query: How do newts breathe?

title: Newt

text: During the subsequent few months, the larvae undergo metamorphosis, during which they develop legs, and the gills are absorbed and replaced by air-breathing lungs.[13] Some species, such as the North American newts, also become more brightly coloured during this phase. Once fully metamorphosised, they leave the water and live a terrestrial life, when they are known as "efts".[14][15] Only when the eft reaches adulthood will the North American species return to live in water, rarely venturing back onto the land. Conversely, most European species live their adult lives on land and only visit water to breed.[16]

title: Anapanasati

text: Alan Watts noted something more in watching the breath with regards to Zen Buddhism. Active or voluntary breathing ("I will breath in" etc) is clearly something the person is doing. Passive breathing (involuntary daily breathing) is something we imagine is being done, but not by us, it is something that just happens. In a watching-the-breath type of meditation we might experience both types. But suddenly it can dawn upon us that we are doing both: the involuntary breathing also seems to be something we are doing because we experience "being everything"- we are doing everything. And it can flip - both are just happening: the voluntary breathing also seems to be something that just happens, again because we are "being everything" - but now, everything is just happening. Thus we may see our very decisions to do things as just happening, just spontaneously arising - he asks "Do you decide to decide?". Be careful to note that Alan Watts points out that both things are true: we decide (and have free will) and (we don't) decisions just happen. This is the Zen perspective where we embrace this paradox. We might say that, this (or any) paradox exists only as a human thought and in this case, we cannot understand (think) how these opposites can exist together; yet in reality, that is not burdened by thought, this is our experience. Thus watching the breath is one way to experience these things.

title: Smooth newt

text: There is also a risk that smooth newts could poison their predators, like cane toads do. Any native animal that ingests the potentially deadly skin secretions produced by the newt could be affected, including wading birds, snakes, lizards, turtles, fish and mammals.

title: Spotted paddle-tail newt

text:
"Pachytriton" species are stout-bodied, smooth-skinned aquatic newts. Their heads are large and flattened, and they have conspicuous labial folds and short, stubby legs and toes. They breathe through both lungs and skin.
"P. brevipes" ranges from 5.5 to 7.5 in as an adult. It has prominent labial folds, long digits, and smooth skin, which differs from the tuberculate skin typical of newts.

title: Newt

text: Calotriton – European brook newts Cynops (incl. Hypselotriton) – Firebelly newts Echinotriton – Mountain or spiny newts Ichthyosaura – Alpine newts Lissotriton – Small-bodied newts Neurergus – Spotted newts Notophthalmus – Eastern or North American newts Ommatotriton – Banded newts Pachytriton – Paddle-tail or Chinese newts Paramesotriton (incl. Laotriton) – Warty newts Pleurodeles – Ribbed newts Taricha – Pacific, western or rough-skinned newts Triturus – Crested and marbled newts Tylototriton (incl. Liangshantriton) – Crocodile or knobby newts

title: Newt

text: Chinese warty newts, Chinese fire belly newts, eastern newts, paddletail newts, Japanese fire belly newts, Chuxiong fire-bellied newts, Triturus species, emperor newts, Spanish ribbed newts (leucistic genes exist), and red-tailed knobby newts are some commonly seen newts in the pet trade. Some newts rarely seen in the pet trade are rough-skinned newts, Kaiser's spotted newts, banded newts and yellow-spotted newts.

title: Italian crested newt

text: Due to the nature of this newt’s secretative behaviour and most of the research being on their behavioural thermoregulation, there has not been much research on the metabolic interactions between respiration, blood flow and thermoregulation. However, in general newts are more subject to higher oxygen consumption during diving, which puts a strain on reproductive success and ultimately reduces metabolic activity. Newts are also greatly restricted in metabolic activities due to their anaerobic lifestyles, and because of this newts do not seem to meet their metabolic threshold. This cannot be fully determined due to their secretive lifestyle.

title: Rough-skinned newt

text: The rough skinned newt uses a form of chemical based avoidance behavior to evade being eaten by predators, mainly the common garter snake. The snakes, after swallowing, digesting, and metabolizing a rough-skinned newt, release a chemical signature. This stimulus can be detected by a nearby newt and trigger an avoidant response, which allows them to minimize predation risks. In this way, newts are able to differentiate whether a snake is resistant or sensitive to the toxin in order to avoid being preyed upon. However, newts do not avoid the corpses of a recently digested newt that has been left to decompose. This behavior is unlike salamanders that have been documented in avoiding other damaged salamanders.

title: The Learning Tree

text: One day when Newt is eating his lunch in the loft of Kiner's barn, he witnesses the brutal attack and murder of Kiner by Booker Savage, Marcus' father. Newt initially keeps quiet about what he has seen, but appears to be bothered that Silas Newhall, who was at the scene of the crime for another reason, is being accused for a murder he did not commit. Encouraged by his mother Sarah, Newt reveals to Judge Cavanaugh that Booker committed the murder, and also testifies in court, but rather than doing the good he intended it to do, Newt's testimony leads to the suicide of Booker and almost being killed by Marcus.

title: Italian crested newt

text: Temperature plays a key role in the osmoregulation of the newt. Not only do the changing seasons drive "T. carnifex" either into the water or onto land, it also regulates the release of certain hormones in accordance with the osmotic permeability of the newts' epidermis. Osmotic permeability is dependent on the release of hormones such as prolactin, vasotocin, as well as other thyroidal and internal hormones. Brown et al. experimented on a close relative of "T. carnifex" to determine the effects different environmental conditions have on the newts osmoregulatory systems.

title: Triturus

text: Adult newts begin moving to their breeding sites in spring when temperatures stay above . This usually occurs in March for most species, but can be much earlier in the southern parts of the distribution range. Southern marbled newts mainly breed from January to early March and may already enter ponds in autumn. The time adults spend in water differs among species and correlates with body shape: while it is only about three months in the marbled newts, it is six months in the Danube crested newt, whose slender body is best adapted to swimming. "Triturus" newts in their aquatic phase are mostly nocturnal and, compared to the smaller newts of "Lissotriton" and "Ichthyosaura", usually prefer the deeper parts of a water body, where they hide under vegetation. As with other newts, they occasionally have to move to the surface to breathe air. The aquatic phase serves not only for reproduction, but also offers the animals more abundant prey, and immature crested newts frequently return to the water in spring even if they do not breed.

title: Newt (Hollyoaks)

text: During his time on the run, Newt befriends a teenager, Rae Wilson (Alice Barlow), who he stops from committing suicide. The pair quickly fall in love. Eli takes an instant dislike to Rae and takes over Newt in order to kill her, however Newt stops himself from severely hurting her. Realising they both cannot escape their troubles, Newt and Rae agree to commit suicide together by jumping into a canal. Lauren tells Jack where Newt is and the pair rush to get him, and are shocked to see him threatening to kill himself. After it is revealed to Newt that Rae is just another persona of his schizophrenia, he pushes Eli into the canal. Rae also jumps in, as does Newt. Jack rushes in to rescue Newt and he pulls him out safely. However, Eli and Rae do not resurface. Newt recovers in hospital and is adamant that Rae is real, despite Jack and Lauren telling him he was alone. Newt is released and discovers a picture of Rae in the purse belonging to Lily, an elderly woman he mugged whilst on the run. Newt goes to Lily's door, where he tells her of Rae's death. Despite this, Rae turns up and tells Newt she does not know who he is. Newt tries to tell Rae he is telling the truth but she does not believe him. An upset Newt returns home and decides to change, shaving off his hair and changing his clothes, ultimately dropping his emo appearance. Another local school, Abbey Hill, is merged with Hollyoaks High. Rae is one of the new students. Newt tries to talk to her, but she gets her friend Sinclair to scare Newt off. Newt tells Lauren about the Rae he knew whilst on the run. Lauren then tells Newt that the Rae he had described, is exactly like her.

title: Newt fencing

text:
The great crested newt "Triturus cristatus" is an amphibian native to the UK but also widespread across Northern Europe. Whilst it is relatively widespread in the UK (in fact the UK hosts one of the great crested newt's most significant populations), it is rare on a European wide basis. The great crested newt is listed as a "strictly protected fauna species" under appendix II of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats:
and consequently is protected under UK legislation through the Wildlife and Countryside Act and the Conservation (Natural Habitat) regulations 1994. Under these regulations it is an offence to intentionally disturb, injure or kill any great crested newt, or disturb or destroy its habitat. Likewise, the Habitats Regulations 2010 do not apply to all newts, and in the case of e.g. smooth newt species, they are protected differently, under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended).

title: Triturus

text: "Triturus" species usually live at low elevation; the Danube crested newt for example is confined to lowlands up to above sea level. However, they do occur at higher altitudes towards the south of their range: the Italian crested newt is found up to in the Apennine Mountains, the southern crested newt up to in the southern Caucausus, and the marbled newt up to around in central Spain.

title: Italian crested newt

text: "T. carnifex" are ectotherms. This means that the internal forces of this newt that control the body temperature have almost no importance. They are traditionally called “cold-blooded” although blood has really nothing to do with how these animals thermoregulate. This means that "T. carnifex" will regulate in a way that depends more on behavior. When there is a large range of environmental temperatures, newts are very insensitive to a thermal gradient profile.

title: Skin in the Game (book)

text: The term was picked up and used late in the 2016 U.S. presidential election by Newt Gingrich when he criticized the negative response Trump received after the first presidential debate stating that "The Intellectual Yet Idiot class is so out of touch with America that they don't even realize how badly they are doing and how well Trump is doing." Gingrich has mentioned the term multiple times in interviews and speeches since then and has included in his book "Understanding Trump" a chapter called "The Rise of the IYI".

title: How Do I Breathe

text: On July 16, 2008, Kourtni Lind and Matt Dorame from the US television reality program and dance competition "So You Think You Can Dance" danced to "How Do I Breathe" as the part of the competition.

title: Italian crested newt

text: "T. carnifex" faces an interesting challenge, one that all air-breathing aquatic newts must face: the temperature variance between the land phase and the aquatic phase. Since water has a heat capacity 3500 times greater and a thermal conductance 23 times greater than air, small ectotherms such as the Italian crested newt are likelier to have a more variable body temperature than strictly terrestrial organisms. Many ectotherms possess the ability to reversibly alter their preferred body temperature based upon the seasonal changes the newt experiences, which means that their optimal thermal range is quite wide. They respond to variance in temperature by employing either behavioural or physiological changes. Some changes in body temperature are unavoidable, however, depending on how much solar radiation is available.

title: Metamorphosis

text: In newts, there is no true metamorphosis because newt larvae already feed as predators and continue doing so as adults. Newts' gills are never covered by a gill sac and will be resorbed only just before the animal leaves the water. Just as in tadpoles, their lungs are functional early, but newts use them less frequently than tadpoles. Newts often have an aquatic phase in spring and summer, and a land phase in winter. For adaptation to a water phase, prolactin is the required hormone, and for adaptation to the land phase, thyroxin. External gills do not return in subsequent aquatic phases because these are completely absorbed upon leaving the water for the first time.

title: Newt (Hollyoaks)

text: Newt and Lauren read about Sam Owen (Louis Tamone), who had previously burned down The Dog, killing four others, and decide to pretend to be possessed by his ghost, however they do this in front of Sam's brother Russ Owen (Stuart Manning), who lost his girlfriend Sophie Burton (Connie Powney) in the fire. Russ is angry, Newt and Lauren apologise. Newt and Lauren then begin a relationship. The Dog is raided by Warren Fox's old acquaintances, Anthony and Carl, who hold Newt, Louise Summers (Roxanne McKee), Jack and Frankie hostage and demand money. Newt manages to hide and phone the police. After it is over, Newt asks Warren to give The Dog back to Jack, who had been forced into partnership. Newt and Lauren decide to have sex, with Lauren wanting to have it in a graveyard, however Newt tells her he would rather do it at her house. Newt soon realises he is not ready to have sex. Elliot Bevan (Garnon Davies) agrees to help Newt and Lauren with coursework, however when he goes to a picnic with Sarah Barnes (Loui Batley) instead of helping them, Lauren wants to get revenge. A reluctant Newt agrees. After overhearing Elliot having a conversation with Kris Fisher (Gerard McCarthy) about Elliot believing his father was abducted by aliens, the pair post messages to Elliot, pretending to be his father. The pair tell Elliot to meet them in the woods, which he does. Newt and Lauren regret their trick when Elliot begins crying. They run away where Newt trips over something, later revealed to be the body of Sean Kennedy (Matthew Jay Lewis).

title: How Do I Breathe

text: How Do I Breathe, Pt. 2:

title: Rae Wilson

text: Rae meets Barry "Newt" Newton (Nico Mirallegro) while he is living rough, and teaches him how to survive on the streets. She is disliked by Eli (Marc Silcock), Newt's alternate persona caused by his schizophrenia. Rae and Newt become close and begin a relationship. After Newt admits he has schizophrenia, Eli takes over his mind and tries to kill Rae, but Newt manages to stop him. Newt and Rae decide to escape their problems by committing suicide together by jumping from a height into water. As they climb to the top of a warehouse to jump, Newt's ex-girlfriend Lauren Valentine (Dominique Jackson) and his foster father Jack Osborne (Jimmy McKenna) rush to stop Newt, who pushes Eli into the canal as Rae jumps. Newt jumps in after them, but is rescued by Jack. After recovering, Newt locates Rae's grandmother Lily (Meryl Hampton) and tells her that her granddaughter is dead. Rae, however, then arrives alive and well. She does not recognise Newt, and has a different hairstyle and clothing from her previous appearances. Newt realises that he had seen a photograph of Rae and had created an alternate persona around her. The woman he thought he had known was another figment of his imagination.

title: Newt (Hollyoaks)

text: Eli, an old friend of Newt, arrives. Newt hides Eli in his bedroom. Eli and Newt plan to run away together to start a life on their own. Newt says goodbye to Lauren and Jack Osborne (James McKenna), who do not suspect what he is planning. After meeting Eli, they reflect upon their plans. Meanwhile, Lauren watches a tape of Newt writing a threatening massage on Frankie's wall, despite previous claims it was Eli. Eli is then revealed to be a figment of Newt's imagination. Lauren tries to explain to Newt that he needs help and tells Frankie what she saw. Newt is admitted to hospital and diagnosed with schizophrenia. Newt returns home and is shocked to see Jack, who had apparently died. Darren, to cover up their life insurance fraud, tells Newt if he tells anyone, he would have to go back to hospital. Eli convinces Newt not to trust his family and to stop taking his medication. Frankie decides to adopt Newt, however his mother refuses. Newt witnesses Niall Rafferty (Barry Sloane) kidnapping his secret half sister Jacqui McQueen (Claire Cooper). Newt tries to tell Lauren to call the police but she thinks it is his schizophrenia, she then calls an ambulance. Later, Newt and Lauren reconcile and kiss. Newt stops taking his medication, which causes erectile dysfunction, so he and Lauren can have sex. Newt then ends the relationship due to Eli. He then tells Lauren to burn everything that reminded him of Eli. Eli then disappeared as Newt began taking his medication. Newt and Lauren then sleep with each other for the first time in Evissa.

title: Triturus

text: Historically, most European newts were included in the genus, but taxonomists have split off the alpine newts ("Ichthyosaura"), the small-bodied newts ("Lissotriton") and the banded newts ("Ommatotriton") as separate genera. The closest relatives of "Triturus" are the European brook newts ("Calotriton"). Two species of marbled newts and seven species of crested newts are accepted, of which the Anatolian crested newt was only described in 2016. Their ranges are largely contiguous but where they do overlap, hybridisation may take place.

title: California newt

text: The California newt has warty, slate-gray skin on its back and bright orange-yellow skin underneath. It is very similar in appearance to the rough-skinned newt and they are often indistinguishable without dissection, but in general, the California newt has orange skin around the bottom of its eye while the Rough-skinned has gray skin at the bottom its eye. The California newt also has eyes that protrude beyond the edge of the jaw line when viewed from above, while the eyes of the rough-skinned do not protrude, giving its head a more bullet-like appearance. The red-bellied newt is also similar but has dark irises vs. yellow in the California newt, more red coloration underneath, and a dark band across the vent that is lacking in the California newt..

title: Lauren Valentine

text: Lauren takes Newt's medication in order to understand how he feels. Newt and Anita go round to her house because Newt finds out Lauren tells Anita about his schizophrenia and finds her really ill. Anita calls an ambulance while Newt comforts her and tells her he loves her. Lauren is banned from seeing Newt and Newt tells her that he wants to end their relationship. Newt explains that Eli would be gone forever if Lauren burnt his belongings and that he and Lauren shall stay together in secret. On New Year's Eve 2008 Newt and Lauren slept with each other for the first time in Evissa. In January 2009, Newt and Lauren split up. Newt and Anite begin dating. Lauren begins claiming she is being bullied by Anita, who Newt ends his relationship with. Newt eventually finds out about her lies but they continue their friendship.

title: Hong Meng

text: "The breath of heaven is out of harmony, the breath of earth tangles and snarls," said Cloud Chief. "The six breaths do not blend properly," the four seasons do not stay in order. Now I would like to harmonize the essences of the six breaths in order to bring nourishment to all living creatures. How should I go about it?"

title: How Do I Breathe

text: The video was directed by Melina and premiered on BET's Access Granted on May 23, 2007. One scene where Mario is dressed in a white t-shirt while singing in smoke, is similar to the scene in Kanye West's video "Touch the Sky". After its premiere, "How Do I Breathe" received heavy airplay on BET's music video countdown show "106 & Park". It also appeared at number 87 on BET's "Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2007" countdown.

title: Maria Callas

text:
Voigt herself explained how her dramatic weight loss affected her breathing and breath support:
Much of what I did with my weight was very natural, vocally. Now I've got a different body—there's not as much of me around. My diaphragm function, the way my throat feels, is not compromised in any way. But I do have to think about it more now. I have to remind myself to keep my ribs open. I have to remind myself, if my breath starts to stack. When I took a breath before, the weight would kick in and give it that extra "Whhoomf"! Now it doesn't do that. If I don't remember to get rid of the old air and re-engage the muscles, the breath starts stacking, and that's when you can't get your phrase, you crack high notes.

title: Italian crested newt

text: Development brings many changes about in the Italian crested newt. One of these is the alteration from oxyconformer to oxyregulator. Obviously, this difference will change how the newt deals with changes in its respiratory conditions. Another developmental change is the loss of external gills from juvenile stage to adulthood. This affects "T. carnifex" as the difference between being able to outreach the DBL (juvenile) and the inability to do this (adult). This inability introduces a diathesis to hypoxia in stagnant water. This is because there is a lack of convection in the water, and the oxygen is being subtracted more quickly than it can diffuse (due to oxygen’s slow diffusion constant through water).

title: How Do I Breathe

text: "How Do I Breathe" is an R&B single by Mario. It is the first single from his third studio album "Go". The single was released on May 15, 2007. It was produced by Stargate. On the issue date of July 7, 2007, the single debuted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 at number 91. "How Do I Breathe" also debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 30 on download sales alone, the day before the physical release of the song. It also became Mario's last charting single in the UK. The song also peaked at number 18 on the "Billboard" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The official remix of the song features Fabolous and the second official remix features Cassidy. A rare third one features both artists and switches between beats. The song was co-written by Mario.


query: Where does U.S. Route 90 end?

title: U.S. Route 90

text: U.S. Route90 (US 90) is an east–west United States highway. Despite the "0" in its route number, US90 never was a full coast-to-coast route; it has always ended at Van Horn, Texas with the exception of a short-lived northward extension to US62/US180 near Pine Springs, Texas which lasted less than a year, and the signs on that segment were changed to Texas State Highway 54, traveling from Interstate 10 (I-10) at exit 140A and heading to its northern terminus at US62/US180.

title: New Jersey Route 90

text: Route 90 begins at the Pennsylvania-New Jersey border on the Betsy Ross Bridge over the Delaware River, where the road continues into Philadelphia as an unnumbered freeway that heads to an interchange with Interstate 95. Signs for the interchange along Interstate 95 refer to New Jersey Route 90. From the Betsy Ross Bridge, Route 90 heads to the southeast into Pennsauken Township, Camden County as a six-lane, freeway maintained by the Delaware River Port Authority, passing over residential areas as well as NJ Transit's River Line and County Route 543 (River Road). The road reaches a toll plaza in the westbound direction. Route 90 passes over County Route 615 (Union Avenue) before coming to an interchange with U.S. Route 130, where maintenance is transferred to the New Jersey Department of Transportation. From here, the speed limit is increased to . Shortly past the U.S. Route 130 interchange, the freeway narrows to four lanes before coming to a partial interchange with County Route 644 (Haddonfield Road), where there is a westbound on-ramp and an eastbound off-ramp. The route crosses into Cinnaminson Township, Burlington County and passes over the Pennsauken Creek. A short distance later, the Route 90 freeway merges into Route 73.

title: U.S. Route 183

text: U.S. Highway 183 enters South Dakota just south of Wewela. It goes north to Colome, where it intersects U.S. Highway 18. US 183 and US 18 go northwest through Winner together, then US 183 turns north west of Winner. It goes north to Presho, where it intersects Interstate 90 and ends.

title: Missouri Route 37

text: At Monett, Route 37 intersects U.S. Route 60 and becomes part of the Trail of Tears Automobile Route all the way to the state line. At Cassville, Route 37 produces one of two official business routes and on the south side of the town it intersects Route 76/Route 86 and the northern terminus of Route 112. At Washburn is the eastern terminus of Route 90 and at Seligman is the southern terminus of Route 112. Three miles south of Seligman, Route 37 crosses the Arkansas state line where it becomes Arkansas Highway 37. About one half of a mile south of the state line, Arkansas 37 ends at U.S. Route 62.

title: Business routes of Interstate 90

text: Interstate 90 Business is a business loop of Interstate 90 in Missoula. The business route begins at a diamond interchange with I-90/MT 200 at exit 101 (Reserve Street), which is also the eastern terminus of the overlap with U.S. Route 93. As it crosses over a railroad bridge, it immediately leaves US 93 at an interchange with West Broadway Street, and turns southeast. BL-90 briefly parallels the south side of the former Northern Pacific Railway line but turns away at the intersection with Railroad Street West, still remaining in a relative southeast trajectory. The road briefly turns straight east before the intersection with North Russell Street, but returns southeast at Toole Street. Between Hawthorne and McCormick Streets, it runs directly along the north bank of the Clark Fork River before reaching the Heart of Missoula. At Higgins Avenue, West Broadway Street becomes East Broadway Street, and at Madison Street, the route is joined by another concurrency with U.S. Route 12. BL-90/US 12 run along East Broadway Street together for three blocks until it reaches Van Buren Street, where they both turn north, and run under a bridge for that same NP line it encountered under Reserve Street, and BL-90 finally ends at a diamond interchange with I-90/MT 200 at exit 105, while US 12 continues east along an overlap with I-90 until it reaches exit 174 in Garrison.

title: U.S. Route 90 in Texas

text: East of Downtown San Antonio, US 90 multiplexes with I-10. This overlap ends in Seguin, and continues where the two highways continually cross each other en route to Houston. US 90 once again duplexes with I-10 east of Columbus briefly separating near Brookshire and continue overlapping from Katy all the way to Houston. At I-610 east of Houston, US 90 becomes independently known as the Crosby Freeway.

title: Kentucky Route 90

text: Kentucky Route 90 begins at Cave City at an intersection with KY 70, equipped with a traffic light, in the one part of the city where many restaurants, hotels, and gas stations are located. It is a major tourism hot-spot due to the close proximity to Mammoth Cave National Park, in nearby Edmonson County, along with few other attractions along KY 70 west of the city. Signs at the I-65 exit tend to imply that KY 90 ends at the exit itself, while state highway documents indicate that the end is at the intersection with KY 70, about from the exit proper. In spite of this, both KY 70 and KY 90 markers appear on the signage for Exit 53 of I-65. After KY 90's first mile, it intersects U.S. Route 31W, still within city limits of Cave City.

title: Business routes of Interstate 90

text: Interstate 90 Business is an business spur (incomplete loop) of Interstate 90 in Ritzville, Washington, running through the city along the former alignment of U.S. Route 10, only connecting to I-90 at its west end. The business route is also signed with highway shields commemorating historic US 10. Historic US 10 continues east of the Ritzville city line for another before terminating at Interstate 90.

title: Business routes of Interstate 90

text: Interstate 90 Business is a business loop of Interstate 90 in Sturgis. It runs from a diamond interchange at exit 30 at the east end of U.S. Route 14A The route includes streets such as Lazelle Street (SD 34/79) and Junction Boulevard at another diamond interchange at exit 32.

title: Colorado State Highway 90

text:
State Highway 90 is a long state highway at the western edge of Colorado.
SH 90 begins in the west at the border with Utah where it becomes Utah State Route 46 which continues westward to meet U.S. Highway 191 about twenty miles (32 km) south of Moab, UT. From the Utah border the road passes eastward for about through a very remote area, first along a section of La Sal Creek, then over a pass and though Paradox Valley, where it crosses the Dolores River Bridge near the town of Bedrock. After leaving the valley, it joins up with State Highway 141 at Vancorum where this portion of the road ends. The road then reappears approximately eight miles west of Montrose and travels into downtown Montrose where its western end occurs at its intersection with U.S. Highway 550. The two sections of the road are joined by a section composed mostly of unpaved road and a brief stretch of SH 141 neither of which are officially part of SH 90. Thus the official length of the road is , but driving from one end to the other will require traveling at least . If only paved routes are used, that distance increases considerably.
The route was established in the 1920s without the current gap. In 1954, all was cut out except the current eastern section, and the current western section was added back in 1963. The route was also entirely paved by 1963.

title: U.S. Route 16 in South Dakota

text: US 16 formerly ran all the way across the state, to the Minnesota state line east of Sioux Falls. It entered the state on the current routing of US 14/I-90 (the current routing is former US 216), and followed the US 14 routing to Rapid City. It joined U.S. Route 216 in Rapid City, and continued east into Box Elder. "Highway 14-16," as it was known, was a divided highway through most of Box Elder before returning to a two-lane road. (This road is still in use today, and still referred to as "14-16.") US 16 traveled east to New Underwood, then continued through the foothills to Wasta. The highway ran north of Wasta, across the Cheyenne River, then ran southeast to Wall. In Wall, an alternate route of US 16 (present day SD 240) split from the highway and headed south, through the Badlands National Monument (now Badlands National Park). US 14 and US 16 split east of Wall, with US 14 travelling due east and US 16 continuing southeast to its intersection with the eastern end of US 16 Alternate. From there, US 16 travels due east, on the present-day routing of South Dakota Highway 248. The highway followed this routing through Kadoka, Murdo, and Vivian, where it intersected U.S. Route 83. The highway continued east to Reliance, where present-day SD 248 ends. US 16 then returned to the current routing of I-90, and followed this routing to Oacoma, where it followed the current I-90 Business Loop to a bridge over the Missouri River into Chamberlain. East of Chamberlain, US 16 followed present day Old Airport Road to East King Street, then turned onto 249th Street just north of where I-90 now lies. It followed 249th Street to Pukwana, present-day 350th Avenue to an intersection with SD 47 (now SD 50), 251st Street to Kimball, and 252nd Street to White Lake. US 16 then followed present-day County Road 34 (also named Old Highway 16) to Mount Vernon and present-day 254th Street to Mitchell. It then followed what is now SD 38 east to Sioux Falls. US 16 ran concurrent with US 77 to its intersection with SD 42. The highway followed SD 42 to the eastern end of its concurrency with SD 11, then followed SD 11 to Brandon. It then followed present-day Aspen Boulevard from Brandon east to the Minnesota state line north of Valley Springs.

title: Special routes of U.S. Route 90

text:
U.S. Highway 90 Business is a business route of U.S. Highway 90 that goes from Louisiana Highway 182 at Morgan City to Louisiana Highway 662 at Amelia, Louisiana.
U.S. Highway 90 Business (officially U.S. Highway 90-Z) is a business route of U.S. Highway 90 in and near New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. Unlike a standard business route, it is built to higher standards than the segment of U.S. 90 that it parallels, with over half built to freeway standards and designated (but not signed as) Interstate 910. It crosses the Mississippi River on the Crescent City Connection and runs along the Westbank Expressway west of the bridge and part of the Pontchartrain Expressway in the New Orleans Central Business District. On the other hand, U.S. 90 runs along surface streets through New Orleans, crossing the Mississippi on the older and narrower Huey P. Long Bridge.

title: Massachusetts Route 181

text: Route 181 is a long north–south state highway in Massachusetts starting at an intersection with U.S. Route 20 in Palmer, located in Hampden County. The route crosses the Mass Pike (Interstate 90), but does not intersect. The route crosses through the Bondsville section of Palmer, crossing into Hampshire County, where it enters Belchertown. In Belchertown, Route 181 comes to an end at a junction with the concurrent U.S. Route 202 and Route 21.

title: New York State Route 199

text: New York State Route199 (NY199) is a state highway located in the Hudson Valley of the U.S. state of New York. Its western end is in Ulster County, where it begins as the continuation of the short U.S. Route 209 expressway east of its interchange with U.S. Route 9W; after crossing the Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge over the Hudson River the rest of the highway crosses northern Dutchess County. As it does it passes through downtown Red Hook and Pine Plains, reaching its eastern end at U.S. Route 44 and State Route 22 southwest of Millerton in the upper Harlem Valley.

title: Tennessee State Route 90

text: SR 90 begins in northern Campbell County at an intersection with U.S. Route 25W (US 25W) in the community of Morley, north of LaFollette and southeast of Jellico. The route then twists and turns through the Cumberland Mountains of northern Tennessee, climbing through a series of switchback curves to the top of Hickory Hill, where it passes through White Oak. After descending from this ridge to Tackett Creek, the highway veers northeastward into the Clearfork Valley, where it traverses the communities of Eagan and Clairfield. It comes to an end at Kentucky Route 74 at the Kentucky state line in the old mining community of Pruden. KY 74 continues eastward through rugged mountain terrain to Middlesboro, Kentucky.

title: U.S. Route 90 in Florida

text: US 90 finally enters the City of Pensacola after the intersection of CR 453 (W Street) where it merges onto West Cervantes Street, which is also the name of a local street west of CR 453. Eight blocks later, US 90 encounters the intersection of U.S. Route 98 and State Road 292, and US 98 moves from a concurrency with SR 292 to one with US 90. Together US 90 & 98 run through the heart of Pensacola. Among the intersections they share are with U.S. Route 29 where West Cervantes Street becomes East Cervantes Street. But US 29 has been overshadowed by a partial interchange with Interstate 110 at Exit 2. Two to three blocks later it encounters southbound State Road 291 along Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Drive (formerly Alcaniz Street), and northbound SR 291 along Davis Highway). Four blocks later, the US 90/98 concurrency ends at the intersection with State Road 289, where US 98 turns south towards the Pensacola Bay Bridge and runs along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico toward Perry, Lakeland, and Palm Beach, while US 90 continues along Cervantes Street. Veering slightly to the right after the intersection with 15th Street, it crosses a bridge over Bayou Texar, and hits land again at the intersection of Bayou Boulevard across from the Bayou Texar Boat Ramp, which can only be accessed from Stanley Avenue a block east.

title: U.S. Route 113

text: U.S. Route 113 (US 113) is a spur of US 13 in the U.S. states of Maryland and Delaware. The U.S. Highway runs from US 13 in Pocomoke City, Maryland north to Delaware Route 1 (DE 1) in Milford, Delaware. In conjunction with DE 1, US 113 is one of two major north–south highways on the Delmarva Peninsula (with US 13) that connect Dover with Pocomoke City and the Eastern Shore of Virginia. The U.S. Highway is the primary north–south highway in Worcester County, Maryland, where it connects Pocomoke City with Snow Hill and Berlin. US 113 is one of three major north–south highways in Sussex County, Delaware, where it connects Selbyville and Georgetown with Milford. While US 113 does not pass through Ocean City or the Delaware Beaches, the U.S. Highway intersects several highways that serve the Atlantic seaboard resorts, including US 50, Maryland Route 90 (MD 90), US 9, and DE 1. US 113 is a four-lane divided highway for its whole length except for between Snow Hill and Berlin, where it is a two-lane undivided road.

title: U.S. Route 331

text: U.S. Route 331 begins at U.S. Route 98 in Santa Rosa Beach. From there it runs north towards a long concrete slab bridge over Choctawhatchee Bay. The bridge ends at Wheeler Point, and the road makes a sharp curve to the northeast where it encounters an intersection with County Road 3280, and then turns straight north again. Running along the eastern edge of Mallery Bayou, and LaGrange Bayou, the road makes a less drastic northeastern curve at the bridge over Ramsey Brook, and it eventually intersects State Road 20 on the eastern edge of Freeport. The road continues on this trajectory thanks to a 2007 FDOT construction project, but eventually straightens before approaching the northern terminus of State Road 883(former US 331/SR 83) in Owl's Head. From that point it runs along the eastern edge of Eglin Air Force Base, which includes the Eglin Wildlife Management Area. This territory ends across the street from the intersection of Edgewood Circle. After the intersection with Indian Creek Ranch Road, US 331/SR 83 makes a slight northwest curve to meet the southern end of County Road 278 (Coy Burgess Loop). The road runs straight north from there and becomes a divided highway as it approaches the north end of CR 278 just south of Interstate 10 at Exit 85 in DeFuniak Springs. Within the city, US 331/SR 83 remains a divided highway running in the same trajectory, where the only intersection of any level of importance is CR 280(Bob Sikes Road). After the intersection with Myrtle Avenue, it takes another slight curve to the northeast. Two more local intersections will be encountered before the road runs beneath a bridge for the CSX P&A Subdivision, and a parallel bridge with Baldwin Avenue just before the intersection with U.S. Route 90, where both U.S. Route 331 and SR 83 split into two separate concurrencies; US 331 turns left while SR 83 turns right. US 90/331 curves northwest where it encounters the western terminus of Baldwin Avenue, the very city street it crosses under on the north side of the P&A Subdivision. After this it runs along the same railroad line where it encounters the DeFuniak Springs Country Club, but at the eastern edge of DeFuniak Springs Airport, the concurrency ends as US 90 heads west towards Pensacola, while US 331 turns north onto the two-lane hidden SR 187.

title: Route 131 (Connecticut–Massachusetts)

text: Route 131 begins at U.S. Route 20 in Sturbridge, just west of where that route meets Interstate 84, and just south of I-84's terminus with Interstate 90. After crossing under I-84, Route 131 meets the former northern end of Route 15, which was a continuation of Connecticut Route 15. Route 131 continues southeastward into Southbridge, where it crosses the Quinebaug River. In downtown Southbridge, Route 131 meets the northern end of Route 198 before becoming concurrent with Route 169 for half a mile, south of the Southbridge Industrial Park and the old American Optical Company plant.

title: Special routes of U.S. Route 90

text:
Business U.S. Highway 90-Y or Bus. US 90-Y begins at Exit 874A of the combined route of Interstate 10 and US 90 on the west side of Orange in Orange County. The route proceeds to the east along W. Park Ave. to FM 3247 where the route turns to the southeast along Strickland Dr. through western Pinehurst. After reentering Orange, the route is joined by SH 87, and the combined route proceeds to the east along MacArthur Dr. After SH 87 turns off of the route, Bus. US 90-Y continues east along Green Ave past FM 1006 and then turns north along Simmons Dr. returning to I-10 and US 90 at Exit 878.
The business route follows the former alignment of US 90 through Orange until April 30, 1962. With the realignment, the route was designated State Highway Loop 358 but was signed as a US 90 business route. That designation was canceled and replaced with the current designation on June 21, 1990.

title: Interstate 90 in Ohio

text: U.S. Route 20 (US 20) parallels I-90 throughout Ohio, as it does in all locations from Illinois eastward; US 6 also parallels I-90 to a lesser extent throughout the state. East of I-271, SR 84 and SR 307 also closely parallel I-90. These routes are usually easily accessible from I-90's interchanges.

title: U.S. Route 14

text: U.S. 14 begins at the east entrance to Yellowstone National Park, along with U.S. 16 and the eastern segment of U.S. 20. It travels through the Shoshone National Forest to Cody, where U.S. 14A splits off to the north. Both routes traverse the dry Bighorn Basin, followed by a steep ascent up the Big Horn Mountains and through the Bighorn National Forest, where they rejoin at Burgess Junction. The highway descends the eastern slope of the Bighorns between Burgess Junction and Dayton. U.S. 14 briefly follows I-90 south from Ranchester to Sheridan. The highway turns east and then south to again join I-90 near Gillette. It splits off for a short time to Carlile, then rejoins I-90 which it follows to the state line.

title: Special routes of U.S. Route 90

text: All of the alternate and business routes within Texas are maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). U.S. Route 90 has one alternate route and two business routes within the state. Along US 90, TxDOT identifies each business route as Business U.S. Highway followed by an alphabetic suffix. Along Texas U.S. routes, the alphabetic suffixes on business route names ascend eastward and northward. There are gaps in the alphabetic values to allow for future system expansion or for decommissioned routes. The alphabetic naming suffixes are included as small letters on the bottom of route shields.

title: U.S. Route 83

text: U.S. 83 enters South Dakota south of Olsonville on a segment of highway which passes through the Rosebud Indian Reservation. After a brief overlap with U.S. Route 18 in Mission, the route turns north and meets Interstate 90 at Murdo. The two routes overlap as U.S. 83 goes east with I-90 until Vivian, where U.S. 83 turns north. At Fort Pierre, U.S. 83 meets U.S. Route 14 and South Dakota Highway 34. The three highways overlap as they cross the Missouri River and enter Pierre. At Pierre, SD 34 separates and U.S. 83 turns northeast with U.S. 14. They separate near Blunt and U.S. 83 turns northward. U.S. 83 briefly overlaps with U.S. Route 212 near Gettysburg and with U.S. Route 12 through the Selby area. U.S. 83 leaves South Dakota north of Herreid.

title: U.S. Route 90 in Louisiana

text: The modern US 90 has its roots in an early 20th-century auto trail known as the Old Spanish Trail, which was designated as State Route 2 within Louisiana when the state first numbered its highway system in 1921. US 90 was applied to the route when the numbered U.S. Highway system was implemented in 1926. With minor exceptions, Route 2 generally remained co-signed with US 90 throughout the state until such overlapping between U.S. and state routes was eliminated in the 1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering. Prior to 1955, as US 90 was gradually relocated onto newer and improved alignments, Route 2 was often moved accordingly. Former alignments remaining in the state highway system were then designated as part of State Route 1092 with shorter pieces designated as Route 2-D, 2-E, and so on as needed.In Louisiana, current plans call for parts of U.S. 90 to be upgraded to interstate standards from Lafayette to just west of New Orleans and designated Interstate 49. The stretch of U.S. 90 to be upgraded to I-49 stretches from the West Bank Expressway (U.S. 90 Business near Westwego, Louisiana) to just north of downtown Lafayette, where U.S. 90 splits from U.S. Route 167 (the two highways converge in downtown Lafayette). The stretch of U.S. 167 from U.S. 90 to I-10 will also be upgraded and included as part of I-49. As of March 2008, due to a one billion dollar surplus in the Louisiana state budget, the legislature approved a bill which proposed capacity improvements on U.S. 90 in the Lafayette Area. U. S. 167/U.S. 90 is currently six-laned from I-10 in Lafayette to La 182 and La 96 in Broussard.

title: Special routes of U.S. Route 90

text: U.S. Highway 90 Alternate is an alternate route of U.S. Highway 90 in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. It runs from the split of Beach Boulevard and Atlantic Boulevard east along Atlantic Boulevard (State Road 10; US 90 and SR 212 use Beach Boulevard) to Southside Boulevard (State Road 115), where it turns south to end at Beach Boulevard (US 90/SR 212).

title: Arizona State Route 92

text: State Route 92 (SR 92) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Arizona. Running roughly in an "L"-shaped pattern, SR 92 begins at SR 90 in Sierra Vista and ends at a traffic circle in Bisbee along SR 80, running entirely within Cochise County. The route was constructed and numbered as SR 92 in the late 1930s with a route that traveled further north past Sierra Vista than it does today. The routing was corrected in the 1960s.

title: Ohio State Route 43

text: Entering into Cuyahoga County at Solon northwesterly along Aurora Road, State Route 43 meets State Route 91 (S.O.M. Center Road) in the downtown of the city. Into Bedford Heights, State Route 43 passes under the triangular interchange between Interstate 271, Interstate 480 and U.S. Route 422. On the other side of the triangle, the state highway passes through North Randall, where it briefly follows State Route 8 north before turning northwest onto Miles Road. After going through Warrensville Heights, State Route 43 enters Cleveland. At the Broadway Avenue intersection, State Route 43 meets State Route 14, and the two highways converge. From this point into downtown Cleveland, State Route 43 is no longer signed, although it has been in the past. The combined state routes run northwesterly through the Slavic Village neighborhood, cross through partial interchanges with Interstate 77 and Interstate 490, and converge with U.S. Route 422, State Route 8 and State Route 87 onto Ontario Avenue. After intersecting Interstate 90, State Route 43 comes to an end along with the other four routes it is combined with at Public Square in downtown Cleveland, where the highways meet U.S. Route 6, U.S. Route 20, U.S. Route 42 and U.S. Route 322.

title: Maine State Route 90

text: State Route 90 (SR 90) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located in Knox County. It is a minor highway serving as a bypass of Rockland on U.S. Route 1 (US 1), which it connects to at both ends.

title: Interstate 90 in Minnesota

text: I-90 in Minnesota closely follows the route of old U.S. Highway 16 over most of its route except from just east of Austin, where I-90 turns toward Rochester and is constructed on a new alignment not previously covered by a highway. The section of I-90 east of Rochester was constructed just south of U.S. Highway 14 and south of the city of Winona.

title: Business routes of Interstate 90

text: Interstate 90 Business may refer to several business routes of the Interstate Highway System that connects Interstate 90 with the central business district of various cities bypassed by I-90. Each business route can be either a business loop or a business spur, depending on whether both ends connect to I-90. The business route in each community is considered a unique route. In many cases, these routes are a former section of a U.S. Route.


query: When did BOAC end?

title: British Overseas Airways Corporation

text: British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) was the British state-owned airline created in 1939 by the merger of Imperial Airways and British Airways Ltd. It continued operating overseas services throughout World War II. After the passing of the Civil Aviation Act of 1946, European and South American services passed to two further state-owned airlines, British European Airways (BEA) and British South American Airways (BSAA). BOAC absorbed BSAA in 1949, but BEA continued to operate British domestic and European routes for the next quarter century. A 1971 Act of Parliament merged BOAC and BEA, effective 31 March 1974, forming today's British Airways.[1]

title: Flying boat

text:
The largest flying boat of the war was the Blohm & Voss BV 238, which was also the heaviest plane to fly during World War II and the largest aircraft built and flown by any of the Axis Powers.
In November 1939, IAL was restructured into three separate companies: British European Airways, British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), and British South American Airways (which merged with BOAC in 1949), with the change being made official on 1 April 1940. BOAC continued to operate flying boat services from the (slightly) safer confines of Poole Harbour during wartime, returning to Southampton in 1947. When Italy entered the war in June 1940, the Mediterranean was closed to allied planes and BOAC and Qantas operated the Horseshoe Route between Durban and Sydney using Short Empire flying boats.

title: Short Solent

text:
The Solent 2 introduced by BOAC could carry 34 passengers and 7 crew. Between 1948 and 1950, BOAC operated their Solents on the three-times weekly scheduled service from Southampton to Johannesburg taking a route down the Nile and across East Africa. The journey took four days, including overnight stops. The Solents replaced Avro Yorks running the service.
The last Solent-operated service on the route departed from Berth 50 at Southampton on 10 November 1950, bringing BOAC's flying-boat operations to an end.

title: British South American Airways

text: By March 1949 with the loss of the "Star Ariel" unexplained, the permanent grounding of the Tudor IVs for passenger flying, and the lack of other long-range aircraft, the government proposed amalgamating the airline with BOAC. BSAA passengers to Bermuda were already being carried by BOAC aircraft via New York. The airline did have Saunders-Roe Princess flying-boats on order but they would not be delivered until 1951 and the transfer of Canadair North Star which were on order for BOAC was considered. On 15 March the Minister of Civil Aviation announced that BSAA and BOAC would be amalgamated.

title: Tom Horabin

text:
In January 1947, he was seriously injured when a BOAC aircraft in which he was a passenger crashed in Kent.
He later sued BOAC for damages, and after hearings in the High Court, the case was settled in November 1952 when he accepted £3,017 in damages.

title: Bristol Britannia

text: In October 1947, with work already underway, Bristol had settled on a Centaurus-powered design, with an all-up weight of and a payload of . The anticipated Karachi-Cairo run necessitated a 48-seat limit with a requirement for sufficient fuel for the lengthy stage. On 5 July 1949, the Ministry of Supply ordered five prototypes to this specification with the understanding that BOAC would contract for an additional 25 production examples. BOAC purchased options for 25 aircraft on 28 July, to be powered initially with the Bristol Centaurus engine, but to be re-fitted with the Bristol Proteus when available. In November 1948, the Type 175 design was revised again to accommodate 74 passengers and a longer span wing in a contemplated long-range version aimed at long-haul Empire and transatlantic routes rather than the medium-haul Empire routes originally planned. On reflection, BOAC decided that only a Proteus-engined aircraft was worth working on, necessitating a further redesign with Bristol eliminating the Centaurus option. Senior figures within BOAC such as the Deputy Chairman Whitney Straight, however, considered the Proteus engine to be "an obsolete contraption". Despite BOAC's desire to have a turboprop engine, the Type 175 project was contingent on the Proteus passing a 150-hour Type Test.

title: British Overseas Airways Corporation

text: The next major order of Boeing aircraft was for 11 747-100s. On 22 April 1970 BOAC received its first 747, but the aircraft did not enter commercial service until 14 April 1971 due to BOAC's inability to settle crewing and pay rates with the British Air Line Pilots' Association. BOAC's successor British Airways later became the largest Boeing customer outside North America.

title: 1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash

text: Christopher Shawcross, senior counsel for BOAC, stated that "the crash would not have happened had it not been for the condition which existed at that end of the runway on the day of the crash", referring to the wall struck by the plane.

title: British Overseas Airways Corporation

text: In 1953 Vickers had started building the swept wing VC-7/V-1000 with Rolls-Royce Conway turbofan engines, but BOAC short-sightedly decided the Britannia and Comet 4 would be adequate for its purposes, and when the military version of the V-1000 was cancelled in 1955 the 75% complete prototype was scrapped. In October 1956 BOAC ordered 15 Boeing 707s with Conway engines (briefly the most economical commercial engine option). They entered service in 1960. (The British airworthiness authorities insisted on tail-fin modifications which Boeing made available to all 707 users.) Sir Giles Guthrie,[6] who took charge of BOAC in 1964, preferred Boeing aircraft for economic reasons, and indeed BOAC began turning a profit in the late 1960s. After a row in Parliament the government instructed BOAC to purchase 17 Vickers VC10 aircraft from a 30-aircraft order which Guthrie had cancelled.[7] The Standard VC10 had higher operating costs than the 707, largely due to BOAC's requirement at the design stage for the aircraft to have excellent hot and high performance for Commonwealth (African/Asian) routes, but the larger Super VC10 was a success with American passengers on the North Atlantic and was profitable.

title: British Eagle

text: In mid-1968, BOAC applied to the ATLB seeking revocation of British Eagle's Caribbean charter licence due to alleged irregularities in the conduct of the tour services. BOAC's complaint included claims that British Eagle was abusing the terms and conditions of its inclusive tour licence by promoting services as if they were scheduled services. The ATLB found in BOAC's favour and revoked British Eagle's Caribbean licence at the end of the summer season. To circumvent UK regulatory restrictions, the airline proposed to replace its IT flights between the UK and the Caribbean with a scheduled service between Nassau and Luxembourg through its Bahamian subsidiary, Eagle International Airlines (Bahamas), as the ATLB's and BOT's jurisdiction did not extend beyond the UK.

title: British Eagle

text: BOAC countered Eagle's move to establish itself as a full-fledged scheduled transatlantic competitor on its Heathrow—JFK flagship route by forming BOAC-Cunard as a new £30 million joint venture with Cunard Steamship Co. BOAC contributed 70% of the new company's capital and eight Boeing 707s. Cunard Eagle's long-haul scheduled operation — including the two new 707s — was absorbed into BOAC-Cunard before delivery of the second 707, in June 1962. BOAC-Cunard leased any spare aircraft capacity to BOAC to augment the BOAC mainline fleet at peak times. As part of this deal, BOAC-Cunard also bought flying hours from BOAC for using the latter's aircraft in the event of capacity shortfalls. This maximised combined fleet utilisation. The joint fleet use agreement did not cover Cunard Eagle's European scheduled, trooping and charter operations.

title: Boac, Marinduque

text: The closest town-to-town reference to Boac is the municipality of Mogpog which is approximately 5 kilometers. Boac is connected to Mogpog and Gasan by the Marinduque Circumferential Highway or the Pan-Marinduque Highway. Two bridges connect the north and south area of the municipality: the narrow Tabi Bridge which connects Brgy. Tabi and Brgy. San Miguel and the said-to-be the longest bridge in the province, Biglang Awa Bridge (186m), which connects Brgy. Tampus and Brgy. Bantad. A narrow minor road connects Boac and Mogpog via Buliasnin-Nangka Road, and Boac and Gasan via Duyay-Tapuyan Trail. Boac has a total road network of 117.61 kilometers.

title: Aden Airways

text: In 1947, a proposal to form an airline in Aden using a pair of Bristol Wayfarers did not materialize. An engineering base was established by BOAC in Asmara, Eritrea, in January 1948 as part of BOACs No.5 Line, which was centered on Aden and served Cairo, Nairobi and the Red Sea area. On 7 March 1949, Aden Airways Ltd was established as a wholly owned subsidiary of BOAC. A fleet of six BOAC Douglas DC-3 aircraft were based at Aden and these were taken over by Aden Airways. Operations commenced on 1 October 1949 with the aircraft operating under their United Kingdom (G-) registrations. On 1 February 1950, the aircraft were placed on the Aden (VR-A) register.

title: Vickers V-1000

text: BOAC declared that they were perfectly happy with the Britannia for their trans-Atlantic routes, and would remain so until an enlarged de Havilland Comet 4 arrived in a few years. In the end, BOAC's decision would quickly be reversed when it became clear that their competitors were going to enter the jet age before them. The VC7 had been cancelled by this point, and a study demonstrated it would be too costly to restart the line. Instead, BOAC ordered the Boeing 707 in October 1956, ironically in a special model to be powered by the Conway. Contrary to BOAC's worries, the Conway proved to have an almost flawless development cycle, and on several occasions outstripped the development of the models it was meant to power.

title: British Overseas Airways Corporation

text: After its first six Lockheed 049 Constellations, BOAC had to use some ingenuity to increase its Constellation fleet. In 1947, Aerlínte Éireann in Ireland bought five new Lockheed 749 Constellations, and prepared to launch a transatlantic service with assistance and crew-training from Captains O.P. Jones and J.C. Kelly-Rogers of BOAC. The project was abandoned in February 1948, and BOAC were able to buy the almost new 749s without dollar expenditure four months later. This enabled BOAC to serve Australia with Constellations from 1949. A total of 25 Constellations passed through the BOAC fleet, including 12 749As obtained from Capital Airlines in the mid-1950s, with BOAC's older 049s in part exchange.

title: Giles Guthrie

text: He announced in May 1968 that he did not wish to be re-appointed for a second five-year term as chairman and chief executive of BOAC, relinquishing his BOAC appointment and related board positions at the end of 1968. BOAC had made £62 million in profits since 1964 and generated cash reserves of almost £80 million at the time of his announcement. Guthrie, when interviewed in "The Times" days before his formal resignation, explained that the airline had public dividend capital of £50 million, the government loan capital of £30 million and £61 million in cash reserves, and with an expected profit of £12 million to £15 million in 1968–1969, BOAC's finances would be almost exactly where he had intended them to be when he took up his role in 1964; he wanted £80 million in capital and £80 million in reserves at the end of the five-year period running from 1964 to 1968. He also indicated the problems inherent with the separate BOAC and BEA structures during this interview, something that would be resolved when BOAC and BEA merged to form British Airways in March 1974.

title: Ghana Airways

text: Ghana Airways was founded on 4 July 1958 by the government of Ghana with start up capital of ₤400,000; the government holding a 60 percent stake, with BOAC holding the remainder. When the company was founded, a seven-year agreement between the airline and BOAC was signed, which saw BOAC personnel being seconded to Accra, and Ghanaian personnel being trained in order for them to take over management and operation of the airline. Prior to the foundation of the company, BOAC and West African Airways Corporation were responsible for international services from Ghana, operating pool services from West Africa to London. For their initial operations, Ghana Airways joined the pool services, when BOAC began operating the Accra–London route on 16 July 1958 with a Boeing 377 Stratocruiser, with the aircraft being operated with the Ghanaian flag and in a livery minimally adapted from that of the UK carrier. The airline's relationship with West African Airways ceased on 30 September, and on 1 October they began operating the domestic and regional flights formerly offered by WAAC . The airline's first aircraft, and hence the first aircraft to be registered in Ghana since the nation became independent, was a de Havilland Heron delivered on 30 December. At the end of the airline's first year of operation they had made a net profit of US$28,000.

title: 1954 BOAC Lockheed Constellation crash

text: The inquiry criticised the airport fire unit's lack of equipment and the efforts it made to rescue the passengers in the six- to eight-minute period after the aircraft came to rest, when many were probably still alive. It did not censure the aircraft crew but did not commend their actions either, noting they were suffering from shock and the darkness and fumes.

title: 1956 Kano Airport BOAC Argonaut crash

text: The 1956 Kano Airport BOAC Argonaut crash occurred on 24 June 1956 when a British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) four-engined Canadair C-4 Argonaut airliner registered "G-ALHE" crashed into a tree on departure from Kano Airport in Nigeria, three crew and 29 passengers were killed.

title: British Overseas Airways Corporation

text: BOAC-Cunard leased any spare capacity to BOAC which could use it to supplement the main BOAC fleet at peak demand, and in a reciprocal arrangement BOAC would provide capacity to BOAC-Cunard on some operations when it had a shortfall.

title: Matthew Slattery

text:
Slattery took over as chairman of the state owned carrier BOAC on 29 July 1960, after Gerard d'Erlanger stood down from the role to return to his other business interests. Slattery served as chairman on a full-time basis unlike d'Erlanger, who held the position on a part-time basis. The appointment to BOAC ended Slattery's 12 years with Shorts, he was replaced as chairman by his predecessor as Bristol Aircraft chairman, Cyril Uwins. Slattery also joined the Airworthiness Requirements Board around the time of his appointment with BOAC.
Slattery retained Basil Smallpeice as managing director, and the duo set about cutting costs at the airline as the deterioration which had begun under d'Erlanger's tenure continued. BOAC would incur significant losses in 1961 and 1962 amidst decreasing passenger loadings, comparatively high maintenance costs and ongoing payments to Vickers for the VC10 orders.

title: East African Airways

text: In early 1957, services to the United Kingdom were launched on a once-weekly basis, at first operated by BOAC on EAA's behalf and then in EAA's own right with ex-BOAC Argonauts. This tourist-class service had low load factors when it was started, as it competed with same-fare BOAC Britannias and Viscounts. Also in early 1957, the Nairobi–Aden route was started; in mid-September the same year the route was extended farther east, from Aden to Bombay via Karachi, and Argonauts were also deployed on it.

title: Basil Smallpeice

text: He spoke to Harold Howitt when he was thinking of leaving the BTC and was informed that Miles Thomas needed an experienced accountant to institute strict financial controls at BOAC. Smallpeice would turn down the role initially, fearing BOAC (also state owned) would be similar to the BTC in terms of culture and manageability. Howitt pressed Smallpeice to reconsider and following a meeting a few days with Miles Thomas and he accepted the position at BOAC, which was tailored to the role he and Miles Thomas desired he have within the company.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: Bloody Biscay: The History of V Gruppe/Kampfgeschwader 40 by Christopher H. Goss revealed one of the most detailed versions of the attack. The book states that BOAC Flight 777 was not intentionally targeted and was shot down when it was mistaken for an Allied military aircraft. The account is composed of the author's analysis of events and interviews, conducted decades after the war ended, with some of the German pilots involved in the attack.[5]

title: Seaplane

text:
The largest flying boat of the war was the Blohm & Voss BV 238, which was also the heaviest plane to fly during World War II and the largest aircraft built and flown by any of the Axis Powers.
In November 1939, IAL was restructured into three separate companies: British European Airways, British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), and British South American Airways (which merged with BOAC in 1949), with the change being made official on 1 April 1940. BOAC continued to operate flying-boat services from the (slightly) safer confines of Poole Harbour during wartime, returning to Southampton in 1947. When Italy entered the war in June 1940, the Mediterranean was closed to Allied planes and BOAC and Qantas operated the Horseshoe Route between Durban and Sydney using Short Empire flying boats.

title: BOAC Flight 777

text: When war broke out in Europe, the British Air Ministry prohibited private flying and most domestic air services. Imperial Airways and British Airways Ltd, in the process of being merged and nationalised as BOAC, were evacuated from Croydon Aerodrome and Heston Aerodrome to Whitchurch Airport, outside Bristol. After the fall of Norway, and the entry of the Netherlands, Belgium, France, and Italy into the war, only neutral Sweden, Ireland, and Portugal remained as European destinations for BOAC (the US was just within range of BOAC's Empire flying boats by refuelling in Newfoundland). Over the UK, civil aircraft were restricted to between 1,000 feet (300m) and 3,000 feet (910m) and could fly only during daylight to ease identification. The British government also restricted flights to diplomats, military personnel, VIPs, and those with government approval.[1]

title: De Havilland Flamingo

text: Early in 1940 BOAC ordered eight aircraft to be powered by the Perseus XVI and originally intended as ten-seaters. The first BOAC aircraft was delivered to Whitchurch on 5 September 1940. The second BOAC aircraft was impressed by the Air Ministry and allocated for Admiralty use at RNAS Donibristle. To replace the impressed aircraft BOAC were later allotted the aircraft ordered by the Egyptian Government. After a period of training all the BOAC Flamingos were moved to Cairo to operate in the Middle East. The BOAC aircraft were named after English Kings and were named "K-class" by the airline.

title: Skyways Limited

text: In 1959, Skyways leased four Lockheed Constellation airliners from BOAC. These replaced Hermes on the London—Singapore scheduled freight service Skyways operated on behalf of BOAC. This was the year Skyways embarked upon a major expansion in the Caribbean, following its acquisition of an 80% stake in Bahamas Airways from BOAC. Skyways allocated two Hermes aircraft with completely refurbished interiors to its new joint venture, the renamed "Skyways (Bahamas) Ltd". However, these did not appeal to the largely US-based clientele of Bahamas Airways, and stiff competition from Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) between Nassau, Fort Lauderdale, Miami and West Palm Beach resulted in few passengers and mounting losses. As this situation had become untenable, Skyways's holding company, Eric Rylands Ltd, decided to sell back to BOAC its shares in Bahamas Airways. That year, Skyways also launched scheduled passenger services between London Heathrow and Tunis, utilising the refurbished Hermes aircraft that had originally been allocated to the unsuccessful joint venture in the Bahamas. This was furthermore the time London's premier airport became the airline's main operating base. Although the airline's Yorks were by then nearing the end of their service lives, they were still kept busy ferrying spare parts around the world on behalf of BOAC and Pan Am.

title: Wake Island Airfield

text: British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC, which subsequently became British Airways) also used Wake Island as a refueling stop. During the late 1950s, BOAC operated Bristol Britannia turboprop aircraft on their twice a week westbound service between the U.K. and Asia via the U.S. The routing of these flights was London-New York-San Francisco-Honolulu-Wake Island-Tokyo-Hong Kong. The Wake Island stop was discontinued when BOAC replaced the Britannia propjet with Boeing 707 aircraft on the same route as part of their around the world services.

title: British Overseas Airways Corporation

text: Since 1941, the advanced pressurised Lockheed Constellation had been under development, and in 1946 BOAC was permitted to use dollars to purchase an initial fleet of five for the prestigious North Atlantic route (there were no equivalent British types available). Throughout the whole of BOAC's existence, the argument over buying American or (often delayed) British products continued, and Parliament, the press, British manufacturers and the unions accused BOAC management of only wanting American aircraft. Whilst the major world airlines abandoned flying-boats at the end of WWII, BOAC continued with theirs until 1950, and even introduced the new Short Solent on the leisurely Nile route to South Africa. In 1948, the unpressurised Yorks were still operating passenger services as far afield as Nairobi (Kenya), Accra (Gold Coast, later Ghana), Delhi and Calcutta (India), and the type continued to operate freight schedules until late 1957.[4]

title: BOAC Flight 781

text: Gerry Bull, a former BOAC engineer, said that when he inspected the aircraft in Rome he looked for "incidental damage", and as he did not find any, he believed the Comet was fit for flight. Bull and the same team of engineers later examined South African Airways Flight 201 before its final flight.


query: Is Witches of East End based on a movie?

title: Witches of East End (TV series)

text: Witches of East End is an American television series based on the book of the same name by Melissa de la Cruz.[1] The series premiered on Lifetime on October 6, 2013.[2] Set in the fictional seaside town of East End, it follows the lives of a family of witches – Joanna Beauchamp (Julia Ormond) and her two grown-up daughters, Freya Beauchamp (Jenna Dewan Tatum) and Ingrid Beauchamp (Rachel Boston), as well as her sister Wendy Beauchamp (Mädchen Amick).

title: Witches of East End (TV series)

text: Witches of East End premiered in the United Kingdom on November 5, 2013 on the second night of the newly formed UK channel, Lifetime UK.[45] The second season premiered on August 25, 2014. In Australia, Witches of East End premiered on Eleven on August 4, 2014.[46]

title: Wicked Witch of the West

text: In the 1939 version of "The Wizard of Oz", Margaret Hamilton plays the Wicked Witch of the West as a green-skinned witch dressed in a long black dress with a black pointed hat. She does not wear an eye-patch like in the novel. This representation of the Wicked Witch has become a standard for what witches resemble and an archetype of human wickedness. While this relationship is not mentioned in Baum's books, in the movie, the Witch is the sister of the Wicked Witch of the East. The movie makes her even more of a primary antagonist, and consequently she appears in the film much earlier (and more often), than in Baum's original novel. She demands the Munchkins reveal who killed her sister, not long after Dorothy's arrival in Oz. She is described by Glinda the Good Witch of the North, not the South as in the book, as "worse than the other one". She actively seeks revenge against Dorothy for killing her sister, even though it was "accidental". However, as soon as the Witch is reminded of the ruby slippers, all interest in her sister's death vanishes and all she cares about are obtaining "her" slippers, which will enable her to conquer Oz. She is more menacing than her literary counterpart, making Dorothy too afraid to ever lose her temper with the Witch. She makes sure that Dorothy knows her power when Dorothy meets the Scarecrow by throwing a ball of fire at them. Before Dorothy and her friends get to the city, the Witch casts a sleeping spell over a field of poppies through which the group must pass. Glinda remotely counteracts the spell with a snowfall. The Wicked Witch then flies on her broom over the Emerald City, demanding that the citizens of the Emerald City surrender Dorothy to her, and the Wizard demands the destruction of the Witch, with her broom as proof, in exchange for granting the wishes of Dorothy and her companions. Unlike Baum's original depiction, the Wicked Witch sends the Winged Monkeys as the first wave of attack. The Golden Cap is not mentioned but, after the failure of her poppy spell, the Witch does hold and then angrily cast away a costume piece that could be considered the cap (It greatly resembles the Cap in depicted in W. W. Denslow's original illustrations for "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz") and was mentioned as her "wishing cap" in the original shooting script. She is killed when Dorothy throws a bucket of water on her, in attempt to put out a fire the witch bestowed on the Scarecrow. In the novel, Dorothy simply throws it on her in a fit of anger. There is no prior mention of the Wicked Witch's vulnerability to water in the movie, save for a split-second before the water actually douses her when she screams "Don't touch that water!" (this line does not appear in the film's shooting script). After the Wicked Witch of the West is dead, her soldiers are glad to be free of her power, and quote "Hail to Dorothy! The Wicked Witch is dead!" The character ranks No. 4 in the American Film Institute's list of the 50 Best Movie Villains of All Time, making her the highest ranking female villain, as well as placing 90th on "Empire" magazine's "100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time".

title: Scarabus

text: The "witch" on the cover comes from an adaptation of the movie poster for the 1976 horror film The Witch Who Came from the Sea, which itself was based on an older Frank Frazetta painting.Side 1

title: Witches of East End (season 2)

text: The second and final season of Witches of East End premiered on July 6, 2014 and concluded on October 5, 2014. It consisted of 13 episodes, each running 40–45 minutes approx. The series is based loosely on the book of the same by Melissa de la Cruz. The story takes place in East End focusing on a family of witches, led by Joanna Beauchamp (Julia Ormond). This season aired on Sundays at 9pm, followed by the new series "The Lottery", and averaged 1.13 million viewers. On November 4, 2014, Lifetime cancelled "Witches of East End" due to low ratings in the second season.On November 22, 2013, "Witches of East End" was renewed by Lifetime for a 13-episode second season, which premiered on July 6, 2014. Christian Cooke joined this season as a series regular. James Marsters and Bianca Lawson guest starred this season, (Marsters guest starred as Tarkoff, an old friend of Joanna's; while Lawson played Eva, a mysterious woman who has a connection to Killian).

title: Wicked Witch of the East

text: The Wicked Witch of the East was believed to be more powerful than the Good Witch of the North, but not as powerful as Glinda, the Good Witch of the South. She also appeared to be more powerful than Mombi, the Wicked Witch of the North, as the Good Witch of the North was able to defeat Mombi, but was powerless to overthrow the witch of the east and free the Munchkins.

title: List of Witches of East End episodes

text: "Witches of East End" is an American television series loosely based on the book series of the same name by Melissa de la Cruz and developed by Maggie Friedman. In the United States, it premiered on Lifetime on October 6, 2013 and ended on October 5, 2014, with 23 episodes. "Witches of East End" follows the lives of a family of witches – Joanna Beauchamp (Julia Ormond) and her two grown-up daughters, Freya Beauchamp (Jenna Dewan Tatum) and Ingrid Beauchamp (Rachel Boston), as well as her sister Wendy Beauchamp (Mädchen Amick).

title: Witches of East End (TV series)

text: Critical reaction to Witches of East End has been mixed, with a score of 50 on Metacritic[30] and 70% for the first season on Rotten Tomatoes[31] with a consensus saying "Although it's ridiculously soapy, Witches of East End is often campy fun; it's a supernatural spectacle that's entertaining despite its silliness."

title: Good Witch of the North

text: Both Gregory Maguire's 1995 revisionist novel "" and the musical "Wicked" (based on the book), follow the model of the 1939 movie in giving the name "Glinda" to the character who grows up to become The Good Witch of the North. See the article on Glinda the Good Witch for more information on this character.

title: Catherine Bell (actress)

text: Bell played the role of Cassandra "Cassie" Nightingale, the main character of Hallmark's "The Good Witch" (2008), and its sequels "The Good Witch's Garden" (2009), "The Good Witch's Gift" (2010), "The Good Witch's Family" (2011), "The Good Witch's Charm" (2012), "The Good Witch's Destiny" (2013), and "The Good Witch's Wonder" (2014). She was also a co-executive producer of all of the movies. She also starred in another Hallmark movie titled "Last Man Standing".

title: Witches of East End

text: Witches of East End is a 2011 novel by author Melissa de la Cruz and the first entry in her "Beauchamp Family" series. It was published on June 21, 2011, by Hyperion Books and follows a family of Long Island witches struggling against dark forces conspiring against them. "Witches of East End" is de la Cruz's first adult novel; she said she wrote it with her Blue Bloods audience in mind because "many of them will soon be adults" and the book takes place in the same universe as the "Blue Bloods" series. The novel currently has two sequels: "Serpent's Kiss" (2012) and "Winds of Salem" (2013).

title: Witches of East End

text: A television series adaptation, "Witches of East End", debuted October 6, 2013, on Lifetime.

title: Land of Oz

text: At the time of "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", the lands in the North, South, East and West of Oz are each ruled by a Witch. The Witches of the North and South are good, while the Witches of the East and West are wicked. Glinda (the Good Witch of the South) is later revealed to be the most powerful of the four, although later Oz books reveal that the Wicked Witch of the West was so powerful, even Glinda feared her. After Dorothy's house crushes the Wicked Witch of the East, thereby liberating the Munchkins from bondage, the Good Witch of the North tells Dorothy that she (the Witch of the North) is not as powerful as the Wicked Witch of the East had been, or she would have freed the Munchkins herself.

title: List of Witches of East End characters

text: The following is a list of characters from the Lifetime supernatural drama, "Witches of East End", based on the book of the same name by Melissa de la Cruz. The series centers on a family of immortal witches known as the Beauchamps: Joanna by Julia Ormond and her daughters Freya by Jenna Dewan-Tatum and Ingrid by Rachel Boston, as well as her sister Wendy by Mädchen Amick.

title: Witches of East End (TV series)

text: Witches of East End premiered on a Sunday night to 1.93 million viewers and a 0.7 18-49 rating.[40] The premiere rated on par to the June 23 premiere of Lifetime's other new show Devious Maids, however, Witches of East End faced a lot of tough competition and ended the night being the number two scripted drama on cable, behind Boardwalk Empire on HBO.

title: Witches of East End (season 1)

text: The first season of Witches of East End premiered on October 6, 2013 and concluded on December 15, 2013. It consisted of 10 episodes, each running 40–45 minutes approx. The series is based loosely on the book of the same name by Melissa de la Cruz. The story takes place in East End focusing on a family of witches, led by Joanna Beauchamp (Julia Ormond). This season aired on Sundays at 10pm, following the fifth season of "Drop Dead Diva", and averaged 1.67 million viewers.

title: Lifetime (UK and Irish TV channel)

text: Programmes that air on the channel include "The Client List", "Damages", "Witches of East End", the Lifetime US original movie "Liz & Dick" and an original series called "The Proposers".

title: Witches of East End (TV series)

text: Lori Rackl of Chicago Sun-Times[32] described the show as a "Soapy, silly adaptation of Melissa de la Cruz's best-seller." Matthew Gilbert of Boston Globe[33] reviewed the show saying "[It] will remain a missable new supernatural series populated by wooden actors and feeble plotlines." Matt Roush of TV Guide[34] summed up his review saying "Whatever the opposite of spellbinding is, that's this show." Diane Werts of Newsday gave the show a more positive review, saying "What's utterly clear is that the starter hour picks up steam whenever loose-cannon Amick bops around -- although Ormond does a nice job of grounding its shenanigans in a semblance of reality." She finishes her review giving the pilot a B rating.[35] Allison Keene from The Hollywood Reporter also praised the premiere, claiming "Witches of East End is up against a number of other supernatural shows, and there becomes a question of saturation. Fortunately or unfortunately, we aren't at that point, yet. It seems there's plenty more room at the table, and there, Witches of East End currently looks like the most fun."[36] Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times also gave the show a glowing review, starting off by negatively reviewing the "humorless" witches on shows such as the 2013 debuts of Sleepy Hollow and The Originals, then going on to say Witches of East End is a welcome relief to those series. He further applauds the casting and characters, saying "thanks to zippy repartee among the stars. Ms. Amick is hilarious, and Ms. Dewan Tatum and Ms. Boston make a pretty amusing pair of mismatched sisters." He ends the review with "there is a lot of heavy fare on television on Sunday nights. If Witches can retain its wry tone, it will be a satisfying alternative for viewers looking for a lighter way to end the weekend."[37] Lily Moayeri of Under the Radar[38] compared the show with Charmed saying "Witch-themed shows work better when both the witches and the target audience are teenagers. The grown-up witches on Witches of East End are just a little too ridiculous-even more so than the witch sister trio of Charmed."

title: Munchkin Country

text: In Gregory Maguire's novels, "" and "Son of a Witch" (which use "Munchkinland"), the characters are not all Munchkins, and so they are actually called Munchkinlanders. In these books (unlike the more famous movie), Munchkins are generally shorter than average height, though the more powerful families, as Frexspar said, "married into some height along the way." Maguire portrays Munchkinland as the corn belt of Oz. Munchkinland is also shown to be the native home of Elphaba, or the Wicked Witch of the West, and her younger sister Nessarose (although in the novel, they grew up in Quadling Country). In the Broadway musical "Wicked", based on the novel, their father is the governor of Munchkinland. In both adaptations, Nessarose eventually comes to power but her corrupt rule earns her loathing by the Munchkinlanders and the name, "Wicked Witch of the East".

title: Witches of East End (TV series)

text: On July 19, 2012, it was announced that Lifetime had ordered a pilot for Witches of East End for its 2013 season, and that the show would be executive-produced by both Maggie Friedman and Erwin Stoff, and produced by Fox 21.[9] On January 31, 2013, it was revealed that Lifetime had picked up Witches of East End with ten episodes and that it was scheduled to premiere later that year.[10][11][12] The executive VP of programming for Lifetime Networks, Rob Sharenow, said "We've been thrilled about Witches of East End and its powerful premise since the moment we bought the property, and our friends at Fox 21 helped develop it for television. This is one of the most exciting ensemble casts we've seen and the whole show is fresh, original and just right for Lifetime."[13]

title: List of Witches of East End episodes

text: For its first season, "Witches of East End" aired on Sunday nights at 10:00 pm and averaged 1.67 million viewers. For its second season, the show moved up to the 9:00 pm timeslot on Sundays and averaged 1.13 million viewers. On November 4, 2014, Lifetime cancelled "Witches of East End" due to low ratings in the second season.

title: Glinda the Good Witch

text: "Emerald City" also have another witch half based on the Witch of the South, named Mother South, that is a cardinal witch together with her daughters Glinda, West and East. Mother South gave birth to all of the witches in Oz, over a thousand years ago.

title: Land of Oz

text: There are many other small differences between the books and the movie. For example, when Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland the Munchkins are seen wearing colorful costumes, but in the book Munchkins are said to only wear blue as blue is the official dominant color of the east. The first witch Dorothy meets in Oz in the book is the Good Witch of the North, a minor character that only had one other appearance in Baum's books but is an important figure of Oz nonetheless. In the movie this character is conflated with that of Glinda, who is the Good Witch of the South and does not make an appearance until the very end of Baum's story. The character of Glinda in the books dresses in all white silk, as white is the traditional color for good witches, whereas in the film she is seen in pink.

title: Witches of East End (TV series)

text: The series stars Julia Ormond as lead character Joanna Beauchamp, a witch and mother of Freya Beauchamp (Jenna Dewan) and Ingrid Beauchamp (Rachel Boston), who are part of the next generation of witches. Mädchen Amick co-stars as Joanna's mischievous witch sister Wendy Beauchamp. The series is loosely based on the book's plot, with one change being that Freya and Ingrid are initially unaware of their magical powers.[8]

title: Land of Oz

text: The Wicked Witch of the West also changes significantly between books and movie. In the books no mention is ever made of her skin color, whereas in the movie she is green without explanation, although the Winkies she has enslaved and turned into soldiers are also green. In the book it is implied but not stated that she dresses in yellow, as yellow is the official dominant color of the Winkie Country where she rules, whereas in the movie she dresses entirely in black. In the book she is portrayed as having only one eye, which is so powerful it could see distant objects like a telescope, but in the movie she uses a crystal ball to watch Dorothy and her friends from afar. The 1939 MGM film makes the first reference to The Witches of the East and West being sisters, which was not the case in the book; none of the Witches in Baum's Oz are related.

title: Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens

text: In January, 2016, the official website for Andre Norton announced that the Estate has entered into a deal to turn the first two "Witch World" novels into a movie. The announcement included a statement from the film's producers, Kirin Media Ventures, stating "The Producers are happy to announce that they have developed a new "Witch World" script that they are very excited about, written by award-winning screenwriters Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens ("Janissaries, Star Trek: Enterprise"). This script forms the basis of the first movie in a new film trilogy based on the classic "Witch World" book series by Andre."

title: Witches of East End (TV series)

text: On November 22, 2013, Lifetime renewed Witches of East End for a second season to consist of 13 episodes,[3] which premiered on July 6, 2014.[4] On November 4, 2014, Lifetime cancelled Witches of East End after a decline in ratings during the second season.[5][6][7] The series finale aired on October 5, 2014.[5]

title: Good Witch (TV series)

text: Good Witch is an American / Canadian fantasy comedy-drama television series that is based on the TV movie series of the same name, produced by Whizbang Films in association with ITV Studios and the Hallmark Channel. Catherine Bell, who played Cassie Nightingale, the "Good Witch" in the movie series, both co-produces and stars in the series.

title: Bell Witch: The Movie

text: Bell Witch: The Movie (also known under the working title Tennessee 1) is a 2007 horror film. It is based on The Bell Witch legend and stars Betsy Palmer as the voice of the Bell Witch. It was scheduled for direct-to-video release on September 1, 2007.

title: Good Witch of the North

text: In the classic 1939 MGM movie "The Wizard of Oz", the Good Witch of the North is called Glinda, which is the name of the Good Witch of the South in the Oz novels. In the movie, Glinda the Good Witch of the North, portrayed by Billie Burke, is only slightly matronly and quite beautiful, and in addition to meeting Dorothy on her arrival in Oz, she also supervises her progress on her journey to the Wizard and helps her find her way back to Kansas at the end of the story. She wears a coral pink ball gown with a matching crown and carries a long magic wand with a glittering star on the tip. Although the existence of a "Good Witch of the South" is implied by the cardinal point names of Glinda and the other two witches, the film makes no direct reference to such a character.