query: When was manga first invented?

title: History of manga

text: The history of manga is said to originate from scrolls dating back to the 12th century, and it is believed they represent the basis for the right-to-left reading style. The word first came into common usage in the late 18th century. Manga is a Japanese term that can be translated as "comic"; Historians and writers on manga history have described two broad and complementary processes shaping modern manga. Their views differ in the relative importance they attribute to the role of cultural and historical events following World War II versus the role of pre-war, Meiji, and pre-Meiji Japanese culture and art.

title: Bruno Ecuele Manga

text:
In summer transfer window of 2010, he joined FC Lorient for worth €2.5 million, and became a first team regular in Ligue 1 as a replacement for Laurent Koscielny who left Lorient for Arsenal.
Ecuele Manga made his Lorient debut in the opening game of the season, making his first start, in a 2–2 draw against Auxerre. Soon after making his first team appearance, Ecuele Manga was soon sidelined after injuring his hamstring in training that caused him to miss two matches in late-November. That soon happen again in mid-February when he injured his thigh. After making his return in a 3–3 draw against Arles-Avignon on 12 March 2011, Ecuele Manga then scored his first Lorient goal, in a 3–1 loss against Montpellier on 11 May 2011. In his first season at Lorient, Ecuele Manga scored once in thirty-one appearance for the club.

title: Gunslinger Girl

text: When ADV Manga was formed in 2003, the "Gunslinger Girl" manga series was one of the first titles the new branch of ADV Films licensed for an English language release in North America. The first volume was released on November 18, 2003, with the next two volumes not released until 2005. At the 2005 AnimeNEXT convention, ADV representative David L. Williams said the slow schedule was due to ADV Manga feeling that they had rushed into the manga market in a period when it was too saturated with new manga titles. After the third volume was released that year, the series went on a two-year hiatus. Release of the series resumed in July 2007 with the publication of the fourth volume, and six volumes were released as of April 2008. On April 8, 2010, manga publisher Seven Seas Entertainment announced that it has licensed "Gunslinger Girl" and will be re-released, with a new translation and in omnibus format.

title: Manga Dogs

text: Kanna, a 15-year-old manga artist and also a pro who has debuted her manga "Teach Me Budda" is excited when she finds out that her school is offering a course in manga drawing. She is dismayed however, when her home-room teacher knows little of what she is doing and that there are few people in her class. On her first day she meets three boys' Fumio, Fujio, and Shota who find out that she is a pro by guessing and ask her to be their sensei. Making matters worse for Kanna her manga falls down in popularity ratings and she falls behind on her deadlines. Kanna wonders how she will be able to finish up her manga while having to deal with three delusional guys who want to be manga artists and retain her sanity.

title: Princess Princess (manga)

text: When there is a conflict between a Princess' work and school classes, absence from class or leaving early can be considered as a school vacation, and the absence will not show up on his attendance record. Every month the Princesses receive thirty school luncheon vouchers each. Therefore, when they eat at school, they do not have to pay. All necessary school supplies (notebooks, school apparel, etc.) are covered by the Princess budget, which is the largest in the whole school. Also, the Princesses will receive partial profit they can use as pocket money from the photography club that takes pictures of the Princesses and sells them to other students. The school rules require the photography club to share profits with whoever serves as model for the photos they sell, and the photographs of the Princesses are the most sought-after.The "Princess Princess" manga, written and illustrated by Mikiyo Tsuda, was first serialized in the manga magazine "Wings", with the first "tankōbon" volume being released at August 2002. The series was published by Shinshokan in five volumes. Once the first manga series ended, a sequel entitled "Princess Princess +" started serialization in the May 2006 issue of "Wings". The first manga series has been licensed by Digital Manga Publishing, with the first volume released in November 2006. Mikiyo has commented that "Wings" preferred her not to write it as a shōnen-ai series.

title: List of Genshiken characters

text: These characters were introduced in the Genshiken Nidaime manga, which is the continuation of Genshiken. The first volume of this manga is being numbered as volume 10, continuing the volume numbering left off when Genshiken ended its first run. There are four new members of Genshiken in the manga's relaunch, including Susanna Hopkins, one of Ohno's American friends.

title: First to file and first to invent

text: Invention in the U.S. is generally defined to comprise two steps: (1) conception of the invention and (2) reduction to practice of the invention. When an inventor conceives of an invention and "diligently" reduces the invention to practice (by filing a patent application, by practicing the invention, etc.), the inventor's date of invention will be the date of conception. Thus, provided an inventor is diligent in actually reducing an application to practice, he or she will be the first inventor and the inventor entitled to a patent, even if another files a patent application, constructively reducing the invention to practice, before the inventor.

title: Doraemon in Vietnam

text: Doraemon is an anime and manga written and illustrated by Fujiko F. Fujio, it was first published in December 1969 in Japan. The Doraemon franchise first appeared in Vietnam in 1992 when the Doraemon manga was published for the first time.

title: Gin Tama

title: Akazukin Chacha

text: The storylines of the manga and the anime adaptation are markedly different: while the anime uses most of the same characters, the story of the first two seasons were invented for the television show. Most of the stories in the third season are based on the manga.

title: Manga: The Complete Guide

text: Jason Thompson was a manga editor for Viz Media in 2000 when he first began wanting to craft a manga encyclopedia. At the time, there was little interest in publishing it, so Thompson remained at Viz. Thompson became the first editor in chief of the company's newly launched "Shonen Jump" manga anthology. The magazine was highly successful, but Thompson wanted to work on his own projects and stepped down after six issues when Viz declined his request to switch to part-time work. In 2005, Del Rey approached Thompson about his idea for a manga encyclopedia, reviving the project. It took two years to compile the book, and Thompson resigned from Viz to do so. The main difference between Thompson's original concept and the published version is that he originally intended the work to be organized by artist rather than title, and wanted to place more emphasis on manga's relationship to the more popular anime medium.

title: List of Gunslinger Girl chapters

text: When ADV Manga was formed in 2003, the "Gunslinger Girl" manga series was one of the first titles the new branch of ADV Films licensed for an English language release in North America. The first volume was released on November 18, 2003, with the next two volumes not released until 2005. At the 2005 AnimeNEXT convention, the ADV representative David L. Williams said the slow schedule was due to ADV Manga feeling the market was too saturated with new manga titles at the time and that they had rushed into the manga market. However, after the third volume was released that year, the series went on a two-year hiatus. The series was restarted in July 2007 with the publication of the fourth volume, and six volumes were released through April 2008. On April 8, 2010, manga publisher Seven Seas Entertainment announced that it has licensed Gunslinger Girl and will be re-released, with a new translation and in an omnibus format.

title: Crime and Punishment: A Falsified Romance

text: The manga is an adaptation of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's "Crime and Punishment" by Naoyuki Ochiai. It was serialized in Futabasha's manga magazine "Manga Action" from January 23, 2007 to March 15, 2011 and was collected into ten tankōbon volumes. The manga was licensed in North America by JManga and was one of its release titles when the website launched on August 17, 2011. JManga published the first five volumes before becoming defunct. The manga was also published in France by Delcourt (under the title "Syndrome 1866") and in Taiwan by Ever Glory Publishing.

title: List of Galaxy Angel characters

text:
In the Manga
She is the main character of the manga. She first meets Takuto Meyers when she accidentally falls and got her skirt caught which left her hanging upside down; fortunately for her, Takuto was there to help her down. Milfie was the one who invited Takuto to join them in their mission and she is the first person in the manga who openly trusts Takuto. Near the end of the manga, when Takuto asked Milfie how she felt when she found out that he was the one piloting the Sharp Shooter, he leans in to kiss her before she could even continue answering Takuto's question for her. In the manga of Galaxy Angel II, Milfie is the current gate keeper and is married to Takuto.

title: Dazzle (manga)

text: The manga version, written and illustrated by Minari Endoh, originally started serialization in the Japanese shōnen manga magazine "Monthly G Fantasy" on November 18, 1999, published by Square Enix, and ran in that magazine until June 28, 2002 when it was switched over to the shōjo manga magazine "Monthly Comic Zero Sum", published by Ichijinsha. Due to the publisher switch, the first three volumes that were out at the time were re-published by Ichijinsha and released on August 26, 2002. As of April 15, 2015, sixteen bound volumes have been released in Japan. The manga has been licensed by Tokyopop for English language distribution in North America, and the first volume was released on January 10, 2006. As of January 6, 2009, ten volumes have been released in English. The license was returned to the original publisher when Tokyopop closed its doors.

title: Afterschool Charisma

text: Deb Aoki, writing for About.com, enjoyed the "inventive premise" of the series, feeling that the use of historical figures added to the characterisation of the clones. Comic Book Bin's Leroy Douresseaux's first impression was of "a rather peculiar boarding school drama", but felt that the development of the story signalled the manga was about "more than teen angst", describing it as an "engrossing read". Katherine Dacey of Manga Critic felt the story had potential that hadn't "gelled yet" at the conclusion of the first volume.

title: Bruno Ecuele Manga

text: Ecuele Manga's second season with the club started when Ecuele Manga played as center-back in the first-twelve (including scoring his first goal of the season against Brest on 29 October 2011) until he was absence through injury and suspension. While on the sidelined, Ecuele Manga signed a contract with the club, keeping him until 2015. Ecuele Manga then made his return in early-December, in a 4–0 loss against Montpellier. On 17 March 2012, Ecuele Manga scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 win over Brest. Though scoring twice in thirty-two appearance in his second season, Ecuele Manga's agent announced that Ecuele Manga will stay at the club following a re–ignited interests from clubs around Europe.

title: Yudetamago

text: When they both graduated to Osaka Municipal Nanryo Middle School, they began collaborating on manga ideas. Their first was an action manga called ', but they then experimented with other genres, such as baseball, karate, and romance. At first they drew strictly on notebook paper, but in the 8th Grade they drew ' on art paper and won the Kintetsu Manga Award. At that time they went by the pen name , a fusion of their respective pen names at the time.

title: Hideaki Sorachi

text: Sorachi became interested in manga during his childhood. However, during the 4th grade he showed his manga work to his father who immediately laughed at him, after which he abandoned his dream of being a manga artist. After graduating from college, he could not find a job and began drawing manga again to make money. He was able to live from his first work "Dandelion", which was featured in the first volume of "Gintama", along with a prologue from Sorachi calling it his first official work. When starting serialization the manga was unpopular and was close to being cancelled. Although Sorachi was pleased with the first "tankōbon" selling all of its copies, he later learned Shueisha was afraid of poor sales which resulted in the minimum printed. In order to increase its popularity, the author introduce new characters, the Shinsengumi, who felt memorable to his assistants. Sorachi had little hope on the manga's popularity, as he noted that people used to tell him the manga would not surpass the number of two "tankōbon" volumes. However, once the third volume was released, Sorachi found that he did not have "any fresh material to use." During the first year of the series, Sorachi believed that the source of the popularity of "Gin Tama" was partially connected to the Shinsengumi drama. While the drama ran during the first year of the series, when the manga was mostly shorter stories that established the characters and the world, he felt uncomfortable of making things related to the drama. By the second year and beyond, he became more daring in his stories and concepts, creating longer storylines that included more drama while keeping his sense of humor and satirization of modern Japan by way of his fictionalized past. Although Sorachi has already planned the series' ending, he is not sure when the manga is going to reach that point due to the characters requiring development to behave the way he wants.

title: Three Leaves, Three Colors

text: Sansha San'yō began as a Japanese manga series by Cherry Arai and was first published in Manga Time Kirara 's February 2003 issue. The manga is serialized at Manga Time Kirara except between December 2003 to January 2007 when the manga is serialized at Manga Time Kirara Carat. The manga was serialized in fourteen tankōbon volumes.

title: Kare First Love

text: Written by Kaho Miyasaka, the first chapter of the "Kare First Love" manga premiered in the March 2002 issue of the bi-monthly magazine "Shōjo Comic". New chapters continued running until the August 2004 issue, when the series concluded. The series was published in 10 "tankōbon" volumes by Shogakukan between July 26, 2002 and December 20, 2004. The fourth and seventh volumes were made available in regular and special editions, with the fourth volume special edition including a postcard, and the seventh including a DVD containing a digital manga. The manga is licensed in North America by Viz Media which released the manga between September 7, 2004 and December 12, 2006. The manga is licensed in France by Panini Comics under its Génération Comics imprint, in Spain by Panini Comics, in Germany by Egmont Manga & Anime, in Denmark by Mangismo Danmark, in Sweden by Mangismo Sverige, and in Taiwan by Ever Glory Publishing.

title: List of Higurashi When They Cry chapters

text: Yen Press licensed the manga series at New York Comic Con 2008 under the title "Higurashi When They Cry" for release in English in North America. The manga was initially serialized in Yen Press' "Yen Plus" anthology magazine, the first issue of which went on sale on July 29, 2008. The first English volume of the manga was originally planned to be sold in early 2009, but was released in November 2008.

title: Masami Kurumada

text: Kurumada's first work was "Otoko Raku" , which earned him an award in a manga contest for aspiring manga artist, and became assistant to professional manga artists. Some time later, he debuted as a professional manga artist in 1974 with his manga "Sukeban Arashi", and achieved his first hit three years later when he started writing and drawing "Ring ni Kakero", which brought him recognition as a popular manga author, and lasted five years, and he considers it his favorite creation. A practicer of the martial arts in his younger days, the influence this has exerted on his various works is worthy of mention.

title: Higurashi When They Cry

text: There are eight main titles in the "Higurashi" manga series, spanning the four question arcs and the four answer arcs. Each question arc manga are compiled into two bound volumes. The first two answer arc manga are compiled into four volumes, meanwhile "Minagoroshi-hen" is compiled into six volumes, and "Matsuribayashi-hen" into eight. The manga uses multiple artists between the various arcs. Karin Suzuragi drew "Onikakushi-hen", "Tsumihoroboshi-hen", and "Matsuribayashi-hen", Yutori Hōjō drew "Watanagashi-hen" and "Meakashi-hen", Jirō Suzuki drew "Tatarigoroshi-hen", Yoshiki Tonogai drew "Himatsubushi-hen", and Hanase Momoyama drew "Minagoroshi-hen". Another manga entitled is drawn by Yuna Kagesaki and began in Kadokawa Shoten's "Comp Ace" on August 26, 2008. The manga series was licensed by Yen Press for English distribution in North America under the title "Higurashi: When They Cry". The manga was initially serialized in Yen Press' "Yen Plus" anthology magazine, the first issue of which went on sale on July 29, 2008. The first English volume of the manga was originally planned to be sold in early 2009, but was released in November 2008.

title: Chihayafuru

text:
"Chihayafuru" won the second Manga Taishō award, and the 35th Kodansha Manga Award in the shōjo manga category. When "Chihayafuru" won the Manga Taishō award, it was commented that the series combines elements of the sport genre and literary elements with a discerning eye on the subject matter. The manga had sold over 16 million copies in Japan as the first half of 2016,
and its popularity has boosted the popularity of competitive "karuta". The manga has regularly appeared on Oricon's Japanese Comic Ranking chart. Between March 2009 and September 2011, the fourth through fourteenth volumes all appeared in the top 25 during the week of their release and the week after.

title: Yusuke Murata

text: From 2008 to 2010, "Weekly Shōnen Jump" published once a month a chapter of "Hetappi Manga Kenkyūjo R" (lit. "Hetappi Manga Research Lab R"), Murata's remake of Akira Toriyama's "Hetappi Manga Kenkyūjo". It is a story about Saitou, a "Jump" editor based on Murata and Inagaki's own editor on "Eyeshield 21", who decides to become a manga artist and threatens Murata to teach him how to draw manga. A collected volume of the series was released by Shueisha on June 3, 2011. In 2012, Murata posted on Twitter a short story in the same universe in which Saitou pesters the Murata for his manuscript and it was well received for its inventive use of folded paper, cutouts and white-out to create a three-dimensional appearance for his comic.

title: Sgt. Frog

text: "Sgt. Frog" is published in Japan by Kadokawa Shoten, serialized in the magazine "Shōnen Ace", and was published in English by Tokyopop. The manga began its monthly run in the weekly shōnen magazine, "Shōnen Ace". The manga, first aimed at the older audience (teens/adults) from the first to the seventh volume, was toned down after the anime adaption started (since the TV series was a family show). However, the manga still maintains suggestive comedy that only the more mature audiences understand in present volumes. Tokyopop initially held the American rights to the "Sgt. Frog" manga until 2011 when the company ceased operations. By the time their publication ended, they had published 21 volumes. Their release of the manga have censored nipples drawn in some scenes, in order to get away from the OT (Older teen) rating and maintaining its Teen rating. Viz Media relicensed the manga for digital release on December 16, 2014.

title: Sola (manga)

text: The manga version of "Sola" was first serialized in the Japanese shōnen manga magazine "Dengeki Daioh", published by MediaWorks. On December 21, 2006, the prologue was published, and then the following month on January 20, 2007, the first chapter was serialized, which continued until February 21, 2008 when the final chapter was published. The story is adapted from Naoki Hisaya's original concept and illustrated by Chako Abeno. Two bound volumes were published under MediaWorks' "Dengeki Comics" label, the first on July 27, 2007, and the second on March 27, 2008. The manga was licensed for English language-distribution in the US by Broccoli Books; the first volume was released on June 18, 2008. The second volume was never released before Broccoli International USA was shut down.

title: Marimo Ragawa

text: Marimo Ragawa first started submitting manga to comic magazines when she was only 12 years old, which is when she was in 6th grade of elementary school. She continued to send her manga to the same magazine for four years, but a positive critical reception was yet to come. Ragawa then decided to switch to a different magazine. Surprisingly, her first submission to this magazine, "Hana to Yume", won a prize called the Top-prize (トップ賞). Two years later, she succeeded in achieving her debut with her first manga, "Time Limit".

title: Josei manga

text: Josei manga (then called "Ladies Comics", or "Redikomi") began to appear in the 1980s, during a boom period in manga, when the women who grew up reading shōjo manga in the 1950s and 60s wanted manga for adult women. The first ladies comic magazine, "Be-Love", was printed in 1980. At the end of 1980 there were two ladies comics magazines, at the end of 1989 there were over fifty. Early ladies comics were free of sexual content, and the comics became more and more sexually extreme until the early 1990s. Manga branded as "Ladies' Comics" has acquired a reputation for being low-brow, and "dirty", and the term josei was created to move away from that image.

title: Wotakoi: Love is Hard for Otaku

text: The manga's compiled book volumes have frequently ranked on Oricon. Volume 2 was ranked first, and has sold up to 208,765 copies in its first week. Volume 3 was ranked fourth, and has sold up to 209,102 copies in its first week. Volume 4 was ranked first, and has sold up to 283,523 copies in its first week. The manga has up to 4.2 million copies in print as of July 20, 2017. It manga was ranked first in the 2016 edition of "Kono Manga ga Sugoi!" (This Manga Is Amazing!) guidebook. The manga was ranked ninth in the "Zenkoku Shotenin ga Eranda Osusume Comic 2017" (Nationwide Bookstore Employees' Recommended Comics of 2017) poll on February 1, 2017. It was nominated for the 41st Kodansha Manga Award in the "Best General Manga" category. In September 2017, it won the "Web Manga General Election".


query: Where was Sir Anerood Jugnauth born?

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: Anerood Jugnauth was born at La Caverne, Vacoas Phoenix in a traditional Hindu Yadava [11] family and was brought up there. His grandfather had migrated to Mauritius from the Indian state of Bihar in the 1850s.[12] Brought up in a Bhojpuri medium, he had his primary education at Palma Primary School, where he learned creole, and had his secondary education at Regent College. He taught for some time at New Eton College and later worked as a clerk in the Poor Law Department for some time before being transferred to the Judicial Department. In 1951, he left Mauritius for the UK to study law. In 1964, he was elected Chairman of the Palma Village Council. He was first elected to parliament as an Independent Forward Block candidate in the constituency of Rivière du Rempart District in 1963. He served as a magistrate shortly after his resignation in 1966. In 1969, he was promoted to the Crown Law Office. In 1971, he was made Senior Crown Counsel.

title: Militant Socialist Movement

text: The MSM was founded in 1983 by Sir Anerood Jugnauth, who has been Prime Minister three times, for a total of sixteen years (1982-1995, 2000-2003, and again since 2014). He was also President from 2003 to 2012. He led the MSM from 1983 to 2003, when his son Pravind Jugnauth, officially assumed the leadership. Pravind Jugnauth served as Vice Prime Minister in his father's cabinet. Other members of the Jugnauth family have also been politically active, including Lall Jugnauth (a former Attorney General), Ashok Jugnauth (former Minister of Health) and Maya Hanoomanjee (also former Minister of Health).

title: History of Mauritius

text:
At the next elections in 2000, Sir Anerood Jugnauth's MSM, in coalition with Paul Bérenger's MMM was returned to power, with Sir Anerood Jugnauth QC appointed as prime minister. He subsequently retired as prime minister after 3 years and assumed the office of president. For the remaining time of the elected government the prime minister's post was filled by Paul Bérenger. At the 2005 general elections, the MLP-led Alliance Sociale coalition won the elections, and Dr. Navin Ramgoolam became prime minister while Sir Anerood Jugnauth QC remained the president. The 2010 general elections saw the victory of a MLP-MSM-PMSD coalition (known as "L'Alliance de l'Avenir") and the maintaining of Dr. Navin Ramgoolam as prime minister. A year or so later, Sir Anerood Jugnauth QC left the presidency and was replaced by Kailash Purryag, an attorney at law and politician, who has served the country as senior minister on many occasions under the leadership of Dr. Navin Ramgoolam.
The 2014 general elections saw the victory of a MSM-PMSD-ML coalition (known as "L'alliance Lepep") and Sir Aneerood Jugnauth became Prime Minister while Kailash Prayag remained the president until 2016 when Mrs Ameena Gureeb Fakim became the first female president.

title: Pravind Jugnauth

text: Pravind Jugnauth married Kobita Ramdanee in 1992 and is the father of three daughters: Sonika, Sonali and Sara. His father is Sir Anerood Jugnauth and his mother is Sarojini Ballah. His sister is Shalini Jugnauth Malhotra.

title: Prime Minister of Mauritius

text: The current Prime Minister of Mauritius, Pravind Jugnauth, leader of the MSM, was appointed by the President on 23 January 2017 following the resignation of coalition leader Sir Anerood Jugnauth who held the post following victory of his Alliance in the 2014 General Election. The official residence of the Prime Minister during his term in office is the Clarisse House, the Prime Minister's Office is located in Port Louis. The longest serving prime minister is Anerood Jugnauth who held the office for 18 years as Prime Minister.

title: Sarojini Jugnauth

text: Sarojini Ballah, The Right Honorable Lady Jugnauth (commonly known as Lady Sarojini Jugnauth), a former Spouse of the Prime Minister of Mauritius is the wife of Sir Anerood Jugnauth. She previously held the position from 1982 to 1995 and from 2000 to 2003, most recent from 2014 to 2017. She was the First Lady of Mauritius from 2003 to 2012 when her husband served as President of the country. She is a primary school teacher by profession and is the mother of Shalini Malhotra and Pravind Jugnauth.

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: In early 1999 when the Labor Party and MMM decided to end up their team, MMM became the opposition party and MLP formed the government.Sir Anerood Jugnauth then initiated the idea of the "Medpoint Deal"The MSM led by Anerood Jugnauth and MMM led by Paul Bérenger agreed that if they won the election Anerood Jugnauth would become Prime Minister. They agreed that after 3 years he would step down as Prime Minister to become the President of Mauritius with enhanced powers and Bérenger would become Prime Minister, the first non-Hindu to do so. The idea was both agreed by the MSM members and MMM members.It was agreed that Paul Berenger would remain Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance for 3 years up to 2003 and after that would take up the leadership of both parties becoming prime minister for the rest of the term thus up to 2005.He was prime minister for 21 months. They formed up the MSM/MMM in 2000.

title: Pravind Jugnauth

text: He is the only son of Sir Anerood Jugnauth and Sarojini Ballah. His candidacy for Parliamentary General Elections in Constituency No 9, Rose Belle and Vieux Grand Port in 2000 made him elected as Member of Parliament from there. He was appointed as Minister of Agriculture by President Uteem to serve in the cabinet. He served as Minister under the premiership of his father Anerood Jugnauth who became Prime Minister in 2000 after winning the elections with the MSM/MMM coalition.

title: Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (Mauritius)

text: Many Finance ministers have shaped the economy and brought about significant economic changes and benefits to the country working under the lead and guidance of their prime ministers. Vishnu Lutchminaraidoo was one of these Finance ministers from 1983 to 1991 in the cabinet of [Sir Anerood Jugnauth] where, he introduced ideas and policies developed by Jugnauth.

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: He was made Queen's Counsel in 1980 and was made a member of the Privy Council in 1983. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1988 when Mauritius was still one of the Queen's realms and the Queen was titular head of state. Therefore, he still uses his formal title of Sir Anerood and also the prefix used by Privy Councillors, The Right Honourable. His name is often abbreviated as 'SAJ' being the initials of Sir Anerood Jugnauth. He is currently one of the last Mauritian Knights of the United Kingdom and is the last Mauritian to be member of the Privy Council.

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: Due to the end of the mandate of Sir Anerood, two persons, Vice President (Angidi Chettiar) and himself were the two persons nominated to the Presidency. He was voted for by both governing members of parliament as well as opposition MPs. Jugnauth was elected to the ceremonial post of President in 2003. After five years in office, he was re-elected by the National Assembly in a unanimous vote on 19 September 2008, supported by both the government and the opposition.[27]

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: The outgoing prime minister, Navin Ramgoolam of the Mauritian Labor Party (PTr), led a coalition with Xavier Luc Duval, the leader of the Parti Mauricien Xavier Duval (PMXD). Duval was Minister of Finance in the previous government alliance formed in mid-1999. The other alliance was formed (for the fourth time) between Sir Anerood Jugnauth (MSM) and Paul Bérenger (MMM). The MSM sought to appeal to the Hindu community while the MMM tried to base its membership from across the spectrum in Mauritius.

title: History of Mauritius

text: In 1969, the Mouvement Militant Mauricien led by Paul Bérenger and Heeralall Bhugaloo emerged. The MMM won its first election in a by election of constituency No. 5 by electing Dev Virasawmy. Until 1982, Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam was prime minister, his Labour Party in coalition with Duval's PMSD. In 1982, the coalition of "Mouvement Militant Mauricien/Parti Socialiste Mauricien" came to power in a landslide electoral victory, with Sir Anerood Jugnauth QC as prime minister and Harish Boodhoo as the deputy prime minister. The coalition split in 1983, with Sir Anerood Jugnauth QC forming the "Mouvement Socialiste Mauricien" (MSM), which became the governing party, with Jugnauth as prime minister. Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam subsequently became governor-general.

title: MSM/MMM

text: The deal was to join the two leaders of the two parties. The MSM leader Sir Anerood Jugnauth & MMM leader Paul Berenger. As a misconception and with a battle for the leadership of the MSM after Sir Anerood retired, Pravind Jugnauth and Ashok Jugnauth both fought to become the party's next leader.At the end Ashock moved out and formed his own party namely National Union(UN) and went forward with Paul Berenger and formed the new alliance MMM/UN. In July 2005, the MSM/MMM coalition went together for general elections and became the opposition party, but in 2006 they ended the deal and MSM became alone party while MMM took hands with UN.

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: Sir Anerood along with Lady Jugnauth took over the keys of the Chateau of Reduit on 7 October 2003. His election to the presidency was largely approved by the entire population as it was considered to be the new era of Mauritian politics, allowing Paul Berenger to become prime minister who was the first person of a non-Hindu religion to become head of government.[25]

title: Mauritius

text: Anerood Jugnauth of the MSM returned to power in 2000 after making an alliance with the MMM. In 2002, the island of Rodrigues became an autonomous entity within the republic and was thus able to elect its own representatives to administer the island. In 2003, the prime ministership was transferred to Paul Bérenger of the MMM, and Anerood Jugnauth went to Le Réduit to serve as president. Berenger was the first Franco-Mauritian premier in the country's history. In 2005, Navin Ramgoolam and the Labour Party returned to power. Ramgoolam lost power in 2014. He was succeeded by Anerood Jugnauth.

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: He has also a commemorative golden Mauritian rupee coin issued by the Bank of Mauritius having his portrait on the obverse and a Dodo on the reverse. The inscriptions are "THE Rt HON SIR ANEROOD JUGNAUTH PC, QC, KCMG " and is followed by "MAURITIUS". It originally holds a value of Rs 1,000 but is sold as a collection piece at US$1,881.

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: Jugnauth in alliance with Paul Berenger became the kings of politics in the island.Seewoosagur Ramgoolam ruled over the house of parliament with only two seats over the others. The Independence Alliance occupied 36 seats while MMM became opposition with 34 seats. Anerood Jugnauth was appointed as Leader of Opposition and he remained to the place until next general elections in 1982.[17]

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: Sir Anerood Jugnauth GCSK, KCMG, QC, MP, PC (born 29 March 1930) is a Mauritian politician who has served as both President and Prime Minister of Mauritius. He is Member of Parliament for Piton & Riviere Du Rempart.

title: Ashok Jugnauth

text: He was trained and shaped by his elder brother and became member of the Militant Socialist Movement. He was appointed by Sir Anerood Jugnauth in 2000 after winning at the general elections.

title: Pravind Jugnauth

text: Born on 25 December 1961 in La Caverne, a suburb area in Vacoas-Phoenix, Mauritius, Jugnauth was born into a high class Hindu Yadav family. He was born to Anerood Jugnauth, a famous well known barrister who was the second prime minister of Mauritius and Sarojini Ballah, a school teacher form a well-off family. He has an elder sister, Shalini Jugnauth, married to Dr Kishan Malhotra.

title: MSM/MMM

text: He resigned in September 2003 and Berenger took office of Prime Minister and nominated Jugnauth as President. After one week, in the start of October, Sir Anerood Jugnauth became president and also head of state.

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: Jugnauth was a well known enemy of Navin Ramgoolam and his party, the Labour Party. In the 1987 elections, Sir Satcam Boolell, the leader of the Labour Party, did not approve the coalition between Jugnauth's MSM, Duval's PMSD and their parties. This led to their official break up in 1988 but 11 members of parliament continued to support the MSM and thus broke the Labour Party in two blocks.

title: Pravind Jugnauth

text: In 2010, the government decided to buy a hospital and to make it a specialized geriatric center. The cabinet of Ministers approved of buying the MedPoint private Clinic which was owned by Dr Kishan Malhotra and Mrs Shalini Devi Jugnauth Malhotra who is the sister of incumbent Minister of Finance Pravind Jugnauth and daughter of incumbent President Sir Anerood Jugnauth.

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: Anerood Jugnauth has been given much popularity as of 2011, he will be celebrating nearly 50 years as a known personality of the country. He is one of the only two Prime Ministers who served under Queen Elizabeth II and the pre-republic regime. There is one primary school in his former constituency, Riviere du Rempart under his name, known as SIR ANEROOD JUGNAUTH GOVERNMENT SCHOOL[35] situated in the north of the country.

title: Pravind Jugnauth

text:
While many politicians and observers see him as the prime minister in waiting due to Anerood Jugnauth's advanced age, the opposition claims that it would be blatantly undemocratic to appoint him as prime minister without going through the polls in the event that Jugnauth Sr. was not prime minister anymore. On 21 January, Aneerod Jugnauth announced that he will be resigning as Prime Minister as of 23 January, and that he will be succeeded by his son, Pravin Jugnauth.
The appointment of Pravin Jugnauth as Prime Minister by his father,Sir Aneerod Jugnauth, was pointed at as a form nepotism, where the father is favouring his son instead of consulting a pannel of experts or the general public. Even thought it is legal to do so, this law still remains controversial and is often a matter of debat, specially in the UK in the Westminister parliament,from which it is based on.

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: Anerood Jugnauth was first elected in the constituency No 14 of Riviere du Rempart[13] in 1963 in the National Legislative Assembly and was candidate of the Independent Forward Block.He remained member up to 1967 where general elections were back .He held the office of different ministries .

title: MSM/MMM

text: There were four main persons concerned out the deal made in 2000. Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Paul Berenger, Pravind Jugnauth and Karl Offmann.

title: Anerood Jugnauth

text: Lastly, his resignation in favour of his son in 2017 as prime minister has been viewed as undemocratic and immoral despite being constitutional as Pravind Jugnauth was not presented as leader and eventual prime minister in case of a Lepep coalition victory. Anerood Jugnauth committed himself to serving as prime minister for a full 5-year term. The press and the opposition campaigned that he had broken his word given to the Mauritian people.

title: MSM/MMM

text: Sir Anerood Jugnauth who was Prime Minister from 1982 to 1995 initiated the deal in early 2000. In 1995 the 60-0 victory of the MMM-MLP was outstanding as Sir Jugnauth lost his parliament seat. He had no choice to give more to the MMM so as to secure his party. Mauritian Labor Party and Mauritian Militant Movement began an alliance in 1995 and ousted the MSM out of the game.

title: Ashok Jugnauth

text: Ashok Kumar Jugnauth (born आशोक कुमार जग्नोथ on 4 January 1953) is a former Mauritian Member of Parliament and was the Minister of Health of Mauritius from 2000 to 2005. He served in the cabinet of Anerood Jugnauth from 2000 to 2003 and that of Paul Berenger from 2003 to 2005. He is part of the Jugnauth family. He is the younger brother of Sir Anerood Jugnauth. He was minister during his brother's term as Prime Minister.


query: Is there hummus in Lebanon?

title: Hummus

text: In May 2010, the Guinness World Record for the largest dish of hummus in the world returned to Lebanon.[42][43] The winning dish, cooked by 300 cooks in the village of al-Fanar, near Beirut, weighed approximately 10,450 kilograms (23,040lb), more than double the weight of the previous record.[44][45][46] According to local media, the recipe included eight tons of boiled chick peas, two tonnes of tahini, two tonnes of lemon juice, and 70 kilograms (150lb) of olive oil.[42]

title: Za'atar

text: Za'atar is used as a seasoning for meats and vegetables or sprinkled onto hummus. It is also eaten with labneh (yogurt drained to make a tangy, creamy cheese), and bread and olive oil for breakfast, most commonly in Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Syria, and Lebanon, as well as other places in the Arab world. The Lebanese speciality "shanklish", dry-cured balls of labneh, can be rolled in za'atar to form its outer coating.

title: Abu Ghosh

text: Abu Ghosh is popular among Israelis for its Middle Eastern restaurants and hummus. In 2007, it was described as the "hummus capital of Israel." In January 2010, Abu Ghosh secured the Guinness World Record for preparing the largest dish of hummus in the world. Jawdat Ibrahim, owner of Abu Ghosh hummus restaurant, organized the event, which brought together 50 Jewish and Israeli-Arab chefs. The winning dish weighed 4,087.5 kilograms (8992.5 pounds), about twice as much as the previous record set by Lebanon in October 2009. In May 2010, Lebanon regained the Guinness World Record, more than doubling Abu Ghosh's January 2010 total.

title: Hummus

text: In Cyprus, hummus is part of the local cuisine in both Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot communities where it is called "humoi" (Greek: χούμοι).[25][26] In Turkey, hummus is considered as a meze[27] and usually oven-dried with pastırma, which differs from the traditional serving.

title: Hummus

text: Hummus is a popular dip in Egypt where it is eaten with pita,[16] and frequently flavored with cumin or other spices.[15][16][17]

title: Hummus

text: While in 2006–08 when some 15 million Americans consumed hummus, and annual national sales were about $5 million, sales growth in 2016 was reflected by an estimated 25% of US households consuming hummus.[32] By 2016, the leading American hummus manufacturer, Sabra Dipping Company, held a 62% market share for hummus sales in the United States, and was forecast to exceed $1 billion in sales in 2017.[32][33][34] To meet the rising consumer demand for hummus, American farmers increased their production of chickpeas four-fold since 2009, harvesting more than 100,000,000 pounds (45,000,000kg) in 2015, an increase from 25,000,000 pounds (11,000,000kg) in 2009.[32] Hummus consumption has been so popular, many tobacco farmers have switched to growing chickpeas to meet demand.[35]

title: Hummus

text: In 2006, hummus was present in 12 percent of American households, rising to 17 percent by early 2009.[31] One commentator attributed the growth of hummus to America’s embrace of ethnic and exotic foods.[31]

title: Msabbaha

text: The main difference between msabbaha and hummus is the texture. In contrast with hummus, the chickpeas here remain whole. Like hummus, it is eaten with fresh pita bread.

title: Palestinian cuisine

text: Hummus is a staple in Palestinian side dishes, in particular in "hummus bi tahini", in which boiled, ground beans are mixed with tahini (sesame paste) and sometimes lemon juice. Hummus is often slathered in olive oil and sometimes sprinkled with paprika, oregano and pine nuts; the latter are especially popular in the West Bank. Chick peas are also mixed with ful (fava beans), resulting in an entirely different dish, "mukhluta", with a distinct flavor and brownish color.

title: Hummus

text: One author calls hummus, "One of the most popular and best-known of all Syrian dishes" and a "must on any mezzeh table."[23] Syrians in Canada's Arab diaspora prepare and consume hummus along with other dishes like falafel, kibbeh and tabbouleh, even among the third- and fourth-generation offspring of the original immigrants.[24]

title: Blockade of the Gaza Strip

text: In June 2009, the blockade was eased to allow processed hummus, but not hummus with extras such as pine nuts or mushrooms.

title: List of Google April Fools' Day jokes

text: Google Israel launched a "hummus API" to organize information, even hummus. It attempts to store their favorite type of hummus as information.

title: Hummus

text: As hummus recipes vary, so does nutritional content, depending primarily on the relative proportions of chickpeas, tahini, and water. Hummus provides roughly 170 calories for 100 grams, and is a good to excellent (more than 10% of the Daily Value) source of dietary fiber, B vitamins, and several dietary minerals.[29][30]

title: Hummus

text: For Palestinians and Jordanians, hummus has long been a staple food, often served warm, with bread for breakfast, lunch or dinner. All of the ingredients in hummus are easily found in Palestinian gardens, farms and markets, thus adding to the availability and popularity of the dish. In Palestine, hummus is usually garnished, with olive oil, "nana" mint leaves, paprika, and parsley.[18] A related dish popular in Palestine and Jordan is laban ma' hummus ("yogurt and chickpeas"), which uses yogurt in the place of tahini and butter in the place of olive oil and is topped with pieces of toasted bread.

title: Israeli cuisine

text: Hummus is a cornerstone of Israeli cuisine, and consumption in Israel has been compared by food critic Elena Ferretti to "peanut butter in America, Nutella in Europe or Vegemite in Australia". Hummus in pita is a common lunch for schoolchildren, and is a popular addition to many meals. Supermarkets offer a variety of commercially prepared hummus, and some Israelis will go out of their way for fresh hummus prepared at a "hummusia", an establishment devoted exclusively to selling hummus.

title: Hummus

text: Chickpeas, the main ingredient of conventional hummus, have appreciable amounts of dietary fiber, protein, B vitamins, manganese and other nutrients.[28]

title: Culture of Lebanon

text: Lebanese cuisine is influenced by other Mediterranean cuisines. Pita bread is a staple. The Lebanese enjoy hummus (a chick pea dip), fool (a fava bean dip), and other bean dishes. Rice is nearly a staple, and pasta is very popular. Salted yogurt is common in many dishes. Red meat and chicken are common but are usually eaten as part of a dish. Eating in Lebanon is tied to family: people almost never eat alone. The Lebanese consider eating out a social and almost aesthetic experience. During Lent, Christians eat meatless dishes and at Saint Barbara, they eat a variety of wheat-based dishes. Lebanon sells fruits and vegetables to neighboring Arab countries, as well as to Italy, France, and the United States. Wine is produced in the Bekaa and exported to France.

title: Hummus

text: Hummus ful (pronounced [fuːl]) is topped with a paste made from fava beans boiled until soft and then crushed. Hummus msabbaha/mashawsha is a mixture of hummus paste, warm chickpeas and tahini.

title: Abu Hummus

text: Abu Hummus, also Abu Humus, Abu Hommos, Abu Homos, Abou Homs () is a town in Beheira Governorate, Egypt, an administrative center of "markaz" Abu Hummus.

title: Hummus

text: The earliest known written recipes for a dish resembling hummus bi tahina are recorded in cookbooks written in Cairo in the 13th century.[8][13] A cold purée of chickpeas with vinegar and pickled lemons with herbs, spices, and oil, but no tahini or garlic, appears in the Kanz al-Fawa'id fi Tanwi' al-Mawa'id;[12] and a purée of chickpeas and tahini called hummus kasa appears in the Kitab Wasf al-Atima al-Mutada: it is based on puréed chickpeas and tahini, and acidulated with vinegar (though not lemon), but it also contains many spices, herbs, and nuts, and no garlic. It is also served by rolling it out and letting it sit overnight,[14] which presumably gives it a very different texture from hummus bi tahina.

title: Hummus

text: Hummus (/ˈhʊm.əs/, /ˈxʊm.ʊs/, or /ˈhʌm.əs/;[1][2][3] Arabic: حُمُّص, full Arabic name: hummus bi tahini Arabic: حمص بالطحينة) is a Levantine dip or spread made from cooked, mashed chickpeas or other beans, blended with tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, salt and garlic.[4] It is popular in the Middle East and Mediterranean, as well as in Middle Eastern cuisine around the globe. It can also be found in most grocery stores in North America and Europe.

title: Hummus the Movie

text: Hummus The Movie is a 2015 documentary film by Oren Rosenfeld. The film presents the unifying power of a foodway through three main characters.

title: Strained yogurt

text: In Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Egypt, and Syria, Labneh is made by straining the liquid out of yogurt until it takes on a consistency similar to a soft cheese. It tastes like tart sour cream or heavy strained yogurt and is a common breakfast dip. It is usually eaten in a fashion similar to hummus, spread on a plate and drizzled with olive oil and often, dried mint. It is also often paired as a dip with the mixed herb blend za'atar.

title: Hummus the Movie

text: "Hummus" is pegged to three stories about hummus-related careers, a Muslim, a Christian and a Jew. The Muslim is a woman named Suheila who runs a hummus restaurant in Haifa and is known for her charity to the poor. The Christian is a young man whose family has been making hummus in Ramle for three generations and who is torn between staying in the family business or following his girlfriend to Berlin. The Jew, a man from a secular background who has become devout, joined the Breslover sect, and now sells hummus at a food stall in gas station in teh Israeli town of Yokneam. The segment features Yehoshua Sofer, a Jamaican-born rapper who had a hit Israeli pop song about hummus and influenced the Jewish hummus shop owner in Yokneam to become pious.

title: Jawdat Ibrahim

text: In 2010, Ibrahim funded a project to reclaim the Guinness World Record for the world's largest hummus from Lebanon in the Israeli Arab town of Abu Ghosh. The world record breaking hummus weighed 4,090 kg. The new record was described by Israel's Army Radio as the Third Lebanon War.

title: Hummus

text: Hummus is a common part of everyday meals in Israel. It is made from ingredients that, following Kashrut (Jewish dietary laws), can be combined with both meat and dairy meals. Jewish immigrants arriving from Europe in the late 19th and early 20th century adopted much of the local Palestinian cuisine, including hummus, though it traditionally has been part of the cuisine of the Mizrahi Jews who lived in Arabic-speaking lands. The many Mizrahi Jewish immigrants from these countries brought their own unique variations, such as hummus with fried eggplant and boiled eggs prepared by Iraqi Jews, and Hasa Al Hummus, a chickpea soup preferred by Moroccans. The Yemenite quarter of Tel Aviv is known for its hummus with traditional skhug hot sauce. More recently, African immigrants have brought specialties such as Sudanese Hummus Darfur, with eggs, tomatoes, and grated cheese. Arab Israelis and Jews alike seek out authentic hummus in Arab hummusia, restaurants specializing in hummus, making famous such Arab villages as Abu Gosh and Kafr Yasif. Enthusiasts travel to the more remote Arab and Druze villages in the northern Galilee region in search of the perfect hummus experience.[15][19][20]

title: Abu Hummus

text: It is named after a sheikh who was born and buried here. Abu Hummus spans between the Cairo-Alexandria Agricultural Road and the El-Mahmoudeya Canal.

title: Hummus

text: The 2005 short film West Bank Story features a rivalry between two fictional restaurants, the Israeli "Kosher King" and the Palestinian "Hummus Hut". A parody of West Side Story, which is itself an adaptation of Romeo and Juliet, the film won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film.[40] In 2012, Australian filmmaker Trevor Graham released a documentary, Make Hummus Not War, on the political and gastronomic aspects of hummus.[41]

title: Abu Hummus

text: , the population of the "markaz" Abu Hummus was estimated at 348,000. The markaz is known as the site of the Nakhla meteorite.

title: Hummus

text: Although sometimes criticized as Jewish appropriation of Palestinian and Arab culture,[21] hummus has been adopted as an unofficial "national dish" of Israel, reflecting its huge popularity and significance among the entire Israeli population.[15] Many restaurants run by Mizrahi Jews and Arab citizens of Israel are dedicated to warm hummus,[15] which may be served as chick peas softened with baking soda along with garlic, olive oil, cumin and tahini. One of the hummus versions available is msabbaha, made with lemon-spiked tahini garnished with whole chick peas, a sprinkling of paprika and a drizzle of olive oil.[22]


query: Does Malcolm Sathiyanathan Adiseshiah have kids?

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: Adiseshiah married Helen Paranjothi, with whom he had a son and a daughter. The separation process with Helen Paranjothi started in 1946 and the annulment of the marriage came in 1956. Adiseshiah then married Elizabeth Pothen, a history professor who he met at the Madras Women’s Christian College.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: There are in the UNESCO archives 118 Adiseshiah files covering,approximately, 48000 pages.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: Adisehsiah succeeded Prof. Lakdawala as Chairman of Institute of Social Sciences (ISS) and last presided over the Governing Body meeting on 11 November 1994. It was in the inaugural address to the seminar on Panchayati Raj in Karnataka in October 1985 at ISS that Adiseshiah made the following often quoted comment:

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: Late V. R. Nedunchezhiyan, who was for long a cabinet minister in the DMK and AIADMK ministries in Tamil Nadu, recalled in the memorial meeting held in the Centenary Hall of the Madras University in December 1995 that Adiseshiah refused to accept the offer of a Governorship of a state in 1977. He said that a central cabinet minister asked Adiseshiah’s consent for appointment as Governor of Goa. Adiseshiah immediately refused the offer stating that he was not willing to accept any task which would cause his long separation from his beloved MIDS. The central Cabinet minister, after consulting with the then Prime Minister of India, offered Adiseshiah the Governorship of Tamil Nadu, knowing full well that it was against the prevailing convention that no person born in any state would be appointed Governor of that state.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: The "Emerald Jubilee Malcolm S. Adiseshiah Award" consisting of a gold medallion, a certificate and a shield, is given by the State Resource Centre, Chennai, every year to a district Collector who had made significant contribution for the rehabilitation of child labour and for imparting vocational education to improve their lot. Adiseshiah was the first president of the centre (an autonomous body under the Union Ministry of Human Resource) at its inception in 1973, and held the post for a decade. Dr. Malcolm Adiseshiah Award by the Tamil Nadu Board of Continuing Education and State Resource Centre for Non-Formal Education is given to a person in recognition of his contribution to Adult Education at a function in commemoration of the World Science Day. Dr. Malcolm Adiseshiah Award of Honour is also given by them for outstanding community service.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: The Malcolm Adiseshiah Award carries a cash grant of 200,000 Rupees and a citation and is given every year to a mid career scholar who has made outstanding contributions to the field of Development Studies. It is instituted by MEAT and presented in a special ceremony at Chennai.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: Malcolm S. Adiseshiah Chair of Development Economics and Decentralised Planning is instituted by MEAT in the Institute for Social Sciences, New Delhi.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: In January 1981, Adiseshiah was elected Chairman of the Governing Board of the UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) for a five-year period. In 1986 he was re-elected for a second term for five years. In 1987, 1991 and 1992 he was the Chairman of the jury for the selection of the international literacy prize winners. In 1989 he delivered the Presidential Address at the World Literacy Day function in Paris.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: UNESCO's tentative proposals were submitted for Technical Assistance for Economic Development in 1950-51. Adiseshiah organized the new department, established area desks corresponding to UN geographical regions, instituted the procedures and methods of operation and set up a ‘report and information unit’ which produced periodically a technical assistance bulletin.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: “Radical changes which had affected educational demand and supply are forcing a reconsideration of the very foundations of educational planning such as they prevailed in their heyday some 30 years ago, when Dr. Adiseshiah played a historical role, guiding UNESCO in setting regional targets for public spending on education throughout the world and in establishing UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning.7”

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: A ‘Founder’s Day Lecture’ by a distinguished social scientist is arranged annually in MIDS, Chennai. To commemorate Professor Adiseshiah's cosmopolitanism, a Visiting Professorial Chair has been instituted there whereby a scholar of distinction is invited to that position. The Malcolm and Elizabeth Adiseshiah Ph.D. Merit Scholarship is created there to provide training and facilities for talented researchers to pursue high-quality academic research dedicated to development issues in Tamil Nadu. An award for the best teacher in economics in Tamil Nadu and prizes to winners of an essay-writing competition held for PG students of Chennai colleges are given annually at MIDS.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: Malcolm Sathiyanathan Adiseshiah (18 April 1910– 21 November 1994),[1] was an Indian development economist and educator. In 1976 he was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India, a civilian award given for "distinguished service of a high order...without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex."[2] In 1998 the UNESCO created ‘The Malcolm Adiseshiah International Literacy Prize’ in recognition of his contribution to education and literacy.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: In 1930 Adiseshiah joined as a lecturer in St. Paul's Cathedral Mission College, an affiliate of the University of Calcutta and continued until 1936. In the college he worked on planning a rural service programme in cooperation with the Visva-Bharati University associates at Sriniketan and Santiniketan.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: In later life, after his retirement from UNESCO, Adiseshiah recalled his training and research;

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: Adiseshiah was President of Indian Economic Association in 1973-74 and presided over the Waltair session of its Annual Conference of in 1974. Subsequently, as a past President he evinced keen interest in putting the association’s finances in sound order. He took steps to advance its publishing record.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: In 1970 the then Director-General, Rene Maheu, was reluctant to let him retire. Adiseshiah insisted on leaving. Rene Maheu obtained the sanction of the Executive Board of UNESCO to replace Adiseshiah with two Deputy Director-Generals.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: From 1946-1948 Adiseshiah served as Associate General Secretary of the World University Service in Geneva. This association helped him later to support steps for the construction of World University Service Centre in Chennai and women’s hostels in Delhi and Rajasthan. During that period, he was also connected with the World Student Christian Federation and Student Volunteer Service.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: Elizabeth Adiseshiah died in 1986 leaving all her property to her husband. In Dr. Adiseshiah’s will, he had bequeathed his valuable residential property to MIDS, and his remaining wealth for setting up of Malcolm and Elizabeth Adiseshiah Trust (MEAT) for conducting programmes in the broad area of economics– teaching and research, both fundamental and applied.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: Adiseshiah was born on 18 April 1910 in Vellore, southern India. He is the second of the five children of Paul Varanasi Adiseshiah and Grace Nesamma Adiseshiah. His father was professor of philosophy[3] and the first Indian principal of Voorhees College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu State, India. His mother was a musician, who had studied up to the Senior Cambridge (High School) and was the first woman Councilor of the Vellore Municipality.[3] She taught her five children until they were ten years of age. Malcolm Adiseshiah obtained a doctorate in economics at the London School of Economics, William, the eldest brother, in philosophy at Cambridge, Padmini in education and Noble in medicine.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: Voorhees College, Vellore has instituted annual awards of Dr. Malcolm S. Adiseshiah Prize for Proficiency in History to the best III year student of the B.A.(History) Class; Dr. Malcolm S. Adiseshiah Prize for Proficiency in Chemistry to the best III Year Student of the B.Sc., (Chemistry) Class and The Adiseshiah Memorial Gold Medal for Proficiency in English to the best student of the III Year B.A./B.Sc., class. It is not clear whether the last mentioned prize is awarded in his honour or in honour of his illustrious father who was principal of that college.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: Adiseshiah was truly a many splendid personality who toiled tirelessly till his last breath to build a modern India within a new international order.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: He was president of the Viswayuvak Kendra. He was a member of the UGC Standing Committee on Adult Education. When the country launched the National Literacy Mission on 5 November 1988, Adiseshiah was the natural choice for its leadership. The Mission searched for an alternative agency and a strategy to create a country wide churning for literacy and created the Bharat Gyan Vigyan Samithi (BGVS) in August 1989 and invited Adiseshiah to be its President. BGVS facilitated the shift of the adult education from a government controlled, government sponsored programme to acquire a status of a mass movement. Adiseshiah had the satisfaction of witnessing the declaration of Ernakulam district in Kerala as having achieved the status of total literacy on 4 February 1990. The new premises of the State Resources Centre of the Tamil Nadu Board of Continuing Education was named after him and was declared open on his 83rd birthday on 18 April 1992.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: In 1993 and 1994, UNESCO PROSPECTS: Quarterly review of comparative education published a series of profiles of 100 famous educators from around of the world. In the company of illustrious intellectuals like Aristotle, Confucius, Freud, Gramsci, Locke, Plato, and Rousseu, the list includes seven Indians. They are: Malcolm Adiseshiah; Sri Aurobindo; Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi; Jiddu Krishnamurti; J.P. Naik; Rabindranath Tagore and Vivekananda. These articles have subsequently been collected and published under the title “Thinkers on Education” in three volumes, edited by Tedesco, Juan Carlos and Morsy, Zaghloul, [Paris, UNESCO; New Delhi, Oxford & IBH Publishing, 1997].

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: The (), New Delhi in partnership with the , New Delhi and support of the Malcolm and Elizabeth Adiseshiah Trust has organised the Malcolm Adiseshiah Mid-Year Review of the Indian Economy since 2011. prepares the annual review, and the proceedings are jointly published.[4][5][6][7]

title: Madras Institute of Development Studies

text: MIDS was established by Malcolm Adiseshiah and his wife Elizabeth Adiseshiah in January 1971. Malcolm Adiseshiah served as its first Director. In March 1977, MIDS was reconstituted as a National Research Institute under the sponsorship of Government of India through the Indian Council of Social Science Research and the Government of Tamil Nadu. The Adiseshiah's donated the land, buildings, furniture, equipment and made cash endowments to the newly constituted institute. Malcolm Adiseshiah resigned as MIDS' Director in 1978 and became the Chairman and Honorary fellow. Professor C.T. Kurien became the next Director of MIDS. In 1985, the Reserve Bank of India established a Chair for applied research in regional economics, which has since been converted to a fully autonomous unit in 2002.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: Adiseshiah was in a tight corner. He requested for a day’s time to make up his mind. Next day, during the morning constitutional along the Marina beach, he asked Nedunchezhian, who was his walk companion for many years, for his opinion about the offer. Nedunchezhian replied that Adiseshiah was always a man of action and that the Governor of a state was more a ceremonial post which would only put fetters around his multi-pronged activities. Later in the day, Adiseshiah conveyed to the central cabinet minister that he was not accepting the offer of the Governorship of Tamil Nadu. Nedunchezhian also recalled that it was the only occasion when Adiseshiah consulted him about a ‘political’ decision in his more than two decades of friendship! Surprisingly, Adiseshiah had sought the opinion of his personal staff, including his car drivers, whether he should accept the governorship or not!!14

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: “In his humanistic approach to the role of education, science and culture in the development process, Dr. Malcolm Adiseshiah has reviewed the past in order to seek improvement in the future. The philosophy of development set forth in this volume is a bright beacon which should help guide UNESCO successfully into the Second Development Decade.13”

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: Adiseshiah is remembered by a few significant awards, prizes scholarships and endowed chairs. The annual Malcolm Adiseshiah International Literacy Prize, (value US $15,000) is awarded by UNESCO from 1998. The prize rewards organizations or individuals displaying outstanding merit and achieving particularly effective results in contributing to the fight for literacy in among the member countries of UNESCO.

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: In September 1970 Adiseshiah and his wife Elizabeth registered in Paris a trust fund for starting Madras Institute of Development Studies (MIDS hereafter). MIDS was conceived to undertake studies and research on developmental issues on the economy, polity and society with special reference to Tamil Nadu state. MIDS started functioning from January 1971 in one of their properties in Gandhinagar, Adyar, a Chennai suburb. Adiseshiah was its first Director. Adiseshiah started publishing the publishing of ‘Bulletin– Madras Development Seminar Series’ in February 1971, and wrote its editorials every month from Feb. 1971 covering international, national and Tamil Nadu issues, until his death. ‘This surely’ wrote, Prof.S. Subramanian, in the prolegomena of the special issue of the Bulletin bought out after his demise, ‘is the stuff of which archives are made’10

title: Malcolm Adiseshiah

text: In March 1950 Adiseshiah was promoted to the post of Director of technical assistance department, he was one of its six top executives. Adiseshiah was authorized to represent the Director-General at the technical assistance board set up by the UN.


query: Who first played volleyball?

title: Volleyball

text: In the winter of 1895[4], in Holyoke, Massachusetts (United States), William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, created a new game called Mintonette, a name derived from the game of badminton,[5] as a pastime to be played (preferably) indoors and by any number of players. The game took some of its characteristics from other sports such as tennis and handball.[6] Another indoor sport, basketball, was catching on in the area, having been invented just ten miles (sixteen kilometers) away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four years before. Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport, less rough than basketball, for older members of the YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort.

title: Panellinios V.C.

text: Panellinios was one of the first volleyball clubs in Greece. The former sports trainer of Panellinios, Anastasios Lefkaditis, is considered to be the man who is mainly responsible for importing the sport of volleyball to Greece. Panellinios took part in the first unofficial Greek men's volleyball championship, along with Panionios and Ethnikos Athens. It was the first winner of the official Greek volleyball championship in 1936. It won 6 overall Greek championships, through the year 1961. In recent years, the team has played in the A2 Ethniki (2nd-tier level).Panellinios also has a volleyball team that dominated in Greek women's volleyball, during the 2000-2002 period. The team won two Greek Women's Championships (2001, 2002), and one Greek Women's Cup (2001). In 2012, the team withdrew from the women's championship, due to financial problems, and nowadays, it plays in the lower local divisions.

text: The Arab Volleyball Clubs Championship Cup Winners is a sport competition for club volleyball teams who won the cup trophies in their countries, played for the first time in 2000

title: LSU Tigers women's beach volleyball

text:
The LSU Tigers beach volleyball team, originally known as the "LSU Tigers sand volleyball team", played its first season in 2014. The first coach of the Tigers was Fran Flory (2014–2016) who compiled a record of 40–28 () at LSU. In 2017, Russell Brock became head beach volleyball coach at LSU.
Mango's Beach Volleyball Club is the home court and practice facility for the beach volleyball team. Mango's is a privately owned beach volleyball facility open to the public, located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The facility has 13 sand courts.

title: Monika Bociek

text: Monika Bociek has a three older brothers - Łukasz, who played volleyball in past, but went to seminary, Piotr and Grzegorz, who is also volleyball player and plays as an opposite hitter in Poland men's national volleyball team and ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle.

title: Farnoosh Sheikhi

text: Farnoosh Sheikhi (born May 13, 1989) is an Iranian volleyball player who plays for Iran women's national volleyball team since 2009. She was a member of the national team in 2012 Asian Women's Cup Volleyball Championship. Sheikhi plays for Dauphines Charleroi as a middle blocker. She is first Iranian player in volleyball Belgian League, and first player who wear a hijab.

title: Adam White (volleyball)

text: White currently plays Tours volleyball in France. He plays in the wing spiker position. His standing reach is , and his blocking reach is . White's block reach is . He plays in the zone four (or "Zone 4") volleyball position in the game. He has played on the national team for Australia, Australia men's national volleyball team (coached by Jon Uriarte), for five years. His international volleyball début was in 2007 with the Daejeon Samsung Bluefangs. His career started with the Australian Institute of Sport in 2004. He became captain of the Australian Institute of Sport volleyball team in 2007, and won titles with the team, in every single season, between 2005 and 2008. He first played at senior national level at the 2008 Asian Men's Cup Volleyball Championship. He was part of the Australia men's national volleyball team at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship in Italy. He has been selected for Australia's national team 118 times.

title: Liu Libin

text: Liu Libin (; born February 16, 1995 in Beijing) is a male Chinese volleyball player. He is the first volleyballer who joined a foreign club as a current player of China men's national volleyball team. He currently plays in JT Thunders.

title: Kathleen Weiß

text: Born in Schwerin, Weiß began playing volleyball at the age of eight when her mother, who was a volleyball player, made a training group teaching techniques and tricks. She then joining her town's club Schweriner SC in 1993, where she progressed through the youth team system until reaching the first team and becoming professional. In 2000, she was combining her studies with volleyball training while trying to break into the first team. She then played for 2 Bundesliga club VC Parchim from 2001 to 2003, gaining more playing opportunities and experience.

title: A.E.P. Olympias Patras

text: One of the most historic sports departments of the club is the men's volleyball club, which participated in the Greek Volleyball First Division in 1965-66, 1969–70, 2000–01, and 2001-02. From 1981-83, the men's volleyball club played in the Greek Volleyball Second Division, and in 1987, it played in the Greek Volleyball Third Division.

title: Nada Meawad

text:
Nada Meawad (born April 12, 1998) is an Egyptian indoor volleyball player.
She has been playing volleyball since she was 5 years old in El Shams Sporting Club, following her siblings that were playing volleyball in the same Sporting Club.
She participated for the first time in the Egypt women's national volleyball team when she was 15 years old playing for the 2013 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship in Thailand.

text:
On spring 2016, Montenegro women's team for the first time played in 2016 Women's European Volleyball League.
At the same time, the team started to play in qualifiers for European Championship 2017. Montenegro made score 2-1 in the first stage of qualifiers and participated on the final stage, but at the end, with the score 2-4, didn't succeed to qualify for their first big tournament.
In spring 2016, Montenegrin women's team played for the first time in European Volleyball League, finishing with score 2-4. Same score they made in European Volleyball League 2017.

title: Alex Porter

text:
Born at Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust he grew up in the village of Kirby-le-Soken he is one of three children to Electrical Engineer Ken Stephen Porter and Janice Porter. Alex initially started playing volleyball at Tendring High School (later rename Tendring Technology College) aged 11 before for joining Tendring Volleyball club later that year. In 1996 he joined his first National Volleyball League Team, Essex Estonians, who played in the Division 3. From here, he signed for London Malory who were reigning League and Cup champions. In his first session for them, he became a starting 6 player and gained his first England cap against Scotland. A knee injury at the end of the 1998–99 season meant he missed the beginning of the 1999–00 season. Halfway through the season when he recovered from surgery he signed for Malory's rivals, London Docklands. After 2 years of commuting to London from his Sheffield home he transferred to Sheffield Volleyball Club. In his first year with them they narrowly missed out on promotion to his previous team, London Docklands.
After finishing his university education Alex moved to Sweden to play semi-professionally in Sweden for Vingåker VK(Sweden) and then in professionally in Austria for Sokol V (Austria).

title: Beach volleyball

text:
Beach volleyball grew in popularity in the United States during the Great Depression in the 1930s as it was an inexpensive activity. The sport also began to appear in Europe during this time. By the 1940s, doubles tournaments were being played on the beaches of Santa Monica for trophies. In 1948 the first tournament to offer a prize was held in Los Angeles, California. It awarded the best teams with a case of Pepsi. In the 1960s, an attempt to start a professional volleyball league was made in Santa Monica. It failed, but a professional tournament was held in France for 30,000 French francs. In the 1950s, the first Brazilian beach volleyball tournament was held, sponsored by a newspaper publishing company. The first Manhattan Beach Open was held in 1960, a tournament which grew in prestige to become, in the eyes of some, the "Wimbledon of Beach Volleyball".
In the meantime, beach volleyball gained popularity: in the 1960s The Beatles tried playing in Los Angeles and US president John F. Kennedy was seen attending a match. In 1974, there was an indoor tournament: "The $1500.00 World Indoor Two-Man Volleyball Championship" played in front of 4,000 volleyball enthusiast at the San Diego Sports Arena. Fred Zuelich teamed with Dennis Hare to defeat Ron Von Hagen and Matt Gage in the championship match, Winston Cigarettes was the sponsor. Dennis Hare went on to write the first book on the subject of beach volleyball: "The Art of Beach Volleyball".

title: List of official matches of the Montenegro women's national volleyball team

text:
The Montenegro women's national volleyball team is the national team of Montenegro. It is governed by the Volleyball Federation of Montenegro and takes part in international volleyball competitions.
Soon after the Montenegrin independence referendum, Volleyball Federation of Montenegro founded national teams. Women's team started to play in 2008, with the first match against Albania (3:0, friendly game).
Same year, Montenegro played its first games in official competitions - against Georgia in 2009 European Volleyball Championship qualifiers.

title: Fenerbahçe Women's Volleyball

text: In Turkey the club have won 13 Turkish Championship titles (5 in the current Turkish Women's Volleyball League and 8 in the former Turkish Women's Volleyball Championship), 3 Turkish Cups, and a record 3 Turkish Super Cups, among others.The women's volleyball department was founded in 1928 by who, as a young woman, played for the club's men's volleyball team, and was the first woman architect in Turkey. However, the section was closed due to a lack of opponents. In 1954, a new era started with assistance from Çamlıca Girls' High School (). Starting in 1958, the girls won eight Turkish Championships among many other titles. In 1977, the branch was closed again until 1989, this time due to insufficient funds. In 1993, the team was promoted from the Istanbul First League to the Turkish Second League. The following year, they played in the Turkish First League. However, they were relegated to the Turkish Second League in the 1995–96 season.

title: Celeste Plak

text: Celeste Plak (born 26 October 1995) is a Dutch volleyball player, who plays as an outside hitter. She plays for Igor Gorgonzola Novara, and is the first non-caucasian player to be a part of the Netherlands women's national volleyball team.

title: Nova Southeastern Sharks volleyball

text: Senior Jenny Fitch, sophomore Alison Kalish and freshman Kathleen Yony will seek to receive the majority of playing time at libero this season. Fitch, who received a medical red-shirt a year ago, also has playing experience setting for the Sharks. Kalish started 11 matches and played in 80 games in her first year as a Shark a year ago. Yony, a freshman from Westminster Christian High in Miami, earned All-Dade County Volleyball honors and was selected to the Miami Herald 4A-1A Volleyball first team last year.

title: Javier Jiménez (volleyball)

text: Javier Ernesto Jiménez Scull (born November 16, 1989) is a volleyball player from Cuba, who plays as an opposite hitter for the Cuba men's national volleyball team. On 2014 he became the first Cuban player ever to be transferred to a non-Cuban team (PAOK VC) having acquired at first the approval of the Cuban Sports Ministry. He played for PAOK VC from 2014-2016 having a major contribution to the team's first ever Championship, including the first ever Double (Championship and Cup) on 2015 and the Championship of the 2016 Greek Volleyleague. During his period in Thessaloniki and PAOK VC he was much beloved by the PAOK fans, especially for his way of celebrating points.

title: Maedeh Borhani

text: Maedeh Borhani (, born 22 June 1988) is a volleyball player from Iran, who plays as an Opposite Spiker for the Women's National Team and Shumen W Club. Her transfer to the Bulgarian club, Shumen W made her the first ever Iranian female volleyball player who plays outside the country and abroad.

title: Jim Menges

text: Menges started playing beach volleyball on Santa Monica's Sorrento Beach at the age of 17. He commonly played with and against Tom Chamales, who had graduated a year before him from Santa Monica High, and Randy Niles. Initially they played Santa Monica's "outside courts" before being invited up to play the "first court". It was at Santa Monica in 1972 that Menges met longtime partner Greg Lee. Menges' first Open tournament victory was with Lee at the 1973 Marine Open. They were partners off and on for the next two seasons while each completed an athletic career at UCLA. Menges played volleyball for Al Scates while Lee played basketball as a guard for John Wooden during the Bill Walton era. On the 1974 beach volleyball circuit Menges advanced to the finals of 4 events, winning 2 times, once with Chamales and once with Ron Von Hagen.

title: Kira Walkenhorst

text: Kira Katarina Walkenhorst (born 18 November 1990) is a German beach volleyball player, playing as a blocker. She has an older brother Alexander Walkenhorst who is a professional beach volleyball player and a younger sister Pia Walkenhorst who also plays beach volleyball.

title: Sports in Puerto Rico

text: Some of Puerto Rico's famous volleyball players are Willie De Jesus, Raúl Papaleo and Héctor Soto. Papaleo and Ramón 'Monchito' Hernández participated in 2004 Olympic Games in Athens in Beach Volleyball, first ever volleyball team in the Island Olympic history. Laura Daniela Lloreda, meanwhile, is a Puerto Rican who played in Mexico's national volleyball team.

title: Volleyball variations

text: In South Korea, nine-man volleyball is popular as a recreation. But those who plays it are not used to the detailed rule of the game because they generally watch only 6-man volleyball (standard volleyball) on TV or somewhere. So the rule generally played tends to be the mixture of the original 9-man volleyball and standard volleyball.

title: Lee Da-yeong

text: Lee Da-yeong also known as Da Yeong Lee (born 15 October 1996) is a South Korean female volleyball player who currently plays as a setter for the South Korea women's national volleyball team. She is also the twin sister of fellow national volleyball player Lee Jae-yeong who also plays for South Korea in international level. She also currently plays for the domestic volleyball club Suwon Hyundai Engineering & Construction Hillstate in the V-League, a professional volleyball league in South Korea.

title: Chris Marlowe

text: Christian "Chris" Marlowe (born September 28, 1951) is an American professional sportscaster who resides in Denver, Colorado. He currently is the play-by-play announcer for the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association in the fall, winter and spring, and in the summer he is a play-by-play announcer for the Association of Volleyball Professionals. He is a former collegiate basketball and volleyball player and played on the US National Men's Volleyball Team. He played beach volleyball extensively and won numerous tournaments on the Open beach circuit. He also was a captain of the US Men's volleyball team that won the Gold Medal at the 1984 Olympic Games.

title: Shane Alexander (volleyball)

text: Shane Alexander (born ) is an Australian male volleyball player who plays the position of setter. He was part of the Australia men's national volleyball team at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship in Italy. He played for Queensland Pirates.

title: Urmia

text: Sports are an important part of Urmia's culture. The most popular sport in Urmia is volleyball. Urmia is considered Iran's volleyball capital, and that is because of the ranks that Shahrdari Urmia VC got in Iranian Volleyball Super League and for the great volleyball players who play on the Iran men's national volleyball team (such as Saed Marouf, Abdolreza Alizadeh, and Milad Ebadipour) and first-class coaches in Iran. Recently, Urmia has also been called "the city of volleyball lovers" by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (International Volleyball Federation, FIVB) official website.

title: Jia Morado

text: Morado was born in Manila to Ariel and Hedy Morado. She has three siblings, two sisters and one brother. All the girls played varsity-level volleyball. An older sister, Jessica Katrina, who also played for the Ateneo Women's Volleyball Team from 2007 to 2012, was the one who convinced the younger Jia to pursue volleyball. Her other older sister, Jamie Marielle, played for the UST Golden Tigresses volleyball team as a libero. Upon pursuing volleyball, she became a multi-awarded athlete and a full-time student at the Ateneo de Manila University where she graduated with degree of BS in Psychology. She graduated high school at the Colegio San Agustin – Makati.

title: Strong Rock Christian School

text: In 2010, Strong Rock Christian School varsity volleyball team made it to the 2010 GHSA Class A Volleyball State Playoffs, and lost to Westminster School in the first round 0-3. In 2011, Strong Rock Christian School made it to the 2011 GHSA Class A Volleyball State Playoffs and lost to Athens Academy in the first round again, 0-3. In 2012, the varsity volleyball team lost to The Walker School 0-3 in the first round of the 2012 GHSA Class A Volleyball State Playoffs. In 2013, due to the loss of a NAIA senior who played for Point University, Strong Rock Christian School Varsity Volleyball Team did not see any postseason action. In 2014, the varsity volleyball team recovered from the previous year and made it to the first round of the 2014 GHSA Class A State Volleyball Playoffs, where they lost to The Walker School 0-3 again. Strong Rock Christian School has never made it to the GHSA Class A State Volleyball Tournament so far.

title: Raquel Chumpitaz

text: Raquel also has a son named Matt West who also plays volleyball. He played college volleyball at Peperdine University and is currently playing for Klando Volleyball.