query: What was the first album released by Tom Jenkinson?

title: Squarepusher

text: Using the same equipment from the sessions that produced the majority of Feed Me Weird Things Tom now set about working on the material for his first album for Warp. His broad conception for this record was "to push away from the jazz influence that was being felt at the time to a more soundtrack-type of sound". According to Tom he was listening to, amongst other things, early Lalo Schifrin and the "Deathwish" soundtrack by Herbie Hancock around this time. That said, the album also contains some abrupt diversions into quite different musical territory, evidenced in what Tom calls the "Industrial Psychedelia" of "Chin Hippy" and "Rustic Raver".

title: Ultravisitor

text: All tracks by Tom Jenkinson, all instruments played by Tom Jenkinson.

title: Richard D. James Album

text: The drum programming on the album was inspired by James' friend Luke Vibert. James described that he used to have it a "much slower pace" but that Vibert "got me into doing it a faster pace. He gave me the spark to do it faster, but now I'm trying to take it to all extremes". James also noted the influence of his friend Tom Jenkinson. He had said Jenkinson and Vibert were the "only two people around who are [musically] consistent enough for me".

title: Tom Jenkinson (footballer)

text: Born in Edinburgh, Jenkinson played club football for Hearts and Liverpool, and scored on his sole appearance for Scotland in 1887. He later emigrated to Australia.

title: Squarepusher

text: On 13 February 2014, a new EP entitled Music for Robots was announced, a collaborative project composed by Tom Jenkinson and performed by the three robots that comprise the Z-Machines.[1] Tom first started working with the team of Japanese roboticists behind the Z-Machines in 2013, who had commissioned him to write music for robots that were capable of playing beyond the capabilities of the most advanced musicians.[2] Following the success of the first piece of music, entitled "Sad Robot Goes Funny", Tom went on to compose four more pieces for the robots which comprise the upcoming EP Music for Robots, released on 7 April (8 April in North America) 2014.[3]

text: "I Never Knew (What That Song Meant Before)" contained eleven tracks (as did her past three albums for the Columbia label), including cover versions of Harlan Howard's "The Key's in the Mailbox" and Tom T. Hall's "Never Having You." The album was recorded at the Columbia Recording Studio in Nashville, Tennessee in 1974 and was her second and final album that was released that year. The album was issued on a 12-inch LP album, with six songs on the first side of the record and five songs on the other side of the record. The album has not been reissued since its original release on vinyl under Columbia in 1974.

title: Global Goon

text: Global Goon is a former British programmer from Lydiate, England who earned a recording contract with Rephlex Records before moving to London and being Richard D. James' (aka Aphex Twin)'s housemate. He had been making electronic music using SoundEdit 16 while supporting himself with various programming jobs. After moving into a shared house with James, Tom Jenkinson, Chris Jeffs and Grant Wilson-Claridge, he released his first album "Goon" on Rephlex in 1996. Rumors that Goon actually was an alias for Aphex Twin persisted even after the release of "Cradle of History" two years later. After releasing Vatican Nitez four years later, he left the Rephlex label and started his own label J-HOK records, which he released three albums on. He also released one album on Audio Dregs, and two albums and one EP on WéMè.

title: It's What I Do

text: It's What I Do is the title of the fifth studio album released by American country music artist Billy Dean. It was his first album since "Men'll Be Boys" two years previous. This was also his first release for Capitol Records Nashville, as the Nashville division of Liberty Records had been merged into Capitol. The album produced three singles: the title track at #5, followed by "That Girl's Been Spyin' on Me" at #4 and "I Wouldn't Be a Man" at #45. (The latter was originally a Top Ten country hit for Don Williams, in 1987.) The album also reunited him with Tom Shapiro, who had co-produced his first two albums.Synthesizer strings performed by Carl Marsh, arranged by Carl Marsh and Tom Shapiro.

title: Squarepusher

text: Jenkinson was offered a five album record contract with Warp Records in December 1995, which was duly signed, and this led him to defer his studies at Chelsea Art College. Early in 1996 Richard D. James completed the compilation process for Feed Me Weird Things which was made from over 50 tracks that Tom had given him on DAT, which were recorded from late 1994 to 1995. Around the same time Richard and Tom recorded two tracks together, one of which was subsequently edited by Tom and released as "Freeman Hardy & Willis Acid" on the We Are Reasonable People compilation album in 1998. Tom's contribution to the other track was reinterpreted and released as "Happy Little Wilberforce" on the Alt. Frequencies compilation released on Worm Interface in 1996. 1996 saw Jenkinson starting to be offered gigs both in the UK and in continental Europe.

title: Tom Jenkinson (footballer)

text: Thomas James Jenkinson (born 21 April 1865) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a right winger.

title: Ceephax Acid Crew

text: Ceephax Acid Crew (real name Andy Jenkinson) is a British acid techno and drum and bass electronic musician. Jenkinson is also known simply by the pseudonym Ceephax, which is a reference to the BBC teletext service Ceefax. He is the brother of Squarepusher (Tom Jenkinson).

title: Nothing Records

text: Jenkinson's first recordings came out under his own name, with the "Stereotype E.P." on the Nothings Clear label in 1994, which was financed by Jenkinson himself, alongside his friend Hardy Finn, the latter of whom would go on to found the Spymania label. The EP did not receive the level of attention Jenkinson had hoped for, but it did catch the ear of Grant Wilson-Claridge of Rephlex Records, who contacted Tom to express his compliments.

title: Buzz Caner

text: Buzz Caner is an album by Chaos A.D., an alias of Squarepusher (Tom Jenkinson). Instead of Squarepusher's unusual drum and bass sound, this album uses a more techno-based acid house sound.

title: Himuro Yoshiteru

text: Himuro's first album Nichiyobi was released in 1998 by the English record label Worm Interface, alongside artists like Tom Jenkinson (Squarepusher) and Freeform. His releases are mostly within the electronic music genres of drum and bass, Electronica, Hip hop and Braindance, with a significant jazz influence .

title: Tom Thacker (musician)

text: Under the name Tommy, Tom Thacker played drums in the Canadian pop punk The McRackins for their 1995 album "What Came First?". He returned again to play on their 1999 release "Comicbooks and Bubblegum".

title: Ultravisitor

text: "Ultravisitor" is the only album to show a clear portrait of Tom Jenkinson's face on its cover art.

title: Just a Souvenir

text: The album originated in a daydream, in which Tom Jenkinson envisioned a rock band performing a concert against the backdrop of a large, glowing coathanger. The performance quickly became surreal: among other things, a river forces the band to kayak whilst performing; the guitarist is able to accelerate or decelerate time at will; and every drum in the drummer's kit begins to switch places with each another. As such, the majority of the album consists of Jenkinson's own version of jazz fusion, threaded through with classical guitar, math rock and funk recordings.

title: Close to the Bone (Tom Tom Club album)

text: Close to the Bone is an album by the Tom Tom Club that was released in 1983. The Tom Tom Club's musicians were: Wally Badarou, Tyrone Downie, Chris Frantz, Roddy Frantz, Rupert Hine, Raymond Jones, Steve Scales, Steven Stanley, Alex Weir; and sisters Lani, Laura and Tina Weymouth. The album was released on compact disc for the first time on May 19, 2009, as a part of a two-CD deluxe package with the band's first album, "Tom Tom Club", as part of Universal Music's deluxe editions series.

title: Hard Normal Daddy

text: Tom Jenkinson was offered to sign to Ninja Tune, Rephlex Records, R&S Records and Warp Records. Jenkinson eventually chose Warp as he was more interested in the label's music.

title: Hard Normal Daddy

text:
Hard Normal Daddy is a 1997 studio album by British electronic musician Tom Jenkinson under his alias of Squarepusher.
The album was Jenkinson's first studio album as Squarepusher for Warp Records. A single for the track "Vic Acid" was released in 1997 prior to the album's release.

title: Squarepusher

text: At this time, Tom was becoming obsessed with bringing a "dark psychedelia" to Drum and Bass (which would eventually reach its zenith with Go Plastic from 2001). During this period Tom also made a remix for Ninja Tune's DJ Food, which featured on the e.p. "Refried Food". The remix led Ninja Tune to offer Jenkinson a record contract, which along with an offer from Belgium's R&S records he declined in favour of a contract offered by Warp Records, which was partially instigated by Richard D. James. Correspondence between Richard D. James and Tom Jenkinson sprung up after meeting at The George Robey. The resulting meeting led to Tom's first hearing of the Hangable Auto Bulb e.p. which Richard had brought with him. But the meeting also facilitated Richard's initial selection of Tom's tracks that went on to form the Feed Me Weird Things album released on Rephlex Records in 1996.

title: Squarepusher

text: Tom claims that the overall aesthetic was to start making the most of space in the music. Tom states that he has never been the best user of space: "I've always been fond of just piling in detail, hopefully using some discretion, but overall it has never been a strong point of mine, knowing what to leave out." So for Jenkinson this album partly became an exercise in restraint. Tom did all of the vocals on the album, which is another thing which marks it out as a departure from his previous work. Revealingly Tom claims that he made this album for his girlfriend: "I really wanted to make some music for her".

title: Better (Tom Baxter song)

text: "Better" is a 2007 single by British singer-songwriter, Tom Baxter, co-written with Sam Semple. It was released on 3 December 2007, reaching a peak of #10 in the Irish singles chart and #67 in the UK singles chart."Better" is a song originally recorded and released as part of the album "Skybound", released by independent British singer-songwriter Tom Baxter in January 2008. Baxter's version was also used on the soundtrack for the motion picture "Run Fatboy Run". The first version of the song to chart was a cover by Boyzone, released in December 2008 as the second and final single from their second greatest hits compilation, "Back Again... No Matter What".

title: Conumber E:P

text: Conumber E:P is the first release by Tom Jenkinson under the alias Squarepusher. The album was pressed as a 12" vinyl, the first release on the Spymania label.

title: Tom Tom Club

text: The following year, the group released a follow-up, "Close to the Bone", which was similar in style to their first album but didn't fare as well, though "The Man with the Four Way Hips" was a minor hit on urban radio in the United States. The album was released on cassette and vinyl and was not released on CD until May 2009, as part of a Deluxe Edition package of Tom Tom Club's first album. The original British vinyl album was released in six different colors. One of the album's singles, "Pleasure of Love," was sampled in "Turning You On," by the Treacherous Three. As it happened with "It's Nasty," the sample was re-recorded by a live band rather than just taken from the original recording.

title: Ultravisitor

text: The album was released in three formats. The first is a standard CD release, presented in a standard jewel case with Tom Jenkinson featured on the cover. Second, there is a limited edition of the CD, presented in a book-style case, with bonus artwork and notes by Jenkinson. Third, a double LP vinyl version of this album was released. Orders from the Warp's online store Warpmart included a 3" mini CD, entitled "Square Window", with outtakes and B-sides from the album.

title: Nothing Records

text: Jenkinson went on to record a few more releases under his own name, including the "Crot E.P." and "Bubble And Squeak E.P.", as well as a split with Dunderhead, called "Dragon Disc 2". In 1995, Tom began releasing music under the name Squarepusher, first appearing with the "", then following with "Alroy Road Tracks" under the name Duke Of Harringay, both on Finn's Spymania label. By 1996, Squarepusher had line up material for release at Rephlex Records, which was operated by Grant Wilson-Claridge and Richard D. James, a.k.a. Aphex Twin. Squarepusher released the "Squarepusher Plays..." 12" for Rephlex, followed by his debut album, "Feed Me Weird Things" (Jenkinson later released an album and E.P. under the name Chaos A.D. for Rephlex in 1998).

title: Luck (Tom Vek album)

text: Sofie Jenkinson from The Line of Best Fit called the album, "the vehicle for one of the most unusual and malleable voices in Britain today." and gave the album a score of 85/100

title: Tom Hamilton Jr.

text: In 2006 Hamilton started playing sporadic acoustic concerts around the Philadelphia area billed as "Tom Hamilton's American Babies", mainly as a way to stay occupied between Brothers Past tours. As the internal relationships in Brothers Past disintegrated and his musical tastes changed Hamilton focused more on acoustic oriented music and decided to make a new band geared towards his new muse. American Babies was formed in 2007 and soon after they released a self-titled album. This was followed by their sophomore release "Flawed Logic" in 2011 and third album "Knives and Teeth" on October 15, 2013. In 2016, American Babies released their forth album, "An Epic Battle Between Light & Dark." Tom described the record as a discussion of both what it is like to experience depression and what it takes to maintain hope while in the midst of it.

title: What's New Pussycat? (Tom Jones album)

text: What's New Pussycat? is the second album released by Tom Jones, created to capitalize on the success of his current hit single, the theme song from "What's New Pussycat?"

title: Squarepusher

text: The sleeve artwork, the first to contain a portrait of Jenkinson. Tom toured with the London Sinfonietta, performing the piece "Tundra 4" live. After the Sinfonietta tour, Tom toured America and Japan.


query: How many Germans are in the world?

title: Germans

text: Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world,[27] roughly 80million consider themselves Germans. There are an additional 80million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 4] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied[1] (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).

title: Solymár

text: During World War II, Adolf Hitler appealed to ethnic Germans in other countries, no matter how long they had resided there. In some areas, ethnic Germans supported his program, but in many cases had loyalty to where they were living. Because part of the Nazi rationale for war was to unite all ethnic Germans and oppress and exterminate other populations, many eastern European countries, such as Hungary, Poland and the Soviet Union, expelled ethnic Germans after the war. About half the population of Solymár was deported to Germany in 1946 as a collective punishment as part of that massive displacement. More than 330 households in Solymár were vacated.

title: German for Kids

text:
9-year-old Elias and his father are going for a walk in Berlin. Suddenly, Elias loses sight of his father. This is the start of an adventurous journey through the capital. But Elias has a problem: He doesn’t speak German!
Fortunately, many people help him with his search and teach him basic lessons of the German language. Elias learns how to introduce himself, how to express feelings, names of food, the alphabet, the numbers from 1 to 10, and many other things...

title: Black Sea Germans

text: After Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Soviet leadership decided to evacuate all ethnic Germans from the western regions of the Soviet Union. The Supreme Soviet decreed the first evacuations, which were really expulsions, as the inhabitants were never allowed to return. Action to deport every ethnic German from the Crimea began on 15 August 1941. Although the decree stated that old people would not have to leave, everyone was expelled, first to Stavropol, and then to Rostov in southeastern Ukraine, near the Crimea, but then all were sent on to camps and special settlements in Kazakhstan. Given only three or four hours to pack, the deportees were not told where they were going, how long they would stay there, or how much food to take. The result was starvation for many and, due to the confusion, the separation of many families. In all, perhaps as many as 60,000 ethnic Germans were expelled from the Crimean peninsula alone at this time. Other parts of Southern Russian were also affected.

text: Non-Germans in the German armed forces during World War II were volunteers, conscripts and those otherwise induced to join who served in Nazi Germany's armed forces during World War II. In German war-time propaganda those who volunteered for service were referred to as "Freiwillige" ("volunteers"). At the same time, many non-Germans in the German armed forces were conscripts or recruited from prisoner-of-war camps.

title: Luftwaffe

text: The development of aircraft was now confined to the production of twin-engined medium bombers that required much less material, manpower and aviation production capacity than Wever's "Ural Bomber". German industry could build two medium bombers for one heavy bomber and the RLM would not gamble on developing a heavy bomber which would also take time. Göring remarked, "the "Führer" will not ask how big the bombers there are, but only how many there are." The premature death of Wever, one of the "Luftwaffe"s finest officers, left the "Luftwaffe" without a strategic air force during World War II, which eventually proved fatal to the German war effort.

title: The Course of German History

text: The book was published two months after the Second World War with Germany had ended. In the introduction Taylor said the book was a "pièce d'occasion", claiming that it was serious history but that but for the war it would not have been written. He argued that: "The history of the Germans is a history of extremes. It contains everything except moderation, and in the course of a thousand years the Germans have experienced everything except normality." The "German problem" in Taylor's eyes has two sides: how can Europe be protected against repeated German aggression and how can the Germans secure a peaceful form of political existence?

title: Stereotypes of Germans

text: Due to collective guilt attributed to Germany and the German people for perpetrating the Holocaust and starting World War II, Germans are often stereotyped as Nazis. This stereotype, while now rare, persists to this day. After the war, the German people were often viewed with contempt because they were blamed by other Europeans for Nazi crimes. Germans visiting abroad, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s, attracted insults from locals, and from foreigners who may have lost their families or friends in the atrocities. Today in Europe and worldwide (particularly in countries that fought against the Axis), Germans may be scorned by elderly people who were alive to experience the atrocities committed by Nazi Germans or by veterans who had fought against the Nazis during World War II. This resulted in a feeling of controversy for many Germans, causing numerous discussions and rows among scholars and politicians in Post-War West Germany (for example, the "Historikerstreit" [historians' argument] in the 1980s) and after Reunification. Here, the discussion was mainly about the role that the unified Germany should play in the world and in Europe. Bernard Schlink's novel "The Reader" concerns how post-war Germans dealt with the issue.

title: RMS Arlanza (1912)

text: After the UK entered the First World War, "Arlanza" remained in civilian service until early in 1915. On 16 August 1914 she was of the coast of Brazil with more than 1,000 people aboard when the German auxiliary cruiser intercepted her with the order ""Stop or I will open fire"". Next the German ship ordered her to dismantle her radio aerials and throw them overboard. "Arlanza" was then asked how many women and children she had aboard. When she replied "335 women, 97 children", the German ship ordered her to proceed.

title: Welche Farbe hat der Sonnenschein?

text: In the song is made a question: "What colour is the sunshine?". The group ask us "How to paint it?" They say that there are many colours, the way we see the world depends on our feelings.It was the last song of the german composer Günther Loose .

title: Legends about Theoderic the Great

text: The Scandinavian "Þiðreks saga" (also "Þiðrekssaga", "Thidreksaga", "Thidrekssaga", "Niflunga saga" or "Vilkina saga") is a thirteenth-century Old Norse chivalric saga about Dietrich von Bern. The earliest manuscript dates from the late 13th century. It contains many narratives found in the known poems about Dietrich, but also supplements them with other narratives and provides many additional details. The text is either a translation of a lost Low German prose narrative of Dietrich's life, or a compilation by a Norwegian author of German material. It is not clear how much of the source material might have been orally transmitted and how much the author may have had access to written poems. The preface of the text itself says that it was written according to "tales of German men" and "old German poetry", possibly transmitted by Hanseatic merchants in Bergen.

title: Dick Howe

text: Captain Richard Herbert "Dick" Howe (21 June 1912 - c. 1 June 1981) was a British army officer during World War II. He was captured by the Germans in 1940 and eventually held in Oflag IV-C, at Colditz Castle, where he served as Escape Officer from 1942 to 1945. He organised many escapes including eight successful "home runs" of British officers.

title: Frogger Advance: The Great Quest

text: The game is divided into several different worlds, all of which consist of three regular stages and one special stage featuring a boss character, or a special task, which has to be completed within a time limit. Upon completion of each of these worlds, the player's performance is graded in a range from A+ to F- according to how many coins were collected, how many hidden gems were found and how many lives were lost. If the player manages to complete the entire game with A+ grades in all worlds, a special, more conclusive ending slideshow is played.

title: Datenschlag

text:
While the website has collections of many related texts and explanations of how-to's, it focuses on three main areas:
"Der Papiertiger" (German for Paper Tiger)
"Der Dachs" (German for badger)
"Der Bisam" (German for musquash)

title: German Bolivians

text: German immigrants began to arrive in Bolivia in the 18th century, and many more arrived in the 19th century. During World War II, Bolivia ceased diplomatic relations with Germany and expelled many Germans. Many German Jews immigrated to Bolivia during the war. Inti SA, Bolivia's largest pharmaceutical company, was founded by German immigrant Ernesto W. N. Schilling Huhn.

title: Beitragsservice von ARD, ZDF und Deutschlandradio

text: Although all informative and sometimes threatening mail is written in German, there are many support groups around the country and lots of content in English . Those may help people that don't understand German (and therefore don't consume media contents in German) on how to deal with the situation. One example is how to set up a Pfändungsschutzkonto  to avoid the complete seizure of money from a bank account.

title: How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck (film)

text: How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck (German: Beobachtungen zu einer neuen Sprache, literally "Observations of a New Language") is a 1976 documentary film by German director Werner Herzog, produced by Werner Herzog Filmproduktion. It is a 44-minute film documenting the World Livestock Auctioneer Championship held in New Holland, Pennsylvania. The film also contains a section about the Amish and shows Amish speaking Pennsylvania German.

title: Slovenj Gradec

text: Until 1918, the town was a German-speaking island in a Slovene-speaking area. In the 1880 census, the town of Slovenj Gradec was 75 percent German-speaking and 25 percent Slovene-speaking. Many inhabitants, like the family of the composer Hugo Wolf, were of mixed ethnic origin. After the end of World War I, many of the local German-speaking inhabitants emigrated to Austria. Those who remained were gradually assimilated into the now Slovene-speaking majority. During World War Two, the town was occupied by the Nazis and annexed to the Third Reich. The local Slovenes were submitted to a policy of violent Germanization and many died of various persecutions. The partisan insurgency developed in the area, especially in the hills to the east of the town. After World War II, the remaining ethnic Germans were expelled from Yugoslavia, and Slovenj Gradec lost its traditional presence of German speakers.

title: Najma Sadeque

text: Sadeque, based on her extensive research, authored many books and articles, such as "How They Run Pakistan", "How They Run the World", "How They Kill the World", "Financial Terrorism", and "Ground Realities". Her articles also included in many international publications and books. At the time of her death, she was editing the English translation of her mother Dr. Syeda Fatima Sadeque's work on Quran.

title: Schulz & Schulz

text: Schulz & Schulz is a TV series consisting of five feature-length films starring Götz George in a dual role as twin brothers Wolfgang and Walter Schulz who were separated during World War II and then raised in different parts of Germany. The first film was broadcast while the German Democratic Republic still existed. In the aftermath following the fall of the Berlin wall many new topics arose. The instalments showed how difficult it was for a great many citizens of the German Democratic Republic to get accustomed to the new way of life and how German people tried to overcome all of that together.

text: "How I Lost the Second World War and Helped Turn Back the German Invasion" is an alternate history short story by American writer Gene Wolfe. It was first published in "Analog Science Fiction and Fact" in May 1973, and has since been republished in "The Best of Analog" (1978), in "Gene Wolfe's Book of Days" (where it represented Memorial Day) (1981), in "Castle of Days" (1992), in "" (1998), and in "Knights of Madness" (1998).

title: Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II

text: Some Germans were exempted from expulsion and retained because of their professional skills, if no Pole was at hand to replace them. These Germans were treated as second class citizens, especially regarding salary and food supply. So-called "abandoned wives", whose husbands found themselves in post-war Germany and were not able to return, were compelled to "seek divorce" and were not allowed to leave for Germany before 1950–52. The other ones retained were not allowed to leave before 1956; these measures also included the families of the retainees or the parts thereof remaining with them. About 250,000 had been issued East German passports in the 1950s, ending their former statelessness. Many were concentrated in the areas of Wrocław (former Breslau) Wałbrzych (former Waldenburg), and Legnica (former Liegnitz), all in Lower Silesia, and in Koszalin (former Köslin) in Pomerania. How many actually left is uncertain, though it is generally assumed that the majority emigrated. The German society of Wałbrzych has maintained a continuous existence since 1957.

title: Consequences of Nazism

text: After the war, the German people were often viewed with contempt because they were blamed by other Europeans for Nazi crimes. Germans visiting abroad, particularly in the 1950s and 1960s, attracted insults from locals, and from foreigners who may have lost their families or friends in the atrocities. Today in Europe and worldwide (particularly in countries that fought against the Axis), Germans may be scorned by elderly people who were alive to experience the atrocities committed by Nazi Germans during World War II. This resulted in a feeling of controversy for many Germans, causing numerous discussions and rows among scholars and politicians in Post-War West Germany (for example, the "Historikerstreit" [historians' argument] in the 1980s) and after Reunification. Here, the discussion was mainly about the role that the unified Germany should play in the world and in Europe. Bernard Schlink's novel "The Reader" concerns how post-war Germans dealt with the issue.

title: Martin Buber

text: "Ich und Du" has been translated from the original German into many other languages. However, because Buber's use of German was highly idiomatic and often unconventional, there has naturally been debate on how best to convey the complex messages in his text. One critical debate in the English-speaking world has centered on the correct translation of the key word pairs "Ich-Du" and "Ich-Es". In the German, the word "Du" is used, while in the English two different translations are used: "Thou" (used in Ronald Smith's version) and "You" (used by Walter Kaufmann). The key problem is how to translate the very personal, even intimate German "Du", which has no direct equivalent in Modern English. Smith argued that "Thou" invokes the theological and reverential implications which Buber intended (e. g., Buber describes God as the eternal "Du"). Kaufmann asserted that this wording was archaic and impersonal, offering "You" because (like the German "Du") it has colloquial usage in intimate conversation.

title: Łyna, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

text: In 1945, while many if not most German civilians had fled the area, many of those who remained experienced atrocities at the hands of Soviet soldiers who found themselves on German soil for the first time. Lev Kopelev, a Soviet officer and later dissident, described how he was appalled by the acts of murder and looting against those who remained. After World War II the local populace was expelled to West Germany and the town and district became part of Poland as Powiat nidzicki. The area has been henceforth known by its present official name, Łyna.

title: The Young Lions

text: In a 1953 interview, Shaw commented, "what I was trying to do in "The Young Lions" was to show the world at a certain point in its history, its good and evil, and as many people as I could crowd into the book struggling through that world, trying to find some reason for trying to stay alive in it". He described the character of the German soldier Christian: "I wanted to show how a man can start out decent, intelligent, well meaning, as so many people in Germany must have been, even in the greatest days of Nazism and wind up bestialized, almost bereft of humanity, almost dead to the instincts of survival even, as the Germans finally were, by believing in one false thing, which spreads and spreads and finally corrupts them entirely".

title: Native Tongues (book)

text: It tries to explain how languages started and how they spread and decline, how similar many languages like English and German are, how gender-dependent language can be.

title: Worthington, Minnesota

text: Unlike other parts of the country, the Germans were not subjected to xenophobia in Nobles County, Minnesota but rather were welcomed with open arms by the "Yankee" population who had established the town. This led to many writing back to Ohio, which led to chain migration to the region which greatly increased the German-American population. The "Yankee" population of old stock Americans of English descent did not come into conflict with the German-American community for much of their early history together in what is now Worthington. However, eventually the two communities would be divided on the issue of World War I in which the Yankee community would be divided and the Germans were unanimously opposed to American entry into the war. The Yankee community was generally pro-British, however many of the Yankees also did not want America to enter the war themselves. The Germans were sympathetic to Germany and did not want the United States to enter into a war against Germany, but the Germans were not anti-British. Prior to World War I, many German community leaders in Minnesota and Wisconsin spoke openly and enthusiastically about how much better America was than Germany, due primarily (in their eyes) to the presence of English law and the English political culture the Americans had inherited from the colonial era, which they contrasted with the turmoil and oppression in Germany which they had so recently fled. Other immigrant groups followed the Germans including setters from Ireland, Norway and Sweden. For German, Irish and Scandinavian immigrants seeking a new life, southwestern Minnesota was a new world.

title: Icaria

text: The island suffered losses in property and lives during the Second World War as the result of the Italian and then German occupation. There are no exact figures on how many people starved, but in the village of Karavostamo alone over 100 perished from starvation.

title: Immigration to Colombia

text: Particularly in the 19th century, but also in the 20th century. Many Colombians of German heritage arrived in Colombia via Venezuela, where 19th-century German settlements have existed. They traditionally settled as farmers or professional workers in the states of Boyacá and Santander, but also in Cali, Bogotá and Barranquilla. One famous German immigrant of the 19th century was German-Jewish entrepreneur Leo Siegfried Kopp who founded the brewery Bavaria. Other German groups arrived in Colombia later: after World War I (many opticians and other professional businesses in Bogotá were founded by German immigrants in the 1910s), and after World War II, some of them Nazis or on the black list. Many of them changed their surnames for common surnames of the region. Many Germans left Colombia during the 80's.

title: The Myth of the Eastern Front

text: Kelly McFall of Newman University described the book as a "fascinating immersion into a simple but important question: How did the German soldiers who fought on the eastern front during World War Two become hero figures to so many Americans?" McFall found the discussion on the iconography of the 1970s and 1980s wargames to be "path-breaking" and noted that the authors convinced her of the "existence of a community of 'buffs' who have made a fetish of the German army as super-efficient and super-heroic". However, she added that it was unclear how influential this community is outside of its niche, and what impact the rise of computer gaming may have had on this group.


query: When was the American Heart Association formed?

title: American Heart Association

text: The American Heart Association (AHA) is a non-profit organization in the United States that funds cardiovascular medical research[1], educates consumers on healthy living[2] and fosters appropriate cardiac care in an effort to reduce disability and deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and stroke. Originally formed in New York City in 1924 as the Association for the Prevention and Relief of Heart Disease,[3] it is currently headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The American Heart Association is a national voluntary health agency.

title: Chelation therapy

text: The American Heart Association stated in 1997 that there is "no scientific evidence to demonstrate any benefit from this form of therapy." The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the American College of Cardiology "all agree with the American Heart Association" that "there have been no adequate, controlled, published scientific studies using currently approved scientific methodology to support this therapy for cardiovascular disease." They speculate that any improvement among heart patients undergoing chelation therapy can be attributed to the placebo effect and generally recommended lifestyle changes such as "quitting smoking, losing weight, eating more fruits and vegetables, avoiding foods high in saturated fats and exercising regularly." They also are concerned that patients could put off proven treatments for heart disease like drugs or surgery.

title: Bruce C. Kone

text: Kone is a Fellow of the AAAS, the American College of Physicians, the American College of Clinical Pharmacology, the American Society of Nephrology, and the American Heart Association, and a member of the American Clinical and Climatological Association He received an Established Investigator Award from the American Heart Association, and has been continuously funded by the National Institutes of Health for his kidney research since 1986. He was President of the Southern Society of Clinical Investigation, and a member of the Leadership Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease of the American Heart Association.

title: Hialeah Hospital

text:
Hialeah Hospital received the Get With The Guidelines®–Heart Failure Gold Performance Achievement Award from the American Heart Association, which signifies that Hialeah Hospital has reached an aggressive goal of treating heart failure patients with 85% compliance for at least 24 months to core standard levels of care as outlined by the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology secondary prevention guidelines for heart failure patients. Hialeah Hospital is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, the nation’s oldest and largest hospital accreditation agency.
Services Include:

title: Rosiglitazone

text:
Three doctors' groups, the Endocrine Society, the American Diabetes Association and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, urged patients to continue to take the drug as it would be much worse to stop all treatment, despite any associated risk, but that patients could consult their doctors and begin a switch to a different drug if they or their doctors find concern. The American Heart Association said in a statement in June 2010: " ...the reports deserves serious consideration, and patients with diabetes who are 65 years of age or older and being treated with rosiglitazone should discuss the findings with their prescribing physician...".
"For patients with diabetes, the most serious consequences are heart disease and stroke, and the risk of suffering from them is significantly increased when diabetes is present. As in most situations, patients should not change or stop medications without consulting their healthcare provider."

title: Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease

text: Most medical, scientific, heart-health, governmental, and professional authorities agree that saturated fat is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including the World Health Organization, the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Medicine, the American Dietetic Association, the Dietitians of Canada, the British Dietetic Association, the American Heart Association, the British Heart Foundation, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, the World Heart Federation, the British National Health Service, the United States Food and Drug Administration, and the European Food Safety Authority. All of these organizations recommend restricting consumption of saturated fats to reduce that risk.

title: Jonathan L. Halperin

text: Halperin is a fellow of the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the Councils on Circulation, Stroke and Cardiology of the American Heart Association. He is past president of the Society for Vascular Medicine.

title: Suzanne Steinbaum

text: In 2010, after serving as the Medical Director for the Young Professionals division of the American Heart Association, Steinbaum was awarded the American Heart Association's: "Young Hearts Award" for her Achievement in Cardiovascular Science and medicine.

title: Alice K. Jacobs

text:
Alice K. Jacobs is an author and professor at the Boston University School of Medicine who specializes in Interventional Cardiology, coronary revascularization, and the Sex-based differences in cardiovascular disease. Alice was President of the American Heart Association between 2004 and 2005. She has also served as chair of the American College of Cardiology/
American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. On April 20, 2009, she was awarded the Gold Heart Award by the American Heart Association for her contributions to health.

title: Ernst Philip Boas

text: He was a leading member or officer of the American Heart Association, the American Medical Association, the American Society for the Study of Arteriosclerosis (founding member), the Authors' Guild, the Child Study Association of America, the Committee for the Nation's Health, the Committee of Citizens Against the Feinberg Law (a law to eliminate subversives from the New York state public school system), the Harvey Society, the Medical Society of the County of New York, the National Medical Committee of the NAACP, the New York Academy of Medicine, the New York Heart Association (founding member and Chairman), the New York Tuberculosis and Health Association (Chairman of the Heart Committee), and the United States Committee (founding member), an organization created in support of the World Medical Association.

title: American Heart Association

text: In 1994, the Chronicle of Philanthropy, an industry publication, released the results of the largest study of charitable and non-profit organization popularity and credibility. The study showed that the American Heart Association was ranked as the 5th "most popular charity/non-profit in America" of over 100 charities researched with 95% of Americans over the age of 12 choosing Love and Like A lot description category for the American Heart Association.[5]

title: Jeremiah Stamler

text: American Heart Association Award for Outstanding Efforts in Heart Research, 1964; AHA Award of Merit, 1967; AHA Service Award, 1980–81; AHA Research Achievement Award, 1981; AHA Distinguished Achievement Award, 1987; and the AHA's prestigious Gold Heart Award in 1992. The AHA also honored Dr. Stamler in 1990 when the Executive Committee of the Council in Epidemiology established the Jeremiah Stamler, MD New Investigator Award. Other significant honors include a Gold Heart Award from the Chicago Affiliate of the American Heart Association; the Donald Reid Medal from the Joint Committee of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the Royal College of Physicians; the National Cholesterol Award at the First National Cholesterol Conference; the James D. Bruce Memorial Award for Distinguished Contributions in Preventive Medicine from the American College of Physicians.

title: American Heart Association

text: The American Heart Association grew out of a set of smaller precursor groups. The primary precursor was the Association for the Prevention and Relief of Heart Disease, formed in New York City in 1915, to study whether patients with heart disease could safely return to work. Several similar organizations formed or evolved in Boston, Philadelphia, and Chicago in the 1920s. Recognizing the need for a national organization to share research and promote findings, the American Heart Association was formed in 1924 by six cardiologists representing several of these precursor groups.[3]

title: Robert M. Berne

text:
He was also President of the American Physiological Society.
Berne was a member of the National Academy of Science, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Berne was the Editor in Chief of Circulation Research, a publication of the American Heart Association from 1970 to 1975.
He received the Gold Heart Award of the American Heart Association in 1985.
He also received a special citation from the American Heart Association in 1979.
The National Academies Press called Berne "an acclaimed authority in the field of cardiovascular physiology".

title: Ramón H. Dovalina

text: In October 2004, Dovalina chaired the American Heart Association's annual three-mile "Heart Walk". "We constantly hear how people are affected by heart attacks, strokes, and other heart diseases. But when it hits close to home, it takes on a new meaning," said Dovalina, who noted that his father, then ninety-one, was facing congestive heart failure.

title: Cardiology

text: American College of Cardiology American Heart Association European Society of Cardiology Heart Rhythm Society Canadian Cardiovascular Society Indian Heart Association National Heart Foundation of Australia

title: Bob Deuell

text: Following the conclusion of the 79th Legislative Session, Deuell received the American Heart Association's “Heart of Honor” award for contributions in reducing the death and disability of heart disease and stroke in Texas. The “Heart of Honor” is the top honor given by the American Heart Association.

title: Gladys Swarthout

text: In 1958, Dr. Paul Dudley White presented her with the American Heart Association's very first "Heart-of-the-Year" Award, to be given annually to a distinguished American whose faith and courage in meeting the personal challenge of heart disease have inspired new hope for hearts. She wrote about her decision in "When the Song Left My Heart", an article in the October 1958 Everywoman's Family Circle. As she went into retirement, she and Frank bought a villa in Italy, La Ragnaia, near Florence, where they lived together until Chapman's death in 1966.

title: American Heart Association

text: On October 28, 2009 The American Heart Association and the Ad Council launched a hands-only CPR public service announcement and website.[11] On November 30, 2009, The American Heart Association announced a new cardiac arrest awareness campaign called Be the Beat.[12] The campaign's aim is to teach 12- to 15-year-olds fun ways to learn the basics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and how to use an automated external defibrillator.

title: Etacrynic acid

text:
Ethacrynic acid is a diuretic that is used to treat edema when a stronger agent is required. It is available as a pill or injected form. The pill is used to treat edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis and renal disease, accumulation of liquid in the belly associated with cancer or edema, and management of hospitalized children with congenital heart disease or nephrotic syndrome.
The injected form is used to rapidly remove water from the body when needed - for example in acute pulmonary edema - or when a person cannot take the medicine in pill form.

title: American Heart Association

text: In 2014, the American Heart Association issued its first guidelines for preventing strokes in women.[4]

title: Heart rate

text: The American Heart Association states the normal resting adult human heart rate is 60–100 bpm. Tachycardia is a fast heart rate, defined as above 100 bpm at rest. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate, defined as below 60 bpm at rest. During sleep a slow heartbeat with rates around 40–50 bpm is common and is considered normal. When the heart is not beating in a regular pattern, this is referred to as an arrhythmia. Abnormalities of heart rate sometimes indicate disease.

title: American Heart Association

text: A is available on the American Heart Association website.

title: Daniel Levy (physician)

text: Levy has received two NIH Director’s Awards, as well as the American Heart Association’s Population Research Prize. He is a fellow of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association, as well as a member of the American Society of Hypertension and Heart Failure Society of America. He is the editor-in-chief of the journals "Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports" and the "Journal of the American Society of Hypertension".

text: The American Association of Applied Psychologists (abbreviated AAAP) was a short-lived American professional organization dedicated to applied psychology. It was founded in 1937 when the Association of Consulting Psychologists, which had been founded in 1930, merged with the American Psychological Association's section on clinical psychology, which had been founded in 1913. In the fall of 1939, around the time when World War II began, the AAAP and the American Psychological Association (APA) formed a joint emergency council to prepare for the impending war. This council later became a division of the National Research Council known as the Emergency Committee in Psychology. The AAAP merged with several other psychology organizations in 1944 and 1945 to form a new incarnation of the American Psychological Association.

title: Jurnee Carr

text: Appreciation Award from the American Heart Association 2012 - ""For your support of the mission of the American Heart Association""

title: History of the Catholic Church in Belize

text: In 1953 an agricultural branch of St. John's College, called Lynam College, was opened in Stann Creek on land lent by the government. The college operated until 1971 when lack of funding and criticism that it was not fulfilling its function as an agricultural school caused its closing. St. John's Junior College grew out of the Sixth Form (1952) that was connected to the high school (1887). In 1966 it began offering associate degrees in affiliation with the American Association of Community Colleges. Two more Catholic junior colleges were founded in the 1990s. Muffles Junior College near Orange Walk Town was opened in 1992. It grew out of Muffles High School that originated in 1953. And Sacred Heart Junior College in San Ignacio Town was opened in 1999. It grew out of Sacred Heart High School which was the first secondary school in Cayo District when it opened in 1960. Seminarians from nearby St. Benedict's attend Sacred Heart Junior College. By 2015 the Catholic church had 148 elementary schools, attached to all of its 18 parishes and to most all of its mission stations, along with 11 high schools and 3 junior colleges. Not until 1986 did the government found a university independent of church control. There have been efforts to detach education from the British A-level system and associate it more closely to the American system of accreditation, but the Chamber of Commerce and Rotary business people resisted.

title: Heart of Midlothian F.C.

text: The club was formed by a group of friends from the Heart of Midlothian Quadrille Assembly Club. The group of friends bought a ball before playing local rules football at the Tron from where they were directed by a local policeman to The Meadows to play. Local rules football was a mix of rugby and association football. In December 1873 a match was held between XIs selected by Mr Thomson from Queens Park and Mr Gardner from Clydesdale at Raimes Park in Bonnington. This was the first time that Association rules had been seen in Edinburgh. Members from the dance club viewed the match and in 1874 decided to adopt the association rules. The new side was Heart of Mid-Lothian Football Club. The exact date of the club's formation was never recorded; however, 1874 is regarded as the year of formation as it was when association rules were taken on, although Tom Purdie claimed the club was formed in 1873. The earliest mention of "Heart of Midlothian" in a sporting context is a report in "The Scotsman" newspaper from 20 July 1864 of "The Scotsman" vs Heart of Mid-Lothian at cricket. It is not known if this was the same club who went on to form the football club, but it was common for football clubs in those days to play other sports as well.

title: Let's Just Play Go Healthy Challenge

text: Additionally, Nickelodeon and The Alliance for a Healthier Generations have formed the "Go Healthy Challenge Champions Network", a group of organizations that are also supporting the show. They include the American Heart Association, American Diabetes Association, the National Association of Physical and Sports Education, National Recreation and Park Association, and the National Rural Health Association. They give support by helping to increase participation and awareness of the campaign.

text: Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal and an official journal of the American Heart Association. Since 2015, it is also published with John Wiley & Sons. It was established in 2012 and the editor-in-chief is Barry London (University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine).


query: When was the character Kano introduced in the game Mortal Kombat?

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: Kano is a fictional character from the Mortal Kombat fighting game franchise. He is one of the series' original characters, having made his debut in Mortal Kombat in 1992. A calculating mercenary, and member of the international crime cartel known as the Black Dragon, Kano is also the top fugitive and persistent nemesis of Sonya Blade and Jax Briggs of the Special Forces, which has been his primary storyline throughout the course of his Mortal Kombat series appearances, and in Mortal Kombat 3, he also becomes the general of Outworld emperor Shao Kahn's armies. In the 2011 series reboot, he additionally poses as a crooked Special Forces informant and serves as Kahn's arms dealer. His most recognizable feature is his cybernetic metal faceplate that houses an infrared eye laser.

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: Kano placed 24th in UGO.com's 2012 selection of the series' top fifty characters,[42] and the site had additionally ranked him in 2011 as the seventh best cyborg character of all time, ahead of RoboCop and Star Trek character Seven of Nine.[43] Den of Geek placed him seventeenth in their 2015 ranking of the series' characters, commenting that "Kano is a special kind of scum, and the series is better for him existing ... [but] he probably wouldn’t rank quite as high if not for Trevor Goddard’s rocking performance in the first movie."[44] Josh Wirtanen of Cheat Code Central listed Kano as the fifth best Mortal Kombat character[45] while Game Revolution's Anthony Severino included in his 2011 "Top 10 Old School Mortal Kombat Characters" feature.[46] Saldana praised the character as "such a scene-stealer in the movie that the MK team retconned everything about Kano to fit that portrayal",[47] but Chris Buffa of Modojo.com included Kano in his "worst list" of characters from MK3 without explanation,[48] and IGN described him only by saying that he "sucks."[49] Fans ranked Kano as the 27th best MK character in a 2013 online poll hosted by Dorkly that rated the series' entire character roster.[50]

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: Kano was the final fighter to be added to the first game, where his role was to serve as the enemy of the female character Sonya.[13] Kano originally had a large helmet with two red eyes, a concept that was dropped in favor of a smaller metal piece over his right eye. The eye piece was at first envisioned as a simple eyepatch, but then it was turned into a metal plate inspired by Arnold Schwarzenegger's character in The Terminator.[14][15] In his Mortal Kombat: Deception biography card, Mortal Kombat co-creator Ed Boon described how Kano's bionic eye in the first game was created by cutting out a piece of a plastic mask and painting it a silver color, then attaching it with spirit gum to actor Richard Divizio's face, with the infrared eye added digitally. For the first game he wore a simple gray tunic that was changed to red and black for MK3; Divizio said, "I thought, 'Good, get rid of that white karate outfit!'" and remarked that his versus-screen pose in the game represented his "mean Kano face."[16] Kano's iconic heart-ripping finishing move was Divizio's idea inspired by the film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom on which he insisted as a fan of Indiana Jones.[17]

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: Kano is most notable for his Fatalities, which are regarded by various sources as among either the best or the worst in his series appearances. UGO Networks rated the "Heart Rip" from the original Mortal Kombat second in their 2011 listing of the "Top 11 Mortal Kombat Fatalities", crediting it as singlehandedly "herald[ing] the birth of anti-video game violence advocates" and describing it as "ripping the beating heart out of an opponent's chest like he's some sort of Mola Ram."[42][51] Prima Games ranked it runner-up to Sub-Zero's "Spine Rip" in their 2014 list of the series' top Fatalities.[52] GamePro, in 2008, rated the doctored version of the finisher from the censored Super NES version of the game, in which Kano instead smashes the opponent's rib cage with a deadly punch, first in their list of the series' twelve "lamest" Fatalities.[53] ScrewAttack ranked his "Skeleton Removal" from Mortal Kombat 3 sixth on their "Top 10 Mortal Kombat Fatalities",[54] but Dan Ryckert of Game Informer included it among the most confusing MK finishers.[55]Kano's "Stomach Pounce" Fatality from Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe has been particularly criticized for its tameness in a Mortal Kombat title negatively received for its toned-down violence. It led to his second appearance on GamePro's "Top 12 Lamest Fatalities" listing (fifth), with the magazine commenting that "absolutely no effort was put in [by the developers in] creating it."[53] Game Informer rated it among the series' worst finishers,[56] and Game Rant chose it as the series' worst Fatality, adding that it had no connection to the character.[57] David Saldana of 1UP.com listed it among his selection of the MK series' worst Fatalities (seventh).[47] ScrewAttack used the "Stomach Pounce" as the representative of all of MKvsDC's finishers topping its 2011 list of the series' worst Fatalities.[58] Adam Blampied of WhatCulture rated it third in his 2015 list of the "10 Worst Fatalities in Mortal Kombat History", commenting "it brings shame to the name ‘Fatality.’ It’s the weakest in the game, possibly of all time."[59]

title: Mortal Kombat

text: Some Easter eggs originated from in-jokes between members of the development team. One example is "Toasty", which found its way into the game in the form of a small image of sound designer Dan Forden, who would appear in the corner of the screen during gameplay (after performing an uppercut) and yell the phrase "Toasty!", originating from him saying "you're toast". This egg was also the key to unlocking the hidden character Smoke when it happened in the Portal stage in "Mortal Kombat II". In "Mortal Kombat 4", Forden would say "Toasty! 3D!" after Scorpion did his burn Fatality, a reference to the fact that it is the first 3D game of the series. "Toasty!" is also found in "Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks", appearing randomly after the character pulls off a chain of hits, though the picture of Forden was removed for that title, but brought back for the 2011 "Mortal Kombat" game. Yet another private joke was the hidden character Noob Saibot, who has appeared in various versions of the game starting with "Mortal Kombat II". The character's name derived from two of the series' creators' surnames, Ed Boon and John Tobias, spelled backwards. In addition, a counter for ERMACS on the game's audits screen (ERMACS being short for "error macros"), was interpreted by some players as a reference to a hidden character in the original "Mortal Kombat". The development team decided to turn the rumor into reality, introducing Ermac in "Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3" as an unlockable secret character. The character Mokap, introduced in "Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance," is a tribute to Carlos Pesina, who played Raiden in "MK" and "MKII" and has served as a motion capture actor for subsequent titles in the series.

title: Mortal Kombat: Special Forces

text: Besides Jax, Kano, and Kano's Black Dragon subordinates Tremor and Jarek, the game features three characters exclusive to this entry in the series:This was the second "Mortal Kombat" game developed by Midway that was more of a platformer than a fighting game, after having tested the waters with "Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero" in 1997. Series co-creator John Tobias intended to work on a series of platform games to expand the "Mortal Kombat" universe, including titles centering on Baraka and Liu Kang; only the latter was actually released by Midway (2005's "") despite having sat on the drawing board for many years.

title: Raiden (Mortal Kombat)

text: Raiden was originally going to use his staff as a weapon already in "Mortal Kombat II", but Midway was forced to omit it due to memory constraints. He was unplayable in all versions of "Mortal Kombat 3" and briefly appeared only as part of Nightwolf's Friendship, which saw him transform into Raiden while a "Mortal Kombat II "arcade cabinet appeared along with one of two quotes, ""No, But I Can Do a Raiden Transformation"", or ""I've never seen a Kano transformation"", both of which were based on false reports that Kano was secretly playable in "Mortal Kombat II" and Raiden likewise in "Mortal Kombat 3". The Friendship was changed in the Nintendo 64 version of "Mortal Kombat Trilogy" after Raiden became a playable character in that game.

title: Mortal Kombat II

text: "Mortal Kombat II" was the second game in the "Mortal Kombat" series, improving the gameplay and expanding the mythos of the original "Mortal Kombat", notably introducing more varied finishing moves (including several Fatalities per character and new finishers, such as Babality and Friendship) and several iconic characters, such as Kitana, Mileena, Kung Lao, Noob Saibot, and the series' recurring villain, Shao Kahn. The game's plot continues from the first game, featuring the next Mortal Kombat tournament set in the otherdimensional realm of Outworld, with the Outworld and Earthrealm representatives fighting each other on their way to challenge the evil emperor Shao Kahn.

title: Sonya Blade

text: However, Sonya and Kano have been the least popular characters among the players of the original "Mortal Kombat", with Sonya herself soon surpassed in popularity by Kitana and Mileena. "Hyper" also reported a minor "controversy over the character Sonya Blade in the first "Mortal Kombat". Some men complained they didn't want to kill her, and not just because they were fond of her big breasts and long legs - they just didn't feel they could hit a girl." Fan rumors surrounding Sonya in later games included a secret possibility to fight her in "Mortal Kombat II" and her having a "Nudality" finishing move in "Mortal Kombat 3".

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: Kano was the only one of the original seven characters who was omitted from Mortal Kombat 4 (1997), with new character Jarek debuting in his place. His role in the game was as the last surviving member of the Black Dragon following Kano's apparent death, and was being pursued by Sonya and Jax for "crimes against humanity." Jarek copied Kano's special moves as well as his "Heart Rip" and "Eye Laser" Fatalities despite possessing no cybernetic enhancements. He was not as well-received as his predecessor, and has not featured as a playable in the series again with the exception of Armageddon.

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: Out of the seven original series characters, Kano has featured the least in the Mortal Kombat games, though he was among the eleven characters who represented the franchise in the crossover game Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe. He has appeared in alternate series media such as the first Mortal Kombat film, the animated series Mortal Kombat: Defenders of the Realm and the web series Mortal Kombat: Legacy, in addition to having a central role in the 1995 Mortal Kombat novel and featuring on official series merchandise. General and critical reception for the character has been mainly positive, but mixed in regards to his Fatality finishing moves.

title: Sonya Blade

text: Sonya and Kano were the least popular characters of the first game and so the team decided to replace them, saving image memory space and time for the new characters. Producers said Sonya was "chucked out" from the game in favour of the palette swapped Kitana and Mileena as part of revamping the game, so it would better compete against "Street Fighter II" and its popular female character Chun-Li"." Sonya and Kano were promptly dropped for the first sequel and appear in "Mortal Kombat II" only in one of the backgrounds, chained in Kahn's Arena. At the time, Tobias said: "We still wanted to include them in the story line, so we had them captured. I don't know where or when or in what form, but Sonya and Kano will be back." However, they both soon returned as playable character in the very next game and Sonya proved to be one of the most popular of "Mortal Kombat" characters. According to Midway's Mark Turmell, Sonya's "Mortal Kombat 3" actress Kerri Hoskins "started getting phone calls from kids at home because we'd published her name." Hoskins, whose martial arts training consisted of "some Tang Soo Do and a past of WWF wrestling and gymnastics," said she was asked to join the cast of "MK3" after establishing a working relationship at Midway with the producers of "NBA Jam". She later also voiced Sonya for "Mortal Kombat 4". Sonya's later voice actresses included Beth Melewski ("MK:SM"), Dana Lyn Baron ("MKvDCU", "MK2011"), Tricia Helfer ("MKX"), and Ronda Rousey ("MK11"). Her motion actor during the "Deception"-"Annihilation" era was Carlos Pesina.

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: In the 1995 Mortal Kombat movie, Kano was played by Trevor Goddard. The film expanded upon Kano's rivalry with Sonya from the games; she now sought vengeance against Kano for killing her (unnamed) partner, for which Shang Tsung hires Kano to lure Sonya into the Mortal Kombat tournament, promising to reward Kano's efforts after he presumably defeats Sonya, while demanding that she is "not to be harmed, only humiliated." Kano baits Sonya into boarding Shang Tsung's ship, and is later spotted by Cage, Sonya and Liu Kang conversing with Goro. When Sonya and Kano meet in battle, his earlier plan with Shang Tsung goes astray when he is defeated, and Shang Tsung betrays Kano by goading Sonya into finishing him; she complies by breaking his neck. Kano is described as wearing a business suit during the dining scene in the movie novelization, which also featured a detailed opening scene of an unsuccessful joint mission of arresting Black Dragon members by the Special Forces and an international task force, which culminates in Kano killing the task force's lieutenant who is designated therein as Sonya's murdered partner.[31][32] Kano is spared by Sonya in their fight, as she refuses to fall prey to Shang Tsung's scheme while declaring that nobody "owned" her, and at the end of the book, he is captured and handcuffed by Sonya.[31] Kano's wardrobe is minimalist in the film, as his game design was eschewed in favor of the character going shirtless with a simple brown vest, while he wears only a pair of pinstriped slacks, a metal choker and combat boots when he fights Sonya. The companion book published by Prima Lifestyles prior to the film's release said in his character profile: "A strapping Australian talented in all forms of martial arts, he's particularly skilled with a knife. He seems to enjoy his cat-and-mouse game with Sonya, which began after he murdered her partner."[33]

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: Along with the original series characters, Kano was highlighted on an individual track from The Immortals' 1994 album Mortal Kombat: The Album. Titled "Use Your Might", it features a female vocalist singing the character's praises from a first-person perspective, citing him as "the strongest of them all" out of the other Mortal Kombat contestants.

title: Kabal (Mortal Kombat)

text: Kabal is a fictional character in the "Mortal Kombat" fighting game franchise, created for Midway Games by Ed Boon and John Tobias. Kabal was introduced in "Mortal Kombat 3" as a former member of Kano's Black Dragon criminal organization who had reformed as a force for good and thus became one of the chosen defenders of Earthrealm, while notably suffering an attack by Outworld emperor Shao Kahn's extermination squads that left his face disfigured and thus concealed behind a mask. In the three-dimensional "Mortal Kombat" games, he returns to the side of evil by reforming the Black Dragon and feuding with Mavado, leader of their bitter rival, the Red Dragon. Kabal returns to the side of good in the 2011 "Mortal Kombat" reboot, again having quit the Black Dragon and fighting alongside Kurtis Stryker to defend Earthrealm against Kahn's forces.

title: Richard Divizio

text: Divizio is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Kano in the original "Mortal Kombat" in 1992. He also appeared in "Mortal Kombat II" as Baraka, and reprised the role of Kano for both "Mortal Kombat II" in 1993 (as a chained up prisoner) and "Mortal Kombat 3" in 1995, making his playable return. In "MK3", he also played the masked hook swordsman Kabal and the shadowy fighter Noob Saibot. In 1997, he portrayed Quan Chi in both the game and full motion video sequences in the platform title "", and provided motion capture footage for the character as well in "Mortal Kombat 4". He returned to the series in 2002, contributing to "" as a motion capture actor.

title: Mortal Kombat 3

text: Some of the characters from previous "Mortal Kombat" games who returned in "Mortal Kombat 3" were portrayed by new actors since their original portrayers left Midway due to royalty disputes over the use of their likenesses in console versions. Ho Sung Pak (Liu Kang in the first two games, as well as Shang Tsung in the first "Mortal Kombat"), Phillip Ahn (Shang Tsung in "Mortal Kombat II"), Elizabeth Malecki (Sonya Blade), Katalin Zamiar (Kitana/Mileena/Jade) and Daniel Pesina (Johnny Cage and Scorpion/Sub-Zero/Reptile/Smoke/Noob Saibot) were not involved in the production of "MK3". Prior to the release of "Mortal Kombat 3", Daniel appeared in an advertisement for another fighting game, "BloodStorm", which resulted in a false rumor that it got him fired by Midway. All this led to the use of new actors for Liu Kang (Eddie Wong), Sonya Blade (Kerri Hoskins), Shang Tsung and Sub-Zero (both played by John Turk) in "MK3". Richard Divizio (Kano) also took over the role of Noob Saibot (as the character was a recolored Kano in this version). Carlos Pesina, who played Raiden in the first two games, did not appear in "MK3" as a penalty for his involvement in the rival game "Tattoo Assassins", but was still employed by Midway and his character would return in "Mortal Kombat Trilogy", although through the use of recycled sprites from "MKII" and new sprites performed by Sal Divita.

title: Sonya Blade

text: Game Rant included her on their 2011 list of ten "most awesome" "Mortal Kombat" characters, stating that "while not nearly as unique as some of the other kombatants on the list, Sonya Blade is integral to some of the more interesting story-threads in the Mortal Kombat universe", citing her pursuit for Kano. In 2012, "the hot, butch" Sonya was given the eight place on UGO's list of top "Mortal Kombat" characters. That same year, she was at seventh place on Cheat Code Central's list of top "Mortal Kombat" "kombatants", along with a comment that "the badass army chick was all the rage back in the 1990s, but now she's part of a dwindling number of female characters that really kick ass." Her "Double Split" in the 2011 game was included by "FHM" on their list of nine most brutal Fatalities in the game. Sonya placed 18th in a 2013 Dorkly poll for top "Mortal Kombat" characters, noted as one "of the more grounded and strong-willed characters in "MK" history." In 2014, GamesRadar called her ""Mortal Kombat"'s leading lady". Similarly, including her as the only female in his 2015 list of ten most iconic "Mortal Kombat" characters, GameRant's Jason Gallagher opined that Sonya, "with all due respect to Kitana, Jade, and Mileena, is still the most recognizable female character in franchise history today. She's played a large role in various ongoing storylines, and is one-half of the reason Cassie Cage exists today. The Special Forces crew has expanded greatly over the last two decades, but it was Sonya that started it all."

title: Mortal Kombat II

text:
Several characters (namely Jade, Kitana, Mileena, Noob Saibot, Reptile, Scorpion, Smoke, and Sub-Zero) were created using the first game's palette swap technique on just two base models. The game was noted for its "strong
female presence," as it was featuring more than one woman character as it was common in the genre at the time. Due to memory limitations and the development team's desire to introduce more new characters, two fighters from the original "Mortal Kombat", Sonya Blade and Kano, whom Boon cited as the least-picked characters in the game, were excluded, substituted by two palette swaps, Mileena and Reptile. In place of Sonya, two new playable female characters, Kitana and Mileena, were introduced so the game might better compete against Capcom's "" featuring Chun-Li. Another planned female fighter, based on the real-life kickboxer Kathy Long whom Tobias admired, was omitted due to time constraints. A male bonus character played by Kyu Hwang was also cut from the game.

title: Mortal Kombat 3

text: "Mortal Kombat 3" was originally considered to be made using 3D graphics, before reverting to sprite graphics of the previous games. Its overall style was envisioned differently from in the previous "Mortal Kombat" games. Instead of the heavily-Oriental themes of "Mortal Kombat" and "Mortal Kombat II", the theme of "MK3" is more Western-contemporary. The game's stages are set in modern locations (such as urban highways, churches, and bank rooftops), three of the characters are cyborgs, and traditional character designs (such as Sub-Zero's or Kano's) have been dropped or modified in favor of modern replacements. This change is also reflected in the soundtrack, in which all Oriental motifs have been dropped in favor of modern instrumentation.

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: Kano was among the eleven Mortal Kombat characters representing the franchise in the 2008 crossover fighter Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe. His official rival is The Joker, but he is not playable in the story mode. He also appears in the iOS game Arkham City Lockdown as an Easter egg fighting Batman in one of the levels.[12] In the indie game Punch Club, a fighter named Jax, who is designed after the Mortal Kombat 3 incarnation of Kano makes an appearance in one of the game's gang turf war segments.

title: Kitana

text: Kitana (also known as Princess Kitana and Lady Kitana) is a fictional character from the "Mortal Kombat" media franchise, where she was introduced as one of the new player characters in the fighting game "Mortal Kombat II" in 1993. Since then, Kitana appeared in a majority of "Mortal Kombat" series' video games and its other media, including the films "Mortal Kombat" and "", and the series "", "" and "", becoming one of the most popular and recognizable elements of the franchise.

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: In all Mortal Kombat media from the first game up to Armageddon (save for the 1995 film), including the 1996 animated series and the 1995-96 theatrical show, Kano had either had a receding hairline or been completely bald (since Divizio had been going bald himself while filming for the first game and had shaved his head prior to shooting MK3) and his facial hair had regularly consisted of nothing more than stubble. However, in MKvsDC and the 2011 reboot, Kano was given a full head of hair and beard, and a cosmetic addition in the reboot was two large solid-black dragon tattoos that started at his chest and snaked around his arms, while his outfits in both games were throwbacks to the two-dimensional titles. As a nod to Trevor Goddard's performance as Kano in the first Mortal Kombat film, the character's nationality was changed from American to Australian, beginning with the cartoon in which he spoke with an Australian accent, and continuing with Kano's redesign in MKvsDC and thereafter that served as a visual tribute to the actor.

title: Mortal Kombat 3

text: Some characters from the previous games returned and new characters were introduced into the series. "Mortal Kombat 3" notably omitted popular characters from previous games, some of whom were added in an update, "Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3", released later in 1995. The PC and home console-exclusive "Mortal Kombat Trilogy" (1996) added even more characters, as well as other new features.

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: According to Prima Games' official guide for the 2011 reboot game, Kano’s " 'flinch and you will be comboed' style can be frustrating to play against, but if you are a die-hard Kano user back from the Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 days, you will find that Kano completely fits your style." The guide also determined him to not be overly formidable nor at a great disadvantage in matches against the other characters.[27]

title: List of Mortal Kombat characters

text: This is a list of playable characters from the "Mortal Kombat" fighting game series and the games in which they appear. The series takes place in a fictional universe composed of six realms, which were created by the Elder Gods. The Elder Gods created a fighting tournament called Mortal Kombat to reduce the wars between the realms. The first "Mortal Kombat" game introduces a tournament in which Earthrealm can be destroyed if it loses once again.

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: Kano entered the Mortal Kombat tournament in the 1992 original game after hearing rumors that tournament host Shang Tsung's palace was filled with gold and other riches, with the intention of looting it for the Black Dragon, but he is fervently pursued by U.S. Special Forces officer Sonya Blade, who holds a personal grudge against Kano that is unspecified in the game's storyline. He evades capture by leaping onto Shang Tsung's junk bound for the tournament, and when Sonya tracks him onto his private island, she is captured and forced to compete. She and Kano were among the competition's few survivors, and during the final battle between Shang Tsung and Liu Kang, Sonya reluctantly teams up with Kano (along with Johnny Cage) to fight off Goro, enraged from his own loss to Liu Kang, but during their battle the island immediately self-destructs following Shang Tsung's defeat, trapping Kano and Sonya in Outworld. They are both captured and spend the events of Mortal Kombat II chained and on display in Outworld emperor Shao Kahn's arena.

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: Kano was not playable in Mortal Kombat II; according to series co-creator John Tobias in a 1994 interview with GamePro, in the first game "Kano and Sonya were probably picked the least. We [Midway] still wanted to include them in the storyline, so we had them captured." He then confirmed that Kano and Sonya would return in a future installment.[24] Indeed, Kano and Sonya were playable in Mortal Kombat 3, where his moves from the first game were retained while he gained a new "Choke" maneuver where he lifted his opponents and then violently shook them. His Fatalities were far less graphic than in the first game, as he either exploded his opponent with a laser blast from his implant, or reached down their throat to pull out their entire skeleton and hold it aloft without any blood or gore present. The game featured the unplayable hidden character Noob Saibot, who was a silhouetted sprite of Kano before being switched to a traditional ninja palette swap in Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 and the 1996 compilation title Mortal Kombat Trilogy, the latter which featured the original MK1 Kano as a selectable along with the then-current version.

title: Kano (Mortal Kombat)

text: In the original Mortal Kombat, Kano's special moves were the Knife Throw, making him one of two characters in the game (besides Scorpion) whose projectile was a physical weapon, while his body-propel move, the Cannonball, saw him curl into a ball and launch himself at his opponent. Sega Visions called the Knife Throw "a strong distance weapon and easily thrown."[20] Kano also possessed one of the more graphic Fatalities in the game, which involved him plunging his hand into his opponent's chest and ripping out their still-beating heart. In the censored SNES version, he instead fractures the opponent's sternum with a deadly punch. Boon claimed that Sub-Zero's "Spine Rip" Fatality from the same game stood out more, because Kano's finisher did not have a "mark left on the opponent's body."[21] Kano was cut from the Game Gear version of Mortal Kombat due to memory constraints, while a still image of him wielding an automatic weapon in his arcade ending was removed from the Genesis version of the game.[22][23]

title: Noob Saibot

text: Noob Saibot was first introduced in 1993's "Mortal Kombat II" as a hidden nonplayable opponent whom players fought in a secret battle in the "Goro's Lair" stage from the first game after winning fifty consecutive matches. He was a solid black palette swap of Sub-Zero who fought with increased speed and Scorpion's spear. He returned as a secret character in "Mortal Kombat 3" with the same attributes, but was instead a silhouette of Kano, since there were no human ninjas in the game, and in the Sega Game Gear port, he additionally had Kano's special moves and his "Eye Laser" Fatality. Upon being made playable in the console versions of "UMK3" and the 1996 compilation title "Mortal Kombat Trilogy", Noob Saibot returned as a palette-swap ninja, and one of ten human ninja swaps in the game overall. Noob Saibot is playable in "Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks" in the "Versus" mode if both players select Sub-Zero; the last player to select him will play as a variation of Noob Saibot. He is colored black but he has Sub-Zero's frozen forearms and retains the latter's moves and Fatalities.