series Women's Image Network Award at the 13th annual WIN awards. "Did You Hear What Happened to Charlotte King?" was a finalist for the Sentinel for Health Award for Primetime Drama (Major Storyline) for its representation of rape, losing to the "Parenthood" episode "Qualities and Difficulties" (which focused on Asperger syndrome). The show was nominated for the PRISM Award for Drama Series Multi-Episode Storyline (Mental Health) for "Did You Hear What Happened to Charlotte King?" and the following episodes, "What Happens Next" and "Can't Find My Way Back Home", losing to the first two seasons of "Parenthood".

title: Richard Denning

text: Denning later appeared in several 'B' crime drama films before starring in a number of science fiction and horror films. In 1957, he began the first of what would become a steady series of television appearances, usually as a supporting character, though he did star briefly in two television dramas, "The Flying Doctor" (1959), and "Michael Shayne" (1960–61).

title: Ethan Hawke

text: The following year, Hawke starred with Mark Ruffalo in the crime drama "What Doesn't Kill You". Despite the favorable reception, the film was not given a proper theatrical release due to the bankruptcy of its distributor. In 2009, Hawke appeared in two features: "New York, I Love You", a romance movie comprising 12 short films, and "Staten Island", a crime drama co-starring Vincent D'Onofrio and Seymour Cassel.

title: Tope Tedela

text: Tedela starred in these well-received films in 2017——the epic King Invincible, the comedy-crime/heist film Ojukokoro and the action-drama Slow Country. He will also make his producing debut with the drama thriller film What Lies Within.

title: Crime film

text: Witness for the Prosecution is a classic example of a "courtroom drama". In a courtroom drama, a charge is brought against one of the main characters, who claims to be innocent. Another major part is played by the lawyer (in England a barrister) representing the defendant in court and battling with the public prosecutor. He or she may enlist the services of a private investigator to find out what really happened and who the real perpetrator is. However, in most cases it is not clear at all whether the accused is guilty of the crime or not—this is how suspense is created.

title: BBC television drama

text: Whenever writers and media analysts criticise the current state of British and particularly BBC television drama, it is frequently the 1960s and 1970s period which they cite as being the most important and influential, with a vast variety of genres (science fiction, crime, historical, family based) and types of programme (series, serials, one-offs, anthologies) being produced. "What may justly be rated as the golden age of television drama reached its zenith," as "The Guardian" described it in their 2004 obituary of Sutton. Or in the words of the Royal Television Society, "...an era that championed new writers, young directors and challenging drama. The amazing diversity... helped to make it the golden age of broadcasting."

title: Helen Bailey

text: In January 2019 it was announced that Stewart is to be the subject of the first episode of the true crime drama "What The Killer Did Next", to be broadcast in February 2019 and presented by Philip Glenister.

title: Bones (TV series)

text: Bones was nominated for two awards at the 37th People's Choice Awards, for Favorite TV Crime Drama and Emily Deschanel for Favorite TV Crime Fighter.[61] The series received three nominations at the 38th People's Choice Awards, for Favorite TV Crime Drama, David Boreanaz for Favorite TV Drama Actor and Emily Deschanel for Favorite TV Drama Actress.[62] The series received two nominations at the 42nd People's Choice Awards, for Favorite TV Crime Drama and Emily Deschanel for Favorite TV Crime Drama Actress.[63]

title: Christopher Dark

text: In 1957 and 1958, Dark guest starred in two episodes of David Janssen's crime drama, "Richard Diamond, Private Detective", as the lead in "The Mickey Farmer Case" and then as Rudi Trekhala in "Widow's Walk". About this time, he also guest starred on John Bromfield's crime drama, "U.S. Marshal". In 1957, he played Sgt. Al Zavala in four episodes of the syndicated crime drama, "Code 3", with Richard Travis in the lead role of assistant Sheriff Rodger Barnett.

title: Crime of Passion (1957 film)

text: Crime of Passion is a 1957 American film noir crime drama directed by Gerd Oswald and written by Jo Eisinger. The drama features Barbara Stanwyck, Sterling Hayden and Raymond Burr.

title: Barbara Stuart

text:
She guest starred in numerous television series, including two Rod Cameron syndicated crime dramas, "State Trooper" and "Coronado 9". She appeared in three episodes of
the television crime drama "Peter Gunn". She appeared as Mrs. Bugsy McKenna in the episode "Bugsy" of the CBS crime drama "Mr. Lucky", with John Vivyan, who had also appeared on "The Lawless Years".

title: What Remains (TV series)

text: Gerard O'Donovan, writing for "The Daily Telegraph", said"What Remains" served up such a thumper it made me very glad I'd persisted through the four, at times glacially slow-moving, episodes that built inexorably up to its inventively baroque denouement. There's been a rash of highly original crime-drama finales this year ("Broadchurch", "The Fall", "Top of the Lake", Southfield) and this wasn't far short of the best. Sure, it was contrived, and convoluted to boot. But it delivered such a smack of satisfaction, most other niggles could be forgiven. "The Guardian" Sam Wollaston said "In trying to tie up its ends, others have come loose, so what you're left with is a bit of a frayed, knotty mess. Disappointing at the end then, but mainly because what came before had been so very good." "The Independent" called it "a reassuringly baroque and nail-biting end to a brilliant crime drama". Keith Watson for "Metro" said "What Remains" "was a brave attempt to combine a murder mystery with human drama and, to its credit, there was a genuinely disorienting sense of uncertainty about a closing sequence that packed more action into ten minutes than the previous three hours and 50 minutes." Ben Walsh of "The Independent" gave it four out of five stars and said "David Threlfall excels as the retired detective who can't let this case go, and, up until the bonkers and gothic last 10 minutes, this is beautifully paced TV."

title: Mart Toome

text: Mart Toome made his television debut on an episode of the TV3 drama series "Kodu keset linna" in 2003. This was followed by another small role on the Eesti Televisioon (ETV) children's television series "Buratino tegutseb jälle" the same year. In 2006, Toome appeared in the role of Taavi on an episode of the ETV crime-drama series "Ohtlik lend". Toome has also made appearances on several other Estonian television series, including the Kanal 2 crime-drama "Kelgukoerad" in 2007 and again in 2010, on the popular TV3 comedy-crime series "Kättemaksukontor" in 2010 and 2015, and a 2015 appearance on the Kanal 2 crime-drama series "Viimane võmm".

title: Capital punishment debate in the United States

text: News coverage has been found to shape people's understandings of the death penalty and specific cases of legally sanctioned execution. Dramatic television has also been found to have significant bearings on people's understandings of and actions pertaining to capital punishment. Viewing police reality shows and television news programs, one's viewership of crime dramas affects their support of the death penalty. In fact, people's viewership of crime dramas has been associated with completely altering people's pre-existing convictions about the death penalty. More to the point, crime dramas are able to reframe cases in ways that correspond with people's broader ideological beliefs, while challenging and changing their specific beliefs about execution. For example, people who identify as liberals have historically been against the death penalty, but crime dramas like Law and Order reframe criminal cases in a way that associates the death penalty with another closely held liberal value, such as the safety and protection of women. In doing so, crime dramas are able to appeal to and sustain people's ideological beliefs, while simultaneously influencing and altering their stances on the death penalty.

title: Tiit Sukk

text: Other small appearances on serial television include the ETV crime drama "Ohtlik lend" in 2006; the Kanal 2 crime drama "Kelgukoerad" in 2008; one episode of the ETV period drama mini-series "Tuulepealne maa" in 2008; two episodes of the popular TV3 crime-comedy "Kättemaksukontor" in 2009; a 2010 episode of the ETV mini-series "Klass - Elu pärast", which was a follow-up on the 2007 Ilmar Raag directed feature film drama "Klass" about high school bullying which resulted in a school shooting; the TV3 drama "Elu keset linna" in 2012; and the ETV drama "Mustad lesed" in 2015.

title: Oh, What a Night (1944 film)

text: Oh, What A Night is a 1944 crime drama starring Edmund Lowe & Jean Parker and directed by William Beaudine.

title: The Crime Hunters

text: The Crime Hunters (心网追凶) is a Singaporean Chinese crime drama which was broadcast in 2004. Unlike earlier crime dramas produced by MediaCorp, this series was focused more on forensic investigators rather than police officers.

title: Crime fiction

text: Crime fiction is a literary genre that fictionalises crimes, their detection, criminals, and their motives. It is usually distinguished from mainstream fiction and other genres such as historical fiction or science fiction, but the boundaries are indistinct. Crime fiction has multiple subgenres, including detective fiction (such as the whodunit), courtroom drama, hard-boiled fiction and legal thrillers. Most crime drama focuses on crime investigation and does not feature the court room. Suspense and mystery are key elements that are nearly ubiquitous to the genre.

title: Amanda Peet

text: Peet starred as an attorney who stays home to raise a new baby in the romantic comedy "The Ex" (2007), which went unnoticed by critics and audiences. In 2008, she starred in the mystery drama "" (2008), as a FBI agent, the dramedy "Five Dollars a Day" (2008), as the girlfriend of a seemingly successful man, and the crime drama "What Doesn't Kill You", as the wife of a Boston criminal. "What Doesn't Kill You" was her best reviewed film of 2008, with Lisa Schwarzbaum of "Entertainment Weekly", writing that Peet "is terrific as Brian's worn-down wife, sick of seeing her man disappear before her eyes."

title: Domestic drama

text: Domestic drama expresses and focuses on the realistic everyday lives of middle or lower classes in a certain society, generally referring to the post-Renaissance eras. According to the "English Communications Syllabus", domestic drama refers to a dramatic story containing an emphasis on its “characters' intimate relationships and their responses to [the] unfolding events in their lives.” The characters, their lives, and the events that occur within the show are usually classified as 'ordinary' events, lives, and characters, but this does not limit the extent of what domestic drama can represent. Domestic drama does, however, take the approach in which it “concerns people much like ourselves, taken from the lower and middle classes of society, who struggle with everyday problems such as poverty, sickness, crime, and family strife.”