query: How rich is Trump?

title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: The net worth of Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States, stood at $3.1billion as of 2018, according to Forbes. Various organizations have estimated and investigated Trump's wealth. Trump has often stated higher values for his wealth than organizations estimating it.

title: Legal affairs of Donald Trump

text: During the 2016 U.S. presidential election, media began reporting in detail on how the Donald J. Trump Foundation was funded and how Donald Trump used its funds. "The Washington Post" in particular reported several cases of possible mis-use, self-dealing and possible tax evasion.

title: Why We Want You to Be Rich

text: Why We Want You to Be Rich: Two Men, One Message is a non-fiction book about personal finance, co-authored by Donald Trump and Robert Kiyosaki. The book was first published in hardcover format in 2006. The coauthors became familiar with each other through mutual work at The Learning Annex and Trump being impressed by Kiyosaki's writing success with "Rich Dad Poor Dad". Trump and Kiyosaki co-authored another book together in 2011, "Midas Touch: Why Some Entrepreneurs Get Rich-And Why Most Don't". The book discusses American economic problems including the middle-class squeeze, economic globalization, and the national debt of the United States. The authors advise the reader to gain financial literacy and delve into entrepreneurship. Trump and Kiyosaki criticize mutual funds and advocate real estate investing as a way to build wealth.

title: Midas Touch (book)

text: Midas Touch: Why Some Entrepreneurs Get Rich — And Why Most Don't is a non-fiction book about personal finance, co-authored by Donald Trump and Robert Kiyosaki. The book was published in hardcover format in 2011. The coauthors became familiar with each other through mutual work at The Learning Annex, and "The Art of the Deal". Trump was impressed by Kiyosaki's writing success with "Rich Dad Poor Dad". The coauthors then wrote "Why We Want You to be Rich" together in 2006, and followed it up with "Midas Touch" in 2011.

title: Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump

text: In January 2017, "SNL" writer Katie Rich was suspended from the show after she wrote a joking tweet saying that Trump's youngest son, Barron, would become "this country's first home school shooter." The tweet provoked significant outrage, and Rich apologized, calling it "inexcusable".

title: Charles Barkley

text: Barkley has also been known as a critic of President Donald Trump from as early as his Republican nomination in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Before Trump won the Republican primaries that year, Barkley stated his disgust towards the words and messages that Trump was promoting throughout the presidential race. On September 2017, when President Trump called out former San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick for his kneeling during the U.S. National Anthem during the 2016 NFL season, Barkley expressed his complete disappointment in President Trump calling the guy a "son of a bitch" and people cheering him on for that. In December 2017, Barkley mocked President Trump's tax bill for the rich, stating he's going to go down to the store and buy a Rolex watch and thank the Republicans for helping protect the rich while the poor get left out for support.

title: Guilty Hands

text: Alone of all the houseguests, Marjorie West is certain it was murder. She figures out how Grant concocted his alibi, then accidentally finds the imprint of the incriminating letter on the desk blotter. However, Grant returns and wrestles the evidence away from her. He tells her that if she accuses him, he will trump up a murder case against her, based on her jealousy of Barbara and her inheritance under Rich's existing will; but if not, she is free to enjoy Rich's fortune.

title: Fahrenheit 11/9

text: The distributor describes the documentary as "a provocative and comedic look at the times in which we live", referring to the 2016 United States presidential election and the subsequent presidency of Donald Trump. The documentary also explores two questions: How the US progressed to the Trump presidency and how to "get out" of the era of the Trump administration.

title: Why We Want You to Be Rich

text: Prior to their work together on the book, Donald Trump had established himself in the business of real estate development and written "The Art of the Deal", and Robert Kiyosaki authored "The New York Times" best seller "Rich Dad Poor Dad". The coauthors became familiar with each other through encounters at the company The Learning Annex. Trump explained his motivation for wanting to work with Kiyosaki: "Robert wrote a book that was a tremendous success, like 30- some-odd million copies of 'Rich Dad, Poor Dad,' and I wrote a book called 'The Art of the Deal' which was the biggest selling business book of all time and since then I've written a lot of other books and they've all gone into being bestsellers. And we just wanted to join forces." Trump and Kiyosaki published the book as a private business venture together, forming a new company as a partnership called Rich Press. They stated they would allocate a segment of profits from its publication to be given for altruistic purposes. After their initial book venture, Trump and Kiyosaki collaborated on another book, "Midas Touch: Why Some Entrepreneurs Get Rich-And Why Most Don't", published in 2011. "Why We Want You to be Rich" included work from writers Meredith McIver and Sharon Lechter.

title: Donald Trump on social media

text: Other commentators do not agree with the notion that Trump's tweets are distractions. Essayist Frank Rich of "New York" magazine argues that Trump's Tweets (1) are frequently news in themselves; (2) indicate a heightened instability within Trump administration; and (3) are not aimed at news consumers, but rather "are intended to rally his base" of supporters.

title: List of The Daily Show recurring segments

text: The first segment, airing on March 10, took a look at a Donald Trump interview with the New York Times from 1999. In this segment, Trevor shows a bunch of clips of middle class people explaining why they want a rich businessman to be in office and even shows a clip of Trump saying that he loves poor people. They then contrast that notion with Trump saying, in 1999, that "My entire life, I've watched politicians bragging about how poor they are, how they came from nothing, how poor their parents and grandparents were. And I said to myself, if they can stay so poor for so many generations, maybe this isn't the kind of person we want to be electing to higher office. How smart can they be? They're morons."

title: Midas Touch (book)

text: Before publishing this book, Donald Trump was an established businessman in real estate development and wrote "The Art of the Deal" in 1987. His cowriter, Robert Kiyosaki, authored the 1997 the "New York Times" best seller "Rich Dad Poor Dad". They became familiar with each other through encounters at The Learning Annex company. Trump was motivated to work with Kiyosaki by the past success of their respective books. Together, they published "Why We Want You to be Rich" in 2006 as a private business venture and formed the new company Rich Press as a partnership. Trump and Kiyosaki next collaborated on "Midas Touch" to discuss the declining American middle class.

title: Economic policy of Donald Trump

text: In 1999 Trump proposed a massive one-time "net worth tax" on the rich to wipe out the national debt. Elizabeth Warren and Paul Krugman initially agreed with Trump's early positions on taxing the wealthy, but not his published positions going into the election, which dramatically reduced taxes for the wealthy. Paul Krugman wrote in May 2016: "Last fall Mr. Trump suggested that he would break with Republican orthodoxy by raising taxes on the wealthy. But then he unveiled a tax plan that would, in fact, lavish huge tax cuts on the rich. And it would also, according to non-partisan analyses, cause deficits to explode, adding around $10 trillion to the national debt over a decade." In 2011 Trump called for a balanced budget amendment, but it was not part of his campaign website policies.

text: Resistance Is Futile!: How the Trump-Hating Left Lost Its Collective Mind is a 2018 book by Ann Coulter. In it, Coulter argues that the American left has become irrational in its opposition to President Donald J. Trump.

title: John Rich

text: On April 7, 2015, Rich's song "Shuttin' Detroit Down" was featured in Senator Rand Paul's 2016 presidential campaign announcement. He later declared his support for presumptive nominee Donald Trump following Paul's exit from the race. Big & Rich would later perform at a pre-inaugural ceremony on January 19, 2017, after Trump's victory in the general election.

title: Ronald Kessler

text: In January 2011, Kessler wrote a column headlined "Don't Underestimate Donald Trump for President." Additional stories by Kessler in early 2016 took readers behind the scenes with Trump and predicted he would win the presidency and how he would operate as president. In "A Roadmap to Trump's Washington," Kessler described the carrot-and-stick approach Trump used to get his Mar-a-Lago estate approved as a club by Palm Beach Town Council members and predicted he would operate in the same manner as president to win over support for his agenda. In "The Anatomy of a Trump Decision," Kessler depicted how Trump makes decisions by focusing on his decision to turn his Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach into a private club.

title: Cards Against Humanity

text: In August 2016, Cards Against Humanity released two "America Votes" packs for the two presidential candidates: "Vote for Hillary Pack" and "Vote for Trump Pack". Each pack contains 15 cards of jokes about the candidate. Designer Max Temkin said that the proceeds for both packs would go to Clinton's campaign regardless. The group began posting billboards under a political action committee called the Nuisance Committee. Temkin named the PAC after his grandfather who was a Jewish POW in World War II, who formed a "nuisance committee" to try to annoy their Nazi captors without getting killed. In September, the group posted a billboard in Chicago with the words: "If Trump is so rich, how come he didn't buy this billboard?". In October 2016, the Nuisance Committee posted a billboard in Dearborn, Michigan which was printed in Arabic text on a black background, reading "Donald Trump can’t read this, but he is scared of it". An "Overwatch"-themed Anti-Trump billboard was also posted in Orlando, Florida.

title: Donald Trump in popular culture

text: In 2011, rapper Mac Miller released his "Donald Trump" song about rising to Trump-level riches, which became a "Billboard" hit. The billionaire subsequently requested royalties for using his name, starting a feud with Miller.

title: Trump Institute

text: Michael Sexton, Trump's partner in Trump University, said he chose to work with the Milins because they were "the best in the business". But the Milins had a record of previous get-rich-quick schemes and fraud investigations in multiple states dating back to the 1980s.

title: TrumpNation

text: Also during depositions, O'Brien's attorney, Andrew Ceresney, asked Trump about earlier claims made in two ghostwritten books credited to him – "How to Get Rich" (2004) and "Trump 101: The Way to Success" (2006) – which stated that he was $9.2 billion in debt during the early 1990s. Trump stated that the number was a mistake made by ghostwriter Meredith McIver, and that he was unaware of the exact number, but preferred to say "billions". Trump had previously said in 1997, "I owed the banks as much as $9 billion". "The Washington Post" later wrote, "It appeared that Trump had exaggerated the lows, to make his comeback seem even more impressive."

title: A Dangerous Game (2014 film)

text: A Dangerous Game is a 2014 documentary film and a follow-up to "You've Been Trumped". The film was released in September 2014, and continues the story of the locals' struggle against Donald Trump but goes further afield also. It features a story in Dubrovnik, Croatia where a development has been approved to build a luxury golf course on Mount Srđ overlooking Dubrovnik but local residents are campaigning against it and held a referendum which they won but which officials ignored. The film also looks at luxury golf resorts in general, how they damage the natural environment because of high water and pesticide usage, and how they often only serve the super rich whilst bypassing local democracy to please the developers.

title: Katie Rich

text: On January 20, 2017, following President Donald Trump's inauguration, Rich tweeted about Trump's youngest son, 10-year old Barron, saying he "will be this country's first homeschool shooter." NBC quickly suspended Rich and had her name deleted from the "Saturday Night Live" closing credits. After widespread criticism, Rich deleted the tweet and deactivated her account, reactivating it on January 23 with an apology for what she called her "insensitive" and "inexcusable" comments. On January 26, 2017, Trump responded to Rich's tweet by calling Rich "terrible" and saying, "For them to attack, for NBC to attack my 10-year-old son ... It’s a disgrace."

title: Why We Want You to Be Rich

text: "Publishers Weekly" wrote a book review for "Why We Want You to be Rich", commenting, "if it's not exactly Kierkegaardian in scope or language, this collaboration of real estate magnate and rags-to-riches financial guru manages to entertain and to inform." "Publishers" wrote, "Trump and Kiyosaki ... together are a strangely winning combination". The review concluded, "Bottom line: these Messrs. Money-bags know their business. We're talking billionaires here, and really, how can you argue with success?" "Kiplinger's Personal Finance" gave the work a critical book review writing, "unimpressive book. "Why We Want You to Be Rich" is a thinly veiled infomercial for more financial-advice products from Kiyosaki, Trump and their minions." The review noted, "They sell positive thinking and can-do haziness – specific details cost extra."

title: Trump Parc Stamford

text: Thomas Rich stated that he was unable to rename the building as ownership of the condominiums was transferred to purchasers two years earlier. Rich said that the building was managed by Trump's company, The Trump Organization, and that Trump Parc "has a wide cross section of resident owners that represent a variety of races, religious backgrounds and political affiliations." Rich also said that renaming the building would be difficult as it was 90 percent sold.

title: Trump 101

text: Meredith McIver was the ghostwriter on "Trump 101" and other books credited to Trump; she was described by the Trump Organization as "an in-house staff writer" for the company. McIver worked with Trump on writing content for Trump University. Trump University subsequently held the copyrights to "Trump 101: The Way to Success". Other books credited to Trump and written by McIver include "Trump: How to Get Rich" (2004), "Trump: Think Like a Billionaire" (2005), "Trump Never Give Up" (2008), and "Think Like a Champion" (2009). In a 2007 lawsuit against "The New York Times" journalist Timothy O'Brien regarding his work about Trump, "TrumpNation", Trump discussed the ghostwriting aspect of "Trump 101" and "How to Get Rich". During a deposition as part of the lawsuit Trump brought, he placed the fault with McIver for mistakes in both books. Trump asserted that the book's figure of his debt, $9 billion, was inaccurate, and that he was unaware of the matter after reading the book McIver presented to him, admitting: "I read it very quickly. I didn't see it. I would have corrected it, but I didn't see it." Trump said to the questioning lawyer, that he told McIver about the mistake she wrote in the book published under his name: "I told the book writer about it, and she obviously put it in again. She probably forgot. I would love you to question her about it."

title: Last Week Tonight segments about Donald Trump

text: Oliver then examined Trump's options: losing to Hillary Clinton, whom a majority of Americans did not find trustworthy in several opinion polls at percentages almost equal to Trump, and risk ruining his own brand's image of success and wealth in part because of his rhetoric and repeated controversies during the campaign cycle; or resetting his campaign and getting elected President. Oliver argued that the latter option would be even worse for Trump than losing the election, as then he would be burdened with the responsibilities and realities of the position and be miserable about it in large part because Trump would have had to make significant changes to his extravagant and hedonistic lifestyle. Oliver then devoted the remainder of the segment by speaking directly to Trump, restating how both of these outcomes would make Trump miserable. Oliver proposed a third option for Trump, which would be to drop out and demonstrate how his whole campaign was "a satire designed to expose the flaws in the system". Oliver then pointed out how Trump had exposed four particular flaws: campaign financing in American politics, sensationalism in the media, how prominent Republicans have stood by his controversial stances at the risk of their own political careers, and how voters have embraced him for said stances regardless to their opinion of his divisive remarks and policy proposals pertaining to immigrants and Muslims.

title: Trumped (2017 film)

text: Brian Tallerico of RogerEbert.com gave the film two stars out of four and called it a "hastily thrown-together documentary" that was "likely trying to get on the air before Donald Trump has done enough to warrant a sequel or two. It's true that so much has happened on the national scene in just the last ten days that 'Trumped: Inside the Greatest Political Upset of All Time' already feels a bit dated. […] 'Trumped' plays way too much like a highlight reel from the last year, offering not nearly enough insight into the questions surrounding Trump's campaign and now-Presidency. This is more of a movie that chronicles "that" he won, not "how" he won—those are two very different things. Just in the chronicling, a few interesting tidbits and insights come forward, but it was likely too soon to make this movie, as we don't fully comprehend what happened in the Election Year of 2016 quite yet. There will be a "great" documentary about it eventually. This will do until then." Tallerico also wrote, "When the people behind the show offer insight into how Trump is handling issues or how the media is handling him, 'Trumped' comes to life. But that's simply not often enough to recommend it."

title: Why We Want You to Be Rich

text: "The Intercept" wrote critically of the book's advice, including the recommendation by Trump and Kiyosaki to invest in multi-level marketing companies, asserting instead that these are harmful pyramid schemes. "The Intercept" contrasted assertions in the book with promises by Trump during his 2016 campaign for president, writing Trump's later views were contradictory with the work. "San Antonio Express-News" was critical of the contradictory advice imparted in the book, writing, "Trump and Kiyosaki argued that because they were already rich, they had no need to make more money, all the while cashing in on the very books that said so." The paper marveled at the reaction among consumers, "Fans responded to this kind of contradiction by praising both the authors' earlier financial success and their shrewdness in taking advantage of the new opportunity to sell."

title: You've Been Trumped

text: ReelScotland reviewed the film, concluding "an emotive film which shows both what can happen when a Government considers money over its own laws and how those at the sharp end remain resilient throughout". Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film three stars out of four, writing that the most fascinating aspect of the documentary is "Trump’s almost joyous rudeness" and that "the underlying message is that if you are rich and powerful enough, you can run roughshod over tradition and private property rights and buy your place at the table." Stephen Holden wrote in the New York Times that the documentary is an "unabashedly hostile portrait" of Trump, depicting him as "an insensitive, lying bully" who tried to pressure the golf course’s neighbors into sell their properties to him, including threatening them with compulsory purchase orders.

title: Trump: How to Get Rich

text: Trump: How to Get Rich is a 2004 non-fiction book by Donald Trump and Meredith McIver. Like Trump's 16 other publications, it was to an unknown extent ghostwritten. The book was published to take advantage of media attention related to The Apprentice TV series which Trump hosted from January 2004. The book is focused on Trump's fame and public image, and makes statements such as "Emphatically and categorically, no: I do not wear a rug. My hair is 100 per cent mine." While the book forms part of Trump's success creed, it more describes how Trump got richer than being a "how to get rich" guide. The book contains 53 short business "commandments", and finishes with a section dedicated to Trump's role in The Apprentice.

title: Donald Trump in music

text: Trump's name first appeared in hip hop lyrics during the 1980s when the business mogul became an icon of the ultra rich. Among the earliest mentions of Trump in rap lyrics was the Beastie Boys' track "Johnny Ryall" on the 1989 "Paul's Boutique" album, in which they contrast Donald Trump with his homeless alter-ego, Donald Tramp.


query: When was HGTV network started?

title: HGTV

text: Using local Scripps cable franchises (since divested), the Federal Communications Commission "must carry" provisions of Scripps medium-market television stations, and other small television operators to gain cable carriage, the channel launched on December 1, 1994. The major programming themes, unchanged since the beginning, were home building and remodeling, landscaping and gardening, decorating and design, and crafts and hobbies.

title: HGTV

text: Scripps Network Interactive has purchased a majority stake in TVN from Grupa ITI, taking control of company's channels. On 7 January 2017, HGTV has replaced fitness and weather channel TVN Meteo Active. HGTV is referred to in Poland as HGTV Home&Garden. This was the first market in Europe the channel has expanded to.

title: HGTV

text: In 1997, Atlantis Communications and Scripps Networks launched a Canadian version of HGTV as a Category B specialty channel. Through a series of acquisitions over the years, Corus Entertainment became Scripps Networks' partner in the network.

title: HGTV

text: On 1 February 2015, HGTV launched in Australia on Australian IPTV service Fetch TV.[14][15] Programming from the network also airs free-to-air on Nine Network's digital network 9Life.

title: HGTV

text: During its development, the channel was originally named the Home, Lawn, and Garden Channel. The name was later shortened and a logo was developed. The logo was amended in 2010, with this version debuting on March 1 of that year. The square with the "G" in it was removed, the roof was increased in size and the "HGTV" letters are now set in Gotham Black (from the original mixture of Futura and Times New Roman), with the other Gotham fonts being used around the network. The network debuted with a skeletal staff, but with gradual acceptance by other cable operators, it now reaches 94 million households in the United States and has either partner networks, or network interests, in Canada, Japan, and elsewhere. It is now referred to simply as "HGTV"; the full name of the channel is de-emphasized.

title: DIY Network

text: DIY was the second network to be launched by Scripps, following the success of HGTV. In fact, for the first two years the programming consisted of mixed and mashed clips of old HGTV programs while new content was developed. The network offered a large amount of broadband content (originally project worksheets and instruction pages for printout by users, later video clips and more) to create demand for and help cable operators launch their nascent broadband services. The broadband portal was first DIYnet.com, and has since been changed to DIYnetwork.com

title: List of Love It or List It episodes

text: Love It or List It is a Canadian home design TV show currently airing on HGTV, W Network and on OWN Canada. The show is produced by Big Coat Productions and is based in Toronto and other surrounding areas in Ontario, Canada. The show premiered as a primetime program on W Network on September 8, 2008, and has since aired on OWN Canada as well as HGTV in the United States.

title: HGTV Star

text: The contestants compete for their own design show on HGTV, which follows the format of "The Next Food Network Star" on sister channel Food Network. Each week, the judges decide whom to eliminate; and, in Seasons 1-4, Clive Pearse would tell the contestant(s) who had been eliminated, "Your show has been cancelled...please exit the studio."

title: Jim Samples

text: Samples served as President of HGTV from 2007 to 2011. During his tenure, HGTV ranked every year as the #1 network among upscale female viewers in the U.S. At HGTV, Samples broadened the network's programming slate by introducing a series of hits shows including "Love It or List It", "Property Brothers" and "Kitchen Cousins" while greatly expanding the network's hit franchise "House Hunters". He also partnered with the consumer products team to create new off-air brand extensions including "HGTV Magazine", the #1 home magazine in the U.S., and an extensive HGTV-branded product line.

title: HGTV

text: Kenneth W. Lowe (then a radio executive with The E.W. Scripps Company and, subsequently, the chief executive officer of Scripps Networks Interactive) envisioned the concept of HGTV in 1992. With modest financial support from the E.W. Scripps corporate board, he purchased Cinetel, a small video production company in Knoxville, as the base and production hub of the new network. Lowe cofounded the channel with Susan Packard.[3][4]

title: List of Property Brothers episodes

text: "Property Brothers" debuted on the W Network on January 4, 2011, and aired on the channel until its owner, Corus Entertainment, decided to shift the channel's focus to more dramatic content. Starting with 2017/2018 broadcast season, the show began to be broadcast on HGTV Canada in its country of origin. It airs on HGTV in the United States, and with other affiliates in over 150 other countries. The show is also carried on streaming services such as Netflix and Amazon Video.

title: Karen McAloon

text: Karen McAloon (born August 16, 1968) is the designer/host on the television show "Find Your Style" on HGTV (seasons 1& 2: 2007; season 3: 2008), and the designer/host of HGTV's Design Remix that ran from 2005-2007 (7 season, 91 episodes). Karen began on the HGTV Network as a guest landscape designer on five episodes of Landscape Smart in 2004/05. She also designed and hosted six one-hour specials for HGTV, and was a host of the HGTV 2007 Tournament Of Roses Parade live broadcast.

title: HGTV Star

text: HGTV Star, named HGTV Design Star for the first seven seasons, is an American reality competition show airing on the cable television network HGTV. It premiered July 23, 2006, and was canceled after seven seasons.

title: HGTV

text: On November 5, 2010, AT&T U-verse dropped the DIY Network, Cooking Channel, Food Network, Great American Country and HGTV, due to a carriage dispute with Scripps Networks.[8] The carriage dispute was resolved two days later, on November 7, 2010, through a new carriage agreement.[9][10]

title: Krista Watterworth

text: In 2006, Watterworth auditioned for HGTV's "Save My Bath" (formerly "Bad, Bad Bath") and hosted the show for two years. She also hosted the HGTV show "Splurge and Save" and appeared on The Food Network's "." Watterworth has worked regularly with Rob Van Winkle on his show "The Vanilla Ice Project" on DIY Network.

title: Jamie Durie

text: Durie hosted the US PBS series "The Victory Garden" from 2007 to 2010. The show is PBS network's longest running gardening TV series, which equips viewers with the confidence and inspiration to roll up their sleeves and get their hands dirty in the garden and in the kitchen. Durie hosted the dynamic design makeover show "HGTV Showdown" on the HGTV network in 2009.

title: David Bromstad

text: After being laid off as a Disney illustrator, Bromstad started his own company, Bromstad Studio, designing fantasy bedrooms for children. At the urging of a friend, Bromstad moved to Miami Beach and tried out for HGTV's "Design Star", a reality show competition to pick a host for a new show on the HGTV cable network. On "Design Star", Bromstad competed against nine other potential designers, winning the grand prize – a car, and the chance to host his own show on HGTV. In "Color Splash"'s 23rd episode, Bromstad noted that HGTV opted for a second set of 26 episodes.

title: Food Network

text: On January 1, 2010, HGTV and Food Network were removed from cable provider Cablevision, which operates systems serving areas surrounding New York City. Scripps removed HGTV and Food Network from Cablevision following the expiration of the company's carriage contract on December 31, 2009; Cablevision and Scripps had been in negotiations for several months to agree on a new contract, but no progress had been made. The discontinuance of Food Network from Cablevision led the channel to make arrangements with Tribune-owned CW affiliates WPIX in New York City and WTXX in Hartford, Connecticut to broadcast a special episode of "Iron Chef America" with First Lady Michelle Obama on January 10, 2010, after that episode enjoyed high ratings on its January 3 cable premiere. On January 21, 2010, Cablevision and Scripps reached an agreement that resulted in Food Network and HGTV being restored on Cablevision's systems that day.

title: W Network

text: W was best known for producing the "Love It or List It" and "Property Brothers" franchises, which are seen on HGTV in the United States, and have since moved to the Canadian HGTV channel.

title: Scott McGillivray

text: McGillivray is the award winning host and executive producer of hit series "Income Property", a home renovation show on HGTV Canada and the DIY Network (Canada); and HGTV and DIY Network in the United States. He is a judge on HGTV's "All American Handyman" with Mike Holmes and "Canada's Handyman Challenge" along with Mike Holmes, Bryan Baeumler and Paul Lafrance.

title: Daniel Grady Faires

text: He entered the reality television genre in October 2009 when he competed to become DIY Network’s next “Studfinder”. Soon after, he was selected as one of the final 12 contestants for season five of HGTV’s design-based reality television competition "HGTV Design Star", on which he was voted Fan Favorite.

title: Property Brothers

text: Cineflix searched for a distributor, and six months went by with no offers. But then, off the strength of the pilot, the W Network in Canada ordered a full season, while HGTV initially passed. When HGTV noted the show's success in Canada, however, they chose to condense the existing episodes to 30 minutes and air them on a trial basis. After the show scored number-one ratings for its timeslot, the network picked the show up for distribution in the US.

title: HGTV

text: The network primarily broadcasts reality programming related to home improvement and real estate. As of February 2015, approximately 95,628,000 American households (82.2% of households with television) receive HGTV.[1] In 2016, HGTV overtook CNN as the third most-watched cable channel in the United States, behind Fox News and ESPN.[2]

title: HGTV

text: An annual promotion held by the network is the HGTV Dream Home, a sweepstakes which awards a custom-built house as its grand prize.[6]

title: Property Brothers (franchise)

text: The first season premiered on the W Network in January 2013. It debuted on HGTV on August 29, 2012 and had a rating of 8 million viewers in the 25 – 54 age group; it ranked as a top 10 HGTV primetime program among the same viewers. The second season began on December 4, 2013. The fifth season started on July 13, 2016. The sixth season debuted on April 19, 2017. In 2017, the show remained one of HGTV’s top 10 primetime shows. The program was nominated for Lifestyle – Home at the Realscreen Awards in 2014. The show has been renewed for Season 6.

title: Property Brothers

text: Within three weeks of its HGTV debut in the United States, the show was the top rated of the night. By 2015, "Property Brothers" had seen a 77-percent increase in ratings on the W Network over its premiere season. The fifth season attracted more than 10 million US viewers on HGTV in the 25–54 age demographic, and the series consistently ranked as a top five cable program among upscale women in the 25–54 age group. By 2017, "Property Brothers" remained one of HGTV's highest rated shows, was HGTV's number three primetime show, and averaged 2 millions viewers per week.

title: Doris Dear

text: She later travelled to, Paris to model, London to sing, Vegas to perform. She then started hosting her own shows on Food Network, HGTV, Lifetime and a syndicated TV design show.

title: Lori Dennis

text: In addition to her design work, Lori is an influential educator in her field. She has made guest appearances on HGTV, Food Network Channel, Oxygen Network, NBC, KABC and XM Radio and given multiple lectures on green interior design at UCLA, FIDM, Dwell on Design, Alt Build, Design Within Reach and Westweek at the Pacific Design Center. She also joined HGTV as a star of "Real Designing Women", a television show that aired on HGTV Canada, that placed four of the most successful female interior designers working in North America in its spotlight. She has often been invited to speak at events across the globe and is a regular at the Las Vegas Market, Dwell on Design, and High Point Market.

title: Scripps Networks Interactive

text: In 1994, Scripps acquired the Knoxville-based Cinetel Productions to serve as a production base for a new home lifestyle-oriented cable network, which would eventually launch in December as HGTV. Scripps later acquired a stake in the Food Network, and launched a spin-off of HGTV known as DIY Network.

title: Restaurant Makeover

text: Restaurant Makeover is a television series on HGTV Canada which currently airs as reruns on the Food Network Canada and "HGTV Canada", as well as the Fine Living channel and Food Network in the United States, DTour and in over 16 other countries worldwide. The pilot episode starred designer Robin De Groot and chef Brad Long in the Coco's Cafe. Most of the restaurants involved in the series were located in the Greater Toronto Area. The series has been rebooted as "Restaurant Takeover" on Food Network Canada.

title: Heather Armstrong

text: In late 2009, Armstrong announced a partnership with the television network HGTV in which she would "work with HGTV’s online and on-air production teams to create innovative convergence programming for the network." While the bulk of her partnership activities began in the spring of 2010, Armstrong began contributing weekly content to the network's Design Happens blog in February 2010. Her last post on Design Happens was in September 2010.


query: Where does the story of American Horror Story: Murder House take place?

title: American Horror Story

text: The first season, retroactively subtitled Murder House, takes place in Los Angeles, California, during the year 2011, and centers on a family that moves into a house haunted by its deceased former occupants. The second season, subtitled Asylum, takes place in Massachusetts during the year 1964, and follows the stories of the patients and staff of an institution for the criminally insane. The third season, subtitled Coven, takes place in New Orleans, Louisiana, during the year 2013, and follows a coven of witches who face off against those who wish to destroy them. The fourth season, subtitled Freak Show, takes place in Jupiter, Florida, during the year 1952, and centers around one of the last remaining American freak shows and their struggle for survival. The fifth season, subtitled Hotel, takes place in Los Angeles, California, during the year 2015, and focuses on the staff and guests of a supernatural hotel. The sixth season, subtitled Roanoke, takes place in North Carolina during the years 2014–2016, and focuses on the paranormal events that take place at an isolated farmhouse haunted by the deceased Roanoke colony. The seventh season, subtitled Cult, takes place in the fictional suburb of Brookfield Heights, Michigan, during the year 2017, and centers on a cult terrorizing the residents in the aftermath of the 2016 U.S. presidential election. The eighth season, subtitled Apocalypse, takes place in California during the years 2018-2021 and features the return of the witches from Coven as they battle the Antichrist from Murder House and attempt to prevent the apocalypse.

title: List of awards and nominations received by American Horror Story

text:
The Fangoria Chainsaw Award is an accolade that honors the best in horror and thriller films, as well as television series. "American Horror Story" has won one award out of eight nominations.
The GLAAD Media Award is an accolade bestowed by the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) to recognize and honor various branches of the media for their outstanding representations of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community and the issues that affect their lives. "American Horror Story" has won one award out of two nominations.
The Golden Globe Award is an American award by 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. "American Horror Story" has been nominated nine times and has won twice for the performances of Lange and Gaga.
Founded in 1953, the Motion Picture Sound Editors (MPSE) is an honorary society of motion picture sound editors. Since 1989, they present the Golden Reel Awards, in which honors the best work in the various areas of sound editing. "American Horror Story" has received one award from three nominations.
The ICG Publicists Awards, created in 1964, honors excellence in publicity and promotion for motion pictures and television programs. "American Horror Story" has won once.
The "Kerrang!" Awards is an annual award show in the United Kingdom, founded by the music magazine, "Kerrang!". The first season, Murder House, was nominated once.
The Key Art Awards is an annual collection of honors given for outstanding achievement in artwork and other promotional materials advertising movies. The awards are sponsored by "The Hollywood Reporter". "American Horror Story" has received seven awards from 27 nominations.
The Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild is an American labor union representing make-up artists and hair stylist in feature films, television programs, commercials, live network events and theatrical productions. "American Horror Story" has won fourteen awards out of twenty-one nominations.
The MTV Fandom Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 2014 by mtvU. Gaga has been nominated once.
The MTV Movie & TV Awards are an annual film and television awards show presented on MTV. The nominees are decided by producers and executives at MTV, and winners are decided online by the general public.
The NAACP Image Award was established in 1967 and is an accolade presented by the American National Association for the Advancement of Colored People to honor outstanding people of color in film, television, music, and literature. "American Horror Story" has received five nominations.
The NewNowNext Awards is an American annual entertainment award show, presented by the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-themed channel Logo. Launched in 2008, the awards are presented both for LGBT-specific and general interest achievements in entertainment and pop culture. Lange has been nominated once for her role in "American Horror Story".
The People's Choice Awards is an awards show recognizing the people and the work of popular culture. "American Horror Story" has received one award out of six nominations.
The Poppy Awards, formerly known as the EWwys, honors the Emmy-snubbed shows and actors of the year. "American Horror Story" has received two awards from three nominations.

title: The Dunwich Horror

text: "The Dunwich Horror" is a horror short story by American writer H. P. Lovecraft. Written in 1928, it was first published in the April 1929 issue of "Weird Tales" (pp. 481–508). It takes place in Dunwich, a fictional town in Massachusetts. It is considered one of the core stories of the Cthulhu Mythos.

title: The Twilight of the Grey Gods

text: While little known, this story can be regarded as a turning point in the timeline of Howard's universe. While even in his stories that take place in incredibly ancient times, the horror, supernatural and Cthulhu mythos elements are seen as survivals from older, more horrible epochs. It can be perceived that in stories that take place later, such elements are viewed as even more horrible and abnormal. (Compare the view of the supernatural in the Kull or Conan the Barbarian stories, with that in the Solomon Kane tales or in "The Black Stone" or "The Children of the Night" for instance.) The notable exception being "Worms of the Earth" where, in the fourth or fifth century, even a hard bitten hero like Bran Mak Morn finds horror beyond his ability to stand.

title: American Horror Story: Murder House

text: "American Horror Story" November 2011 international premiere across Europe and Latin America, on Fox International Channels, drew rankings of 1st or 2nd among all Pay-TV in most metered markets for its time slot. In the UK, it premiered on non-terrestrial channel FX, with 128,200 viewers. The second episode saw an increase of 27%, receiving an overall viewership of 158,700.

title: List of American Horror Story: Murder House characters

text: For her performance in "Murder House", Britton was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie in 2012.

title: Murder House (American Horror Story)

text: "Murder House" is the third episode of the first season of the television series American Horror Story, which premiered on the network FX on October 19, 2011. The episode was written by Jennifer Salt and directed by Bradley Buecker. This episode is rated TV-MA (LSV).

title: American Horror Story: Cult

text: American Horror Story: Cult is the seventh season of the FX horror anthology television series "American Horror Story". It premiered on September 5, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. The series was renewed on October 4, 2016. The subtitle "Cult" was announced on July 20, 2017. This season takes place in the fictional suburb of Brookfield Heights, Michigan, during the year 2017, and centers on a cult terrorizing the residents in the aftermath of the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

title: American Horror Story

text: American Horror Story's title screens offer vague hints to important plot elements and events that compose each season. For Murder House, Murphy described the sequence as a mini-mystery and stated that: "By the time you see the ninth episode of this season, every image in that title sequence will be explained," establishing the purpose of the title sequence for future seasons.[96]

title: American Horror Story

text: Principal photography for the fifth season began on July 14, 2015, in Los Angeles, California, where the story also takes place.[89] Murphy revealed a six-story hotel set was being built on the Fox lot. A dummy set of the hotel was built at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con, showing an Art Deco style building from the 1920s, inspired by the old Hollywood era.[90]

title: Apocalypse Then

text: Ron Hogan of "Den of Geek" gave the episode a 4/5, saying, "The finale of "American Horror Story"'s most ambitious season manages to mash together two different series, marry separate mythologies, and somehow form a coherent season out of the chocolate and peanut butter of "Murder House" and "Coven"." He added, "Writers Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk aren't reinventing the wheel, but time travel does give the two an opportunity to bring back Jessica Lange as Constance again. Her exchanges with Michael are some of the best on the show" before concluding by "Even though the episode leans towards voiceover by the end, as Mallory explains her status as the Billy Pilgrim of the "American Horror Story" universe, it's still a very satisfying ending."

title: Murder House (American Horror Story)

text: Hayden arrives at the house and is killed by Larry. He buries Hayden in the hole Ben had dug, where Moira is also buried. Ben builds a gazebo over the spot, and Constance taunts Moira, telling her that now she is stuck in the house forever.

title: Murder House (American Horror Story)

text: on IMDb at TV.com at TV Guide.com

title: Murder House (American Horror Story)

text: Rotten Tomatoes reports a 67% approval rating, based on 6 reviews.[3] Matt Fowler, in his review for IGN, gave the episode an overall score of 7.5, stating that, ""Murder House" took a bit of a step backwards from the forward momentum we got in "Home Invasion", but it still offered up some wickedly puzzling frights and gave us all a new past atrocity to mull over."[4] Todd VanDerWerff from The A.V. Club gave the episode a D+ grade, and said that American Horror Story is "a terrible, messed-up television show. And yet by doing virtually everything horribly, it becomes preposterously entertaining."[5]

title: American Horror Story: Murder House

text: American Horror Story: Murder House (originally titled as American Horror Story) is the first season of the FX television series "American Horror Story". It aired between October 5, and December 21, 2011. The season was produced by 20th Century Fox Television, and the executive producers were Dante Di Loreto and series creators Brad Falchuk and Ryan Murphy.

title: Open House (American Horror Story)

text: Violet shares the photos of the Montgomerys with Vivien, who is shocked to find that she recognizes Nora as one of the interested buyers for the house ("Murder House").

title: American Horror Story: Coven

text: American Horror Story: Coven is the third season of the FX horror anthology television series "American Horror Story". It premiered on October 9, 2013, and concluded on January 29, 2014. The season takes place in 2013, in New Orleans, and follows a Coven of Salem witches as they fight for survival. It also features flashbacks to the 1830s, 1910s, 1960s, 1970s and 1990s.

title: American Horror Story: Cult

text: It was later confirmed that the season would be set in the aftermath of the presidential election, with the first episode taking place on election night. Murphy explained it will be about "the fallout of that night, which to many people, from all sides of the camps is a horror story." He also revealed the season would not feature Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton, stating ""Horror Story" is always about allegory, so the election is allegory." In April 2017, Murphy confirmed that archive footage of the election night would be used in the season premiere.

title: American Horror Story: Murder House

text: "American Horror Story: Murder House" received generally positive reviews from critics. The first episode scored 62 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 30 reviews. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 73% approval rating with an average rating of 6.6/10 based on 39 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Convoluted yet effective, "American Horror Story" is strange, gory, and twisted enough to keep viewers hooked." Ken Tucker from "Entertainment Weekly" awarded the pilot episode a B+, stating, ""AHS" is pretty much all scare, all the time: a whole lotta screams, sex, jolts, mashed faces, psychotic behavior, and dead babies." Chuck Barney of the "San Jose Mercury News" said, "Most TV shows, after all, quickly fade from memory. This one will haunt your dreams." Hank Stuever from "The Washington Post" said in his review, "Overdoing things is one of Murphy's trademark flaws, but this show has a captivating style and giddy gross-outs." "The New York Times" Mike Hale called the show "a more classically minded chiller," taking into mind the success of HBO's "True Blood" and AMC's "The Walking Dead". However, not all reviews were favorable. Alan Sepinwall of HitFix gave the series a D−, saying, "It is so far over the top that the top is a microscopic speck in its rearview mirror."

title: Murder House (American Horror Story)

text: The Harmons' finances take a blow, making moving impractical. Meanwhile, Ben falls asleep during an appointment and wakes up in the yard having dug a hole, but with no memory.

title: American Horror Story

text: Roanoke featured no title sequence or opening credits, instead opting for a simple title card from the first season, Murder House, while the series theme music plays over the end credits. At the end of the finale's credits, the title of the season "American Horror Story: Roanoke" was revealed.

title: Return to Murder House

text: "Return to Murder House" is the sixth episode of the of the anthology television series "American Horror Story". It aired on October 17, 2018, on the cable network FX. The episode was written by Crystal Liu, and directed by Sarah Paulson.

title: Resident Evil (2002 video game)

text: Resident Evil, known in Japan as Biohazard, is a survival horror video game developed and published by Capcom. Released for the GameCube video game console in 2002, it is a remake of the 1996 PlayStation game "Resident Evil", the first installment in the "Resident Evil" video game series. The story takes place in 1998 near the fictional Midwestern town of Raccoon City where a series of bizarre murders have taken place. The player takes on the role of either Chris Redfield or Jill Valentine, S.T.A.R.S. agents sent in by the city to investigate the murders.

title: Ghost Quartet

text: The show tells four interwoven stories: "a warped fairy tale about two sisters, a treehouse astronomer and a lazy evil bear; a retelling of Edgar Allan Poe's "The Fall of the House of Usher"; a purgatorial intermezzo about Scheherazade and the ghost of Thelonious Monk; and a contemporary fable about a subway murder." The story does not take place in chronological order.

title: Murder House (American Horror Story)

text: In its original American broadcast, the third episode of American Horror Story was seen by an estimated 2.58 million household viewers and gained a 1.5 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, according to Nielsen Media Research. The episode rose a tenth from the previous episode.[6]

title: Secret passage

text: Carolyn Wells' "impossible crime" stories from the first decades of the 20th century, such as "Faulkner's Folly" (1917) are often set in an upper class country house, where a murder takes place. There is a closed circle of suspects, all linked to the murdered man; however, based on the layout of the house, the murder seems "impossible". In Wells' stories, the solution to the seemingly impossible crime plots tend to depend on the murderers' use of secret passageways, secret panels, and hidden doors.

text: For his performance in "Murder House", McDermott was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television.

title: American Horror Story: Murder House

text: In its first season, "American Horror Story" was nominated for 65 awards, and won 19.

title: American Horror Story: Murder House

text: On October 30, 2016, Murphy announced that a future crossover season of the series would continue the "Murder House" and "Coven" stories, merging their characters and themes. He did not state which season it would be, but that he had already reached out to actors from both seasons to reprise their respective roles. Murphy later confirmed one of the "Murder House" characters will be moved in the season finale of "Coven". However, on January 5, 2018, it was initially announced that the crossover season will be taking place in the ninth season, but on June 14, 2018, the crossover was moved from Season 9 to the eighth season, "" instead.

title: American Horror Story

text: On August 16, 2016, FX announced a deal had been struck to feature an American Horror Story exhibit at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Orlando for their Halloween Horror Nights. The maze will feature sets and themes from Murder House, Freak Show, and Hotel. Universal said of the experience, "Twisted scenes from Murder House will unleash the evil spirits that possess the Harmon estate, spiraling guests through decades of the tortured dead who previously resided there. In Freak Show, guests will join a troupe of biological misfits in a sinister sideshow where they'll be stalked by the murderous and deformed Twisty the Clown. Finally, guests will succumb to the warped desires of The Countess after checking into the haunted Hotel Cortez, conceived from the beginning as a torture chamber for its customers."[109]


query: Who developed the first wind turbine to create electricity?

title: History of wind power

text: Across the Atlantic, in Cleveland, Ohio a larger and heavily engineered machine was designed and constructed in the winter of 1887–1888 by Charles F. Brush,[20] this was built by his engineering company at his home and operated from 1886 until 1900.[21] The Brush wind turbine had a rotor 17 m (56 foot) in diameter and was mounted on an 18 m (60 foot) tower. Although large by today's standards, the machine was only rated at 12kW; it turned relatively slowly since it had 144 blades. The connected dynamo was used either to charge a bank of batteries or to operate up to 100 incandescent light bulbs, three arc lamps, and various motors in Brush's laboratory. The machine fell into disuse after 1900 when electricity became available from Cleveland's central stations, and was abandoned in 1908.[22]

title: Wind power in Texas

text: Many areas in Texas have wind conditions allowing for development of wind power generation. The number of commercially attractive sites has expanded as wind turbine technology has improved and development costs continue to drop. (→ Cost of electricity by source#United States) Particularly in southern Texas, the difference between land and off-shore air temperatures creates convection currents that generate significant winds during the middle of the day when electricity usage is typically at its peak level. Although these winds are less than in West Texas, they occur more predictably, more in correlation with consumption, and closer to consumers. Several wind farms have been developed at the Texas coast, to a combined 3,000 MW.

title: Unconventional wind turbines

text: Most wind turbines around the world belong to individuals or corporations who use them to generate electric power or to perform mechanical work. As such, wind turbines are primarily working devices. However, the large size and height above surroundings of modern industrial wind turbines, combined with their moving rotors, often makes them conspicuous. A few localities have exploited the attention-getting nature of wind turbines, either by putting visitor centers on their bases, or by providing viewing areas. The wind turbines themselves are generally of conventional horizontal-axis, three-bladed design, and generate power to feed electrical grids, but they also serve the unconventional roles of technology demonstration, public relations, and education.

title: History of wind power

text: From 1974 through the mid-1980s the United States government worked with industry to advance the technology and enable large commercial wind turbines. The NASA wind turbines were developed under a program to create a utility-scale wind turbine industry in the U.S. With funding from the National Science Foundation and later the United States Department of Energy (DOE), a total of 13 experimental wind turbines were put into operation, in four major wind turbine designs. This research and development program pioneered many of the multi-megawatt turbine technologies in use today, including: steel tube towers, variable-speed generators, composite blade materials, partial-span pitch control, as well as aerodynamic, structural, and acoustic engineering design capabilities. The large wind turbines developed under this effort set several world records for diameter and power output. The MOD-2 wind turbine cluster of three turbines produced 7.5 megawatts of power in 1981. In 1987, the MOD-5B was the largest single wind turbine operating in the world with a rotor diameter of nearly 100 meters and a rated power of 3.2 megawatts. It demonstrated an availability of 95 percent, an unparalleled level for a new first-unit wind turbine. The MOD-5B had the first large-scale variable speed drive train and a sectioned, two-blade rotor that enabled easy transport of the blades. The 4 megawatt WTS-4 held the world record for power output for over 20 years. Although the later units were sold commercially, none of these two-bladed machines were ever put into mass production. When oil prices declined by a factor of three from 1980 through the early 1990s,[34] many turbine manufacturers, both large and small, left the business. The commercial sales of the NASA/Boeing Mod-5B, for example, came to an end in 1987 when Boeing Engineering and Construction announced they were "planning to leave the market because low oil prices are keeping windmills for electricity generation uneconomical."[35]

title: Lake Erie

text: Strong winds have caused lake currents to shift sediment on the bottom, leading to "wickedly shifting sandbars" that have been the cause of shipwrecks. But winds can have a peaceful purpose as well; there have been proposals to place electricity–producing wind turbines in windy and shallow points in the lake and along the coast, both in the United States and Canada. In 2010, there were plans for GE to develop five wind turbines to generate 20 megawatts of power by 2012 with plans to generate 1,000 megawatts by 2020; one proposal called for "gearless turbines" with 176-foot long blades helped along with magnets. A nonprofit development group near Cleveland was developing plans to construct hundreds of turbines in the lake. A former steel mill site on the eastern edge of the lake in Buffalo, NY has been redeveloped as an urban wind farm in 2007. Known as Steel Winds, the project currently houses 14 turbines capable of generating up to 35 megawatts of electricity. A plan by Samsung to build an offshore wind farm on the north shore of the lake, from Port Maitland to Nanticoke for a distance of , but the plan has been met with opposition from residents for a number of reasons. Canadians near Leamington and Kingsville have organized protest groups to thwart attempts to bring wind turbines to the lake; reasons against the turbines include spoiling lake views as well as possible adverse effects regarding drinking water and commercial fishing. Plans to install turbines in Pigeon Bay, south of Leamington were met with opposition as well. The notion that bird and bat migration may be hurt by the wind turbines has been used to argue against the wind turbines; a reporter in "The Globe and Mail" wrote "Given the tendency of turbines to make mincemeat of things airborne, it doesn't require great imagination to figure out what would happen."

title: Electricity sector in Sri Lanka

text: Unlike other power sources, power developments from this source would face many challenges during its development timeline. Poor accessibility to potential sites is the first obstacle in the development of a wind farm. Most key transport routes around the country are too narrow or is constructed with tight turns to support transportation of turbines larger than . Constructing wind farms with turbines smaller than the current commercial-scale megawatt-class turbines would prove to be uneconomical due to the high cost incurred during development.

title: Wind power

text: Wind turbines are devices that convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical power. The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of horizontal axis and vertical axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making small contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, have become an increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used in many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.

title: Wind turbine

text: The first electricity-generating wind turbine was a battery charging machine installed in July 1887 by Scottish academic James Blyth to light his holiday home in Marykirk, Scotland. Some months later American inventor Charles F. Brush was able to build the first automatically operated wind turbine after consulting local University professors and colleagues Jacob S. Gibbs and Brinsley Coleberd and successfully getting the blueprints peer-reviewed for electricity production in Cleveland, Ohio. Although Blyth's turbine was considered uneconomical in the United Kingdom, electricity generation by wind turbines was more cost effective in countries with widely scattered populations.

title: Continual power system

text: A turbine is a set of blades that are forced to turn from an external force. When the blades start turning, the shaft which this is connected to starts to spin, and the connecting generator then creates electricity. Examples of external forces that can be used to get the turbines going include wind, water, steam and gas. Turbines can be used in creating a continual power system because as long as the turbine blades turn, electricity is being created.

title: Bahrain World Trade Center

text: The two towers are linked via three skybridges, each holding a 225 kW wind turbine, totalling to 675 kW of wind power capacity. Each of these turbines measure in diameter, and is aligned north, which is the direction from which air from the Persian Gulf blows in. The sail-shaped buildings on either side are designed to funnel wind through the gap to provide accelerated wind passing through the turbines. This was confirmed by wind tunnel tests, which showed that the buildings create an S-shaped flow, ensuring that any wind coming within a 45° angle to either side of the central axis will create a wind stream that remains perpendicular to the turbines. This significantly increases their potential to generate electricity.

title: History of wind power

text: The first wind turbine used for the production of electricity was built in Scotland in July 1887 by Prof James Blyth of Anderson's College, Glasgow (the precursor of Strathclyde University).[18] Blyth's 10 m high, cloth-sailed wind turbine was installed in the garden of his holiday cottage at Marykirk in Kincardineshire and was used to charge accumulators developed by the Frenchman Camille Alphonse Faure, to power the lighting in the cottage,[18] thus making it the first house in the world to have its electricity supplied by wind power.[19] Blyth offered the surplus electricity to the people of Marykirk for lighting the main street, however, they turned down the offer as they thought electricity was "the work of the devil."[18] Although he later built a wind turbine to supply emergency power to the local Lunatic Asylum, Infirmary and Dispensary of Montrose, the invention never really caught on as the technology was not considered to be economically viable.[18]

title: Sustainable energy

text:
Wind energy research dates back several decades to the 1970s when NASA developed an analytical model to predict wind turbine power generation during high winds. Today, both Sandia National Laboratories and National Renewable Energy Laboratory have programs dedicated to wind research. Sandia’s laboratory focuses on the advancement of materials, aerodynamics, and sensors. The NREL wind projects are centered on improving wind plant power production, reducing their capital costs, and making wind energy more cost effective overall.
The Field Laboratory for Optimized Wind Energy (FLOWE) at Caltech was established to research renewable approaches to wind energy farming technology practices that have the potential to reduce the cost, size, and environmental impact of wind energy production. The president of Sky WindPower Corporation thinks that wind turbines will be able to produce electricity at a cent/kWh at an average which in comparison to coal-generated electricity is a fractional of the cost.
A wind farm is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electric power. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines, and cover an extended area of hundreds of square miles, but the land between the turbines may be used for agricultural or other purposes. A wind farm may also be located offshore.

title: Wind turbines on public display

text: The great majority of wind turbines around the world belong to individuals or corporations who use them to generate electric power or to perform mechanical work. As such, wind turbines are primarily designed to be working devices. However, the large size and height above surroundings of modern industrial wind turbines, combined with their moving rotors, often makes them among the most conspicuous objects in their areas. A few localities have exploited the attention-getting nature of wind turbines by placing them on public display, either with visitor centers on their bases, or with viewing areas farther away. The wind turbines themselves are generally of conventional horizontal-axis, three-bladed design, and generate power to feed electrical grids, but they also serve the unconventional roles of technology demonstration, public relations, and education.Some wind turbines on public display go one further, with observation decks beneath their nacelles. The observation decks are accessed with stairs inside the tower.

title: Turbomachinery

text: Windmills- Also known as a wind turbine, windmills are increasing in popularity for their ability to efficiently use the wind to generate electricity. Although they come in many shapes and sizes, the most common one is the large three-blade. The blades work on the same principle as an airplane wing. As wind passes over the blades, it creates an area of low and high pressure, causing the blade to move, spinning a shaft and creating electricity. It is most like a steam turbine, but work with an infinite supply of wind.

title: Wind power in China

text:
By the end of 2008, at least 15 Chinese companies were commercially producing wind turbines and several dozen more were producing components.
Turbine sizes of 1.5 MW to 3 MW became common.
Leading wind power companies in China were Goldwind, Dongfang Electric, and Sinovel along with most major foreign wind turbine manufacturers.
China also increased production of small-scale wind turbines to about 80,000 turbines in 2008.
Through all these developments, the Chinese wind industry appeared unaffected by the global financial crisis, according to industry observers.

title: Østfold Energi

text: Østfold Energi is co-owner of Kvalheim Kraft DA who owns and operates the windmill park Mehuken in Sogn og Fjordane on the west coast of Norway. The wind farm was opened in 2001 with five wind turbines. In 2010 the wind farm was extended with additional eight wind turbines. The annual production of electricity is now 65 GWh. The approximately 3,000 households in the Vågsøy municipality are now self-supported with electricity from the wind turbines at Mehuken.

title: Wind power

text: In a wind farm, individual turbines are interconnected with a medium voltage (often 34.5 kV), power collection system and communications network. In general, a distance of 7D (7 × Rotor Diameter of the Wind Turbine) is set between each turbine in a fully developed wind farm. At a substation, this medium-voltage electric current is increased in voltage with a transformer for connection to the high voltage electric power transmission system.

title: NASA wind turbines

text:
Starting in 1975, NASA managed a program for the United States Department of Energy and the United States Department of Interior to develop utility-scale wind turbines for electric power, in response to the increase in oil prices.
A number of the world's largest wind turbines were developed and tested under this pioneering program. The program was an attempt to leap well beyond the then-current state of the art of wind turbine generators, and developed a number of technologies later adopted by the wind turbine industry. The development of the commercial industry however was delayed by a significant decrease in competing energy prices during the 1980s.

title: Windmill

text:
A wind turbine is a windmill-like structure specifically developed to generate electricity. They can be seen as the next step in the development of the windmill. The first wind turbines were built by the end of the nineteenth century by Prof James Blyth in Scotland (1887), Charles F. Brush in Cleveland, Ohio (1887–1888) and Poul la Cour in Denmark (1890s). La Cour's mill from 1896 later became the local powerplant of the village Askov. By 1908 there were 72 wind-driven electric generators in Denmark, ranging from 5 to 25 kW. By the 1930s, windmills were widely used to generate electricity on farms in the United States where distribution systems had not yet been installed, built by companies such as Jacobs Wind, Wincharger, Miller Airlite, Universal Aeroelectric, Paris-Dunn, Airline, and Winpower. The Dunlite Corporation produced turbines for similar locations in Australia.
Forerunners of modern horizontal-axis utility-scale wind generators were the WIME-3D in service in Balaklava USSR from 1931 until 1942, a 100-kW generator on a 30-m (100-ft) tower, the Smith–Putnam wind turbine built in 1941 on the mountain known as Grandpa's Knob in Castleton, Vermont, United States of 1.25 MW and the NASA wind turbines developed from 1974 through the mid-1980s. The development of these 13 experimental wind turbines pioneered many of the wind turbine design technologies in use today, including: steel tube towers, variable-speed generators, composite blade materials, and partial-span pitch control, as well as aerodynamic, structural, and acoustic engineering design capabilities. The modern wind power industry began in 1979 with the serial production of wind turbines by Danish manufacturers Kuriant, Vestas, Nordtank, and Bonus. These early turbines were small by today's standards, with capacities of 20–30 kW each. Since then, commercial turbines have increased greatly in size, with the Enercon E-126 capable of delivering up to 7 MW, while wind turbine production has expanded to many countries.

title: GE Wind (offshore)

text: In March 2012 a prototype of Alstom "Haliade 150" 6MW offshore turbine was formally inaugurated; the turbine was developed for large scale offshore wind projects off the French coast; in January 2011 Alstom joined a consortium led by EDF Energies Nouvelles as turbine supplier (also including Dong Energy, Nass & Wind, WPD Offshore) to bid for proposed offshore wind farms in France of 6GW capacity. The "Haliade 150" turbine was a development of the previous mechanically isolated transmission designs developed by Ecotècnia; the gearbox driven electrically generator was omitted and replaced with a gearless direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator designed for higher efficiency and greater reliability with fewer moving parts. The turbine uses 73.5m turbine blades from LM Wind Power.

title: Biglow Canyon Wind Farm

text: In 2005, Orion Energy announced plans to develop a 450-megawatt wind farm with 225 turbines at Biglow Canyon in the Columbia River Gorge, at the time the largest project of its kind in Oregon. Portland General Electric (PGE) acquired Orion's development right to the $200 million project in 2006. In November 2006, PGE purchased the first 76 turbines for the project from Vestas, with the project cost increasing to an estimated $256 million for the first phase. PGE broke ground on the site in February 2007. In the middle of October 2007, ten Vestas V82 wind turbines were energized to produce the first electricity at Biglow. The last of the 76 turbines in the first-phase of the wind farm development became operational in December 2007.

title: Environmental impact of electricity generation

text: Wind power harnesses mechanical energy from the constant flow of air over the surface of the earth. Wind power stations generally consist of wind farms, fields of wind turbines in locations with relatively high winds. A primary publicity issue regarding wind turbines are their older predecessors, such as the Altamont Pass Wind Farm in California. These older, smaller, wind turbines are rather noisy and densely located, making them very unattractive to the local population. The downwind side of the turbine does disrupt local low-level winds. Modern large wind turbines have mitigated these concerns, and have become a commercially important energy source. Many homeowners in areas with high winds and expensive electricity set up small wind turbines to reduce their electric bills.

title: Lynemouth power station

text: In 2006 a proposal was made by Hawthorn Power, an offshoot of UK Coal, to construct three tall wind turbines on an unused part of the station's coal sorting area, north of the power station. Permission was granted for the turbines in February 2008. In July 2010, it was revealed that the project's new developer, Clipper Windpower, would be using the site to erect the country's first super-efficient wind turbines, called Liberty Wind Turbine. However, this meant the height of the turbines would increase from to . Each turbine would have a rating of 2.5 MW, but only three turbines would be built. The wind farm would produce enough electricity to provide power for 1,690 houses. One turbine is expected to be erected initially, while environmental issues are assessed.

title: James Blyth (engineer)

text: Professor James Blyth MA, LLD, FRSE FRSSA (4 April 1839 – 15 May 1906) was a Scottish electrical engineer and academic at Anderson's College, now the University of Strathclyde, in Glasgow. He was a pioneer in the field of electricity generation through wind power and his wind turbine, which was used to light his holiday home in Marykirk, was the world's first-known structure by which electricity was generated from wind power. Blyth patented his design and later developed an improved model which served as an emergency power source at Montrose Lunatic Asylum, Infirmary & Dispensary for the next 30 years. Although Blyth received recognition for his contributions to science, electricity generation by wind power was considered uneconomical and no more wind turbines were built in the United Kingdom until 1951, some 64 years after Blyth built his first prototype.

title: NASA wind turbines

text: In 1977 Boeing won the NASA and US-DOE contract for the design, fabrication, construction, installation and testing of several 2.5-megawatt wind turbine models in the United States. The first four MOD-2 models went into operation during the early 1980s. The dedication ceremony for the first three turbines was held on April 17, 1980, at Goodnoe Hills, Washington. On September 2, 1982, a fourth began operating at Medicine Bow, Wyoming. The Bonneville Power Administration bought the generated electricity of the Goodnoe Hills turbines and integrated it into the regional power grid. During the periods of May 1981, the three turbines at the Goodnoe Hills site formed the first wind farm in the world. The Goodnoe Hills site was primarily a research project for Boeing, Bonneville Power Administration, NASA and the Battelle Memorial Institute. The Solar Energy Research Institute also evaluated the suitability of megawatt-class wind turbines as a source of electricity. During 1986, the MOD-2 wind turbines of Goodnoe Hills were dismantled. In 1985, the last full year of operation, the combined electrical output of the three turbines was 8,251 megawatt-hours. The Medicine Bow MOD-2 wind turbine was sold for scrap in 1987. In 2008, the Goodnoe Hills Wind Farm opened on the same site with 47 REpower 2.0 MW wind turbines for a combined nameplate capacity of 94 MW. enXco/Power Holdings owns the wind farm, with PacifiCorp as the power purchaser.

title: Energy development

text: Wind power harnesses the power of the wind to propel the blades of wind turbines. These turbines cause the rotation of magnets, which creates electricity. Wind towers are usually built together on wind farms. There are offshore and onshore wind farms. Global wind power capacity has expanded rapidly to 336 GW in June 2014, and wind energy production was around 4% of total worldwide electricity usage, and growing rapidly.

title: Cielo Wind Power

text: Cielo Wind Power has capitalized $1.4 billion and has installed 1,068 wind turbines on over with its first ten projects from 1998 to 2008. Cielo Wind Power has developed and installed 1,149 MW of wind-generated electricity throughout the Southwest. Two out of every three wind turbines installed in Texas from 1994 through 2004 were developed by Cielo.

title: Wind power in the United States

text: NREL has also recently signed agreements with Siemens Power Generation and First Wind, a wind power developer. Siemens is launching a new research and development facility in nearby Boulder, Colorado, and has agreed to locate and test a commercial-scale wind turbine at NREL's National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). First Wind (formerly called UPC Wind Partners, LLC) owns and operates the 30-megawatt Kaheawa Wind Power farm in West Maui, Hawaii, and has agreed to let the NWTC establish a Remote Research Affiliate Partner Site at the facility. The Maui satellite of NWTC will collaborate with First Wind on studies to develop advanced wind energy technologies, including energy storage and integration of renewable electric power into Maui's electrical grid.[75]

title: Cedar Creek Wind Farm

text: The first phase has 221 1MW wind turbines (produced by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) and 53 1.5MW turbines (produced by General Electric), and the second phase has an additional 63 1.6MW SLE turbines from General Electric, and 60 2.5MW from German wind turbine supplier Nordex.

title: Doubly-fed electric machine

text: Doubly fed electrical generators are similar to AC electrical generators, but have additional features which allow them to run at speeds slightly above or below their natural synchronous speed. This is useful for large variable speed wind turbines, because wind speed can change suddenly. When a gust of wind hits a wind turbine, the blades try to speed up, but a synchronous generator is locked to the speed of the power grid and cannot speed up. So large forces are developed in the hub, gearbox, and generator as the power grid pushes back. This causes wear and damage to the mechanism. If the turbine is allowed to speed up immediately when hit by a wind gust, the stresses are lower and the power from the wind gust is converted to useful electricity.

title: Wind power in Thailand

text: In 1983, Thailand had its first set of electricity generating wind turbines, consisting of six turbines, installed at Laem Phromthep in Phuket Province by EGAT as a pilot project. The generated electricity was used to power nearby research stations. The outcome was satisfying, so in 1988 EGAT planned to connect the turbines to the power grid of the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA), and in 1990 they started operating. This was the first time Thailand had electricity generated by wind power supplying the power grid. Later, in 1992, two more turbines with 10 kW of capacity were installed and connected to the grid.