query: What was Alan Jacobson's first published book?

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Twenty years later, in the early stages of his writing career, Jacobson realized the professor had a point. If you were going to write about something like war and abdominal wounds, you needed to know what you were talking about.[17] While writing his first published novel, False Accusations, his path crossed that of the head of the California Department of Justice. During a phone call with Jacobson, he requested a reference on one of Jacobson's employees who was applying to be a forensic scientist. Jacobson then asked the director a question about a novel he was writing (False Accusations) involving the character of Ryan Chandler.[18]

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Jacobson's relates a story regarding Steve Martini. While an aspiring writer, Jacobson was addicted to Steve Martini novels. When Martini did a book signing at Barnes & Noble, Jacobson attended. While Martini was signing the hardcover to him, Jacobson asked him for advice on getting published. About ten years later, while at the ThrillerFest writers conference in New York City, Jacobson felt a tap on his shoulder. He turned to see his publisher, Roger Cooper of Vanguard Press, standing with Martini. Cooper introduced the two men and Jacobson mentioned that they had met many years earlier at a signing. Weeks later, he asked if Martini would read his new manuscript, Crush. Martini loved the book and wrote a testimonial blurb for it, which appeared on the Crush hardcover jacket. The following year at ThrillerFest, Jacobson was standing at the elevators when he again felt a tap on his shoulder. He turned to see Steve Martini standing there with a copy of Crush. He asked Jacobson to autograph it for him. He felt like he had come full circle as a writer.

title: What You See Is What You Get (book)

text: What You See Is What You Get is the autobiography of British businessman and TV personality Lord Alan Sugar. The 640-page book, which was published in May 2011, tells the story of Alan Sugar's birth and childhood in a deprived part of London, how he founded the company Amstrad aged just 21 years old, and how he eventually became a successful multi-millionaire tycoon, received a knighthood, and was appointed to the House of Lords. Sir Alan also reveals his main method of business and entrepreneurial activity: (a) observing what market leaders are doing, (b) making better and cheaper products than the market leaders, and (c) not focusing on the exclusive or more expensive parts of the market, rather selling to the mass market.

title: Walter Jacobson

text: While at WBBM, Jacobson also became known for his temper. In March 1977, he was suspended with pay for two days for being what his news director labeled a "disruptive element" in the newsroom. "I think arguments are healthy, and I certainly don't think I've been abusive," Jacobson told the Chicago Tribune at the time. In April 1986, Jacobson got into a shouting match with Ken Boles, a WBBM executive news producer, in a bank near WBBM's studios. Boles was fired several weeks later. In February 1988, another shouting match occurred in the middle of the newsroom between Jacobson and an assignment desk editor, regarding the previous evening's newscast. And, in February 1992, Jacobson was reported to have thrown a book at a newsroom staffer's head, causing both him and the staffer to be summoned to the office of the station's general manager. Jacobson later explained to the Tribune that the incident merely was his producer tossing a book over a divider, and Jacobson then "tossing it back." In February 1994—after jumping to WFLD—Jacobson exclaimed, "Oh, fuck you!" to an off-camera director during a live newscast. "I just snapped for an instant," he told the Chicago Sun-Times. "I muttered a swear word under my breath. I exploded. I'm human."

title: Progressive muscle relaxation

text: It was developed by American physician Edmund Jacobson and presented first in 1908 at Harvard University. In 1929, Jacobson published the book "Progressive Relaxation", which included a detailed procedure for removing muscular tension. His work led to the use of the word "relax", in the sense of "to become less tense, anxious or stressed, to calm down". He continued to work on this topic throughout his life and wrote several books about it.

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Jacobson and retired FBI profiler Mark Safarik co-authored a book on personal safety entitled, “Staying Safe: from serial killers to identity thieves, a primer to keep you out of criminals’ crosshairs.” The book came about because of an interview Jacobson and Safarik did for The 7th Victim. They were discussing what steps a woman could take to prevent herself from falling victim to the tactics the killer uses in the opening scene. Afterwards, they realized it was important information that everyone should have. They set out to write an article but found they had too much information and ultimately wrote a book.[48][49] It is updated periodically and given away for free on Jacobson's website as an incentive for readers to sign up for his author newsletter.[50]

title: Staffan Jacobson

text: Lars Staffan Jacobson, born June 9, 1948, is a Swedish art historian and author. During the latter part of the 1960s he became politically active. According to Jacobson he first became active in the Third World movement, then the Peace movement and since then for libertarian socialism. In 1990 he published a book on graffiti art, "Spraykonst" and the same year he won the Swedish-American Foundation's (Sverige-Amerikastiftelsens) research scholarship in the USA. In 1996 his doctoral thesis "Den spraymålade bilden" (The Spray-painted Picture) was released. During the 2000s he published books on different subjects, some autobiographical.

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: The character of Karen Vail was originally conceived in the mid-1990s as a one-chapter FBI agent. But once Jacobson started writing her, he could not stop. He realized he had to find a vehicle for her, and during his research work with the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit, he knew the perfect place for her would be as the first female FBI profiler, in a book featuring her. He was influenced by the strong wills and constitutions of both his mother and his wife, as well as Jacobson's own New York upbringing.

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Jacobson never intended to write a series. He had seen colleagues become stale writing the same character in the same setting, essentially writing the same book over and over. When approached by his publisher, Roger Cooper, who was prepping The 7th Victim for production, Cooper asked when the next book in the Karen Vail series would be ready. Jacobson told him that The 7th Victim was a one-off, a standalone novel. Cooper told him all the sales reps and bookstores loved Vail and wanted more. Jacobson said he would have to think about it and figure out a way of keeping Vail, and himself, fresh from book to book.[43] About a week later, he figured out how to make that happen and the Karen Vail series was born.[44] In retrospect, Jacobson credited Cooper in the acknowledgments to No Way Out (Vail #5), stating that without Cooper's urging, the adventures he has had so much fun writing might never have occurred.

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Two of Jacobson's short stories have been published. The first, Fatal Twist, features FBI profiler Karen Vail and was published by the Strand magazine in 2012.[52] The second, Double Take, features two characters from the Karen Vail series, Carmine Russo and Ben Dyer from Spectrum. Russo and Dyer were created for the short story, and were later integrated into Spectrum for the novel. Double Take what originally bundled with Hard Target (OPSIG #2) as a value-added bonus for the ebook release. It was subsequently sold separately.

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Jacobson wrote the first seventy-five pages of The 7th Victim in the first person point of view. However, his agent told him he could not use the first person because his first two novels (False Accusations and The Hunted) were written in the third person. He was frustrated because he thought it was some of his best writing, so he used Find/Replace in Microsoft Word and replaced all the I's with She's and so on. When he read what was left, he realized it was third person with a first person feel, very close to the reader. The reader was privy to Vail's internal thoughts, experiencing things as Vail experienced them, hearing what she was thinking. They are things that people think but never say aloud. Sometimes Vail does say them aloud, which can create problems with colleagues. These thoughts can be sarcastic or dry humor, and they can be very funny. Jacobson characterizes his discovery as being accidental.[27][28]

title: Ivar Jacobson

text: Jacobson has published several books and articles, a selection:

title: Abbi Jacobson

text: Jacobson published another book, "I Might Regret This: Essays, Drawings, Vulnerabilities, and Other Stuff." The book was published on October 30, 2018 with Grand Central Publishing. With drawings throughout, the book of personal essays is centred around Jacobson's solo three week cross-country road trip. The 320 pages of personal essays and various short stories, although some are comical in nature, largely focus on Jacobson getting over her first love, first relationship with a woman, and general issues of identity. According to Jacobson, book is centred around self reflection: "It's about how I've felt like an internal outsider for my entire life because I just never understood what love was, that I would never get to experience it, and being a public figure only heightened that anxiety."

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Jacobson's early draft of False Accusations referred to Chandler as a criminologist, but the director corrected him. Chandler was a criminalist. Many years before the CSI TV show, no one knew what a criminalist was unless you worked in forensics. But once the difference was explained to him, Jacobson realized he had homework to do to avoid making similar errors. That episode influenced his approach to his fiction. If an FBI agent reached for a Glock, it had better be the right caliber and model because Jacobson does have law enforcement officers who read his novels and they live the reality.

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: During his junior high school years, Jacobson took English from teacher Louis Brill for two years. Jacobson attributes his love for English, and ultimately his pursuit of an English degree, to Brill. No Way Out, the fifth novel in the Karen Vail series, is dedicated to Brill. Jacobson and Brill reunited for the first time in nearly forty years at Thrillerfest in New York City in 2015.[14]

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: In 1998, Simon & Schuster's Pocket Books imprint inked Jacobson to a solid six-figure deal for two thrillers, False Accusations and The Hunted. The former was originally published by a small Canadian publisher, Commonwealth, that went into bankruptcy just as it was preparing to ship books to stores. Jacobson was able to get them to distribute a fraction of the first printing and it caught on and sold well. But retailers were unable to order additional copies and Jacobson had to sue Commonwealth by hiring a Canadian law firm. He ultimately won the case and the rights reverted to him, thanks to a clause inserted by his entertainment law attorney, Robert Youdelman, Esq.[26] His agent then sold the rights to Emily Bestler, then vice president and editor-in-chief of Pocket Books. This resulted in the two-book deal that included The Hunted (later rebranded as book one of the OPSIG Team Black series).

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: It was not until a year later, when Jacobson was talking with Scott Turow, did Jacobson discover what had sunk the project. Ironically, the National Basketball Association (NBA) strike severely impacted TNT's overall ratings.

title: Howard Jacobson

text: In October 2010 Jacobson won the Man Booker Prize for his novel "The Finkler Question", which was the first comic novel to win the prize since Kingsley Amis's "The Old Devils" in 1986. The book, published by Bloomsbury, explores what it means to be Jewish today and is also about "love, loss and male friendship". Andrew Motion, the chair of the judges, said: ""The Finkler Question" is a marvellous book: very funny, of course, but also very clever, very sad and very subtle. It is all that it seems to be and much more than it seems to be. A completely worthy winner of this great prize." His novel "Zoo Time" won the Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize (2013), Jacobson's second time winning the prize (the first in 1999 for "The Mighty Walzer").

title: Alan Jacobson

text: Alan Jacobson (born 12 November 1942) is an Australian former cricketer. He played one first-class match for Tasmania in 1968/69.

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Jacobson is known for his depth of research with the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU), especially in his work with retired FBI agent Mark Safarik, with whom he co-authored an e-book titled "Staying Safe."[20][21]

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Jacobson believes that characters are of highest priority because that is what often keeps the reader reading. He calls this reader engagement. A successful novel must have characters that readers care about. If they don’t develop a connection with the characters, reading that book would become a chore rather than something they look forward to doing.[33]

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Nelson DeMille was also an early influence. Even though Jacobson had created Karen Vail a couple of years before DeMille's John Corey character debuted in Plum Island, Vail was very similar in demeanor to Corey. DeMille agreed. Of Vail's first novel, The 7th Victim (2008), DeMille wrote, “Alan Jacobson is a hell of a writer, and his lead character, Karen Vail, is a hell of a lady: tough, smart, funny, and very believable…This reads like a Nelson DeMille book. And I should know”.[25]

title: Abbi Jacobson

text: In 2013, Jacobson published two coloring books with Chronicle Books: "Color This Book: New York City" and "Color This Book: San Francisco". Jacobson also illustrated a book titled "Carry This Book," published October 2016 by Viking Press. It features colorful, humorous illustrations of the imagined contents of various celebrities' bags. "I have always been intrigued by what people carry around with them. It can tell you everything" says Jacobson in the book's introduction. Well-received by critics, "Carry This Book" was a "New York Times" bestseller.

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Jacobson's debut novel, False Accusations, was adapted into a TV movie in 2004 in the Czech Republic. Iconic screenwriter Jirí Hubac penned the screenplay based on Alan Jacobson's bestselling novel. The movie was directed by Zdenek Zelenka.[51] It aired multiple times and was renewed for another set of airings in 2012.

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Jacobson felt the bottom line is that he doesn’t want the reader to put the book down, where they lose interest and close the book forever. There has to be something that drives the story forward, whether that be intrigue, suspense, mystery, and/or the characters themselves. Good pacing, realistic dialogue, a vivid setting, and rich writing are all key components to a compelling read.

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Being new to writing a series, Jacobson consulted with both Michael Connelly and Lee Child for advice on what to do and what to avoid. He received completely opposing answers: Connelly suggested he write the best book he can at the time, put everything in it, and worry about the next book later.[45] Child, on the other hand, advocated doling out the information one book at a time, spreading out the revelations a little at a time, with each novel. Jacobson realized that the reason for the difference in their perspectives was the nature of their characters: Harry Bosch is a grounded, career law enforcement officer who follows rules, while Jack Reacher is a drifter who has no rules to follow. Based on this Jacobson felt that Connelly's style fit more with what Jacobson intended for Vail as a series character.[46]

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Jacobson said that as the series has progressed, Vail has learned to tone it down her dry, New York sarcasm.[29] She has grown as a person, that her evolution from book to book is tangible but subtle.[30] Rather than verbalizing those acerbic and often very funny remarks as retorts, she is now more likely to keep them as thoughts between herself and the reader, like an inside joke.[31]

title: Relaxation (psychology)

text: The idea of relaxation in psychology was popularized by Dr.Edmund Jacobson in his published book "Progressive Relaxation". It was a technical book intended for doctors and scientists. His book describes tensing and relaxing specific muscles at a time to achieve overall relaxation in the body. Jacobson then published another book called "You Must Relax "published in 1934 that was geared towards the general public. According to Jacobson, his research started in 1908 at Harvard University, and later moving on to Cornell and University of Chicago. His research was aimed at improving the general human well being.

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: Alan Jacobson is an American author of mystery, suspense, thriller and action novels. Among his works are the FBI profiler Karen Vail series and the OPSIG Team Black series, as well as stand alone books and short stories.

title: Alan Jacobson (writer)

text: It was the first of many visits Jacobson would make to the FBI Academy and profiling unit spanning over a decade. Shortly after creating the character of Karen Vail and writing the first 75 pages of The 7th Victim, Jacobson met Safarik‘s partner, Supervisory Special Agent Mary Ellen O’Toole, who gave him an understanding of what it was like being a female profiler in a male-dominated unit. Jacobson used this information and experience to fill out Vail's background and tenacity. He continues to work with both Safarik and O’Toole for his Karen Vail series. Spectrum is dedicated to O’Toole and Inmate 1577 to Safarik.


query: How much lead is safe to drink?

title: Lead glass

text: Items made of lead glass may leach lead into the food and beverages contained.[21][22] In a study performed at North Carolina State University,[23] the amount of lead migration was measured for port wine stored in lead crystal decanters. After two days, lead levels were 89µg/L (micrograms per liter). After four months, lead levels were between 2,000 and 5,000µg/L. White wine doubled its lead content within an hour of storage and tripled it within four hours. Some brandy stored in lead crystal for over five years had lead levels around 20,000µg/L.[24][25] To put this into perspective, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's lead standard for drinking water is 15µg/L, which is equivalent to 15 parts per billion.[26] Citrus juices and other acidic drinks leach lead from crystal as effectively as alcoholic beverages.[27][28] Under conditions of repeated use of the decanter, the lead leaching steeply decreases with increasing use. This finding is "consistent with ceramic chemistry theory, which predicts that leaching of lead from crystal is self-limiting exponentially as a function of increasing distance from the crystal-liquid interface."[28] Lead leaching still occurs, but the quantity that leaches into a glass of wine or other beverage left standing for a few hours is much smaller than the quantity of lead consumed daily in ordinary diet.

title: Lead and Copper Rule

text: The Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) is a United States federal regulation which limits the concentration of lead and copper allowed in public drinking water at the consumer's tap, as well as limiting the permissible amount of pipe corrosion occurring due to the water itself. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) first issued the rule in 1991 pursuant to the Safe Drinking Water Act. EPA promulgated the regulations following studies that concluded that copper and lead have an adverse effect on individuals. The LCR sought to therefore limit the levels of these metals in water through improving water treatment centers, determining copper and lead levels for customers who use lead plumbing parts, and eliminating the water source as a source of lead and copper. If the lead and copper levels exceed the "action levels" water suppliers are required to educate their consumers on how to reduce exposure to lead. A 2004-2005 study of the LCR by EPA noted that the system had been effective in 96 percent of systems serving at least 3,300 people.

title: NABERS

text: For example if the primary service that an office building owner provides is safe, lit and comfortable office space the NABERS Energy for offices tool would consider how much space is being used, how much energy is being used to supply services to the space, and then statistically adjusts for factors like the climate - which will influence how much energy is used for heating and cooling.

text: In 2001, more than half the water samples taken from 53 DC-area homes under the procedures required by the EPA's Lead and Copper Rule showed levels of lead exceeding the national standard of 15 parts per billion (ppb). Lead disrupts the physical and mental development of fetuses, babies, and young children, and can cause kidney problems and high blood pressure in adults. The rule does not assume that there is a "safe" level of exposure, but notes that 15 ppb is an "action level" where utilities must take action. The rule was created in 1991, after research showed that drinking water could account for one-fifth of all lead intake. Lead is not normally present in drinking water; it is released from the inside surface of lead service lines (pipes that run from the main to the house), joints connected with lead-based solder, and lead fixtures inside the house. Based on these findings, WASA was required to notify the public and implement plans to replace lead service lines in key areas of the municipal water system.

title: Environmental racism

text: Since April 2014, residents of Flint, a city that is almost 57 percent black and notably impoverished, have been drinking and bathing in water that contains enough lead to meet the Environmental Protection Agency's definition of "toxic waste". Before 2014 when the city of Flint switched to their own river as means of water, Lake Huron provided the area with water. Researchers at Virginia Tech discovered in 2015 that the Flint River is 19 times more corrosive than Lake Huron. Lead contamination can engender multiple health conditions. A November 2015 class-action lawsuit describes how Michigan's Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) failed to treat the new water source with an anti-corrosive agent, thereby causing the water to become increasingly discolored. This was in violation of the Lead and Copper Rule and MDEQ did not correctly complete the Safe Drinking Water Act mandated lead assessments. Adding that agent (orthophosphate) would have cost $100 per day, according to CNN, and 90 percent of the problems with Flint's water would have been averted if it had been used.

title: Crooks Anonymous

text: Widdowes and Montague embark Forsdyke on a dose of punishment and rehabilitation. They begin by locking him in a room filled with safes, which contain cigarettes, food, drink and a number of booby traps which make opening them a hazardous business. After a week of this torture, Forsdyke is beginning to crack. Nonetheless, he fails a test to see how much progress he has made, reverting to his old ways as soon as he is outside.

text: Lead contamination in Washington, D.C. drinking water, first discovered in 2001, left thousands of children with lifelong health risks, and led to a re-evaluation of the use of chloramine in public drinking-water systems. Professor Marc Edwards, an expert in plumbing corrosion, discovered lead levels at least 83 times higher than the accepted safe limit while performing research into premature pipe corrosion for the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (WASA). He found that the decision to change from chlorine to chloramine as a treatment chemical had caused the spike in lead levels.

title: List of fountains in Bratislava

text: Drinking fountains are used especially during the summer, yet a lot of people are reluctant to drink the water due to fear of disease. According to the Public Health Office of Slovakia (), all drinking water fountains supply the same tap water as residents have in their homes and the water is safe to drink. Drinking fountains in Bratislava do not feature any instructions on how to operate them.

title: Energy drink

text: Some energy drink manufacturers do not report how much caffeine their products contain. One survey found that various energy drinks had 6–242 milligrams (mg) of caffeine per serving. In comparison, an cup of coffee contains 100 mg of caffeine and of Coca-Cola Classic contains 35 mg of caffeine. Consumer Reports expected that the caffeine content of a drink should be within 20% of what the label claims, but product testing on United States energy drinks found that the caffeine levels of some energy drinks vary beyond that range. The Monster Beverage Corporation explained they do not report caffeine levels because "there is no legal or commercial business requirement to do so, and also because our products are completely safe, and the actual numbers are not meaningful to most consumers." Scientific groups and consumer organizations have requested more disclosure in ingredient lists.

title: Safe Drinking Water Act

text: The “Updated Guidance on Invoking Emergency Authority Under Section 1431 Of The Safe Drinking Water Act” shows that 42 U.S.C. § 300i gives the EPA Administrator broad power to protect public water systems and underground sources of drinking water (USDWs). This guidance encourages more widespread use of the EPA's emergency powers. This emergency power is granted when the Administrator receives “information that a contaminant which is present in or likely to enter a public water system or an underground source of drinking water ... which may present an imminent and substantial endangerment to the health of persons” and that appropriate agencies have not acted. Since this emergency power protection applies to all USDWs it includes potential future supplies of public water and even private wells. The imminent endangerment includes contaminants that lead to chronic health effects that may not be realized for years such as lead and carcinogens. To prevent harm from occurring the EPA Administrator may issue administrative orders or commence civil actions even without absolute proof.

title: Eastroc Super Drink

text: Energy drinks have been associated with numerous health risks, for instance masking the effects of intoxication when consumed with alcohol and excessive or repeated consumption can lead to psychiatric and cardiac conditions. Eastroc Super Drink is still considered safe for consumption by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China.

title: Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act

text: It requires the review of methods and means by which terrorists or other individuals or groups could disrupt the supply of safe drinking water or take other actions which could render drinking water significantly less safe for human consumption, and increases penalties under the Safe Drinking Water Act for tampering with drinking water systems and authorizes appropriations.

title: Pay as you go pension plan

text: With this type of plan, the contributor can decided how much money they see fit to contribute to the fund. With the funds that are contributed, the contributor will be able to devise a plan on what to invest in, which in turn leaves said contributor as the person mainly responsible for how much the pension can grow. Choosing an investment that is more risky can lead to a bigger return on money however, it is also possible to choose a steady and safe investment in order to have a consistent return on money.

title: Flint water crisis

text: Dan Kildee, Democrat representing Flint in the House of Representatives, along with Republican Michigan Representative Fred Upton, sponsored H.R. 4470, the Safe Drinking Water Act Improved Compliance Awareness Act, which would ensure that the public promptly learns of excessive lead levels in their drinking water by setting forth how and when states, EPA, and public utilities communicate their findings. It has passed the House but has yet to be passed by the Senate.

text: A year after the "Washington Post" published the results of the investigation, the CDC published a "Notice to Readers" in the May 21, 2010 issue of the "Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report" admitting that the 2004 report was misleading. It said the original report "did not reflect findings of concern from the separate longitudinal study that showed that children living in homes serviced by a lead water pipe were more than twice as likely as other DC children to have had a blood lead level ≥10 µg/dL." A further Notice to Readers published in June 2010 clarified that the results in the 2004 report "should not be used to make conclusions about the contribution of water lead to blood levels in DC, to predict what might occur in other situations where lead levels in drinking water are high, or to determine safe levels of lead in drinking water."

title: List of Indian states and union territories by access to safe drinking water

text: This is a list of States and Union Territories of India ranked by access to safe drinking water. The list is compiled from the 2011 India Census Report published by Government of India. The rank is based on the percentage of households which have access to safe drinking water.

title: Sioux Chief Manufacturing

text: Sioux Chief no longer builds stock or produces leaded brass for F1807, F1960, F2080 or sweat fittings that fall under the necessary federal mandates. Federal legislation known as Federal Public Law 111-380 or the "Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act" a.k.a. "Safe Drinking Water Act" was signed into law in 2011 and eliminates the sale or installation of plumbing fixtures (drinking water pipes, pipe fittings and plumbing fixtures) with a wetted surface area containing more than a weighted average of 0.25% lead. National requirements allow for standard leaded brass to be installed up until January 4, 2014. However, these products will be non-compliant and obsolete as of January 4, 2014 and may not be grandfathered for continued use. The law requires pipes, pipe fittings, and plumbing fittings or fixtures, intended to convey or dispense water for human consumption through drinking or cooking, to meet the new “lead-free” definition. Additionally, any other end-use devices intended to convey or dispense water for human consumption through drinking or cooking must meet the new lead-free requirement. Examples of items covered by the new law include kitchen faucets, bathroom faucets and drinking water fountains.

title: Water scarcity in Africa

text: Water scarcity or lack of safe drinking water is one of the world's leading problems affecting more than 1.1 billion people globally, meaning that one in every six people lacks access to safe drinking water. The Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation set up by the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) defines safe drinking water as "water with microbial, chemical and physical characteristics that meets WHO guidelines or national standards on drinking water quality." Hydrologists generally assess water scarcity by looking at a population-to-water equation that treats 1,700 cubic meters per person as the national threshold for meeting water requirements for agricultural and industrial production, energy, and the environment. Availability below the threshold of 1,000 cubic meters represents a state of "water scarcity", while anything below 500 cubic meters represents a state of "absolute scarcity".

title: Safe Drinking Water Act

text: The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is the principal federal law in the United States intended to ensure safe drinking water for the public. Pursuant to the act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to set standards for drinking water quality and oversee all states, localities, and water suppliers that implement the standards.

title: Bloody Mary (South Park)

text: Randy declares that he will never drink again. Stan objects to this too, claiming that if Randy completely avoids drinking, then drinking is still controlling his life and he needs to figure out how to live in moderation. Randy puts Stan on his shoulders and walks home while the two discuss how much drinking would be proper.

text: In January 2006, the Government Accountability Office released a study criticizing the EPA's efforts monitoring lead levels in drinking water across the United States.Although the study found that lead in drinking water had generally declined since the 1990s, it noted that data collection problems "may be undermining the intended level of public health protection".It should be noted that there have been studies that show that there is no safe level for lead consumption.

title: NTR Trust

text: In 2011 the organization announced that they would set up safe drinking water plants for the poor people who don't have easy access to safe drinking water. Earlier they had set up NTR Sujala Pathakam project that aimed at providing safe drinking water to 50,000 people.

text: Although regulations required WASA to include the specific warning "Some homes in this community have elevated lead levels in their drinking water. Lead can pose a significant risk to your health." in the water bills of each affected customer, WASA's notice omitted key parts of the phrase such as "in their drinking water" and "significant". Although Federal law required WASA to hold public meetings to discuss the problem and actions people could take to protect themselves, they advertised the meetings as being "to discuss and solicit public comments on WASA's Safe Drinking Water Act projects", omitting mention of lead. The EPA was required to review the notice before it was sent out; one D.C. Council member, commenting on the EPA's approval of the faulty notice, asked "Where were you, EPA?" The EPA later found that WASA's notice violated federal law because of the omissions.

text: The "Post" article lead WASA to hand out over 30,000 free water filters, hire health experts, and offer free blood tests to residents. Some water fountains were turned off due to lead levels. In 2004, the D.C. Council held 11 oversight hearings on the issue; the US Congress held four. American University claimed that its water was safe to drink, because the larger water mains feeding commercial sites like the college were not made of lead.

title: Safe Drinking Water Act

text: Congress passed the "Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act" in 2011. This amendment, effective in 2014, tightened the definition of "lead-free" plumbing fixtures and fittings.

title: Ghirardelli Chocolate Company

text: An independent laboratory has tested over 120 chocolate products for lead and cadmium, and found that 96 of the 127 of them contained lead and/or cadmium above the safe harbor threshold of California’s Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65).

title: Alcohol use among college students

text: Though not necessarily legal, college drinking has become so common that there are less legal consequences for students caught drinking as compared to non-campus drinking events. Students are encouraged to prioritize safe drinking over non-drinking. Many schools have transportation services that are specific to drinking so the students are transported safely.

title: Selenium

text: Selenium is used with bismuth in brasses to replace more toxic lead. The regulation of lead in drinking water applications such as in the US with the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, made a reduction of lead in brass necessary. The new brass is marketed under the name EnviroBrass. Like lead and sulfur, selenium improves the machinability of steel at concentrations around 0.15%. Selenium produces the same machinability improvement in copper alloys.

text: In 2017, the DC Water Quality Report, Washington DC was found to be in compliance with the EPA's standards for lead within drinking water. However, there is no safe level of lead for children to consume. According to the EPA, lead at any level can be harmful. The  EPA has a maximum contamination goal of zero; however, they have not stated how or when they are going to enforce the regulation if it is amended.

title: Total dissolved solids

text:
For terrestrial animals, poultry typically possess a safe upper limit of TDS exposure of approximately 2900 mg/l, whereas dairy cattle are measured to have a safe upper limit of about 7100 mg/l. Research has shown that exposure to TDS is compounded in toxicity when other stressors are present, such as abnormal pH, high turbidity, or reduced dissolved oxygen with the latter stressor acting only in the case of animalia.
In countries with often-unsafe/unclean tap water supplies, such as much of India, the TDS of drinking water is often checked by technicians to gauge how effectively their RO/Water Filtration devices are working. While TDS readings will not give an answer as to the amount of microorganisms present in a sample of water, they can get a good idea as to the efficiency of the filter by how much TDS is present.

title: Alief (mental state)

text: For example, a person standing on a transparent balcony may "believe" that they are safe, but "alieve" that they are in danger. A person watching a sad movie may "believe" that the characters are completely fictional, but their "aliefs" may lead them to cry nonetheless. A person who is hesitant to eat fudge that has been formed into the shape of feces, or who exhibits reluctance in drinking from a sterilized bedpan may "believe" that the substances are safe to eat and drink, but may "alieve" that they are not.


query: How many cricket teams are in Australia?

title: Cricket in Australia

text: The 2015 Cricket World Cup was jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand from 14 February to 29 March 2015. Fourteen teams played 49 matches in 14 venues, with Australia staging 26 games at grounds in Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney. Australia defeated New Zealand by 7 wickets to win their fifth ICC Cricket World Cup in front of a record crowd of 93,013. The winning captain Michael Clarke, retired from ODIs with immediate effect after the final match.[36]

title: Australia A cricket team

text: The Australia A cricket team is a cricket team representing Australia and is the second team of the Australian cricket team. They have also played far more one-day than first-class matches; indeed they have played only three first-class games against equivalent A sides, against South Africa A in 2002–03 and Pakistan A in 2009.

title: Australia national blind cricket team

text: The Australia blind cricket team is the national blind cricket team of Australia.It has been organized and run by the Blind Cricket Australia. Australia blind cricket team participates in One Day Internationals and T20 Internationals. Australian team also participated in the inaugural Blind Cricket World Cup in 1998 and ended up as semifinalists. The team generally participated in every editions of the Blind cricket world cups.

title: Australia national cricket team record by opponent

text: The Australia national cricket team represents Australia in international cricket and is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test and One Day International (ODI) status. Australia is the joint oldest team in Test cricket history, having played in the first ever Test match in 1877. The team also plays One Day International cricket and Twenty20 International, participating in both the first ODI, against England in the 1970–71 season and the first Twenty20 International, against New Zealand in the 2004–05 season, winning both games.

title: List of Australia Test cricket records against Pakistan

text: This is a list of Australian Test cricket records against Pakistan. It is based on the List of Australia Test cricket records, but concentrates solely on records dealing with the Australian Test cricket team, and any cricketers who have played for that team, against the Pakistan Test cricket team. Australia played its first recognised Test cricket match against Pakistan in October 1956, and the records listed here date from that time.

title: Netherlands at the Cricket World Cup

text: The Dutch cricket team is a national cricket team representing the Netherlands. It is administered by the Koninklijke Nederlandse Cricket Bond ("Royal Dutch Cricket Association") which is based in Nieuwegein in the centre of the country and is older than many renowned cricket clubs in the West Indies, Australia, and New Zealand. The Netherlands have participated in the 1996, 2003, 2007 and 2011 Cricket World Cups.

title: Indian cricket team in Australia in 2003–04

text: "We always look to play aggressive cricket. It's part of our batting philosophy, we try to score off as many balls as possible. That's how we have been successful. But some of the shot selection from our top six batsmen was not good enough today. The Indian bowlers bowled in the right areas, give them credit for that. But our batting performance was immature."

text: This is a list of Australian Test cricket records against India. It is based on the List of Australia Test cricket records, but concentrates solely on records dealing with the Australian Test cricket team, and any cricketers who have played for that team, against the Indian Test cricket team. Australia played its first recognised Test cricket match against India in November 1947, and the records listed here date from that time.

title: English cricket team in Australia in 1979–80

text: The England national cricket team toured Australia from November 1979 to February 1980 and played a three-match Test series against the Australia national cricket team. Australia won the Test series 3–0. England were captained by Mike Brearley; Australia by Greg Chappell. In addition, the teams played in a triangular Limited Overs International (LOI) tournament with the West Indies cricket team. The West Indies won this tournament, defeating England in the final.

title: List of Australia Test cricket records against New Zealand

text: This is a list of Australian Test cricket records against New Zealand. It is based on the List of Australia Test cricket records, but concentrates solely on records dealing with the Australian Test cricket team, and any cricketers who have played for that team, against the New Zealand Test cricket team. Australia played its first recognised Test cricket match against New Zealand in March 1946, and the records listed here date from that time.

title: Pakistani cricket team in Australia in 1978–79

text: The Pakistan national cricket team, captained by Majid Khan, toured Australia in March 1979 and played two Test matches against the Australia national cricket team. The series was drawn 1–1. Pakistan visited Sri Lanka "en route" for home and played a match against the Sri Lankan national cricket team.

title: Sport in Oceania

text: Cricket is a popular summer sport in Australia and New Zealand. Australia had ruled International cricket as the number one team for more than a decade, and have won five Cricket World Cups and have been runner-up for two times, making them the most successful cricket team. New Zealand is also considered a strong competitor in the sport, with the New Zealand cricket team, also called the Black Caps, enjoying success in many competitions. Both Australia and New Zealand are Full members of the ICC.

title: International Cricketer of the Year

text: The award was based on performances in tests and one day internationals. Because Australia almost always played more matches than visiting teams, points were "weighted" according to how many matches each team played. The prize often included a car.

title: List of Australia Test cricket records against Bangladesh

text: This is a list of Australian Test cricket records against Bangladesh. It is based on the List of Australia Test cricket records, but concentrates solely on records dealing with the Australian Test cricket team, and any cricketers who have played for that team, against the Bangladesh Test cricket team. Australia played its first recognised Test cricket match against Bangladesh in July 2003, and the records listed here date from that time.

title: List of Australia Test cricket records against West Indies

text: This is a list of Australian Test cricket records against West Indies. It is based on the List of Australia Test cricket records, but concentrates solely on records dealing with the Australian Test cricket team, and any cricketers who have played for that team, against the West Indian Test cricket team. Australia played its first recognised Test cricket match against West Indies in December 1930, and the records listed here date from that time.

title: List of Australia Test cricket records against South Africa

text: This is a list of Australian Test cricket records against South Africa. It is based on the List of Australia Test cricket records, but concentrates solely on records dealing with the Australian Test cricket team, and any cricketers who have played for that team, against the South Africa Test cricket team. Australia played its first recognised Test cricket match against South Africa in October 1902, and the records listed here date from that time.

title: Australia national cricket team

text: Allan Border Medal Australia A cricket team Australia national women's cricket team Australian Cricket Hall of Fame List of Australia national cricket captains List of Australia Test cricketers List of Australia ODI cricketers List of Australia Twenty20 International cricketers List of Australia Test wicket-keepers

title: Indian cricket team in Australia in 2011–12

text: The Australian team, however, was undergoing a period of transition, with many of their successful players like Shane Warne, Adam Gilchrist, Matthew Hayden and Glenn McGrath having retired a couple of years prior and former captain and batting mainstay Ricky Ponting woefully out-of-form. The team was now captained by Michael Clarke and had many inexperienced players. Australia's recent record was not inspiring, meekly losing the Ashes series, not going to the semifinals of the Cricket World Cup for the first time since 1992, and drawing two prior Test series against South Africa away and against New Zealand at home. Their coach Tim Nielsen had been sacked and replaced with former South African coach Mickey Arthur. Not many cricket experts and media, even in Australia, were expecting an Australian resurgence against a very formidable India.

title: Hobart Hurricanes

text: The Hobart Hurricanes are an Australian professional men's T20 cricket team based in Tasmania, Australia. They compete in Australia's domestic T20 cricket competition known as The Big Bash League, which is a league where many international players compete. Their team represents Hobart. The Hurricanes play their home matches at Blundstone Arena. The Hurricanes wear a purple cricket uniform.

title: Ball tampering

text: As well as a public outcry, especially in Australia, the Australian Sports Commission, the Prime Minister of Australia Malcolm Turnbull, many famous international cricketers and commercial partners of both the Test side and Cricket Australia universally condemned the team for its actions.

title: Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 1975–76

text: For Clive Lloyd this was the final humiliation he was prepared to let his team suffer. He told his spinners after the match, 'Gentlemen, I gave you 400 runs to bowl at and you failed to bowl out the opposition. How many runs must I give you in the future to make sure that you get the wickets?' In fact Lloyd decided to dispense with the use of slow bowlers. He argued that the spinners at his disposal were not of the required quality and he was forced to play them through tradition and the convention that cricket teams always included at least one slow bowler. He felt that West Indian strength lay in their crop of young fast bowlers, and the experiences of his team in Australia had demonstrated how the high-quality, hostile pace attack of Dennis Lillee and Jeff Thomson could intimidate the opposition batting.

text: This is a list of Australia One-Day International cricket records against India, that is record team and individual performances in One Day International (ODI) cricket played between the national teams of Australia and India. Records for Test cricket matches played between Australia and India are at List of Australia Test cricket records against India. This list is based on the List of One-Day International cricket records.

title: Netherlands national cricket team

text: The Netherlands national cricket team is the team that represents the Kingdom of the Netherlands and is administered by the Koninklijke Nederlandse Cricket Bond ("Royal Dutch Cricket Association") which is based in Nieuwegein in the centre of the country and is older than many renowned cricket clubs in the West Indies, Australia, and New Zealand.

title: South Australia

text: Cricket is the most popular summer sport in South Australia and attracts big crowds. South Australia has a cricket team, the South Australian Redbacks, who play at Adelaide Oval in the Adelaide Park Lands during the summer; they won their first title since 1996 in the summer of 2010–11. Many international matches have been played at the Adelaide Oval; it was one of the host cities of 2015 Cricket World Cup, and for many years it hosted the Australia Day One Day International. South Australia is also home to the Adelaide Strikers, an Australian men's professional Twenty20 cricket team that competes in Australia's domestic Twenty20 cricket competition, the Big Bash League.

title: List of Australia Twenty20 International cricket records against India

text: This is a list of Australia Twenty20 International cricket records against India, that is record team and individual performances in Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket played between the national teams of Australia and India. Records for Test cricket matches and One Day International matches played between Australia and India are at List of Australia Test cricket records against India and List of Australia One Day International cricket records against India respectively.

title: English cricket team in Australia in 1987–88

text: The England national cricket team visited Australia in January 1988 and played one Test match at the Sydney Cricket Ground against the Australia national cricket team. The Test match was drawn and the teams also played a Limited Overs International (LOI) at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, won by Australia. England were in Australia as part of the country's Bicentenary celebrations of 1988. The Ashes were not at stake in the one-off Bicentennial Test.

title: History of Australian cricket from 1890–91 to 1900

text: "For information about this tour, see" : English cricket team in Australia in 1891-92"For information about this tour, see" : English cricket team in Australia in 1894-95"For information about this tour, see" : English cricket team in Australia in 1897–98

title: Cricket in Australia

text: There are currently 290,566 female participants in cricket. The Australia national women's cricket team competes internationally and has won the Women's Cricket World Cup 5 times, more than any other team.[46] As in men's cricket, Australia and England were the first two women's Test nations, playing in the inaugural women's Test in Brisbane in 1934. Australia compete with England for the Women's Ashes, a cricket bat symbolically burned prior to the 1998 test series. The Australian team also compete in the Rose Bowl series, a series of one-day internationals against New Zealand.

title: History of Australian cricket from 1900–01 to 1918

text:
An English team managed by Lord Hawke toured Australia and New Zealand in 1902–03. The team was captained by Plum Warner and included Bernard Bosanquet, Frederick Fane, Cuthbert Burnup and George Thompson. They played three first-class matches in Australia versus New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria."For more information about this tour, see": English cricket team in Australia in 1903-04"For more information about this tour, see": English cricket team in Australia in 1907-08
"For more information about this tour, see": English cricket team in Australia in 1911-12

title: List of Australia Test cricket records against Sri Lanka

text: This is a list of Australian Test cricket records against Sri Lanka. It is based on the List of Australia Test cricket records, but concentrates solely on records dealing with the Australian Test cricket team, and any cricketers who have played for that team, against the Pakistan Test cricket team. Australia played its first recognised Test cricket match against Pakistan in April 1983, and the records listed here date from that time.

title: List of Australia women Test cricketers

text: This is a List of Australia women Test cricketers who have played Test cricket for the Australia national women's cricket team. According to sports statistics website ESPNcricinfo, 167 women have played test cricket for Australia. According to the website of Australia national women's cricket team, 192 women have played cricket for Australia, including its test team.


query: When was the Forgotten Realms campaign introduced?

title: Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting

text: The Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting is a role-playing game sourcebook, first published in 1987. It details the Forgotten Realms setting and contains information on characters, locations and history, and sets specific rules for the Dungeons & Dragons (often abbreviated as D&D) role-playing game. The latest edition was published in 2008 by Wizards of the Coast, for use with the 4th edition Dungeons & Dragons rules.

title: Forgotten Realms

text: With the release of the Dungeons & Dragons 4th Edition, the Forgotten Realms were updated again to the new rules system, featuring a very changed Realms and moving the fictional world's timeline 94 years into the future.[37][38] The Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide, released August 2008, is a 288-page book for Dungeon Masters. The Forgotten Realms Player's Guide was released the following month, and contains information for players to help create Forgotten Realms characters. An adventure, Scepter Tower of Spellgard, was also released in September 2008 and can be used in combination with the adventure in the Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide to start a Forgotten Realms campaign.[39] In 2008, the Forgotten Realms also became the setting for the RPGA's sole living campaign, Living Forgotten Realms, replacing Living Greyhawk. In 2011, the Neverwinter Campaign Setting was released.

title: List of human deities in Dungeons & Dragons

text: Ed Greenwood created Gond for his home "Dungeons & Dragons" game, inspired by the Greek deity Hephaestus. Gond first appeared within Dungeons & Dragons as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Gond is introduced as Wonderbringer, god of blacksmiths, artificers, crafts, and construction, a neutral lesser god from the plane of Concordant Opposition. Gond is described as an inventor and artisan, as well as a smith. Gond's alliances among the gods are also described: "Oghma is served by Gond on one hand, and by Milil and Deneir on the other." Gond is commonly worshipped by characters working as sages, artisans, smiths, alchemists. Gond later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"'s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Gond was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). His clergy was further detailed in "Warriors and Priests of the Realms" (1996), and "Prayers from the Faithful" (1997). His role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). Her relationships with the nonhuman deities in the Forgotten Realms was covered in "Demihuman Deities" (1998), where he was described as having assumed the aspect of the Gnome deity Nebelun in Faerûn. Gond is described as one of the good deities that celestials can serve in the supplement "Warriors of Heaven" (1999). Gond appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).

title: Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting

text: The Forgotten Realms continued to be a supported campaign setting in the 4th edition of D&D. Wizards of the Coast released the Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide in August 2008, and the Forgotten Realms Player's Guide in September 2008.

text: Ed Greenwood created Deneir for his home "Dungeons & Dragons" game, set in the Forgotten Realms. Deneir first appeared within Dungeons & Dragons as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Deneir is introduced as Lord of All Glyphs and Images, god of literature and art, a neutral good demigod from the plane of the Happy Hunting Grounds. He is described as being connected to Oghma, and depicted as an old, balding sage with a flaming white beard, said to have manufactured the artifact Kuroth's Quill, and ascribed by his priests to have written most magical books and tomes. Deneir's alliances among the gods are also described: "Oghma is served by Gond on one hand, and by Milil and Deneir on the other." Deneir is commonly worshipped by magic-users, illusionists, thieves, clerics, as well as characters employed as poets, artists, scribes, and sages. Deneir later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"'s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Deneir was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). His role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). Deneir is described as one of the good deities that celestials can serve in the supplement "Warriors of Heaven" (1999). Deneir appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).

title: Tyr (Forgotten Realms)

text: Tyr later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Forgotten Realms

text: An eponymous module, based on the role-playing video game Curse of the Azure Bonds, was released in 1989, as was The Avatar Trilogy series of novels, consisting of Shadowdale, Tantras, and Waterdeep that detailed the storyline which became known as the "Time of Troubles". A series of module adaptations for these novels (Shadowdale, Tantras, and Waterdeep) were released in the same year, along with the Hall of Heroes accessory, detailing many of the major characters appearing in Forgotten Realms novels published up through that time. In early 1990, the hardcover Forgotten Realms Adventures by Jeff Grubb and Ed Greenwood was released, which introduced the Realms setting to the second edition of the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons game and detailed how the Time of Troubles had changed the setting.[14] The RPGA used the Forgotten Realms city of Ravens Bluff as the setting for their first living campaign. Official RPGA support for this product line included the Living City modules series. A number of sub-settings of the Forgotten Realms were briefly supported in the early 1990s. Three more modules were produced for the Kara-Tur setting. The Horde: Barbarian Campaign Setting, released in 1990, detailed The Hordelands, which also featured a series of three modules. The Maztica Campaign Set, released in 1991, detailed the continent of Maztica.

title: Mystra (Forgotten Realms)

text: Mystra later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Forgotten Realms

text: Although the Realms were yet to be an official campaign world, the module H1: Bloodstone Pass, released in 1985 by TSR, is now considered to be a part of the Forgotten Realms,[16] although it wasn't until module H3 The Bloodstone Wars was released that Forgotten Realms became the official setting for the module series.[17] The first official Forgotten Realms product was Douglas Niles's Darkwalker on Moonshae, the first book in The Moonshae Trilogy, which predates the Forgotten Realms Campaign Set by one month.[18]

text: Ed Greenwood created Helm for his home "Dungeons & Dragons" game, in his Forgotten Realms world. Helm first appeared within Dungeons & Dragons as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Helm is introduced as He of the Unsleeping Eyes, the god of guardians, a lawful neutral lesser god from the plane of Nirvana. He is described as "always vigilant, watchful. He is never surprised, and anticipates most events by intelligence and observation. He can never be borne off his feet, rarely can he be tricked, and he will never betray or neglect that which he guards. In short, he is the ideal of guardians, and is worshiped so that some of his qualities will come to, or be borne out in, the worshiper." The article also notes that "In certain situations Torm and Helm will work together." Helm is commonly worshiped by lawful neutral thieves, monks, and clerics, as well as any characters employed as guards. Helm later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"'s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Helm was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). His clergy was further detailed in "Warriors and Priests of the Realms" (1996), and "Prayers from the Faithful" (1997). His role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). His relationships with the nonhuman deities in the Forgotten Realms was covered in "Demihuman Deities" (1998). Helm is described as one of the good deities that celestials can serve in the supplement "Warriors of Heaven" (1999). Helm appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).

text: Azuth was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). His role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). Azuth is described as one of the good deities that celestials can serve in the supplement "Warriors of Heaven" (1999). Azuth appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002). Azuth is mentioned as having been destroyed in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide" (2009). When Dweomerheart exploded with the death of Mystra, Azuth fell through the cosmos into the Nine Hells, where Asmodeus consumed his essence to become a fully-fledged god.

title: Shar (Forgotten Realms)

text: Shar later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Sune (Forgotten Realms)

text: Sune later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

text: Ed Greenwood created Beshaba for his home "Dungeons & Dragons" game set in the Forgotten Realms. Beshaba first appeared within "Dungeons & Dragons" as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Beshaba is introduced as the Maid of Misfortune, Black Bess, and Lady Doom; she is the goddess of mischief, misfortune, ill luck, accidents, (treachery, betrayal), a chaotic evil lesser goddess from the Abyss. She is described as "a beautiful white-haired face, laughing hysterically. Ill fortune ... falls on those who behold her. Often, sure fire plans go awry, stout weapons or walls suddenly give way, and freak accidents occur to man and beast where Beshaba has been." Beshaba later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"'s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Beshaba was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). Her clergy was further detailed in "Warriors and Priests of the Realms" (1996), and "Prayers from the Faithful" (1997). Her role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). Her relationships with the nonhuman deities in the Forgotten Realms were covered in "Demihuman Deities" (1998). Beshaba appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002). In "Baldur's Gate 2: Shadows of Amn", a mob in the Government District of Athkatla is preparing to burn Viconia, a runaway drow elf, as a sacrifice to Beshaba. This is most likely due to the mob wanting to dissuade the misfortune of a drow invasion on the city.

title: Helm (Forgotten Realms)

text: Helm later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

text: Ed Greenwood created Ilmater for his home "Dungeons & Dragons" game, created with similarities to the fictional deity Issek of the Jug, created by Fritz Leiber for the short story "Lean Times in Lankhmar". His name, though, bears a resemblance to that of "Ilmatar", the mother of Väinämöinen, from the Finnish Kalevala (and it would not be his first or only borrowing from Finnish mythology). Ilmater first appeared within Dungeons & Dragons as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Ilmater is introduced as the god of endurance, suffering, martyrdom, and perseverance, a lawful good lesser god from the plane of the Twin Paradises. He is described as having the appearance of "a broken man, with smashed hands which he constantly uses. He is the willing sufferer," and that he has the "power to manifest himself in creatures being tortured, but only if such creatures are of good alignment and have not done anything to deserve such treatment." Ilmater's role within the cosmology is also defined: "Torm and Ilmater serve Tyr, and worshippers and priests do the will of this Triad willingly." Ilmater is commonly worshipped by lawful good thieves, clerics, and characters employed as guards. Ilmater later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"'s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Ilmater was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). His clergy was further detailed in "Warriors and Priests of the Realms" (1996), and "Prayers from the Faithful" (1997). His role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). His relationships with the nonhuman deities in the Forgotten Realms was covered in "Demihuman Deities" (1998). Ilmater is described as one of the good deities that celestials can serve in the supplement "Warriors of Heaven" (1999). Ilmater appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).

text: Ed Greenwood created Chauntea for his home Dungeons & Dragons game, loosely inspired by the Greek deity Demeter. Chauntea first appeared within Dungeons & Dragons as one of the deities featured in Ed Greenwood's article "Down-to-earth Divinity" in "Dragon" #54 (October 1981). Chauntea is introduced as the Great Mother, goddess of agriculture, a neutral good greater goddess from the plane of Elysium. Chauntea's alliances among the gods are detailed: "Chauntea and Lathander work together, and often do so in alliance with Silvanus and his gods ... against The Gods of Fury." Chauntea is commonly worshipped by neutral good thieves and clerics, and characters working as farmers. Chauntea later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Sets "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987). Chauntea was described in the hardback "Forgotten Realms Adventures" (1990), the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993) in the "Running the Realms" booklet, and "Faiths & Avatars" (1996). Her clergy was further detailed in "Warriors and Priests of the Realms" (1996), and "Prayers from the Faithful" (1997). Her role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996). Chantea is introduced as once having been known as Jannath"' in the ancient history of the Realms, in "Netheril: Empire of Magic" (1996). Her relationships with the nonhuman deities in the Forgotten Realms was covered in "Demihuman Deities" (1998). Chauntea is described as one of the good deities that celestials can serve in the supplement "Warriors of Heaven" (1999). Chauntea appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002). Chauntea is described in both the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide" and the "Forgotten Realms Player's Guide" for fourth edition. Her portfolio and commandments are similar to those given in previous editions.

title: Talos (Forgotten Realms)

text: Talos later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Torm (Forgotten Realms)

text: Torm later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987), where he is described as a loyal demipower in service to Tyr.

title: Chauntea

text:
Chauntea appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).
Chauntea is described in both the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide" and the "Forgotten Realms Player's Guide" for this edition. Her portfolio and commandments are similar to those given in previous editions.

title: List of Forgotten Realms deities

text: The deities of other "Dungeons & Dragons" campaign settings, including those of the default (or "core") setting for the "Dungeons & Dragons" game, are not generally a part of Forgotten Realms. However, there is some overlap, especially among the deities of nonhuman races. Lolth, the principal deity of the drow in the Forgotten Realms, is specifically described as being the same deity as Lolth in other campaign settings. No mention is made as to whether other deities shared between Forgotten Realms and other campaign settings are intended to represent the same divine entity.

title: Loviatar (Forgotten Realms)

text:
Loviatar appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).
The 4th Edition Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide provides the basic rules for Loviatar, however she is not detailed in depth.

title: Silvanus (Forgotten Realms)

text: Silvanus later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Oghma (Forgotten Realms)

text:
Oghma appears as one of the major deities of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2001), and is further detailed in "Faiths and Pantheons" (2002).
Oghma appears as one of the major deities (or "Greater Gods") of the Forgotten Realms setting again, in "Forgotten Realms Player's Guide" (2008), and is further detailed in "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (2008). He plays largely the same role in the setting as in previous editions, and is still associated, for the most part, with the same gods. His alignment under the new system is Unaligned.

title: Forgotten Realms

text: The Campaign Set (often referred to as the "Grey Box")[18] was later released in 1987[19][20] as a boxed set of two source books (Cyclopedia of the Realms and DM's Sourcebook of the Realms)[5] and four large maps, designed by Greenwood in collaboration with author Jeff Grubb. The set introduced the campaign setting and explained how to use it,[21] and reserved space on the map for SSI's Gold Box computer role-playing games set in the Forgotten Realms.[22]

title: Malar (Forgotten Realms)

text: Malar later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Azuth

title: Mielikki (Forgotten Realms)

text: Mielikki later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).

title: Aballin

text: The aballin was introduced in second edition "Fiend Folio Monstrous Compendium" supplement book (1992). It also appeared for the Forgotten Realms in the revised "Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting" (1993), and reprinted in "Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume One" (1994).

title: List of Forgotten Realms modules and sourcebooks

text:
FA—Forgotten Realms Adventures are stand-alone 2nd Ed. "AD&D" modules set in "Forgotten Realms".
FM—Forgotten Realms Maztica are stand-alone 2nd Ed. "AD&D" modules set in Maztica.
FRA—Forgotten Realms Adventure, or the "Empires Adventures Trilogy", is a series of modules for use with The Horde expansion campaign for 2nd Ed. "AD&D Forgotten Realms".
FRC—Forgotten Realms Companion (or Computer) are modules related to SSI computer games and form a linked sequence.
FRE—Forgotten Realms Epic are modules loosely based on the Avatar Trilogy of "Forgotten Realms" novels.
FRM—Forgotten Realms Mission
FROA—Forgotten Realms Oriental Adventures are modules set in "Forgotten Realms" that require the Oriental Adventures hardcover.
FRQ—Forgotten Realms Quest are stand-alone modules for 2nd Ed. "AD&D" set in "Forgotten Realms".
H—The Bloodstone Pass Saga is a linked campaign series that focuses on using Battlesystem battles in Forgotten Realms "AD&D" adventures.
LC—Living City
N—Novice
OA—Oriental Adventures was originally its own campaign setting (see FROA series above), but from OA5 was incorporated into "Forgotten Realms".
FR—Forgotten Realms adventures were designed for use with 4th edition "Dungeons & Dragons" in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting.FR—Forgotten Realms are sourcebooks describing aspects of "Forgotten Realms", rather than traditional modules. FR1–6 are for 1st Ed. "AD&D", FR7–16 for 2nd Ed.
FOR-Forgotten Realms Accessories are designed for the Realms universe.
FRS—Forgotten Realms Sourcebook are 2nd Ed. "AD&D" sourcebooks for use with "Forgotten Realms".Wizards of the Coast released the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide" in August 2008, and the "Forgotten Realms Player's Guide" in September 2008.

title: Oghma (Forgotten Realms)

text: Oghma later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).


query: When was Pine County, Minnesota formed?

title: Pine County, Minnesota

text: Pine County was organized on March 1, 1856, with Chisago County being its primary parent county. Other portions of the original Pine County originated from Ramsey County. The original county seat was Chengwatana.

title: Pine City, Minnesota

text: Pine City is a city in Pine County, Minnesota, in East Central Minnesota. Pine City is the county seat of, and the largest city in, Pine County.[7] A portion of the city is located on the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation. Founded as a railway town, it quickly became a logging community and the surrounding lakes made it a resort town. Today, it is an arts town and commuter town to jobs in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.[8] It is also a green city.[9] The population was 3,127 at the 2010 census.

title: Little Pine, Minnesota

text: Little Pine is an unincorporated community in Little Pine Township, Crow Wing County, Minnesota, United States, near Emily. It is along Crow Wing County Road 1 near County Road 106. The Little Pine River flows nearby.

title: Arlone Township, Pine County, Minnesota

text: Arlone Township is a township in Pine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 345 at the 2000 census.

title: Pine River Township, Cass County, Minnesota

text: Pine River Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,061 as of the 2000 census. This township took its name from the Pine River.

title: Pine County, Minnesota

text: In 1857, Buchanan County in full and southern portions of Aitkin and Carlton counties were formed from the original Pine County, with Kanabec County organized a year later. In 1861, Buchanan County was dissolved and folded into Pine County. Pine County was re-organized in 1872, with Pine City becoming the new county seat. Pine County has been featured in a series of Mysteries written by Dean Hovey. The titles include: Where Evil Hides, Hooker, Unforgettable, Undeveloped, The Deacon's Demise, and Family Trees.[5] Family Trees won the 2018 Northeastern Minnesota Book Award (NEMBA).

text: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Pine County, Minnesota. It is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pine County, Minnesota, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.

title: Pine County, Minnesota

text: Pine County is a county located in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 29,750.[3] Its county seat is Pine City.[4] The county was formed in 1856 and organized in 1872.

title: Minnesota State Highway 361

text: Highway 361 was established in 1969 to maintain unmarked Minnesota Constitutional Route 1 through the cities of Rush City, Rock Creek, and Pine City after U.S. Highway 61 was moved to Interstate 35. The section of Highway 361 between Rock Creek and Pine City was turned back to Pine County maintenance in 2003, and was renumbered Pine County Highway 61. Its previous northern terminus from 1967 to 2003 was at its intersection with old State Highway 324 in Pine City, now marked as Pine County Highway 7. The rest of the roadway was turned over Chisago and Pine counties in 2011.

text: Little Pine Township is a township in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 86 at the 2000 census. Little Pine Township took its name from the Little Pine River.

title: Joseph Edward Therrien

text: Born in Canada, he moved with his parents to Two Harbors, Minnesota in 1882 where he studied law. In 1908, he moved to Pine City, Minnesota. He owned Pine City Abstract Company in Pine City, Minnesota. He served in Lake County, Minnesota government and was county auditor for Pine County, Minnesota. Therrien also served as probate judge for Pine County, Minnesota 1917-1920. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives 1923-1931 and 1943-1947.

title: Pine Island, Minnesota

text: Pine Island is a city in Goodhue and Olmsted counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Most of Pine Island is located within Goodhue County, but a small part extends into Olmsted County, making that small portion part of the Rochester metropolitan area. The city's population was 3,263 at the 2010 census.

title: List of county roads in Pine County, Minnesota

text: The following is an incomplete list of county-maintained roads in Pine County, Minnesota, United States.

title: Scouting in Minnesota

text:
Lakes and Pines Council serves 11,000 girls in 39 counties throughout
the northern half of Minnesota and northwest corner of Wisconsin.
Northern Pine and Land of Lakes Councils joined together Jan. 1, 2008
to form Girl Scouts of Minnesota and Wisconsin Lakes and Pines.

title: Pine Lake (Cass County, Minnesota)

text: Pine Lake is a lake in Cass County, Minnesota, in the United States.

title: Buchanan County, Minnesota

text: Buchanan County is a former county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It was established May 23, 1857, as a county in the Minnesota Territory, named after President James Buchanan. It comprised the 24 northern townships, now forming the northern half of Pine County, Minnesota. The Buchanan County seat was Fortuna (known today as Sandstone). This county was dissolved and incorporated with Pine County in 1861.

text: County Highway 9 is a road that serves Pine City, Pine City Township, Chegwatana Township and Pokegama Township, Pine County, Minnesota. The road begins at "St. Croix Road Southeast" (CR 8) in Pine City, heads out of Pine City on "East Cross Lake Road", generally heads northeast on "Cross Lake Road" for approximately along portions of former Point Douglas to Superior Military Road, then north for , terminating at "Beroun Crossing Road" (CR 14).

title: Pine City, Minnesota

text: Interstate 35 I-35 Business Loop Pine County Road 7 Pine County Road 8 Pine County Road 9 Pine County Road 11 Pine County Road 61 Minnesota State Highway 361 Decommissioned {Now County 61} U.S. Route 61 Decommissioned {Now County 61} Minnesota State Highway 324 Decommissioned {Now County 7}

title: Aitkin County, Minnesota

text: Aitkin County was established in 1857 as "Aiken County". The current spelling was adopted in 1872. It was named after William Alexander Aitken, a fur trader for the American Fur Company, under John Jacob Astor. Formed from Ramsey and Pine counties, Aiken County originally consisted of the 17 townships closest to Mille Lacs Lake. It acquired outlands of Ramsey, Itasca and Pine Counties to its north and east. It was organized in 1871, taking up lands from Cass and Itasca Counties and losing a point in the southwestern corner to Crow Wing County to form its current boundaries.

title: Arna Township, Pine County, Minnesota

text: Arna Township is a township in Pine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 86 at the 2000 census.

title: Big Pine Lake (Isanti County, Minnesota)

text: Big Pine Lake is a lake in Isanti County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.

title: Pine Lake (Chisago County, Minnesota)

text: Pine Lake may refer to two separate lakes in Chisago County, Minnesota

title: Pine County, Minnesota

title: Finlayson Township, Pine County, Minnesota

text: Finlayson Township is a township in Pine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 506 at the 2000 census. The township's original extent was reduced when the city of Finlayson was incorporated and separated from it.

title: Pine City, Minnesota

text: When Buchanan County was merged with Pine County in 1861, the county seat was consolidated to Pine City because it was already well-established. Because of its location on the far southern edge of Pine County, there have been attempts over the years to move the county seat to more centrally located Hinckley and Sandstone. However, being the most populous city in the county, Pine City always prevailed as the county seat.

text: The procedure of Pine County referring to the plurality of its county routes as a "county highway" rather than a "county road" is an anomaly in Minnesota; whereas with most other counties in Minnesota, the opposite method is followed for addressing the name of a county route.

title: Pine Lake (Clearwater County, Minnesota)

text: Pine Lake is a lake in Clearwater County, Minnesota, in the United States.

title: Pine Lake (Otter Tail County, Minnesota)

text: Pine Lake is a lake in Otter Tail County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.

title: Pine Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota

text: Pine Lake Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 170 as of the 2000 census. This township took its name from Pine Lake.

title: Pine Lake Township, Pine County, Minnesota

text: Pine Lake Township is a township in Pine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 576 at the 2000 census.

title: Pine City Township, Pine County, Minnesota

text: Pine City Township is a township in Pine County, Minnesota, United States, located south and east of the city of Pine City. The township population was 1,249 at the 2000 census.