query: How much do pharmacists make?

title: Pharmacist

text: The American Pharmacy Journal of Education in 2014 reported the average salary around $112,160.[36]

title: Human–computer interaction

text: Human–computer interaction studies the ways in which humans make, or do not make, use of computational artifacts, systems and infrastructures. In doing so, much of the research in the field seeks to "improve" human–computer interaction by improving the "usability" of computer interfaces. How usability is to be precisely understood, how it relates to other social and cultural values and when it is, and when it may not be a desirable property of computer interfaces is increasingly debated.

title: How Do I Make You

text: AllMusic critic Mike DeGagne assessed "How Do I Make You" as "a far cry from the ballads, the love songs, and the ample amount of cover versions that [Ronstadt] had charted with in the past" saying "[the track's] quick tempo and pulsating pace had Ronstadt showing some new wave spunk mixed with a desire to rock out a little." However, "Rolling Stone" critic Stephen Holden, felt that on "How Do I Make You" Ronstadt "frankly imitates Deborah Harry," the lead vocalist of defining new wave act Blondie. He further described the song as "Buddy Holly-like" and that it roughly brackets "How Do I Make You" with earlier Ronstadt hits "That'll Be the Day" (1976) and "It's So Easy" (1977), both remakes of Buddy Holly records.

title: Fictional universe of Harry Potter

text: However, a large number of technologically complex devices do exist, and most of these devices exist in the Muggle world. From a certain perspective, it can be seen that Magic and electricity are the equivalents of each other in their respective worlds, but electronic equipment doesn't work around magic-filled areas, such as Hogwarts, and Muggle devices used by wizards (such as cameras and radios) can be made to function using magic instead of electricity. Such examples are rare, however; wizards rarely make use of Muggle technology, nor do they have much interest in doing so, even when such technology might make their lives much easier. Pure-blood Wizards are baffled by how Muggle technology works and most have no interest in understanding it (with occasional exceptions, such as Muggle aficionado Arthur Weasley, whose dearest ambition is "to find out how an aeroplane stays up"). "Muggle Studies" classes are offered at Hogwarts for those students with an interest. On several occasions, Harry Potter is tasked with having to explain the workings of commonplace Muggle technology, such as introducing the telephone to Mr Weasley in "Chamber of Secrets"; at the beginning of "Prisoner of Azkaban", Ron Weasley makes his first telephone call – with disastrous results for Harry.

title: Genre studies

text:
Researchers have also shown that the rhetorical moves people must make within accepted genres to communicate successfully in particular contexts operate to reinforce communities' identities and to legitimate particular communication practices. Thus, the genres that communities enact help structure their members' ways of creating, interpreting, and using knowledge (Myers; Winsor, Ordering, Writing; Bazerman, Shaping, Constructing; Berkenkotter and Huckin; Smart).
Genres are very important in our every day life and we do not realize how much we use them, how much they affect us, how much they determine the way we act and understand the others.

title: Barry Clemson

text: "It's not how much you do, its how much love you put into it … Do small things with great love." -- Mother Teresa --

title: Law School Transparency

text: This web tool helps students make smart application and enrollment choices using admissions, employment, and cost information. While not rankings, they do serve as an alternative to conventional law school rankings. LST does not reduce complex data to a single metric. Instead, LST's tool focuses students on schools that have observable relationships to specific legal markets and job types. The result is a product that makes appropriate, useful comparisons and provides a thorough understanding of how schools stack up, how much they cost, and how they’re trending.

title: Pharmacist

text: Academic pharmacist Clinical pharmacy specialist Community pharmacist Compounding pharmacist Consultant pharmacist Drug information pharmacist Home health pharmacist Hospital pharmacist Industrial pharmacist Informatics pharmacist Locum pharmacist Managed care pharmacist Military pharmacist Nuclear pharmacist Oncology pharmacist Regulatory-affairs pharmacist Veterinary pharmacist Pharmacist clinical pathologist Pharmacist clinical toxicologist

title: Pharmacist

text: In Tanzania, pharmacy practice is regulated by the national Pharmacy Board, which is also responsible for registration of pharmacists in the country. By international standards, the density of pharmacists is very low, with a mean of 0.18 per 10,000 population. The majority of pharmacists are found in urban areas, with some underserved regions having only 2 pharmacists per region. According to 2007–2009 data, the largest group of pharmacists was employed in the public sector (44%). Those working in private retail pharmacies were 23%, and the rest were mostly working for private wholesalers, pharmaceutical manufacturers, in academia/teaching, or with faith-based or non-governmental facilities. The salaries of pharmacists varied significantly depending on the place of work. Those who worked in the academia were the highest paid followed by those who worked in the multilateral non-governmental organizations. The public sector including public retail pharmacies and faith based organizations paid much less. The Ministry of Health salary scale for medical doctors was considerably higher than that of pharmacists despite having a difference of only one year of training.[19]

title: Tobacco-Free Pharmacies

text: Ontario was the first jurisdiction in Canada to ban the sale of tobacco products in pharmacies, with the legislative prohibition coming into force on December 31, 1994. The Ontario College of Pharmacists had been calling for such a ban since 1991. New Brunswick was the second province to enact a ban, doing so in 1997. In Quebec, a prohibition against tobacco sales in pharmacies first came into force in 1996 when the Quebec Order of Pharmacists ("Ordre des pharmaciens du Québec") directed its members to stop selling cigarettes, declaring the practice to be inconsistent with the professional mandate of pharmacists. The National Assembly of Quebec followed up with a statutory ban in 1998, making it the third province in Canada to do so through legislation.

title: Source lines of code

text: In IBM there's a religion in software that says you have to count K-LOCs, and a K-LOC is a thousand lines of code. How big a project is it? Oh, it's sort of a 10K-LOC project. This is a 20K-LOCer. And this is 50K-LOCs. And IBM wanted to sort of make it the religion about how we got paid. How much money we made off OS/2, how much they did. How many K-LOCs did you do? And we kept trying to convince them – hey, if we have – a developer's got a good idea and he can get something done in 4K-LOCs instead of 20K-LOCs, should we make less money? Because he's made something smaller and faster, less K-LOC. K-LOCs, K-LOCs, that's the methodology. Ugh! Anyway, that always makes my back just crinkle up at the thought of the whole thing.

title: Shifting Baselines

text: The Flix contest is an ongoing project. Amateur film-makers, and cinema students the world over have joined in to compete for the editing software and cash prizes offered by the contest. Your films need not be about the ocean, necessarily. You can also make a film about the broader idea of shifting baselines, which refers to the lowered standards created when we can no longer tell what is natural for our world any more. For instance, how do we know how clean our water originally was? Today all of our water has small, but ever-increasing levels of mercury, lead, and other even more poisonous compounds. Certainly a certain amount of that has always been in the water, but how much is normal? How much is natural? And how do we know what "Pristine" is any more? When talking about what is natural we really have no clue what the world was like before human impact, and therefore cannot know what struggles we have to put forward in order to clean up the world and make it liveable and drinkable again.

title: Ty Segall (2017 album)

text: The album was recorded with noted alternative rock recording engineer Steve Albini, with Segall noting: "He’s a master. I think we share an opinion on how to make a record. It's so much fun. He just wants to help you make what you want to make. There’s no ego. He doesn’t insert himself into the situation in a crazy way; he just wants to achieve what you want to do. What we were doing, I think, is one of his favourite things to do – just a band in a room playing super loud music." Drummer Charles Moothart noted, "He works hard, but also works smart. He knows how to use his time and how to get the best results, and ultimately wants to be a tool to help whoever he is working with get what they want out of the session. That can be intimidating at first, but at the end of the day he is an inspirational person to work with."

title: Clinical pharmacy

text: Within the system of health care, clinical pharmacists are experts in the therapeutic use of medications. They routinely provide medication therapy evaluations and recommendations to patients and other health care professionals. Clinical pharmacists are a primary source of scientifically valid information and advice regarding the safe, appropriate, and cost-effective use of medications. Clinical pharmacists are also making themselves more readily available to the public. In the past, access to a clinical pharmacist was limited to hospitals, clinics, or educational institutions. However, clinical pharmacists are making themselves available through a medication information hotline, and reviewing medication lists, all in an effort to prevent medication errors in the foreseeable future. In the United Kingdom, clinical pharmacists are routinely involved in the direct care of patients within hospitals, and increasingly, in doctors surgeries. They also develop post registration professional education, professional curricula for workforce development, provide expertise on the use of medicines to national organizations such as NICE, the Department of Health, and the MHRA, and develop medicines guidelines for use in therapeutic areas.

title: Travis Tomko

text: On October 11, 2011, Tomko was arrested on robbery charges, after allegedly robbing 210 tablets of Oxycodone from a CVS Pharmacy. Tomko reportedly went into the pharmacy several days in a row to ask for oxycodone. According to the police report, on Monday, October 10, 2011, he allegedly walked up to the pharmacy consultation desk and demanded that a pharmacist give him all of the oxycodone in the safe. Tomko is alleged to have said, "Do not make me hurt you, you will be in severe pain." with his hand beneath his shirt, pointing to something while looking at the pharmacist, according to the pharmacist's statement.

title: Consumption of fixed capital

text: How much the depreciation charge actually will be, depends mainly on the depreciation rates which enterprises are "officially permitted" to charge for tax purposes (usually fixed by law), and on how fixed assets themselves are "valued" for accounting purposes. This makes the assessment of CFC quite complex, because fixed assets may be valued for instance at:By how much then, do fixed assets used in production truly "decline" in value, within an accounting period? How should they be valued? This can be arguable and very difficult to answer, and in practice, various conventions are adopted by accountants and auditors within the framework of legal rules and economic theory.

title: Over-the-counter counseling

text: Whether or not pharmacists should be involved with selling dietary supplements, which are not approved for the treatment or prevention of any disease or disorder, is the subject of much ethical debate. However, a 2009 review of the literature found that the common perception was that pharmacists should be involved in the OTC counseling process for dietary supplements where dietary supplements are sold. As experts in drug therapies that cause vitamin depletion, there are several recommendations that pharmacists commonly make. For example, pharmacists sometimes advise patients on long-term metformin therapy to supplement with vitamin B12 to treat or prevent diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

title: Pharmacy research

text: Pharmacy practice research, also known as pharmacy research, is a specialty field within the wider area of health services research, which focuses on examining how and why people access pharmacy services, how much care costs, and what happens to patients as a result of this care. Its aim is to support evidence-based policy and practice decisions where pharmacists are employed or medicines are prescribed or used.

title: Jewish response to The Forty Days of Musa Dagh

text: Peter Balakian describes how the U.S. State Department under President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) surrendered to the demands of Turkey and forced MGM to drop the project to make a film based on the novel and once again compares this event concerning the novel to the fate of the European Jews: "This was 1935. How much did FDR's State Department know about what Hitler was doing to the Jews of Europe, and how much did it care?"

title: Prescription charges

text: Some medicines do not cost as much as a prescription charge, and can be bought from the same pharmacist.

title: The Princeton Three

text: Wheeler believed with would help bring about planning and priority to national defense and the new ideas that began to come about. Since he had been a professor and saw first hand the work that gets done when people are in a setting where they can work together while still having private space to conduct research, he was sure that the way to make the idea of a national laboratory would be to make a campus-like setting for all the invited scientists to collaborate and work on defense and national security. Wheeler wanted a national laboratory much like they government created for bomb testing at Los Alamos during World War II. A former colleague wrote to Wheeler, a physicist named Kenneth Watson, about the current state of defense research and it was rather disappointing. Many of the researchers and workers around the job sites spent much of their time talking about how glad they were they didn't have to do too much work and that defense agencies spend a majority of their time discussing how good of a job they are doing in certain areas rather than actually doing those jobs.

title: Workload

text: The theory can also be applied to automobiles or other machines, which are slightly more "perfect" than animals. Making a car heavier, for instance, increases the load that the engine must pull. Likewise, making it more aerodynamic decreases drag, which acts as a load on the car as well. Torque can be thought of as the ability to move load, and the revs are how much work it can do with that load in a given amount of time. Therefore, torque and revs together create kilowatts, or total power output. Total output can be related to the "workload" of the engine/car, or how much work it can do with a given amount of load. As engines are more mechanically perfect than animals' muscles, and do not fatigue in the same way, they will conform much more closely to the formula that if you apply more load, they will do less work, and vice versa.

title: Rehearsal

text: Amateur orchestras or chamber ensembles, such as university or community groups rehearse music for a number of reasons. While an amateur ensemble does rehearsals for many of the same reasons as a professional ensemble—to coordinate the rhythmic ensemble and intonation—with an amateur group the conductor has to do much more teaching to the orchestra. However, amateur musicians are much more likely to make note mistakes, transposition errors or play with incorrect intonation or rhythms; the conductor must point these issues out to the performers and give them advice on how to correct them. In amateur groups, players may not have strong ensemble skills, so the conductor may have to coach players about how to learn to blend their sound well with other sections or how to coordinate rhythmic passages that are played by different sections, or how to mark their part after they make an error to prevent the error from being repeated.

title: The Man Who Killed Don Quixote

text: During filming in May, Gilliam stated "In the end, we're doing this for much less money than we honestly need. But everyone involved, from the cast to the crew, are all working their asses off for a fraction of what they would normally be paid, because they just want to see this thing done. It's odd how being obsessive and not giving up can inspire other people to get involved. Fools that they are!" He also stated "It was terrifying starting shooting this film finally after, well it originally started in 1989. That's a long time ago! To be thinking, dreaming it, writing and rewriting it, it was a horrible feeling... Yet what's interesting about a film - at a certain point it starts making itself. So it's not actually the film I set out to make. This is a slightly different film. It's doing its own work, and I'm just holding on for dear life!" Driver stated that "Terry couldn't control his enthusiasm, nor how deeply ingrained this movie was within his body. It seemed like an exorcism, every day we were making it." During filming, Gilliam commented on how well they were doing: "I still worry. We've had too much luck, so it could go wrong at any moment. Today, the clouds are building. They'll probably block out the light and we'll have to go home."

title: Olivier Bernard (pharmacist)

text: "One question I often ask myself is: Just how much must I make the content accessible? (...) Reaching a good balance between a short, punchy text and rigorous content is always a challenge." - Olivier Bernard, the Pharmafist

title: Over-the-counter counseling

text: A pharmacist can use both open-ended questions (that start with the word "who", "what", "how", "why" or "where") as well as close-ended questions (that start with the word "will", "can", "do" or "did") which are to be used only if the former do not get the appropriate response in order to obtain relevant information about a patient's potential needs for treatment or potential drug-therapy problems.

title: Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do

text: Book Six contains the stories of a bookbinder, a pharmacist, a piano tuner, a realty broker, a yacht broker, two stockbrokers, a project coordinator, a government relations coordinator, a process clerk, and an organizer. Here is a sample:

title: Jimmy Wetch

text: However, Wetch's love for gambling and for pool did not translate into a love of the hustle. He did it because it was the only way he knew how to make money doing what he loved, but he never liked "the , the moving, the mismatches, the phony names.""I never felt good about the hustling. No matter how much money I made at it, I knew I didn't want to keep doing it. Frankly, when no one knows how you play, it's like putting a gun to someone's head. It wasn't a matter of whether you were going to win, but how much you were going to win, Early on, you make money everywhere you go. Then it all disappears."  – Wetch, in "Billiards Digest" (1999)

title: Where We're Meant to Be

text: The central theme of the film is connection and how small moments that seem inconsequential can make a huge difference in a life. And since you don't know what moments can make the difference, there's no point in stressing out about it. Howard says of the theme that "one of the most important aspects is to just live your life regardless of what's happening around you. If you're worried or stressed out about something, it's not going to do any good to shut down and not keep moving on. And whether the situation turns out good or bad, there was still so much wasted time in that interim. It's not how much time you have; it's how you "use" that time that makes all the difference.

text: Adapted from the "For How Much Longer Do We Tolerate Mass Murder?" liner notes.

title: Pharmacist

text: Wages for pharmacists in Australia appear to have stagnated. The award wages for a pharmacist is $812 a week.[13] Pharmacist graduates are the lowest paid university graduates most years. Most pharmacists do earn above the award wage; the average male pharmacist earns $65,000, a female pharmacist averages $56,500. Over recent years, wages have stagnated, and even gone backwards. There are more graduates expected in the next few years making it even harder to get a job. Job security and increase in wages with regards to CPI could be unlikely. This is due to the large numbers of pharmacy graduates in recent years, and government desire to lower PBS costs. Contract and casual work is becoming more common. A contract pharmacist is self-employed and often called a locum; these pharmacists may be hired for one shift or for a longer period of time. There are accounts of underemployment and unemployment emerging recently.


query: When did Homer compose the Odyssey?

title: Homer

text: The Homeric Question – concerning by whom, when, where and under what circumstances the Iliad and Odyssey were composed – continues to be debated. Broadly speaking, modern scholarly opinion falls into two groups. One holds that most of the Iliad and (according to some) the Odyssey are the works of a single poet of genius. The other considers the Homeric poems to be the result of a process of working and reworking by many contributors, and that "Homer" is best seen as a label for an entire tradition.[4] It is generally accepted that the poems were composed at some point around the late eighth or early seventh century BC.[5]

title: Parallels between Virgil's Aeneid and Homer's Iliad and Odyssey

text: When writing the "Aeneid", Virgil (or Vergil) drew from his studies on the Homeric epics of the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey" to help him create a national epic poem for the Roman people. Virgil used several characteristics associated with epic poetry, more specifically Homer's epics, including the use of hexameter verse, book division, lists of genealogies and underlying themes to draw parallels between the Romans and their cultural predecessors, the Greeks.

title: Homer

text: In 1488, the Greek scholar Demetrios Chalkokondyles published the editio princeps of the Homeric poems.[21] The earliest modern Homeric scholars started with the same basic approaches towards the Homeric poems as scholars in antiquity.[21][20][19] The allegorical interpretation of the Homeric poems that had been so prevalent in antiquity returned to become the prevailing view of the Renaissance.[21] Renaissance humanists praised Homer as the archetypically wise poet, whose writings contain hidden wisdom, disguised through allegory.[21] In western Europe during the Renaissance, Virgil was more widely read than Homer and Homer was often seen through a Virgilian lens.[24] In 1664, contradicting the widespread praise of Homer as the epitome of wisdom, François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac wrote a scathing attack on the Homeric poems, declaring that they were incoherent, immoral, tasteless, and without style, that Homer never existed, and that the poems were hastily cobbled together by incompetent editors from unrelated oral songs.[20] Fifty years later, the English scholar Richard Bentley concluded that Homer did exist, but that he was an obscure, prehistoric oral poet whose compositions bear little relation to the Iliad and the Odyssey as they have been passed down.[20] According to Bentley, Homer "wrote a Sequel of Songs and Rhapsodies, to be sung by himself for small Earnings and good Cheer at Festivals and other Days of Merriment; the Ilias he wrote for men, and the Odysseis for the other Sex. These loose songs were not collected together in the Form of an epic Poem till Pisistratus' time, about 500 Years after."[20]

title: Homer's Ithaca

text: The central character of the ancient allegory, Odyssey, Odysseus, was believed to be a fictional character. Yet many claim that the Homeric hero was the King of Ithaki, and the detailed geographic descriptions, and places, in the epic have renewed faith and integrity in the authenticity of the history, and that Homer's characters did exist at the locations detailed.

title: Cyclic Poets

text: Cyclic Poets is a shorthand term for the early Greek epic poets, approximate contemporaries of Homer. We know no more about these poets than we know about Homer, but modern scholars regard them as having composed orally, as did Homer. In the classical period, surviving early epic poems were ascribed to these authors, just as the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" were ascribed to Homer. Together with Homer, whose "Iliad" covers a mere 50 days of the war, they cover the complete war "cycle", thus the name. Most modern scholars place Homer in the 8th century BC. The other poets listed below seemed to have lived in the 7th–5th centuries BC. Excluding Homer's, none of the works of the cyclic poets survive.

title: The Human Comedy (novel)

text: The book contains several references to Homer's "Odyssey". Homer is the name of both the author of the "Odyssey" and the main character in this novel. Homer's young brother's name, Ulysses, is the Roman form of the name Odysseus, the protagonist of "Odyssey". The books share the theme of returning home. Ithaca is both Homer's and Ulysses' hometown in the novel and Odysseus' home island in the "Odyssey". Helen Eliot, referring to Helen of Troy, is used as the girl that Homer loves.

title: Cyclops

text: It is estimated that Homer's "Odyssey" was composed sometime in the 50-year period from 725 to 675 BC, and it is thought that it shows the influence of earlier oral poetic traditions of different peoples. In the "Odyssey" the episodes that are placed on the Black Sea, which would include the cyclops story, appear to incorporate parts of the Gilgamesh tradition, as well as the Caucasian myths of a one-eyed monster. There are striking parallels between Homer's story and the Caucasian stories of Urzmaeg, where the hero outwits a one-eyed giant, and blinds him with a torch. It is thought that the Caucasian myths probably came to the Greeks through the epic Anatolian song tradition.

title: Homeric Question

text: Further controversy surrounds the difference in composition dates between the "Iliad" and "Odyssey". It seems that the latter was composed at a later date than the former because the works' differing characterizations of the Phoenicians align with differing Greek popular opinion of the Phoenicians between the 8th and 7th centuries BC, when their skills began to hurt Greek commerce. Whereas Homer's description of Achilles's shield in the "Iliad" exhibits minutely detailed metalwork that characterized Phoenician crafts, they are characterized in the "Odyssey" as "manifold scurvy tricksters".

title: Homeric Question

text: The main subtopics of the Homeric Question are:To these questions the possibilities of modern textual criticism and archaeological answers have added a few more:Following the seminal work of Milman Parry, most classicists agree that, whether or not there was ever such a composer as Homer, the poems attributed to him are to some degree dependent on oral tradition, a generations-old technique that was the collective inheritance of many singer-poets (or , "aōidoi"). An analysis of the structure and vocabulary of the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" shows that the poems contain many regular and repeated phrases; indeed, even entire verses are repeated. Thus according to the theory, the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" may have been products of oral-formulaic composition, composed on the spot by the poet using a collection of memorized traditional verses and phases. Milman Parry and Albert Lord have pointed out that such elaborate oral tradition, foreign to today's literate cultures, is typical of epic poetry in an exclusively oral culture. The crucial words here are "oral" and "traditional". Parry starts with the former: the repetitive chunks of language, he says, were inherited by the singer-poet from his predecessors, and were useful to him in composition. Parry calls these chunks of repetitive language "formulas".

title: Lipogram

text: The late antiquity Greek poets Nestor of Laranda and Tryphiodorus wrote lipogrammatic adaptations of the Homeric poems: Nestor composed an "Iliad", which was followed by Tryphiodorus' "Odyssey". Both Nestor's Iliad and Tryphidorous' Odyssey were composed of 24 books (like the original Iliad and Odyssey) each book omitting a subsequent letter of the Greek alphabet. Therefore, the first book omitted alpha, the second beta, and so forth.

title: Homer

text: Augustus Taber Murray (1866–1940) Homer: Iliad, 2 vols., revised by William F. Wyatt, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press (1999). Homer: Odyssey, 2 vols., revised by George E. Dimock, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press (1995). Robert Fitzgerald (1910–1985) The Iliad, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (2004) ISBN0-374-52905-1 The Odyssey, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (1998) ISBN0-374-52574-9 Robert Fagles (1933–2008) The Iliad, Penguin Classics (1998) ISBN0-14-027536-3 The Odyssey, Penguin Classics (1999) ISBN0-14-026886-3 Stanley Lombardo (b. 1943) Iliad, Hackett Publishing Company (1997) ISBN0-87220-352-2 Odyssey, Hackett Publishing Company (2000) ISBN0-87220-484-7 Iliad, (Audiobook) Parmenides (2006) ISBN1-930972-08-3 Odyssey, (Audiobook) Parmenides (2006) ISBN1-930972-06-7 The Essential Homer, (Audiobook) Parmenides (2006) ISBN1-930972-12-1 The Essential Iliad, (Audiobook) Parmenides (2006) ISBN1-930972-10-5 Barry B. Powell (b. 1942) "Iliad", Oxford University Press (2013) ISBN978-0-19-932610-5 "Odyssey", Oxford University PressI (2014) ISBN978-0-19-936031-4 "Homer's Iliad and Odyssey: The Essential Books", Oxford University Press (2014) ISBN978-0-19-939407-4 Samuel Butler (1835–1902) The Iliad, Red and Black Publishers (2008) ISBN978-1-934941-04-1 The Odyssey, Red and Black Publishers (2008) ISBN978-1-934941-05-8 Herbert Jordan (b. 1938) Iliad, University of Oklahoma Press (2008) ISBN978-0-8061-3974-6 (soft cover) Emily Wilson (b. 1971) The Odyssey, W.W. Norton & Company (2017) ISBN978-0-393-08905-9 Rodney Merrill The Iliad, University of Michigan Press (2007) ISBN978-0-472-11617-1 The Odyssey, University of Michigan Press (2002) ISBN978-0-472-11231-9 Jerome Whitcroft Odyssey of Homer, Zeus Press (2018) ISBN978-1-790-72563-2

title: Argonautica

text: The "Argonautica" is modelled on Homer's poetry to a profound extent. There are of course similarities in plots. The return journey in Book 4, for example, has many parallels in the Odyssey – Scylla, Charybdis, the Sirens and Circe are hazards that Odysseus also negotiates. The "Argonautica" is notable too for the high number of verses and phrases imitating Homer, and for the way it reproduces linguistic peculiarities of old epic, in syntax, metre, vocabulary and grammar. Apollonius in fact is the most Homeric of all the poets whose work has come down to us from the Hellenistic age, when Homeric scholarship flourished and almost all poets responded to Homer's influence, including Callimachus. Homeric echoes in "Argonautica" are quite deliberate and are not slavish imitation. When Jason first meets Hypsipyle in Book 1, he wears a cloak made for him by Athena, embroidered with various scenes alluding to tragic women that Homer's Odysseus met in Hades ("Odyssey" 11.225–380). This Homeric echo has ominous connotations, prefiguring Jason's betrayal of Hypsipyle and Medea.

title: Homer

text: Friedrich August Wolf's Prolegomena ad Homerum, published in 1795, argued that much of the material later incorporated into the Iliad and the Odyssey was originally composed in the tenth century BC in the form of short, separate oral songs,[25][26][20] which passed through oral tradition for roughly four hundred years before being assembled into prototypical versions of the Iliad and the Odyssey the sixth century BC by literate authors.[25][26][20] After being written down, Wolf maintained that the two poems were extensively edited, modernized, and eventually shaped into their present state as artistic unities.[25][26][20] Wolf and the "Analyst" school, which led the field in the nineteenth century, sought to recover the original, authentic poems which were thought to be concealed by later excrescences.[25][26][20][27] Within the Analyst school were two camps: proponents of the "lay theory," which held that the Iliad and the Odyssey were put together from a large number of short, independent songs,[20] and proponents of the "nucleus theory", which held that Homer had originally composed shorter versions of the Iliad and the Odyssey, which later poets expanded and revised.[20] A small group of scholars opposed to the Analysts, dubbed "Unitarians", saw the later additions as superior, the work of a single inspired poet.[25][26][20] By around 1830, the central preoccupations of Homeric scholars, dealing with whether or not "Homer" actually existed, when and how the Homeric poems originated, how they were transmitted, when and how they were finally written down, and their overall unity, had been dubbed "the Homeric Question".[20]

title: Ulysses (novel)

text: Joyce divides "Ulysses" into 18 episodes that "roughly correspond to the episodes in Homer's "Odyssey"". Homer's "Odyssey" is divided into 24 books (sections).

title: Dennis MacDonald

text: In one of MacDonald's first books, "Christianizing Homer: The Odyssey, Plato, and the Acts of Andrew," he posited the theory that the non-canonical "Acts of Andrew" was a Christian retelling of Homer's "Iliad". In it he argued that one could detect trends that showed parallels between the Homeric epic and the "Acts of Andrew". He argued that the "Acts of Andrew" is better understood in light of the "Odyssey". That the order of events in the Acts follows those found in the Acts of Andrew, that certain events in the Acts are better understood when understood in context of the Homeric epics, and that the Homeric texts commonly were available during the first century AD. In subsequent works, MacDonald expanded his hypothesis to include the Acts of the Apostles and the Gospel of Mark as being Christian variations of the Homeric epics.

title: Klaus Bruengel

text:
Klaus Bruengel (born in October 1949 in Holzwickede) is a German Composer and bass player.
Noteworthy are his 46 musical representations of the characters and places in Homer's epic Odyssey, summarized in the Odyssey Suite 2014 he composed the Ballet Suite "In Monets Garden"

title: Cyclops (play)

text: "Cyclops" is a comical burlesque-like play on a story that occurs in book nine of Homer's "Odyssey". In several elements it is faithful to Homer's tale: The shipwreck, the goatskin of Maron's wine, the blinding of the monocular giant, and the pun on the word "Nobody", all occur in Euripides' play and also in Homer's "Odyssey".

title: Giants (Greek mythology)

text: There are three brief references to the "Gigantes" in Homer's "Odyssey", though it's not entirely clear that Homer and Hesiod understood the term to mean the same thing. Homer has Giants among the ancestors of the Phaiakians, a race of men encountered by Odysseus, their ruler Alcinous being the son of Nausithous, who was the son of Poseidon and Periboea, the daughter of the Giant king Eurymedon. Elsewhere in the "Odyssey", Alcinous says that the Phaiakians, like the Cyclopes and the Giants, are "near kin" to the gods. Odysseus describes the Laestrygonians (another race encountered by Odysseus in his travels) as more like Giants than men. Pausanias, the 2nd century AD geographer, read these lines of the "Odyssey" to mean that, for Homer, the Giants were a race of mortal men.

title: Catalogue of Ships

text: In the debate since antiquity over the Catalogue of Ships, the core questions have concerned the extent of historical credibility of the account, whether it was composed by Homer himself, to what extent it reflects a pre-Homeric document or memorized tradition, surviving perhaps in part from Mycenaean times, or whether it is a result of post-Homeric development. Dörpfeld notes that while in "Odyssey" Odysseus's kingdom includes Ithaca, Same, Dulichium, and Zacynthus, the Catalogue of Ships contains a different list of islands, again Ithaca, Same, and Zacynthus but now also Neritum, Krocylea, and Aegilips. The separate debate over the identity of Homer and the authorship of the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey" is conventionally termed "the Homeric Question".

title: Homer's Ithaca

text: Ithaca (; Greek: Ιθάκη, "Ithakē" ]) was, in Greek history, the island home of the hero Odysseus (Odyssey). The specific location of the island, as it was described in Homer's "Odyssey", is a matter for debate. There have been various theories about its location, although modern Ithaca (Ithaki) is generally accepted to be Homer's island by most scholars.

title: Homeric simile

text: Homeric simile, also called an epic simile, is a detailed comparison in the form of a simile that are many lines in length. The word "Homeric", is based on the Greek author, Homer, who composed the two famous Greek epics, the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey". Many authors continue to use this type of simile in their writings although it is usually found in classics.

title: Homeric Question

text: Some ancient scholars believed Homer to have been an eyewitness to the Trojan War; others thought he had lived up to 500 years afterwards. Contemporary scholars continue to debate the date of the poems. A long history of oral transmission lies behind the composition of the poems, complicating the search for a precise date. At one extreme, Richard Janko has proposed a date for both poems to the eighth century BC based on linguistic analysis and statistics. Barry B. Powell dates the composition of the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey" to sometime between 800 and 750 BC, based on the statement from Herodotus, who lived in the late fifth century BC, that Homer lived four hundred years before his own time "and not more" (καὶ οὐ πλέοσι), and on the fact that the poems do not mention hoplite battle tactics, inhumation, or literacy. At the other extreme, scholars such as Gregory Nagy see "Homer" as a continually evolving tradition, which grew much more stable as the tradition progressed, but which did not fully cease to continue changing and evolving until as late as the middle of the second century BC. Martin Litchfield West has argued that the "Iliad" echoes the poetry of Hesiod, and that it must have been composed around 660-650 BC at the earliest, with the "Odyssey" up to a generation later. He also interprets passages in the "Iliad" as showing knowledge of historical events that occurred in the ancient Near East during the middle of the seventh century BC, including the destruction of Babylon by Sennacherib in 689 BC and the Sack of Thebes by Ashurbanipal in 663/4 BC.

title: Homeric Question

text: The modern debate began with the "Prolegomena" of Friedrich August Wolf (1795). According to Wolf, the date of writing is among the first questions in the textual criticism of Homer. Having satisfied himself that writing was unknown to Homer, Wolf considers the real mode of transmission, which he purports to find in the Rhapsodists, of whom the Homeridae were an hereditary school. Wolf reached the conclusion that the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" could not have been composed in the form in which we know them without the aid of writing. They must therefore have been, as Bentley has said, a sequel of songs and rhapsodies, loose songs not collected together in the form of an epic poem until about 500 years after their original composition. This conclusion Wolf supports by the character attributed to the Cyclic poems (whose want of unity showed that the structure of the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" must be the work of a later time), by one or two indications of imperfect connection, and by the doubts of ancient critics as to the authenticity of certain parts.

title: Epic Cycle

text: The Epic Cycle (, "Epikos Kyklos") was a collection of Ancient Greek epic poems, composed in dactylic hexameter and related to the story of the Trojan War, including the "Cypria", the "Aethiopis", the so-called "Little Iliad", the "Iliupersis", the "Nostoi", and the "Telegony". Scholars sometimes include the two Homeric epics, the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey", among the poems of the Epic Cycle, but the term is more often used to specify the non-Homeric poems as distinct from the Homeric ones.

title: Odyssey

text: The Odyssey (; "Odýsseia", in Classical Attic) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is, in part, a sequel to the "Iliad", the other work ascribed to Homer. The "Odyssey" is fundamental to the modern Western canon; it is the second-oldest extant work of Western literature, while the "Iliad" is the oldest. Scholars believe the "Odyssey" was composed near the end of the 8th century BC, somewhere in Ionia, the Greek coastal region of Anatolia.

title: Homer

text: The Homeric epics are written in an artificial literary language or 'Kunstsprache' only used in epic hexameter poetry. Homeric Greek shows features of multiple regional Greek dialects and periods, but is fundamentally based on Ionic Greek, in keeping with the tradition that Homer was from Ionia. Linguistic analysis suggests that the Iliad was composed slightly before the Odyssey, and that Homeric formulae preserve older features than other parts of the poems.[54][55]

title: Homeric scholarship

text: 19th-century Analysts argued that the epics were composed by many hands, a hodge-podge of interpolations and incompetent editing that concealed the original genius of Homer, or at the very least that the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" were composed by different poets. In this they followed in the steps of ancient scholars like Zoilos and the so-called "separatists" (χωρίζοντες "chōrizontes", the best known of whom, Xenon and Hellanicus, are nonetheless very obscure figures).

title: Planctae

text: In the "Odyssey" of Homer, the sorceress Circe tells Odysseus of the "Wandering Rocks" or "Roving Rocks" that have only been successfully passed by the "Argo" when "homeward" bound. These rocks smash ships and the remaining timbers are scattered by the sea or destroyed by flames. The rocks lie on one of two potential routes to Ithaca; the alternative, which is taken by Odysseus, leads to Scylla and Charybdis. Furthermore, in the "Odyssey" of Homer, it was Hera, for her love of Jason, who sped the Argo through the Symplegades safely.

title: Rediscovering Homer

text: The idea is not new. Eustathius of Thessalonica recounted an ancient fiction in which both epics were composed by an Egyptian priestess, Phantasia; Samuel Butler, in "The Authoress of the Odyssey", attributed the "Odyssey" to a Sicilian woman between 1150 and 1050 BC; and Robert Graves in his novel "Homer's Daughter" made a similar proposal.

title: Bride price

text: Some of the marriage settlements mentioned in the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" suggest that bride price was a custom of Homeric society. The language used for various marriage transactions, however, may blur distinctions between bride price and dowry, and a third practice called "indirect dowry," whereby the groom hands over property to the bride which is then used to establish the new household. "Homeric society" is a fictional construct involving legendary figures and deities, though drawing on the historical customs of various times and places in the Greek world. At the time when the Homeric epics were composed, "primitive" practices such as bride price and polygamy were no longer part of Greek society. Mentions of them preserve, if they have a historical basis at all, customs dating from the Age of Migrations (c. 1200–1000 BCE) and the two centuries following.


query: Who is the minority head of the Senate?

title: Party leaders of the United States Senate

text: The current leaders are Senators Mitch McConnell (R) from Kentucky and Chuck Schumer (D) from New York. The current Assistant Leaders/Whips are Senators John Thune (R) from South Dakota and Dick Durbin (D) from Illinois.

title: Tony Fas Alzamora

text: He was reelected in 2004 as Senator at-large, but his party's delegation size dropped from 18 to 9, becoming the principal minority party in the Senate. He relinquished the delegation's leadership to Senator José Luis Dalmau, who now serves as Minority Leader after having served as Fas' Majority Leader.

title: 2018 Illinois Senate election

text: Republican John Curran took office in July 2017 after accepting an appointment to replace Senate Minority Leader Christine Radogno who resigned July 1, 2017. The 41st district includes all or parts of Lemont, Indian Head Park, LaGrange, Western Springs, Homer Glen, Burr Ridge, Darien, Downers Grove, Lisle, Willowbrook, Woodridge, Naperville, and Bolingbrook. On November 27, 2017, Curran filed to run for election to his Senate seat. The Democratic candidate is Bridget Fitzgerald, the Village Clerk of Western Springs.

title: Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines

text: The Minority Floor Leader of the Senate, also called as the Senate Minority Floor Leader, is the leader elected by the minority political grouping of the Senate of the Philippines to serve as their official leader in the body and fulfill the responsibilities of a Floor Leader. He manages the business of the minority in the Senate. He is expected to defend the minority’s parliamentary rights, to criticize the policies and programs of the majority, and to use parliamentary tactics to defeat, pass, or amend legislation.

text: The table below lists the Nigerian Senators of the 8th National Assembly. The Senate includes three senators from each of the 36 states, plus one senator for the Federal Capital Territory. The current Senate President is Sen. Bukola Saraki of the All Progressives Congress and the current Deputy Senate President is Ike Ekweremadu. The Senate President and his Deputy are also assisted by the Principal Officers including the Majority Leader, Deputy Majority Leader, Minority Leader, Deputy Minority Leader, Chief Whip, Deputy Chief Whip, Minority Whip and Deputy Minority Whip.

title: 2019 Philippine Senate election

text: On February 27, 2018, Senator Manny Pacquiao, a key administration ally, moved to remove from key positions LP senators Franklin Drilon, Francis Pangilinan and Bam Aquino and opposition-allied Risa Hontiveros (Akbayan). Drilon was removed as Senate President Pro-Tempore, Pangilinan was relieved as agriculture committee chairman, and Aquino was sacked as education committee chairman. Hontiveros was also removed as health committee head. The revamp prompted the LP senators to shift to the minority bloc. De Lima later joined them. Senator Ralph Recto, who used to be the Senate Minority Leader, was elected to replace Drilon as Senate President Pro-Tempore.

title: 2010 New York state elections

text: Republicans, who were a 29–32 minority prior to the election, made a net gain of two seats in the election to claim a 32–30 majority headed into the January 2011 legislative session. One Republican Senate incumbent, Senator Frank Padavan of Queens, was defeated on November 2, while four Democratic incumbents (Sens. Brian Foley, Antoine Thompson, Darrel Aubertine, and Craig Johnson) were likewise defeated in the general election. Democratic candidate David Carlucci was elected to an open seat in Senate District 38 which had previously been held by the late Republican Senator Thomas Morahan. After defeating incumbent William Stachowski in a Democratic primary, Timothy M. Kennedy prevailed in the general election in Senate District 58. Control of the state senate was not confirmed until Johnson, who sought a full hand recount of his race, exhausted his final appeal on December 20, 2010.

title: 2018–19 Ottawa Senators season

text: The Belleville Senators head coaching vacancy was filled in June when the Senators announced the hiring of Troy Mann, a veteran of ten seasons in the North American minor leagues.

title: Assistant party leaders of the Senate of Puerto Rico

text: The Assistant Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate of Puerto Rico (commonly called Majority Whip and Minority Whip) are two Puerto Rican Senators who are elected by the party conferences that hold the majority and the minority respectively. These leaders substitute the Majority and Minority leaders in their absence.

title: Anthony Nanula

text: While serving in the Senate, he served as the Assistant Minority Leader for Policy and Administration, as Ranking Minority Member of the Senate Insurance Committee, as Ranking Minority Member of the Senate Civil Service and Pensions Committee, and as Ranking Minority Member of the Senate Tourism, Recreation and Sports Development Committee. He is the second freshman senator to be appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and he was a member of the Senate Rules Committee.

title: Minor Council

text: The Minor Council, together with the Doge and the three heads of the Criminal Forty (or heads of the Council of the Criminal Forty, who were in charge of voting on many issues and had the possibility to replace an absent ducal counselor), formed the Venetian Signoria (until 1423, Commune Veneciarum), the supreme executive body of the republic, set to preside over the Senate, the Great Council and the Council of Ten. In these meetings, proposals for debate were made in accordance with the Elders.

title: Manuel Manahan

text: As senator, he headed the Senate Committee on Banks, Corporations and Franchises, as well as the Senate committees for scientific management, national defense and security, cultural minorities, and provincial and municipal governments and cities. He also served as a member of the Commission on Appointments. Manahan also worked on the decentralization bill together with longtime ally Manglapus, who was also elected as Senator in the same year.

title: List of visible minority politicians in Canada

text: There have been 111 visible minorities who have served as Members of Parliament, as well as 23 who have been named Senators. After the 2015 Canadian election, the highest number of visible minorities were elected to Parliament in history - with 49 MPs (14.5% of the House of Commons). Of the current federal visible minority politicians, 41 are Liberals (39 MPs, 2 Senators), 13 are Conservatives (8 MPs, 5 Senators), 2 are New Democrats (2 MPs, 0 Senators) and 8 are Independents (1 MP, 7 Senators).

title: Floor leader

text: In the Senate's two-party system, the floor leaders are the spokespeople from both major parties, elected by their parties. As well serve essentially as executives of their parties within the Senate. The Floor Leaders are referred to as the Senate Majority Leader, who belongs to the party with the most Senators, and the Senate Minority Leader, who belongs to the other major party.

title: Floor leaders of the Senate of the Philippines

text: The minority group chooses from among themselves the Minority leader who is considered as the titular head of the minority in the Senate and often called as the "shadow president."

title: Chris Dodd

text: During the 1994 elections, the Republicans won the majority in both houses of Congress. Dodd therefore entered the minority for the second time in his Senate career. He ran for the now vacant position of Senate Minority Leader, but was defeated by South Dakota Senator Tom Daschle by one vote. The vote was tied 23–23, and it was Colorado Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell who cast the deciding vote by absentee ballot in favor of Daschle.

title: Chuck Schumer

text: Schumer was chairman of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee from 2005 to 2009, during which time he oversaw 14 Democratic gains in the Senate in the 2006 and 2008 elections. He was the third-ranking Democrat in the Senate, behind Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid and Minority Whip Dick Durbin. He was elected Vice Chairman of the Democratic Caucus in the Senate in 2006. In November 2010, he was also chosen to hold the additional role of chairman of the Senate Democratic Policy Committee. Schumer won his fourth term in the Senate in 2016 and was then unanimously elected Minority Leader to succeed Harry Reid, who was retiring.

text: The current Minority Floor Leader of the Senate is Franklin Drilon who was elected on February 28, 2017 following his ouster and replacement by Ralph Recto as the Senate President pro tempore on February 27, 2017.

title: Senate of the Philippines

text: In the Senate, the officers are the Senate President, Senate President "pro tempore", Majority Floor Leader, Minority Floor Leader and the Senate Secretary and the Senate Sergeant at Arms who shall be elected by the Senators from among the employees and staff of the Senate. Meanwhile, the Senate President, Senate President pro-tempore, the Majority Floor Leader and the Minority Floor Leader shall be elected by the Senators from among themselves.

title: Palos Park, Illinois

text: In Palos Park the IL House District 82 is west of Bell Rd., i.e. in Lemont Township. It includes Holy Family Villa, the Bishop Lyne Residence, and the St. Francis of Assisi Residence. This district includes parts of Homer Glen, Lemont, Willowbrook, Burr Ridge, Indian Head Park, and LaGrange. It is represented by Jim Durkin from Western Springs, who ran for U.S. Senate against Dick Durbin in 2002. The same area is represented in the IL Senate’s District 41 by Illinois Senate Minority Leader Christine Radogno who is from Lemont.

title: Utah State Legislature

text: The Utah Senate elects a President of the Senate and the Utah House elects a Speaker, and each political party caucus in both houses elects party leadership including a majority leader, majority whip and assistant majority whip by the caucus with the most members in that house. The minority party caucus elects a minority leader, minority whip, assistant minority whip and includes one additional leadership position of minority caucus manager to offset the Speaker of the House and President of the Senate who are traditionally members of the majority caucus yet are elected by the entire membership of their respective bodies.

title: James A. Pindar

text: He became a candidate for the New Jersey State Senate in 1977, running in a contested Republican Primary on a line headed by gubernatorial candidate Thomas Kean, the Assembly Minority Leader. He won the nomination by just 207 votes, 1,482 (42.04%) to 1,275 (36.17%) against Joan Lacey Mazauskas, who ran on a ticket headed by gubernatorial candidate Raymond Bateman. A third candidate, Rocco M. Clarizio, received 768 votes (21.79%); Clarizio was allied with another candidate for governor, former State Senator C. Robert Sarcone. Pindar lost the general election to the incumbent Democratic senator, Martin L. Greenberg, 16,986 (57.80%) to 11,399 (38.79%), with former Democratic State Senator Nicholas Fernicola, running as an independent, receiving 770 votes(2.62%).

title: Michigan Senate

text: The Michigan Senate is headed by the Lieutenant Governor of Michigan, who serves as President of the Senate but may only cast a vote in the instance of a tie. The presiding officers of the Senate, apart from the President, are elected by the body at its first Session and serve until their term of office is up. Majority and Minority party officers are elected at the same time by their respective caucuses.

title: 2019 Philippine Senate election

text: Koko Pimentel, Duterte's party-mate, was elected as President of the Senate in July 2016 by a large majority, while a handful of Liberal Party senators comprised the minority; they were later joined by other Liberal Party members who had earlier voted for Pimentel, forming a six-person minority bloc in the Senate.

title: Party leaders of the Senate of Puerto Rico

text: The Senate of Puerto Rico Majority and Minority Leaders are Puerto Rican Senators who are elected by the party conferences that hold the majority and the minorities respectively. These leaders serve as the chief Senate spokespeople for their parties and manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. By rule, the Presiding Officer gives the Majority Leader priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate. The Majority Leader customarily serves as the chief representative of his or her party in Senate.

title: List of Ottawa Senators head coaches

text: The modern Senators' first head coach was Rick Bowness. Bowness was a former NHL head coach for the Boston Bruins. Bowness coached for four seasons until November 1996, when he was fired by then-GM Randy Sexton, let go in a dispute over the playing time of Alexandre Daigle, who was not playing well. Bowness' successor, Dave Allison, the then-coach of the Senators' farm team the Prince Edward Island Senators of the American Hockey League (AHL) had no success with Ottawa. The club won only two of 25 games during his tenure. The club, in turmoil at the time, replaced GM Sexton with Pierre Gauthier, who fired Allison. Allison is the only person to have each spent his entire NHL head coaching career with the Senators.

title: Oklahoma Senate

text: The Lieutenant Governor serves as President of the Oklahoma Senate, but only casts a vote in the case of a tie and presides less frequently since the 1960s. The President Pro Tempore is the one who serves as leader of the Senate and is the head of the majority party. The President Pro Tempore appoints the majority floor leader and the chair of the appropriations committee. Along with the elected officers of the majority caucus (caucus chair, caucus vice chair, three assistant majority leaders and four majority whips), they comprise the leadership of the Senate majority caucus. The leader of the minority caucus is called either the Republican Leader or Democratic Leader, depending on which party is in the minority. Along with the elected officers of the minority party (assistant leaders, assistant whips and the caucus chair and vice chair), they comprise the Senate minority leadership team.

title: Craig L. Thomas

text: Thomas' services were held in the Methodist Church in Casper on June 9, 2007. The two Senate leaders, Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV), and Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY), headed a delegation of some twenty members of Congress who came to pay respects to the deceased senator. Senator Thomas' burial was in Riverside Cemetery in Cody on June 10.

title: List of current members of the Iowa Senate

text: The Iowa Senate is the upper house of the Iowa General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. state of Iowa. One State Senator is elected from each of the state's 50 electoral districts, with each Senate district containing two House of Representatives districts. The 2019-21 term is part of the 88th General Assembly. , 18 of those seats are held by Democrats and 32 by Republicans. The presiding officer is the President of the Senate, who is chosen by the majority party and elected by the Senate. In addition, senators elect a President Pro Tempore, chosen in the same manner as the President, and the respective party caucuses elect a majority and minority leader, a majority and minority whip, and assistant party leaders.

title: Senate of Nigeria

text: The President of the Senate is the presiding officer of the Senate, whose chief function is to guide and regulate the proceedings in the Senate. The Senate President is third in the Nigerian presidential line of succession. He is assisted by the Deputy President of the Senate. The current Senate President is Sen. Bukola Saraki and the current Deputy Senate President is Ike Ekweremadu both of the People's Democratic Party. The Senate President and his Deputy are also assisted by principal officers including the Majority Leader, Deputy Majority Leader, Minority Leader, Deputy Minority Leader, Chief Whip, Deputy Chief Whip, Minority Whip, and Deputy Minority Whip. In addition, there are 63 Standing Committees in the Senate chaired by Committee Chairmen.

title: Senate of Puerto Rico

text: Whenever the elected members of the minority constitute less than nine members, the Constitution provides for the certification of additional "add-on" minority Senators, who will serve in an at-large capacity. Such was the case after the 2004 elections, when four defeated Popular Democratic Party (PPD) Senate candidates, one at-large, and three district candidates, were added on as at-large Senators, joining the five PPD Senators who had achieved election in their own right. This constitutional guarantee of a minimum legislative minority representation is unique to Puerto Rico among all legislatures under the American flag, incorporating an element of proportionality usually found only in proportional representation bodies.


query: When was the Super Nintendo Entertainment System first introduced?

title: Super Nintendo Entertainment System

text: The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES),[lower-alpha 2] also known as the Super NES[lower-alpha 3] or Super Nintendo,[lower-alpha 4] is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 1993 in South America. In Japan, the system is called the Super Famicom (SFC).[lower-alpha 5] In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy[lower-alpha 6] and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics. The system was released in Brazil on August 30, 1993,[14] by Playtronic. Although each version is essentially the same, several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another.

text: The list of Super Nintendo Entertainment System accessories encompasses first- and third-party hardware in the 1990s.

title: Nintendo Entertainment System

text: In October 1993, Nintendo redesigned the NES to follow many of the same design cues as the newly introduced Super Nintendo Entertainment System and the Japanese Super Famicom. Like the SNES, the NES-101 model loaded cartridges through a covered slot on top of the unit replacing the complicated mechanism of the earlier design. For this reason the NES-101 is known informally as the "top-loader" among Nintendo fans.

title: List of best-selling Super Nintendo Entertainment System video games

text:
The best-selling video game of all-time on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) console, known as the Super Famicom (SFC) in Japan, is "Super Mario World". First released in Japan on November 21, 1990, it went on to sell over 20 million units worldwide. The second "Super Mario" game on the SNES, "Super Mario All-Stars" (which features enhanced remakes of the four "Super Mario" games originally released for the Nintendo Entertainment System), is the platform's second best-selling game, with sales in excess of 10.5 million copies. Rare's "Donkey Kong Country" is the third best-selling game on the SNES, while its two follow-ups are also in the top ten., then followed by Super Mario Kart, released in 1992 after Super Mario World, the fourth best selling SNES game of all time.
A total of 48 SNES/Super Famicom games have sold over a million units. Of those, twelve were developed by internal Nintendo development divisions. Aside from these, the developers with the most million-selling games are Capcom and Square, with nine games each in the list of 48. Nintendo published 20 of these 48 games. Other publishers with multiple million-selling titles include Capcom (nine titles), Square (eight titles), Enix (four titles) and Acclaim Entertainment (three titles). The most popular franchises on SNES include "Super Mario" (46.18 million combined units), "Donkey Kong" (17.96 million combined units) and "Street Fighter" (12.4 million combined units).

title: Super NES Emulator SE

text: The Super NES Emulator SE was a Nintendo-sponsored game development system for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It was designed by Intelligent Systems, and sold only to licensed Nintendo development houses.

title: Super Nintendo Entertainment System

text: List of Super Nintendo Entertainment System accessories Nintendo Selects

title: Super International Cricket

text: Super International Cricket is a cricket video game released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that was released in Australia, Europe and India in 1994. It is a sequel to "International Cricket" on the original Nintendo Entertainment System. The developing staff was Melbourne House (as Beam Software); Nintendo was in charge of publishing the game.

title: Nintendo video game consoles

text: Although the company had earlier released Color TV Game and Game & Watch, which were their first and second systems respectfully, they did not achieve worldwide success until the release of the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1983. The NES restarted the video game industry after the video game crash of 1983, and was an international success. In 1989, Nintendo released the Game Boy, which became the first handheld console to sell in large numbers. In the early 1990s, Nintendo's market lead began to decrease; although the 1990 Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) was a strong seller, the Mega Drive/Genesis was a very strong contender. Nintendo and Sega would both lose a significant portion of the console market towards the end of the 1990s, as Sony Computer Entertainment's PlayStation became the most popular console, beating the Nintendo 64, though Nintendo managed to sell more than Sega Saturn.

title: History of the Nintendo Entertainment System

text: Nintendo's 8-bit video game console, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), known in Japan as the or , was introduced after the video game crash of 1983 in North America. It enjoyed a long lifespan and dominated the North American video game market during the late 80's. Facing obsolescence in 1989 with the advent of 16-bit consoles, it was later supplanted by its successor, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, but support and production continued until 1995. After its discontinuation, interest in the NES has since been renewed by collectors and emulators, including Nintendo's own Virtual Console platform.

title: Super Nintendo Entertainment System

text: The SNES is Nintendo's second programmable home console, following the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). The console introduced advanced graphics and sound capabilities compared with other systems at the time. The development of a variety of enhancement chips integrated in game cartridges helped to keep it competitive in the marketplace.

title: Shigeru Miyamoto

text: Miyamoto produced two major "Mario" titles for the system. The first, "Super Mario World", was a launch title and was bundled with Super Nintendo Entertainment System consoles. It featured an overworld as in "Super Mario Bros." but introduced a new character, Yoshi, who would go on to appear in various other Nintendo games. The second "Mario" game for the system, "Super Mario RPG", went in a somewhat different direction. Miyamoto led a team consisting of a partnership between Nintendo and Square Co.; it took nearly a year to develop the graphics. The story takes place in a newly rendered Mushroom Kingdom based on the "Super Mario Bros." series.

title: Super 3D Noah's Ark

text: Super 3D Noah's Ark is a Christian-themed video game for MS-DOS and unofficially on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It was developed by the biblical video game producer Wisdom Tree and released in 1994. It was the only commercially released SNES game in the U.S. that was not officially sanctioned by Nintendo. Despite its name, it is unrelated to Konami's official "Noah's Ark" for the Nintendo Entertainment System.

text: In the late 80s, Nintendo's dominance was threatened by newer, technologically superior consoles. 1987, NEC and Hudson Soft released the PC Engine, and a year later, Sega released the 16 bit Mega Drive. Both were introduced in North America in 1989, where they were respectively marketed as the "TurboGrafx-16" and the "Genesis." Facing new competition from the PC Engine in Japan, and the Genesis in North America, Nintendo's market share began to erode. Nintendo responded in the form of the Super Famicom ("Super Nintendo Entertainment System" in North America and Europe), the Famicom's 16-bit successor, in 1990. Although Nintendo announced their intention to continue to support the Famicom alongside their newer console, the success of the newer offering began to draw even more gamers and developers from the original NES, whose decline accelerated. However, Nintendo did continue support of the NES for about three years after the September 1991 release of the Super NES, with the NES's final first-party games being "" and "Wario's Woods".

title: Nintendo Puzzle Collection

text: was originally released on the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Famicom, and Game Boy consoles in 1992.

title: Super Mario All-Stars

text: Super Mario All-Stars is a 1993 compilation of "Super Mario" platform video games developed and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. The game contains enhanced remakes of the four "Super Mario" games released for the Nintendo Entertainment System: "Super Mario Bros.", "Super Mario Bros. 2", "Super Mario Bros. 3", and "", the last of which was the original Japanese version of "Super Mario Bros. 2" which was not released outside Japan prior to this compilation. The games were restructured to take advantage of the Super NES hardware, featuring updated graphics and sounds and additional save mechanisms.

title: Official Nintendo Magazine

text: Originally published by EMAP as Nintendo Magazine System, the magazine first covered the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy consoles, and was later renamed to Nintendo Magazine, Nintendo Official Magazine then, briefly, Nintendo Official Magazine UK. Under these names, it was published by EMAP for twelve years, before the rights were sold to the publisher, Future plc.

title: Metroid: Zero Mission

text: "Metroid: Zero Mission" was directed by Yoshio Sakamoto, a Nintendo veteran who has been involved with the "Metroid" series since it first appeared on the Nintendo Entertainment System, and has played a role in every "Metroid" game except for "Metroid II". Official positions that he held include director of "Super Metroid" for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and "Metroid Fusion" for the Game Boy Advance, producer of "Metroid Prime" for the Nintendo GameCube, and supervisor of "". Sakamoto is the only member from the "Metroid" development team to also work on "Metroid: Zero Mission". "Metroid: Zero Mission" was the last game developed by Nintendo R&D1 before the team was disbanded due to Nintendo restructuring.

title: Sonifi Solutions

text: Games are offered for three Nintendo platforms, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, the Nintendo 64, and the GameCube, with support for the Nintendo Entertainment System planned.

title: List of WWE video games

text: "WWF WrestleMania" was the first "WrestleMania" theme video game to be released. It was released in 1989 for Nintendo Entertainment System. "WWF WrestleMania Challenge" was released in 1990 and was available for the Nintendo Entertainment System. "WWF WrestleMania" was released in 1991 and was available for Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum, and DOS. "WWF Super WrestleMania" was released in 1992 and was available for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and the Mega Drive/Genesis. "" was released in 1992 for Nintendo Entertainment System and in 1993 for the Sega Master System and the Sega Game Gear handheld console. "WWF WrestleMania 2000" was released in 1999 for the Nintendo 64. WWF Road to WrestleMania was released in 2001 for Game Boy Advance. "WWE WrestleMania X8" was released in 2002 for GameCube. WWE Road to WrestleMania X8 was released in 2002 for Game Boy Advanced. "WWE WrestleMania XIX" was released in 2003 for GameCube. "WWE WrestleMania 21" was released in 2005 for Xbox. "WWE Legends of WrestleMania" was released in 2009 for PlayStation 3, Xbox, and IOS.

title: Retro Duo

text: "Nintendo Entertainment System""Super Nintendo Entertainment System"

title: List of Yoshi video games

text: The series revolves around Yoshi, a green dinosaur-like character. He was first introduced in the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) game released in 1990, "Super Mario World", where Mario and Luigi can ride on him. The antagonists of the series are Baby Bowser, the young king of Koopas, and Kamek, a Magikoopa who was Bowser's caretaker as a child. The first Yoshi game was the Nintendo Entertainment System puzzle game released in 1991, "Yoshi", which was developed by Game Freak. The first game in what is considered the main series, as well as the first to feature Yoshi in a playable main-character role, is the game released in 1995, "", which introduces the universe staples which are used in many following games. These staples include colorful storybook graphics, and several gameplay elements. One of the earlier games in the series, "Yoshi's Safari", differs heavily from the rest, as it is a Light gun shooter game. The latest game in the series is "Poochy and Yoshi's Woolly World", a port of the Wii U game "Yoshi's Woolly World", released in 2017 for the Nintendo 3DS. An upcoming title, "Yoshi's Crafted World" is set to be released for the Nintendo Switch on March 29, 2019.

title: Nintendo Entertainment System

text: The best-selling gaming console of its time, the NES helped revitalize the US video game industry following the North American video game crash of 1983. With the NES, Nintendo introduced a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers, authorizing them to produce and distribute titles for Nintendo's platform. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.

title: Video gaming in Japan

text:
In 1991, "Final Fantasy IV" was one of the first role-playing games to feature a complex, involving plot, placing a much greater emphasis on character development, personal relationships, and dramatic storytelling. It also introduced a new battle system: the "Active Time Battle" system, developed by Hiroyuki Ito, where the time-keeping system does not stop. The fact that enemies can attack or be attacked at any time is credited with injecting urgency and excitement into the combat system. The ATB combat system was considered revolutionary for being a hybrid between turn-based and real-time combat, with its requirement of faster reactions from players appealing to those who were more used to action games.
Nintendo executives were initially reluctant to design a new system, but as the market transitioned to the newer hardware, Nintendo saw the erosion of the commanding market share it had built up with the Nintendo Entertainment System. Nintendo's fourth-generation console, the Super Famicom, was released in Japan on November 21, 1990; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours. Despite stiff competition from the Mega Drive/Genesis console, the Super NES eventually took the top selling position, selling 49.10 million units worldwide, and would remain popular well into the fifth generation of consoles. Nintendo's market position was defined by their machine's increased video and sound capabilities, as well as exclusive first-party franchise titles such as "Super Mario World", "" and "Super Metroid".

title: Shigeru Miyamoto

text: A merger between Nintendo's various internal research and development teams led to the creation of Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development (Nintendo EAD), which Miyamoto headed. Nintendo EAD had approximately fifteen months to develop "F-Zero", one of the launch titles for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Miyamoto worked through various games on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, one of them "Star Fox". For the game, programmer Jez San convinced Nintendo to develop an upgrade for the Super Nintendo, allowing it to handle three-dimensional graphics better: the Super FX chip. Using this new hardware, Miyamoto and Katsuya Eguchi designed the "Star Fox" game with an early implementation of three-dimensional graphics.

title: NES Classic Edition

text:
Nintendo Entertainment System: NES Classic Edition, known as Nintendo Classic Mini: Nintendo Entertainment System in Europe and Australia and in Japan, is a dedicated video game console by Nintendo, which emulates the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). It launched on November 10, 2016 in Australia and Japan, and November 11, 2016 in North America and Europe. Aesthetically, the console is a miniature replica of the NES, and it includes a static library of 30 built-in games from the licensed NES library, supporting save states for all of them.
Nintendo produced and sold about 2.3 million NES Classic Editions from November 2016 through April 2017, with shipments selling out nearly immediately. In April 2017, Nintendo announced they were discontinuing the product, leading to consumer confusion, and incidents of greatly increased pricing among private sellers. Due to the demand of the NES Classic, and the success of the Super NES Classic Edition console, Nintendo re-introduced the NES Classic on June 29, 2018. Production was discontinued again, this time permanently, in December 2018.

title: Shigeru Miyamoto

text:
Miyamoto's games have sold very well, becoming some of the best-selling games on Nintendo consoles and of all time.
Miyamoto's "Mario" series is, by far, the best-selling video game franchise of all time, selling over 400 million units. "Super Mario Bros." is the second best-selling video game of all time. "Super Mario Bros.", "Super Mario Bros. 3", and "Super Mario Bros. 2" were, respectively, the three best-selling games for the Nintendo Entertainment System. Levi Buchanan of IGN considered "Super Mario Bros. 3"s appearance in the film "The Wizard" as a show-stealing element, and referred to the movie as a "90-minute commercial" for the game. "Super Mario World" was the best-selling game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. "Super Mario 64" was the best-selling Nintendo 64 game, and as of May 21, 2003, the game had sold eleven million copies. At the end of 2007, "Guinness World Records" reported sales of 11.8 million copies. As of September 25, 2007, it was the seventh best-selling video game in the United States with six million copies sold. By June 2007, "Super Mario 64" had become the second most popular title on Wii's Virtual Console, behind "Super Mario Bros." "Super Mario Sunshine" was the third best-selling video game for the Nintendo GameCube.
The original game in "The Legend of Zelda" series was the fifth best-selling game for the Nintendo Entertainment System. "The Wind Waker" was the fourth best-selling game for the Nintendo GameCube. "Twilight Princess" experienced commercial success. In the PAL region, which covers most of Asia, Africa, South America, Australia, New Zealand, and most of Western Europe, "Twilight Princess" is the best-selling "Zelda" game ever. During its first week, the game was sold with three out of every four Wii purchases. The game had sold 4.52 million copies on the Wii as of March 1, 2008, and 1.32 million on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007.
The "Mario Kart" series has sold well. "Super Mario Kart" is the third best-selling video game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. "Mario Kart 64" is the second best-selling Nintendo 64 game. "" is the second best selling game for the GameCube, and Mario Kart Wii, which is the second best selling game for the Wii.
Miyamoto produced "Wii Sports", another of the best-selling games of all time and part of the Wii series.

title: Super NES Classic Edition

text: Super Nintendo Entertainment System: Super NES Classic Edition, known as Nintendo Classic Mini: Super Nintendo Entertainment System in Europe and Australia and the in Japan, and also colloquially as the SNES Mini or SNES Classic, is a dedicated video game console by Nintendo, which emulates the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. The console, a successor to the NES Classic Edition, comes with twenty-one Super NES titles pre-installed, including the first official release of "Star Fox 2". It was released in North America and Europe on September 29, 2017.

title: List of Yoshi video games

text: The Yoshi video game series is a franchise of platform games and puzzle games that is a spin-off of the "Mario" series published and produced by the Japanese gaming company Nintendo. The games have been developed by a variety of developers including Nintendo, Game Freak, Intelligent Systems, Artoon, its successor Arzest, and Good-Feel. "Yoshi" games have been released for Nintendo video game consoles and handhelds dating from the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) to the current generation of video game consoles. Some of the original Nintendo Entertainment System and Super Nintendo Entertainment System games have been ported to Game Boy Advance or the Virtual Console (both, in the case of "Super Mario World").

title: Nintendo Entertainment System

text: Video output connections varied from one model of the console to the next. The original HVC-001 model of the Family Computer featured only radio frequency (RF) modulator output. When the console was released in North America and Europe, support for composite video through RCA connectors was added in addition to the RF modulator. The HVC-101 model of the Famicom dropped the RF modulator entirely and adopted composite video output via a proprietary 12-pin "multi-out" connector first introduced for the Super Famicom/Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Conversely, the North American re-released NES-101 model most closely resembled the original HVC-001 model Famicom, in that it featured RF modulator output only. Finally, the PlayChoice-10 utilized an inverted RGB video output.

title: Fourth generation of video game consoles

text: Nintendo executives were initially reluctant to design a new system, but as the market transitioned to the newer hardware, Nintendo saw the erosion of the commanding market share it had built up with the Nintendo Entertainment System. Nintendo's fourth-generation console, the Super Famicom, was released in Japan on November 21, 1990; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours. The machine reached North America as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System on August 23, 1991, and Europe and Australia in April 1992.