query: Where is Kharkov?

title: Kharkiv

text: Kharkiv (Ukrainian: Ха́рків, romanized:Chárkiv, pronounced[ˈxɑrkiu̯]),[6] also known as Kharkov (Ха́рьков) from Russian, is the second-largest city in Ukraine.[7] In the northeast of the country, it is the largest city of the Slobozhanshchyna historical region. Kharkiv is the administrative centre of Kharkiv Oblast and of the surrounding Kharkiv Raion, though administratively it is incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. Population: 1,439,036(2017 est.)[8]

title: Kharkov Military District

text: The Kharkov Military District was first established on 1864 as part of Dmitry Milyutin's reform of the military administrative system. Its headquarters was in Kharkov, and it controlled troops on the territory of Voronezh, Kursk, Oryol, Poltava, Kharkov, and Chernigov Governorates. The district was abolished on 31 October 1888, with most of its territory being transferred to the Kiev Military District, excluding Voronezh and Oryol Governorates, which became part of the Moscow Military District.

title: Vecherniy Kharkov

text: Vecherniy Kharkov (, literally "Evening Kharkiv") is a popular regional Ukrainian newspaper published in Russian. The editor-in-chief of "Vecherniy Kharkov" is Tatyana Kostenko. The newspaper "Vecherniy Kharkov" is a regional information printed edition for Kharkiv residents and provides information on the life of the region.

title: First Battle of Kharkov

text:
Kharkov was one of the largest industrial centers of the Soviet Union. One of its greatest contributions was the Soviet T-34 tank that was both designed and developed at the Kharkov Tractor Factory. It was considered to be the most powerful tank plant in the country. Other factories that were located in the city included the Kharkov Aircraft Plant, Kharkov Plant of the NKVD (FED), and the Kharkov Turbine Plant. Military products that were in Kharkov before the battle started included: tanks, Su-2, artillery tractors, 82 mm mortars, sub-machine guns, ammunition, and other military equipment.
The main objective for the German troops was to capture the railroad and military factories, thus they desperately tried to keep the industrial area of Kharkov intact. Adolf Hitler himself stressed the importance of those military plants stating: "… The second in importance is south of Russia, particularly the Donets Basin, ranging from the Kharkov region. There is the whole basis of [the] Russian economy; if the area is mastered then it would inevitably lead to the collapse of the entire Russian (sic - Soviet) economy…"

title: Dositheus (Ivanchenko)

text: In 1927 he moved to Kharkov, where he was engaged in scientific work at the mathematical department of the university, and then in the rank of professor for 12 years headed the chair of mathematics at the Kharkov Electrotechnical Institute. During this time he wrote a number of works on the specialty.

title: Kharkov Mathematical Society

text:
Kharkov Mathematical Society was established in 1879 at Kharkov University by the initiative of
Vasilii Imshenetskii, who also later founded the St. Petersburg Mathematical Society.
According to the statute of the society, "the aim of the Kharkov Mathematical Society was to support the development of mathematical science and education".
From 1885 to 1902 in Kharkov lived and worked an outstanding Russian mathematician Aleksandr Lyapunov.
During this period, Lyapunov's activities played an important role in the development of the Society.
From 1902 to 1906, the Kharkov Mathematical Society was headed by Vladimir Steklov,
the outstanding student of Aleksandr Lyapunov,
who later organized and became the first director of the Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow.

title: Wincenty Sleńdziński

text: In 1867, he was given permission to live in Kharkov, where he stayed until he was allowed to leave in 1872. He then went to Kraków, where he made the acquaintance of Jan Matejko. Later, he went to Dresden, where he lived with Józef Ignacy Kraszewski and his family. It was then that he first made a name for himself as a portrait painter. He also helped restore the paintings at Kórnik Castle. In 1875, after accidentally crossing the Austro-Hungarian border while hiking, he was ordered back to Kharkov.

title: Third Battle of Kharkov

text: The Wehrmacht flanked, encircled, and defeated the Red Army's armored spearheads south of Kharkov. This enabled Manstein to renew his offensive against the city of Kharkov proper on 7 March. Despite orders to encircle Kharkov from the north, the SS Panzer Corps instead decided to directly engage Kharkov on 11 March. This led to four days of house-to-house fighting before Kharkov was recaptured by the 1st SS Panzer Division on 15 March. The German forces recaptured Belgorod two days later, creating the salient which in July 1943 would lead to the Battle of Kursk. The German offensive cost the Red Army an estimated 90,000 casualties. The house-to-house fighting in Kharkov was also particularly bloody for the German SS Panzer Corps, which had approximately 4,300 men killed and wounded by the time operations ended in mid March.

title: Sergey Kharkov

text: Sergei Kharkov AKA Sergej Charkov (born November 17, 1970) is a Russian gymnast, Olympic champion and world champion. He competed for the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation before immigrated to Germany where he won the national championship 8 times. After his retirement from competition he coaches the TG Saar gymnastics team in Saarbrücken and performs in sport shows. Kharkov is married with 2 children and lives in Dillingen, Germany.

title: Ida Rubinstein

text: Rubinstein was born into one of Russia's richest families, to Jewish parents in Kharkov, Russian Empire, and grew up in Saint Petersburg. For many years, it was a mystery whether she was born in Kharkov or Saint Petersburg, complicated by the rumour that "Ida" was short for "Adelaida". Rubinstein herself would not confirm where she was born, nor if Ida was a nickname, preferring the aura of mystery. Years after her death, the record was discovered in the archives of the Kharkov Choral Synagogue, where her father had been a board member: the birth of a daughter, Ida Lvovna, on 21 September (O.S., N.S. 5 October), to father Lev Ruvimovich, Honorary Citizen of Kharkov, and mother Ernestina Isaakovna Rubinstein, had been dutily recorded in the registry for 1883. She had an older sister, Rachel, born in 1876.

title: Alexander Lubimov

text: Since 1901 Alexander Lubimov worked as an extern at the Higher School of Arts at the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in the studio of Ilya Repin, later of Pavel Chistyakov. After graduation in 1909, Alexander Lubimov went to city of Kharkov, Ukraine, where by recommendation of Ilya Repin he headed in the years 1912-1919 Kharkov Art College, where his student was Alexander Deyneka.

title: Kharkiv

text: First Battle of Kharkov Second Battle of Kharkov Third Battle of Kharkov Fourth Battle of Kharkov (see also Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev)

title: Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive Operation

text: The battle is usually referred to as the Fourth Battle of Kharkov by the Germans and the Belgorod–Kharkov Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviets. The Soviet operation was executed in two primary axis, one in the Belgorod-Kharkov axis and another in the Belgorod-Bogodukhov axis.

title: Antony (Khrapovitsky)

text: On 19 May 1914, he was appointed to the Kharkov and Akhtyrka cathedra. After the February 1917 Revolution, he was forced to ask for retirement because of poor relations with the new authorities in his area and the discontent of certain members of his clergy. On 1 May 1917, he was retired and assigned to the Valaam Monastery, where he wrote his book "The Doctrine of Redemption," which later caused controversy among Orthodox theologians. In August 1917 he was again elected Archbishop of Kharkov by the Diocesan council of Kharkov.

title: Alexei Kornienko

text: Kornienko's musical education started at the age of 5. After musical studies in Kharkov and in Kiev Kornienko entered the "Moscow P.I. Tchaikovsky Conservatory" in 1972 to study in the piano class of Yakov Zak. In 1978, after graduating from the Conservatory, he became a piano tutor at the "Kharkov Institute of Arts" where he simultaneously studied conducting under the guidance of Vakhtang Jordania.

title: Kiev Suvorov Military School

text: It was founded in 1943 as the Kharkov Suvorov Military School. It was located on Lenin Square in Kharkov. On July 1, 1947, the school was relocated from Kharkov to Kiev, where it was renamed the Kiev Suvorov Military School. In 1992, by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on August 19, 1992, the Ivan Bohun Military High School was established on the basis of the Kiev Suvorov Military School.

title: Valery Mezhlauk

text: Valery Ivanovich Mezhlauk was born February 7, 1893, in Kharkov in the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine), one of five sons of an ethnic Latvian nobleman, a teacher, and German mother. In 1914 he earned a degree in history and philology and in 1917 a degree in jurisprudence from Kharkov University, where he also taught from 1913 to 1916. He joined the revolutionary movement and became a member of RSDRP in 1907 and of the Communist Party or VKP(b) in July 1917.

title: Nikolai Sinelnikov

text: Born in Kharkov into a teacher's family, Sinelnikov debuted on stage in 1874, as a member of the Kharkov-based Nikolai Dyukov's troupe. He moved on to work in Zhitomir (1875—1877), Nikolayev (1877—1878), Stavropol (1878—1880), Vladikavkaz (1880—1881) and Kazan, where in 1882 he debuted as a stage director with "The Wild Girl" by Alexander Ostrovsky and Nikolai Solovyov.

title: 411th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)

text:
The division was formed in August and September, 1941 in the Kharkov Military District. Like the 393rd Rifle Division, it was probably formed from a cadre of militia raised in the Kharkov area from late August. Its order of battle was as follows:
In September, the division was briefly assigned to the re-forming 10th Army, in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command. In the following month the division was reassigned to 6th Army in Southwestern Front, where it would remain for the remainder of its existence. The division took part in the winter counter-offensive which led to the creation of the Izium salient south of Kharkov.

title: Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive Operation

text: The Belgorod-Kharkov Strategic Offensive Operation, or simply Belgorod-Kharkov Offensive Operation, was a Soviet strategic summer offensive that aimed to recapture Belgorod and Kharkov (now "Kharkiv"), and destroy the German forces of the 4th Panzer Army and Army Detachment Kempf. The operation was codenamed Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev (), after the 18th-century Field Marshal Peter Rumyantsev and was conducted by the Voronezh and Steppe Fronts in the southern sector of the Kursk Bulge. The battle was referred to as the Fourth Battle of Kharkov by the Germans.

title: Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade

text: In 1933–1934 the university merged with the Kharkov Planned Institute of Consumer Cooperatives and it moved to Kharkov. In 1940 it joined with several Kharkov universities to form Kharkov Institute of Soviet Trade. In 1959 the Kharkov Institute of Soviet Trade moved to the city of Stalino and became the Stalin Institute of Soviet Trade, and from 1961, the Donetsk Institute of Soviet Trade.

title: Konstantin Andreev

text: Around that time, by recommendation of one of his teachers, Andreev was invited for PhD studies to the University of Kharkov. He accepted and from January 1874 began teaching university courses there. In February 1875, he defended his PhD "On a geometric formation of planar curves" and was promoted to a full-time lecturer. At the end of 1876, Andreev was sent for practice to Europe for one and half years. He spent that time mostly in Berlin and Paris, where he prepared his habilitation work "On the geometric correspondences, as applied to the problem of constructing curves". He defended that work in Moscow in February 1879 and was soon appointed as full professor of the Kharkov University, as well as of Kharkov Technology Institute.

title: Oleksandr Dovbiy

text: In 2003, Alexander Dovbiy held in the FC Sokol Saratov, and then returned to Ukraine where he was a coach of FC Zarya in Lugansk was. He helped the club to stay in the A league. In 2005, Alexander Dovbiy returned to Kharkov, where he was a football manager in FC Kharkov-2 and FC Hazovyk-KhGV Kharkiv that play in the B league. In 2009, he worked in the Moldovan club FC Zaria Bălți, but in June left the coaching position.

title: Sergey Kharkov

text: Kharkov competed for the Soviet Union at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul where he received gold medals in "floor exercises" and in "team all-around".

title: Kharkov electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917)

text: The Kharkov electoral district () was a constituency created for the Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917. The electoral district covered the Kharkov Governorate.

title: Nikolay Beketov

text:
Beketov's biggest merit was his contribution into physical chemistry as an independent science. In 1860, he taught a course on "Relations between physical and chemical phenomena" in Kharkov and a course on "Physical Chemistry" in 1865. In 1864, a Physical Chemistry Department in Kharkov University was established with his active participation, where students would conduct research and do practical
work.

title: Kharkov Military District

text: The Kharkov Military District () was a military district of the Russian Empire, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and the Soviet Union. Throughout its history, the district headquarters was located in the city of Kharkov in northeastern Ukraine.

title: FC Dynamo Kharkiv

text: The club was originally found in 1911 by 20 year old Kostiantyn Voronin as FC Tsap-Tsarap Kharkov. During that time in Kharkiv took place the first regional and city championship that was won by FC Feniks Kharkov. The club Tsap-Tsarap however has officially registered only in 1912 as FC Shturm Kharkov and its first chairman became Ya.Zhuga. On 19 March 1912 there took place a constituent assembly of the Kharkov City League which was initially headed by M.Mayevsky (a player of FC Mayak Kharkov). The same year the league joined the Russian Football Union, while its collective team participated in the first championship of Russia. After the Russian Civil War the captain's armband Voronin passed on to a younger player Mykola Krotov.

title: Battle of Kursk

text: By 12 August, the outskirts of Kharkov had been reached. The Soviet advance was finally halted by a counter-attack by the 2nd and 3rd SS Panzer Divisions. In the ensuing tank battles, the Soviet armies suffered heavy losses in armour. After this setback, the Soviets focused on Kharkov. After heavy fighting the city was liberated on 23 August. This battle is referred to by the Germans as the Fourth Battle of Kharkov, while the Soviets refer to it as the Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation.

title: Third Battle of Kharkov

text: The Third Battle of Kharkov was a series of battles on the Eastern Front of World War II, undertaken by the German Army Group South against the Red Army, around the city of Kharkov (or "Kharkiv") between 19 February and 15 March 1943. Known to the German side as the Donets Campaign, and in the Soviet Union as the Donbas and Kharkov operations, the German counterstrike led to the recapture of the cities of Kharkov and Belgorod.

title: Battle of Kharkov

text: The Battle of Kharkov was any one of four World War II battles in and near the city of Kharkov. In usage the term is sometimes indistinct, perhaps meaning the collection of all fighting at Kharkov including and in between the four named battles, or perhaps meaning just one of the battles without specifying which. For example, soldiers have received awards "for their action in the Battle of Kharkov".


query: When was the first episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000?

title: List of Mystery Science Theater 3000 episodes

text: Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K) is an American television comedy series created by Joel Hodgson and produced by Best Brains, Inc. The show premiered on KTMA (now WUCW) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 24, 1988. The next year, in 1989, the show began its national run on The Comedy Channel/Comedy Central, running for seven seasons on that channel until its cancellation in 1996. The following year, it was picked up by The Sci-Fi Channel and aired for three more seasons there until another cancellation in August 1999 (although repeats continued until 2004). A sixty-episode syndication package titled The Mystery Science Theater Hour was produced in 1995. [1]

title: The Brain That Wouldn't Die

text: The film was featured in episode 513 of "Mystery Science Theater 3000". This film was the first movie watched by Mike Nelson in "Mystery Science Theater 3000", after he replaced Joel Robinson (Joel Hodgson) on the series. "Jan in the Pan" is the nickname given to the female lead by the characters on the show.

title: Clowns in the Sky

text: Clowns in the Sky: The Musical History of Mystery Science Theater 3000 is the title of a CD featuring music from the first seven seasons of "Mystery Science Theater 3000". Released in 1996 exclusively through the MST3K Info Club, the songs featured include the many versions of the opening theme, the closing theme, and various tunes that were featured in host segments throughout the show. The CD takes its name from "A Clown in the Sky", the song featured in the last host segment of episode 303 ("Pod People").

title: I Was a Teenage Werewolf

text: In April 1997, the movie was mocked directly when it was featured in episode 809 of "Mystery Science Theater 3000". The host segments, however, parody the film "Alien."

title: The Starfighters

text: "The Starfighters" was featured in episode #612 of "Mystery Science Theatre 3000". The cast and crew (and later fans) of "Mystery Science Theater 3000" were the film's most prominent critics. Tom Servo summed it up thusly: "So basically, according to themselves, the Air Force is a bunch of leather-faced, not-so-bright, heavy drinking, dull-witted speed freaks who poop in their pants and can't make it with women, right?" "The Mystery Science Theater 3000 Amazing Colossal Episode Guide" complained "nothing happens in it."

title: Mystery Science Theater 3000

text: Backers of the campaign at higher tiers were able to see the first episode at limited "Red Carpet Kickstarter Screening" events shown in a few theaters during February and March 2017. The fourteen episodes were released on Netflix on April 14, 2017, though Kickstarter backers had the opportunity to see the episodes in the days preceding this.

title: Robot Monster

text: The film was featured in a 1986 episode of the "Canned Film Festival", and a 1989 episode of "Mystery Science Theater 3000".

title: Observer (Mystery Science Theater 3000)

text: Observer (also known as Brain Guy) is a fictional character in the "Mystery Science Theater 3000" television series. He is played by Bill Corbett, and appears in the eighth through eleventh seasons of the series.

title: The Corpse Vanishes

text: "Mystery Science Theater 3000" showed the movie in the fifth episode of their first season. The movie was considered so bad that when Tom Servo was questioned by Joel if there was anything positive from the movie, he short circuits. The MST3K episode is available in the collectors volume 16.

text: The eleventh season of the series is listed by Netflix as Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Return.

title: Monstrosity (film)

text: The "Mystery Science Theater 3000" version of the film was released by Rhino Home Video as part of the "Mystery Science Theater 3000 Collection, Vol. 3" DVD box set. The collection also included the MST3K versions of "The Sidehackers" (episode #202) and "The Unearthly" (episode #320) plus a disc of six MST3K shorts. The four-disc collection was later re-issued by Shout Factory in September 2016.

title: Crash of the Moons

text: The film is featured in episode 417 of "Mystery Science Theater 3000" and the episode is available as part of "Mystery Science Theater 3000: Volume XVIII" from Shout! Factory.

title: Mystery Science Theater 3000

text: Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K) is an American television comedy series created by Joel Hodgson and produced by Alternaversal Productions, LLC. The show premiered on KTMA (now WUCW) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 24, 1988. It later aired on The Comedy Channel/Comedy Central for seven seasons until its cancellation in 1996. Thereafter, it was picked up by The Sci-Fi Channel and aired for three seasons until another cancellation in August 1999. A 60-episode syndication package titled "The Mystery Science Theater Hour" was produced in 1995. In 2015, Hodgson led a crowdfunded revival of the series with 14 episodes in its eleventh season, first released on Netflix on April 14, 2017, with another six-episode season following on November 22, 2018. 217 episodes and a have been produced.

text: 1. Episode 104 was both the last episode of Season 1 to be produced and to air. Despite this, it was given the lower production number.[9] 2. Due to issues with the movie rights, Episode 1003 debuted a month after the series finale first aired.[10]

title: Mystery Science Theater 3000

text: "Mystery Science Theater 3000" premiered on KTMA at 6:00 p.m. on Thanksgiving Day, November 24, 1988 with its first episode, "Invaders from the Deep", followed by a second episode, "Revenge of the Mysterons from Mars" at 8:00 p.m. The choice of running the premiere on Thanksgiving was by happenstance, as the station felt the show was ready to go at that point, according to Hodgson. Initially, the show's response was unknown, until Mallon set up a phone line for viewers to call in. Response was so great that the initial run of 13 episodes was extended to 21, with the show running to May 1989. Hodgson and Mallon negotiated to secure the rights for the show for themselves, creating Best Brains, Inc., agreeing to split ownership of the idea equally. During this time a fan club was set up and the show held its first live show at Scott Hansen's Comedy Gallery in Minneapolis, to a crowd of over 600.

title: Mystery Science Theater 3000

text: In 1995, a limited selection of episodes were repackaged into an hour-long show titled "Mystery Science Theater Hour", meant to be better suited for off-network syndication. In these, the original episode was split into two parts of roughly 45 minutes each excluding commercials. New skits leading and ending each episode incorporated Mike Nelson portraying television host Jack Perkins in a parody of Perkins' "Biography" series in mock flattery of the "MST3K" episode being shown.

text: Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie List of Mystery Science Theater 3000 home video releases The Film Crew RiffTrax Cinematic Titanic

title: Revenge of the Creature

text: In 1997, "Revenge of the Creature" was mocked on the comedy television series "Mystery Science Theater 3000", marking its first episode on the Sci-Fi Channel.

title: RiffTrax

text: In October 2015, Rifftrax negotiated the rights to release available "Mystery Science Theater 3000" episodes through Vimeo via an all-access subscription plan, with a new re-release uploaded each Monday; individual episodes could also be rented through the site, and in November 2015, RiffTrax also started to sell "Mystery Science Theater 3000" episodes on their website. The RiffTrax.com releases contain a newly recorded introduction on each episode by either Michael J. Nelson, Bill Corbett, Kevin Murphy, or Bridget Nelson and Mary Jo Pehl. A substantial percentage from the episode sales on the RiffTrax website goes to the cast members of MST3K.

title: Last Clear Chance

text:
The film was received positively by many people who worked in the safety industry, with it being reported that many of them considered it to be "the most moving and hard-hitting educational film on highway grade crossing accident prevention and traffic safety in recent years." It received an award at a national safety film contest. Rick Prelinger described the film as being "engaging" and opined that it was a "skillful drama." Bill Gibron of DVD Verdict branded the film as "hyper somber" and wrote that "we learn, finally, why reckless driving, trains, and painful automotive accidents don't mix. The question everyone keeps asking is 'Why don't they look?' The answer is simple. They're dopes!"
"Last Clear Chance" was featured in an episode of the comedy television series "Mystery Science Theater 3000". "Last Clear Chance" appeared in the twentieth episode of the fifth season, which was originally broadcast on December 18, 1993. "Last Clear Chance" became a "huge hit" thanks to its appearance on the show, and it has been described as one of the ""Mystery Science Theater 3000" favorites." Actor and writer Kevin Murphy, who plays Tom Servo on the show, opined that "Last Clear Chance" "is right up there with my all-time favorite shorts." Rhino Entertainment has released the segment featuring "Last Clear Chance" on VHS, as part of "Mystery Science Theater 3000 - Shorts Volume 2". "Shorts Volume 2" was later re-released on DVD in 2003, as part of "Mystery Science Theater 3000 Collection, Volume 3".

title: San Francisco International Airport (TV series)

text: The "Mystery Science Theater 3000" presentation of the series pilot first aired on November 19, 1994, as episode #614. In "The Mystery Science Theater 3000 Amazing Colossal Episode Guide", writer Paul Chaplin remarked on star Pernell Roberts's "astounding pomposity and self-absorption ... Pernell struts and preens like a balding cock-of-the-walk." Three of the episode's non-movie segments focus on host Mike Nelson's imitation of Urkel from the ABC sitcom Family Matters, which Chaplin admits many found to be "an odd decision".

title: Ring of Terror

text: "Ring of Terror" was featured in a second season episode of the television comedy series "Mystery Science Theater 3000." It was the sixth episode of the season, and was first broadcast on Comedy Central on November 3, 1990. In the show, a man named Joel Robinson is held captive in space and forced to watch the worst films that his captor, Dr. Clayton Forrester, can find. In order to put up with the poor films, Joel, and the robots he created, Tom Servo and Crow T. Robot make jokes at the expense of the film while they watch it. During the episode, they are visible at the bottom of the screen while they watch the film, in silhouette. Due to the short running time of "Ring of Terror," the third chapter of the 1939 serial "The Phantom Creeps" was played after "Ring of Terror" concluded. It was the final chapter of "The Phantom Creeps" to be featured on "Mystery Science Theater 3000."

text: The twelfth season, consisting of six episodes, was released on Netflix on November 22, 2018.[7] The season is presented as Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Gauntlet, where, in-universe, the Mads are challenging whether Jonah and the bots can sit through six bad movies back-to-back.[8]

text: Mystery Science Theater 3000 is an American TV show which aired between 1988 and 1999, and began a new series in 2017. This page summarizes video tape and DVD releases of episodes of the show. Episodes were initially released by Rhino Entertainment, with the rights later being purchased by Shout! Factory. Releases usually consist of boxsets of 4 episodes, although early releases consisted of just single episodes.

text: In 2015, Hodgson led a crowdfunded revival of the series with 14 episodes in its eleventh season which was released on Netflix. As of November22,2018, 217 episodes of Mystery Science Theater 3000have been released, concluding thetwelfth season.[2] A feature film, titled Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie, was also released on April 19, 1996.

title: Ring of Terror

text: On June 26, 2007, Rhino Home Video released the "Mystery Science Theater 3000" episode that features "Ring of Terror" on DVD, as part of "The Mystery Science Theater Collection: Volume 11."

title: Gunslinger (film)

text: "Gunslinger" was released on DVD by Optimum Home Entertainment on September 15, 2008, as part of "Roger Corman: The Collection", which included five other Corman-directed films: "Five Guns West", "The Haunted Palace", "The Premature Burial", "The Masque of Red Death" and "Wild Angels". The "Mystery Science Theater 3000" episode featuring "Gunslinger" has been released twice: once as part of Rhino Home Video's "Mystery Science Theater 3000 Collection, Volume 6" which included three other episodes from the series, and once by Shout! Factory as a standalone disc.

title: Dr. Clayton Forrester (Mystery Science Theater 3000)

text: Dr. Clayton Deborah Susan Forrester is a fictional character on the television series "Mystery Science Theater 3000" ("MST3K").

title: The Lonely Goatherd

text: In the "Werewolf" episode of "Mystery Science Theater 3000", Mike Nelson briefly sings the first few lines of the song during the movie's end credits.

title: Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie

text: Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie is a 1996 American science fiction comedy film and a film adaptation of the television series "Mystery Science Theater 3000", produced and set between seasons 6 and 7 of the show. It was distributed by Universal Pictures and Gramercy Pictures and produced by Best Brains.


query: When was Ford Motor Company established?

title: History of Ford Motor Company

text: Ford Motor Company is an American automaker and the world's fifth largest automaker based on worldwide vehicle sales. Based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, the automaker was founded by Henry Ford, on June 16, 1903. Ford Motor Company would go on to become one of the largest and most profitable companies in the world, as well as being one of the few to survive the Great Depression. The largest family-controlled company in the world, the Ford Motor Company has been in continuous family control for over 110 years. Ford now encompasses two brands: Ford and Lincoln. Ford once owned 5 other luxury brands: Volvo, Land Rover, Jaguar, Aston Martin and Mercury. Over time, those brands were sold to other companies and Mercury was discontinued.

title: Ford Motor Company

text: Ford's market presence in the Middle East has traditionally been small, partly due to previous Arab boycotts of companies dealing with Israel. Ford and Lincoln vehicles are currently marketed in ten countries in the region. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates are the biggest markets. Ford also established itself in Egypt in 1926 but faced an uphill battle during the 1950s due to the hostile nationalist business environment. Ford's distributor in Saudi Arabia announced in February 2003 that it had sold 100,000 Ford and Lincoln vehicles since commencing sales in November 1986. Half of the Ford and Lincoln vehicles sold in that country were Ford Crown Victorias. In 2004, Ford sold 30,000 units in the region, falling far short of General Motors' 88,852 units and Nissan Motors' 75,000 units.

title: Ford Motor Company Philippines

text: In 1997, Ford returned to the Philippines with the establishment of Ford Motor Company Philippines, Inc. (FMCPI), introducing US-made vehicles such as the Expedition, the F-150, the Clubwagon and the Lincoln Town Car. A new P4 Billion state-of-the-art assembly plant in Santa Rosa, Laguna opened in September 1999. The first car manufactured at the plant was the Ford Lynx, and the company began building the Mazda-based Ford Ranger in March 2000. FMPCI company expanded its line-up with the introduction of the Escape SUV, Explorer SUV and Everest SUV. Towards the end of the decade, the Fiesta and Mustang were also introduced in the local market.

title: Ford Foundation

text: The Ford Foundation is American private foundation with the mission of advancing human welfare. Created in 1936 by Edsel Ford and Henry Ford, it was originally funded by a US$25,000 gift from Edsel Ford. By 1947, after the death of the two founders, the foundation owned 90% of the non-voting shares of the Ford Motor Company. (The Ford family retained the voting shares.) Between 1955 and 1974, the foundation sold its Ford Motor Company holdings and now plays no role in the automobile company. Ahead of the foundation selling its Ford Motor Company holdings, in 1949 Henry Ford II created the Ford Motor Company Fund, a separate corporate foundation which to this day serves as the philanthropic arm of the Ford Motor Company and is not associated with the foundation. For years it was the largest, and one of the most influential foundations in the world, with global reach and special interests in economic empowerment, education, human rights, democracy, the creative arts, and Third World development.

title: Lincoln Motor Company

text: During the early 1920s, Lincoln Motor Company struggled with the shift from military to automobile production, with some customers having to wait nearly a year for their vehicles to be completed from the time of purchase.[10] By 1922, Lincoln fell on the verge of bankruptcy and was placed in receivership. On February 4, 1922, Lincoln Motor Company was acquired by Ford Motor Company for $8 million.[11] Although Henry Ford had previously designed several luxury vehicles under the Ford brand (the 1904 Ford Model B, the 1905 Ford Model F, and the 1906 Ford Model K), Ford sought to create a stand-alone luxury-vehicle division[12], as General Motors had done with Cadillac. With the acquisition of Lincoln, Ford Motor Company produced a rival for Cadillac, Pierce-Arrow, Marmon, Peerless, Duesenberg, and Packard alongside the Ford Model T.

title: Elena Ford

text: Elena Ford (born May 25, 1966 as Elena Anne Ford-Niarchos) is the daughter of Charlotte Ford, an heiress to the Ford Motor Company fortune, and the Greek shipping tycoon Stavros Niarchos. She is a granddaughter of longtime Ford Motor Company president Henry Ford II and the great-great granddaughter of company founder Henry Ford. On March 1, 2013 Ford became a vice-president of the company, making her one of thirty-eight officers running the company. Currently she is Director of Global marketing for the company as a whole. She is responsible for marketing, product management and sales support activities for Ford Motor Company around the world. She is the first female Ford family member to hold a significant position at Ford.

title: History of Ford Motor Company

text: However, there were internal frictions in the company that Gray was nominally in charge of. Most of the investors, both Malcomson and Gray included, had their own businesses to attend to; only Ford and Couzens worked full-time at the company. The issue came to a head when the principal stockholders, Ford and Malcomson, quarreled over the future direction of the company. Gray sided with Ford. By early 1906 Malcomson was effectively frozen out of the Ford Motor Company, and in May sold his shares to Henry Ford.[2] John S. Gray died unexpectedly in 1906, and his position as Ford's president was taken over by Ford himself soon afterward.[2]

title: Ford Piquette Avenue Plant

text: In 1905, Ford Motor Company was the fourth-largest car producer in the United States, behind Cadillac, Rambler, and Oldsmobile. In the company's early years, most major components in its cars were manufactured by outside companies, including the "running gear" (the chassis, engine, transmission, drive shaft, and axles), which was supplied by the Dodge Brothers Company. That began to change in early 1906, when the Ford Manufacturing Company, a new, separate company created by Henry Ford and some Ford Motor Company stockholders, started to make engines and transmissions for the upcoming Ford Model N. The Ford Manufacturing Company was located at the Bellevue Avenue Plant, a leased factory off of Bellevue Avenue in Detroit. The Bellevue Avenue Plant was used until 1908, by which time almost all manufacturing of major components for Ford Motor Company cars was taking place at the Piquette Avenue Plant. Model N production began at the Piquette Avenue Plant in July 1906. That same month, Henry Ford bought the Ford Motor Company shares owned by fellow company co-founder Alexander Malcomson. While Malcomson was with the company, he and Henry Ford disagreed over the type of car that the company should produce. Malcomson preferred expensive cars, like the Ford Model K; Henry Ford favored inexpensive cars, like the Model N. Once Malcomson was no longer part of the company, Henry Ford, now with uncontested control, focused the company's efforts towards making cheap cars exclusively. The success of the Model N made Ford Motor Company the largest automaker in the United States by the end of 1906, a distinction that it would hold for twenty years.

title: John S. Gray (businessman)

text: However, despite the booming business, there were internal frictions in the company that Gray was nominally in charge of. Most of the investors, Malcomson and Gray included, had their own businesses to attend to; only Ford and Couzens worked full-time at the company, and Ford chafed at the status quo. The issue came to a head when the principal stockholders, Ford and Malcomson, quarreled over the future direction of the company. Gray sided with Ford, and by early 1906 Malcomson was effectively frozen out of the Ford Motor Company (and, indeed, had started his own competing auto company, AeroCar). In May, Malcomson sold his shares to Henry Ford, leaving the Ford Motor Company vice-president as majority stockholder.

title: Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant (Atlanta)

text: The Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant at 699 Ponce de Leon Avenue in the Poncey-Highland neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia was the headquarters of the Ford Motor Company's southeastern US operations from 1915 to 1942. As a result of good sales in Atlanta, and a desire to decentralize production, Ford established a combined assembly, sales, service and administration facility on Ponce de Leon Avenue, selling a peak of 22,000 vehicles per year. The assembly plant produced Model Ts, Model As and V-8s until 1942, when the plant was sold to the War Department and a new plant was opened in the Atlanta suburb of Hapeville.

title: Ford Motor Argentina

text:
Ford Motor Argentina is a subsidiary of Ford Motor Company and was founded in Buenos Aires in 1913.
Its first products were Model Ts assembled from complete knock down (CKD) kits provided by Ford Motor Company in 1917. Nevertheless, Ford Motor Argentina is best known in more recent times for producing the Ford Focus and, previously, the Argentine version of the Ford Falcon, originally a US model introduced in Argentina in 1961, but adapted to the Argentine market.

title: Ford of Britain

text: Until 1960 Ford Motor Company Limited remained a publicly quoted company, its shares freely listed on British exchanges, with more than 10,000 stockholders. The Ford Motor Company of Dearborn Michigan then held just 54% of its shares. That year, after eighteen months of rumour and denial, the US company offered to buy out the other shareholders. The offer was accepted and Ford completed payment for the other 46% of Ford Motor Company Limited at the end of January 1961. Ford of Britain, properly Ford Motor Company Limited, then became a wholly owned Ford subsidiary.

title: Mercury (automobile)

text: Following the rise of Henry Ford II as Ford president, on October 22, 1945, Ford Motor Company merged Mercury and Lincoln Motor Company into a combined Lincoln-Mercury division. In an effort to fully establish a brand structure within Ford Motor Company, Lincoln-Mercury functioned as a combined division while marketing both namesake model lines. In line with Mercury, Lincoln withdrew the Zephyr nameplate, marketing itself under the division name (the Continental was discontinued after 1948).

title: Ford World Rally Team

text: The Ford World Rally Team, also known as the "Ford Motor Co. Team" prior to 2005, is Ford Motor Company's full factory World Rally Championship team. In its current form, it has been a competitor since the 1997 season, when Ford Motor Company's motorsport arm selected the Malcolm Wilson Motorsport company to run its factory team, entering the Ford Escort World Rally Car. The new team took their first victory in the 1997 Acropolis Rally.

title: Ford N-series tractor

text: An immediate success, the 9N's configuration became an industry standard, which was followed by other tractor manufacturers for fifteen years. Henry Ford passed leadership of his company to grandson Henry Ford II in 1945. By 1946, the younger Ford discovered that, despite its success, the Model N lost Ford Motor Company over $25 million in six years. He reacted by forming Dearborn Motors in November 1946, which took over tractor distribution from Ferguson. Ford informed Ferguson that after July 1947 they would no longer supply tractors to his company. Ferguson sued Henry Ford II, Dearborn Motors and Ford Motor Company and others for $251 million in damages on the basis of patent infringements and conspiracy to monopolize the farm tractor business. Ford Motor Company claimed the patents had already expired by the time of Dearborn Motors' incorporation. Approximately 750,000 9Ns were built, and it was estimated in 2001 that nearly half of these were still in regular use.

title: Perrys Motor Sales

text: The business was established by Harold Perry, in 1908, selling motor accessories. Harold Perry formerly worked for the United Kingdom distributor for Ford. In 1912, Harold Perry was appointed Ford dealer for London. In 1911, Harold’s brother, Sir Percival Perry, had persuaded Henry Ford to launch the Ford Motor Company in the United Kingdom.

title: Ford Motor Company

text: Henry Ford was 39 years old when he founded the Ford Motor Company, which would go on to become one of the world's largest and most profitable companies. It has been in continuous family control for over 100 years and is one of the largest family-controlled companies in the world.

title: Ford Australia

text: The Ford Motor Company of Australia Limited, known by its trading name Ford Australia, is the Australian subsidiary of United States-based automaker Ford Motor Company. It was founded in Geelong, Victoria, in 1925 as an outpost of Ford Motor Company of Canada, Limited. At that time, Ford Canada was a separate company from Ford USA. Henry Ford having granted the manufacturing rights of Ford motor vehicles in the British Empire (later the Commonwealth), excepting the United Kingdom, to Canadian investors.

title: William S. Knudsen

text: Knudsen was working for the John R. Keim Company of Buffalo, New York, a bicycle and auto parts maker, when the Ford Motor Company bought it in 1911 for its steel-stamping experience and tooling. Knudsen worked for Ford from 1911 to 1921, a decade that saw the formative development of the modern assembly line and true mass production. Working first for the Ford Motor Company and later for General Motors from 1921, Knudsen became an expert on mass production and a skilled manager. Knudsen was president of the Chevrolet Division of General Motors from 1924 to 1937, and was president of General Motors from 1937 to 1940.

title: Ford Germany

text: At the end of 1924 the US Ford Motor Company established a sales office in Berlin which at the start of 1925 received a permit to import 1,000 tractors. In 1920 the government had imposed a tariff so high that it amounted to a prohibition against importing foreign automobiles, but this was reversed in October 1925. The move had evidently been anticipated by Ford, since on 18 August 1925 the "Ford Motor Company Aktiengesellschaft" had been entered in the Berlin Companies Register.

title: Ford Motor Company of Canada

text: The Ford Motor Company of Canada was not a subsidiary or a branch plant of Ford Motor Company – rather, it was a separate organization and had its own distinct group of shareholders. At its formation, Ford Motor Company was not a shareholder of Ford Canada, but its twelve founding shareholders directly held 51% of Ford Canada's shares, and Henry Ford himself owned 13% of the new company. The Company had gained all Ford patent rights and selling privileges to all parts of the British Empire, except Great Britain and Ireland. It eventually established and managed the following subsidiaries:The Model C, the first car to be produced in Canada, rolled out of the factory in late September 1904. The Company could produce two cars at a time and in its first full year of production, the Company was able to produce 117 automobiles. The Company's first export sales were to Calcutta, India. Ford is still an important manufacturing enterprise in Windsor.

title: Fordson

text: Henry Ford had a power struggle with Ford Motor Company's shareholders (including the Dodge Brothers, Horace and John Dodge) that culminated in 1919. He resigned from Ford Motor Company with the threat (fully realizable) to treat Henry Ford & Son Inc as his new enterprise for all of his future cars, trucks, and tractors (he would begin with all-new designs), which would turn Ford Motor Company into a mere badly led competitor, destroying its stock's value. This maneuver worked; Henry Ford bought out all the minority shareholders of Ford Motor Company in 1919, and then consolidated ownership in the Ford family: fifty-five percent in his name, forty-two percent in son Edsel's name and the remaining three percent in wife Clara's name. He merged Henry Ford & Son into the Ford Motor Company in 1920.

title: Ford Motor Company

text:
For the fiscal year 2017, Ford Motor reported earnings of US$7.602 billion, with an annual revenue of US$156.776 billion, an increase of 3.3% over the previous fiscal cycle. Ford's shares traded at $10.95 per share in 2017, and its market capitalization was valued at US$35.7 billion in September 2018.
The Ford Motor Company Fund (also known as Ford Fund, not affiliated with the Ford Foundation), based in Dearborn, Michigan, is the philanthropic arm of the Ford Motor Company. Established in 1949 by Henry Ford II, Ford Fund is a nonprofit corporate foundation financed by contributions from Ford Motor Company. In 2017, Ford Fund contributed $63 million to various causes with a focus on education, driving safely and community building.

title: Alexander Y. Malcomson

text: In 1905, to hedge his bets, Malcomson formed Aerocar to produce luxury automobiles. However, other board members at Ford became upset, because the Aerocar would compete directly with the Model K. They demanded Malcomson give up his shares in Ford. Malcomson refused. However, Henry Ford was still upset at being dictated to by Malcomson. With Couzens's help, and without Malcomson's involvement, Ford established the Ford Manufacturing Company, explicitly to make parts for Ford Motor. Ford Manufacturing charged Ford Motor inflated prices, shifting the profits to Ford Manufacturing and leaving Ford Motor profitless. Malcomson, recognizing that he had been outmaneuvered, sold his stock in Ford Motor to Henry Ford in 1906 for $175,000.

title: Ford Motor Credit Company

text: Ford Motor Credit Company LLC, d/b/a Ford Credit, is the financial services arm of Ford Motor Company, and is headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan.

title: History of Ford Motor Company

text: On February 4, 1922 Ford expanded its reach into the luxury auto market through its acquisition of the Lincoln Motor Company from Henry M. Leland who had founded and named the company in 1917 for Abraham Lincoln whom Henry Leland admired. The Mercury division was established later in 1938 to serve the mid-price auto market between the Ford and Lincoln brands.[20]

title: Ford Motor Company Philippines

text: Ford's history in the Philippines can be traced back to 1913 with the local assembly of the Ford Model T. In 1929, Henry Ford established Pilipinas Ford Car Works, Inc. (PFCW). In 1967, Ford Philippines, Inc. (FPI) was established as a subsidiary of the Ford Motor Company and began production operations on May 3, 1968, located at Sucat, Parañaque. In 1976, FPI inaugurated a body stamping plant in Mariveles, Bataan. On March 20, 1984, FPI formally and unexpectedly announced it would cease its operations in the Philippines by August 1984, in accordance with a decision reached by the management of Ford Motor Company.

title: Ford Motor Company

text: In 1967, Ford partnered with the South Korean company Hyundai, and at the new factory in Ulsan, South Korea, built the European Ford Cortina until 1974 when Hyundai introduced their all-new Hyundai Pony in 1975. Ford then developed a relationship with Korea's oldest car manufacturer Kia which built vehicles co-engineered with Mazda, later selling the Ford Festiva from 1988–1993, and the Ford Aspire from 1994–1997 for export to the United States. With the acquisition of a stake in Japanese manufacturer Mazda in 1979, Ford began selling Mazda's Familia and Capella as the Ford Laser and Telstar throughout the region, replacing the European-sourced Escort and Cortina. Ford lost their Kia interest to Hyundai in 1998 during the Asian financial crisis. Kia had declared bankruptcy in 1997; in 1998, Hyundai Motor Company acquired 51% of the company, outbidding Ford which had owned an interest in Kia Motors since 1986. After subsequent divestments, Hyundai Motor Company owns less than 50% of the company but remains Kia's largest stakeholder.

title: Ford Motor Company

text: After World War II, Ford did not have a presence in Japan, as the Ford facility was appropriated by the Japanese Government until 1958 when property was returned as a possession of the Ford Motor Company and became a research and development location for Ford partner Mazda. In 1979, Ford acquired a 24.5% ownership stake in Mazda, and in 1982, Ford and Mazda jointly established a sales channel to sell Ford products in Japan, including vehicles manufactured in North America, at a dealership called " (Japanese)". The Autorama sales channel was renamed Ford Sales of Japan in 1997.

title: Ford Germany

text: Until 27 January 1950 all Ford's European operations other than in the USSR were run from Dagenham and owned by Ford Motor Company Limited, Dearborn's 55% owned subsidiary. In Ford Motor Company Limited's published reports to their British shareholders Germany and the other Ford European interests were referred to as 'the associated companies'. These associate companies had been established in order to allow for substantial holdings by local shareholders. On the outbreak of the second world war those shares in Ford Motor Company AG not belonging to German shareholders were placed under the control of the German Commissioner for dealing with enemy property.


query: When did Handel move to England?

title: George Frideric Handel

text: George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (/ˈhændəl/;[lower-alpha 1] born Georg Friedrich Händel[lower-alpha 2] [ˈɡeːɔɐ̯k ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈhɛndl̩](listen); 23 February 1685 (O.S.) [(N.S.) 5 March] – 14 April 1759)[2][lower-alpha 3] was a German, later British, Baroque composer who spent the bulk of his career in London, becoming well-known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, and organ concertos. Handel received important training in Halle-upon-Saale and worked as a composer in Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712; he became a naturalised British subject in 1727.[5] He was strongly influenced both by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and by the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition.

title: Parnasso in festa

text: "Parnasso in festa" is Handel's only full scale "festa teatrale" or "serenata", a form popular in Italy to celebrate royal weddings and other festive state occasions, but rare in England. From the above newspaper description, it can be seen that there was one set only, the singers were in costume but probably did not move around on the stage, and the musical emphasis was on entertainment and variety rather than, as in the operas, depth of emotion and sometimes tragic feelings. The choruses referred to were probably performed, as in Handel's Italian operas, by no greater forces than the soloists singing together.

title: Letters and writings of George Frideric Handel

text: Few of the letters and writings of George Frideric Handel remain today—certainly far fewer than remain for other major composers. Handel wrote relatively few letters and kept no diary, yet those letters that do remain provide insight into the various aspects of Handel's life. One reason for the small number of surviving letters is that Handel did not hold any office that would require the collecting and saving of his records and writings.

title: Augustan drama

text: Furthermore, grand opera had a high degree of spectacle in it. In the 17th century, when opera first came to England, it prompted enormously complex theatrical stagings to present illusions of ghosts, mythological figures, and epic battles. When Handel's arrival in England spurred a new vogue for English opera, it also caused a new vogue for imported opera, no matter the content, so long as it would create an enormous visual impact. Although some of the "Tory Wits" like Pope and John Gay wrote opera librettos (the two combining for "Acis and Galatea" with Handel), opera was a spectacular form of theater that left too little room for dramatic acting for most of the playwrights. Pope argued in "The Dunciad" that Handel's operas were "masculine" in comparison to Italian and French opera. While this is a musical commentary, it is also a commentary on the amount of decoration and frippery put on the stage, on the way that Handel's operas concentrated on their stories and music rather than their theatrical effects.

title: George Frideric Handel

text: Early in his life Handel is reported to have attended the gymnasium in Halle,[21] where the headmaster, Johann Praetorius, was reputed to be an ardent musician.[22] Whether Handel remained there or for how long is unknown, but many biographers suggest that he was withdrawn from school by his father, based on the characterization of him by Handel's first biographer, John Mainwaring. Mainwaring is the source for almost all information (little as it is) of Handel's childhood, and much of that information came from J.C. Smith, Jr., Handel's confidant and copyist.[23] Whether it came from Smith or elsewhere, Mainwaring frequently relates misinformation.[lower-alpha 7] It is from Mainwaring that the portrait comes of Handel's father as implacably opposed to any musical education. Mainwaring writes that Georg Händel was "alarmed" at Handel's very early propensity for music,[lower-alpha 8] "took every measure to oppose it", including forbidding any musical instrument in the house and preventing Handel from going to any house where they might be found.[25] This did nothing to dampen young Handel's inclination; in fact, it did the reverse. Mainwaring tells the story of Handel's secret attic spinet: Handel "found means to get a little clavichord privately convey'd to a room at the top of the house. To this room he constantly stole when the family was asleep".[26] Although both John Hawkins and Charles Burney credited this tale, Schoelcher found it nearly "incredible" and a feat of "poetic imagination"[27] and Lang considers it one of the unproven "romantic stories" that surrounded Handel's childhood.[28] But Handel had to have had some experience with the keyboard to have made the impression in Weissenfels that resulted in his receiving formal musical training.[29]

title: Theodora (Handel)

text: There are two surviving quotes of Handel about "Theodora". Morell quotes Handel as saying "The Jews will not come to it because it is a Christian story; and the ladies will not come because it is a virtuous one." Handel's colleague Burney took note when two musicians asked for free tickets for "Messiah" and Handel responded "Oh your servant, meine Herren! you are damnable dainty! you would not go to "Theodora" - there was room enough to dance there, when that was perform"!

title: Messiah (Handel)

text: At the end of his manuscript Handel wrote the letters "SDG"—', "To God alone the glory". This inscription, taken with the speed of composition, has encouraged belief in the apocryphal story that Handel wrote the music in a fervour of divine inspiration in which, as he wrote the "Hallelujah" chorus, "he saw all heaven before him". Burrows points out that many of Handel's operas, of comparable length and structure to "Messiah", were composed within similar timescales between theatrical seasons. The effort of writing so much music in so short a time was not unusual for Handel and his contemporaries; Handel commenced his next oratorio, "Samson", within a week of finishing "Messiah", and completed his draft of this new work in a month. In accordance with his frequent practice when writing new works, Handel adapted existing compositions for use in "Messiah", in this case drawing on two recently completed Italian duets and one written twenty years previously. Thus, ' from 1722 became the basis of "O Death, where is thy sting?"; "His yoke is easy" and "And he shall purify" were drawn from ' (July 1741), "Unto us a child is born" and "All we like sheep" from ' (July 1741). Handel's instrumentation in the score is often imprecise, again in line with contemporary convention, where the use of certain instruments and combinations was assumed and did not need to be written down by the composer; later copyists would fill in the details.

title: The Alchemist (Handel)

text: The incidental music was published in full a few months after the first performance; however, it is unlikely that Handel received any payment for either the performance or publication of the music. It is likely that the work was the first of Handel's music to be performed in England.

title: List of operas by George Frideric Handel

text: George Frideric Handel's operas comprise 42 musical dramas that were written between 1705 and 1741 in various genres. He began composing operas in Germany and then for a brief time in Italy to modest success. It was not until he moved to England that he found great success in the genre. His first opera in England, "Rinaldo" (1711), was met with enthusiasm, and several more Italian operas soon followed. However, Handel's place as the central figure of opera in England during the eighteenth century was not solidified until, under the influence of Thomas Arne, he began composing large-scale works with English language texts. Though almost all his English language works are technically oratorios and not operas, several of them, such as "Semele" (1743), have become an important part of the opera repertoire. Handel's first opera (opera seria - serious Italian opera) was "Almira" (1705).

title: George Frideric Handel

text: Perhaps to fulfill a promise to his father or simply because he saw himself as "dedicated to the liberal arts," on 10 February 1702 Handel matriculated at the University of Halle.[56] That university had only recently been founded—in 1694 the Elector created the school, largely to provide a lecture forum for the jurist Christian Thomasius who had been expelled from Leipzig for his liberal views.[13] Handel did not enroll in the faculty of law, although Handel almost certainly attended his lectures[57] Thomasius was an intellectual, academic and religious crusader who was the first German academic to lecture in German. A firm Lutheran, he nevertheless strongly advocated the separation of church and state, famously denouncing the witch trials then prevalent. Lang believes that Thomasius instilled in Handel a "respect for the dignity and freedom of man's mind and the solemn majesty of the law," principles that would have drawn him to and kept him in England for half a century.[58] Handel also there encountered theologian and professor of Oriental languages August Hermann Francke, who was particularly solicitous of children, particularly orphans. The orphanage he founded became a model for Germany, and undoubtedly influenced Handel's own charitable impulse, when he assigned the rights of Messiah to London's Foundling Hospital.[59]

title: Messiah (Handel)

text: Handel's reputation in England, where he had lived since 1712, had been established through his compositions of Italian opera. He turned to English oratorio in the 1730s in response to changes in public taste; "Messiah" was his sixth work in this genre. Although its structure resembles that of opera, it is not in dramatic form; there are no impersonations of characters and no direct speech. Instead, Jennens's text is an extended reflection on Jesus as the Messiah called Christ. The text begins in Part I with prophecies by Isaiah and others, and moves to the annunciation to the shepherds, the only "scene" taken from the Gospels. In Part II, Handel concentrates on the Passion and ends with the "Hallelujah" chorus. In Part III he covers the resurrection of the dead and Christ's glorification in heaven.

title: Handel's Naturalisation Act 1727

text: In February 1727, a petition was presented to the House of Lords to grant Handel the status of a British subject as this was the only method available to do so. In order for the petition to be valid before it could be considered, Handel was obliged to provide evidence that he had taken the Oath of Supremacy and the Oath of Allegiance as well as entering into communion with the Church of England. The petition was accepted and brought before Parliament as a private bill and added to a bill for naturalising Louis Sekeyhaye and others. Prior to Second Reading, Handel took the oaths in the presence of the House of Lords. The certificate that he had accepted communion with the Church of England was also presented, though it was suggested that Handel accepted just to conform with the law and maintained elements of his Lutheranism while praising the Church of England for affording him protection under which he would not "suffer any molestation or inconvenience on account of his religious principles." The bill passed through parliament and was granted Royal Assent by the King with the Norman French phrase "" (Let it be done as it is desired).

title: James Taylor Move

text: James Taylor Move formed in early 1967 when an Adelaide discotheque-owner wanted a house band. The original line-up was Kevin Peek on guitar (ex-Hurricanes, John E. Broome and the Handels), Trevor Spencer on drums, Alan Tarney on organ and bass guitar (John E. Broome and the Handels), and Robert John Taylor on lead vocals. John E Broome and the Handels was an R&B group from Adelaide that relocated to the United Kingdom, Peek and Tarney had returned to Australia. Not long after forming they won the South Australian finals of the Hoadley's Battle of the Sounds and in July they traveled to Melbourne to compete in the national final.

title: Winton Dean

text: However, Handel became his main focus; and apart from the book already mentioned, he also published "Handel and the Opera Seria" (Berkeley, 1969), and a more general "Essays on Opera" (Oxford, 1990, 2/1993). His definitive two-volume work on Handel operas was published in 1987 and 2006, and set new standards in Handel scholarship and did much to help the revival of stagings of Handel's operas.

title: Ezio (Handel)

text: "Ezio" is the last of three operas Handel composed to texts by the most famous librettist of the day, Metastasio, the other two being "Siroe" and "Poro". Many of the long passages of recitative in the Metastasio original were cut in Handel's version, London audiences preferring to move more swiftly from one aria to the next. Unlike most of Handel's operas, there are no duets or other ensembles in the piece at all, only recitatives and arias. "Ezio" was performed just five times in Handel's lifetime, one contemporary noting of it that it was "a New Opera, Clothes & all ye Scenes New - but did not draw much Company" (at that time scenery and costumes were often drawn from stock, entirely new costumes and scenes were an added attraction.) Nevertheless, King George II attended every performance but one.

title: Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti

text: When 25 members of the PEN Club passed a resolution to protest the Nazi book burnings, Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti and other nationalist, racist and catholic authors did not agree and quit the Club.

title: Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti

text: Enrica Freifrau von Handel-Mazzetti was born in Vienna in 1871 and her father, Baron Heinrich Hypolith of Handel-Mazzetti, died young before her birth. She was educated well, studying history and languages. After her mother died, she went to live with a bachelor uncle, Baron Anton von Handel-Mazzetti, in Steyr in 1901. Her cousin was the botanist Heinrich von Handel-Mazzetti. She moved with her uncle to Linz when he was promoted in 1911. This was in the middle of her most productive period when her books were being serialised in magazines as well as being published and enthusiastically received.

title: The Harmonious Blacksmith

text:
The Harmonious Blacksmith is the popular name of the final movement, "Air and variations", of George Frideric Handel's Suite No. 5 in E major, HWV 430, for harpsichord. This instrumental air was one of the first works for harpsichord published by Handel and is made up of four movements. An air is followed by five doubles (variations in the English division style): semiquavers in the right hand; semiquavers in the left hand; semiquaver triplets in the right and left hands; and finally demisemiquavers in both hands.
Around the time of 1720, G. F. Handel had just left his native land of Germany to London, accepting his new position at the Royal Academy of Music. Before that, Handel had already moved to England in 1712, spending his time based at the Burlington House before becoming house composer at Cannons in Middlesex. It has been suggested that the move to Cannons was related to the fact that in 1717 there was reduced demand for his services in central London because operatic productions were experiencing a temporary downturn. At the end of Handel's stay at Cannons, the Duke and his friends helped him establish a new opera company in London, the so-called Royal Academy of Music.

title: Organ concertos, Op. 4 (Handel)

text: When Handel moved his company from the King's Theatre to the newly built theatre in Covent Garden, in autumn 1734, organs appeared explicitly for the first time in his operas. The danced prologue Terpischore HWV 8b performed there contains sumptuous scoring for alto recorders, violins, violas and pizzicato cellos with the bass and treble lines doubled by organs; Handel marked the score, ""Les orgues doucement, e la Teorbe"".

title: Bill Handel

text: From September 8, 2009 to February 12, 2010, Handel aired an additional show from noon to 2 p.m. on KFI after Dr. Laura Schlessinger moved from KFI to another Los Angeles talk station, 980 KFWB. Handel's afternoon show was syndicated to a handful of affiliates, though Premiere Radio Networks did not aggressively market the show. (It aired at the same time as the much more prominent "The Sean Hannity Show".) Handel quit the show after five months.

title: Bill Handel

text: On January 12, 2006, Handel joked that Muslim pilgrims to Mecca should hire traffic reporters to reduce the possibility of deadly incidents during the Hajj. The Council on American-Islamic Relations demanded an apology. Handel offered to apologize on the condition that CAIR would denounce terrorism, agree that Israel is a sovereign country, and claim it does not have ties with terrorists. CAIR did not take him up on his offer. Handel refused to apologize to CAIR, but did apologize to the actual victims of the Hajj stampede.

title: Bill Handel

text: Handel joined 640 KFI Los Angeles in 1989 doing a weekend legal show called "Handel On The Law." On July 16, 1993, Handel began broadcasting in morning drive, replacing the prior morning team. Prior to January 2014, "The Bill Handel Show" aired from 5 a.m. to 9 a.m., and was heavily news based. The first hour was primarily discussion of Handel's personal life, letters to the show, and banter with other staffers. The light banter in the 5 a.m. hour was cut when, in January 2014, the show moved to its current 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. time slot.

title: Notes inégales

text: Handel also seemed to use and understand "notes inégales" in many of his works. However, like often in the French literature, there are also inconsistencies which have never been fully explained where dots start and then stop for no clear reason, but as Newman has observed, mostly this happens towards the approach to cadences. But in general, in many of his suites, and even his orchestral music, the application of "notes inégales" finds a solid home in Handel. Most obvious are in some of the Ouvertures, but there are many movements where a subtle "notes inégales" works well, such as in the Sarabande of the E Minor suite (from the set of Eight Great Suites; his earliest compilation); and numerous Menuets throughout his keyboard and even some of his orchestral works. Even in his orchestral music, and vocal music, Handel can have some very "French" moments – some of the menuets in particular, keyboard as well as orchestral, can work well with a subtle "notes inégales", despite Handel's very intercontinental lineage. Whether in Germany or England, he was clearly a master at the French "notes inégales" as well as the Ouverture style. He was strongly influenced by Georg Muffat's nephew, who will be discussed below, and perhaps that is a part of Handel's reception of the French Style of playing. And occasionally one finds movements that don't seem necessarily "French", as over the years, Handel did develop a very strong "English" style that was unique to him, but nonetheless, sound very much more "revealed" when subjected to "notes inégales" aka inequality procedure.

title: Countertenor

text: "The Purcell counter-tenor 'tenor' did not flourish in England much beyond the early years of the [eighteenth] century; within twenty years of Purcell's death Handel had settled in London and "opera seria", which was underpinned entirely by Italian singing, soon became entrenched in British theatres". In parallel, by Handel's time, castrati had come to dominate the English operatic stage as much as that of Italy (and indeed most of Europe outside France). They also took part in several of Handel's oratorios, though countertenors, too, occasionally featured as soloists in the latter, the parts written for them being closer in compass to the higher ones of Purcell, with a usual range of A to E. They also sang the alto parts in Handel's choruses. It was as choral singers within the Anglican church tradition (as well as in the secular genre of the glee) that countertenors survived as performers throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Otherwise they largely faded from public notice.

title: John Valentine (composer)

text: John Valentine was born in Leicester, England, the son of John Valentine and his wife Sarah. By 1759 John Valentine owned and operated a music shop on New Bond Street in Leicester, which he later moved to other locations. He sold instruments and music and taught lessons in various instruments including keyboard and horn. Valentine performed at concerts in the area mostly as a violinist or violist, and played in the Handel Commemoration concerts in memorial for George Frederic Handel in London in 1784.

title: Margherita Durastanti

text: Handel brought Durastanti back to England for his 1733–34 season, when she sang in revivals of "Ottone" and "Il pastor fido", as well as several "pasticcios". By this time she was probably in her fifties, and had been singing professionally for over thirty years. It is testimony to her enduring abilities that an aristocratic opera-lover of the time, Lady Bristol, was moved to comment:

title: Handel at Cannons

text: Handel settled in England in 1712, but appears not to have maintained his own household in London until 1723. He attracted the patronage of noblemen such as Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, and he was based at Burlington House before becoming Cannons' resident composer from 1717 to 1718. It has been suggested that the move to Cannons was related to the fact that in 1717 there was reduced demand for his services in central London because operatic productions were experiencing a temporary downturn. At the end of Handel's stay at Cannons, the Duke and his friends helped him establish a new opera company in London, the so-called Royal Academy of Music.

title: Saul (Handel)

text: Opera seria, the form of Italian opera that Handel composed for London, focused overwhelmingly on solo arias and recitatives for the star singers and contained very little else; they did not feature separate choruses. With the English oratorios Handel had the opportunity to mix operatic arias in English for the soloists with large choruses of the type that he used in the Coronation anthems. Jennens provided a text with well-rounded characters and dramatic effects. The collaboration with Jennens was not without tension; Jennens referred in a letter to the "maggots" in Handel's head and complained that Handel wanted to end the work with a chorus of "Hallelujahs" that the librettist did not feel was appropriate as at the end of the piece Israel has been defeated in battle and the King and Crown Prince both killed, whereas the Hallelujahs would be suited to the celebrations at the opening of the work when David has killed Goliath. Jennens got his way; in the completed version "Saul" does not end with a chorus of "Hallelujahs" but there is such a chorus where Jennens had wanted one.

title: George Frideric Handel

text: Mainwaring has Handel traveling to Berlin the next year, 1698.[44] The problem with Mainwaring as an authority for this date, however, is that he tells of how Handel's father communicated with the "king"[lower-alpha 13] during Handel's stay, declining the Court's offer to send Handel to Italy on a stipend[49] and that his father died "after his return from Berlin."[50] But since Georg Händel died in 1697, either the date of the trip or Mainwaring's statements about Handel's father must be in error. Early biographers solved the problem by making the year of the trip 1696, then noting that at the age of 11 Handel would need a guardian, so they have Handel's father or a friend of the family accompany him, all the while puzzling over why the elder Handel, who wanted Handel to become a lawyer, would spend the sum to lead his son further into the temptation of music as a career.[51] Schoelcher for example has Handel traveling to Berlin at 11, meeting both Bononcini and Attilio Ariosti in Berlin and then returning at the direction of his father.[52] But Ariosti was not in Berlin before the death of Handel's father,[53] and Handel could not have met Bononcini in Berlin before 1702.[54] Modern biographers either accept the year as 1698, since most reliable older authorities agree with it,[lower-alpha 14] and discount what Mainwaring says about what took place during the trip or assume that Mainwaring conflated two or more visits to Berlin, as he did with Handel's later trips to Venice.[55]

title: Solomon (Handel)

text: Opera seria, the form of Italian opera that Handel composed for London, focused overwhelmingly on solo arias and recitatives for the star singers and contained very little else; they did not feature separate choruses. With the English oratorios Handel had the opportunity to mix operatic arias in English for the soloists with large choruses of the type that he used in the Coronation anthems. The oratorios found a wider audience among more social classes than the aristocratic audience who had sponsored and enjoyed Handel's Italian operas. "Solomon" was widely recognised by commentators of the day as a eulogy for Georgian England, with the just and wise King Solomon representing King George II and the mighty, prosperous kingdom of Israel reflecting the similarly happy state of England at the time of the work's premiere, in the view of its creators.

title: The Harmonious Blacksmith

text: There have been a number of explanations proffered as to why this movement was called "The Harmonious Blacksmith", and by whom. The name was not given by Handel and was not recorded until early in the 19th century, when the movement became popular on its own (while Handel's music remained popular in England continuously after his death, it was only very selectively known.)


query: Who was the leader of the Upper Canada Rebellion?

title: Upper Canada Rebellion

text: The Upper Canada Central Political Union was organized in 1832-3 by Dr Thomas David Morrison (mayor of Toronto in 1836) while William Lyon Mackenzie was in England. This union collected 19,930 signatures on a petition protesting Mackenzie's unjust expulsion from the House of Assembly by the Family Compact.[5] The Reformers won a majority in the elections held in 1834 for the Legislative Assembly of the 12th Parliament of Upper Canada and Mackenzie was again elected as member for York, but the Family Compact held the majority in the Legislative Council, and the two Houses of government were at loggerheads.

title: Lower Canada Rebellion

text: The Lower Canada Rebellion (), commonly referred to as the Patriots' War () by Québécois, is the name given to the armed conflict in 1837–38 between the rebels of Lower Canada (now southern Quebec) and the British colonial power of that province. Together with the simultaneous rebellion in the neighbouring colony of Upper Canada (now southern Ontario), it formed the Rebellions of 1837–38 ().

title: James Beach Moore

text:
James Beach Moore was born into a Quaker family in Norwich, Canada West. His great-grandfather, Samuel Moore had been a leader of the Quaker movement in Nova Scotia. His father, William Shotwell Moore, had moved from Rahway, New Jersey, to Upper Canada, where he married Rachel Tompkins, and together they had 16 children, James Beech Moore being the youngest. James' great-uncle, Elias Moore, though a leader in the Quaker community, and a member of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1835 to 1840, had been arrested for his part in the Upper Canada Rebellion. His great-uncles, Enoch and John, had also been arrested in the same rebellion. Another great-uncle, Lindley had been a leader in the abolitionist and temperance movements in Rochester, New York.
According to James' obituary in the "Waterford Star" newspaper,

title: Upper Canada Rebellion

text: Because it was put down relatively easily, and was not a sophisticated or sustained military campaign, the Upper Canada Rebellion is sometimes dismissed as a "farmers' revolt, but the rebellion was led by Members of Parliament and the Mayor of Toronto, had widespread support, and was part of a global revolutionary movement that used the organizational strategies of the British reform movement, which had achieved the Great Reform Bill of 1832 to broaden the electoral franchise and reduce political corruption.[4] The rebellion led to substantive reforms in the British North America Act.

title: Upper Canada

text: The Upper Canada Rebellion was an insurrection against the oligarchic government of the Family Compact by W.L. Mackenzie in December 1837. Long term grievances included antagonism between Later Loyalists and British Loyalists, political corruption, the collapse of the international financial system and the resultant economic distress, and a growing republican sentiment. While public grievances had existed for years, it was the Rebellion in Lower Canada (present day Quebec) that emboldened rebels in Upper Canada to openly revolt soon after. The Upper Canada Rebellion was largely defeated shortly after it began, although resistance lingered until 1838 (and became more violent) – mainly through the support of the Hunters' Lodges, a secret anti-British, American militia that emerged in states around the Great Lakes. They launched the Patriot War in 1838–39.

title: Caleb Hopkins (Upper Canada)

text: In 1828, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for Halton as a Reformer, and was considered radical enough to be endorsed by the "Colonial Advocate". He did not run in 1830 but was reelected in 1834. Despite his radical views, he was not implicated in the 1837 Rebellion, thus enabling him to become one of the major Reform leaders.

title: Thanksgiving (Canada)

text: Lower Canada and Upper Canada observed Thanksgiving on different dates; for example, in 1816 both celebrated Thanksgiving for the termination of the War of 1812 between France, the U.S. and Great Britain, with Lower Canada marking the day on May 21 and Upper Canada on June 18 (Waterloo Day). In 1838, Lower Canada used Thanksgiving to celebrate the end of the Lower Canada Rebellion. Following the rebellions, the two Canadas were merged into a united Province of Canada, which observed Thanksgiving six times from 1850 to 1865. During this period, Thanksgiving was a solemn, mid-week celebration.

title: Lower Canada Rebellion

text: When news of the arrest of the Patriote leaders reached Upper Canada, William Lyon Mackenzie launched an armed rebellion in December 1837. In the meantime, filibusters from the United States, the Hunter Patriots, formed a small militia and attacked Windsor, Upper Canada, to support the Canadian Patriots. This resulted in the declaration of martial law by the Lower Canadian government.

title: Ontario

text:
Meanwhile, Ontario's numerous waterways aided travel and transportation into the interior and supplied water power for development. As the population increased, so did the industries and transportation networks, which in turn led to further development. By the end of the century, Ontario vied with Quebec as the nation's leader in terms of growth in population, industry, arts and communications.
Unrest in the colony began to chafe against the aristocratic Family Compact who governed while benefiting economically from the region's resources, and who did not allow elected bodies power. This resentment spurred republican ideals and sowed the seeds for early Canadian nationalism. Accordingly, rebellion in favour of responsible government rose in both regions; Louis-Joseph Papineau led the Lower Canada Rebellion and William Lyon Mackenzie, first Toronto mayor, led the Upper Canada Rebellion. In Upper Canada, the rebellion was quickly a failure. William Lyon Mackenzie escaped to the United States, where he declared the Provisional Republic of Canada on Navy Island on the Niagara River.

title: Lower Canada Rebellion

text: The following year, leaders who had escaped across the border into the United States raided Lower Canada in February 1838. Two major armed conflicts occurred when groups of Lower Canadian Patriotes, led by Robert Nelson, crossed the Canada–US border in an attempt to invade Lower Canada and Upper Canada, drive out the British army and establish two independent republics. A second revolt began with the Battle of Beauharnois in November 1838. It was also crushed by forces of the colonial government.

title: John Charles Dent

text: Dent's second book was "The Last Forty Years: Canada since the Union of 1841", which received praise. His third work was a "History of the Rebellion in Upper Canada" (1885–6). Through careful research, Dent was able to throw new light on the characters of the men who took part in the Upper Canada Rebellion. This work met with severe criticism when first published, as it contradicted commonly held beliefs at the time.

title: Jacob Rymal

text: His parents were William Rymal and Barbara Long, who arrived in 1788 in Barton Township from Northampton County, Pennsylvania. He was born in Barton Township - the first non-native to be born in the area. He lived in Barton Township and was a sergeant in the York Militia during the War of 1812. He represented Wentworth in the 12th Parliament of Upper Canada. He helped William Lyon Mackenzie escape after the Upper Canada Rebellion and was charged with treason, but later pardoned along with other participants in the Upper Canada Rebellion. He died in Barton Township in Canada West in 1856.

title: Upper Canada

text: The Family Compact is the epithet applied to an oligarchic group of men who exercised most of the political and judicial power in Upper Canada from the 1810s to the 1840s. It was noted for its conservatism and opposition to democracy. The uniting factors amongst the Compact were its loyalist tradition, hierarchical class structure and adherence to the established Anglican Church. Leaders such as John Beverley Robinson and John Strachan proclaimed it an ideal government, especially as contrasted with the rowdy democracy in the nearby United States. The Family Compact emerged from the War of 1812 and collapsed in the aftermath of the Rebellions of 1837.

title: Australia–Canada relations

text: The earliest connections between the two nations was the deportation of Canadian rebels who instigated an uprising in Upper and Lower Canada to Australia. A total of 154 convicted rebels from Upper Canada were sent to Australian shores. Those involved in the Upper Canada rebellions were sent to Van Diemen's Land (modern day Tasmania). There are two monuments in Hobart, Tasmania's capital city, commemorating the Canadian convict presence in Tasmania, one at Sandy Bay and the other in Prince's Park, Battery Point.

title: Charles Duncombe (Upper Canada Rebellion)

text: Charles Duncombe (28 July 1792 – 1 October 1867) was a leader in the Upper Canada Rebellion in 1837 and subsequent Patriot War. He was an active Reform politician in the 1830s, and produced several important legislative reports on banking, lunatic asylums, and education.

title: Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine

text: While Baldwin was reforming Canada West (Upper Canada), Lafontaine passed bills to abolish the "tenure seigneuriale" (seigneurial system) and grant amnesty to the leaders of the rebellions in Lower Canada who had been exiled. The bill passed, but it was not accepted by the loyalists of Canada East who protested violently and burned down the Parliament in Montreal.

title: Jesse Lloyd

text: Jesse Lloyd (11 January 1786 – 27 September 1838) was the founder of Lloydtown, Ontario and a leader in the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837. Born in Springfield Township, Pennsylvania, he was the third son of Quakers William Lloyd and Susannah Heacock. The Lloyds, who were United Empire Loyalists, possibly came to Canada at Niagara in 1788 but soon returned to the United States. They likely immigrated permanently to Upper Canada in 1808. Upon arrival, they crossed the Niagara gorge and migrated north to settle in the 10th concession of King Township.

title: Upper Canada Rebellion

text: Part of a series on theHistory of Ontario Timeline First NationsPays d'en Haut1500s–1763Province of Quebec1763–1791Upper Canada1791–1841Canada West1841–1867Ontario1867–present Upper Canada Topics Legislative Assembly The Family Compact The Reform Movement Upper Canada Rebellion Agriculture Work and labour organization Corporations Imprisonment for debt Book & newspaper publishers Orange Order Province of Canada Topics Legislative Assembly Responsible Government Underground Railroad Burning of the Parliament Buildings Confederation Province of Ontario topics Ontarioportalvt

title: Upper Canada Rebellion

text: Compared to the Lower Canada Rebellion, the initial portion of the Upper Canada Rebellion was short and disorganized. However, the British government in London was very concerned about the rebellion, especially in light of the strong popular support for the rebels in the United States and the more serious crisis in Lower Canada. Bond Head was recalled in late 1837 and replaced with Sir George Arthur who arrived in Toronto in March 1838. Parliament also sent Lord Durham to become Governor-in-Chief of the British North American colonies,[39] so that Arthur reported to Durham. Durham was assigned to report on the grievances among the British North American colonists and find a way to appease them. His report eventually led to greater autonomy in the Canadian colonies, and the union of Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada in 1840. The populations of Upper and Lower Canada are listed on the Province of Canada wiki, and that of Canada West was not to exceed that of Canada East until 1850.

title: Lower Canada Rebellion

text: As a result of the rebellions, the Province of Canada was created from the former provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada.

title: Upper Canada Rebellion

text: The Upper Canada Rebellion was an insurrection against the oligarchic government of the British colony of Upper Canada (present-day Ontario) in December 1837. While public grievances had existed for years, it was the rebellion in Lower Canada (present-day Quebec) that emboldened rebels in Upper Canada to openly revolt soon after.

title: Parliament of Upper Canada

text: Following the Rebellions of 1837 and Lord Durham's 1839 Report to the British Government, Upper Canada and Lower Canada were rejoined in 1841 to create the Province of Canada. The Parliament of Upper Canada was therewith replaced by the newly created Parliament of the United Province of Canada.

title: Upper Canada Rebellion

text: , Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, Biographi.ca "Rebellion in Upper Canada, 1837" by J. Edgar Rea Mhs.mb.ca Brown, Richard. Rebellion in Canada, 1837-1885: Autocracy, Rebellion and Liberty (Volume 1) (2012) ; Rebellion in Canada, 1837-1885, Volume 2: The Irish, the Fenians and the Metis (2012) Ducharme, Michel. Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 116(2): 413–430; (2006) Dunning, Tom. "The Canadian Rebellions of 1837 and 1838 as a Borderland War: A Retrospective," Ontario History (2009) 101#2 pp 129–141. Mann, Michael. A Particular Duty: The Canadian Rebellions, 1837-1839 (1986) Read, Colin. The rebellion of 1837 in Upper Canada (The Canadian Historical Association historical booklet) (1988), short pamphlet Tiffany, Orrin Edward. The Relations of the United States to the Canadian Rebellion of 1837-1838 (2010) ". C. Blackett Robinson, Toronto Charles Lindsey, The Life and Times of William Lyon Mackenzie and the Rebellion of 1837–38. 1862; cited by Betsy Dewar Boyce, The Rebels of Hastings, 1992.

title: Lower Canada Rebellion

text: Activists in Lower Canada began to work for reform in a period of economic disfranchisement of the French-speaking majority and working-class English-speaking citizens. The rebellion protested the injustice of colonial governing as such, in which the governor and upper house of the legislature were appointed by the Crown. Many of its leaders and participants were English-speaking citizens of Lower Canada. The French speakers felt that Anglophones were disproportionately represented in the lucrative fields of banking, the timber trade, and transportation industry.

title: Upper Canada Rebellion

text: There is no single cause for the Rebellion, only a context.[9] The issues, from the perspective of the reformers, were to an extent summarised in The seventh report from the Select Committee of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada on grievances...,[10] and can be related as follows:

title: John Simpson (Quebec politician)

text: He was born in England in 1788 and came to Augusta Township in Upper Canada in 1815. In 1819, he became a private secretary for Lord Dalhousie. He was appointed customs inspector at Coteau-du-Lac in 1822. In 1824, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada in York County. Simpson organized volunteers from the area to help prevent the fort at Coteau-du-Lac from falling into the hands of the Patriotes during the Lower Canada Rebellion. Simpson recommended amnesty for all political prisoners involved in the rebellion except the leaders, who were exiled. In 1841, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Vaudreuil. Simpson later served on the Rebellion Losses Commission. He retired to Brockville where his son was customs collector and later died in Kingston in 1873.

title: Reform movement (pre-Confederation Canada)

text: In Upper Canada (Ontario), the Reform movement was formed in opposition to the Family Compact. It was led initially by William Lyon Mackenzie, who became the principal figure in the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837. Mackenzie went into exile as a result of the failed rebellion. The uprising led to the 1839 Durham Report, which recommended responsible government and the union of Upper and Lower Canada as a means of assimilating Francophones. Only the union of the Canadas was to be immediately implemented.

title: Nationalisms in Canada

text: The influx of British settlers into Canada helped to prompt the development of French-Canadian nationalism which was quite evident during the 1837 rebellion against British rule in Lower Canada. At the same time a few English-speakers in Upper Canada were switching from a British to a Canadian form of identity, as evidenced in the contemporaneous Upper Canada Rebellion, although this was a minority position.

title: Military history of Canada

text: One of the most important actions by the British forces and Canadian Militia during this period was the putting down of the Rebellions of 1837, two separate rebellions from 1837 to 1838 in Lower Canada, and Upper Canada. As a result of the rebellion, the Canadas was merged into a single colony, the Province of Canada.

title: Lower Canada Rebellion

text: The rebellion was preceded by nearly three decades of efforts at political reform in Lower Canada, led from the early 1800s by James Stuart and Louis-Joseph Papineau, who formed the Parti Patriote and sought accountability from the elected general assembly and appointed governor of the colony. The appointed legislative council (a type of upper house) was dominated by a small group of businessmen known as the Château Clique, the equivalent of the Family Compact in Upper Canada.

title: Colonial Advocate

text: The Colonial Advocate was a weekly political journal published in Upper Canada during the 1820s and 1830s. First published by William Lyon Mackenzie on May 18, 1824, the journal frequently attacked the Upper Canada aristocracy known as the "Family Compact", which governed the province. Over its twelve years in publication, Mackenzie explicitly advocated constitutional change to resemble a more American government with the principles of responsible government, and working for the greater good of the people. The "Colonial Advocate" was used as a voice for constitutional reform, educating and inspiring citizens to take action against their government, making Mackenzie and his paper an important leader in the formation of the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837.