query: Do bees use magnetoreception?

title: Magnetoreception

text: Magnetoreception is well documented in honey bees, ants and termites.[32] In ants and bees, this is used to orient and navigate in areas around their nests and within their migratory paths.[33] For example, through the use of magnetoreception, the Brazilian stingless bee Schwarziana quadripunctata is able to distinguish differences in altitude, location, and directionality using the thousands of hair-like particles on its antennae.[34]

title: Magnetoreception

text: Magnetobiology Quantum biology §Magnetoreception Salmon run

title: Magnetoreception

text: The mollusk Tochuina tetraquetra (formerly Tritonia diomedea or Tritonia gigantea) has been studied for clues as to the neural mechanism behind magnetoreception in a species. Some of the earliest work with Tochuina showed that prior to a full moon Tochuina would orient their bodies between magnetic north and east.[25] A Y-maze was established with a right turn equal to geomagnetic south and a left turn equal to geomagnetic east. Within this geomagnetic field 80% of Tochuina made a turn to the left or magnetic east. However, when a reversed magnetic field was applied that rotated magnetic north 180° there was no significant preference for either turn, which now corresponded with magnetic north and magnetic west. These results, though interesting, do not conclusively establish that Tochuina uses magnetic fields in magnetoreception. These experiments do not include a control for the activation of the Rubens’ coil in the reversed magnetic field experiments. Therefore, it is possible that heat or noise generated by the coil was responsible for the loss of choice preference. Further work with Tochuina was unable to identify any neurons that showed rapid changes in firing as a result of magnetic fields.[26][27] However, pedal 5 neurons, two bisymmetric neurons located within the Tochuina pedal ganglion, exhibited gradual changes in firing over time following 30 minutes of magnetic stimulation provided by a Rubens’ coil. Further studies showed that pedal 7 neurons in the pedal ganglion were inhibited when exposed to magnetic fields over the course of 30 minutes. The function of both pedal 5 neurons and pedal 7 neurons is currently unknown.

title: Alfalfa

text:
Alfalfa seed production requires the presence of pollinators when the fields of alfalfa are in bloom. Alfalfa pollination is somewhat problematic, however, because western honey bees, the most commonly used pollinator, are less than ideal for this purpose; the pollen-carrying keel of the alfalfa flower trips and strikes pollinating bees on the head, which helps transfer the pollen to the foraging bee. Western honey bees, however, do not like being struck in the head repeatedly and learn to defeat this action by drawing nectar from the side of the flower. The bees thus collect the nectar, but carry no pollen, so do not pollinate the next flower they visit. Because older, experienced bees do not pollinate alfalfa well, most pollination is accomplished by young bees that have not yet learned the trick of robbing the flower without tripping the head-knocking keel. When western honey bees are used to pollinate alfalfa, the beekeeper stocks the field at a very high rate to maximize the number of young bees.
Western honey bee colonies may suffer protein stress when working alfalfa only, because of shortage of one of the amino acids comprising the pollen protein, isoleucine.
Today, the alfalfa leafcutter bee ("Megachile rotundata") is increasingly used to circumvent these problems. As a solitary but gregarious bee species, it does not build colonies or store honey, but is a very efficient pollinator of alfalfa flowers. Nesting is in individual tunnels in wooden or plastic material, supplied by the alfalfa seed growers. The leafcutter bees are used in the Pacific Northwest, while western honeybees dominate in California alfalfa seed production.

title: Magnetoreception

text: Domestic hens have iron mineral deposits in the dendrites in the upper beak and are capable of magnetoreception.[57][58] Because hens use directional information from the magnetic field of the Earth to orient in relatively small areas, this raises the possibility that beak-trimming (removal of part of the beak, to reduce injurious pecking, frequently performed on egg-laying hens) impairs the ability of hens to orient in extensive systems, or to move in and out of buildings in free-range systems.[59]

title: Schwarziana quadripunctata

text: This notion of magnetic navigational skills was first observed in a 2005 study conducted by Esquivel et al. on a "S. quadripunctata" nest near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study applied various levels of applied magnetic fields across the entrance of the nest. The exiting angles (both vertical and horizontal) of the individual bees were then measured as they emerged from the nest. The primary control experiment confirmed that the majority of the nest had a preferential exiting angle in accordance with the local geomagnetic field. Over the course of four months, the study group measured the two angles in comparison to various magnitudes of applied magnetic fields and compared them to observed angles in natural geomagnetic fields. A significant correlation was found between the two, definitively showing that the stingless bee relies on magnetoreception for navigational purposes.

title: Magnetoreception

text: Magnetoreception (also magnetoception) is a sense which allows an organism to detect a magnetic field to perceive direction, altitude or location. This sensory modality is used by a range of animals for orientation and navigation,[1] and as a method for animals to develop regional maps. For the purpose of navigation, magnetoreception deals with the detection of the Earth's magnetic field.

title: List of diseases of the honey bee

text: "Galleria mellonella" (greater wax moths) do not attack the bees directly, but feed on the shed exoskeletons of bee larvae and pollen that is found in dark brood comb, which was used by the bees to hold the developing bees. Their full development to adults requires access to used brood comb or brood cell cleanings—these contain protein essential for the larval development, in the form of brood cocoons. The destruction of the comb will spill or contaminate stored honey and may kill bee larvae.

title: Magnetoreception

text: Bats may also use magnetic fields to orient themselves. While it is known that bats use echolocation to navigate over short distances, it is unclear how they navigate over longer distances.[63] When Eptesicus fuscus are taken from their home roosts and exposed to magnetic fields 90 degrees clockwise or counterclockwise of magnetic north, they are disoriented and set off for their homes in the wrong direction. Therefore, it seems that Eptesicus fuscus is capable of magnetoreception. However, the exact use of magnetic fields by Eptesicus fuscus is unclear as the magnetic field could be used either as a map, a compass, or a compass calibrator. Recent research with another bat species, Myotis myotis, supports the hypothesis that bats use magnetic fields as a compass calibrator and their primary compass is the sun.[64]

title: Crithidia

text: These parasites may be at least partially responsible for declining wild bee populations. They cause the bees to lose their ability to distinguish between flowers that contain nectar and those that don't. They make many mistakes by visiting nectar scarce flowers and in so doing, slowly starve to death. Commercially bred bees are used in greenhouses to pollinate plants, for example tomatoes, and these bees typically harbor the parasite, while wild bees do not. It is believed that the commercial bees transmitted the parasite to wild populations in some cases. They escape from the greenhouses through vents; a simple mesh could help prevent this.

title: Magnetoreception

text: Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) may use magnetoreception when predating small rodents. When foxes perform their high-jumps onto small prey like mice and voles, they tend to jump in a north-eastern compass direction. In addition, successful attacks are "tightly clustered" to the north.[65] One study has found that when domestic dogs are off the leash and the Earth's magnetic field is calm, they prefer to urinate and defecate with their bodies aligned on a north-south axis.[66]

title: Geomagnetic storm

text: Scientists are still studying whether or not animals are affected by this, some suggesting this is why whales beach themselves. Some have stated the possibility that other migrating animals including birds and honey bees, might be affected since they also use magnetoreception to navigate, and geomagnetic storms alter the Earth's magnetic fields temporarily.Links related to power grids:

title: Magnetoreception

text: Magnetoreception is present in bacteria, arthropods, molluscs and members of all major taxonomic groups of vertebrates.[1] Humans are not thought to have a magnetic sense, but there is a protein (a cryptochrome) in the eye which could serve this function.[2]

title: Magnetoreception

text: The majority of study on magnetoreception in reptiles involves turtles. Some of the earliest support for magnetoreception in turtles was found in Terrapene carolina, a species of box turtle. After successfully teaching a group of these box turtles to swim to either the east or west end of an experimental tank, the introduction of a strong magnet into the tank was enough to disrupt the learned routes.[42] As such, the learning of oriented paths seems to rely on some internal magnetic compass possessed by box turtles. Subsequent discovery of magnetite in the dura mater of Sea Turtle hatchlings supported this conclusion, as magnetite provides a means by which magnetic fields may be perceived.[43]

title: Sense

text: Magnetoception (or magnetoreception) is the ability to detect the direction one is facing based on the Earth's magnetic field. Directional awareness is most commonly observed in birds, which rely on their magnetic sense to navigate during migration. It has also been observed in insects such as bees. Cattle make use of magnetoception to align themselves in a north-south direction. Magnetotactic bacteria build miniature magnets inside themselves and use them to determine their orientation relative to the Earth's magnetic field.

title: Magnetoreception

text: Magnetoreception has also been reported in the European eel by at least one study.[35]

title: Magnetoreception

text: The second proposed model for magnetoreception relies on clusters composed of iron, a natural mineral with strong magnetism. The idea is favorable as it builds up on the magnetoreceptive abilities of magnetotactic bacteria. These iron clusters have been observed mainly in homing pigeons in the upper beak,[13] but also in other taxa[14].

title: Bat

text: Microbats make use of magnetoreception, in that they have a high sensitivity to the Earth's magnetic field, as birds do. Microbats use a polarity-based compass, meaning that they differentiate north from south, unlike birds, which use the strength of the magnetic field to differentiate latitudes, which may be used in long-distance travel. The mechanism is unknown but may involve magnetite particles.

title: Quantum biology

text: Magnetoreception refers to the ability of animals to navigate using the inclination of the magnetic field of the earth. A possible explanation for magnetoreception is the entangled radical pair mechanism. The radical-pair mechanism is well-established in spin chemistry, and was speculated to apply to magnetoreception in 1978 by Schulten et al.. The ratio between singlet and triplet pairs is changed by the interaction of entangled electron pairs with the magnetic field of the earth. In 2000, cryptochrome was proposed as the "magnetic molecule" that could harbor magnetically sensitive radical-pairs. Cryptochrome, a flavoprotein found in the eyes of European robins and other animal species, is the only protein known to form photoinduced radical-pairs in animals. When it interacts with light particles, cryptochrome goes through a redox reaction, which yields radical pairs both during the photo-reduction and the oxidation. The function of cryptochrome is diverse across species, however, the photoinduction of radical-pairs occurs by exposure to blue light, which excites an electron in a chromophore. Magnetoreception is also possible in the dark, so the mechanism must rely more on the radical pairs generated during light-independent oxidation.

title: Osmia cornuta

text: Osmia cornuta, the European orchard bee, is a species of bee in the genus "Osmia" found in southern and central Europe, north to Belgium, and the southern parts of the Netherlands. The first record of this bee in Great Britain occurred in 2017. They are of the solitary type; they do not live in colonies in hives like bumble bees and honey bees. They lack the pollen baskets on their hind tibiae; they do not produce honey, but they do use the pollen and nectar to stock their nests when they are ready.

title: Worker bee

text: Brood cells must be cleaned before the next use. Cells will be inspected by the queen and if unsatisfactory they will not be used. Worker bees in the cleaning phase will perform this cleaning. If the cells are not clean, the worker bee must do it again and again.

title: Sphecodes

text: Sphecodes is a genus of bees from the family Halictidae, the majority of which are black and red in colour and are colloquially known as "blood bees". "Sphecodes" bees are cleptoparasitic on other bees, especially bees in the genera "Lasioglossum", "Halictus" and "Andrena". The adults consume nectar and are polylactic, i.e. generalist feeders, but because they use other bees to bring up their offspring they do not collect pollen.

title: Magnetoreception

text: For animals the mechanism for magnetoreception is unknown, but there exist two main hypotheses to explain the phenomenon.[5] According to one model, magnetoreception is possible via the radical pair mechanism.[6] The radical-pair mechanism is well-established in spin chemistry,[7][8][9] and was speculated to apply to magnetoreception in 1978 by Schulten et al.. In 2000, cryptochrome was proposed as the "magnetic molecule", so to speak, that could harbor magnetically sensitive radical-pairs. Cryptochrome, a flavoprotein found in the eyes of European robins and other animal species, is the only protein known to form photoinduced radical-pairs in animals.[6] The function of cryptochrome is diverse across species, however, the photoinduction of radical-pairs occurs by exposure to blue light, which excites an electron in a chromophore.[10] The Earth's magnetic field is only 0.5 gauss and so it is difficult to conceive of a mechanism, other than phase shift, by which such a field could lead to any chemical changes other than those affecting the weak magnetic fields between radical pairs.[11] Cryptochromes are therefore thought to be essential for the light-dependent ability of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to sense magnetic fields.[12]

title: Beehive

text: In some instances, bee gums are also still used, even with bee species that do not produce large quantities of honey (i.e. "Apis mellifera mellifera"). However, in these instances, part of the reason why bee gums are then used is that this allows the producers of the honey to distinguish themselves from other honey producers and to ask a higher price for the honey. An example where bee gums are still used is Mont-Lozère, France, although in Europe they are referred to as Log Hives. The length of these log Hives used are shorter than bee gums, they are hollowed out artificially and cut to a specific size.

title: Schwarziana quadripunctata

text: Along with, and often closely related to, communication, effective navigation within an environment is vital to the successful reproduction of eusocial insects. Although some organisms’ methods of navigation seem quite apparent (i.e. through modes of sight and scent) the navigational system of "Schwarziana quadripunctata" had remained elusive until quite recently. It has been determined that "S. quadripunctata" navigates, like many other bees, through the use of magnetoreception – utilizing magnetic fields in the atmosphere to recognize differences in location, altitude and directionality.

title: Magnetoreception

text: Work with mice, mole-rats and bats has shown that some mammals are capable of magnetoreception. When woodmice are removed from their home area and deprived of visual and olfactory cues, they orient themselves towards their homes until an inverted magnetic field is applied to their cage.[60] However, when the same mice are allowed access to visual cues, they are able to orient themselves towards home despite the presence of inverted magnetic fields. This indicates that when woodmice are displaced, they use magnetic fields to orient themselves if there are no other cues available. However, early studies of these subjects were criticized because of the difficulty of completely removing sensory cues, and in some because the tests were performed out of the natural environment. In others, the results of these experiments do not conclusively show a response to magnetic fields when deprived of other cues, because the magnetic field was artificially changed before the test rather than during it.[61]

title: Scopa (biology)

text: A scopa (plural scopae; Latin for "broom") is any of a number of different modifications on the body of a "non-parasitic" bee that form a pollen-carrying apparatus. In most bees, the scopa is simply a particularly dense mass of elongated, often branched, hairs (or setae) on the hind leg. When present on the hind legs, the modified hairs are, at a minimum, on the tibia, but some bees also have modified hairs on the femur and/or trochanter. A few bees have, in addition to the leg hairs, many modified hairs on the ventral surface of the abdomen which are also used in pollen transport; there is one family of bees, Megachilidae, in which the modified leg hairs are absent, and the scopa is limited to the abdominal hairs (see photo). In the familiar honey bees and bumblebees, the scopa is replaced by the pollen basket (corbicula). In the Ptilothrix genus, the notably long scopa allow the members of the genus to collect long grained pollen. Bees have other types of modified hairs used to collect pollen, floral oils, or other chemicals from plants, and these can be on the face, mouthparts, or the front or middle legs, but these are not scopae; the term is explicitly restricted to hairs used to "transport" pollen. There are some bees which transport pollen internally in the crop, and these lack a scopa, as do cleptoparasitic bees, which do not gather their own pollen.

title: Steven M. Reppert

text:
In 2008, Reppert discovered the necessity of "Cry" for light-dependent magnetoreception responses in "Drosophila". He also showed that magnetoreception requires UVA/blue light, the spectrum corresponding with the action spectrum of "Drosophila" CRY.
These data were the first to genetically implicate CRY as a component of the input pathway or the chemical-based pathway of magnetoreception. Applying these findings to his work with the monarch, Reppert has shown that both monarch CRY1 and CRY2 proteins, when transgenically expressed in CRY-deficient flies, successfully restore magnetoreception function. These results propose the presence of a CRY-mediated magnetosensitivity system in monarchs that may act in concordance with the sun compass to aid navigation. In 2011, Reppert also discovered that human CRY2 can substitute as a functional magnetoreceptor in CRY-deficient flies, a discovery that warrants additional research into magnetosensitivity in humans.

title: Megachile rotundata

text: Female alfalfa leafcutter bees have stingers, but both sexes will usually use their mandibles as a defensive mechanism, usually only defending themselves when squeezed or antagonized. Therefore, bee suits, such as those required with honey bees, are not necessary when dealing with these bees. When these bees do sting, however, they do not lose their stingers or die after stinging.

title: Romper Room

text: Etiquette was a focus of "Romper Room." The hostesses were always addressed as "Miss." The show also had a mascot, Mr. Do-Bee. Mr. Do-Bee was an oversized bumblebee who came to teach the children proper deportment. He was noted for always starting his sentence with "Do Bee," as in the imperative "Do be"; for example, "Do Bee good boys and girls for your parents!" There was also a "Mr. Don't Bee" to show children exactly what they should "not" do. "Do-Bee" balloons were made available for purchase to the public. Each balloon featured a painted sketch of "Do-Bee." When the balloons were inflated and then released, they would fly around slowly and emit a buzzing sound.


query: Is splunking dangerous?

title: Caving

text: Caves can be dangerous places; hypothermia, falling, flooding, falling rocks and physical exhaustion are the main risks. Rescuing people from underground is difficult and time-consuming, and requires special skills, training, and equipment. Full-scale cave rescues often involve the efforts of dozens of rescue workers (often other long-time cavers who have participated in specialized courses, as normal rescue staff are not sufficiently experienced in cave environments), who may themselves be put in jeopardy in effecting the rescue. This said, caving is not necessarily a high-risk sport (especially if it does not involve difficult climbs or diving). As in all physical sports, knowing one's limitations is key.

title: Splunk

text: Splunk apps and add-ons can be developed by anyone, including Splunk themselves.

title: Splunk

text: In 2016, Splunk pledged to donate $100 million in software and support for nonprofits and schools over a 10-year period.

title: Godfrey Sullivan

text: Sullivan joined Splunk as CEO in 2008, replacing co-founder Michael Baum in the role, and led Splunk through its initial public offering in 2012. During his tenure at Splunk, the company grew from 750 to more than 10,000 customers, and from $18 million of annual revenue to nearly $600 million. Sullivan advocated for hiring more women within Splunk leadership and the technology sector as a whole. He retired from the CEO position in November 2015, and was succeeded by Splunk SVP Doug Merritt. He continues to serve as Chairman of Splunk's Board of Directors.

title: Splunk

text: In 2016, Google announced its cloud platform will integrate with Splunk to expand in areas like IT ops, security, and compliance. The company also announced additional machine learning capabilities for several of its major product offerings, which are installed on top of the platform.

title: Splunk

text: In October 2015 Splunk sealed a "cybersecurity alliance" with U.S. government security contractor Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. to offer combined cyberthreat detection and intelligence-analysis technology.

title: Splunk

text: Splunk (the product) captures, indexes, and correlates real-time data in a searchable repository from which it can generate graphs, reports, alerts, dashboards, and visualizations.

title: Isyvmon

text: introduced connection for splunk ( www.splunk.com) and isyVmon

title: Splunk

text: Splunkbase is a community hosted by Splunk where users can go to find apps and add-ons for Splunk which can improve the functionality and usefulness of Splunk, as well as provide a quick and easy interface for specific use-cases and/or vendor products.

title: Splunk

text: In 2015, Splunk announced a Light version of the core Splunk product, aimed at smaller IT-environments and mid-sized enterprises. Splunk debuted Splunk IT Service Intelligence (ITSI) in September 2015. ITSI leverages Splunk data to provide visibility into IT performance. Software analytics can detect unusual behavior and determine its causes and the areas it affects.

title: Splunk

text: Integrations on Splunkbase include the Splunk App for New Relic, the ForeScout Extended Module for Splunk, and Splunk App for AWS.

title: Splunk

text: In 2017, Splunk introduced Splunk Insights for ransomware, an analytics tool for assessing and investigating potential threats by ingesting event logs from multiple sources. The software is targeted toward smaller organizations like universities. The company also launched Splunk Insights for AWS Cloud Monitoring, a service to facilitate enterprises' migration to Amazon Web Services' cloud.

title: Splunk

text: Splunk 3.0 was released on August 6, 2007, Splunk 4.0 on July 21, 2009, Splunk 5.0 on October 30, 2012, Splunk 6.0 on October 1, 2013, and Splunk 7.0.0 on September 26, 2017.

title: Splunk

text: Splunk's mission is to make machine data accessible across an organization by identifying data patterns, providing metrics, diagnosing problems, and providing intelligence for business operations. Splunk is a horizontal technology used for application management, security and compliance, as well as business and web analytics. As of early 2016, Splunk has over 10,000 customers worldwide.

title: Splunk

text: In 2011, Splunk released Splunk Storm, a cloud-based version of the core Splunk product. Splunk Storm offered a turnkey, managed and hosted service for machine data. In 2013, Splunk announced that Splunk Storm would become a completely free service and expanded its cloud offering with Splunk Cloud. In 2015, Splunk shut down Splunk Storm.

title: Splunk

text: On April 9, 2018 Splunk acquired Phantom Cyber Corporation for approximately US$350 million.

title: Michael Baum (entrepreneur)

text:
Continuing to explore the possibilities of advancing an understanding of chaotic systems, Baum began to explore the application of search technology to large-scale machine data. Reconnecting with Rob Das and Erik Swan in 2003, the three co-founded Splunk. Their goal was to build a search engine for real-time flows and massive historical corpuses of machine data. Splunk was the sixth startup for Baum and the first pure-play big data company to reach significant customer and revenue scale and debut on the public markets. Baum, Das and Swan and their team at Splunk have been awarded two US Patents for their work.
Michael was Splunk's founding CEO for the first six years and he raised $40M in venture capital financing from August Capital Seven Rosen Funds, JK&B Capital and Ignition Partners.

title: Splunk

text: On June 11, 2018 Splunk announced its acquisition of VictorOps, a DevOps incident management startup, for US$120 million.

title: Splunk

text: Splunk is based in San Francisco, with regional operations across Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Australia.

title: Splunk

text: In 2013, Splunk announced a product called Hunk: Splunk Analytics for Hadoop, which supports accessing, searching, and reporting on external data sets located in Hadoop from a Splunk interface.

title: Splunk

text: In October 2017, Splunk acquired certain technology and intellectual property assets from smaller rival Rocana.

title: Splunk

text: According to Glassdoor, it is the fourth highest-paying company for employees in the United States as of April 2017.

title: Splunk

text: Splunk Inc. is an American multinational corporation based in San Francisco, California, that produces software for searching, monitoring, and analyzing machine-generated big data, via a Web-style interface.

title: Amazon S3

text: Logs can be analyzed and managed using third-party tools like S3Stat, Cloudlytics, Qloudstat, AWStats, and Splunk.

title: Splunk

text: In July 2015 Splunk acquired Caspida, a cybersecurity startup, for .

title: Splunk

text: In 2018, Splunk introduced Splunk Industrial Asset Intelligence, which extracts information from IIoT(Industrial Internet of Things) data from various resources and presents its users with critical alerts.

title: Splunk

text: Splunk's core offering collects and analyzes high volumes of machine-generated data. It uses a standard API to connect directly to applications and devices. It was developed in response to the demand for comprehensible and actionable data reporting for executives outside a company's IT department.

title: Splunk

text: Michael Baum, Rob Das and Erik Swan co-founded Splunk Inc in 2003. Venture firms August Capital, Seven Rosen, Ignition Partners and JK&B Capital backed the company.

title: Jack Kenny

text: His sister, Adele Kenny Sweetwood, is a Marketing Executive at Splunk in San Francisco.

title: Splunk

text: By 2007 Splunk had raised ; it became profitable in 2009. In 2012 Splunk had its initial public offering, trading under NASDAQ symbol SPLK.

title: Splunk

text: Splunk Enterprise Security (ES) is a security information and event management (SIEM) solution that provides insight into machine data generated from security technologies such as network, endpoint, access, malware, vulnerability and identity information. Its a premium application that is licensed independently from Splunk core.


query: How old is Johns Hopkins University?

title: Johns Hopkins University

text: The Johns Hopkins University is an American private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, the university was named for its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur, abolitionist, and philanthropist Johns Hopkins.[4] His $7 million bequest (approximately $144.5 million in today's dollars)—of which half financed the establishment of Johns Hopkins Hospital—was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States up to that time.[5] Daniel Coit Gilman, who was inaugurated as the institution's first president on February 22, 1876,[6] led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research.[7] Adopting the concept of a graduate school from Germany's ancient Heidelberg University, Johns Hopkins University is considered the first research university in the United States.[8] Over the course of several decades, the university has led all U.S. universities in annual research and development expenditures. In fiscal year 2016, Johns Hopkins spent nearly $2.5 billion on research.[9]

title: The Johns Hopkins Medical Journal

text: The Johns Hopkins Medical Journal was a medical journal published by the Johns Hopkins University that ceased publication in 1982. It was established in December 1889 as "The Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin". It was renamed "Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital" in 1924, before obtaining its final title in 1967. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed.

title: Johns Hopkins Biomedical Engineering

text: Biomedical engineering at Johns Hopkins was first established in 1961 as a Division of Biomedical Engineering within the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in East Baltimore with Samuel Talbot as the head, followed by Richard J. Johns (1965-1991). In 1961, Johns Hopkins, along with the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Rochester, established the first graduate programs in biomedical engineering. Established in the School of Medicine, the program at Johns Hopkins is the oldest continually-funded PhD program in the nation.

title: Annual BCI Research Award

text: Guy Hotson, David P McMullen, Matthew S. Fifer, Matthew S. Johannes, Kapil D. Katyal, Matthew P. Para, Robert Armiger, William S. Anderson, Nitish V. Thakor, Brock A. Wester, Nathan E. Crone (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, US,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, US, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, US, Applied Neuroscience, JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, US, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, US)

title: Johns Hopkins University

text: The first name of philanthropist Johns Hopkins is the surname of his great-grandmother, Margaret Johns, who married Gerard Hopkins. They named their son Johns Hopkins, who named his own son Samuel Hopkins. Samuel named one of his sons for his father and that son would become the university's benefactor. Milton Eisenhower, a former university president, once spoke at a convention in Pittsburgh where the Master of Ceremonies introduced him as "President of John Hopkins." Eisenhower retorted that he was "glad to be here in Pitt</i>burgh."[23]

title: Johns Hopkins

text: His bequests founded numerous institutions bearing his name, most notably Johns Hopkins Hospital, and Johns Hopkins University (including its academic divisions such as Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies).

title: Johns Hopkins University

text: Johns Hopkins University in popular culture The Johns Hopkins News-Letter

title: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

text: In the television drama Grey's Anatomy, two of the cardiothoracic surgeons Preston Burke and Erica Hahn graduated from Hopkins Med, coming first and second in their class respectively. Arizona Robbins, the head of Pediatric Surgery, is also a Hopkins Med graduate. In the movie Annihilation, Natalie Portman's character, Lena, is a biology professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. In the television drama Private Practice, the character Charlotte King is a graduate of Hopkins Med and Amelia Shepherd trained at Hopkins for residency. In the Fox television program House, Dr. Gregory House is a world-famous diagnostician who attended Johns Hopkins University for his undergraduate degree. He was expelled from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine for cheating, and received his medical degree from the University of Michigan.[15] Neurologist Dr. Eric Foreman also attended Hopkins. In The Simpsons, Julius Hibbert is a family physician who graduated from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (hence his initials J.H.). In the animated television series South Park, Butters Stotch is sent to Johns Hopkins Hospital for evaluation.[16] Dr. Perry Cox, from the television series Scrubs, attended Johns Hopkins for medical school. The Little Couple on TLC features a Hopkins Med graduate - Jennifer Arnold, class of 2000 - now a Neonatologist at Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital and faculty at the School of Medicine In the movie Step Brothers, Dr. Robert Doback attends Johns Hopkins for his postgraduate degree. However, this is not good enough for Will Ferrell's character, who says that he "smoked pot with Johnny Hopkins". In the TV show Gilmore Girls Hopkins is mentioned as one of the medical schools the character Paris Geller wants to get accepted to, and eventually is. Dr. Hannibal Lecter, from The Silence of the Lambs and other books, completed his residency training at Hopkins. The character of Alex Cross, created by author James Patterson, is a graduate of Hopkins Med. In The West Wing, President Bartlet's middle daughter Ellie is a student at Hopkins Med. Johns Hopkins is mentioned many times in Tom Clancy's novels; Jack Ryan's wife, Cathy, is an ophthalmology professor there. In the movie Shutter Island, Dr. John Cawley, the head psychiatrist at the Ashecliff Hospital for the criminally insane, is said to have graduated at the top of his class at Johns Hopkins. The ABC documentary series Hopkins takes a look at the life of the medical staff and students of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Health System.[17] This new series is a sequel to the 2000 ABC special Hopkins 24/7. Both Hopkins and Hopkins 24/7 were awarded the Peabody Award.[18] The movie Something the Lord Made is the story of two men – an ambitious white surgeon, head of surgery at the Johns Hopkins Hospital and a gifted black carpenter turned lab technician – who defied the racial strictures of the Jim Crow South and together pioneered the field of heart surgery.[19] Melanie Barnett from the television series The Game often discusses how she gave up Johns Hopkins for professional football player boyfriend Derwin. In the movie Getting In, an applicant to the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine who is placed on the waitlist is suspected of murdering other wait-listed applicants to clear his way to admission. In M*A*S*H episode 8.17 'Heal Thyself' the visiting surgeon, Dr. Newsome (Edward Herrmann), shuts up Charles Winchester by disclosing that he is an alumnus of Johns Hopkins.

title: Johns Hopkins

text: John Rudolph Niernsee, one of the most famous architects of the time, designed the orphan asylum and helped to design the Johns Hopkins Hospital. The original site for the Johns Hopkins University had been chosen personally by Hopkins. According to his will, it was to be located at his summer estate, "Clifton". However, a decision was made not to found the university there. The property, now owned by the city of Baltimore, is the site of a golf course and a park named Clifton Park. While the Johns Hopkins Colored Children Orphan Asylum was founded by the hospital trustees, the other institutions that carry the name of "Johns Hopkins" were founded under the administration of the first president of the Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital, Daniel Coit Gilman and his successors.

title: Brackette Williams

text:
Williams graduated from Cornell University with a BS, from the University of Arizona with a master's in Education, and from the Johns Hopkins University with a PhD in Cultural Anthropology.
She has taught at Duke University, Queens College, the New School for Social Research, the University of California, Berkeley, the Johns Hopkins University, the University of Chicago, and the University of Arizona.
Her work has centered on the Caribbean region, and in particular, examined how racial and ethnic categories are reproduced in Guyana nationalism. Categories and classification systems - how they are developed, what basis they have in cultural contexts, and how they are put to use, by whom and for whom - have been a general theme in her work as well. Williams's ethnographic work on the categories informing capital punishment in the United States demonstrates has also been an interest.
She was editor of the journal "Transforming Anthropology".

title: Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security

text: In November 2003, the leaders left Johns Hopkins to join the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), and relaunched the Center as the Center for Biosecurity of UPMC. This move apparently split the organization in two, and it is unclear what happened to the old organization.

title: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

text: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States (founded in 1893) is the academic medical teaching and research arm of the Johns Hopkins University, founded in 1876. The School of Medicine shares a campus with the Johns Hopkins Hospital, established in 1889. Johns Hopkins has consistently ranked among the top medical schools in the United States, in the number of research grants awarded by the National Institutes of Health. Its main teaching hospital, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, was ranked the number one hospital in the United States for 22 years by U.S. News & World Report.[3]

title: Johns Hopkins University

text: The Johns Hopkins University also offers the "Center for Talented Youth" program—a nonprofit organization dedicated to identifying and developing the talents of the most promising K-12 grade students worldwide. As part of the Johns Hopkins University, the "Center for Talented Youth" or CTY helps fulfill the university's mission of preparing students to make significant future contributions to the world.[121] The Johns Hopkins Digital Media Center (DMC) is a multimedia lab space as well as an equipment, technology and knowledge resource for students interested in exploring creative uses of emerging media and use of technology.[122]

title: Rodgers Forge, Maryland

text: Most of the Rodgers Forge community geographic area, as stated in the Rodgers Forge Community Association, Inc. by-laws, was part of Dumbarton Farm, which as late as 1837 was owned by Johns Hopkins. This Johns Hopkins died in August 1837, while the Johns Hopkins known as a benefactor to Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital was 42 years of age at the time of the older Johns Hopkins' death. There are some unfounded claims that link the Hopkins benefactor to Dumbarton Farm. While other accounts do not specifically identify the Johns Hopkins.

title: Johns Hopkins Biomedical Engineering

text: The Johns Hopkins University Department of Biomedical Engineering has both undergraduate and graduate biomedical engineering programs located at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland,

title: Johns Hopkins University

text: The Johns Hopkins entity is structured as two corporations, the university and The Johns Hopkins Health System, formed in 1986. The President is JHU's chief executive officer, and the university is organized into nine academic divisions.[73]

title: Hopkins Consulting Agency

text: Hopkins Consulting Agency is directly affiliated with and owned by Johns Hopkins University. The parent company is Hopkins Student Enterprises (HSE), a student group that resides within the Center for Leadership Education (CLE), a department under the Whiting School of Engineering at Johns Hopkins University.

title: List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Johns Hopkins University

text: As of 2011, there have been 36 Nobel laureates affiliated with Johns Hopkins University. Johns Hopkins considers laureates who attended the university as undergraduate students, graduate students or were members of the faculty as affiliated laureates. Woodrow Wilson, who received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins in 1886, was the first Johns Hopkins-affiliated laureate, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. Four Nobel Prizes were shared by Johns Hopkins laureates: George Minot and George Whipple won the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser won the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology in Medicine, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Eighteen Johns Hopkins laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, more than any other category. Twenty-four laureates were members of the Johns Hopkins faculty, five laureates received their Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins, eight laureates received their M.D. at Johns Hopkins, and two laureates, Francis Peyton Rous and Martin Rodbell, received their undergraduate degrees at Johns Hopkins.

title: Johns Hopkins University Press

text: Daniel Coit Gilman, the first president of the Johns Hopkins University, inaugurated the Press in 1878. The Press began as the University's Publication Agency, publishing the "American Journal of Mathematics" in its first year and the "American Chemical Journal" in its second. It published its first book, "Sidney Lanier: A Memorial Tribute", in 1881 to honor the poet who was one of the university's first writers in residence. In 1891, the Publication Agency became the Johns Hopkins Press; since 1972, it has been known as the Johns Hopkins University Press.

title: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

text: The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine is led by Ronald J. Daniels, the president of the Johns Hopkins University, Paul B. Rothman, CEO and dean of the medical faculty, and Ronald R. Peterson, president of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and health system. The CFO of Johns Hopkins Medicine is Richard A. Grossi, who is also the Senior Associate Dean for Finance and Administration and executive vice president of Johns Hopkins Medicine.

title: Johns Hopkins

text: By the end of Gilman's presidency, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Press, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and Johns Hopkins Colored Children Orphan Asylum had been founded; the latter by the trustees, and the others in the order listed under the Gilman administration. "Sex" and "color" were major issues in the early history of the Johns Hopkins Institutions. The founding of the School of Nursing is usually linked to Johns Hopkins' statements in his March 1873 instruction letter to the trustees that "I desire you to establish, in connection with the hospital, a training school for female nurses. This provision will secure the services of women competent to care for those sick in the hospital wards, and will enable you to benefit the whole community by supplying it with a class of trained and experienced nurses".

text: Originally named the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, the school was founded in 1916 by William H. Welch with a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. The school was renamed the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health on April 20, 2001 in honor of Michael Bloomberg (founder of the eponymous media company) for his financial support and commitment to the school and Johns Hopkins University. Bloomberg has donated a total of $2.9 billion to Johns Hopkins University over a period of several decades.

title: Johns Hopkins

text: The Civil War had taken its toll on Baltimore, however, as did the yellow fever and cholera epidemics that repeatedly ravaged the nation's cities, killing 853 in Baltimore in the summer of 1832 alone. Hopkins was keenly aware of the city's need for medical facilities, particularly in light of the medical advances made during the war, and in 1870 he made a will setting aside seven million dollars — mostly in B&O stock — for the incorporation of a free hospital and affiliated medical and nurse's training colleges, as well as an orphanage for colored children and a university. The hospital and orphan asylum would each be overseen by the 12-member hospital board of trustees, and the university by the 12-member university board of trustees. Many board members were on both boards. Johns Hopkins' bequest was used to posthumously found the Johns Hopkins Colored Children Orphan Asylum first as he requested, in 1875; the Johns Hopkins University in 1876; the Johns Hopkins Press, the longest continuously operating academic press in America, in 1878; the Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing in 1889; the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 1893; and the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health in 1916.

title: Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare

text: Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare is a joint project between Saudi Aramco, energy and integrated global petrochemicals company, and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, the academic medical teaching and research arm of Johns Hopkins University. It is intended to provide healthcare for the employees of Saudi Aramco and their families. It is jointly owned by the company and the university.

title: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

text: The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine is located off Broadway in the East Baltimore campus of the Johns Hopkins University together with the Johns Hopkins Hospital, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the School of Nursing. Known collectively as the "Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions" (JHMI) Campus,[4] it spans several city blocks, radiating outwards from the 1889 original landmark red brick Billings building of the Johns Hopkins Hospital with its historic dome (cupola).

title: Johns Hopkins School of Nursing

text: The Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing is located on the Johns Hopkins University East Baltimore campus along with the Bloomberg School of Public Health, School of Medicine, and the Johns Hopkins Hospital.

title: The Johns Hopkins Science Review

text: The original series was followed by three related series produced by Poole at Johns Hopkins University: "Tomorrow" (1955), "Tomorrow's Careers" (1955-1956), and "Johns Hopkins File 7" (1956-1960). Johns Hopkins University ended its production of television series in 1960.

title: Mary Garrett

text: Later on, Garrett shifted her focus to medical education. At the age of 22, she requested special permission from Daniel Coit Gilman, the first president of the Johns Hopkins University, to enroll in Johns Hopkins University, but was denied entrance due in part to her status as a woman. However, her opportunity to establish justice came soon after. When the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine was under construction in the late nineteenth century, the school board quickly ran out of the original endowment from Johns Hopkins. Garrett and her friends founded the Women's Medical School Fund Committee and promised to make up for the deficit provided that women were accepted "on the same terms as men." The condition was accepted by the school board, and since then, medical education had become more and more accessible to females. Garrett was also hugely involved in Women's suffrage movement, working with her friends Anna Howard Shaw, Julia Ward Howe, and Susan B. Anthony and serving as a major benefactor of the movement.

title: Johns Hopkins University

text: The Johns Hopkins University Press is the publishing division of the Johns Hopkins University. It was founded in 1878 and holds the distinction of being the oldest continuously running university press in the United States.[112] To date the Press has published more than 6,000 titles and currently publishes 65 scholarly periodicals and over 200 new books each year. Since 1993, the Johns Hopkins University Press has run Project MUSE, an online collection of over 250 full-text, peer-reviewed journals in the humanities and social sciences. The Press also houses the Hopkins Fulfilment Services (HFS), which handles distribution for a number of university presses and publishers. Taken together, the three divisions of the Press—Books, Journals (including MUSE) and HFS—make it one of the largest of America's university presses.

title: Johns Hopkins

text: A biography entitled "Johns Hopkins: A Silhouette" written by his cousin, Helen Hopkins Thom, was published in 1929 by the Johns Hopkins University Press.


query: What did Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind gross at box office?

title: Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (film)

text: The film was released by Toei Company on 11 March 1984.[10] In Japan, the film grossed about ¥1.48billion at the box office, selling 914,767 tickets, and earning ¥742million in distribution income.[15]

text: Nausicaä liberates the baby Ohm and gains its trust. She and the Ohm stand before the herd but are run over. The Ohms calm down and use their golden tentacles to resuscitate her. Nausicaä, her dress drenched blue with Ohm blood, walks atop golden Ohm tentacles as through golden fields, fulfilling the savior prophecy. The Ohms and Tolmekians leave the Valley, and the Pejites remain with the Valley people, helping them rebuild. Deep underneath the Toxic Jungle, a non-toxic tree sprouts.

text: Late in the night, a massive cargo aircraft from the kingdom of Tolmekia crashes in the Valley despite Nausicaä's attempt to save it. Its sole survivor, Princess Lastelle of Pejite, pleads with Nausicaä to destroy the cargo and dies. The cargo is an embryo of a Giant Warrior, one of the lethal, gargantuan humanoid bioweapons that caused the Seven Days of Fire. Tolmekia, a military state, seized the embryo and Lastelle from Pejite, but their plane was attacked by insects and crashed. One of the insects emerges wounded from the wreckage and poises to attack, but Nausicaä uses a bullroarer to calm it and guides it away from the village.

title: Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (manga)

text: English translations are published in North America and the United Kingdom by Viz Media. As of 2013 Viz Media has released the manga in five different formats. Initially the manga was printed flipped and with English translations of the sound effects. Publication of English editions began in 1988 with the release of episodes from the story under the title "Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind" in the "Viz Select Comics" series. This series ran until 1996. It consists of 27 issues. In October 1990 Viz Media also started publishing the manga as "Viz Graphic Novel, Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind". The last of the seven Viz Graphic Novels in this series appeared in January 1997. Viz media reprinted the manga in four volumes titled, "Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind: Perfect Collection", which were released from October 1995 to October 1997. A box set of the four volumes was later released in January 2000. In 2004 Viz Media re-released the seven-volume format in an "Editors Choice" edition titled "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind". In this version the manga is left unflipped and the sound effects are left untranslated. Viz Media released its own deluxe two-volume box set on November 6, 2012.

text: One thousand years have passed since the Seven Days of Fire, an apocalyptic war that destroyed civilization and created the vast Toxic Jungle,[lower-alpha 1] a poisonous forest swarming with giant mutant insects. In the kingdom of the Valley of the Wind, a prophecy predicts a saviour "clothed in blue robes, descending onto a golden field". Nausicaä, the princess of the Valley of the Wind, explores the jungle and communicates with its creatures, including the gigantic, trilobite-like armored Ohm.[lower-alpha 2] She hopes to understand the jungle and find a way for it and humans to co-exist.

title: List of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind characters

text: A young wind-rider who attempts to fill Nausicaä's role back in the Valley after she leaves.

text: Nausicaä enters the Toxic Jungle. Once there, she discovers a shell belonging to a dead Ohm. While looking at one of the Ohm's eyelids, she is surrounded by spores. After returning to the Valley of the Wind, Yupa is asked to become the godfather of a newborn girl. When a villager finds poisonous spores in one of the Valley's fields, another villager destroys it. Yupa discusses with Mito about preventing the revival of the Giant Warrior. He eventually discovers Nausicaä's secret garden. While there, Nausicaä reveals that she stopped the water supply. As Nausicaä departs with the Tolmekians, the Valley children give Nausicaä chico nuts as a farewell gift. While sleeping, Nausicaä remembers an episode from her childhood in which she attempted to protect a baby Ohm from the Valley's leaders. The sequence with Nausicaä and Asbel visiting the Toxic Jungle's non-toxic underground has been extended. The Valley citizens destroy their contaminated trees. After getting captured by the Pejites, Nausicaä argues with the Pejite Mayor about their plans for the Giant Warrior. Asbel leads Nausicaä through the women's area of the transport brig. While Kushana and Kurotawa wait for Pejite's assault, they release Gol and the other Valley hostages. Obaba discovers that the wind has ceased blowing.

text: Hairston, Marc (2010) "Miyazaki's Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind: Manga into Anime and Its Reception" in Johnson-Woods, Toni (e.d.) Continuum International Publishing Group ISBN978-0-8264-2938-4 Napier, Susan J. (2005) Anime: From Akira to Howl's Moving Castle Palgrave Macmillan ISBN1-4039-7052-1

title: Nausicaä (character)

text: After finding the shell of an Ohmu while collecting spores in the Toxic Forest, Nausicaä rescues Master Yupa from an Ohmu that she pacifies. Lord Yupa gives Nausicaa a fox squirrel she names Teto. Upon returning to the Valley of the Wind, Obaba tells the legend of the Blue Clad One, who will walk in a field of gold and renew the lost link with the Earth. The next night, a Tolmekian airship is attacked by insects and crashes in the Valley of the Wind and Nausicaä hears the last words of Lastel, a princess of the city of Pejite who wants the ship's cargo to be destroyed. When the people of the Valley of the Wind try to destroy the airborne spores of the Toxic Jungle, they note that a wounded insect that Nausicaä reassured retreated back to the Toxic Jungle.

text: Kushana leaves for the Tolmekian capital with Nausicaä and five hostages from the Valley, but a Pejite interceptor shoots down the Tolmekian airships carrying them. Nausicaä, Kushana and the hostages crash-land in the jungle, disturbing several Ohms, which Nausicaä soothes. She leaves to rescue the Pejite pilot Asbel, brother of Princess Lastelle, but both crash through a stratum of quicksand into a non-toxic area below the Toxic Jungle. Nausicaä realizes that the jungle plants purify the polluted topsoil, producing clean water and soil underground.

text: An Ibex, chief assistant to the Master of the Garden and serves as Nausicaä's guide during her stay. He is very intelligent, able to converse with the Master and Nausicaä. After Nausicaä leaves, Kest follows after her to bring her leggings and Kushana's cape before returning to the Garden.

text: Nausicaä is the princess of the Valley of the Wind, a state on the periphery of what was once known as Eftal, a kingdom destroyed by the Sea of Corruption, a poisonous forest, 300 years ago. An inquisitive young woman, she explores the territories surrounding the Valley on a jet-powered glider, and studies the Sea of Corruption.

title: List of accolades received by Hayao Miyazaki

text: "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind" is a manga series created by Hayao Miyazaki, between 1981 and 1994, featuring an extensive cast of characters. The series takes place on a post-apocalyptic Earth where environmental disasters threaten the survival of humankind. Nausicaä, the titular protagonist of the series, is a princess of the Valley of the Wind, who explores the ecological system of her world and becomes involved in a war between kingdoms. Nausicaä's objective is to bring about a peaceful coexistence among the people of her world, as well as between humanity and nature.

text: Nausicaä and Asbel return to Pejite but find it ravaged by insects. A band of survivors explains that they lured the insects to eradicate the Tolmekians, and are doing the same to the Valley. They capture Nausicaä to prevent her from warning the Valley, but with the help of Asbel, his mother, and a number of sympathizers, Nausicaä escapes on her glider. Flying home, she finds two Pejite soldiers baiting thousands of Ohms into the Valley using a wounded baby Ohm. The people of the Valley take shelter while the Tolmekians deploy tanks and the Giant Warrior, but tank-fire does not deter the Ohms, and the Giant Warrior, hatched prematurely, disintegrates.

text: Hayao Miyazaki made his credited directorial debut in 1979 with The Castle of Cagliostro, a film which was a distinct departure from the antics of the Lupin III franchise, but still went on to receive the Ofuji Noburo Award at the 1979 Mainichi Film Concours.[5][6][lower-alpha 3] Although Cagliostro was not a box office success, Toshio Suzuki, editor of the magazine Animage, was impressed by the film and encouraged Miyazaki to produce works for Animage's publisher, Tokuma Shoten.[7] Miyazaki's film ideas were rejected, and Tokuma asked him to do a manga: this led to the creation of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind.[5] Miyazaki began writing and drawing the manga in 1979, and it quickly became Animage's most popular feature.[7] Hideo Ogata and Yasuyoshi Tokuma, the founders of Animage and Tokuma Shoten respectively, encouraged Miyazaki to work on a film adaptation.[5] Miyazaki initially refused, but agreed on the condition that he could direct.[8]

text: Miyazaki's work on Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind was inspired by a range of works including Ursula K. Le Guin's Earthsea, Brian Aldiss's Hothouse, Isaac Asimov's Nightfall, and J.R.R Tolkien's Lord of the Rings.[9] Dani Cavallaro also suggests inspiration from The Princess Who Loved Insects folktale, and the works of William Golding.[5] Nausicaä, the character, was inspired in name and personality, by Homer's Phaeacian princess in the Odyssey.[5] While a connection to Frank Herbert's Dune is often made there is no confirmation apart from the name "Ohmu" being a syllabic rendition of the English "worm".[9] Miyazaki's imagination was sparked by the mercury poisoning of Minamata Bay and how nature responded and thrived in a poisoned environment, using it to create the polluted world of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind.[5] Ian DeWeese-Boyd agrees, "Her commitment to love and understanding—even to the point of death—transforms the very nature of the conflict around her and begins to dispel the distorting visions that have brought it about."[11]

text: The most prominent themes are the anti-war and environmental focus of the film. Nausicaä, the heroine, believes in the value of life regardless of its form and through her actions stops a war. Loy and Goodhew state there is no evil portrayed in the film, but the Buddhist roots of evil: greed, ill will and delusion. Fear is what drives the conflicts, the fear of the poisoned forest results in the greed and resentment. Nausicaä, in addition to being a transformative force, leads people to understand and respect nature which is portrayed as welcoming, spiritual, and restorative for those who enter it peacefully.[12]

title: Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind

text: Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind may mean:

text: Reito Adachi observes that the name of the 'Nausicaä' character was changed, to the more English sounding, ""Zandra"" for the simplified and cut New World Pictures release of the film, titled "Warriors of the Wind" (1985).

title: Nausicaä (character)

text: Nausicaä (; ) is a fictional character from Hayao Miyazaki's science fiction manga series "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind" and his anime film of the same name. Her story is set in the future on a post-apocalyptic Earth, where Nausicaä is the princess of the Valley of the Wind, a minor kingdom. She assumes the responsibilities of her ill father and succeeds him to the throne over the course of the story. Fueled by her love for others and for life itself, Nausicaä studies the ecology of her world to understand the Sea of Corruption, a system of flora and fauna which came into being after the Seven Days of Fire.

text: Soon after, Tolmekian troops, led by Princess Kushana, invade the Valley, execute Nausicaä's father and capture the embryo. Enraged, Nausicaä kills several Tolmekian soldiers and is about to be overwhelmed when the Valley's swordsmaster, Lord Yupa, soothes the belligerents. Kushana plans to mature the Giant Warrior and use it to burn the Toxic Jungle. Yupa discovers a secret garden of jungle plants reared by Nausicaä; according to her findings, plants that grow in clean soil and water are not toxic, but the jungle's soil has been tainted by pollution.

text: Nausicaä's father. King of the Valley of the Wind. Shown as a bedridden old man throughout his appearances except in flashbacks. The manga and film differ in his ultimate fate. In the manga his death is attributed to long-term poisoning caused by the Sea of Corruption. In the movie he is sniped down during an invasion of the Valley of the Wind by Torumekian troops.

title: Hayao Miyazaki

text: Following the success of "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind", Yasuyoshi Tokuma, the founder of Tokuma Shoten, encouraged Miyazaki to work on a film adaptation. Miyazaki initially refused, but agreed on the condition that he could direct. Miyazaki's imagination was sparked by the mercury poisoning of Minamata Bay and how nature responded and thrived in a poisoned environment, using it to create the film's polluted world. Miyazaki and Takahata chose the minor studio Topcraft to animate the film, as they believed its artistic talent could transpose the sophisticated atmosphere of the manga to the film. Pre-production began on May 31, 1983; Miyazaki encountered difficulties in creating the screenplay, with only sixteen chapters of the manga to work with. Takahata enlisted experimental and minimalist musician Joe Hisaishi to compose the film's score. "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind" was released on March 11, 1984. It grossed ¥1.48 billion at the box office, and made an additional ¥742 million in distribution income. It is often seen as Miyazaki's pivotal work, cementing his reputation as an animator. It was lauded for its positive portrayal of women, particularly that of main character Nausicaä. Several critics have labeled "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind" as possessing anti-war and feminist themes; Miyazaki argues otherwise, stating that he only wishes to entertain. The successful cooperation on the creation of the manga and the film laid the foundation for other collaborative projects. In April 1984, Miyazaki opened his own office in Suginami Ward, naming it Nibariki.

title: The Journey of Shuna

text: A dwindling population and a hostile land: This theme surfaces several times in Miyazaki’s more serious works, including "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind" and "Princess Mononoke", as well as here in "Journey of Shuna". The main character in all of these stories comes from a small village with few young people, a low birth rate, and a dying royal bloodline. At the same time, the land that they inhabit is either barely hospitable or filled with countless dangers. In "Journey of Shuna", Shuna leaves by choice in search of the grain, whereas in "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind", Nausicaä is summoned to war, and in "Princess Mononoke" Ashitaka is sent into exile because of a fatal curse from a demon.

title: Hayao Miyazaki

text: Suzuki described Miyazaki as a feminist in reference to his attitude to female workers. Miyazaki has described his female characters as "brave, self-sufficient girls that don't think twice about fighting for what they believe in with all their heart", stating that they may "need a friend, or a supporter, but never a saviour" and that "any woman is just as capable of being a hero as any man". "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind" was lauded for its positive portrayal of women, particularly the protagonist Nausicaä. Schellhase noted that the female characters in Miyazaki's films are not objectified or sexualized, and possess complex and individual characteristics absent from Hollywood productions. Schellhase also identified a "coming of age" element for the heroines in Miyazaki's films, as they each discover "individual personality and strengths". Gabrielle Bellot of "The Atlantic" wrote that, in his films, Miyazaki "shows a keen understanding of the complexities of what it might mean to be a woman". In particular, Bellot cites "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind", praising the film's challenging of gender expectations, and the strong and independent nature of Nausicaä. Bellot also noted that "Princess Mononoke"s San represents the "conflict between selfhood and expression".

text: Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind: Image Album <Bird Person> (風の谷のナウシカ イメージアルバム 鳥の人) released 25 November 1983 Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind: Symphony <The Legend of Wind> (風の谷のナウシカ シンフォニー 風の伝説) released 25 February 1984 Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind: Soundtrack <Toward the Far Away Land> (風の谷のナウシカ サウンドトラック はるかな地へ) released 25 March 1984 Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind: Drama Version <God of Wind> (風の谷のナウシカ・ドラマ編) released 25 April 1984 Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind: Best Collection (風の谷のナウシカ BEST) released 25 November 1986 Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind: Hi-tech Series (風の谷のナウシカ・ハイテックシリーズ) released 25 October 1989 Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind: Piano Solo Album <For the Easy Use with Beyer> released 15 March 1992

text: Three video games were released based on the manga and the film. All three of the titles were developed by Technopolis Soft and published by Technopolis Soft and Tokuma Shoten.[36][55] Nausicaä in the Nick of Time also known as Nausicaä's Close Call (Naushika Kiki Ippatsu or Nausicaä Kiki Ippatsu) is a Japanese shoot 'em up video game developed and published by Technopolis Soft for the NEC PC-6001 computer system in 1984.[36][55][56] The game marketed as Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind and known by its title screen as Kaze no Tani no Nausicaä(風の谷のナウシカ, Nausicaä Adventure Game), is an adventure game developed by Technopolis Soft for the NEC PC-8801: it was released in the 1980s, most likely 1984.[36][57] The third game, Wasure ji no Nausicaä Game(忘れじのナウシカ・ゲーム, Nausicaä's Forgotten Game) for the MSX is the most well-known of the releases and has been frequently and erroneously referred to as a game where the player kills the Ohmu.[36] These games signaled the end of video game adaptations for Hayao Miyzaki's films. The only other games based on Miyazaki films were the LaserDisc arcade game Cliff Hanger and the MSX2 platform-adventure game Lupin III: The Castle of Cagliostro, both of which were based on The Castle of Cagliostro.[58] Luke Plunkett describes these "two awful adaptations" as the reason Miyazaki does not allow further video game adaptations of his films.[58]

text: The sergeant-at-arms and King Jihl's chief retainer. His primary role is piloting the Valley's gunship in support of Nausicaä's mission.

text: Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind(Japanese:風の谷のナウシカ,Hepburn:Kaze no Tani no Naushika) is a 1984 Japanese animated epic[1] science fantasy adventure film adapted and directed by Hayao Miyazaki, based on his 1982 manga of the same name. It was animated by Topcraft for Tokuma Shoten and Hakuhodo, and distributed by the Toei Company. Joe Hisaishi, in his first collaboration with Miyazaki, composed the film's score. The film stars the voices of Sumi Shimamoto, Goro Naya, Yoji Matsuda, Yoshiko Sakakibara and Iemasa Kayumi.[2] Taking place in a future post-apocalyptic world, the film tells the story of Nausicaä (Shimamoto), the young princess of the Valley of the Wind. She becomes embroiled in a struggle with Tolmekia, a kingdom that tries to use an ancient weapon to eradicate a jungle of mutant giant insects.


query: Does Arrow have any superpowers?

title: Green Arrow

text: Green Arrow is a fictional superhero who appears in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Mort Weisinger and designed by George Papp, he first appeared in More Fun Comics #73 in November 1941. His real name is Oliver Jonas Queen, a wealthy businessman and owner of Queen Industries who is also a well-known celebrity in Star City.[2] Sometimes shown dressed like the character Robin Hood, Green Arrow is an archer who uses his skills to fight crime in his home cities of Star City and Seattle, as well as alongside his fellow superheroes as a member of the Justice League. Though much less frequently used in modern stories, he also deploys a range of trick arrows with various special functions, such as glue, explosive-tipped, grappling hook, flash grenade, tear gas and even kryptonite arrows for use in a range of special situations. At the time of his debut, Green Arrow functioned in many ways as an archery-themed analogue of the very popular Batman character, but writers at DC subsequently developed him into a voice of left-wing politics very much distinct in character from Batman.

title: Companions of the Hall

text: Taulmaril was a gift to the Mithral Hall dwarves by Lady Anariel, Sister of Faerûn. The bow is made of wood enspelled not to break or scratch, and the quiver held 20 silver arrows, when one was used the quiver magically replaced it. The bow was used by Catti-brie until she was later crippled and eventually died, then the bow was used by her husband Drizzt. Part of the weapon's enchantment (passed to the arrows when they're fired by it) is that the arrows are imbued with crackling energy in flight that causes them to deal far more damage than would be typical for a normal arrow. The energy scorches targets, can set flammables alight, but does not seem to have any particularly enhanced effect upon cold-based creatures.

title: Copperhead (DC Comics)

text: The female Copperhead does not appear to have any superpowers and instead uses different poison equipment such as darts.

title: Copperhead (DC Comics)

text: In "Terror Titans", Clock King mentions that the second Copperhead does not have any superpowers, meaning he utilizes a snake-themed suit, like the original once did.

title: Superpower

text: The term 'potential superpowers' has been applied by scholars and other qualified commentators to the possibility of several states achieving superpower status in the 21st century. Due to their large markets, growing military strength, economic potential, and influence in international affairs, China, the European Union, India, and Russia are among the political entities most cited as having the potential of achieving superpower status in the 21st century. Many historians, writers, and critics have expressed doubts, however, whether any of these countries would ever emerge as a new superpower. Some political scientists and other commentators have even suggested that such countries might simply be emerging powers, as opposed to potential superpowers.

title: Arrow

text: Ancient Arab archery sometimes used "nockless arrows." In shooting at enemies, Arabs saw them pick up Arab arrows and shoot them back. So Arabs developed bowstrings with a small ring tied where the nock would normally be placed. The rear end of the arrow would be sharpened to a point, rather than slit for a nock. The rear end of the arrow would slip into the ring. The arrow could be drawn and released as usual. Then the enemy could collect the arrows, yet not shoot them back with a conventional bow. Also, since there was no nock, the nock could not break, and the arrow was less expensive. A piece of battle advice was to have several rings tied to the bowstring in case one broke. A practical disadvantage compared to a nock would be preserving the optimal rotation of the arrow, so that when it flexes, it does not hit the bowstave. The bend direction of the arrow might have been indicated by its fletching.

title: Mounted archery

text: "With much shouting, these barbarians rapidly surrounded our squadrons, against which they launched thousands of arrows which did very little damage because the Baskirs, being entirely irregulars, do not know how to form up in ranks and they go about in a mob like a flock of sheep, with the result that the riders cannot shoot horizontally without wounding or killing their comrades who are in front of them, but shoot their arrows into the air to describe an arc which will allow them to descend on the enemy. This system does not permit any accurate aim, and nine tenths of the arrows miss their target. Those that do arrive have used up in their ascent the impulse given to them by the bow, and fall only under their own weight, which is very small, so that they do not as a" "rule inflict any serious injuries. In fact the Baskirs, having no other arms, are undoubtedly the world’s least dangerous troops."

title: Arrow (TV series)

text: On January 12, 2012, The CW was preparing a new series centered around the character Green Arrow, developed by Andrew Kreisberg, Greg Berlanti and Marc Guggenheim.[52] A week later, the series, now known as Arrow, was ordered to pilot, which was directed by David Nutter, who also directed the pilot for Smallville, a series following Clark Kent on his journey to become Superman.[53] At the end of the month, Stephen Amell was cast in the titular role of Oliver Queen.[54] When developing the series, producer Marc Guggenheim expressed that the creative team wanted to "chart [their] own course, [their] own destiny", and avoid any direct connections to Smallville, which featured its own Green Arrow/Oliver Queen (Justin Hartley), opting to cast a new actor in the role of Oliver Queen.[1] Unlike Smallville, the series does not initially feature super-powered heroes and villains. Instead, the team took inspiration from Smallville, as one of the main themes of Arrow was to "look at the humanity" of Oliver Queen, as Smallville had done with Clark Kent. The decision not to include superpowers was, in part, based on the executives' desire to take a realistic look at the characters in this universe.[55] Production on the pilot began in March 2012 in Vancouver,[56] which would continue to act as the primary filming location for the series.[1] The series' skyline shots use a combination of footage from Frankfurt, Germany, Center City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Maryland, Back Bay, Boston, and Tokyo, Japan.[57] The series was given a full season pick up on October 22, 2012.[58]

title: Project Superpowers

text: Back in Tibet, the Fighting Yank is slipping fast; only his power cloak is keeping him (barely) alive. Suddenly three arrows slam into the gaping wound in Yank's chest, fired by the Arrow, another hero released from the urn.

title: List of Marvel 1602 characters

text: The eight-part series takes place in a timeline where Marvel superheroes are members of Elizabethan society. The characters are mainly from Marvel's 1960s period and include Nick Fury, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, Doctor Doom and Magneto. Spider-Man also features, though he appears much younger than the 1960s version and does not have any superpowers.

title: Eviless

text: Eviless does not appear to have any superpowers, but skillfully uses a whip to control her subjects. At times, she has appeared to put herself into a deathlike trance at will by stopping her heart.

title: Eggerland

text: Some other obstacles include trees and rocks. Both of these block movement from Lolo and monsters. Monsters that have a ranged attack, like Medusas or Gols, can shoot through the trees, but Lolo cannot. Rocks prevent shots from both Lolo and monsters. Another obstacle is the one-way arrows. Lolo can enter these arrows from any direction except the direction the arrow is pointing. For instance, if the arrow is pointing up, Lolo cannot walk down against the arrow. One-way arrows do not stop monsters in any way, nor do they prevent any shots from Lolo or monsters.

title: Chinese UAV employed missiles

text: Sky Arrow UAV employed missile is lighter than LMD-002 and LMD-003, weighing 3 kg, and its maximum range is also shorter than that of the LMD-002 and LMD-003, which is 3.2 km. Sky Arrow is TV guided like LMD-002. The aerodynamic layout of Sky Arrow contains four pairs of control surfaces, with four parallelogram shaped ones in front, and four smaller trapezoid shaped ones in the tail, and the missile uses rocket motor instead of turbojet engine and thus does not have any intake.

title: Superpower (ability)

text: Generally speaking, exceptional-but-not-superhuman fictional characters like Batman, Iron Man, Green Arrow, and the Punisher may be classified as superheroes even though they do not have any actual superhuman abilities. Similarly, characters with superhuman abilities derived from artificial, external sources, like the Six Million Dollar Man's bionic limbs, Green Lantern's power ring, and Tony Stark's Iron Man armor, may be described as having superpowers, but are not necessarily superhuman.

title: Arrow (season 1)

text: On January 12, 2012, The CW was preparing a new series centered around the character Green Arrow, developed by Andrew Kreisberg, Greg Berlanti and Marc Guggenheim. A week later, the series, now known as "Arrow", was ordered to pilot, which was directed by David Nutter, who also directed the pilot for "Smallville", a series following Clark Kent on his journey to become Superman. At the end of the month, Stephen Amell was cast in the titular role of Oliver Queen. When developing the series, producer Marc Guggenheim expressed that the creative team wanted to "chart [their] own course, [their] own destiny", and avoid any direct connections to "Smallville", which featured its own Green Arrow/Oliver Queen (Justin Hartley), opting to cast a new actor in the role of Oliver Queen. Unlike with "Smallville", the series does not initially feature super-powered heroes and villains. Instead, the creative still took inspiration from "Smallville", as one of the main themes of "Arrow" was to "look at the humanity" of Oliver Queen, as "Smallville" had done with Clark Kent. The decision not to include superpowers was, in part, based on the executives' desire to take a realistic look at the characters in this universe. The series was given a full season pick up on October 22, 2012.

title: List of Ronin Warriors characters

text: While Rhuna doesn't have any magical armor or superpowers, she does use a knife. Under normal circumstances she is pretty skilled at using it, as she was able to catch the Warriors off guard the first time she encountered them in Uncle Chin's restaurant in Chinatown, New York. Her speed is noted to be quite remarkable for a human.

title: Green Arrow in other media

text: On January 18, 2012, The CW green-lit a pilot for a proposed Green Arrow series with Greg Berlanti, Marc Guggenheim and Andrew Kreisberg producing. The series, "Arrow", offers a fresh take on the character, and initially does not feature superpowers, as a way to take a realistic look at the characters in this universe. In addition to the character's experiences as the hero Green Arrow, the series also features flashbacks to Oliver's time on the island and the events that shaped him into the hero in the present. Stephen Amell portrays Oliver Queen in the series. It premiered in North America on October 10, 2012, and has aired six seasons. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a seventh season. Oliver Queen has made multiple appearances in the "Arrow" spin-offs "The Flash" and "Legends of Tomorrow" and one episode of "Supergirl" with Stephen Amell reprising the role. Those series are set in a shared universe called the Arrowverse.

title: Green Arrow

text: On January 18, 2012, The CW green-lit a pilot for a proposed Green Arrow series with Greg Berlanti, Marc Guggenheim and Andrew Kreisberg producing. The series, Arrow, offers a fresh take on the character, and initially does not feature superpowers, as a way to take a realistic look at the characters in this universe. In addition to being the vigilante archer the series also features flashbacks to Oliver's time on the island and the events that shaped him into the hero in the present.[37]Andrew Kreisberg explained that, "We designed [Oliver] as a character a little more tortured" than the comic series Green Arrow.[38] Stephen Amell portrays Oliver Queen in the series.[39][40] It premiered in North America on October 10, 2012,[41] and was picked up for a full season later that month.[42] On February 11, 2013, Arrow was renewed for a second season,[43] which premiered on October 9, 2013.[44] On February 13, 2014, The CW renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on October 8, 2014.[45] On January 11, 2015, Arrow was renewed for a 23-episode fourth season,[46] which has premiered on October 7, 2015. Unlike in the comic books, Queen does not go by the alias "Green Arrow" until the fourth season; in the first season he is called "The Hood" and during the second and third seasons, he re-dubs himself "The Arrow" until Ra's al Ghul's monomania in trying to get him to be his successor forces Roy Harper to take the fall as being the Arrow to save Oliver from the police. On January 8, 2017, The CW renewed the show for a sixth season, in which its storyline deals with his careers, marriage, fatherhood, and feud with crime lord Ricardo Diaz. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the show for a seventh season, with a new storyline involving Oliver being incarcerated after being outed as Green Arrow. In addition to his old enemies seeking revenge against him now that they know who he is and continued feud with Diaz, Oliver deals with a mysterious archer who has usurped the Green Arrow name and has skills and tactics eerily match his own.

title: DDRMAX Dance Dance Revolution 6thMix

text: Dancing characters have been removed in 6thMix, 7thMix and Extreme. Instead, the arrows scroll over clips of full motion video, hence the game does not render any polygons. The screen refreshes at a full speed of 60 frames per second. In addition, the arrows themselves have been tweaked too, now having a rounded edge on their outer tip rather than the V-shaped cut used in all previous games.

title: The Death of Actaeon

text: Ovid's account does not include Diana herself pursuing Actaeon, or shooting at him, though in some other classical accounts she does chase him. She seems to have just loosed an arrow, but there is no sign of the arrow in the painting, nor is the bowstring visible. The goddess does not have her attribute of the small crescent in her hair that Titian's other two depictions in the "poesie" do, which troubled one early critic.

title: List of Arrow characters

text: In season one, Roy is a small-time criminal who falls in love with Thea after robbing her, and is arrested multiple times by Quentin Lance. He does not see any other way to live until the Arrow saves him from a kidnapping, after which Roy attempts to find the Arrow to help him. Roy later works as a waiter at Verdant.

title: Pilot (Arrow)

text: On January 12, 2012, The CW began preparing a new series centered around the character Green Arrow, developed by Andrew Kreisberg, Greg Berlanti and Marc Guggenheim. A week later, the network ordered a pilot, now titled "Arrow", and brought in David Nutter to direct. When developing the series, producer Marc Guggenheim expressed that the creative team wanted to "chart [their] own course, [their] own destiny", and avoid any direct connections to "Smallville", which featured its own Green Arrow/Oliver Queen (Justin Hartley). They opted to cast a new actor in the role of Oliver Queen. Unlike with "Smallville", the pilot does not initially feature super-powered heroes and villains. Instead, the creative still took inspiration from "Smallville", as one of the main themes was to "look at the humanity" of Oliver Queen, as "Smallville" had done with Clark Kent. The decision not to include superpowers was, in part, based on the executives' desire to take a realistic look at the characters in this universe.

title: Function (mathematics)

text:
In the notation
formula_39
the symbol does not represent any value, it is simply a placeholder meaning that, if is replaced by any value on the left of the arrow, it should be replaced by the same value on the right of the arrow. Therefore, may be replaced by any symbol, often an interpunct "". This may be useful for distinguishing the function from its value at .

title: Golden Arrow (comics)

text: The Golden Arrow has no superpowers but he's a skilled archer. He also rides a white horse called White Wind.

title: Directed graph

text:
The aforementioned definition does not allow a directed graph to have multiple arrows with the same source and target nodes, but some authors consider a broader definition that allows directed graphs to have such multiple arrows (namely, they allow the arrows set to be a multiset). More specifically, these entities are addressed as directed multigraphs (or multidigraphs).
On the other hand, the aforementioned definition allows a directed graph to have loops (that is, arrows that connect nodes with themselves), but some authors consider a narrower definition that doesn't allow directed graphs to have loops.
More specifically, directed graphs without loops are addressed as simple directed graphs, while directed graphs with loops are addressed as "loop-digraphs" (see section Types of directed graphs).
An arrow is considered to be directed "from" "x" "to" "y"; "y" is called the "head" and "x" is called the "tail" of the arrow; "y" is said to be a "direct successor" of "x" and "x" is said to be a "direct predecessor" of "y". If a path leads from "x" to "y", then "y" is said to be a "successor" of "x" and "reachable" from "x", and "x" is said to be a "predecessor" of "y". The arrow is called the "inverted arrow" of .

title: Vector space

text: The first example of a vector space consists of arrows in a fixed plane, starting at one fixed point. This is used in physics to describe forces or velocities. Given any two such arrows, and , the parallelogram spanned by these two arrows contains one diagonal arrow that starts at the origin, too. This new arrow is called the "sum" of the two arrows and is denoted . In the special case of two arrows on the same line, their sum is the arrow on this line whose length is the sum or the difference of the lengths, depending on whether the arrows have the same direction. Another operation that can be done with arrows is scaling: given any positive real number , the arrow that has the same direction as , but is dilated or shrunk by multiplying its length by , is called "multiplication" of by . It is denoted . When is negative, is defined as the arrow pointing in the opposite direction, instead.

title: Median voter theorem

text: In 1972, Kenneth Arrow received the Nobel Prize in economics for a theorem based on these challenges with aggregating ranked preferences consistently. Arrow's Impossibility Theorem states that there is no general solution to the abstract social choice problem which is based on ranked preferences (although his theorem does not apply to rated scores). Arrow found that the only way for the social choice problem to have any consistent solution is to (1) assume individual preferences fit some particular pattern or (2) impose a dictatorship or (3) accept a rule that violates IIA. The Median voter theorem is an example of option (1).

title: Arrow (Israeli missile)

text: For the United States, the Arrow has provided important technical and operational data. It remains a key element in the Missile Defense Agency’s plan for a layered missile defense architecture, and an example of a successful, affordable program. At the moment, however, the United States does not have any plans to procure and deploy the Arrow. Nevertheless, in September 2009 the Arrow system was mentioned by then U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and then Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General James Cartwright among the alternative to the proposed U.S. missile defense assets in Europe. The Arrow system is being incorporated into U.S. anti-ballistic capability in Europe, they said.

title: Arrow (comics)

text: The Arrow is one of the many public domain Golden Age characters appearing in "Project Superpowers", a 2008 miniseries released by Dynamite Entertainment. He made several short appearances in the series. He also appears in Dynamite's series, The Death-Defying 'Devil and Black Terror.

title: Green Arrow in other media

text: It's a very, very awesome prison. I majored in architecture in college, and design is how I actually started in. For "Super Max," designing that prison, it had to be the kind of thing that was a character in and of itself. We're in a world where instead of just trying to contain a guy who's really big, you're trying to contain a guy who canin the case of Iciclewho can freeze things. What kind of a cell would a guy like that need in order to have his powers neutralized? So to escape from Super Max they have got to go through the most elaborate heist we've ever seen, involving superpowers. Because the prison itself kind of has superpowers!

title: Spin structure

text: To cancel the corresponding obstruction in the "spin" bundle, this image needs to be "w". In particular, if "w" is not in the image of the arrow, then there does not exist any U(1) bundle with obstruction equal to "w" and so the obstruction cannot be cancelled. By exactness, "w" is in the image of the preceding arrow only if it is in the kernel of the next arrow, which we recall is the Bockstein homomorphism β. That is, the condition for the cancellation of the obstruction is