query: Who was the first leader of West Germany?

title: Theodor Heuss

text: Theodor Heuss (German pronunciation:[ˈte:odɔɐ ˈhɔʏs]; 31 January 1884 – 12 December 1963) was a West German liberal politician who served as the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1959. Beside the stern chancellor Konrad Adenauer, Heuss' cordial manners largely contributed to the stabilization of democracy in West Germany during the Wirtschaftswunder years.

title: Barenboim–Said Akademie

text: The orchestra was co-founded in Weimar, Germany, by Said and Barenboim in 1999, and named after the "West–östlicher Divan" ("West–Eastern Divan"), an anthology of poems by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who took his inspiration from the Persian poet Hafis. The first ensemble workshop took place in 1999, as part of Weimar's program as the European Capital of Culture that year. Since Edward Said's death, his widow Mariam C. Said has been a co-leader of the orchestra.

title: East Germany at the Olympics

text: The German Democratic Republic ceased to exist in 1990, joining the Federal Republic of Germany in the process of German reunification. Accordingly, the "NOC of the GDR" joined the "NOC of Germany" on 17 November 1990. German athletes competed at the Olympic Games as a single team again from 1992 onwards. Athletes from the Eastern part of Germany contributed disproportionately to the medals won by Germany, particularly in the first decade after reunification. This is thought to indicate that doping was not the only reason East Germany was so successful (and more successful than West Germany in particular) in the Olympics, with professional training conditions also being significant. The practice of doping was implemented by a separate state, a former rival who was far less successful. The medal tally of reunited Germany after 1990 was more comparable to that of East Germany before 1990 than of West Germany before 1990. For example, of the twenty nine medals Germany won in the 2006 Winter Olympics East German born (containing one-fifth of the population of Germany) athletes won fourteen (six gold). West German athletes won only nine medals (three gold), with six medals won in mixed teams. In recent years, some centres of German top-class sport have relocated to the West, for example winter sports to Bavaria. However, the East is still performing better than the West. Trainers from East Germany (e.g. Uwe Müßiggang) were important in producing sporting success for United Germany. Also, many top-class German athletes who today live in the western part of Germany started their professional sport careers in the East, and can be seen as part of the large-scale exodus of young people from the East to the West since reunification.

title: Ulbricht Doctrine

text: The Ulbricht Doctrine, named after East German leader Walter Ulbricht, was the assertion that normal diplomatic relations between East Germany and West Germany could occur only if both states fully recognised each other's sovereignty. That contrasted with the Hallstein Doctrine, a West German policy which insisted that West Germany was the only legitimate German state.

title: Willi van Ooyen

text: In organized politics, his first major position was Hessian leader of the Marxist German Peace Union (Deutsche Friedensunion, DFU) as managing director—a partial successor of the banned Communist Party of Germany — in 1976. The GPU was always a minor party, and it changed its status to "political union" in 1984, the same year that Willi van Ooyen became federal leader of the party across the whole of West Germany. This organisation was mainly founded by East Germany.

title: Free-Germany Movement

text: Whilst Strasser was living in Canada at the time, the group had most of its followers in Latin America. The organization had two main offices, one in New York City headed by Kurt Singer and one in Buenos Aires headed by Bruno Fricke. Strasser named Fricke as the leader of the Free-Germany Movement in Latin America, a role Fricke had also occupied in the Black Front. Friecke was also named First Vice Chairman of the organization. In Uruguay the "landesleiter" was Erico Schoemann who was an old Black Front support and who ran the publication "Die Zeit/El Tiempo" in Montevideo. The Free-Germany Movement also had small units in West Canada, China and South Africa (the latter unit was led by August Pokorski). The Free-Germany Movement was politically broader than Strasser's previous grouping, gathering people with Christian, national-conservative or social democratic backgrounds. For example the "landesleiter" ('Country Leader') of the Free-Germany Movement in Brazil was Helmut Hütter, an Austrian who hailed from a conservative Catholic background. In Bolivia, were the size of the organization was rather marginal, it was led by Hugo Efferoth, a former social democrat.

title: Red Army (novel)

text: The book takes the perspective of soldiers with the Group of Soviet Forces in East Germany as they prepare to launch an invasion of West Germany. Soviet General Mikhail Malinsky, commander of the First Western Front, discusses the upcoming invasion with other Soviet leaders. The plans call for a simultaneous thrust on three fronts: across the North German Plain, through the Fulda Gap, and across Bavaria. NATO commanders are to be bluffed into thinking the main assault will come at the Fulda Gap, but the main effort will be on the North German Plain, led by Malinsky. Airborne forces will be dropped deep into West Germany to disrupt the NATO rearguard.

title: Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.

text: Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Infantry Branch, Schwarzkopf spent October 1956 to March 1957 at United States Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia, where he earned his Parachutist Badge. His first assignment was as platoon leader, later executive officer, of E Company, 2nd Airborne Battle Group, 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. It was during this time he later recounted he found chronic problems in military leadership, amid what historians have called a larger doctrinal crisis. Schwarzkopf later recounted many officers and NCOs he met in this assignment "had no sense of duty or honor, and who saw the world through an alcoholic haze." He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1958. In July 1959, Schwarzkopf was assigned his first overseas assignment; as a staff officer alternating with duties as a platoon leader, liaison officer, and reconnaissance platoon leader with the 6th Infantry Division in West Germany. In July 1960, Schwarzkopf was assigned as aide-de-camp to Brigadier General Charles Johnson, who commanded the Berlin Brigade in West Berlin.

title: Willi Stoph

text: As Prime Minister, Stoph began a series of negotiations with West German Chancellor Willy Brandt in 1970. It marked the first ever meeting between the leaders of East and West Germany.

title: Martin Lawrence

text: The fourth of six children, Martin Fitzgerald Lawrence was born on April 16, 1965, in Frankfurt, West Germany, to African American parents who were serving in the U.S. military in West Germany at the time of Martin's birth. Lawrence was named after civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and U.S. President John F. Kennedy. His parents divorced when he was eight years old and Lawrence rarely saw his estranged father, John Lawrence, who worked as a police officer. His mother, Chlora (née Bailey), began working several jobs to support her family.

title: Jürgen Schult

text: In 1988, at the first track and field competition ever between East and West Germany, Schult refused to shake hands with the man who had beaten him, Wolfgang Schmidt, who had very shortly before moved from East to West Germany.

title: Eurovision Song Contest 1982

text: Germany had the advantage of performing last. After coming second in 1980 and second in Dublin the year previously, Ralph Siegel and Bernd Meinunger took the first Grand Prix for Germany. The winner, Nicole, beat the nearest competition by 61 points and over 13 million West Germans watched her victory on television. Germany was the commanding leader for nearly the entire voting process.

title: Detlef Kühn

text: He passed Part I of his national exams for Law in 1960 and Part II in 1965, supporting himself during this period as a legal clerk (""Rechtsreferendar""). In 1964 he joined the Free Democratic Party (FDP), a centre-right political party committed to economic and (sometimes less prominently) socially liberal ideals. At that time the FDP party leader, was pushing for better contacts between East and West Germans even though, at the time, the legitimacy of the East German state was not officially "recognised" by the government in the west. It was, for instance, during Mende's period as West German Vice-Chancellor that West Berliners were permitted, for the first time, to cross the Wall for Christmas visits in December 1963. From 1964, East German senior citizens were allowed to visit West Germany. The political division of Germany was a matter with which Detlef Kühn was passionately concerned, and became core to his professional career. In the 1965 General Election the FDP won 9.5% of the national vote and prepared to rejoin the governing coalition as a junior partner. The FDP group in the Bundestag (national parliament) identified a critical vacancy for a lawyer to work as a parliamentary research assistant and offered Kühn the job. In a discussion the newly elected leader of the FDP group in the Bundestag, Hans-Dietrich Genscher, who would become an important political ally, urged him to accept. Kühn did so, and in 1966 moved with his new wife from West Berlin to Bonn (officially the "provisional capital of West Germany") to take up his duties.

title: 1974 FIFA World Cup

text: The 1974 FIFA World Cup, the tenth staging of the World Cup, was held in West Germany (including West Berlin) from 13 June to 7 July. The tournament marked the first time that the current trophy, the FIFA World Cup Trophy, created by the Italian sculptor Silvio Gazzaniga, was awarded. The previous trophy, the Jules Rimet Trophy, had been won for the third time by Brazil in 1970 and awarded permanently to the Brazilians. The host nation won the title, beating the Netherlands 2–1 in the final at Munich's Olympiastadion. The victory was the second for West Germany, who had also won in 1954. Australia, East Germany, Haiti and Zaire made their first appearances at the final stage, with East Germany making their only appearance before Germany was reunified in 1990.

title: Limburg (Belgium)

text: Caesar gave the first surviving written description of the area and described its people as the "Germani cisrhenani", who were a part of the Belgae. Amongst these Germani, Belgian Limburg contained at least part of the country of the Eburones who fought against Julius Caesar under their leaders Ambiorix and Cativolcus. Apart from the "Germani", somewhere in the west of the region (but possibly outside Limburg) were the Aduatuci, who were the descendants of the Cimbri and Teutones who had settled from the direction of Denmark some generations before Caesar.

title: Karl Schirdewan

text: In October 1949, partly in response to the creation of the German Federal Republic (West Germany) five months earlier, Germany's Soviet administered zone was relaunched as the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), a stand-alone Soviet sponsored German states with constitutional arrangements increasingly modeled on those of the Soviet Union itself. Schirdewan's experience on the political front-line with West Germany and his Central Committee responsibilities for the "West Department" effectively made him the leader of the East German ruling party's on-going project.

title: History of Germany

text: Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967) was the dominant leader in West Germany. He was the first chancellor (top official) of the FRG, 1949–63, and until his death was the founder and leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a coalition of conservatives, ordoliberals, and adherents of Protestant and Catholic social teaching that dominated West Germany politics for most of its history. During his chancellorship, the West Germany economy grew quickly, and West Germany established friendly relations with France, participated in the emerging European Union, established the country's armed forces (the "Bundeswehr"), and became a pillar of NATO as well as firm ally of the United States. Adenauer's government also commenced the long process of reconciliation with the Jews and Israel after the Holocaust.

title: Outline of Germany

text:
Germany – federal parliamentary republic in western-central Europe consisting of 16 constituent states, which retain limited sovereignty. Its capital and largest city is Berlin. With more than 80 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state in the European Union. Germany is a major economic and political power of the European continent and a historic leader in many cultural, theoretical and technical fields. After losing World War I, Germany fell under the control of Adolf Hitler, who started World War II. After losing World War II, Germany was divided into East Germany and West Germany, each on opposite sides in the Cold War. In October 1990, after the Cold War ended, the country was reunified. Germany has since grown to become the world's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP.Geography of Germany
Germany is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate.Land boundaries:
Germany is composed of 16 constituent states, called "Bundesländer" (see map on the right).

title: Bernd Eisenfeld

text: He was able to work as a freelance writer, and under the pseudonym "Fred Werner" wrote a number of works on Conscientious objection ("Wehrdienstverweigerung") in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). As leader in West Berlin of the local "League of Former GDR Citizens" (""Verband ehemaliger DDR-Bürger"") he provided support for former East Germans who had been persecuted for their political views by the state and subsequently released into West Germany as part of the that had been operated between East and West Germany since 1962.

title: Military history of Germany

text: The Bundeswehr was established in 1955 in West Germany. In 1956, conscription for all men between 18 and 45 in years was introduced after heavy discussions about re-militarising Germany. A significant exception came from the conscientious objector clause in the West German constitution: West Germany was the first country to grant alternative service to all men who objected to military service on ethical grounds, regardless of religious affiliation. This was named "Zivildienst" roughly translated as "civil services".

title: Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany

text: The Leader of the Social Democratic Party ("Vorsitzender der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands") is the most senior political figure within the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Since 22 April 2018, the office has been held by Andrea Nahles; who is the first female leader of the party.

title: Pope John Paul II

text: From 15 to 19 November 1980, John Paul II visited West Germany on his first trip to a country with a large Lutheran Protestant population. In Mainz, he met with leaders of the Evangelical Church in Germany, and with representatives of other Christian denominations.

title: East Germany national basketball team

text:
After the Second World War, only one German national basketball team existed. At the EuroBasket 1953, a unified German team competed with four East German players and finished 14th. At the EuroBasket 1959 in Istanbul, unlike its counterpart from West Germany, the East German national team qualified for the EuroBasket but only finished 14th out of 17.
The first match between East and West Germany was played in 1960 at the qualification to the Summer Olympics. Despite the lack of popularity of basketball in East Germany, it took the West German basketball team until 1973 to earn its first victory over the East Germans who displayed disciplined playing styles.
At the EuroBasket 1961 in Belgrade, East Germany finished 12th out of 19, 4 spots better than West Germany.
Overall, the national basketball team of East Germany had its biggest success at the EuroBasket 1963 in Wrocław. After four victories and three losses in the preliminary round, East Germany went as the third seed (behind the tournament winner Soviet Union and silver medalist Poland) in Group B. Since only the first two places advanced to the semi-finals, East Germany had to play against Belgium and Bulgaria in the play-offs. After beating Belgium 81:35, East Germany lost 62:77 against Bulgaria. According to many experts, East Germany was one of the biggest surprises of the tournament.
At the EuroBasket 1965 in Moscow/Tbilisi, the East German team could not repeat its impressive performance two years earlier. However, it outperformed its West German competitors by 4 spots and finished 10th out of 16. At its last appearance at a EuroBasket 1967 in Helsinki/Tampere, East Germany finished 14th out of 16. West Germany did not qualify for the tournament.
Despite some solid performances at European basketball competitions, East Germany's national basketball team never qualified for the world championships or the Summer Olympics.

title: Willy Brandt

text: Willy Brandt (; born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German statesman who was leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and served as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1969 to 1974. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971 for his efforts to strengthen cooperation in western Europe through the EEC and to achieve reconciliation between West Germany and the countries of Eastern Europe. He was the first Social Democrat chancellor since 1930.

title: History of Germany

text: "Ostpolitik" was opposed by the conservative elements in Germany, but won Brandt an international reputation and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971. In September 1973, both West and East Germany were admitted to the United Nations. The two countries exchanged permanent representatives in 1974, and, in 1987, East Germany's leader Erich Honecker paid an official state visit to West Germany.

title: East Germany at the FIFA World Cup

text: They appeared in the finals of the FIFA World Cup on one occasion in 1974. During the tournament they played West Germany, who were hosts in that year, for the first and only time at senior level, winning 1-0. East Germany was reunified with West Germany in 1990 and did not compete again after the 1990 World Cup.

title: Mikhail Pervukhin

text: Walter Ulbricht, the East German leader, invited Pervukhin to his summer house to discuss the East German immigration flow to West Germany. There Ulbricht told Pervukhin that if the Soviets did not react soon, East Germany would "collapse". Pervukhin discussed other problems as well, claiming that Ulbricht but also the East German leadership in general, were opposed to the Soviet Union's plan to improve relations with West Germany. When Khrushchev gave his approval to construct what would become the Berlin Wall, Pervukhin was the first to know. Ulbricht told Pervukhin of the need to create the East–West barrier at night, and he and Khrushchev would later agree to this.

title: West Germany v France (1982 FIFA World Cup)

text: With West Germany's captain and European Footballer of the Year Karl-Heinz Rummenigge benched from the start due to a hamstring injury, West Germany was nonetheless the first to score in the 17th minute. With Klaus Fischer charging in to challenge French goalkeeper Jean-Luc Ettori from about 12 yards out, the ball rebounded to Pierre Littbarski, who scored with his first-touch shot from 18 yards.

title: Konrad Adenauer

text: Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (; 5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1949 to 1963. He was co-founder and first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) (till 1966), a Christian Democratic party that under his leadership became one of the most influential parties in the country.

title: Austria v West Germany (1978 FIFA World Cup)

text: In the first round, Austria had surprisingly won their group, ahead of Brazil even though they had lost to them. A rather lacklustre West Germany had only finished second in their group, following two scoreless draws. While the West German team still contained a number of players who had contributed to winning the 1974 World Cup, others had retired from the national team, being dissatisfied with the old-fashioned attitude of German Football Association (DFB) leaders and coach Helmut Schön, who at age 62 was about to retire after the tournament.

title: Kronberg im Taunus

text: In 1946, the Papal Mission for Displaced Persons in Germany was moved to Kronberg by Pope Pius XII. The apostolic visitor and leader of the institution was the Bishop of Fargo, North Dakota, USA Aloisius Muench, who was of German heritage. His spiritual guidance mandate included caring for those who had fled or been driven out of Eastern Europe. Until the summer of 1949, he organized from Kronberg the transport of about 950 goods wagons full of Papal aid supplies to Germany. He was also supported by the US Government; before taking his position in Kronberg, he received from US Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson the document of appointment as liaison commissioner for religious affairs to the US military government in Germany. Through his contacts in the USA Muench arranged a formidable flow of donations into destruction-stricken Germany. After the Federal Republic of Germany was founded, the Kronberg Apostolic Mission was dissolved in 1951. Muench afterwards became the first Apostolic Nuncio in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). In 1959, Pope John XXIII made Archbishop Muench a Cardinal.


query: How long did the Rattanakosin Kingdom last?

title: Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

text: The Rattanakosin Kingdom (Thai: อาณาจักรรัตนโกสินทร์, IPA:[āːnāːt͡ɕàk ráttanákōːsǐn]) is the fourth and present traditional centre of power in the history of Thailand (or Siam). It was founded in 1782 with the establishment of Bangkok as the capital city. The period ended with the Siamese revolution of 1932.

title: Kingdom of Ireland

text: When Henry VIII was excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church in 1538, all but two of the bishops of the Church in Ireland followed the doctrine of the Church of England, although almost no clergy or laity did so. Having paid their "Annates" to the Papacy, the bishops had no reason to step down, and in the 1530s nobody knew how long the reformation would last. Unlike Henry VIII, this hierarchy was not excommunicated by the Papacy, and still controlled what became the State Church of the new Kingdom in 1542, and retained possession of most Church property (including a great repository of religious architecture and other items, though some were later destroyed). In 1553, Irish Catholics were heartened by the coronation of Queen Mary I, who persuaded the Papacy to recognise the Kingdom in 1555, via the papal bull "Ilius".

title: Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

text: Rama III regarded his brother Mongkut, who was said to be very popular among the British, as his heir, although as a monk Mongkut could not openly assume this role. He used his long sojourn as a monk to acquire a Western education from French and American missionaries and British merchants, one of the first Siamese to do so. He learned English and Latin, and studied science and mathematics. The missionaries no doubt hoped to convert him to Christianity, but he was a strict Buddhist and a Siamese nationalist. He intended using this Western knowledge to strengthen and modernise Siam when he came to the throne, which he did in 1851.

title: Siamese revolution of 1932

text: Since 1782 the Kingdom of Siam had been ruled by the Chakri Dynasty, founded by King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke, who declared the Rattanakosin Kingdom with himself as the King "Rama" (or Rama I). The capital city, Bangkok (built on Rattanakosin Island), was also founded by King Rama I. For over a century, the kings of Siam were able to protect the nation from neighbours (such as Burma) and other foreign nations, escaping colonialism from European powers such as Britain and France. In 1932 Siam, together with China and Japan, were the only independent countries remaining in East Asia.

title: Taksin

text: He was taken in a coup d'etat and executed and succeeded by his long-time friend Maha Ksatriyaseuk who then assumed the throne, founding the Rattanakosin Kingdom and the Chakri dynasty, which has since ruled Thailand. In recognition for what he did for the Thais, he is later awarded the title of "Maharaj" (The Great).

title: 1925 in Siam

text: The year 1925 was the 143rd year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam (now known as Thailand). It was the sixteenth and last year in the reign of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) and first year in the reign of King Prajadhipok (Rama VII), and is reckoned as years 2467 (1 January – 31 March) and 2468 (1 April – 31 December) in the Buddhist Era.

title: Rama I

text: Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok (), born Thongduang () and also known as Rama I (20 March 1737 – 7 September 1809), was the founder of Rattanakosin Kingdom and the first monarch of the reigning Chakri dynasty of Siam (now Thailand). His full title in Thai is "Phra Bat Somdet Phra Paramoruracha Mahachakkriborommanat Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok" (). He ascended the throne in 1782, after defeating a rebellion which had deposed King Taksin of Thonburi. He was also celebrated as the founder of Rattanakosin (now Bangkok) as the new capital of the reunited kingdom.

title: Thai monarchy family tree

text: Rattanakosin Kingdom and Kingdom of Thailand (1782–present)

title: Rattanakosin (disambiguation)

text: Rattanakosin is the period of Thai history since 1782, represented by the Rattanakosin Kingdom.

title: 1946 in Thailand

text: The year 1946 was the 165th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the twelfth and last year in the reign of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII), the first year in the reign of Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2489 in the Buddhist Era.

title: Kingdom of Bamum

text: Little is known about the kingdom’s material and social culture during this time. Originally, the language of state in the Bamum kingdom was that of the Tikar. This apparently did not last long, and the language of the conquered Mben was adopted. The economy was largely agricultural, and slave owning was practiced on a small scale. The Bamum kingdom traded with neighboring populations. They imported salt, iron, beads, cotton goods and copper objects.

title: Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

text: Coronation of the Thai monarch List of kings Kings' family tree

title: 2016 in Thailand

text: The year 2016 is the 235th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 71st and last year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), the first year in the reign of King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X). It is reckoned as year 2559 in the Buddhist Era.

title: 1851 in Siam

text: The year 1851 was the 70th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam (now known as Thailand). It was the 28th and last year in the reign of King Nangklao (Rama III), and the first year in the reign of King Mongkut (Rama IV).

title: Myinsaing Kingdom

text: The political unity the brothers achieved in central Burma fragile, and did not last long in any case. The kingdom split into two in 1315. Central Burma would not be reunited until five decades later (1364–67).

title: Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

text: Economically, from its foundation, Rattanakosin witnessed the growing role of Chinese merchants, a policy that started with King Taksin, himself the son of a Chinese merchant.[6] Beside merchants, Chinese farmers came to seek fortune in the new kingdom. Rattanakosin's rulers welcomed the Chinese economic stimulus. Some ethnic Chinese merchants became court officials. Chinese culture was accepted and promoted. Many Chinese works were translated by ethnic Chinese court dignitaries. Siam's relationship with the Chinese Empire was strong. Rama I claimed his blood-relation with Taksin, worrying that the Chinese court might reject his approval. The relationship was guaranteed by the tributary missions, continuing until the Rama IV's reign.

title: Thai literature

text:
Three most famous poets of the Ayutthaya Period were Sīprāt (1653-1688) (), Phra Maha Raja-Kru (), and Prince Thammathibet (1715-1755) (). Sriprat composed "Anirut Kham Chan" ("the tale of Prince Anirudha in "kham chan" poetry") which is considered to be one of the best "kham chan" composition in the Thai language. Prince Thammathibet composed many extant refined poems, including romantic "parting and longing" poems. He also composed Royal Barge Procession songs or "kap hé reu" () to be used during the King's grand seasonal water-way procession which is a unique tradition of the Siamese. His barge-procession songs are still considered best in the Thai repertoire of royal procession poems. Other notable literary works of the mid and late Ayutthaya Kingdom include:With the arrival of the Rattanakosin era, Thai literature experienced a rebirth of creative energy and reached its most prolific period. The Rattanakosin era is characterized by the imminent pressure to return to the literary perfection and to recover important literary works lost during the war between Ayutthaya and the Konbuang Empire. A considerable poetic and creative energy of this period was spent to revive or repair the national treasures which had been lost or damaged following the fall of the old Capital. Epics, notably "Ramakien" and "Khun Chang Khun Phaen", were recomposed or collected - with aid of surviving poets and troubadours who had committed them to memory (not rare in the 18th Century) - and written down for preservation. Nevertheless, many court singers and poets were carried away or killed by the invading Burmese army and some works were lost forever. But it goes to show how rich the Siamese literary creations, especially poetical works, must have been before the war, since so much still survived even after the destruction of their former Kingdom.
The royal poets of the early Rattanakosin did not merely recompose the damaged or lost works of the Ayutthaya era but they also improved upon them. The Ramakien epic, recomposed and selected from various extant versions, during this period is widely considered to be more carefully worded than the old version lost to the fire. In addition, whereas the poet of Ayutthaya period did not care to adhere to strict metrical regulation of the indianised prosody, the compositions of Rattanakosin poets are so much more faithful to the metrical requirements. As a result, the poetry became generally more refined but also was rather difficult for the common man to appreciate. The literary circle of the early Rattanakosin era still only accepted poets who had a thorough classical education, with deep learning in classical languages. It was in this period that a new poetical hero, Sunthorn Phu () (1786-1855) emerged to defy the traditional taste of the aristocrat. Sunthorn Phu consciously moved away from a difficult and stately language of court poetry and composed mostly in a popular poetical form called "klon suphap" (). He mastered and perfected the art of "klon suphap" and his verses in this genre are considered peerless in the Thai language to the present day. There were also other masterpieces of "Klon-suphap" poem from this era, such as "Ka Kee" – which influences the Cambodian "Ka key" – by Chao Phraya Phrakhlang (Hon).

title: Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

text: Part of a series on theHistory of Thailand Prehistory Early history Peopling of Thailand Initial statesLegendary Suvarnabhumi Central Thailand Dvaravati Lavo Supannabhum Northern Thailand Singhanavati Ngoenyang Hariphunchai Southern Thailand Pan Pan Raktamaritika Langkasuka Srivijaya Tambralinga Nakhon Si Thammarat Sultanate of Pattani Kedah Sultanate Malacca Sultanate Satun Reman History Sukhothai Kingdom Ayutthaya Kingdom Thonburi Kingdom Rattanakosin Kingdom 1932 to 1973 1973 to 2001 Since 2001 Regional history Isan Lanna Phitsanulok Bangkok Nakhon Si Thammarat Related topics Constitutional history Military history Economic history Thailandportalvt

title: Khan long hin

text: Story of Khan long hin was started since in Ayutthaya era, when Autthaya was the old capital city of Thailand. After capital change from Ayutthaya to Rattanakosin, Khan long hin was moved to Rattanakosin too. At that time, there are many houses in Baan Bu community make Khan long hin. But today, there is only one house in village that makes Khan long hin.

title: Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

text: Rama VI was the first king of Siam to set up a model of the constitution at Dusit Palace. He wanted first to see how things could be managed under this Western system. He saw advantages in the system, and thought that Siam could move slowly towards it, but could not be adopted right away as the majority of the Siamese people did not have enough education to understand such a change just yet. In 1916 higher education came to Siam. Rama VI set up Vajiravudh College, modeled after the British Eton College, as well as the first Thai university, Chulalongkorn University,[19] modeled after Oxbridge.

title: Thailand

text: Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym "Siamese" dates to the 12th century. Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, the Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as Ngoenyang, the Sukhothai Kingdom, Lan Na and the Ayutthaya Kingdom, which rivaled each other. European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya, one of the great powers in the region. Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai's reign (1656–88), gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in 1767 in a war with Burma. Taksin quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom. He was succeeded in 1782 by Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke, the first monarch of the Chakri dynasty and founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom, which lasted into the early 20th century.

title: Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

text: The maximum zone of influence of the Rattanakosin Kingdom included the vassal states of Cambodia, Laos, Burmese Shan States, and some Malay kingdoms. The kingdom was founded by King Rama I (Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok) of the Chakri Dynasty. The first half of this period was characterised by the consolidation of the kingdom's power and was punctuated by periodic conflicts with Burma, Vietnam and Laos. The second period was one of engagements with the colonial powers of Britain and France in which Siam managed to remain the only Southeast Asian nation to maintain its independence.[1]

title: Kingdom of Chiang Mai

text: Kingdom of Rattanatingsa or Kingdom of Chiang Mai (; ) was the vassal state of the Siamese Rattanakosin Kingdom in the 18th and 19th century before being annexed according to the centralization policies of Chulalongkorn in 1899. The kingdom was a successor of the medieval Lanna kingdom, which had been under Burmese rule for two centuries until it was captured by Siamese forces under Taksin of Thonburi in 1774. It was ruled by the Thipchak Dynasty and came under Thonburi and was later a Bangkokian tributary.

title: Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

text: In 1767, after dominating southeast Asia for almost 400 years, the Ayutthaya Kingdom was brought down by invading Burmese armies.[2]

title: Bang Lamphu

text: Bang Lamphu or spelled Banglampoo and Banglamphu (, ; in the past, it was often misspelled บางลำภู) is a neighbourhood in Bangkok located in Phra Nakhon District. The history of the Bang Lamphu community dates to the establishment of the Rattanakosin Kingdom, or earlier. Bang Lamphu covers an area north of Phra Nakhon in Rattanakosin Island from Phra Athit Road to Samsen Road, which leads toward Dusit District.

title: Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

text: The legacy that Prajadhipok received from his elder brother were problems of the sort that had become chronic in the Sixth Reign. The most urgent of these was the economy: the finances of the state were in chaos, the budget heavily in deficit, and the royal accounts a nightmare of debts and questionable transactions. That the rest of the world was deep in the Great Depression following World War I did not help the situation either.

title: 1900 in Siam

text: The year 1900 was the 119th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam (now known as Thailand). It was the 33rd year in the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), and is reckoned as years 118 (1 January – 31 March) and 119 (1 April – 31 December) in the Rattanakosin Era.11 May – Pridi Banomyong was born in Ayutthaya Province

title: Rattanakosin Island

text: King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) founded the city as the capital of his new Rattanakosin Kingdom in 1782.

title: Xin Xianying

text: When Xin Pi told his daughter about it, she sighed and said: "A crown prince will succeed a ruler and inherit his kingdom one day. How can he succeed his father without feeling sad? How can he rule a kingdom without feeling intimidated? If he expresses joy instead of sadness and fear, how can his kingdom last long? How can Wei prosper?"

title: Thonburi Kingdom

text: Kingdom of Thonburi (Thai: ธนบุรี) was a Siamese kingdom after the downfall of the Ayutthaya Kingdom by the Konbaung Burmese invader. The kingdom was founded by King Taksin the Great, who relocated the capital to Thonburi. The kingdom of Thonburi existed from 1767 to 1782. In 1782, King Rama I founded the Rattanakosin Kingdom and relocated the capital to Bangkok on the other side of the Chao Phraya River, thus bringing the Thonburi kingdom to an end. The city of Thonburi remained an independent town and province until it was merged into Bangkok in 1971.


query: What was the first Nintendo game?

title: History of Nintendo

text: Nintendo released the first solar-powered light gun, the Nintendo Beam Gun,[12] in 1970; this was the first commercially available light-gun for home use, produced in partnership with Sharp.[13]

title: Amiibo

text: On August 27, 2015, an Amiibo toy of the titular character from the indie video game "Shovel Knight" was unveiled, which will unlock content exclusive to the 3DS and Wii U versions of the game and its future installments. It is the first Amiibo toy of a non-Nintendo character that is not associated with a first-party title; previous Amiibo toys of third-party characters were associated with "Super Smash Bros." Additionally, production and distribution of the figurine will be overseen by the game's publisher, Yacht Club Games, rather than Nintendo (except in Japan where the latter is the publisher), although it will still officially be marketed by Nintendo as part of the Amiibo line as a form of brand licensing. Explaining the arrangement, a Nintendo representative stated that "we were like, what's one thing that Nintendo could do that nobody [else] could ever do?"

title: Carnival Games (series)

text: Carnival Games is a video game series for Nintendo's Wii, Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo Switch and Microsoft's Kinect for Xbox 360. It was published by Global Star Software (GSS), which has now been absorbed into Take-Two Interactive (and what is now 2K Play). The series consists of "Carnival Games", "Carnival Games Mini-Golf", "New Carnival Games", "Carnival Games Monkey See, Monkey Do" (aka "Carnival Games In Action"), and "Carnival Games Wild West 3D".

title: Super Mario Bros. 3

text: During 1988, a shortage of ROM chips, along with Nintendo's preparation of Super Mario Bros. 2, prevented Nintendo from performing various North American game releases according to their original schedules. The delayed products included "Super Mario Bros. 3" and, according to "Nintendo Power", "". The delay, however, presented Nintendo with an opportunity to promote the game in a feature film. In 1989, Tom Pollack of Universal Studios approached Nintendo of America's marketing department about a video game movie; inspired by Nintendo video game competitions, Pollack envisioned a video game version of "Tommy" for younger audiences. Nintendo licensed its products for inclusion in what would become the film "The Wizard". During the movie's production, the filmmakers requested and were granted approval from Nintendo regarding the script and the portrayal of the company's games. "Super Mario Bros. 3" was one of the products shown in the film and was used in a final scene involving a video game competition. The film was released in December 1989, between the Japanese and English versions of the game.

title: Nintendo Switch

text: The Switch did not launch with any bundled games, nor had any pre-loaded games or game demos; Fils-Aimé stated that once they had decided on the price point and evaluated the forthcoming game lineup, they opted to allow consumers to choose which games to get rather than include one in the bundle and increase its price. At least ten games were shipped or digitally available alongside the Switch in North America during launch day, including Nintendo's first-party titles "" and "1-2-Switch". Six first-party Nintendo games, over a dozen third-party games, and over 60 indie games are scheduled for release during 2017. Fils-Aimé said that Nintendo plans a "steady cadence of content" for the Switch after launch, avoiding the perceived situation with gaps between major releases for Wii U software. Kimishima said that Nintendo scheduled its first-party releases "to continue to provide new titles regularly without long gaps", as this "encourages consumers to continue actively playing the system, maintains buzz, and spurs continued sales momentum for Nintendo Switch." Journalists noted that Nintendo appeared to be pledged to this approach following their schedule of planned released for first-party games for the Switch as announced during E3 2017, with a new title roughly every month into early 2018.

title: Nintendo arcade machines

text: Nintendo released a series of arcade games in the 1970s and 80s. The company made toys and trading card games prior to their film projection-based light gun games from 1973 to 1978. Nintendo released its first electronic arcade game in 1978, an adaptation of the board game "Reversi". Many of Nintendo's first video games were knockoffs, or "clones", of existing games with slight variations, including "Breakout" clones and clones of "Space Invaders" and "Galaga". Nintendo also successfully released its first Japanese home consoles, the Color TV series, which brought arcade games to personal televisions.

title: Xenoblade Chronicles X

text: "Xenoblade Chronicles X" was developed by Japanese development company Monolith Soft, with Tetsuya Takahashi forming the original concept and serving as the game's executive director. Following the completion of "Xenoblade Chronicles" for the Wii in 2011, Takahashi approached Nintendo producer Hitoshi Yamagami and asked if he could develop a new science fiction-themed role-playing game built upon the systems of "Xenoblade Chronicles". Yamagami and Nintendo were willing, and talks turned towards what Takahashi and Monolith Soft could do on Nintendo's Wii U console. "Xenoblade Chronicles" directors Genki Yokota of Nintendo and Koh Kojima of Monolith Soft returning in their original roles. The producers were Shingo Kawabata of Monolith Soft and Hitoshi Yamagami of Nintendo. Discussions about how to realize "Xenoblade Chronicle X" went on for around six months. While planned for release early in the Wii U's life cycle, the planned release date was pushed forward due to development issues. They later commented that it was a challenge fitting the entire game onto a single Wii U game disc, with Kawabata commenting that the game "barely fits" onto the 32 gigabyte disc. "Xenoblade Chronicles X" was Monolith Soft's first high-definition video game. To help cope with this first, the team decided against using cutting-edge technology when designing the game. The team used the lessons and experience from their time developing "Xenoblade Chronicles", in addition to setting limits upon what they did during production; a specified self-imposed limitation was not using middleware to speed up the production process.

title: Mario Party 3

text: Like most games in the "Mario Party" franchise, "Mario Party 3" was developed by Hudson Soft and published by Nintendo. It is also the first "Mario Party" game to have multiple save slots and the first to have Princess Daisy and Waluigi as playable characters. It is also the final "Mario" game for the Nintendo 64 and the third and final "Mario Party" game to be released on the Nintendo 64 as the next game would be released on the Nintendo GameCube.

title: Nintendo video game consoles

text: Although the company had earlier released Color TV Game and Game & Watch, which were their first and second systems respectfully, they did not achieve worldwide success until the release of the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1983. The NES restarted the video game industry after the video game crash of 1983, and was an international success. In 1989, Nintendo released the Game Boy, which became the first handheld console to sell in large numbers. In the early 1990s, Nintendo's market lead began to decrease; although the 1990 Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) was a strong seller, the Mega Drive/Genesis was a very strong contender. Nintendo and Sega would both lose a significant portion of the console market towards the end of the 1990s, as Sony Computer Entertainment's PlayStation became the most popular console, beating the Nintendo 64, though Nintendo managed to sell more than Sega Saturn.

title: History of Nintendo

text: On June 23, 1996, the Nintendo 64 (N64) was released in Japan, selling over 500,000 units on the first day of its release.[17] On September 29, 1996, Nintendo released the Nintendo 64 in North America, selling out the initial shipment of 350,000.[17] Many feel that the advertising onslaught by Sony at this time did not truly begin to take effect until many of the consumers who held out for the N64 became frustrated at the lack of software following the first few months after the system's release. What also greatly contributed to the extremely competitive climate that Nintendo was entrenched in was the fact that many third-party companies immediately began developing and releasing many of their leading games for Nintendo's competing consoles. Many of those third party companies cited cheaper development and manufacturing costs for the CD format, versus the cartridge format. On December 1, 1999, Nintendo released an add-on to the Nintendo 64 in Japan, titled the Nintendo 64DD, although it was never released elsewhere.

title: Super Smash Bros. (video game)

text: "Super Smash Bros." was developed by HAL Laboratory, a Nintendo second-party developer, during . Masahiro Sakurai was interested in making a fighting game for four players. As he did not yet have any original ideas, his first designs were of simple base characters. He made a presentation of what was then called "Kakuto-Geemu Ryuoh" ("Dragon King: The Fighting Game") to co-worker Satoru Iwata, who helped him continue. Sakurai understood that many fighting games did not sell well and that he had to think of a way to make his game original. His first idea was to include famous Nintendo characters and put them in a fight. Knowing he would not get permission, Sakurai made a prototype of the game without sanction from Nintendo and did not inform them until he was sure the game was well-balanced. The prototype he presented featured Mario, Donkey Kong, Samus and Fox as playable characters. The idea was later approved. Although never acknowledged by Nintendo or any developers behind "Super Smash Bros.", third party sources have identified Namco's 1995 fighting game "The Outfoxies" as a possible inspiration.

title: Nintendo marketing

text: Nintendo of America engaged in an ad campaign that featured the "Who Are You?" slogan across Nintendo's entire product line, to market the wide range of games Nintendo offers. The idea behind the "Who Are You?" campaign was that "you are what you play"; the kind of game a person enjoys playing suggests something about that gamer's personality. The "Who Are You?" logo was designed in graffiti-style lettering. Most of the "Who Are You?" commercials advertised games developed or published by Nintendo, but some developers paid Nintendo to promote their games, using Nintendo's marketing and advertising resources.

title: Nintendo Australia

text: In January 2008, Nintendo Australia announced that they would sponsor the 2008 Australian Open as the official gaming console. Because of that sponsorship, Nintendo Australia held a Nintendo Wii competition called "Wii Championships". The winner got to play Mark Philippoussis. There was also a lounge to relax and play "Sight Training". Nintendo Australia announced in mid-2008 that it would open an Australian Nintendo World Centre in Melbourne in the near future and opening stores in Sydney and Brisbane is a possibility. In November Nintendo Australia and EB Games Australia announced "The Nintendo Experience", which is essentially a demonstration of what Nintendo has to offer. It was held at EB Games' Swanston Street store, and EB Games has hinted that it is looking at doing the same thing in Brisbane and certain stores on Queensland's East Coast since EB Games Australia's headquarters are in Brisbane. Nintendo Australia ran a competition for 15 VIPs to attend on its opening night. Rose Lappin announced that Club Nintendo Australia would launch at Christmas or Q1 2009.

title: Crash: Mind over Mutant

text: The Nintendo DS version of the game received generally negative reviews compared to the console version. Mike David of GameZone denounced the game as the "first really disappointing "Crash" title", while Neal Ronaghan of Nintendo World Report felt that the game "leaves much to be desired in terms of depth and level design." Craig Harris of IGN affectionately christened the Nintendo DS version a "boring, drab, uninspired beat 'em up with none of what made last year's game so good on DS."

title: Nintendo

text: In 1996, Nintendo released the Ultra 64 as the Nintendo 64 in Japan and North America. The console was later released in Europe and Australia in 1997. The Nintendo 64 continued what had become a Nintendo tradition of hardware design which is focused less on high performance specifications than on design innovations intended to inspire game development. With its market shares slipping to the Sega Saturn and partner-turned-rival Sony PlayStation, Nintendo revitalized its brand by launching a $185 million marketing campaign centered around the "Play it Loud" slogan. During the same year, Nintendo also released the Game Boy Pocket in Japan, a smaller version of the Game Boy that generated more sales for the platform. On 4 October 1997, famed Nintendo developer Gunpei Yokoi died in a car crash. In 1997, Nintendo released the SNS-101 (called Super Famicom Jr. in Japan), a smaller redesigned version of the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.

title: Game Boy family

text: Nintendo's Game Boy handheld was first released in 1989. The gaming device was the brainchild of long-time Nintendo employee Gunpei Yokoi, who was the person behind the "Ultra Hand", an expanding arm toy created and produced by Nintendo in 1970, long before Nintendo would enter the video game market. Yokoi was also responsible for the Game & Watch series of handhelds when Nintendo made the move from toys to video games.

title: Nintendo DS

text: Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection was a free online game service run by Nintendo. Players with a compatible Nintendo DS game could connect to the service via a Wi-Fi network using a Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector or a wireless router. The service was launched in North America on November 14, 2005 with the release of Mario Kart DS.[66] Various online games and a web browser were released afterwards, with Nintendo later believing that the online platform's success directly propelled the commercial success of the entire Nintendo DS platform. The Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection served as part of the basis of what would become the Wii.[67] Most functions (for games on both the DS and Wii consoles) were discontinued worldwide on May 20, 2014.[68]

title: Culture of the People's Republic of China

text:
Yomiuri picks up on Sony and only estimates that many Chinese people will buy games of Sony. However, Asahi, picks up Sony too, says that it is difficult for Sony to sell their games in China, because there is a lot of games what is copied illegally and it is likely to be censored by government of China and happen competition between game　companies. Zaikei Shimbun says about Sony and Microsoft, and says that this two companies will not able to benefit in China, because of response of government and the current situation of China. Reuter picks up on Nintendo and says that Nintendo will release a new game for developing countries, including China. According to this article, Nintendo will sell their game in a new way that another game companies had not use yet. Unlike other many articles, this article implies that Nintendo will able to benefit in China. Yahoo news, like Yomiuri, does not say about many obstacles for game companies.
Nikkei’s article was written when selling games was not deregulated, but it was written the reason why government of China regulated something, why they considered deregulation, and what process they needed to deregulate about selling games. It was also written that what will be happen in the game industry after they deregulate about selling games and will Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo be able to benefit from selling their games. Like this, each media have various opinions. So, it is important that we consider many facts and recognize what is true fact.

title: Geist (video game)

text: A prototype of the game was developed by n-Space, who approached Nintendo to be the game's publisher. Nintendo accepted, making "Geist" the second GameCube game published by Nintendo to receive an M-rating (the first being ""). In the following years, Nintendo and n-Space worked closely on "Geist". The game was first shown at the E3 2003 and was announced to be part of the GameCube's line-up for 2003. However, it was delayed multiple times, making it two years of delay for fine-tuning. During that time, the game's genre changed from first-person shooter to first-person action-adventure with second-person elements. The "Geist" franchise is owned by Nintendo, due to their contract with n-Space.

title: 1993 congressional hearings on video games

text: During this period, two key players were Nintendo and Sega. Nintendo had been instrumental in helping to recover the North American market after the crash with the introduction of the Nintendo Entertainment System; in 1990, with its release of the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), Nintendo sales accounted for 90% of the US market. However, to avoid repeating one of the issues that caused the crash, Nintendo took care to limit and review what third-party games could be made for its platforms to avoid a glut of poor games. Sega, which had already released its Mega Drive in Japan, found their sales to be lagging behind Nintendo. In a aggressive campaign aimed at the United States market, the Mega Drive was renamed the Sega Genesis, and heavily pushed the game "Sonic the Hedgehog", with its titular character aimed to become Sega's mascot and rival that of Nintendo's Mario. Sega was less selective about what titles it wanted for the platform, allowing many more third-party games onto the system to increase its library in contrast to Nintendo's. Further, Sega used marketing language purposely aimed at Nintendo, such as "Sega does what Nintendon't". By 1992, Sega had obtained 65% of the US gaming market, overtaking Nintendo's dominant position. Subsequently a strong rivalry between Nintendo and Sega was formed, referred as the "Console Wars", which continued through the next decade and into the fifth generation of consoles, after which Sega dropped out of the hardware market and became principally a game developer and publisher, and at times working collaborative with Nintendo.

title: Bill Trinen

text: Trinen began work with Nintendo translating bug reports on "", and was then hired full-time for the Nintendo Treehouse, its game localization division. Trinen described his responsibilities in the Treehouse as "helping explain to people at Nintendo what the cool new features of the games are and points to focus on in PR and marketing". Trinen's first translation project was "Mario Party", a Nintendo 64 game first released in 1998. Trinen became the interpreter for Shigeru Miyamoto six months into the job by request of former NOA software engineering manager Jim Merrick. Trinen has also presented in various North American Nintendo Direct presentations. Trinen is a significant public figure of NOA's Nintendo Treehouse division.

title: List of Yoshi video games

text: The series revolves around Yoshi, a green dinosaur-like character. He was first introduced in the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) game released in 1990, "Super Mario World", where Mario and Luigi can ride on him. The antagonists of the series are Baby Bowser, the young king of Koopas, and Kamek, a Magikoopa who was Bowser's caretaker as a child. The first Yoshi game was the Nintendo Entertainment System puzzle game released in 1991, "Yoshi", which was developed by Game Freak. The first game in what is considered the main series, as well as the first to feature Yoshi in a playable main-character role, is the game released in 1995, "", which introduces the universe staples which are used in many following games. These staples include colorful storybook graphics, and several gameplay elements. One of the earlier games in the series, "Yoshi's Safari", differs heavily from the rest, as it is a Light gun shooter game. The latest game in the series is "Poochy and Yoshi's Woolly World", a port of the Wii U game "Yoshi's Woolly World", released in 2017 for the Nintendo 3DS. An upcoming title, "Yoshi's Crafted World" is set to be released for the Nintendo Switch on March 29, 2019.

title: Wii

text: The Wii system supports wireless connectivity with the Nintendo DS without any additional accessories. This connectivity allows the player to use the Nintendo DS microphone and touchscreen as inputs for Wii games. The first game utilizing Nintendo DS-Wii connectivity is "Pokémon Battle Revolution". Players with either the "Pokémon Diamond" or "Pearl" Nintendo DS games are able to play battles using the Nintendo DS as a controller. "", released on both Nintendo DS and Wii, features connectivity in which both games can advance simultaneously. Nintendo later released the Nintendo Channel, which allows Wii owners to download game demos or additional data to their Nintendo DS in a process similar to that of a DS Download Station. The console is also able to expand Nintendo DS games.

title: F-Zero GX

text: "F-Zero GX" and "AX" was the first significant video game collaboration between Nintendo and Sega. After Sega transited from first to third-party development in 2001, the two companies developed a close relationship and worked together on "F-Zero GX" and "AX". Amusement Vision president, Toshihiro Nagoshi, was working on "Super Monkey Ball" for GameCube which opened up the opportunity for a collaboration between the two companies. Since Sega helped to develop Nintendo's Triforce arcade system, the company wanted to support it with software that would "stand out and draw attention to Nintendo's platform." Nagoshi was suggested to develop a driving game and agreed under the stipulation he could come up with something unique—which was working on the next installment in Nintendo's "F-Zero" series. During its development, Nagoshi focused on what he called the self-explanatory "Interface" of the game, and "Rhythm"—to give the way the tracks are laid out a rhythmic feel. Miyamoto stated "[Nintendo] have gained a lot of fans among current game developers, including famous producers like Mr. Nagoshi who grew up playing Nintendo games and are big fans of some of our titles." In 2002, Nagoshi claimed that 1991's "F-Zero" "actually taught me what a game should be" and that it served as an influence for him to create "Daytona USA" and other racing games. Before development started on "F-Zero GX" and "AX", he mentioned abandoning the project due to personal pressures he faced to make a great impression on Nintendo and personal admiration of an established franchise. Still the announcement that Nintendo had handled development of one of its franchises to former competitor Sega came as a surprise to some critics.

title: First generation of video game consoles

text: This was also the first involvement of Nintendo in video games. According to Martin Picard in the "International Journal of Computer Game Research": "in 1971, Nintendo had -- even before the marketing of the first home console in the United States -- an alliance with the American pioneer Magnavox to develop and produce optoelectronic guns for the Odyssey (released in 1972), since it was similar to what Nintendo was able to offer in the Japanese toy market in 1970s".

title: Nintendo DSi system software

text: On the Nintendo DSi, there are a collection of games and applications specifically designed for the Nintendo DSi handheld game console and available for download via the DSi Shop, known as DSiWare. Since these games and applications are specifically targeted for the Nintendo DSi, they are not compatible with the original Nintendo DS or Nintendo DS Lite consoles. The Nintendo DSi is Nintendo's first region-locked handheld; it prevents using certain software released for another region, unlike original Nintendo DS models. But as a member of the Nintendo DS line, the Nintendo DSi is backward compatible with most original Nintendo DS games, and cartridge software compatible with previous models including original DS games, Internet browsing, and photo sharing are not region-locked. Later, its successor, the Nintendo 3DS consoles also adopted this approach, and as a result all Nintendo DSi and 3DS-specific games are locked to a certain region, while original DS games are still region-free. In addition to DSiWare, which are DSi-exclusive (although later they can also run on a 3DS), there are also "DSi-enhanced" games containing DSi-exclusive features, but can still be played with earlier Nintendo DS models. While most original DS games can run on the DSi, the DSi is not backward compatible with Game Boy Advance (GBA) games or original DS games that require a GBA slot, since the DSi itself lacks of such a slot, unlike the DS and DS Lite. Because of this absence, the DSi is also not backward compatible with accessories requiring the GBA slot, such as the Nintendo DS Rumble Pak. Homebrew flash cards designed for previous DS models are incompatible with the DSi, but new cards capable of running DS software (or even DSiWare) on a DSi were available. While users cannot transfer purchased DSiWare on Nintendo DSi consoles between units, most DSiWare can be transferred to a Nintendo 3DS, although not saved data. Like the Nintendo DSi, the Nintendo 3DS is backward compatible with most Nintendo DS and Nintendo DSi software.

title: Nintendo

text: The gold sunburst seal was first used by Nintendo of America, and later Nintendo of Europe. It is displayed on any game, system, or accessory licensed for use on one of its video game consoles, denoting the game has been properly approved by Nintendo. The seal is also displayed on any Nintendo-licensed merchandise, such as trading cards, game guides, or apparel, albeit with the words "Official Nintendo Licensed Product".

title: Atari 7800

text: During the 7800's life cycle, Atari found themselves struggling to get developers to create 7800 versions of then-popular arcade titles because of a controversial policy employed by Nintendo. When Nintendo entered the industry, it signed up software development companies to create Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) games under a strict license agreement which imposed serious restrictions on what they were allowed to do. One of the key clauses was that companies who made Nintendo games were not allowed to make that game on a competing system for a period of two years. Because of the market success of the NES, companies chose to develop for it first and were thus barred from developing the same games on competing systems for two years. The software libraries of the Atari 7800 and Sega Master System suffered tremendously as a result.

title: Turok: Dinosaur Hunter

text: Development of "Turok" commenced in 1996. While loosely based on the comic book, Iguana made the game more action-oriented. In early discussions about the project the developers decided that the typical side-scrolling game presentation had become tired. Iguana considered a third-person perspective similar to "Super Mario 64" and "Tomb Raider", but decided to make the game a first-person shooter instead. According to project manager David Dienstbier, the first-person perspective was a natural way to showcase the 3D power of the Nintendo 64. While the development team benefited from Acclaim's clout as a longtime Nintendo supporter, getting earlier feedback from the publisher and more face-to-face time during production, most of the developers at Iguana were new and inexperienced; "Turok" was Dienstbier's first title. Due to the game's action and violent content, Dienstbier believed they were pushing the limits of what Nintendo would allow on their console, but Nintendo never asked to see or approve anything in the game.

title: History of Nintendo

text: In 1972, the first commercially available video game console, the Magnavox Odyssey, had a light gun accessory, the Shooting Gallery.[15] This was the first involvement of Nintendo in video games. According to Martin Picard in the International Journal of Computer Game Research: "in 1971, Nintendo had -- even before the marketing of the first home console in the United States -- an alliance with the American pioneer Magnavox to develop and produce optoelectronic guns for the Odyssey (released in 1972), since it was similar to what Nintendo was able to offer in the Japanese toy market in 1970s".[16]

title: Nintendo Network

text: In Japan, the first games to introduce Nintendo Network officially were "Theatrhythm Final Fantasy" and "Tekken 3D: Prime Edition", which were both released on the same day in February 2012. The first game that officially introduced the Nintendo Network outside Japan was "Kid Icarus: Uprising", released in March 2012. Most games that were released with Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection support prior to the launch of the Nintendo Network were later rebranded as Nintendo Network compatible games, including Nintendo 3DS launch titles such as "Nintendogs + Cats".


query: When was Zelda first released?

title: The Legend of Zelda

text: Since the original The Legend of Zelda was released in 1986, the series has expanded to include 19 entries on all of Nintendo's major game consoles, as well as a number of spin-offs. An American animated TV series based on the games aired in 1989 and individual manga adaptations commissioned by Nintendo have been produced in Japan since 1997. The Legend of Zelda is one of Nintendo's most prominent and successful franchises; many of its games are considered by critics to be among the greatest video games of all time.

title: List of The Legend of Zelda media

text: "The Legend of Zelda" is a video game series created by game designers Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka. It is developed and published by Nintendo. The series debuted in Japan with "The Legend of Zelda" (known in Japan as "The Hyrule Fantasy: Zelda no Densetsu") on February 21, 1986, and was later released in North America (August 22, 1987) and Europe (November 27, 1987). "The Legend of Zelda" video games have been developed exclusively for Nintendo video game consoles and handhelds, dating from the Family Computer Disk System to the current generation of video game consoles. Spin-off titles, however, have been released on non-Nintendo systems. The franchise consists of 27 video games, including original titles, ports, and remakes. Over 52 million copies have been sold since the release of the first game. The franchise also includes a cartoon adaptation, multiple comic book adaptations, and soundtracks.

title: Zelda Fitzgerald

text: By September, Scott had completed his first novel, "This Side of Paradise", and the manuscript was quickly accepted for publication. When he heard the novel had been accepted, Scott wrote to his editor Maxwell Perkins, urging an accelerated release: "I have so many things dependent on its success—including of course a girl." In November, he returned to Montgomery, triumphant with the news of his novel. Zelda agreed to marry him once the book was published; he, in turn, promised to bring her to New York with "all the iridescence of the beginning of the world." "This Side of Paradise" was published on March 26, Zelda arrived in New York on March 30, and on April 3, 1920, before a small wedding party in St. Patrick's Cathedral, they married. According to Canterbery and Birch (and Fitzgerald himself), this first novel was Fitzgerald's "ace in the hole", a poker term. Scott saw the novel's publication as the way to Zelda's heart.

title: The Legend of Zelda

text: The Legend of Zelda, the first game of the series, was first released in Japan on February 21, 1986, on the Famicom Disk System.[55] A cartridge version, using battery-backed memory, was released in the United States on August 22, 1987, and Europe on November 27, 1987. The game features a "Second Quest," accessible either upon completing the game, or by registering one's name as "ZELDA" when starting a new quest. The Second Quest features different dungeons and item placement, and more difficult enemies.[56]

title: The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past

text: The score to "A Link to the Past" was composed, arranged, and produced by Koji Kondo. The overworld theme of "The Legend of Zelda" ("Hyrule Overture") returns in "A Link to the Past", redone in S-SMP style. The theme is also featured in "Light World Overworld" and in "End Credits". "A Link to the Past" helped to establish the musical core of the "Zelda" series. While the first game originated the "Hyrule Overture", many recurring motifs of the "Zelda" scores come from "A Link to the Past", including "Zelda's Lullaby" (Princess Zelda's Theme), "Ganondorf's Theme", "Hyrule Castle" (Royal Family Theme), "Kakariko Village" and "Select Screen/Fairy Cave". These themes have been used in subsequent "The Legend of Zelda" games. A soundtrack to "Kamigami no Triforce", entitled "The Legend of Zelda: Sound and Drama", was released by Sony Records in Japan on June 22, 1994. The first disc is 44 minutes long and features rearranged versions of a selection of the game's themes, along with a bonus drama track. The second disc features 54 minutes of the original arrangements for the game and those of the original NES game, "The Legend of Zelda".

title: Satellaview games from The Legend of Zelda series

text: First announced during an early July 1995 SoundLink Magazine broadcast of Hikaru Ijuin's , the official "BS Zelda" pre-release party was hosted by Hikari Ōta and took place during the August 3, 1995 SoundLink Magazine broadcast of Bakushō Mondai, and the first episode of "BS Zelda" was released on Sunday August 6, 1995 with new episodes broadcast every subsequent Sunday through the 27th. The game was re-broadcast on at least 4 subsequent occasions as reruns throughout the lifetime of the Satellaview.

title: Zelda II: The Adventure of Link

text: Zelda II: The Adventure of Link is an action role-playing video game with platforming elements. The second installment in "The Legend of Zelda" series, it was developed and published by Nintendo for the Family Computer Disk System on January 14, 1987, less than a year after the original "The Legend of Zelda" was released and seven months before North America saw the release of the first "Zelda" title. The game was released in North America and the PAL region for the Nintendo Entertainment System in late 1988, almost two years after its initial release in Japan.

title: The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask

text: "Majora's Mask" first appeared in the media in May 1999, when "Famitsu" stated that a long-planned "Zelda" expansion for the 64DD was underway in Japan. This project was tentatively titled ""Ura Zelda"" ("ura" translates roughly to "hidden" or "behind"). This expansion would take "Ocarina of Time" and alter the level designs, similar to how the "master quest" expanded upon the original "Legend of Zelda". In June, Nintendo announced that ""Zelda: Gaiden"", which roughly translates to ""Zelda: Side Story"", would appear as a playable demo at the Nintendo Space World exhibition on August 27, 1999. The media assumed that "Zelda: Gaiden" was the new working title for "Ura Zelda".

title: The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening

text: In addition to the main quest, "Link's Awakening" contains side-missions and diversions. Collectible "secret seashells" are hidden throughout the game; when twenty of these are found, the player can receive a powerful sword that fires energy beams when the player character is at full health, similar to the sword in the original "The Legend of Zelda". "Link's Awakening" is the first "Zelda" game to include a trading sequence minigame: the player may give a certain item to a character, who in turn gives the player another item to trade with someone else. It is also the first game in the "Zelda" series in which the A and B buttons may be assigned to different items, which enables more varied puzzles and item combinations. Other series elements originating in "Link's Awakening" include fishing, and learning special songs on an ocarina; the latter mechanic is central to the next "Zelda" game released, "".

text: The game's title derives the "BS" portion of its name from the Broadcast Satellite system through which the game was transmitted by the distributor, St.GIGA, to Satellaview owners between the date of the first broadcast (in August 1995) and the last broadcast (in January 1997). As the Satellaview's first SoundLink Game, broadcasts for "BS Zelda no Densetsu" were composed of both a discretely quantifiable portion of game code and a continually streaming vocal track. Employing the voices of voice actors, "BS Zelda no Densetsu" became the world's first integrated radio-game and it marks the first time that a "Zelda" title released by Nintendo would utilize spoken dialog.

title: The Legend of Zelda

text: Three Zelda-themed LCD games were created between 1989 and 1992. The Zelda version of Nintendo's Game & Watch series was released first in August 1989 as a dual-screen handheld electronic game similar in appearance to today's Nintendo DS. It was re-released in 1998 as a Toymax, Inc. Mini Classic and was later included as an unlockable extra in Game & Watch Gallery 4, a 2002 compilation for the Game Boy Advance. While the Game & Watch Zelda was developed in-house by Nintendo, the subsequent two LCD games were developed by third parties under license by Nintendo. In October 1989, The Legend of Zelda was developed by Nelsonic as part of its Game Watch line. This game was an actual digital watch with primitive gameplay based on the original Legend of Zelda. In 1992, Epoch Co. developed Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce for its Barcode Battler II console. The game employed card-scanning technology similar to the later-released Nintendo e-Reader.

title: The Legend of Zelda (TV series)

text: "Zelda" was first released in the early 1990s along with the "Super Mario Bros." cartoon. It was produced in the form of two-episode VHS tapes in four volumes; the gold color of the VHS slipcases matched that of the original NES games. The series was released on DVD in two volumes by the animation company "Allumination FilmWorks" The first DVD, "Ganon's Evil Tower", was released on July 22, 2003, including three episodes of the "Zelda" cartoon and two of "Sonic Underground". The second DVD was released on September 27, 2005, titled "Havoc in Hyrule", containing a further five "Zelda" episodes.

title: The Legend of Zelda

text: The next game, Link's Awakening, is the first Zelda for Nintendo's Game Boy handheld, and the first set outside Hyrule and to exclude Princess Zelda. It was released in 1993, and re-released, in full color, as a launch game for the Game Boy Color in 1998 as Link's Awakening DX. This re-release features additions such as an extra color-based dungeon and a photo shop that allows interaction with the Game Boy Printer.

title: The Legend of Zelda

text: Four years later, The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past returned to the top-down view (under a 3/4 perspective), and added the concept of an alternate dimension, the Dark World. The game was released for the Super NES on November 21, 1991.[55] It was later re-released for the Game Boy Advance on March 14, 2003, in North America, on a cartridge with Four Swords,[55] the first multiplayer Zelda, and then through Nintendo's Virtual Console service on January 22, 2007. In addition, both this game (unchanged, except for being converted into a downloadable format)[57] and an exclusive "loosely based" sequel (which used the same game engine) called BS Zelda no Densetsu Inishie no Sekiban[58] were released on the Satellaview in Japan on March 2, 1997, and March 30, 1997, respectively.

text: Between August 6, 1995 and May 30, 1999, Nintendo, in collaboration with St.GIGA, broadcast three different "The Legend of Zelda" titles to fans for download via the Super Famicom's Satellaview subsystem. BS Zelda no Densetsu, BS Zelda no Densetsu: MAP2, and BS Zelda no Densetsu: Inishie no Sekiban all featured SoundLink narration which was the first time that Nintendo-sponsored "Zelda" titles made use of voice-actors to provide vocal tracks. As the first SoundLink Game released via Satellaview, "BS Zelda no Densetsu" in particular was identified by Nintendo as the world's first integrated radio-game. Also broadcast during this time, starting on March 2, 1997, was a non-SoundLink port of "", known as "Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce" in Japan. Broadcasts of "Kamigami no Triforce" continued periodically throughout the tenure of Nintendo's partnership with St.GIGA (which ended on May 30, 1999), after which St.GIGA independently broadcast the game until May 29, 2000.

title: CD-i games from The Legend of Zelda series

text: Paired with "Zelda: Wand of Gamelon" in a simultaneous release, "Link: The Faces of Evil" represents the first of the "Zelda" games to be released by Philips for the CD-i. Following the traditional Link-saves-Zelda plotline, "Faces of Evil" was patterned most closely upon Nintendo's previous side-scroller, "". The game broke new ground in the video game industry by using outsourced Russian animation to create all cutscenes, and the game received largely positive contemporary reception. Modern criticism is almost universal in its harsh negativity toward the game and the animated cutscenes have become particular targets of derision.

title: The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker

text:
The soundtrack is primarily environmental; it modulates between various tracks depending on location, time and other conditions. Much of the score is inspired by traditional Irish music, and is overall lighter and more upbeat than previous scores in the series. The advancement of MIDI technology allowed the soundtrack to more closely approximate the sounds of real instruments than was possible in previous installments. The score features strings, winds, brass, and percussion, and for the first time in the "Zelda" series, wordless vocals. The vocals are especially prominent in the tunes Link conducts with the Wind Waker, singing in D major. Shigeru Miyamoto reportedly played the mandolin featured in the "Title Theme". Scitron Digital Content released a two-disc, 133-track soundtrack album, "The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker Original Sound Tracks", on March 19, 2003.
"The Wind Waker" was released on December 13, 2002 in Japan, on March 24, 2003 in North America, and on May 2, 2003 in Europe. To promote the release, Nintendo offered a bonus disc as a pre-order incentive which included a GameCube port of "Ocarina of Time" as well as its previously unreleased expansion, "Ura Zelda". "Ura Zelda", largely an adaptation of "Ocarina of Time" with some changes, including new dungeon challenges, had been developed for the Nintendo 64's 64DD peripheral, but was shelved when that system failed. "Ura Zelda" was named "Ocarina of Time Master Quest" in North America and Europe. "Ocarina of Time/Master Quest" discs became popular items in their own right in North America, with some customers making and then cancelling preorders to get them. To avoid this issue in Europe, Nintendo released the item only in two-disc packages with "The Wind Waker".

title: The Legend of Zelda (manga)

text:
Based on "", it spans 2 volumes and 12 chapters. Included in volume two is an omake. The series is published in English by Viz Media in North America as Volumes 6 and 7, respectively.Written by Akira Himekawa and published in early 2006 in Japan, this manga chronicles the adventures of Link in the , including a short omake featuring Ezlo and Vaati.
Viz released an English adaptation of this manga as Volume 8 of their Zelda series on December 1, 2009.A manga adaptation of "" following the release of the Game Boy Advance port. In its telling, Agahnim is revealed as a friend of Link's father. Agahnim took to magic and learned how to break the Seal of the Sages, being recruited to Ganon's services. When confronted by his friend, Agahnim sent him and his wife into the Dark World.Viz released an English adaptation of this manga (renamed "A Link to the Past" to fit the game's North American counterpart) as Volume 9 of their Zelda series on February 2, 2010.Originally released in Japan in early 2009, it is based on the DS adventure, , the sequel to . Strangely, though the manga retains the game's characters and overall plot, many of the character's personalities and some events in the game were changed, sparking negative reactions from several fans of the original game. Despite this, however, it continues to receive positive reviews. Viz released an English adaptation of this manga as Volume 10 of their Zelda series on September 7, 2010.The "Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword" is a manga loosely based on the game of the same name drawn by Akira Himekawa. A preview of the first 32 pages of the manga were included in the artbook Hyrule Historia. The manga serves as a prequel to the story of Skyward Sword.

title: The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages

text: The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Seasons and The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Ages are two action-adventure games in "The Legend of Zelda" series, developed by Flagship (a subsidiary of Capcom). They were released in 2001 for Nintendo's Game Boy Color handheld console and re-released on the Virtual Console for the Nintendo 3DS in 2013.

text: Released nearly 8 months after the first two "Zelda" CD-i games, "Zelda's Adventure" was created by a different third-party developer, Viridis. The game again follows a nontraditional Zelda-saves-Link plotline, but it uses a different game engine than "Faces of Evil" and "Wand of Gamelon". Whereas the first two CD-i games were patterned on the side-scrolling "Zelda II: The Adventure of Link", "Zelda's Adventure" took the top-down "The Legend of Zelda" as its model. "Zelda's Adventure" featured FMV cutscenes, but rather than using drawn animation, the game used live-action scenes. Reception for the game was poor, and whereas some modern critics have given more nuanced reviews of the first two games, modern criticism for "Zelda's Adventure" is unanimously negative.

title: The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess

text: The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the Wii and GameCube home video game consoles. It is the thirteenth installment in "The Legend of Zelda" series. Originally planned for release on the GameCube in November 2005, "Twilight Princess" was delayed by Nintendo to allow its developers to refine the game, add more content, and port it to the Wii. The Wii version was released alongside the console in North America in November 2006, and in Japan, Europe, and Australia the following month. The GameCube version was also released worldwide in December 2006, and was the final first-party game released for the console.

title: The Legend of Zelda

text: The Legend of Zelda-themed Monopoly board game was released in the United States on September 15, 2014.[220] A Clue board game in the style of The Legend of Zelda series was released in June 2017.[221] A UNO-styled The Legend of Zelda game was announced in February 2018 for release exclusively at GameStop in North America.[222]

title: Zelda's Adventure

text: Released nearly 8 months after the first two "Zelda" CD-i games, "Zelda's Adventure" uses a different game engine from . Whereas the first two CD-i games were patterned on the side-scrolling "", "Zelda's Adventure" took the top-down "The Legend of Zelda", "", and "" as its models. "Zelda's Adventure" is the only "Legend of Zelda" game to feature live-action cutscenes. Reception for the game was poor, and whereas some critics have given more nuanced reviews of the first two games, modern criticism for "Zelda's Adventure" is unanimously negative.

title: The Legend of Zelda

text: Link, using a design based on Skyward Sword, appears as a playable character in Mario Kart 8 via downloadable content, along with a "Hyrule Circuit" racetrack themed on The Legend of Zelda series.[113] The first pack is named after the series. In Sonic Lost World, a DLC stage based on The Legend of Zelda series was released in March 2014, named "The Legend of Zelda Zone". While built around the core gameplay mechanics of Sonic Lost World, "The Legend of Zelda Zone" incorporates some elements from the Zelda series, including a heart-based vitality meter, rupee collection, and a miniature dungeon to explore.[114]

title: The Legend of Zelda: Hyrule Historia

text: Dark Horse released "The Legend of Zelda: Art & Artifacts", a follow-up art book to "Hyrule Historia" containing additional artwork and interviews, in February 2017. Another follow-up to "Hyrule Historia", namely called "The Legend of Zelda Encyclopedia" containing additional information about every title starting with the first game up until "Twilight Princess HD" would be the third and final book in the series. It was released in April 2018. In May 2018, Dark Horse announced that it would publish the final book in The Legend of Zelda series titled "Master Works". It is scheduled for release on November 20, 2018 in North America.

title: The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword

text: A new "Zelda" game was first hinted at in April 2008, when Miyamoto stated that the "Zelda" development team were reforming to create new games. Miyamoto later confirmed at the 2008 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) that a new "Zelda" was in development for the Wii. The game was unveiled at E3 2009, although its title remained unknown. Due to its in-development state, Miyamoto could not show off gameplay as he had wished. Instead, he showed promotional art featuring Link and Fi. He also announced the game's use of Wii MotionPlus, along with its planned 2010 release window. In a later interview, Aonuma's comments on the game's playability brought this release window into doubt. He also noted that his wish to focus on the new game meant that the release date of "Spirit Tracks" was shifted to the end of 2009 rather than its initial projected release in early 2010. The game's title was announced at the event, along with its revised release period in 2011 and a playable demonstration. According to Miyamoto, the game was delayed from its planned 2010 release window as the staff felt that they would be releasing an unfinished product if they put the convenience of the company ahead of creating a quality experience. They used the extra year to both finish the core elements and polish up the game as a whole.

title: The Legend of Zelda

text: The next Legend of Zelda for the DS, The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks, was released in December 2009. In this game, the 'spirit tracks', railroads which chain an ancient evil, are disappearing from Hyrule. Zelda and Link go to the 'Spirit Tower' (the ethereal point of convergence for the tracks) to find out why. But villains steal Zelda's body for the resurrection of the Demon King. Rendered disembodied, Zelda is left a spirit, and only Link (and a certain few sages) can see her. Together they go on a quest to restore the spirit tracks, defeat the Demon King, and return Zelda to her body. Using a modified engine of that used in Phantom Hourglass, the notably new feature in this game is that the Phantom Guardians seen in Phantom Hourglass are, through a series of events, periodically controllable. It was the first time in the series that both Link & Zelda work together on the quest.

title: The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time

text: The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. It was released in Japan and North America in November 1998, and in Europe and Australia the following month. "Ocarina of Time" is the fifth game in the "Legend of Zelda" series, and the first with 3D graphics. Originally developed for the 64DD peripheral, it was instead released on a 256-megabit (32-megabyte) cartridge, the largest-capacity cartridge Nintendo produced at that time.

title: Zelda's Adventure

text: Like the other two CD-i Zelda games, "Zelda's Adventure" was widely panned by critics. The graphics of "Zelda's Adventure" were called "blurry and digitized". "Wired" magazine said that the graphics were some of the worst ever encountered. The game's acting was criticized as unprofessional. Another flaw that has been identified is that the game could not produce both sound effects and music at the same time. Scott Sharkey of 1UP.com called the box art of "Zelda's Adventure" one of the 15 worst ever made. "Zelda's Adventure" was released as the Philips CD-i was being discontinued and has become very rare over time, as have the first two Philips Zelda games; "Zelda's Adventure" is regularly sold for over $100. "Zelda's Adventure" appeared in a bracket poll of "The Greatest "Legend of Zelda" Game" along with "". It lost in the first set of rounds to "".

title: The Legend of Zelda

text: In April 2008, Miyamoto stated that "the Zelda team is forming again to work on new games". Miyamoto clarified in July that the Zelda team had been working on a new Zelda game for the Wii.[86] In January 2010, Nintendo president Satoru Iwata stated that the game would be coming out at some time in 2010, and confirmed that the game would make use of the Wii's MotionPlus feature, which had been announced too late to be integrated into the Twilight Princess Wii release. The game's subtitle was announced at E3 2010 as Skyward Sword, but its release was delayed to 2011.[87] The game, the earliest in the Legend of Zelda timeline, reveals the origins of Hyrule, Ganon and many elements featured in previous games. It was released on November 20, 2011; the first run included a 25th Anniversary CD of fully orchestrated music from various Zelda games, including Skyward Sword.

title: Link (The Legend of Zelda)

text: In "The Legend of Zelda" animated series, Link, voiced by Jonathan Potts, was featured in a set of cartoons which aired from 1989–1990 as a part of DIC's "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!". Based loosely on the first game, the cartoons presented Link as a rude, lovesick teenager. Constantly pursuing Zelda and accompanied by the fairy princess Spryte, he begged for Zelda to kiss him, and exclaimed "Well excuuuuuse me, Princess!" when tired with her attitude. Thirteen episodes were produced before the cancellation of "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show". The complete series was released on October 18, 2005. A slightly altered version of this Link (and Zelda) appeared during the second season of "".