query: Who is Jon Snow's father?

title: Jon Snow (character)

text: HBO's Game of Thrones has included in its adaptation many of the "hints" identified by this theory.[33] In the season 6 finale, "The Winds of Winter", Bran Stark has a vision of the past which shows Ned reuniting with a dying Lyanna in the Tower of Joy. Lyanna makes him promise to protect her son—Jon.[33][34][35] An infographic subsequently posted on the HBO-controlled website MakingGameofThrones.com confirmed Rhaegar as Jon's father.[36][37][38] Journalists later commented on the significance of two plot points in the season 7 episode "Eastwatch". One of Daenerys Targaryen's dragons, Drogon, approaches Jon calmly and allows the King in the North to pet him, seemingly recognizing him as a Targaryen.[39][40][41] Later, Gilly learns from a book at the Citadel that a High Septon annulled Rhaegar's marriage, and married him to someone else in Dorne, suggesting the possibility that Jon is the legitimate son of Rhaegar and Lyanna.[42][43][44] The season 7 finale episode "The Dragon and the Wolf" confirmed that Jon is indeed the legitimate son of Rhaegar and Lyanna, and that his birth name is actually Aegon Targaryen.[45][46]

title: The Reluctant Tommy

text: In 2010 the memoir was published in book form by Macmillan, as "The Reluctant Tommy: Ronald Skirth's Extraordinary Memoir of the First World War", edited by Duncan Barrett. Barrett wrote in an introduction that he felt that Skirth's story "deserved as wide an audience as possible—and to be read in its protagonist's own words". Skirth's daughter Jean, who had given permission for the memoir to be published remained uncertain whether publishing the memoir was what her father would have wanted, but believed that it was important that his story was widely known. The book carried a foreword by Channel 4 News anchor Jon Snow, in which he wrote about his grandfather Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas D'Oyly Snow. Referring to the popular description of the lower ranks as "lions led by donkeys", Snow acknowledged that "If Ronald Skirth was a 'lion', Thom Snow was ultimately a 'donkey'."

title: Jon Snow (journalist)

text: Snow was born in Ardingly, Sussex, the son of George D'Oyly Snow, Bishop of Whitby, and Joan, a pianist who studied at the Royal College of Music. He is a grandson of First World War General Sir Thomas D'Oyly Snow (about whom he writes in his foreword to Ronald Skirth's war memoir "The Reluctant Tommy") and is the cousin of retired BBC television news presenter Peter Snow.

title: Ramsay Bolton

text: Ramsay is approached by Smalljon Umber, who asks for his help in defending the North against the wildlings Jon Snow has offered refuge to at the Wall. To secure their alliance, Smalljon presents Ramsay with Osha and Rickon Stark, who were previously under the protection of Smalljon's now-deceased father, the Greatjon. Ramsay kills Osha when she tries to assassinate him, and throws Rickon in Winterfell's dungeons. He then sends a letter to Jon Snow at Castle Black, threatening to exterminate the wildlings and have Rickon and Jon killed if Sansa is not returned to him.

title: Lord Snow

text: The plot follows Jon Snow's training at The Wall; Eddard's arrival at King's Landing, followed by Catelyn, looking for Bran's would-be murderer; Arya reveals her desire to learn sword fighting to her father; Joffrey is given a lesson in ruling the Kingdom by Cersei, and Robert longs for the glory of his past. Meanwhile, Daenerys learns she is pregnant. The episode was the first to feature Old Nan, played by Margaret John, who died before the series was broadcast; the episode is dedicated to her memory in the final credit.

title: Ronald Skirth

text:
In 2010 the memoir was published in book form by Macmillan, as "The Reluctant Tommy: Ronald Skirth's Extraordinary Memoir of the First World War", edited by Duncan Barrett. Barrett wrote in an introduction that he felt that Skirth's story "deserved as wide an audience as possible—and to be read in its protagonist's own words". Skirth's daughter Jean, who had given permission for the memoir to be published remained uncertain whether publishing the memoir was what her father would have wanted, but believed that it was important that his story should be widely known.
The book carried a foreword by Channel 4 News anchor Jon Snow, in which he wrote about his grandfather Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas D'Oyly Snow. Referring to the popular description of the lower ranks as "lions led by donkeys", Snow acknowledged that "If Ronald Skirth was a 'lion', Thom Snow was ultimately a 'donkey'."

title: George Snow

text: He was the son of First World War General Sir Thomas D'Oyly Snow. In 1942 he married Joan Way, a pianist who had studied at the Royal College of Music and they had three sons including the Channel 4 newscaster Jon Snow. George Snow was the uncle of television presenter Peter Snow, father of television presenter Dan Snow.

title: Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things

text: The Night's Watch receives Samwell Tarly, a fat, fearful and clumsy recruit who rapidly becomes the focus of bullying by master-at-arms Ser Alliser Thorne. Sam later explains to Jon that his father forced him to "take the Black" and forsake his inheritance because he considered Sam unworthy, threatening to kill Sam and pass his death off as a hunting accident if he refused. Jon Snow defends Sam and convinces the rest of the recruits not to harm him, much to Thorne's rage. Thorne defends his treatment as essential, since life north of the Wall is very harsh especially during winter, warning Jon and Sam to toughen up or they will have no chance of survival.

title: Jorah Mormont

text: Jorah returns to Westeros, seeking aid at the Citadel in Oldtown. By this time his greyscale has drastically progressed, consuming his entire arm. Archmaester Ebrose diagnoses Jorah's greyscale as untreatably advanced and informs Jorah that he has six months of sanity left and will be exiled from the Citadel the next day. Samwell Tarly, who formerly served under Jeor in the Night's Watch, rediscovers a cure for greyscale; despite being forbidden to administer it, he treats Jorah in secret and successfully heals Jorah's greyscale. Ebrose, though unimpressed by Jorah's attempts to conceal Sam's treatment, discharges Jorah. Jorah then returns to Daenerys who is happy to meet him and accepts him into her service once again. He then joins the expedition led by Jon Snow beyond the wall to capture a wight and prove its existence to Cersei Lannister. He and Jon talk about their respective fathers and Jon expresses his relief that Jorah was not executed. Jon attempts to return Longclaw to Jorah, on the basis that it is still the family sword of House Mormont, but Jorah refuses, claiming that he forfeited his right to claim the sword and that Jeor "gave" the weapon to Jon, making it his. He survives the expedition and returns to Dragonstone.

title: Prison Reform Trust

text: Sir Monty Finniston was succeeded as Chair by the former Cabinet Minister, Edmund Dell, broadcaster and journalist, Jon Snow. Lord Douglas Hurd, the former Home Secretary and Foreign Secretary, succeeded Jon Snow as PRT's fourth chair in November 1997. Robert Fellowes, a crossbench peer, who has served as Private Secretary to Queen Elizabeth II, and holds a senior position at Barclays plc succeeded Douglas Hurd in September 2001.

title: Dragonstone (Game of Thrones)

text: Despite Sansa Stark's objections, Jon Snow forgives children Alys Karstark and Ned Umber for their fathers' betrayals; the two heirs swear loyalty. Jon orders Tormund Giantsbane and the wildlings to fortify the Wall at Eastwatch-by-the-Sea, and all Northerners, including women and girls, to train for battle. In private, Jon is frustrated that Sansa undermined his authority; Sansa doesn't want Jon to repeat the mistakes for which their father Ned and brother Robb died. A message from Cersei Lannister orders Jon to bend the knee; Jon believes the Lannister army poses no threat to the North in winter, but Sansa knows Cersei is dangerous.

title: Dan Snow

text: Given his relationship with Peter Snow and Jon Snow, allegations of nepotism are frequently levelled at Dan Snow after gaining immediate access to a career in television after leaving university. He has previously acknowledged the allegations and has argued that "there's nothing I can do about that". Jon Snow has acknowledged that his own career may have started as it did due to nepotism.

title: Jon Snow (character)

text: Jon Snow is first introduced in A Game of Thrones (1996), as he and his five siblings adopt six orphaned direwolf cubs. Known by all as Ned Stark's illegitimate son and with Ned's wife Catelyn despising him, Jon has always felt removed from the rest of the Stark family. He resolves to join the Night's Watch, as his status as a bastard prevents him from holding lands or marrying into a good family. At The Wall, the other recruits resent Jon's aura of superiority, but he makes amends by helping them master swordplay. He also befriends Samwell Tarly, a cowardly lordling who, despite being helpless with weapons, displays an aptitude for book learning. Jon's independence and his compassion for the recruits invite the ire of the harsh master-at-arms Alliser Thorne, who sees Jon as a threat to his authority. Jon gains the notice of the Lord Commander, Jeor Mormont, who names Jon his personal squire and grooms Jon for command. After learning of his father's execution, Jon resolves to desert the Night's Watch and join his half brother Robb, but the other recruits convince Jon to remain loyal to his Night's Watch vows. The next night, Jon saves Mormont's life by killing an undead wight. Mormont then orders a Great Ranging beyond the Wall to learn more of this new threat.[3][6]

title: Jon Snow (character)

text: In a 2015 interview Benioff said, "The problem with Jon is, he’s not a cautious man. It's the problem with him, and also the reason we love him. He is a hero, but heroes are inherently incautious."[67] Weiss added, "At the end of the day, Jon is his father’s son, he’s a person who’s honorable to a fault and does the right thing even when the right thing is extremely dangerous to him personally."[67] In the June 2015 season 5 finale "Mother's Mercy", Jon is stabbed to death by Alliser Thorne and several men of the Night's Watch after being labeled a traitor.[67] With Martin's 2011 novel A Dance with Dragons vague on Jon's fate, Harington confirmed the character's death in an interview with Entertainment Weekly, saying "I’ve been told I’m dead. I’m dead. I’m not coming back next season."[68] He added, "I loved how they brought [the orphan boy] Olly in to be the person who kills me. I love how the storyline with Thorne was wrapped up."[68] Benioff also said of the episode:

title: Jon Snow (character)

text: Attempting to bolster the North's defenses in "Dragonstone", Jon is frustrated when his authority is undermined by Sansa, who does not want him to repeat the mistakes that got their father Ned and brother Robb killed. Jon dismisses a message from Cersei Lannister that he swear his allegiance to her. In "Stormborn", he receives an invitation to Dragonstone from Tyrion on Daenerys Targaryen's behalf. Subsequently, receiving a message from Sam that a hoard of obsidian lies beneath the ancient Targaryen castle, Jon decides to meet Daenerys, leaving a surprised Sansa as his regent. At Dragonstone, he declines swearing fealty to Daenerys in "The Queen's Justice", and instead asks for her assistance fighting the White Walkers. She demurs, but permits him to mine the obsidian. In "Eastwatch", Daenerys is surprised when her dragon Drogon approaches Jon and allows the King in the North to pet him. Determined to convince Cersei that their true enemy is the army of the dead, Jon leads an expedition north of the Wall to capture a wight and bring it south to King's Landing. They manage to do so in "Beyond the Wall", but are surrounded by a horde of the Night King's minions. Daenerys arrives with her dragons, but the Night King kills one of them with an ice spear, forcing the others to flee without Jon. He is saved by the reappearance of his uncle Benjen, who is overtaken by the dead as Jon escapes back to the Wall. Daenerys vows to fight the White Walkers with Jon, and he agrees to swear fealty to her as his queen. In "The Dragon and the Wolf", the two negotiate a truce with Cersei, who agrees to join them in fighting the Night King's forces. Bran learns that Jon was born Aegon Targaryen, the legitimate son and heir of Daenerys' brother Rhaegar Targaryen and Lyanna Stark. Meanwhile, Jon and Daenerys finally give in to their growing feelings for each other and have sex, unaware that they are related by blood.

title: Peter Snow

text: Snow was born in Dublin, the son of Brigadier J. F. Snow, CBE. He is the grandson of First World War general Sir Thomas D'Oyly Snow; cousin of Jon Snow, the presenter of "Channel 4 News"; nephew of schoolmaster and bishop George D'Oyly Snow; and brother-in-law of historian-writer Margaret MacMillan. Also, he is the father of fellow TV presenter Dan Snow.

title: Jon Snow (journalist)

text: In early 2014, Snow had a debate with comedian and actor Russell Brand who appeared in a Channel 4 interview about his petition for a debate on British drug laws.

title: Jon Snow (character)

text: Though the character is presented as the illegitimate son of Ned Stark,[1][2][25] David Orr voiced the doubt of some readers when he wrote in The New York Times in 2011, "Jon Snow is presented as the illegitimate son of the Stark patriarch, although it's uncertain whether Stark is indeed his father."[1] Actor Sean Bean, who portrays Ned in the HBO television series, said when asked in a 2014 interview about returning to the series to appear in flashbacks, "I've definitely got some unfinished business that needs to be resolved there. I'm obviously not Jon Snow's dad. And you need that to be revealed at some point, don't you?"[26] The uncertainty arises from anecdotal evidence in the texts interpreted by readers to connect the mysterious maternity of Ned's son with the vague backstory of his sister Lyanna.[17][24][27]

title: Jon Snow

text: Jon Snow may refer to:

title: Jon Snow (character)

text: This is obviously a big deal, the death of Jon Snow. This is something we've been thinking about for a long long time, and Alliser kills him, it's kind of like, it's a bad guy killing a good guy. But when it's Olly holding the knife … Olly's not a bad guy. Olly's a kid who’s seen just way too much horror way too early, and he makes a decision that's a really hard decision for him but you understand where he's coming from ... It's one of those great conflicts that makes us love the books and this saga, is that it's, ultimately it's not just about good vs evil, it's about people of good intentions who come into conflict with each other because they have very different views of the world, and unfortunately it did not work out well for Jon Snow in this case.[67]

title: Jon Snow (character)

text: Following the plot of A Game of Thrones, in the first season Jon, the bastard son of Ned Stark, joins the Night's Watch. He arrives at the Wall, with his direwolf Ghost in tow, to find that the order is a shadow of its former self. Raised to be a talented fighter with a strong sense of justice and honor, Jon is at first contemptuous of his fellow recruits, who are mostly lowborn, untrained criminals and exiles. In "Lord Snow", he is persuaded by Tyrion Lannister to put aside his prejudices, and helps some of the others with their weapons training. Jon befriends Samwell Tarly, who is more an intellectual than a fighter. Jon takes his vows but is disappointed to be made steward to Lord Commander Jeor Mormont rather than a ranger in "You Win or You Die". Sam points out that he is likely being groomed for command. Jon saves Mormont from a wight in "The Pointy End", and in "Baelor" is given House Mormont's ancestral blade Longclaw, a sword made of Valyrian steel, in thanks. Jon learns of his father's execution for treason in "Fire and Blood", and though tempted to leave the Wall to help his family, his sense of duty ultimately compels him to stay.

title: The Kingsroad

text: It is time for farewells, with the Stark family having to split apart. Ned's two daughters journey with their father to the capital. Jon Snow journeys to join his uncle Benjen as a man of the Night's Watch at the Wall. Tyrion, who wants to see the "edge of the world", accompanies them. Before leaving, Jon gives a sword to his sister Arya as a present. Lady Catelyn Stark is devastated by her husband's imminent departure and has stood vigil beside her son Bran since his fall. Having always deeply resented Jon, Catelyn asks him to leave when he comes to say goodbye to Bran and then chastises her husband Ned for leaving her and giving in to the demands of King Robert. Before they part, Jon asks Ned about his mother, and Ned promises to tell Jon about her the next time they meet. While stopping for a meal, Robert tells Ned that he has received word about Daenerys Targaryen's wedding to Khal Drogo and voices concern about the possibility of Viserys crossing the Narrow Sea with a Dothraki army to overthrow him with help from those in the Seven Kingdoms who still support the Targaryens' claim to the throne and think of Robert as a usurper.

title: The Queen's Justice

text: Jon Snow and Davos Seaworth arrive at Dragonstone with their soldiers. Tyrion Lannister and Missandei meet them and take their weapons and boat. Daenerys Targaryen offers to make Jon Warden of the North if he bends the knee, but he refuses. They agree Daenerys is not responsible for her father's crimes, but Daenerys denies Jon's assertion he should not be held by his ancestors' oath to hers. Jon explains the threat of the White Walkers and wights, but Daenerys wants to claim the Iron Throne before considering other threats. Jon barely stops Davos from revealing Jon's resurrection while endorsing him. Daenerys cuts the meeting short to receive news from Varys that Euron has defeated Yara. Jon is forced to remain at Dragonstone, a prisoner in all but name. Tyrion discourages Daenerys's desire to burn Euron's ships with her dragons, which would require her to accompany them.

title: Zac Goldsmith

text: Goldsmith clashed with presenter Jon Snow, who accused him of "prevaricating" in a confrontational live interview on "Channel 4 News". Both parties criticised each other in the aftermath. Snow suggested Goldsmith take the matter to OFCOM, which rejected Zac Goldsmith's complaint about Snow and "Channel 4 News"' conduct.

title: Jon Snow (character)

text: David Orr of The New York Times describes Jon as "a complex, thoughtful and basically good character".[1] David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, the creators and executive producers of the television adaptation of the series, explain that Jon is one of several characters in the series who must "face hard truths about the world they live in, and adapt themselves to those truths" because "The struggle many of them face is how to do that without losing their grip on who they are."[7] Ned Stark teaches all his children about leadership, selflessness, duty and honor. Following his father's example becomes more difficult as Jon faces challenges to his identity as a man, a Stark, and a brother of the Night's Watch.[3][4] Benioff and Weiss note that "Jon Snow tries to live with honor, while knowing that honor often gets his family members murdered."[7] Writing for Variety about the season 6 episode "Battle of the Bastards", Laura Prudom suggests that Jon "has the same shortcomings" as his father: "he fights with honor against opponents who are all too willing to use that predictable morality against him".[8]

title: The Prince of Winterfell

text: Jon Snow is presented to the Lord of Bones by Ygritte and her companions. The Lord of Bones wants Jon killed, but Ygritte convinces him otherwise by saying that Mance Rayder will want to meet Eddard Stark's bastard son. Qhorin Halfhand, who was also captured, tells Jon he should pretend to defect to Mance's army so the Night's Watch can learn about Mance's plans. To make Jon's defection look real, Qhorin starts a fight with Jon.

title: Thomas Snow (British Army officer)

text: Snow was the grandfather of British broadcasters Peter Snow and Jon Snow (who writes about him in the Foreword to Ronald Skirth's war memoir "The Reluctant Tommy") and great-grandfather of historian and TV presenter, Dan Snow.

title: Jon Snow (character)

text: Jon's presence in the forthcoming volume The Winds of Winter is uncertain; when asked in 2011 by Entertainment Weekly "Why did you kill Jon Snow?", author Martin responded "Oh, you think he’s dead, do you?"[15] Asked later whether Jon was killed or will survive, Martin responded with a laugh, "I will not comment on that."[52]

title: Dan Snow

text: One of his father's cousins is the Channel 4 news reporter Jon Snow and his paternal great-grandfather (Peter and Jon's grandfather) was Sir Thomas D'Oyly Snow, a British infantry general during World War I.

title: A Clash of Kings

text: A scouting party from the Night's Watch learns that the wildlings are uniting under 'King-beyond-the-Wall' Mance Rayder. The Watch then continue to an ancient hill-top fortress known as the Fist of the First Men, whence Jeor Mormont sends Jon Snow and Qhorin Halfhand with others to the Skirling Pass, where they are hunted by wildling warriors. Facing certain defeat, Halfhand commands Snow to infiltrate the wildlings and learn their plans. They are captured by wildlings who demand Jon fight Qhorin to join them. Jon kills Qhorin with the aid of his direwolf, Ghost, and Jon learns that Mance Rayder is advancing on the Wall with thirty-thousand wildlings, giants, and mammoths.

title: Jon Snow (character)

text: In A Game of Thrones, Jon Snow is introduced as the 14-year-old illegitimate son of Eddard "Ned" Stark, Lord of Winterfell,[3][4] and half-brother to Robb, Sansa, Arya, Bran and Rickon. Jon is described as having strong Stark features with a lean build, long face, dark brown hair and grey eyes.[5] Jon has the surname "Snow" (customarily used for illegitimate children in the North) and is resented by Ned's wife Catelyn, who views him as a constant reminder of Ned's infidelity.[4] Jon is the same age as Robb and enjoys a warm relationship with his siblings, particularly the tomboy Arya (who resembles Jon and like him does not feel like she fits in). Ned treats Jon as much like his other children as propriety and his honor will allow. Still, as somewhat of an outsider, Jon has learned to be independent and to fend for himself when necessary.[3] Jon idolizes his father, but is wounded by Ned's refusal to tell him about his mother.[6] At the beginning of the story, Jon adopts the albino direwolf that he names Ghost. He later finds that at times he can "inhabit" the wolf and share its experiences.[4][5][6]


query: Which US state first outlawed capital punishment?

title: Capital punishment in the United States

text: Other states which abolished the death penalty for murder before Gregg v. Georgia include: Minnesota in 1911, Vermont in 1964, Iowa and West Virginia in 1965 and North Dakota in 1973. Hawaii abolished the death penalty in 1948 and Alaska in 1957, both before their statehood. Puerto Rico repealed it in 1929 and the District of Columbia in 1981. Arizona and Oregon abolished the death penalty by popular vote in 1916 and 1964 respectively, but both reinstated it, again by popular vote, some years later; Arizona reinstated the death penalty in 1918 and Oregon in 1978.[10] Puerto Rico and Michigan are the only two U.S. jurisdictions to have explicitly prohibited capital punishment in their constitutions: in 1952 and 1964, respectively.

title: Capital punishment in the United States

text: Capital punishment debate in the United States Capital punishment by the United States federal government Capital punishment by the United States military Capital punishment for juveniles in the United States List of United States Supreme Court decisions on capital punishment List of offenders executed in the United States in 2019 Lists of people executed in the United States List of death row inmates in the United States List of last executions in the United States by crime Wrongful executions in the United States

title: Capital punishment in Thailand

text: Thailand, as of 2018, is one of 58 nations that retains capital punishment. Of the 10 ASEAN nations, only Cambodia and the Philippines have outlawed it.

title: Scott Hain

text: As a result of the 1976 Supreme Court decision in "Gregg v. Georgia", capital punishment was allowed to resume in the United States. With his execution, Hain became:Hain was the last person executed in the United States for crimes committed as a minor, prior to the 2005 "Roper v. Simmons" case in which the United States Supreme Court outlawed such executions.

title: Third-degree murder

text: The first division of the general crime of murder into graded subcategories was enacted into the law of Pennsylvania in 1794. This enactment is often explained in terms of a desire to narrow the scope of application of capital punishment in that state and in the other states which subsequently graded murder into "first" and "second" degrees. The English common law, which had been received into the laws of the U.S. states, at the time applied capital punishment to a large number of crimes; as a result, states statutorily divided the crime of murder into first and second degrees, and began applying capital punishment only to criminals convicted of first-degree murder. By 1953 three states—namely Florida, Minnesota, and Wisconsin—had further created the subcategory of third-degree murder.

title: Capital punishment in Gibraltar

text: In 2001, Gibraltar still retained capital punishment for Treason and piracy. However, capital punishment was abolished in 2002, when the death penalty was outlawed under all circumstances in all the British Overseas Territories.

title: Capital punishment in the United States

text: Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 30 states, the federal government, and the military.[1] Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. The United States is the only Western country currently applying the death penalty.[2] It is one of 54 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries.[3] The Philippines has since abolished executions, and Guatemala has done so for civil offenses, leaving the USA one of 4 countries to use this method, along with China, Thailand, and Vietnam.

title: Capital punishment in Delaware

text: Capital punishment is no longer used in the U.S. state of Delaware. The state's capital sentencing scheme was declared unconstitutional by the Delaware Supreme Court on August 2, 2016. The ruling will retroactively apply to earlier death sentences. Despite this ruling, the capital statute for first-degree murder under Title 11, Chapter 42, Section 09 of the Delaware Code has yet to be repealed.

title: People v. Anderson

text: The People of the State of California v. Robert Page Anderson, 493 P.2d 880, 6 Cal. 3d 628 (Cal. 1972), was a landmark case in the state of California that outlawed the use of capital punishment. It was subsequently overruled by a state constitutional amendment, called Proposition 17.

title: United States constitutional sentencing law

text: The Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause has more to say about capital sentences. First, the Clause entirely precludes the use of capital punishment for crimes other than murder. Even with murder, the defendant must personally kill, attempt to kill, or intend to kill. Second, the Clause entirely precludes the use of capital punishment against certain classes of defendants, such as the insane, the mentally retarded, juveniles at the time of the crime, and those who are not competent at the time of the execution.

title: Outlaw

text: There was also a doctrine of civil outlawry. Civil outlawry did not carry the sentence of capital punishment. It was however imposed on defendants who fled or evaded justice when sued for civil actions like debts or torts. The punishments for civil outlawry were nevertheless harsh, including confiscation of chattels (movable property) left behind by the outlaw.

title: Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment

text: Most libertarians believe that the capital punishment (death penalty) is an extreme exertion of state power and is of little use in a free society, while it is of great use to a tyrannical government. Proponents of capital punishment believe that such punishment may be justified as a deterrent to particularly atrocious crimes (although it is the case in the United States that states with the death penalty have higher murder rates than ones which don't) and as a means of keeping dangerous individuals permanently incapacitated. Furthermore, if people commit crimes, they may sacrifice their rights; if the legal system is legitimate, perhaps capital punishment is justified.

title: Capital punishment in the United Kingdom

text: After the Conservatives' victory in the 1979 general election, Eldon Griffiths (Parliamentary adviser to the Police Federation of England and Wales) moved a motion "that the sentence of capital punishment should again be available to the courts" on 19 July 1979. While the motion was not expected to pass, the margin of its defeat (243 to 362) was much wider than expected. Later in the same Parliament, the Criminal Justice Bill provided an opportunity on 11 May 1982 for several new clauses to be proposed which would have reinstated capital punishment. The first, which simply declared that "A person convicted of murder shall be liable to capital punishment", was tabled by Edward Gardner, and rejected by 195 to 357. It was followed by an alternative under which capital punishment would be available "as the penalty for an act of terrorism involving the loss of human life"; this new clause was rejected by 176 to 332. A further new clause proposing capital punishment "as the penalty for murder by means of firearms or explosives" was rejected by 176 to 343. Then a new clause allowing for capital punishment "as the penalty for murder of a police or prison officer" was rejected by 208 to 332. Finally a new clause allowing capital punishment "as the penalty for murder in the course of robbery and burglary which involves the use of offensive weapons" was rejected by 151 to 331.

title: Hanging

text: Capital punishment in the U.S. varies from state to state; it is outlawed in some states but used in most others. However, the death penalty under federal law is applicable in every state.

title: Capital punishment in Sweden

text: Capital punishment in Sweden was practiced until 1910. It is now outlawed by the Swedish Constitution which clearly states that capital punishment, corporal punishment, and torture are strictly prohibited. At the time of the abolition of the death penalty in Sweden, the legal method of execution was beheading.The clause that prohibits the death penalty has been a part of the Constitution since 1975. Sweden is a state party to the Second Optional Protocol to ICCPR (ratified in 1990), Protocol No. 6 to ECHR (1984), and Protocol No. 13 to ECHR (2003).

title: Public humiliation

text: In post-Colonial times, judicial use of public humiliation punishment has largely fallen out of favor since the practice is now considered cruel and unusual punishment, which is officially outlawed by the United States Constitution.

title: Outlaw (comics)

text: Nigel Higgins is a man living in England who gets inspired by Punisher's activities that causes him to become the British version of Punisher called Outlaw. At the time when Kingpin planned to use the English channel to gather the European crime families into a united crime syndicate, Outlaw was the main contact for Punisher and Microchip.

title: Crime in New Jersey

text: Capital punishment is not applied in this state. New Jersey was the first state to repeal the use of the death penalty after the Supreme Court restored the use of capital punishment in the "Gregg v. Georgia" case.

title: Capital punishment in American Samoa

text: Capital punishment is a legal penalty in American Samoa, an unincorporated territory of the United States. The only crime punishable by death is first degree murder, but American Samoa last executed a prisoner in the 1930s; the method used was hanging.

title: Capital punishment in Croatia

text: Capital punishment was outlawed by article 21 of the 1990 Constitution of Croatia.

title: List of people executed by lethal injection

text: Lethal injection is the practice of injecting one or more drugs into a person by a government for the express purpose of causing immediate death. While Nazi Germany was known to execute enemies of the state using an injection of lethal drugs, the first country to legalize and formally implement what is referred to today as lethal injection was the United States. The state of Texas adopted it as its form on capital punishment in 1977 and executed the first person by it, Charles Brooks Jr., in 1982. The practice was subsequently adopted by the other U.S. states using capital punishment. As of 2017, the method is being used by 31 U.S. states, as well as by their federal government and military.

title: Religion and capital punishment

text: Bhutan, Cambodia, and Thailand all recognize Buddhism as a state religion and use a Buddhist approach to address the issue of capital punishment. Cambodia is the only nation to have officially outlawed the use of the death penalty while neither Thailand or Bhutan have utilized capital punishment in many years.

title: Capital punishment

text: Among countries around the world, all European (except Belarus) and many Oceanic states (including Australia, New Zealand and East Timor), and Canada have abolished capital punishment. In Latin America, most states have completely abolished the use of capital punishment, while some countries such as Brazil and Guatemala allow for capital punishment only in exceptional situations, such as treason committed during wartime. The United States (the federal government and 31 of the states), some Caribbean countries and the majority of countries in Asia (for example, Japan and India) retain capital punishment. In Africa, less than half of countries retain it, for example Botswana and Zambia. South Africa abolished the death penalty in 1995.

title: Capital punishment

text: Most countries, including almost all First World nations, have abolished capital punishment either in law or in practice. Notable exceptions are the United States, China, India, Japan, South Korea, and most Islamic states. The United States is the only Western country to still use the death penalty.

title: Capital murder

text: The term "capital murder" is used in only seven U.S. states; however, 31 states and United States federal government currently allow capital punishment, and each has its own terminology for an offense punishable by death. In most states, the term "First-Degree Murder" is used; others may use the term "Aggravated Murder" (such as New York, Ohio, Oregon, Utah, and Vermont), and some use simply "Murder". The seven states that use the term "Capital Murder" are Alabama, Arkansas, Kansas, Mississippi, New Hampshire, Texas, and Virginia. The state of Georgia uses the term "Malice Murder".

title: Capital punishment

text: A public execution is a form of capital punishment which "members of the general public may voluntarily attend". This definition excludes the presence of a small number of witnesses randomly selected to assure executive accountability. While today the great majority of the world considers public executions to be distasteful and most countries have outlawed the practice, throughout much of history executions were performed publicly as a means for the state to demonstrate "its power before those who fell under its jurisdiction be they criminals, enemies, or political opponents". Additionally, it afforded the public a chance to witness "what was considered a great spectacle".

title: Capital punishment in Belarus

text: It has been a part of the country's legal system since gaining independence from the Soviet Union. The current national constitution prescribes this punishment for "grave crimes." Later laws have clarified the specific crimes for which capital punishment can be used. Capital punishment can be imposed for crimes that occur against the State or against individuals. A few non-violent crimes can also be punishable by death. Belarus is the only State in Europe that continues to carry out the death penalty.

title: Capital punishment

text: Capital punishment is a matter of active controversy in several countries and states, and positions can vary within a single political ideology or cultural region. In the European Union, Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the use of capital punishment. The Council of Europe, which has 47 member states, has sought to abolish the use of the death penalty by its members absolutely, through Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights. However, this only affects those member states which have signed and ratified it, and they do not include Armenia, Russia, and Azerbaijan.

title: Capital punishment in Washington (state)

text: On October 11, 2018, the Washington State Supreme Court ruled the current death penalty statute unconstitutional, on the ground that it resulted in racial bias, thus abolishing capital punishment in the state. It became the 20th state in the nation to outlaw executions. The eight inmates that were on death row at the time of ruling had their sentences converted to life in prison. The State Supreme Court did not rule out the possibility that the state legislature could enact a constitutional death penalty statute in the future.

title: Capital punishment in Georgia (U.S. state)

text: The first execution in Georgia was in 1735. The offender was indentured servant Alice Wyley, who had murdered her master. From 1735 to 1924, the method of execution was hanging. The last hanging occurred in 1931. Between 1735 and 1931, over 500 hangings occurred in Georgia. In August, 1924, the Georgia General Assembly outlawed hanging and introduced electrocution instead. Georgia then used this method until 1972, when "Furman v. Georgia" declared the capital punishment procedures unconstitutional. Electrocution was re-instated, along with the death penalty, in 1976 as a result of "Gregg v. Georgia". In 2000, the General Assembly passed a new law instituting lethal injection instead of electrocution.

title: Human rights in the United States

text: The 1972 US Supreme Court case "Furman v. Georgia" held that arbitrary imposition of the death penalty at the states' discretion constituted cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This was preceded with the Supreme Court of California's ruling in "California v. Anderson" 64 Cal.2d 633, 414 P.2d 366 (Cal. 1972), which classified capital punishment as cruel and unusual and outlawed the use of capital punishment in California (however, this was reversed the same year through a ballot initiative, Proposition 17). It was reinstated nationally in 1976 after the US Supreme Court rulings Gregg v. Georgia, , "Jurek v. Texas", , and Proffitt v. Florida, . As of January 25, 2008, the death penalty has been abolished in the District of Columbia and fourteen states, mainly in the Northeast and Midwest.


query: Who was the first head coach of Arsenal Football Club?

title: List of Arsenal F.C. managers

text: Although Arsenal was founded in 1886, it was not until 1897 that the club appointed a permanent manager in charge of first-team affairs, with Thomas Mitchell universally recognised as Arsenal's first professional manager.[nb 2] Mitchell joined Arsenal five months after resigning from Blackburn Rovers in October 1896.[14] The Scotsman's time at Woolwich Arsenal was brief and he left his post barely a year into his contract, though he did manage to take the club from tenth to fifth in the league.[14] Mitchell guided Arsenal through a respectable cup run which culminated in the first round proper.[14] William Elcoat succeeded Mitchell as manager in April 1898, and set about reviving the squad with new additions.[15] The changes did not have the desired effect; his team finished seventh in a league of 18 and were beaten 6–0 by Derby County in the FA Cup first round.[16] He departed in February 1899, and like his predecessor only remained for a season.[15]

title: Terry Burton

text: Burton returned to Arsenal as youth team coach in 1979. During his spell at the club, he was noted for having brought through future Arsenal and England captain Tony Adams, who was later linked with wanting to bring Burton to Portsmouth as his assistant having been appointed the club's manager in 2008. Following Don Howe's appointment as Arsenal manager, he was promoted to first team coach, then reserve team coach in 1986 when George Graham became Arsenal manager, though was released for the second time by the club in 1987.

title: Morris Bates

text:
Bates first played as an amateur for Nottingham Forest, before moving south to London to take up work at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich (along with former teammate Fred Beardsley). There, he met several other keen football fans, including Jack Humble and David Danskin, and together they formed Dial Square Football Club in 1886; the club were soon renamed Royal Arsenal, and are today known simply as Arsenal. Bates continued to officiate as an umpire at some of Forest's games; with Fred Beardsley, he was responsible for obtaining a set of red kit from their old club Forest, giving Arsenal the colours they still wear.
Bates played 73 first-team matches for Royal Arsenal, mainly as a full-back, in the FA Cup (including the Gunners' very first FA Cup tie, against Lyndhurst on 5 October 1889) and various regional competitions. Bates went on to become Arsenal's captain and earned the nickname "The Iron Man", with a reputation for his powerful heading of the ball, in an era when footballs were far heavier and more dangerous to head than they are now. He skippered Arsenal to their first trophy wins – the Kent Senior Cup and London Charity Cup in 1890.

title: Steve Burtenshaw

text: Burtenshaw later returned to Arsenal as a coach and scout, and was caretaker manager of the club between March and May 1986, after the resignation of Don Howe as manager; Arsenal finished seventh in the First Division that season. He returned to his coaching role after the club appointed George Graham that summer. Burtenshaw's time at the club was overshadowed when he admitted taking "bungs" for signing John Jensen, in the scandal that led to Graham's sacking as Arsenal manager. He was fined £7,500 with £2,500 costs by the Football Association.

title: Arsenal F.C. league record by opponent

text: Arsenal's first team have competed in a number of national, and in the early part of the club's history, regionally contested leagues such as the United League, the Southern District Combination and the London League Premier Division. Their record against each club faced in these discontinued competitions, in addition to the Football League and Premier League is listed below. Arsenal's first Football League match was against Newcastle United, and they met their 85th and most recent different league opponent, A.F.C. Bournemouth, for the first time in the 2015–16 Premier League season. The team that Arsenal have played most in league competition is Manchester United, who they first met in the 1894–95 Football League season; the 81 defeats from 196 meetings is more than they have lost against any other club. Liverpool have drawn 50 league encounters with Arsenal, more than any other club. Arsenal have recorded more league victories against Everton than against any other club, having beaten them 95 times out of 193 attempts.General

title: Arsenal F.C. Under-23s and Academy

text:
Head Coaches:
Assistant Coaches:
Technical Staff:
This is a list of former Arsenal F.C. academy or Arsenal 'A' graduates who have gone on to represent their country at full international level since the Second World War. Players who are still at Arsenal, or play at another club on loan from Arsenal, are highlighted in bold.

title: List of Arsenal F.C. seasons

text: Arsenal Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Holloway, London. The club was formed in Woolwich in 1886 as Dial Square before it was shortly renamed to Royal Arsenal, and then Woolwich Arsenal in 1893. They became the first southern member admitted into the Football League in 1893, having spent their first four seasons solely participating in cup tournaments and friendlies. The club's name was shortened to Arsenal in 1914, a year after moving to Highbury. In spite of finishing fifth in the Second Division in 1915, Arsenal rejoined the First Division at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur when football resumed after the First World War. Since that time, they have not fallen below the first tier of the English football league system and hold the record for the longest uninterrupted time in the top flight.

title: Gary Smith (footballer, born 1968)

text: Smith joined MLS side Colorado Rapids in February 2008, originally to establish Arsenal's academy in Colorado – with Arsenal and Colorado Rapids having forged a strong "strategic partnership" due to Stan Kroenke's ownership. However, Smith stated his role "unexpectedly took on a different nature" as he spent more time supporting the first-team, subsequently taking the job as assistant manager. He assumed an interim head coach position during the latter half of 2008 following the resignation of his predecessor, Fernando Clavijo, with Colorado bottom of the league table. After a successful ten-game trial period, Smith was formally given the head coach position on 11 November 2008, signing a three-year contract with the club. Smith's first game in-charge as head coach was a 2–1 defeat to Chivas USA on 22 March 2009, the club's first match of the 2009 MLS campaign. He secured his first win as head coach a week later as Colorado beat Kansas City Wizards 2–1 at Dick's Sporting Goods Park. During Colorado's 2009 campaign, Smith guided the club to a ninth-place finish, narrowly missing out on the MLS Cup play-offs following a 3–0 away defeat to eventual MLS Cup winners Real Salt Lake on the last day of the season. The victory subsequently meant that RSL took the final play-off position on goal difference ahead of Colorado.

title: Arsenal de Llavallol

text: Arsenal de Llavallol was established on 12 October 1948 by Aníbal Díaz, a fan of English football who was also the president, coach and business man of the club. Arsenal had been founded with the purpose of participating in "Torneos Evita", the children's football championship organized by Fundación Eva Perón that was very popular by those years. After the team won the 1950 Evita's championship with a team formed by players drafted around the country, the Ministry of Finance of Argentina collaborated with Arsenal giving the club some lands located in Llavallol, Greater Buenos Aires, where the club built its headquarters and stadium, which was made of concrete instead of wood as many clubs had by then. Once the works finished, Arsenal requested Argentine Football Association (AFA) being affiliated to play the official tournaments of Argentine football league system.

title: FC Arsenal Kharkiv

text: The club was formed on 30 January 1998 at the Kharkiv Aviation Institute sports court. Its initial home stadium was "Spartak" and the first head coach – Valentyn Kryachko. The club's first game at professional level took place on 2 August 1999 in Kremenchuk against the local FC Kremin Kremenchuk, which Arsenal won 1:0. The club's first goal was scored by Viktor Hryhorov.

title: Michael McLean (footballer)

text: McLean returned to Darwin to coach his former club Nightcliff, he did so for five years with limited success before resigning at the end of 2004 to coach the Redland Football Club in the Queensland State League. At the end of the 2005, as Redland seemed destined for the wooden spoon, he resigned and returned to Darwin to again coach Nightcliff. In the 2005/06 season, McLean gave the Tigers an impressive season and reached the preliminary final before bowing out to eventual premiers, the Darwin Football Club. In the 2006/07 season, McLean became coach for the Southern Districts Football Club and won the premiership in his first year as coach with the club. In 2009, he became the head coach of the Northern Territory Football Club and coached their inaugural season in the Queensland Australian Football League (QAFL). In May 2016, he was announced as the new senior coach of the Waratah Football Club heading into the 2016/17 NTFL season.

title: Firdaus Kassim

text: Firdaus Kassim is a former Singaporean youth footballer and professional football coach. Firdaus, who began coaching Thai League outfit Chainat Hornbill Football Club at the start of 2016 as assistant coach, is believed to be the first Singaporean to hold such a role in Thailand. A rising coach, he is set to assist national head coach V. Sundramoorthy on the upcoming AFF Suzuki Cup campaign along with assistant head coach Fandi Ahmad.

title: Arsenal F.C.

text: After conducting an overhaul in the club's operating model to coincide with Wenger's departure, Spaniard Unai Emery was named as the club's new head coach on 23 May 2018. He would become the club's first ever 'head coach', while also their second ever manager from outside the United Kingdom. His first match was an 8-0 win in a friendly against Boreham Wood.

title: List of Arsenal F.C. managers

text: Arsenal Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Islington, London. The club was formed in Woolwich in 1886 as Dial Square before it was shortly renamed to Royal Arsenal, and then Woolwich Arsenal in 1893.[1] They became the first southern member[nb 1] admitted into the Football League in 1893, having spent their first four seasons solely participating in cup tournaments and friendlies.[4] The club's name was shortened to Arsenal in 1914, a year after moving to Highbury.[5] In spite of finishing fifth in the Second Division in 1915, Arsenal rejoined the First Division at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur when football resumed after the First World War.[6] Since that time, they have not fallen below the first tier of the English football league system and hold the record for the longest uninterrupted period in the top flight.[7]

title: List of Arsenal F.C. records and statistics

text: Arsenal Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Islington, London. The club was formed in Woolwich in 1886 as Dial Square before being renamed as Royal Arsenal, and then Woolwich Arsenal in 1893. In 1914, the club's name was shortened to Arsenal F.C. after moving to Highbury a year earlier. After spending their first four seasons solely participating in cup tournaments and friendlies, Arsenal became the first southern member admitted into the Football League in 1893. In spite of finishing fifth in the Second Division in 1919, the club was voted to rejoin the First Division at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur. Since that time, they have not fallen below the first tier of the English football league system and hold the record for the longest uninterrupted period in the top flight. The club remained in the Football League until 1992, when its First Division was superseded as English football's top level by the newly formed Premier League, of which they were an inaugural member.

title: List of Port Adelaide Football Club coaches

text: The following is a list of the head coaches of the Port Adelaide Football Club, an Australian rules football club who have coached the club in the SAFA, SAFL, Wartime Leagues, SANFL and the AFL (1997–present). Since 1870 Port Adelaide has had 38 head coaches lead the club.

title: FC Arsenal Tula

text: The present day team FC Arsenal Tula was formed at the end of 2011, replacing the former team FC Arsenal-Tula. The first coach of Arsenal was the famous Russian footballer Dmitri Alenichev and the coaching staff included Dmitri Ananko, Oleg Samatov, and famous goalkeeper Aleksandr Filimonov. The club's initial squad also had several famous players such as midfielder Yegor Titov and defender Dmytro Parfenov. Over the course of the 2011/12 season, Arsenal finished in 8th place in the Russian Amateur Football League and all of the famous footballers left the club. Trainer Dmitri Alenichev decided to replace them with young players.

title: Karen Carney

text: She was selected by Chicago Red Stars in the third round (19th overall) of the 2008 WPS International Draft. She joined Head Coach Emma Hayes, who had served as Arsenal Ladies Football Club's first team assistant coach.

title: FC Arsenal Kharkiv

text: In 2005 the club was reorganized after a successful season in the 2004-05 Ukrainian First League. After obtaining promotion to the Ukrainian Top League, the club yielded the opportunity to a newly established club FC Kharkiv which was led by the former coach of Arsenal Hennadiy Lytovchenko. Several Arsenal's leading footballers also joined the new club.

title: Akbar Nawas

text: Presently, Coach Akbar Nawas is the head coach of one of the top football clubs in the Philippines, Global Cebu Football Club starting in mid-June 2017. After the launch of the Philippine Football League in April 2017, Coach Nawas became the technical training consultant and later on was offered the post of a head coach, the first Singaporean coach to handle a football team from the Philippines. As of this writing, Global Cebu Football Club made history as the first Philippine football club to reach the finals for the Singapore League, double firsts in the history of football in both countries. In 2016, Coach Nawas was the head coach of Tampines Rovers Football Club’s senior team. Before taking this highest post in the east side football club in Singapore, he was the assistant coach for Tampines Rovers senior team in the Singapore League in 2015 and the head coach for the U21 Reserve team who emerged as champions in the Reserve League. In 2014, Coach Nawas was the assistant coach to the technical director and coach in the National U21 and at the same time, the youth development manager for the Football Association of Singapore from 2011 to 2014. While doing his share of work in the FAS (Football Association of Singapore), Coach Nawas assisted Head Coach Fandi Ahmad in training and as a match analyst for the Lions XII in pre-season (predominantly a U23 team with 10 senior players, playing in the Malaysian Super Professional League) in 2013. And the year before, in 2012, he was the head coach for the National U14 team for an Invitational Tournament in Japan from April to June 2012.

title: History of Arsenal F.C. (1966–present)

text: After conducting an overhaul in the club's operating model to coincide with Wenger's departure, Spaniard Unai Emery was named as the club's new head coach on 23 May 2018. He agreed to a two-year deal with the club. He would become the club's first ever 'head coach', while also their second ever manager from outside the United Kingdom. His first match was an 8-0 win in a friendly against Boreham Wood. In his first competitive game in charge, on 13 August, his side lost to Manchester City 0–2 in the Premier League. After a second consecutive loss to Chelsea on 18 August, Emery recorded his first win as Arsenal manager on 25 August, in a 3–1 home win over West Ham United. Emery started the Europa League on 20 September 2018 with a 4-2 victory over Vorskla Poltava.

title: List of Arsenal F.C. players (1–24 appearances)

text: Arsenal Football Club, an association football club based in Islington, London, was founded in 1886 as Dial Square. They became the first southern member admitted into the Football League in 1893, having spent their first four seasons solely participating in cup tournaments and friendlies. The club's name, which shortly changed to Woolwich Arsenal, was shortened to Arsenal in 1914, a year after moving to Highbury. Despite finishing fifth in the Second Division in 1914–15, Arsenal rejoined the First Division at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur when football resumed after the First World War. Since that time, they have not fallen below the first tier of the English football league system and hold the record for the longest uninterrupted period in the top flight. The club's first team have competed in numerous national and continental organised competitions, and all players who have played between 1 and 24 such matches are listed below.

title: George Armstrong (footballer)

text: George "Geordie" Armstrong (9 August 1944 – 1 November 2000) was an English football player and coach, who was mostly associated with Arsenal. A winger, Armstrong made his Arsenal debut in 1962 at the age of 17 and went on to make 621 appearanceswhich was then an all-time club recordbefore he left Highbury in 1977. He spent a season each with Leicester City and Stockport County, and then took up coaching, both domestically and abroad. After a year as Kuwait national team manager, Armstrong returned to Arsenal as reserve-team coach in 1990, a post which he held for the remaining ten years of his life.

title: List of Arsenal F.C. players

text: Arsenal Football Club, an association football club based in Islington, London, was founded in 1886 as Royal Arsenal. They became the first southern member admitted into the Football League in 1893, having spent their first four seasons solely participating in cup tournaments and friendlies. The club's name, which shortly changed to Woolwich Arsenal, was shortened to Arsenal in 1914, a year after moving to Highbury. Despite finishing fifth in the Second Division in 1914–15, Arsenal rejoined the First Division at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur when football resumed after the First World War. Since that time, they have not fallen below the first tier of the English football league system and hold the record for the longest uninterrupted period in the top flight. The club's first team has competed in numerous nationally and internationally organised competitions, and all players who have played in 100 or more such matches are listed below.

title: Olivér Mink

text: Olivér Mink (born 11 April 1970 in Pécs, Hungary) is a Hungarian retired footballer and football coach, who is currently the head coach of Hungarian first division club Pécsi MFC. He is one of the youngest head coaches in the league and he has not worked as head coach in the first division before. He is married with three children.

title: 2018–19 Arsenal W.F.C. season

text: The "2018–19 season" is Arsenal Women's Football Club's 33rd season of competitive football. The club is participating in the Women's Super League, the FA Cup and the League Cup. The club missed qualification for the Champions League with just one point in the previous season. This is the first full season of the club under Australian coach Joe Montemurro.

title: Arsenal F.C. league record by opponent

text: Arsenal Football Club is an English professional association football club based in Holloway, London. The club was formed in Woolwich in 1886 as Royal Arsenal before it was renamed Woolwich Arsenal in 1893. They became the first southern member admitted into the Football League in 1893, having spent their first four seasons solely participating in cup tournaments and friendlies. The club's name was shortened to Arsenal in 1914, a year after moving to Highbury. In spite of finishing fifth in the Second Division in 1915, Arsenal rejoined the First Division at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur when football resumed after the First World War. Since that time, they have not fallen below the first tier of the English football league system and hold the record for the longest uninterrupted period in the top flight. The club remained in the Football League until 1992, when its First Division was superseded as English football's top level by the newly formed Premier League, of which they were an inaugural member. In 2003–04, Arsenal completed a league season without a single defeat, something achieved only once before in English football, by Preston North End in 1888–89.

title: Arsen Petrosyan

text: Early in his career, he played in the Armenian First League with a team of young men 17 years of age. In 2009, Petrosyan went to Gandzasar Kapan. Apart from him at the club was his older brother, Alexander Petrosyan, and head coach who was their father, Samvel Petrosyan. That season Arsen was able to play only one game. After the departure of his father from the coaching staff, he left the club after the end of the season.

title: Matthew Knights

text:
Matthew Knights (born 5 October 1970) is an Australian rules football coach and former player who is currently serving as an assistant coach with the Geelong Football Club.
Knights played in the midfield for the Richmond Football Club from 1988 to 2002, before going on to forge a coaching career, most notably as head coach of the Essendon Football Club from 2008 to 2010 where he became the head coach of the Geelong VFL Football Club from 2012–14, guiding the Cats to the 2012 VFL Premiership and the 2013 VFL Grand Final.

title: List of Arsenal F.C. players (25–99 appearances)

text: Arsenal Football Club, an association football club based in Islington, London, was founded in 1886 as Royal Arsenal. They became the first southern member admitted into the Football League in 1893, having spent their first four seasons solely participating in cup tournaments and friendlies. The club's name, which shortly changed to Woolwich Arsenal, was shortened to Arsenal in 1914, a year after moving to Highbury. Despite finishing fifth in the Second Division in 1914–15, Arsenal rejoined the First Division at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur when football resumed after the First World War. Since that time, they have not fallen below the first tier of the English football league system and hold the record for the longest uninterrupted period in the top flight. The club's first team have competed in numerous nationally and internationally organised competitions, and all players who have played between 25 and 99 such matches, either as a member of the starting eleven or as a substitute, are listed below.

title: Jack Lambert (footballer, born 1902)

text: Lambert played for two seasons for Fulham before moving on to Southern League club Margate, who at the time were Arsenal's "nursery" club; he chose Margate because the club were happy for him to take coaching courses as well as playing. In January 1936, after Margate's manager resigned, Lambert took over as player-manager until the end of the season; he continued in post until returning to Arsenal in 1938 as coach of the club's "A" team.


query: When was the first Silent Hill released?

title: Silent Hill (video game)

text: Silent Hill[lower-alpha 1] is a survival horror video game for the PlayStation published by Konami and developed by Team Silent, a group in Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo. The first installment in the Silent Hill series, the game was released in North America in January 1999, and in Japan and Europe later that year. Silent Hill uses a third-person view, with real-time rendering of 3D environments. To mitigate limitations of the console hardware, developers liberally used fog and darkness to muddle the graphics. Unlike earlier survival horror games that focused on protagonists with combat training, the player character of Silent Hill is an "everyman".[1]

title: Silent Hill (video game)

text: Silent Hill was released for the PlayStation in North America on January 31, 1999; in Japan on March 4, 1999; and in Europe on August 1, 1999.[46] It was included in the Japanese Silent Hill Complete Set in 2006.[47] On March 19, 2009, Silent Hill became available for download from the European PlayStation Network store of the PlayStation 3 and the PlayStation Portable.[48] Two days later, the game was removed due to "unforeseen circumstances".[49] On September 10, 2009, Silent Hill was released on the North American PlayStation Network.[50] On October 26, 2011 it was re-released on the European PlayStation Network.[51]

title: Silent Hill HD Collection

text:
"Silent Hill HD Collection" received an average score of 70/100 from Metacritic for the PlayStation 3 release and 69/100 for the Xbox 360 release, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
According to "Play", "Technically the collection is lacking, but there's no denying the quality of the games." The "Official PlayStation Magazine" stated: "As an exercise in Playstation fear, it doesn't come any purer than this." Conversely, GameTrailers expressed disappointment with the collection, writing: "The inconsistent presentation, compromises to the original developer’s vision, and lack of any interesting bonus features make this compilation’s $40 price even more unnerving than its games." The new voice acting drew a range of reactions, from praise as a general improvement over the originals, to mixed results. Several reviewers commented on the absence of other "Silent Hill" games, such as "Silent Hill 4: The Room" and "Silent Hill: Origins". Glitches and issues with the lip-synching were also noted.

title: Silent Hill (comics)

text: This story was originally released as a five-issue limited series and later collected and released in a single volume trade paperback. The first two dealt with a doctor and patient, while the remaining three issues covered a group of goth kids. The first two issues rapidly sold out and required a second printing, in fact "Silent Hill #2 sold out, including IDW’s overprinting, before it even shipped to stores."

title: Silent Hill 4: The Room

text: "Silent Hill 4: The Room" was first released in Japan on June 17, 2004. The game was shipped for its subsequent North American and European releases on September 7, with pre-ordering customers receiving the soundtrack for free with the game in the former market. The game, alongside its two PS2 predecessors, was rereleased in 2006 as part of "The Silent Hill Collection" European boxset, as a tie-in with the release of the "Silent Hill" film, and again in 2009. Microsoft has confirmed that their Xbox 360 console is backward compatible with the game's Xbox port.

title: Silent Hill 3

text: "Silent Hill 3" was created by Team Silent, a production group within Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo. Development on the PlayStation 2 version began after the release of "Silent Hill 2" in September 2001, and was carried out almost simultaneously with development of another "Silent Hill" title that was intended to explore a different direction for the franchise and not be part of the main, numbered series; known as "Room 302", this game would eventually become integrated into the main series as "". The development team for this iteration was smaller than that working on "Silent Hill 2", with around 40 people working on the game, made up of the core team from the second title and some newcomers. A smaller group of Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo staff later developed a port for Microsoft Windows.

title: Silent Hill: Downpour

text: A spin-off comic, "Anne's Story", was written by Tom Waltz and illustrated by Tristan Jones. Based on downloadable content for "Downpour" that was never released, it centers on Anne and her parallel journey through Silent Hill as she attempts to capture Murphy. IDW Publishing released the four issues in print from September to December 2014, and reprinted them as part of the second volume of the "Silent Hill Omnibus" in October 2015.

title: Survival horror

text: Konami's "Silent Hill", released in 1999, drew heavily from "Resident Evil" while using realtime 3D environments in contrast to "Resident Evil"'s pre-rendered graphics. "Silent Hill" in particular was praised for moving away from B movie horror elements to the psychological style seen in art house or Japanese horror films, due to the game's emphasis on a disturbing atmosphere rather than visceral horror. The game also featured stealth elements, making use of the fog to dodge enemies or turning off the flashlight to avoid detection. The original "Silent Hill" is considered one of the scariest games of all time, and the strong narrative from "Silent Hill 2" in 2001 has made the "Silent Hill" series one of the most influential in the genre. According to IGN, the "golden age of survival horror came to a crescendo" with the release of "Silent Hill".

title: Silent Hill

text: "Silent Hill HD Collection" is a HD re-release of "Silent Hill 2" and "Silent Hill 3" for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, featuring high-resolution visuals, new sounds, new voices and Trophies/Achievements for both games. "Silent Hill 2" features the exclusive option to use both the old and new voices; however, "Silent Hill 3" features only a new voice track, with the old voices unavailable due to legal reasons. "Silent Hill 2" features both the main scenario and the "Born from a Wish" sub-scenario for Maria seen in later re-releases, namely the "Director's Cut". This pack is also the first time "Silent Hill 3" is playable on an Xbox brand console. The collection got mixed to negative reviews due to severe issues with both games, such as severe framerate problems, lockups and more. While the PlayStation 3 version was patched, the Xbox 360 patch was cancelled and Konami offered refunds to all Xbox 360 owners of the game.

title: Team Silent

text: Team Silent was a development group within Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo (KCET), responsible for the first four games in the "Silent Hill" franchise by Konami released from 1999 to 2004, with later titles developed by external Western companies such as Climax Studios, Double Helix Games and Vatra Games. According to composer Akira Yamaoka, Team Silent consisted of staff members that had failed at other projects and originally intended to leave the company before the first "Silent Hill" game turned out to be a success. According to a "Silent Hill Homecoming" artist, Team Silent was ultimately disbanded by Konami itself, because Konami wanted Western developers to make the games. KCET was merged into the parent company Konami in April 2005.

title: List of Silent Hill series characters

text: Howard Blackwood is a mysterious postmaster who works in Silent Hill. He has been working as a postmaster for over a century as he appears in the comic "Past Life", which is set in the 19th century; it is implied that he was drawn to Silent Hill after a self-defense kill and having to undergo his torment over and over. Unlike many other people who stumble over Silent Hill, Howard seems to know a great deal about the mechanism of the town, whether mundane or not. When Murphy Pendleton arrives in Silent Hill in "Silent Hill: Downpour", he meets Howard several times, who gives cryptic conversation and clues about the town before abruptly disappearing. Howard also plays a major role in "Silent Hill: Book of Memories" as he is the one who gives the player character the titular book in the first place, as well as serving as the in-game shopkeeper.

title: Silent Hill 2

text: Silent Hill 2 is a survival horror video game published by Konami for the PlayStation 2 and developed by Team Silent, part of Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo. It was released in September 2001 as the second installment in the "Silent Hill" series. An extended version containing an extra bonus scenario and other additions was published for Xbox in December of the same year. In 2002 it was ported to Windows. A remastered high-definition version was released for the PlayStation 3 and the Xbox 360 in 2012 as part of the "Silent Hill HD Collection".

title: Silent Hill

text: A film adaptation of the first game in the series, "Silent Hill", was released in 2006. It was adapted and directed by the French film director, producer and writer Christophe Gans. Gans himself is a big fan of the "Silent Hill" game series. A second film adaptation, titled "" and based on "Silent Hill 3", was released in 2012. The former received mixed reviews, while the latter received generally negative reviews.

title: Silent Hill 2

text: "Silent Hill 2" shared the same atmosphere of psychological horror as the first "Silent Hill" game. As the developers already had a rough sense of the game's environment, they focused on its plot first, in contrast to the process used with the first game. The PlayStation 2 hardware allowed the developers to create improved fog and shadow special effects. For example, as a monster approaches the player character, its shadow cast on the wall by the flashlight grows. When dealing with the game's camera angles, the team struggled with a balance between those that stayed true to the creative vision and those that did not hamper gameplay. Psychological elements, such as the gradual disappearance of Mary's letter and symbolic holes, were incorporated into the game. The team wanted "Silent Hill 2"s protagonist to "reflect [the] evil," against which the protagonist of the first game battles.

title: Silent Hill

text: "" is a mobile phone spin-off title for the Silent Hill franchise. It was first released in Japan for the FOMA phone December 19, 2007; and was released for the iOS internationally in 2009.

title: Silent Hill 4: The Room

text: Silent Hill 4: The Room is a survival horror video game, the fourth installment in the "Silent Hill" series, published by Konami and developed by Team Silent, a production group within Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo. The game was released in Japan in June 2004 and in North America and Europe in September of the same year. "Silent Hill 4" was released for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows. Its soundtrack was released at the same time. In 2012, it was released on the Japanese PlayStation Network.

title: Silent Hill 3

text: A film adaptation of "Silent Hill 3", titled "Silent Hill: Revelation 3D", was released on October 26, 2012, by Open Road Films. The film is a sequel to the film adaptation of the first installment in the "Silent Hill" series. Directed by Michael J. Bassett, it starred Adelaide Clemens as Heather, Kit Harington as Vincent Cooper, Sean Bean as Harry Mason, Carrie-Ann Moss as Claudia Wolf, and Malcolm McDowell as Leonard Wolf. The film received a five percent approval rating from review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, with a general consensus: "Mediocre effort even by the standards of video game adaptations, "Silent Hill: Revelation 3D" features weak characters and an incomprehensible plot with a shortage of scares."

title: Silent Hill 3

text: Silent Hill 3 is a survival horror video game published by Konami for the PlayStation 2 and developed by Team Silent, a production group within Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo. It is the third installment in the "Silent Hill" series and a sequel to the first "Silent Hill" game. It was released in May 2003, with a port to Microsoft Windows released in October of the same year. A remastered high-definition version was released as part of the "Silent Hill HD Collection", for the PlayStation 3 and the Xbox 360 on March 20, 2012.

title: Silent Hill 2

text: In 2006, Konami re-released the extended version of "Silent Hill 2" with its indirect PS2 sequels, "Silent Hill 3" and "", in a bundle entitled "The Silent Hill Collection" in Europe and Japan. "Silent Hill HD Collection", a compilation of remastered high-definition editions of "Silent Hill 2" and "3", was released for the PlayStation 3 and the Xbox 360 on March 20, 2012. It contains new voice actors for the characters of both games, along with the option in "Silent Hill 2" to listen to the original ones. It had multiple bugs and technical issues upon launch; these were barely ironed out following the release of online patches.

title: Silent Hill 4: The Room

text: Development of the fourth "Silent Hill" game by Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo's development group Team Silent began shortly after the release of "Silent Hill 2" and alongside "Silent Hill 3", with the intentions of creating a new style of game that would take the series in a different direction than the previous games. Despite what has been popularized around the Internet, "Silent Hill 4" was always meant to be connected to Silent Hill and not an unrelated separate horror game that later became a "Silent Hill" title, although different gameplay mechanics and change were intended. News of the game's development was made public by October 2003, and official announcements by Konami followed at Gamers' Day 2004. The game was produced by the series' recurring sound designer and composer Akira Yamaoka. Its working title, prior to its incorporation into the rest of the series, was simply "Room 302".

title: Silent Hill: Orphan

text: Silent Hill: Orphan (known as Silent Hill Mobile in Europe) is the debut release for the "Silent Hill" franchise on the mobile phone, developed by Swedish game development company Gamefederation Studio AB (a wholly owned subsidiary of Digiment Ltd) under Technical Director Eirik Moseng and Art Director Anders Korodi. The game is set in an abandoned orphanage and is played through first-person, point-and-click gameplay. In order for the player to survive, a string of puzzles must be solved by using various items and clues. "Orphan" also unveils a new perspective on some past events that have occurred in the town. A second mobile game was released in Japan in 2007 titled "". This installment utilized motion technology to sense gestures through the phone's camera.

title: Silent Hill

text: The third installment in the series follows a teenaged girl named Heather as she becomes caught in a conflict within Silent Hill's cult and discovers her true origin. It was released in May 2003 for the PlayStation 2, with a port to Microsoft Windows released in October of the same year. "Silent Hill 3" is a direct sequel to the first installment in the series.

title: Silent Hill HD Collection

text: Silent Hill HD Collection is a compilation of remastered ports of "Silent Hill 2" and "Silent Hill 3" released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.

title: Silent Hill (video game)

text: Silent Hill received positive reviews from critics on its release and was commercially successful. It is considered a defining title in the survival horror genre, and is also considered by many to be one of the greatest video games ever made, as it moved away from B movie horror elements toward a more psychological horror style, emphasizing atmosphere.[1] Various adaptations of Silent Hill have been released, including a 2001 visual novel, the 2006 feature film Silent Hill, and a 2009 reimagining of the game, titled Silent Hill: Shattered Memories. The game was followed by Silent Hill 2 in 2001, and a direct sequel, Silent Hill 3, in 2003.

title: Silent Hill: Orphan

text: Both "Silent Hill: Orphan" and "Silent Hill: Orphan 2" and 3 were released in the standard .jar Java format, compatible with phones which support such feature.

title: Silent Hill 3

text: The soundtrack for "Silent Hill 3", composed by Akira Yamaoka, was released in Europe on March 25, 2003 and in Japan on July 16, 2003. The song "You're Not Here" was included in the PS2 port of "Dance Dance Revolution Extreme", and is also included in the "Silent Hill Experience" UMD media pack. The game's soundtrack is the first using vocals prominently. Most of the vocalized tracks are performed by Mary Elizabeth McGlynn (credited as Melissa Williamson); one song features vocals by Joe Romersa.

title: Silent Hill

text: The seventh installment in the series is a reimagining of the first installment. Developed by Climax Studios for the Wii in December 2009, with ports for the PlayStation 2 and the PlayStation Portable released in January 2010. "Shattered Memories" retains the premise of the original game—Harry Mason's quest to find his missing daughter in the American town of Silent Hill—but is set in what appears to be a different fictional universe, following a different plot, with characters from the first game appearing altered alongside new ones. Gameplay takes place in two parts: a framing, first-person psychotherapy session with an unseen patient, and an over-the-shoulder perspective of Harry's journey through Silent Hill, periodically interrupted by the occurrence of a shift to an alternate dimension where he is pursued by monsters.

title: Silent Hill

text: The fifth installment in the series is a prequel that follows trucker Travis Grady, who becomes trapped in Silent Hill after rescuing a girl from a burning house. During his quest to find the fate of the burned girl, he encounters characters from previous installments and is forced to face his past. It was developed by Climax Studios and released in 2007 for the PlayStation Portable, with a port for the PlayStation 2 released in 2008 and was also the first Silent Hill title developed outside Japan. It is known as "Silent Hill Zero" in Japan.

title: Silent Hill

text: The second installment in the series follows James Sunderland searching for his deceased wife in Silent Hill after having received a letter from her informing him that she is waiting for him there. After searching in and exploring the mysterious town, he ultimately realizes her death's true nature. It was released in September 2001 for the PlayStation 2. An extended version of the game was released for the Xbox in December of the same year as "Silent Hill 2: Restless Dreams" in North America and "Silent Hill 2: Inner Fears" in Europe, and for the PlayStation 2 in 2002 as "Silent Hill 2: Director's Cut", with a port of "Director's Cut" to Microsoft Windows released in December 2002.

title: Silent Hill (video game)

text: A radically altered version of Silent Hill was released for the Game Boy Advance. Titled Play Novel: Silent Hill and released only in Japan in 2001, it is a gamebook-style visual novel. It contains a retelling of Silent Hill's story through text-based gameplay, with the player occasionally confronted with questions concerning what direction to take the character, as well as the puzzles, which are a major part of Silent Hill's gameplay. After completing the game once, the player has the option of playing as Cybil in a second scenario, with a third made available for download once the second scenario has been completed.[52] When the game was exhibited, Western critics were unimpressed, and criticized the lack of any soundtrack as severely detracting from the "horror" factor of the game.[52][53]