query: How many symphonies did Haydn compose?

title: List of symphonies by Joseph Haydn

text: There are 106 symphonies by the classical composer Joseph Haydn (1732–1809). Of these, 104 have numbers associated with them which were originally assigned by Eusebius Mandyczewski in 1908 in the chronological order that was known at the time.[1] In the subsequent decades, numerous inaccuracies in the chronology (especially in the lower numbers) were found, but the Mandyczewski numbers were so widely used that when Anthony van Hoboken compiled his catalogue of Haydn's works, he incorporated the Mandyczewski number into Catalogue I (e.g., Symphony No. 34 is listed as Hob. I/34).[1] Also in that time period, two additional symphonies were discovered (which were assigned non-Mandyczewskian letters "A" and "B"), bringing the total to 106.

title: Symphony No. 52 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 52 in C minor is one of the last "Sturm und Drang" symphonies composed by the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn while the composer was in residence at Esterházy in 1771 or 1772.

title: London symphonies

text: The London symphonies, sometimes called the Salomon symphonies after Johann Peter Salomon who introduced London to Joseph Haydn, were composed by Joseph Haydn between 1791 and 1795. They can be categorized into two groups: Symphonies Nos. 93–98, which were composed during Haydn's first visit to London, and Symphonies Nos. 99–104, composed in Vienna and London for Haydn's second visit.

title: Symphony No. 98 (Haydn)

text: Haydn composed the symphony in early 1792. At the time, Haydn was in the midst of the first of his two visits to London, under contract to perform a series of new symphonies with an orchestra led by Johann Peter Salomon as concertmaster. The symphony was performed on 2 March 1792 at the Hanover Square Rooms, with Haydn directing the orchestra from the keyboard. The premiere came two weeks after that of the Symphony No. 93, and one week before that of the Sinfonia Concertante. Haydn recalled that at the premiere of the No. 98, the first and fourth movements were encored.

title: Symphony No. 19 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 19 in D major, Hoboken I/19, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was composed between 1757 and 1761.

title: Symphony No. 76 (Haydn)

text: In 1782, almost a decade before Haydn composed the first of his famous London symphonies, he composed a trio of symphonies – 76, 77 and 78 – for a trip to London which fell through. Haydn wrote the following to his Paris music publisher Boyer on 15 July 1783:

title: Symphony No. 54 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 54 in G major, Hoboken I/54, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn, composed in 1774.

title: Johann Peter Salomon

text: Salomon brought Joseph Haydn to London in 1791–92 and 1794–95, and together with Haydn led the first performances of many of the works that Haydn composed while in England. Haydn wrote his symphonies numbers 93 to 104 for these trips, which are sometimes known as the "Salomon" symphonies (they are more widely known as the London symphonies). Haydn's esteem for his impresario and orchestral leader can sometimes be seen in the symphonies: for example, the cadenza in the slow movement of the 96th and the phrase marked "Salomon solo ma piano" in the trio of the 97th; the Sinfonia Concertante in B-flat major was composed for Salomon, who played the solo violin part; and the six string quartets opp. 71 and 74, written between the two London visits in 1793, though dedicated to Count Apponyi, were clearly designed for the public performances that Salomon's quartet gave in London. Salomon is also said to have had a hand in providing Haydn with the original model for the text of "The Creation". He was one of the founder-members of the Philharmonic Society and led the orchestra at its first concert on 8 March 1813.

title: Symphony No. 31 (Haydn)

text: Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 31 in D major was composed in 1765 for Haydn's patron Nikolaus Esterházy. It is nicknamed the "Hornsignal" symphony, because it gives a prominent role to an unusually large horn section, i.e. four players. Probably because of its prominent obbligato writing for the horns, in Paris, the publisher Sieber published this symphony as a "symphonie concertante" around 1785.

title: Symphony No. 45 (Haydn)

text: The tale of how the symphony was composed was told by Haydn in old age to his biographers Albert Christoph Dies and Georg August Griesinger.

title: Symphony No. 81 (Haydn)

text: Symphony No. 81 in G major (Hoboken I/81) is a symphony by Joseph Haydn composed in 1784 as part of a trio of symphonies that also included symphonies 79 and 80.These three symphonies were specially written for performance in March 1785.

title: Michael Haydn

text: Haydn was also a prolific composer of secular music, including forty symphonies and wind partitas, and multiple concertos and chamber music including a string quintet in C major was once thought to have been by his brother Joseph. There was another case of posthumous mistaken identity involving Michael Haydn: for many years, the G major symphony now known to be Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 25 was thought to be Mozart's Symphony No. 37 and assigned as K. 444. The confusion arose because an autograph was discovered with the opening movement of the symphony in Mozart's hand and the rest in another's hand. It is now known that Mozart composed the slow introduction to the first movement but the rest of the work is by Michael. As a result, this work, which had been quite widely played when thought to be a Mozart symphony, has been performed considerably less often since this discovery in 1907.

title: Symphony No. 69 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 69 is a symphony by Joseph Haydn in C major, Hoboken I/69, known as the "Laudon" symphony. Composed around 1775–1776, it represents a stylistic departure from the composer's earlier intense Sturm und Drang period and was written at the same time as Haydn was writing numerous comic operas. Despite the lighter tone, however, the symphony is "as finely crafted, as interesting, indeed as original, as the preceding ones, albeit very different in character."

title: Symphony No. 30 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 30 in C major, Hoboken I/30, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn composed in 1765, at the age of 33. It is nicknamed the Alleluia Symphony because of Haydn's use of a Gregorian Alleluia chant in the opening movement.

title: Symphony No. 103 (Haydn)

text: The symphony was the eleventh of twelve that were composed for performance in England during Haydn's two journeys there (1791–1792, 1794–1795), arranged and organized by the great impresario, Johann Peter Salomon. Haydn's music was well known in England well before the composer traveled there, and members of the British musical public had long expressed the wish that Haydn would visit. The composer's reception in England was in fact very enthusiastic, and the English visits were one of the most fruitful and happy periods of the composer's life. Haydn composed the "Drumroll" Symphony while living in London during the winter of 1794–1795.

title: Symphony No. 38 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 38 in C major, Hoboken I/38, is an early and festive symphony by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was composed some time between 1765 and 1769. Because of the virtuosic oboe parts in the final two movements, it has been suggested that the work's composition may have coincided with the employ of the oboist Vittorino Colombazzo in the fall of 1768. The symphony is popularly called the Echo Symphony, a nickname that, like all other named Haydn symphonies, did not originate with the composer.

title: Symphony No. 92 (Haydn)

text: The symphony is called the "Oxford" because Haydn is said to have conducted it at the conclusion of a ceremony in 1791 in which the degree of doctor of music was conferred on him by Oxford University. A candidate for this doctorate was required to present a specimen of his skill in composition, and that presented by Haydn was not as is sometimes said this symphony, but a minuet "al rovescio", i. e. a palindrome, though not one specially composed for the occasion, as it first appears in G major in Haydn’s 1772 symphony no. 47 (Hob. I:47), and in the following year in A major as the minuet of his keyboard sonata in that key (Hob. XVI:26), where the trio is also a palindrome. The "Oxford" nickname stuck, though the symphony had actually been written in 1789 for performance in Paris. The degree was conferred fairly soon after Haydn’s first arrival in England, and as he had not by then finished composing any of the twelve "London" symphonies which he ultimately wrote for England, he brought to the Oxford ceremony his most recently completed example in the form.

title: Symphony No. 72 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 72 in D major (Hoboken 1/72) is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was probably composed between 1763 and 1765. The date of this composition is earlier than its number suggests. This work is not well chronologically placed in the Hoboken numbering system: it was composed fifteen to twenty years before the neighboring works.

title: Symphony No. 59 (Haydn)

text: The symphony has long been popularly known as the Feuer or Fire symphony. As with most other monikers attached to Haydn's symphonies, the name itself did not originate with the composer. For a long time, the attributed title was thought to refer to the fiery nature of the composition, particularly the rather unusually spirited first movement (marked Presto, a tempo indication more typical of final movements) and the brief but energetic last movement, which features prominent horn fanfares and corruscating runs on the strings. However, there is nothing particularly distinguishing about any of the movements that would make it more impassioned than other symphonic compositions by Haydn during this period.

title: Symphony No. 66 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 66 in B flat major (Hoboken I/66) is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The time of composition is uncertain, with one speculation from around 1775–1776. The symphony is scored for two oboes, two bassoons, two horns and strings.L.P. Burstein has noted Haydn's use of the VII chord and the VII → V progression in the first movement. A.P. Brown has noted how Haydn reworked material from the symphony's first movement into other compositions, including an overture in D and two other symphonies.

title: Symphony No. 40 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 40 in F major, Hoboken I/40, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. Despite its number, Haydn had composed this symphony by 1763, long before the other symphonies numbered in the 30s and 40s in Hoboken's catalog. Chronologically, the symphony belongs with no. 13 and has stylistic similarities with Haydn's earliest symphonic output.

title: Symphony No. 68 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 68 in B flat major, Hoboken I/68, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was composed by 1779.

title: Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy

text: There is no sign that Nikolaus had any real interest in Haydn's string quartets, now considered among his greatest works. However, there is one area of Haydn's œuvre where Nikolaus can be uncontroversially considered a great patron of musical arts, as he was the primary sponsor of Haydn's series of symphonies. Of the 106 symphonies, those following the series written for Count Morzin (Haydn's first employer) and for Paul Anton, and before the Paris symphonies of the late 1780s, were written specifically at Nikolaus's instigation. They were premiered by a small orchestra that Nikolaus provided to Haydn, giving the composer ample rehearsal time, salary levels to attract top personnel, and full artistic control. Few composers can ever have claimed to have possessed such an incubator for their creations, and the symphonies that Haydn wrote for this ensemble can fairly be regarded as Nikolaus's gift to posterity.

title: Symphony No. 57 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 57 in D major, Hoboken I/57, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was composed in 1774, under the auspices of Nikolaus Esterhazy, for whom he would compose symphonies for until 1789. It is scored for two oboes, two horns and strings.Daniel Heartz has noted Haydn's use of a "repeated D motif", from the very beginning of the symphony throughout the work. The second movement is structured as a theme with four variations. The finale is based on a traditional melody which was also used by Baroque composer Alessandro Poglietti in his composition "Canzona and Capriccio on the Racket of Hen and Rooster". Here, the melody is adapted to a tarantella/saltarello dance rhythm similar to the previous Symphony No. 56.

title: Symphony No. 65 (Haydn)

text: Symphony No. 65 in A major, Hoboken I/65, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn which was composed by 1778.

title: Symphony No. 9 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 9 in C major, Hoboken I/9, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was composed in 1762, under the auspices of Nikolaus Esterházy, who allowed the symphony to be performed in Eisenstadt.

title: Symphony No. 98 (Haydn)

text: The Symphony No. 98 in B major, Hoboken I/98, is the sixth of the twelve London symphonies (numbers 93–104) composed by Joseph Haydn. It was completed in 1792 as part of the set of symphonies composed on his first trip to London. It was first performed at the Hanover Square Rooms in London on 2 March 1792.

title: Symphony No. 77 (Haydn)

text: It is not known how much Haydn knew of the tastes of English audiences, but the three symphonies do possess a polish and style typical of London composers such as Johann Christian Bach and Carl Friedrich Abel. As noted in the letter, the winds have very few measures where they do not support the strings, they are used primarily to add colour.

title: Symphony No. 67 (Haydn)

text: Symphony No. 67 in F major, Hoboken I/67, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. It was composed by 1779. The Haydn scholar H. C. Robbins Landon calls this work "one of the most boldly original symphonies of this period."

title: Symphony No. 78 (Haydn)

text: In 1782, almost a decade before Haydn composed the first of his famous London symphonies, he composed a trio of symphonies – 76, 77 and 78 – for a trip to London which fell through. Haydn wrote the following to his Paris music publisher Boyer on July 15, 1783:

title: Symphony No. 77 (Haydn)


query: What was Julia Louis-Dreyfus's first screen acting role?

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: Louis-Dreyfus subsequently became a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1982 to 1985, the youngest female cast member in the history of the program at that time.[5] During her time on SNL, she appeared alongside several actors who would later rise to prominence, such as Eddie Murphy, Jim Belushi, Billy Crystal, and Martin Short. It was during her third and final year on SNL that she met writer Larry David during his only year on the show,[21] who would later co-create Seinfeld.[5] Louis-Dreyfus has commented that her casting on SNL was a "Cinderella-getting-to-go-to-the-ball kind of experience";[22] however, she has also admitted that at times it was often quite tense, stating that she "didn't know how to navigate the waters of show business in general and specifically doing a live sketch-comedy show".[23]

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: Julia Scarlett Elizabeth Louis-Dreyfus[1] (/ˈluːiˈdraɪfəs/; born January 13, 1961)[2] is an American actress, comedian, and producer. In television comedy, she is known for her work in Saturday Night Live (1982–1985), Seinfeld (1989–1998), The New Adventures of Old Christine (2006–2010), and Veep (2012–present). She is one of the most awarded actors in American television history, winning more Emmy Awards and more Screen Actors Guild Awards than any other performer (eight of the Emmy awards were for acting, tying Cloris Leachman for the most acting Primetime Emmy wins; she has also received three Emmy Awards for producing).

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: In May 2006, Louis-Dreyfus hosted an episode of Saturday Night Live, becoming the first former female cast member to return to the show in the hosting role.[23] In the episode, she appeared with former Seinfeld mates Jason Alexander and Jerry Seinfeld in her opening monologue, parodying the so-called "Seinfeld curse".[39] After a successful reception from her 2006 episode, Louis-Dreyfus was invited again to host SNL on March 17, 2007, and again on April 17, 2016. Louis-Dreyfus reprised her role as Gloria in two Simpsons episodes: 2007's "I Don't Wanna Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" and 2008's "Sex, Pies and Idiot Scrapes". In the fall of 2009, she appeared with rest of the cast of Seinfeld in four episodes of the seventh season of Larry David's sitcom Curb Your Enthusiasm. The reunion shows received much media attention, and the episode received strong ratings for the HBO series.[40]

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: On September 28, 2017, Louis-Dreyfus announced on Twitter her diagnosis of breast cancer – a diagnosis she received one day after receiving a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for her role in Veep.[84]

title: Seinfeld (season 3)

text: The series was set predominantly in an apartment block on New York City's Upper West Side; however, the third season was shot and mostly in filmed CBS Studio Center in Studio City, California. The show features Jerry Seinfeld as himself, Jason Alexander as George Costanza, Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Elaine Benes, and Michael Richards as Kramer. Due to Julia Louis-Dreyfus's off-screen pregnancy, her character had to spend the latter half of this season hiding her belly behind furniture and laundry baskets. Harris Shore played the role of Mr. Lippman in "The Library"; however, Richard Fancy took over the role for the remainder of the series. The Babu Bhatt character was originally scripted under the name of Vong Sim, but was later changed.

title: Enough Said

text: Neither Julia Louis-Dreyfus nor James Gandolfini was Holofcener's first choice to play the lead roles. Louis-Dreyfus was cast after she approached Holofcener to express her interest in appearing in one of Holofcener's films. Holofcener's first choice as Albert was Louis C.K., who read part of the script but was not interested in the role. Gandolfini did not feel that he was right for the part, but Holofcener later described him as "perfect". Catherine Keener, who played Marianne, is a frequent collaborator of Holofcener's, having appeared in all four previous films that Holofcener had directed.

text: Julia Louis-Dreyfus has been nominated for nine Golden Globe Awards, winning one for Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film for her role as Elaine Benes on "Seinfeld" (1995). She has also been nominated for twenty-one Screen Actors Guild Awards and has won five for individual performance (nine all together) for her portrayals on "Seinfeld" (1997–98) and "Veep" (2014, 2017–18).

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: Louis-Dreyfus also received considerable critical acclaim for her performance on the show, with Brian Lowry of Variety stating that Louis-Dreyfus broke the so-called "Seinfeld curse [...] with one of the best conventional half-hours to come along in a while."[37] Alessandra Stanley from The New York Times asserted that Louis-Dreyfus' performance on the series proved she is "one of the funniest women on network television."[38] Louis-Dreyfus additionally earned the 2006 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for her performance in the first season. Referring to the curse, she stated in her acceptance speech, "I'm not somebody who really believes in curses, but curse this, baby!"[5] Throughout the course of the series, she received five consecutive Emmy Award nominations, three consecutive Satellite Award nominations, two Screen Actors Guild Award nominations, and a nomination for a Golden Globe Award. In 2007, she also received two nominations for a People's Choice Award due to her return to popularity, thanks to the success of Old Christine.

title: Pierre Louis-Dreyfus

text: Pierre Louis-Dreyfus was born on May 17, 1908 in Paris, one of four children born to Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870–1929), a merchant and ship-owner, and Sarah Germaine Hément. His family was Jewish. His paternal grandfather, Léopold Louis-Dreyfus, founded the Louis Dreyfus Group in 1851. He had two siblings, brother François Louis Dreyfus (1909–1958) and sister, Arlette Louis Dreyfus (1911–2001). His granddaugther is Julia Louis-Dreyfus.

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: The first season was filmed in the fall of 2011, in Baltimore, and the series premiered on April 22, 2012.[51] The premiere episode was met with high praise from critics, particularly for Louis-Dreyfus' performance. The Hollywood Reporter asserted that the character of Selina Meyer was her "best post-Seinfeld role" to date and claimed that she gives "an Emmy-worthy effort",[52] while the Los Angeles Times contended that the series demonstrates that she is "one of the medium's great comediennes."[53] Following the success of the first season, Louis-Dreyfus was named by the Huffington Post as one of the funniest people of 2012, asserting that she is the "most magnetic and naturally funny woman on TV since Mary Tyler Moore."[54]

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: Louis-Dreyfus's maternal half-sister, Lauren Bowles (born 1970), is also an actress, who has appeared with Louis-Dreyfus on Seinfeld, Watching Ellie, The New Adventures of Old Christine, and Veep. She also has two paternal half-sisters whose mother is Phyllis Louis-Dreyfus: Phoebe (born c. 1968)[67] and Emma (June 16, 1974 – August 13, 2018).[68][69][70] Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1946–2009), one of her cousins, was former CEO of Adidas and owner of the Olympique de Marseille football club.[71]

title: Louis Dreyfus Company

text: Léopold Louis-Dreyfus's great-grandson, Gérard Louis-Dreyfus, was chairman of Louis Dreyfus Energy Services, a subsidiary of the group involved in crude-oil trading, gas investments and infrastructure. Gérard is also the father of American actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus, the Emmy-winning star of "Seinfeld". Another branch of the dynasty, based in Paris, was headed by Robert Louis-Dreyfus (who was also the CEO of Adidas) until his death in 2009. It is currently overseen by his widow, Russian-born Margarita Bogdanova Louis-Dreyfus. A third branch of the family's business is headed by Philippe Louis-Dreyfus (born 1945) and is concerned primarily with offshore industrial activities and freight shipping operations.

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: Louis-Dreyfus has stated that she holds much respect for "women who are not afraid of making themselves look bad or foolish to get a laugh", and cites her acting idols as Lucille Ball, Mary Tyler Moore, Madeline Kahn, Teri Garr, Valerie Harper, and Cloris Leachman.[75] Actress Tina Fey has stated that Louis-Dreyfus served as inspiration for her character Liz Lemon on the award-winning NBC comedy series 30 Rock.[76]

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: In the early 1990s, Louis-Dreyfus became famous for the role of Elaine Benes on NBC's Seinfeld. She played the role for nine seasons, appearing in all but three episodes.[5] One of the episodes that she did not appear in was the inaugural pilot episode, "The Seinfeld Chronicles", because her character was not initially intended to be a part of the series. It was only after the first episode that NBC executives felt the show was too male-centric, and demanded that creators Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David add a woman to the cast. It was revealed in the commentary on the DVD package that the addition of a female character was the condition for commissioning the show. Louis-Dreyfus won the role over several other actresses who would also eventually enjoy their own TV success, including Patricia Heaton, Rosie O'Donnell and Megan Mullally.[25]

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: In fall 2010, Louis-Dreyfus made a guest appearance on the live episode of the Emmy-winning comedy 30 Rock. She played Tina Fey's role of Liz Lemon in the cutaway shots. Louis-Dreyfus was among several Saturday Night Live alumni appearing in the episode, including Rachel Dratch, Bill Hader, and regulars Tracy Morgan, Alec Baldwin, and Fey herself. Louis-Dreyfus also starred in a "Women of SNL" special November 1, 2010, on NBC.

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: Louis-Dreyfus has received eleven Emmy Awards, eight for acting and three for producing, with a total of 24 nominations throughout her career. She has also received a Golden Globe Award, nine Screen Actors Guild Awards, five American Comedy Awards, and two Critics' Choice Television Awards. Louis-Dreyfus received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2010, and was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 2014. In 2016, Time named Louis-Dreyfus one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list.[3] In 2018 she received the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor, presented by the Kennedy Center as America's highest comedy honor.[4]

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: Louis-Dreyfus was interested in the role of Susan Mayer on Desperate Housewives, the role that ultimately went to Teri Hatcher.[34] Instead, Louis-Dreyfus scored a recurring guest role as the deceitful prosecutor and love interest of Michael Bluth on the Emmy-winning comedy Arrested Development, from 2004 to 2005.

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: In the spring of 2010, Louis-Dreyfus guest-starred several times in the third season of the web series Web Therapy, starring Lisa Kudrow. Louis-Dreyfus played the sister of the main character Fiona Wallice, who gives her therapy online. When the series made the transition to cable television on the Showtime network, Louis-Dreyfus' appearance from the web series was included in the second season, airing in July 2012.[45]

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: Louis-Dreyfus was born in New York City. Her American-born mother, Judith (née LeFever), was a writer and special needs tutor,[5] and her French-born father, Gérard Louis-Dreyfus, chaired Louis Dreyfus Energy Services.

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: List of awards and nominations received by Julia Louis-Dreyfus Alfred Dreyfus – A distant relative at the center of the Dreyfus Affair miscarriage of justice

title: Elaine Benes

text: Elaine Marie Benes is a fictional character on the American television sitcom "Seinfeld" (1989–1998), played by Julia Louis-Dreyfus. Elaine's best friend is her ex-boyfriend Jerry Seinfeld, and she is also good friends with George Costanza and Cosmo Kramer. Julia Louis-Dreyfus received critical acclaim for her performance as Elaine, winning an Emmy, a Golden Globe and five SAG Awards. Julia Louis-Dreyfus reprised the role during season 41 of "Saturday Night Live".

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: In early 2011, HBO confirmed that Louis-Dreyfus had been cast in the lead role of U.S. Vice President Selina Meyer in a new satirical comedy series titled Veep. The series was commissioned for a first season of eight episodes. It was announced, in addition to her starring role, Louis-Dreyfus would also serve as a producer of the series.[48] In preparation for her role, Louis-Dreyfus spoke with two former vice presidents, including Al Gore,[49] senators, speechwriters, chiefs of staffs of various offices and schedulers.[21] Louis-Dreyfus has commended HBO for allowing the cast and crew to engage in a "protracted pre-production process", which included a six-week rehearsal period before filming began.[50]

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: In May and June 2011, Louis-Dreyfus teamed up with husband Brad Hall for her first short film, Picture Paris. This was the first time the couple had collaborated since their early-2000s NBC comedy Watching Ellie. Hall wrote and directed the film, while Louis-Dreyfus played the lead role of an ordinary woman with an extraordinary obsession with the city of Paris. The film premiered on January 29, 2012, at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival, and has received considerable critical acclaim.[46] It made its television premiere on HBO on December 17, 2012.[47]

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: Louis-Dreyfus has also received five Critics' Choice Television Award nominations, winning twice in 2013 and 2014, ten Screen Actors Guild Award nominations, winning twice in 2014 and 2017, and five Television Critics Association Award nominations, winning once in 2014. Her performance has additionally garnered her five Satellite Award nominations and five consecutive Golden Globe Award nominations.

text: The Screen Actors Guild Award is an accolade given by the Screen Actors Guild‐American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) to recognize outstanding performances in film and primetime television. Louis-Dreyfus has received nine awards from twenty-one nominations.

title: Gérard Louis-Dreyfus

text: Gérard C. Louis-Dreyfus (June 21, 1932 in Paris – September 16, 2016 in Mount Kisco, New York), also known to family as William, was a French-born American businessman. His net worth was estimated at $3.4 billion by "Forbes" in 2006. He was the chairman of Louis Dreyfus Energy Services and the great grandson of Léopold Louis-Dreyfus, founder of Louis Dreyfus Group. He was the father of actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus.

title: Christine Campbell (character)

text: Christine "Old Christine" Campbell (née Kimble) is the title character of The New Adventures of Old Christine, portrayed by Julia Louis-Dreyfus in her Primetime Emmy Award winning role. The series surrounds her as she starts to live a more complicated daily life when her ex-husband dates a younger woman, also named Christine. Julia Louis-Dreyfus received critical acclaim for her performance as Christine, winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2006.

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: Following her 1985 departure from SNL, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in several films, including the Woody Allen-directed Hannah and Her Sisters (1986); Soul Man (1986), starring C. Thomas Howell; and National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989), in which she starred alongside fellow SNL alum Chevy Chase. In 1987, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in the NBC sitcom pilot The Art of Being Nick, an intended spin-off from Family Ties starring Scott Valentine. When the pilot did not make it to series, Louis-Dreyfus was retained by producer Gary David Goldberg for a role on his new sitcom Day by Day, as the sarcastic and materialistic neighbor, Eileen Swift. Premiering in early 1988, Day by Day aired for two seasons on NBC before being cancelled.[24]

title: Julia Louis-Dreyfus

text: She is a great-great-granddaughter of Léopold Louis-Dreyfus, who in 1851 founded the Louis Dreyfus Group, a French commodities and shipping conglomerate, which members of her family control into the 21st century.[6] Her paternal grandfather, Pierre Louis-Dreyfus, was president of the Louis Dreyfus Group.[7] Pierre was from an Alsatian Jewish family;[8][9] he remained in France during World War II, fighting as a cavalry officer and later in the French Resistance.[10] Her paternal grandmother was born in America to parents from Brazil (of German descent) and Mexico; during the 1940s, she moved Julia's father to America from France.[11][12]

title: Robert Louis-Dreyfus

text: Louis-Dreyfus was married twice. After divorcing his first wife, Sarah Oberholzer, in 1989, he met his second wife Margarita Bogdanova, whom he married in 1992 and with whom he had three sons: Eric, Maurice, and Kyril. Louis-Dreyfus identified as an agnostic. Actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus is his cousin.

title: List of Curb Your Enthusiasm recurring roles

text: Julia Louis-Dreyfus (as a fictionalized version of herself, Seasons 1–2, 7) is an actress Larry worked with on "Seinfeld" and "Saturday Night Live". They have known each other since 1984. Julia Louis-Dreyfus first appeared in the Season 1 episode, "The Wire." In the episode "The Wire", Larry and Cheryl have been trying to convince their neighbors, the Weinstocks, to help get an electrical wire removed from their property. In order to sign off on it, the Weinstocks, who are big "Seinfeld" fans, wanted to meet Julia Louis-Dreyfus. In Season 2, Larry worked on a sitcom with Julia, but the project fell through with ABC, CBS, and HBO. Julia returned in Season 7 to star in a "Seinfeld" reunion episode.


query: Who is head coach of the Rouen Baseball 76?

title: Huskies de Rouen

text: François Colombier, who joined the staff as vice-president in the mid-1990s would also be a name associated with Rouen baseball success in the ensuing years. Rouen has been managed by the Venezuelan Keino Perez since 2012.

title: Smoke Laval

text: Raymond Peter "Smoke" Laval (born December 20, 1955) is an American college baseball coach who was the head coach of the University of North Florida Ospreys. He is a former head coach of the Louisiana State University Tigers and the University of Louisiana at Monroe Indians baseball teams. He has led his teams to two College World Series, five conference championships, and seven NCAA Division I Baseball Championship appearances, and has received a number of coaching awards.

title: Florida Gators baseball

text: During most of Florida baseball's early existence, the new university's athletic association suffered from a lack of financial resources, and few of the head baseball coaches were full-time baseball coaches. William G. Kline was also the athletic director, head football coach, and head basketball coach; James L. White was Florida's athletic director and head basketball coach; Brady Cowell, Ben Clemons and Lewie Hardage were assistant football coaches; and Sam McAllister was the head basketball coach and an assistant football coach. A notable exception was Lance Richbourg, who was a Florida alumnus and a Major League Baseball outfielder for the Boston Braves and others, and led the Gators to an impressive 39–21 overall record (a .650 winning percentage) in 1922, 1923 and 1926. McAllister was the Gators' last pre-World War II coach, and he returned from military service to lead the Gators baseball team again in 1946 and 1947.

title: Jack Lamabe

text: Lamabe also served as head baseball coach of the Jacksonville University from 1974 to 1978 compiling a record of 118–65. He was head coach of the LSU Tigers baseball team from 1979 until 1983 and compiled a record of 134–115. He was the first full-time head baseball coach in the history of the LSU baseball program and was replaced as head coach by Skip Bertman.

title: Mike McRae (baseball)

text: Mike McRae is a Canadian college baseball coach who is currently an assistant baseball coach at Virginia Commonwealth University. He was formerly the head coach of the Canisius Golden Griffins. McRae was Canisius's head coach from the start of the 2005 season to the end of the 2017 season. Under McRae in 2013, Canisius advanced to its first NCAA Tournament. Before becoming the head coach at Canisius, he was the head coach at Niagara from 2002–2004, and an assistant at several NCAA Division I programs from 1996–2001.

title: Oakland Golden Grizzlies

text: OU's baseball team is managed by co-head coaches Jacke Healey and Colin Kaline. They were named head coaches in July 2016. Kaline is the grandson of Detroit Tigers Baseball Hall of Famer Al Kaline. The baseball program has produced nearly two dozen players who have gone on to play professional baseball, although the only former player who has made it to Major League Baseball is Don Kirkwood, who pitched for the California Angels, the Chicago White Sox, and the Toronto Blue Jays during his career.

title: Huskies de Rouen

text: The Rouen Baseball 76 is a French professional baseball team. Founded in 1986, the team competes in the top league in France. The Huskies home stadium is Terrain Pierre Rolland, located in the capital city of Normandy, Rouen. Rouen has won 14 French Championships in the last 16 years, establishing itself as one of the best teams in France and Europe. The Huskies won their 14th French title in October 2018, and trail only Paris as the most titled team in French history. Rouen is currently ranked as the number 9 team in Europe (as of January 2018). The Huskies will open the 2019 season March 23 when they host Toulouse.

title: Rob McCoy

text: Rob McCoy is an American baseball coach, currently serving as the head baseball coach at Niagara University. After attending Clackamas Community College, McCoy attended college at Dakota Wesleyan University, where he played on the school's baseball team. After graduating from Dakota Wesleyan, McCoy served as an assistant baseball coach at Dakota Wesleyan in 2003, James Madison University in 2006, and Niagara University from 2007 to 2008. McCoy was named interim head baseball coach at Niagara University for the 2009 season. Following the conclusion of the 2009 season, McCoy was named the head baseball coach at Niagara on a permanent basis.

title: Mark Van Ameyde

text: Mark Van Ameyde is a college baseball coach who is currently the pitching coach for the Michigan State Spartans baseball team. He previously served as the head baseball coach of the Eastern Michigan Eagles baseball program. He was named to that position prior to the 2015 season.

title: John A. Warren

text: John Albert "Honest John" Warren (November 10, 1904 – March 10, 1981) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, baseball, and track. He served as the head football coach the University of Oregon for one season in 1942, tallying a mark of 2–6, and as the head basketball coach at Oregon for five seasons (1944–1945, 1947–1951), compiling a record of 87–76.

title: Kent State Golden Flashes baseball

text: Through the 2017 season, Kent State has had 17 head coaches in program history. In the early years of the program, a number of the head coaches also served in the same capacity for another sport, with two coaches serving as head coach for three sports. Alexander Whyte, the head custodian of the school, was also the first head coach of the men's basketball team for two seasons, from 1913–1915. Paul Chandler, who was a professor of education at Kent State, was the first head coach of the football team and coached football for the team's first three seasons (1920–1922) and men's basketball for four seasons (1919–1923) in addition to his duties during the 1922 baseball season. Merle Wagoner, a professor in physical education, was head coach for all three teams—football, men's basketball, and baseball—at the same time for eight seasons from 1925–1933, while Starn coached football for eight seasons (1935–1942) in addition to his three seasons as baseball head coach from 1936–1938.

title: Kevin O'Sullivan (baseball)

text: O'Sullivan accepted the baseball head coaching position at the University of Florida on June 13, 2007, replacing Pat McMahon after the Gators failed to receive an NCAA tournament bid in either 2006 or 2007. Florida is O'Sullivan's first head coaching job; he is the twenty-first head coach in the history of the Gators baseball program. He spent the previous nine seasons as an assistant coach for the Clemson Tigers baseball team of Clemson University under head coach Jack Leggett, first as the Tigers' pitching coach and recruiting coordinator, and later as Leggett's associate head coach. During his tenure at Clemson, twenty-nine of the pitchers he coached were selected in the MLB Draft.

title: List of Clemson Tigers head baseball coaches

text: The Clemson Tigers baseball program is a college baseball team that represents Clemson University in the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The team has had 27 head coaches since it started playing organized baseball in the 1896 season, but only 5 since the end of World War II. The current coach is Monte Lee, who took over the head coaching position in 2015.

title: Maurice J. "Clipper" Smith

text: Maurice J. "Clipper" Smith (October 15, 1898 – March 18, 1984) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, and baseball. He served as the head football coach at Gonzaga University (1925–1928), Santa Clara University (1929–1935), Villanova College—now known as Villanova University (1936–1942), the University of San Francisco (1946), and Lafayette College (1949–1951), compiling a career college football record of 108–76–12. Smith was also the head coach of the National Football League's Boston Yanks from 1947 to 1948, tallying a mark of 7–16–1. In addition, he was the head basketball coach at Gonzaga from 1925 to 1929 and the head baseball coach at the school for one season in 1926, notching a record of 4–11.

title: LSU Tigers baseball

text: In 1927, Harry Rabenhorst became head baseball coach and became the longest tenured head baseball coach in LSU history. Rabenhorst began his career at LSU in 1925 as the head coach of the men's basketball team and two years later, in 1927, he also added head baseball coach to his duties. As baseball coach, he won two SEC baseball titles and was named SEC Coach of the Year in 1939 and 1946. Rabenhorst coached the baseball team from 1927 until 1942 when he left to serve in World War II. When he returned, he again coached the baseball team from 1946 until 1956. He finished his baseball coaching career with a record of 220–226–3. Later, as an athletic department administrator, he became the school's athletic director in 1967.

title: Dragons de Rouen

text: Rouen Hockey Élite 76 is a French ice hockey team based in Rouen playing in the Ligue Magnus. The team is also known as Dragons de Rouen (Rouen Dragons).

title: Seth Wheeler (baseball)

text: Wheeler joined Emporia State University's baseball coaching staff in 2016 as an assistant coach. During his three years as an assistant coach, he helped the Hornets advance to the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA) and NCAA Tournaments each of the three years, winning the MIAA Tournament in 2017, and an overall record of 110–52, 76–34 conference record. On June 15, 2018, Wheeler was named the next head coach.

title: Coach (baseball)

text: In baseball, a number of coaches assist in the smooth functioning of a team. They are assistants to the manager, who determines the lineup and decides how to substitute players during the game. Beyond the manager, more than a half dozen coaches may assist the manager in running the team. Essentially, baseball coaches are analogous to assistant coaches in other sports, as the baseball manager is to the head coach.

title: New Mexico Lobos baseball

text: The Lobos' head coach since the 2008 season has been Ray Birmingham. He has a record of 240-174-1 .678) in seven seasons at head coach. He took over for Rich Alday, who coached the Lobos for 18 season (1990-2007) and posted a record of 515-513-3 (.501). Prior to him Vince Cappelli was coach for 13 seasons from 1977-89, and he obtained a record of 384-350-6 (.523). Bob Leigh was the head coach from 1966-76, and in his 11 season he coached the Lobos to a record of 309-212-2 (.593). The first post-WWII head coach for UNM was George Petrol who was in charge of the program from 1947-65. In his 19 seasons the Lobos posted a record of 195-240-1 (.448).

title: Moe Morhardt

text: After his playing career, Morhardt was the head baseball coach at The Gilbert School in Winsted, Connecticut from 1967–1987, also serving, at times, as the school's boys' soccer coach, boys' basketball coach, and athletic director. As head baseball coach, Morhardt had a record of 299-134, winning eight league titles and four Class M state championships. Starting prior to the 1988 season, Morhardt coached for seven seasons for the Hartford Hawks college baseball team, serving as an assistant from 1988–1992 and head coach from 1993–1994. From 1997–1999, he was the head coach of the Western Connecticut Colonials baseball team. Morhardt also spent time as the head coach of the Danbury Westerners of the New England Collegiate Baseball League, coaching the team from 1998–2004.

title: Norm Daniels (American football)

text:
In 1934, one of Daniels' coaches from the University of Michigan, Jack Blott,was hired as the head football coach at Wesleyan University. Daniels joined Blott at Wesleyan in 1934 as a physical education instructor and as an assistant football coach responsible for the ends and backs. Daniels remained at Wesleyan for 39 years, holding positions as the head coach of the football, basketball, baseball, wrestling, and squash teams. He was the school's head baseball coach for 33 years (1941 to 1973), the head football coach for 19 years (1945 to 1963), the head wrestling coach for nine years, the head basketball coach for three years (1944 to 1947), and the head squash coach for two years (1948 to 1950). He was named a full professor at Wesleyan in 1948.
In his 19 years as the head football coach, Daniels compiled a record of 76–61–10. He led the football team to a 25-game win streak, including four consecutive undefeated seasons from 1945 to 1948. After the 1948 season, Associated Press sports writer Lou Black wrote: "Want to know who really is the coach of the year? He's mild mannered Norm Daniels, the wizard of Wesleyan."

title: List of current NCAA Division I baseball coaches

text: The following is a list of current NCAA Division I baseball coaches. Currently, 300 programs compete at the Division I level in NCAA college baseball. Each program employs a head coach. The longest-tenured head coach is Tony Rossi, who has been the head coach at Siena since the start of the 1970 season.

title: Coach (sport)

text: In baseball, at least at the professional level in North America, the individual who heads the coaching staff does not use the title of "head coach", but is instead called the field manager. Baseball "coaches" at that level are members of the coaching staff under the overall supervision of the manager, with each coach having a specialized role. The baseball field manager is essentially equivalent a head coach in other American professional sports leagues; player transactions are handled by the general manager. The term "manager" used without qualification almost always refers to the field manager, while the general manager is often called the GM.

title: Brandeis Judges

text: Former head coach Pete Varney, who played Major League Baseball for the Chicago White Sox and Atlanta Braves, retired after 34 years of coaching. Derek Carlson, former player and assistant coach under Pete Varney, is the current head coach of the Brandeis Varsity Baseball program. Pitcher Nelson Figueroa is the first Brandeis graduate to play in Major League Baseball.

title: Ron Polk

text:
There were 185 players who played under him as a Head Coach, who signed professional baseball contracts, and 23 of these players played in the major leagues. He coached 35 All-Americans and 76 All-Southeastern Conference players. During his tenure at Mississippi State, Polk had eight players drafted in the first round of the professional baseball draft. He is one of only three coaches in college baseball history to coach at three different schools that have played in the College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska. Georgia Southern University – 1973; Mississippi State University – 1979, 1981, 1985, 1990, 1997, 2007; University of Georgia – 2001. He coached teams that played in Omaha over a period of five decades (nine appearances) including as an assistant coach at the University of Arizona in 1966.
Polk is a member of the following Six Halls of Fame; Georgia Southern University Hall of fame (1990). American Baseball Coaches Association Hall of Fame (1995). State of Mississippi Athletic Hall of Fame (1998). Mississippi State University Athletic Hall of Fame (1998). National College Baseball Hall of Fame (2009). Phoenix, Arizona High School District Hall of Fame (2017). He is a Former President of the American Baseball Coaches Association (1985). Winner of the Lefty Gomez Award which is the highest award given by the American Baseball Coaches Association (1988). Received the highest award given out by the state of Mississippi Athletic Hall of Fame- The "Rube" Award (2017). Mississippi State University named the baseball stadium The Polk-Dement Stadium (1997). Coach Polk has also completed seven tours on the U.S.A. National baseball team coaching staff serving as the head coach two times and as an assistant five times. He has coached in the Olympic Games two times once Seoul, South Korea in 1988 when the team won the gold medal and the other in Atlanta, Georgia in 1996 when the team won the Bronze medal. Polk authored "The Baseball Playbook", the leading textbook for baseball in college, and coauthored "The Baseball-Softball Playbook" with Donna Lopiano.

title: Bill Wilhelm

text: Bill Wilhelm (1929 – December 24, 2010) was an American college baseball coach who was the head coach of the Clemson Tigers from 1958 to 1993. In his 36 seasons as head coach, Wilhelm had a record of 1,161–536–10. Before coming to Clemson, Wilhelm played several seasons of minor league baseball and served one season as an assistant baseball coach at North Carolina.

title: Chris Harrison (baseball coach)

text: Chris Harrison is a former American baseball coach. He was the interim head coach of the Michigan Wolverines baseball team from October 2001 to May 2002. He joined the Michigan coaching staff in September 1995 as an assistant baseball coach under Geoff Zahn; he remained in that position for six years. During Harrison's single year as head coach, the Michigan baseball team led the Big Ten Conference in pitching but finished the season with a 21-32 record (14-17 in the Big Ten). Harrison resigned as head coach in late May 2002; he was replaced in June 2002 by Rich Maloney. Before coaching at Michigan, Harrison was the head baseball coach at The Master's College in Santa Clarita, California, from June 1990 to May 1994. In 1991, he led the Master's Mustangs to a school record 28 victories and was named the NAIA District 3 Coach of the Year. Through the 1991 season, he had become the only baseball coach in the school's history with a winning record. After the team finished at 14-32-2 in 1992, Harrison resigned at the request of school officials. His overall record at The Master's College was 83-100-2.

title: List of Oklahoma Sooners head baseball coaches

text: The Oklahoma Sooners baseball program is a college baseball team that represents the University of Oklahoma. The team has had eight head coaches since organized baseball began 1898 with the nickname "Sooners". The Sooners have played in more than 3,400 games during its 110 seasons. In those seasons, five coaches have won conference championships with the Sooners: Bill Owen, Lawrence Haskell, Jack Baer, Enos Semore and Larry Cochell. Two coaches have won national championships: Baer and Cochell. Semore is the all-time leader in games coached, years coached and wins. Owen is the overall leader in winning percentage. Baer is, in terms of winning percentage, the worst coach the Sooners have had. Of the eight head coaches, two have received National Coach of the Year honors. The current head coach is Sunny Golloway who was hired in July 2005.

title: Marvin M. Dickinson

text: Dickinson also served as the baseball coach in 1901. In 1902 and 1903, the team was coached by William A. Reynolds, who was also the head coach of the football team. When Reynolds left after the 1902 football season and the 1903 baseball season, Dickinson resumed his role as baseball coach for the 1904 and 1905 seasons. There is no information available on the 1901 season, but Dickinson had a coaching record of 18–14 in his last two seasons as baseball coach.

title: Gary Collins (baseball coach)

text: Garrett Ray Collins, known as Gary "Bo" Collins is a retired college head coach who coached the SIU Edwardsville Cougars baseball team from 1979 to 2012. His teams had 1028 career wins, making him the 56th winningest baseball coach in NCAA baseball and the seventh-highest winner among coaches in NCAA Division II.

title: List of Connecticut Huskies head baseball coaches

text: The Connecticut Huskies baseball program is a college baseball team that represents the University of Connecticut in the Big East Conference. The Huskies compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. The current head coach is Jim Penders, who will coach his tenth season in 2013.


query: When did the World Series of Poker start?

title: World Series of Poker

text: The idea of a World Series of Poker began in 1969 with an event called the Texas Gambling Reunion.[6] It was an invitational event sponsored by Tom Moore of San Antonio, Texas, and held at the Holiday Hotel and Casino in Reno.[6] This inaugural event was won by Crandell Addington. The set of tournaments that the World Series of Poker (WSOP) would evolve into was the brainchild of Las Vegas casino owner and poker player Benny Binion. In 1970, the first WSOP at Binion's Horseshoe took place as a series of cash games that included five-card stud, deuce to seven low-ball draw, razz, seven-card stud, and Texas hold 'em. The format for the Main Event as a freeze-out Texas hold 'em game came the next year. The winner in 1970, Johnny Moss, was elected by his peers as the first "World Champion of Poker" and received a silver cup as a prize.[6]

title: 1996 World Series of Poker

text:
The 1996 World Series of Poker (WSOP) was a series of poker tournaments held at Binion's Horseshoe. The 1996 World Series featured the first woman to win an open event outright when Barbara Enright won the $2,500 Pot Limit Hold'em event.
There were 295 entrants to the main event. Each entrant paid $10,000 to enter the tournament.

title: Nick Geber

text: Geber left "WSD" in order to pursue poker on a full-time basis, but returned occasionally as a guest host. Howard Rogers took his place, while FSC analyst Nick Webster replaced Geber on "Fox Football Fone-in". He was also the voice of the World Series of Poker Circuit and was the announcer for the Aruba Poker Classic as well as the Asian Pacific Poker Tour (APPT) Sydney Grand Final and the APPT Tournament of Champions. He co-hosted World Series of Poker Radio in 2008 and was the lead announcer alongside "Howard David" at the 39th, 40th and 41st Annual World Series of Poker. Geber also hosted the Bluff Magazine show "Poker Night Radio" on Sirius, and was the lead live play by play announcer from the World Series of Poker and World Series of Poker Europe on ESPN.

title: World Series of Poker Circuit

text: The World Series of Poker Circuit is a series of poker tournaments held annually at a variety of casinos since 2005 as a build-up to the World Series of Poker (WSOP).

title: Jack Keller (poker player)

text: Keller won the 1984 World Series of Poker Main Event, three WSOP bracelets and more than $1,580,000 in tournament play at the World Series of Poker during his career. He also won two Super Bowl of Poker Main events when the SBOP was considered the second most prestigious tournament in the world.

title: Freddy Rouhani

text: Rouhani has seven cashes at the World Series of Poker (WSOP), His largest cash was when he finished runner-up to Justin Scott in the $2,000 No Limit Hold'em event at the 2006 World Series of Poker, earning $429,065. His highest finish at the Main Event was 293rd place at the 2005 World Series of Poker, earning $24,365. At the 2008 World Series of Poker, he won his first bracelet in the $2,500 Omaha/Seven Card Stud Hi-Low-8 or Better event, earning $232,911.

title: World Series of Poker Africa

text: The World Series of Poker Africa (WSOPA) is the second expansion effort of World Series of Poker-branded poker tournaments outside the United States. Since 1970, participants had to travel to Las Vegas if they wanted to compete in the World Series of Poker (WSOP). Although the WSOP started holding circuit events in 2005 in other states, the main tournaments, which awarded bracelets to the winners, were exclusively held in Las Vegas. In 2007, the inaugural World Series of Poker Europe marked the first time that a WSOP bracelet was awarded outside Las Vegas. In 2010, the WSOP expanded overseas once again, only this time to Gauteng, South Africa. While the WSOPE awarded bracelets, the WSOPA was considered a circuit event with the winners receiving Championship Rings instead of bracelets. The WSOPA did not occur in 2011, but the series of tournaments resumed in 2012.

title: World Series of Poker

text: Only "open" events in which all players can participate count in the standings; this eliminates the Seniors, Ladies, and Casino Employee events.[22] Beginning with the 2006 World Series of Poker, the Main Event and the $50,000 H.O.R.S.E. competition had no effect on the outcome of the winner of the Player of the Year award. In the 2008 World Series of Poker, the $50,000 H.O.R.S.E. event counted toward the Player of the Year award, but the Main Event did not. Since 2009, all open events, including the Main Event, count towards Player of the Year. The Player of the Year standings were based upon performance solely at the WSOP in Las Vegas up until 2010, but beginning in 2011 have also taken the World Series of Poker Europe into account, and starting in 2013 also include events in the World Series of Poker Asia Pacific. The 2011 WSOP Player of the Year organized by Bluff Magazine used a different scoring system which took into account field sizes and buy-in amounts when calculating points earned.[23] This scoring system has been used ever since.

title: Loni Harwood

text: Harwood won two World Series of Poker circuit rings in 2012: 2012 WSOP Circuit - Palm Beach Kennel Club 500-entrant $300 + $45 buy-in No-Limit Hold'em Event 2 for $30,994, and 2012 WSOP Circuit - Harrah's New Orleans 345-entrant $355 buy-in No-Limit Hold'em Event 4 for $23,090. The former was her first ever WSOP Circuit event. She earned her first bracelet by winning the 2,541-entrant $1,500 No Limit Hold'em and its $609,017 prize. Her victory at the 2013 World Series of Poker was historic: it made her the second woman (Cyndy Violette, 2005) to make three final tables in a single World Series and the first to win a bracelet in the same year she did so; it moved her into third place in the 2013 World Series of Poker Player of the Year race; and it moved her into eighth place on the all-time female World Series earnings list. Additionally, her $609,017 is the highest payout to a woman in any Las Vegas event in World Series of Poker history (second in overall World Series of Poker Europe history to Annette Obrestad's £1,000,000 from the 2007 World Series of Poker Europe main event) and her $874,698 total at the 2013 World Series of Poker is the highest female total in a single World Series.

title: World Series of Poker

text: The World Series of Poker (WSOP) is a series of poker tournaments[1] held annually in Las Vegas and, since 2005, sponsored by Caesars Entertainment Corporation (known as Harrah's Entertainment until 2010). It dates its origins to 1970, when Benny Binion invited seven of the best-known poker players to the Horseshoe Casino for a single tournament, with a set start and stop time, and a winner determined by a secret ballot of the seven players.[2]

title: Crown Melbourne

text: The Crown is also one of the major centres for competitive poker in the Asia-Pacific region. It annually hosts the Aussie Millions, currently the Southern Hemisphere's richest poker event. Starting in 2013, it became home to the World Series of Poker Asia-Pacific, the latest expansion of the World Series of Poker.

title: World Series of Poker Casino Employee Championship

text: The World Series of Poker (WSOP), held annually in Las Vegas, is "the oldest, largest, most prestigious, and most media-hyped gaming competition in the world". In 2000, the WSOP started to honor Casino Employees by offering a bracelet event that only they could enter. The first tournament was called the "Dealers World Poker Championship" because it was limited to poker dealers. The following year the field was open to all casino employees.

title: 2011 World Series of Poker Circuit

text: Starting with the 2011 WSOP Circuit, the Circuit National Championship was held as a closed event for participants of various circuit events. The first Circuit National Championship was held at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. The winner of this event received a World Series of Poker bracelet—the first ever to be awarded in an event other than the main Las Vegas World Series of Poker or the World Series of Poker Europe.

title: Konstantin Puchkov

text: Konstantin Puchkov (born 1952) is a Russian poker player, horse trainer and horse breeder from Moscow. He was the fourth Russian-born player to earn a World Series of Poker bracelet. He is best known for having earned a World Series of Poker bracelet in his first World Series of Poker in the money finish (2010 World Series of Poker Event #31: H.O.R.S.E., $1,500 buy-in) and setting the record for most in the money finishes at one series during the 2012 World Series of Poker (11).

title: Kevin Song

text: Kevin Song is a Korean-American professional poker player who started playing poker since 1980 and began playing in poker tournaments since 1994 where he has cashed in many of them throughout his poker career, among them are 39 cashes at the World Series of Poker including winning the 1997 World Series of Poker $2,000 buy-in Limit Hold'em event.

title: Professional Poker Tour

text: The Professional Poker Tour (PPT) was a series of televised poker tournaments, spinning off from the World Poker Tour (WPT) television series. It billed itself as the first professional poker league, and was limited to players who have established themselves on the World Poker Tour, World Series of Poker, or major participation on the poker circuit.

title: World Championship Poker

text: World Championship Poker is a series of poker video games first developed by Coresoft and released in 2005 by Crave Entertainment. The series capitalizes on the recent popularity of poker due to the successful World Series of Poker.

title: PokerNews

text: In May 2007, PokerNews was named the exclusive Live Reporting Partner to World Series of Poker, replacing previous partner Card Player magazine. PokerNews produces and provides live play-by-play updates and chip counts for publication on the World Series of Poker website, as well as on PokerNews.com. The partnership has continued for over 7 years. PokerNews has covered events all over the world including those on the European Poker Tour, Asia Pacific Poker Tour, Caribbean Poker Tour, World Poker Tour, Aussie Millions, Latin American Poker Tour, UK and Ireland Poker Tour, National Heads-Up Poker Championship, and of course the World Series of Poker.

title: Abi Titmuss

text: Titmuss started playing poker "seriously" around 2001. In 2008, Titmuss played in the charity, side-event "Ante Up For Africa" of the World Series of Poker, in Las Vegas. Ladbrokes Poker started sponsoring her in 2005, when she appeared in the first Ladbrokes Poker European Ladies Championship.

title: Poker Hall of Fame

text: Before the 2009 World Series of Poker, then-WSOP Commissioner Jeffrey Pollack announced that the process for becoming a member into the Poker Hall of Fame would undergo a slight modification. Starting in 2009, the Poker Hall of Fame started accepting nominations from the public. This move was intended to increase interest in the Hall. Almost immediately after this decision was announced, Party Poker started an online campaign to get its representative and World Poker Tour commentator Mike Sexton elected to the Hall. Other poker sites, namely PokerStars' Tom McEvoy, followed suit by pushing their own poker professionals. The requirements for the Poker Hall of Fame are as follows:

title: World Series of Poker Asia Pacific

text: The World Series of Poker Asia Pacific (WSOP APAC) is the third expansion of the World Series of Poker-branded poker tournaments outside the United States. Since 1970 participants have had to travel to Las Vegas, Nevada to compete in the World Series of Poker (WSOP). Although the WSOP started holding circuit events in 2005 in other states, the main tournaments, which awarded bracelets to the winners, were exclusively held in Las Vegas. In 2007 the inaugural World Series of Poker Europe marked the first time that a WSOP bracelet was awarded outside Las Vegas. The WSOP further expanded to Africa in 2010 and 2012 however these events did not award any bracelets.

title: Perry Friedman

text: Friedman has cashed 33 times at the World Series of Poker (WSOP), winning the 2002 World Series of Poker $1,500 Limit Omaha Hi-Low Split-8 or Better event, earning $176,860, he also has made six other final tables, 3rd in the $2,500 Seven-card stud event at the 2000 World Series of Poker won by Chris Ferguson, 4th at the 2002 World Series of Poker in the $2,000 S.H.O.E. event won by Phil Ivey, 3rd in the $2,000 No Limit Hold'em event at the 2005 World Series of Poker won by Erik Seidel, 7th in the 2007 World Series of Poker $3,000 No Limit Hold'em event won by Shankar Pillai, 4th in the 2012 World Series of Poker $5,000 Seven-card stud event won by John Monnette, and 3rd in the 2017 World Series of Poker $10,000 Seven-card stud event won by Mike Wattel.

title: Mikhail Lakhitov

text: Mikhail Lakhitov (born 1981) is a Russian professional poker player. In June 2011, he became one of the top 20 ranked players in the world. He has one World Series of Poker bracelet and seven career World Series of Poker (WSOP) in the money finishes, all in the time since he started playing in 2010.

title: World Series of Poker bracelet

text: Starting in 2013, bracelets are also awarded in Australia at the World Series of Poker Asia-Pacific, held at Crown Melbourne.

title: Andy Black (poker player)

text:
At the 2007 World Series of Poker, Black finished in the money in two Pot Limit Omaha events, finishing 7th and 11th respectively.
At the 2007 World Series of Poker Main Event, Black played day 1A. He was one of the early chip leaders, building his stack from 20,000 to over 80,000. Despite this, Black did not make it past day 1. He was eliminated when his 45 ran into AA on a 433 flop.

title: Bambi Francisco

text: Bambi's father is Noli Francisco (born November 13 in Cebu, Philippines). Francisco is a Filipino American poker player and entrepreneur. In 1992 World Series of Poker, Francisco finished 2nd. At the 1993 World Series of Poker, Francisco finished 2nd, when he lost to Phil Hellmuth. In September 2003, Noli won the World Poker Tour (WPT) second season Borgata Poker Open, winning $470,000. The final table included top professional players Carlos Mortensen and David Oppenheim.

title: Greg Merson

text: His first World Series of Poker (WSOP) in the money finish was at the 2009 World Series of Poker Main Event where he finished 639th in a field of 6,494 entries for a $21,365 payday. He earned his first bracelet at the 2012 474-player $10,000 six-handed Texas hold'em World Championship. The win set a record for the shortest day of poker in the history of the WSOP, when it was extended to a fourth day and he won on the second hand of the day, according to ESPN. Other sources report that he won on the first hand of Day 4. On Day 3 of the event he started in 12th place out of 27 contestants.

title: World Poker Tour bracelet

text: The World Poker Tour bracelet is the World Poker Tour's (WPT) answer to the World Series of Poker (WSOP) bracelet. Beginning in 1976, the WSOP started awarding bracelets to winners of WSOP events. The WSOP bracelet has become synonymous with greatness. "It's impossible to overstate the value of a World Series of Poker gold bracelet to anyone who takes the game seriously," stated World Series of Poker Commissioner Jeffrey Pollack during the 2006 bracelet unveiling. "It is the equivalent of winning the Stanley Cup in hockey or the Lombardi Trophy in football." Since their introduction, a poker player's success has been measured by the number of bracelets they had won. With introduction of the WPT bracelet, the WPT hopes to capitalize on the prestige of winning poker bracelets. WPT Founder, President and CEO, Steve Lipscomb said, "The championship bracelet has become synonymous with poker as a symbol of achievement and respect, and we are honored to continue the tradition that Benny Binion [the founder of the WSOP] began over 30 years ago."

title: J. C. Pearson (poker player)

text: When J. C. won his bracelet, he and brother Puggy became the first brothers to win bracelets at the World Series of Poker. They held that distinction until the 2008 World Series of Poker when brothers Blair Hinkle and Grant Hinkle both won a bracelet.

title: The Player Channel

text: The Poker Channel broadcast a range of poker related programmes acquired from around the world such as the World Series of Poker, the World Series of Poker Europe, the Aussie Millions, the Irish Open, the Grosvenor UK Poker Tour, the Great British Poker Tour, Poker Island TV, the World Series of Backgammon, the Million Dollar Cash Game, the Poker Nations Cup, the World Poker Crown, The World Heads-up Championship and the World Poker Tour. The Poker Channel has also commissioned or produced poker programmes such as the PokerHeaven.com European Cash Game which featured WSOP 2008 winner Peter Eastgate, the British Poker Open, Cash Game Master Class, live broadcasts of online tournaments, 12 Steps to Poker Heaven, and the European Poker Masters. With the rebrand, casino and trading shows were also added. All this programming was dropped in favour of video game programming when the channel was acquired by Gynx TV.

title: Bruce Buffer

text: Buffer is a world-rated poker player on the professional circuit. He has appeared on ESPN's "World Series of Poker Main Event" show playing World Champion Chris Moneymaker at the televised table in 2007 and in 2005 made the Final Table of the World Poker Tour in the Season 3 Invitational at the Commerce Casino, where he placed 6th. He appeared on an MMA versus poker pro match during the sixth season of the NBC show "Poker After Dark" along with Strikeforce Fighter Dan Henderson and UFC Fighter Randy Couture. Buffer outlasted them as well as pros Erick Lindgren and Patrik Antonius to finish second, losing in heads-up play to Howard Lederer. At the World Series of Poker 2010 main event final table he was given the honor of starting the final table with the poker phrase "Shuffle up and deal!" As of September 2010, the Luxor Las Vegas has named their poker room after Bruce Buffer.


query: Which Indian god has the head of an elephant?

title: Ganesha

text: Although he is known by many attributes, Ganesha's elephant head makes him easy to identify.[8] Ganesha is widely revered as the remover of obstacles,[9] the patron of arts and sciences and the deva of intellect and wisdom.[10] As the god of beginnings, he is honoured at the start of rites and ceremonies. Ganesha is also invoked as patron of letters and learning during writing sessions.[11][2] Several texts relate mythological anecdotes associated with his birth and exploits and explain his distinct Ganesha likely emerged as a deity as early as the 2nd century CE,[12] but most certainly by the 4th and 5th centuries CE, during the Gupta period, although he inherited traits from Vedic and pre-Vedic precursors.[13] Hindu mythology identifies him as the restored son of Parvati and Shiva of the Shaivism tradition, but he is a pan-Hindu god found in its various traditions.[14][15] In the Ganapatya tradition of Hinduism, Ganesha is the supreme deity.[16] The principal texts on Ganesha include the Ganesha Purana, the Mudgala Purana, and the Ganapati Atharvashirsa. Brahma Purana and Brahmanda Purana are other two Puranic genre encyclopedic texts that deal with Ganesha.

title: Chintamani Temple, Theur

text: The Chintamani Temple of Theur is a Hindu temple dedicated to Ganesha, the elephant-headed god of wisdom. Located from Pune, the temple is "one of the larger and more famous" of the Ashtavinayaka, the eight revered shrines of Ganesha in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

title: Cultural depictions of elephants

text: Elephants can also represent the hugeness and wildness of the imagination, as in Ursula Dubosarsky's 2012 children's book, "Too Many Elephants in This House", which also plays with the notion of the elephant in the room. An imaginary elephant can (perhaps) become real, as with the elusive Heffalump. Although never specified as an elephant in A. A. Milne's Winnie the Pooh stories, a heffalump physically resembles an elephant; and E. H. Shepard's illustration shows an Indian elephant. ""Heffalump"" has since been defined as "a child's term for an elephant."

title: Syrian elephant

text: "Syrian" elephants are frequently mentioned in Hellenistic history; the Seleucid kings, who maintained numerous war elephants, reigned in Syria during that period. These elephants are believed to be Indian elephants ("E. m. indicus"), which had been acquired by the Seleucid kings during their eastern expansions. Or they are believed to be population of Indian elephants in Middle East. It is attested by ancient sources such as Strabo and Polybius that Seleucid kings Seleucus I Nicator and Antiochus III the Great had large numbers of imported Indian elephants. Whether these "Indian elephants" were imported due to scarcity of native Syrian elephants or due to their accomplished training and domestication as war elephants remains unclear.

title: Indian elephant

text: Indian elephants have smaller ears, but relatively broader skulls and larger trunks than African elephants. Toes are large and broad. Unlike their African cousins, their abdomen is proportionate with their body weight but the African elephant has a large abdomen as compared to the skulls.

title: Shooting an Elephant

text: After receiving a call regarding a normally tame elephant's rampage, the narrator, armed with a .44 caliber Winchester rifle and riding on a pony, goes to the town where the elephant has been seen. Entering one of the poorest quarters, he receives conflicting reports and contemplates leaving, thinking the incident is a hoax. The narrator then sees a village woman chasing away children who are looking at the corpse of an Indian whom the elephant has trampled and killed. He sends an order to bring an elephant rifle and, followed by a group of roughly a few thousand people, heads toward the paddy field where the elephant has rested in its tracks.

title: Elephant Festival

text: The Elephant Festival is considered one of the most popular and celebrated events in the city of Jaipur. Since the festival was introduced, the ceremony has managed to attract a variety of outsiders to the festive event. Elephants symbolize royalty according to the traditions of Rajasthan. The Elephant is also believed to be associated with [Buddhism] and [Jainism]. In fact, the elephant itself has a historical significance in Indian traditions. According to Indian Mythology, gods and the demons stirred the ocean, in the hopes that they would become eternal. Suddenly, nine jewels also known as the “navratnas” surfaced from the ocean. Of the nine jewels that reappeared, one of them was an elephant. Since then, the elephant has been regarded as a precious animal.

title: Angarki Sankashti Chaturthi

text: When we read the Purana, we are amazed at how all incidents in the past come together and lead towards a chosen destiny. The flower was presented to Indra by Sage Durvasa but not utilized by the King of Gods. The elephant temporarily benefited from the powers of the Parijata flower, but it was Lord Ganesha who was destined to be the foremost among Gods and men and known as the remover of obstacles. Thus destiny worked in a way that the attributes of the flower accumulated by the austerities of Sage Durvasa came to Lord Ganesha and that is the reason he has an elephant head.

title: Indian elephant

text: The largest Indian elephant was high at the shoulder. In 1985, two large elephant bulls were spotted for the first time in Bardia National Park, and named "Raja Gaj" and "Kanchha". They roamed the park area together and occasionally visited female herds. "Raja Gaj" stood tall at the shoulder and had a massive body weight. His forehead and domes were more prominent than in other Asian bull elephants. His appearance has been compared to that of a Stegodon and mammoth due to his high bi-domed shaped head.

title: Sankashti Chaturthi

text: After the devas were defeated, the trinity, the controller, preserver and destroyer of the universe launched an attack against Ganesha. Amidst the fighting, Shiva severed the head of the child and brought on Parvathi's rage. Seeing her son dead, Parvathi revealed her true self, as the Adi-shakti, the prime energy that fuels the universe and sustains matter. Taking on a terrible form, she vowed to destroy the universe where her son was killed and re-create a better one. The gods prostrated before her and Shiva promised that her son will live again. The trinity hunted the world for a head and came across a mother elephant crying for her dead baby. They consoled the mother and fixed the head of the baby elephant in place of Ganesha's head. Lord Shiva also declared that from this day, the boy would be called as "Ganesha" ("Gana-Isha": lord of the Ganas). In this way, Ganesha came to be depicted as the elephant-headed god.

title: The Call of the Man Eater

text: Anderson takes an American tourist to the Mysore area to photograph Indian wildlife, and whilst there they encounter a rogue black elephant which had reportedly killed locals. Anderson and the tourist have a narrow escape with the elephant, and later heads back out to track and kill it. The story ends with the black elephant coming to an unexpected and sad end, which leaves Anderson feeling sympathy for the rogue despite its actions.

title: Chinese folk religion

text: From the 3rd century on by the Northern Wei, accompanying the spread of Buddhism in China, strong influences from the Indian subcontinent penetrated the Chinese indigenous religion. A cult of Ganesha (象頭神 "Xiàngtóushén", "Elephant-Head God") is attested in the year 531. Pollination from Indian religions included processions of carts with images of gods or floats borne on shoulders, with musicians and chanting.

title: Ganesha

text: Ganesha has been represented with the head of an elephant since the early stages of his appearance in Indian art.[50] Puranic myths provide many explanations for how he got his elephant head.[51] One of his popular forms, Heramba-Ganapati, has five elephant heads, and other less-common variations in the number of heads are known.[52] While some texts say that Ganesha was born with an elephant head, he acquires the head later in most stories.[53] The most recurrent motif in these stories is that Ganesha was created by Parvati using clay to protect her and Shiva beheaded him when Ganesha came between Shiva and Parvati. Shiva then replaced Ganesha's original head with that of an elephant.[54] Details of the battle and where the replacement head came from varying from source to source.[55][56] Another story says that Ganesha was created directly by Shiva's laughter. Because Shiva considered Ganesha too alluring, he gave him the head of an elephant and a protruding belly.[57]

title: Chintalapalem

text:
Ganesh Chaturthi is a three-day Hindu festival celebrated to honour the elephant-headed God Ganesha's birthday. He is the younger son of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati.
Ganesha is known by 108 different names and is the Lord of arts and sciences and the deva of wisdom. He is honoured at the start of rituals and ceremonies as he's considered the God of beginnings. He's widely and dearly referred to as Ganapati or Vinayaka.
There are two different versions about Ganesha's birth. One has it that Goddess Parvati created Ganesha out of dirt off her body while having a bath and set him to guard her door while she finishes her bath. Shiva who has gone out, returned at that time, but as Ganesha didn't know of him, stopped him from entering. An angry Shiva severed the head of Ganesha after a combat between the two. Parvati was enraged and Shiva promised Ganesha will live again. The devas who went in search of a head facing north of a dead person could manage only the head of an elephant. Shiva fixed the elephant's head on the child and brought him back to life.
The other legend has it that Ganesha was created by Shiva and Parvati on request of the Devas, to be a vighnakartaa (obstacle-creator) in the path of rakshasas (demonic beings), and a vighnahartaa (obstacle-averter) to help the Devas.

title: Saussurea obvallata

text:
The Life Giving Lotus: The story of the birth of Ganesha is a popular one. On Parvati's request Brahma created Brahma Kamal, with whose
help Shiva placed the head of an elephant on to the body of Ganesha. When Shiva attached the head of an elephant on Ganesha' s body, he was bathed with water that was sprinkled from a Brahma Kamal. That is why this lotus is given the status of a life-restoring flower of the gods. To evaluate it in terms of modern science, this flower has many medicinal properties.

title: Caparison

text: In the Indian state of Kerala, elephants are decorated during temple festivals. They wear a distinctive golden head covering called a "nettipattam," which is often translated into English as an elephant caparison. However, it covers only the head, not the body, as in a horse caparison.

title: Siddhivinayak Temple, Siddhatek

text: The Siddhivinayak Temple of Siddhatek is a Hindu temple dedicated to Ganesha, the elephant-headed god of wisdom. The temple is one of the Ashtavinayaka, the eight revered shrines of Ganesha in the Indian state of Maharashtra and the only Ashtavinayaka shrine in Ahmednagar district.

title: Gaja

text:
The Buddhist tradition states that Buddha came into the womb of his mother in the form of an elephant having six tusks. According to Jaina tradition, each of the mother of the twenty-four thirthankars dreamt of fourteen auspicious objects, which included an elephant.
In Hinduism, Ganesh, a god with the elephant’s head has been an object of reverence and worship for more than two millennia. He is therefore called as Gajanan(Gaj=elephant, aanan= faced). Several deities and mythological figures have elephants as their conveyance (vahan) including Balarama, Skanda and aiyanar.

title: Indian elephant

text: In general, Asian elephants are smaller than African elephants and have the highest body point on the head. The tip of their trunk has one finger-like process. Their back is convex or level. Indian elephants reach a shoulder height of between , weigh between , and have 19 pairs of ribs. Their skin color is lighter than of "maximus" with smaller patches of depigmentation, but darker than of "sumatranus". Females are usually smaller than males, and have short or no tusks.

title: Vinayaki

text: Elephant-headed females appearing in the "Puranas" are demonesses or cursed goddesses. In a tale about Ganesha's birth, the elephant-headed demoness Malini gives birth to Ganesha after drinking the bath-water of Parvati, Ganesha's mother. In "Skanda Purana", Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, is cursed to have an elephant head, which she gets rid of by pleasing the god Brahma by penance. These are not called Vinayaki and are remotely linked to Ganesha as a mother (Malini) or a consort (Lakshmi in some icons). The "Harivamsa", "Vayu Purana" and "Skanda Purana" also describe elephant-faced Matrikas ("Mothers"), "graha"s (seizers) and "gana"s, who bear names like Gajananā ("elephant-faced"), Gajamukhi ("elephant-faced") and Gajasya ("elephantine"). However, Krishan relates these Matrikas to Jyeshtha, the goddess of misfortune who is described as elephant-faced.

title: Odisha

text:
Simlipal National Park is a protected wildlife area and tiger reserve spread over 2750 km of the northern part of Mayurbhanj district. It has 1078 species of plants, including 94 orchids. The sal tree is the primary tree species there. The park has 55 mammals, including barking deer, Bengal tiger, common langur, four-horned antelope, Indian bison, Indian elephant, Indian giant squirrel, Indian leopard, jungle cat, sambar deer, and wild boar. There are 304 species of birds in the park, such as the common hill myna, grey hornbill, Indian pied hornbill and Malabar pied hornbill. It also has 60 species of reptiles, notable among which are the king cobra and tricarinate hill turtle. There is also a mugger crocodile breeding program in nearby Ramtirtha.
The Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary is a 190 km protected area near the capital city, Bhubaneswar. However, urban expansion and over-grazing have reduced the forests and are driving herds of elephants to migration. In 2002, there were about 80 elephants. But by 2012, their numbers had been reduced to 20. Many of the animals have migrated toward the Barbara reserve forest, Chilika, Nayagarh district, and Athagad. Some elephants have died in conflicts with villagers, while some have died during migration from being electrocuted by power lines or hit by trains. Outside the protected area, they are killed by poachers. Besides elephants, the sanctuary also has Indian leopards, jungle cats and chitals.

title: Ganesha

text: One theory of the origin of Ganesha is that he gradually came to prominence in connection with the four Vinayakas (Vināyakas).[168] In Hindu mythology, the Vināyakas were a group of four troublesome demons who created obstacles and difficulties[169] but who were easily propitiated.[170] The name Vināyaka is a common name for Ganesha both in the Purāṇas and in Buddhist Tantras.[26] Krishan is one of the academics who accept this view, stating flatly of Ganesha, "He is a non-Vedic god. His origin is to be traced to the four Vināyakas, evil spirits, of the Mānavagŗhyasūtra (7th–4th century BCE) who cause various types of evil and suffering".[171] Depictions of elephant-headed human figures, which some identify with Ganesha, appear in Indian art and coinage as early as the 2nd century.[172] According to Ellawala, the elephant-headed Ganesha as lord of the Ganas was known to the people of Sri Lanka in the early pre-Christian era.[173]

title: Vatapi Ganapatim

text: The "Vatapi Ganapatim" hymn is composed in Sanskrit, the language of several Hindu scriptures, by Muthuswami Dikshitar. Dikshitar praises Vatapi Ganapati, as the elephant-headed god, who grants boons. The universe and the elements are said to be created by Ganesha. Ganesha is described as the remover of obstacles. He is worshipped by the sage Agastya and the god Vishnu. He resides in the Muladhara chakra and exists in four kinds of speech – Para, Pashyanti, Madhyama and Vaikhari. The sacred Om is said to be his body. Ganesha's iconography is described. He has an elephant-head and curved trunk. The crescent moon adores his forehead. He holds a sugarcane in his left hand. He also carries a "pāśa" (noose), a pomegranate fruit, a guava fruit and other things. He has a large body. This form pleases his father Shiva and brother Kartikeya. The last line notes that Ganesha is pleased with the Hamsadhvani raga, indicating the raga in which the composition should be sung.

title: Asian elephant

text: The elephant plays an important part in the culture of the subcontinent and beyond, being featured prominently in the Panchatantra fables and the Buddhist Jataka tales. They play a major role in Hinduism: the god Ganesha's head is that of an elephant, and the "blessings" of a temple elephant are highly valued. Elephants are frequently used in processions where the animals are adorned with festive outfits.

title: Buddhabrot

text: Green first named this pattern Ganesh, since an Indian co-worker "instantly recognized it as the god 'Ganesha' which is the one with the head of an elephant." The name "Buddhabrot" was coined later by Lori Gardi.

title: Ligament of head of femur

text: It has been suggested that some animals, such as the orangutan and Indian elephant, lack a ligamentum teres. However, the presence of a ligamentum teres, albeit with a morphology different to the human version, has been found upon dissection in both these animals. In the orangutan, it is believed to play a significant role in preventing dislocation of the femoral head within extreme ranges of motion. In the Indian elephant, it is the primary support of the hip joint when the hind limbs are abducted.

title: Tiruvadanai

text: The name Tiruvadanai or Thiruvadanai is believed to have originated from an ancient myth associated with the town. Legend has it that Vaaruni, the son of Varuna, the God of rain who was cursed by a Sage to have an elephant's body and a goat's head, regained his normal form after worshiping Shiva at this temple. The name of the town is believed to have been derived from this mythological incident(Thiru- sacred; Adu- goat; Aanai- elephant; Thiru Adanai- the sacred place, where the goat-headed-elephant regained his original form).

title: Dodital

text: Indeed, even all gods demand Shiva to make Ganesha alive in light of a legitimate concern for the universe, it is anyway difficult to restore ruler Ganesha in a similar shape, yet Shiva educates that another head can be joined to Ganesha's body He further says that before nightfall if any creature will surrender its head, that head ought to be brought and settled. 'Gajasura' is an elephant that Shiva-doots go over, since that time ruler Ganesha is otherwise called elephant headed God and consistently on AKSHAY TRITIYA the promising day is commended as Ganesha Mahotashav .

title: Persian war elephants

text: Persians used war elephants at the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC. The battle raged between king Alexander the Great of Macedon and king Darius III of Persia. The Persians had 15 Indian-trained war elephants, which were placed at the centre of the Persian line, and they made such an impression on the Macedonian troops that Alexander felt the need to sacrifice to the God of Fear the night before the battle. Despite this the Persians lost the battle, relinquishing the Achaemenid empire to Alexander.

title: Battle of Raphia

text: This is the only known battle in which African and Asian elephants were used against each other. Due to Polybius' descriptions of Antiochus' Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), brought from India, as being larger and stronger than Ptolemy's African elephants, it had once been theorized that Ptolemy's elephants were in fact the African forest elephant ("Loxodonta cyclotis"), a close relative to the African bush elephant ("Loxodonta africana")--a typical African bush elephant would tower over an Asian one, meaning that the smaller forest elephant would be a better fit with Polybius' descriptions. However recent DNA research has revealed that most likely, Ptolemy's elephants were in fact "Loxodonta africana", albeit culled from a population of more diminutive African bush elephants still found in Eritrea today. Another possibility is that Ptolemy utilized the now extinct North African elephants (Loxodonta africana pharaoensis). Much smaller than their Indian or Bush cousins, members of this subspecies were typically around 8 foot high at the shoulder. Regardless of origin, according to Polybius, Ptolemy's African elephants could not bear the smell, sound, and sight of their Indian counterparts. The Indian's greater size and strength easily routed the Africans.

title: Adhi Ratneswarar Temple

text: Thiruvadanai is one of the many temple towns in the state which is named after the grooves, clusters or forests dominated by a particular variety of a tree or shrub and the same variety of tree or shrub sheltering the presiding deity. The region is believed to have been covered with Vilva forest and hence called Vilvavanam. Legend has it that Vaaruni, the son of Varuna, the God of rain who was cursed by a Sage to have an elephant's body and a goat's head, regained his normal form after worshiping Shiva at this temple. The name of the town is believed to have been derived from this mythological incident("Thiru"- sacred; "Adu"- goat; "Aanai"- elephant; "Thiru Adanai"- the sacred place, where the goat-headed-elephant regained his original form).