query: Who created the Gundam animated series?

title: Gundam

text: Gundam(Japanese:ガンダム,Hepburn:Gandamu), also known as the Gundam series(ガンダムシリーズ,Gandamu Shirīzu), is a science fiction media franchise created by Sunrise that features giant robots (mecha) with the name "Gundam" (after the original titular mecha). The franchise began on April 7, 1979 with Mobile Suit Gundam, a TV series that defined the "real robot" mecha anime genre by featuring giant robots called mobile suits in a militaristic setting. The popularity of the series and its merchandise spawned a franchise that includes television series, OVAs, films, manga, novels and video games, as well as a whole industry of model robots known as Gunpla (plastic Gundam model).

title: List of Mobile Suit Victory Gundam episodes

text: "Mobile Suit Victory Gundam" is a 1993 Japanese science fiction anime television series created and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino and produced by Bandai Visual, Sotsu Agency, Sunrise, and TV Asahi with music production by Starchild Records and Apollon. Spanning 51 episodes, "Mobile Suit Victory Gundam" is the final television series following the Universal Century timeline in the Gundam franchise. The series premiered in Japan on TV Asahi on April 2, 1993 and concluded on March 25, 1994.

title: Mobile Suit Gundam 00

text: After a sneak preview of "Gundam 00" on September 1, 2007, Anime News Network remarked on "striking parallels" between the series and an earlier installment of the metaseries, "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing" (1995): "Like Gundam Wing, Gundam 00's main story begins with hyper-powerful Gundam units appearing at various locales to execute slightly-less-than-Dynasty-Warriors-level mayhem in synchronized phases of a paramilitary operation." Later on October 21, 2007, Carl Kimlinger of Anime News Network remarked that "its political flavour ... is distinctly post-9/11", noting the political and cultural similarities between the series and our modern society. Critics have praised the series for the smooth, detailed visual effects and animation.

title: Gundam

text: Bandai, Gundam's primary licensee, produces a variety of products.[27] Other companies produce unofficial merchandise, such as toys, models and T-shirts. Products include Mobile Suit In Action (MSiA) action figures and Gundam model kits in several scales and design complexities. Each series generally has its own set of products, MSiA and model lines such as Master Grade and High Grade Universal Century may extend across series. The most popular action-figure line has been the Gundam Fix series, which includes the mecha in the animated series, manga and novels and accessories to create an updated version. In addition to Master Grade and High Grade Gundams, Bandai released a 30th-anniversary series of Gundam models in 2010.[28] The Real Grade (RG) Gundam series combined the Master Grade's detailed inner structure with additional colour separation, making the 1:144-scale series complex in design and compact in size. After the introduction of the RG Gundam series, Bandai released the Metal Build series in March 2011 (beginning with the 00 Gundam).[29]

title: Superior Defender Gundam Force

text: , is a 2004 Japanese anime television series produced by Sunrise. The series was released to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Gundam media franchise, and was the first Gundam series to be entirely animated in cel-shaded 3D computer graphics (3DCG), and the first full-3DCG series to be broadcast on Japanese television. The show was directed by Yūichi Abe.

title: Gundam War Collectible Card Game

text: Gundam War: Mobile Suit Gundam the Card Game also known simply as Gundam War is an out-of-print collectible card game based on the Gundam anime series produced by Bandai. Players can simulate battles in the anime series. The game is designed for 2 players, though there may be different fan-created multiplayer rules. This game is sometimes confused with the Gundam M.S. War Trading Card Game, since both are published by Bandai and are based on the Gundam series.

title: Mobile Suit Gundam

text: Besides adaptations, there is a popular parody yonkoma manga titled "Mobile Suit Gundam-san", which was written and drawn by Hideki Ohwada and serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's "Gundam Ace" magazine since 2001. This manga was adapted into an anime in 2014. Ohwada also created a spinoff manga, , which follows Yoshiyuki Tomino and the Sunrise staff as they work to make the television series and the compilation movies. This series was serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's "Gundam Ace" magazine from 2009 to 2011 and compiled in the "Gundam-san" tankōbon starting in Volume 5. The manga was also collected in two tankōbon volumes released in January 24, 2014.

title: Mobile Suit Gundam SEED

text: The climax has been praised for bringing unexpected inclusions within the war, as well as revelations regarding the characters' roles. A common comment among writers was that "Gundam SEED" blended elements from previous Gundam series and displayed it in fast-paced way, making it enjoyable to younger fans but still engaging older fans familiar with previous series. DVD Verdict writer Mitchell Hattaway further noted that while it used elements from other anime series, it still "drew [him] in so quickly [he] soon found [himself] wrapped up in the proceedings". Carl Kimlinger from Anime News Network stated that "Gundam SEED" adapted the original "Mobile Suit Gundam" series from 1979 for a modern audience in the same way "Mobile Suit Gundam 00" would adapt "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing". Bamboo Dong from the same site stated that while this caused the appearance of "hardcore anti-"Gundam Seed" zealots" who criticized the series for these traits, it was nevertheless entertaining to watch and give anime fans a step into the "Gundam fandom".

title: List of Mobile Suit Gundam SEED episodes

text: The "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED" anime series is animated by the Japanese anime studio Sunrise and directed by Mitsuo Fukuda. It aired from October 5, 2002 to September 27, 2003, with fifty episodes on TBS. As with other series from the Gundam franchise, "Gundam SEED" takes place in a parallel timeline, in this case the Cosmic Era, the first to do so. In this era, mankind has developed into two subspecies: Naturals, who reside on Earth and Coordinators, genetically-enhanced humans capable of withstanding the rigors of space who inhabit orbital colonies. The story revolves around a young Coordinator Kira Yamato who becomes involved in the war between the two races after a neutral space colony is invaded by the Coordinators.

title: Mobile Suit Gundam AGE (video game)

text: The story of the game follows the events of the "Mobile Suit Gundam AGE" anime series, whose storyline is divided into three arcs, each revolving around a different protagonist during the events of the "One Hundred Year War", a long conflict between the "Earth Sphere" (formed by the Earth and its space colonies) and the nation of "Vagan" (composed of several colonies based on Mars) which started on A.G. 101. The first arc's main character is Flit Asuno, who develops the "Gundam AGE-1" based on the AGE Device he received from his mother. The AGE Device is part of the "AGE System" which makes use of the combat data gathered during battle to create new weapons for the Gundam, and eventually, new Gundams for the other protagonists to pilot. The second arc's main character is Asemu Asuno who is Flit's son, piloting the "Gundam AGE-2" and the third and final arc's main character is Kio Asuno, who is Asemu's son and Flit's grandson piloting the "Gundam AGE-3" and its successor unit, the "Gundam AGE-FX".

title: After War Gundam X

text: After War Gundam X: Under The Moonlight, also known as "New Mobile Century Gundam X: Under the Moonlight", is the sequel manga to the "After War Gundam X" anime and was released in 2004. The manga takes place seven years after the final episode in the series. The four-volume series stars a new cast of characters different from those in the anime, but includes the same designs and mechanical drawings of the ships and mobile suits featured in the anime. The series focuses on Rick Aller, and a Newtype pilot from the 7th Space War named Kai, as well as a mysterious organization that has rebuilt D.O.M.E. after its destruction at the end of the "After War Gundam X" anime.

title: Gundam Mk-II

text: The RX-178 Gundam Mark-II is a fictional mobile suit from the Universal Century Gundam anime series. A collaborative design created by Kunio Okawara, Mamoru Nagano, and Kazumi Fujita, it is featured prominently as protagonist Kamille Bidan's mobile suit in the first half of "Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam", and used by various secondary characters throughout the rest of that series and its sequel, "Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ". It has appeared in a number of other media, including the PlayStation 2 title "Mobile Suit Gundam: AEUG Vs Titans", the multi-platform title "", the "Super Robot Wars" series, and PSP title "Gundam Battle Royale", among many others.

title: Mobile Suit Gundam Wing: Episode Zero

text: , released in the United States as Mobile Suit Gundam Wing: Episode Zero, is a manga miniseries based on the anime series "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing", featuring stories set mostly before the events of that tale. Unlike other "Gundam Wing" manga, which are not necessarily considered as being in continuity, "Episode Zero" has the distinction of being written by Katsuyuki Sumizawa, who was also the writer of the anime series, and thus carries a higher level of credibility. Akira Kanbe handled the art duties for this project.

title: List of Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam episodes

text: "Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam" is a 1985 Japanese science fiction anime television series created and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino and produced by Nagoya Broadcasting Network, Sotsu Agency, and Sunrise. "Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam" is the sequel to the 1979 Japanese science fiction series "Mobile Suit Gundam". The series premiered in Japan on Nagoya Broadcasting Network on March 2, 1985 and spanned 50 episodes to February 22, 1986. The English adaptation was released direct to DVD in the United States.

title: Newtype

text: In the Japanese version (and in the early months of the American version), the last page of "Newtype" is usually reserved for one of a series of art pieces or illustrations (accompanied by comment or short column) from a known anime illustrator. Perhaps the best known of these is the "GUNDAM FIX" illustration series by Hajime Katoki, which placed mecha from the Gundam franchise within real-world photographic contexts. Other illustrators who have contributed to this back page in the past include Yoshikazu Yasuhiko (who ran a series of illustrations devoted to "") and Hisashi Hirai (who ran a series devoted to his designs for "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED", titled "Gundam SEED RGB").

title: List of Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ episodes

text: "Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ" is a 1986 Japanese science fiction anime television series created and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino and produced by Nagoya Broadcasting Network, Sotsu Agency, and Sunrise with music production by Starchild Records. "Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ" is the sequel to the 1986 Japanese science fiction series "Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam". Spanning 47 episodes, the series premiered in Japan on Nagoya Broadcasting Network on March 1, 1986 and concluded on January 31, 1987.

title: Gundam Reconguista in G

text: , also referred to as , is a 2014 Japanese science fiction anime television series and the thirteenth installment in Sunrise's long-running "Gundam" franchise. Created for the Gundam 35th Anniversary celebration, it is the first Gundam TV series to be written and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino since "Turn A Gundam" in 1999 and features character designs by Kenichi Yoshida of "Overman King Gainer" & "Eureka Seven" fame. Airing in the MBS/TBS networks' Animeism block starting in October 2014, it is the first traditional Gundam TV series to be initially released as a late night anime.

title: List of Mobile Suit Gundam episodes

text: This is the list of episodes of the Japanese anime television series . Created and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino, "Mobile Suit Gundam" was produced by Nagoya Broadcasting Network, Sotsu Agency, and Sunrise. The English adaptation of the anime is licensed by Bandai Entertainment.

title: Mobile Fighter G Gundam

text: During the North American DVD production interviews for "Mobile Fighter G Gundam", Imagawa was asked to address the message "See you again Gundam Fight 14" shown at the last cut of the final episode. He answered that it was simply word play and had no intention of affirming a sequel to the anime. Granted its large number of manga side-stories, Imagawa surmised that it would be "impossible" to create an animated sequel or OVA series to "G Gundam" and disclosed he would not direct it if there were. He said, "I believe "G Gundam" is a series that started as a program for kids and eventually worked out because I stayed vividly aware of that until the very last moment, overcoming a lot of obstacles and bad situations (in terms of directing)."

title: Gundam Sentinel

text: "Bandai" originally proposed to Model Graphix the idea of having the first "non-visual" Gundam, that is, a series totally devoid of animation production and manga as its source material. Model Graphix liked the proposal, since there was a model release vacancy between "Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ" and the next animated Gundam series, and it would be perfect to release their first model kit for the series, the FA-010A FAZZ.

title: Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny

text: Chimaki Kuori also wrote "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny: The Edge" that tells the events of the anime from the viewpoint of Athrun Zala. Kadokawa Shoten published the series in a total of five volumes released between April 26, 2005, and October 26, 2006. After the end of the series, Kuori has released several chapters focusing on the other characters in the series under the name of "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny: The Edge Desire". The first volume of this series was released on June 26, 2007, and the second on February 26, 2008. A manga version of "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny Astray" was written by Tomohiro Chiba and illustrated by Kōichi Tokita, and published in "Gundam Ace" magazine. It was collected in four volumes from January 25, 2005, to June 26, 2006. Later another side story was created called "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Frame Astrays".

title: Turn A Gundam

text: "Turn A Gundam" was directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino, who is the main creator of the "Gundam" franchise, and who had written and directed many previous "Gundam" works. Tomino created the series as a means of "affirmatively accepting all of the "Gundam" series", which is reflected in the series title's use of the Turned A, a mathematical symbol representing universal quantification.

text: "Mobile Suit Gundam 0080: War in the Pocket" was produced by animation studio Sunrise in association with toy company Bandai. Kenji Uchida was the former representative and Minoru Takanashi was the latter's producer. The series was created to commemorate the ten-year anniversary of the "Gundam" franchise, created by Yoshiyuki Tomino in 1979. "War in the Pocket" was directed by Fumihiko Takayama, known for his work on "Orguss 02" and "", marking the first time anyone other than Tomino directed a "Gundam" show. The screenplay was written by Hiroyuki Yamaga, with scenario by , while the character designer for this series was Haruhiko Mikimoto.

title: Hajime Katoki

text: Born in 1963, Katoki created designs for the graphic novel "Gundam Sentinel". He then worked in the OVA series "Gundam 0083", where he designed the majority of the mobile suits in the series, including the RX-78GP03 Gundam Dendrobium Stamen and Orchis mobile weapons. His next prominent work was "V Gundam", where he was the main mechanical designer, creating the main mobile suits Victory Gundam, V2 Gundam and the V2 Assault Buster Gundam. After that, he worked on "G Gundam", now in design of the antagonist mobile suits. His next work was on "Gundam Wing", where most of the enemy mobile suits, including the popular Tallgeese, were designed by him. He also created the mobile suits designs for "Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz", and re-designed the Gundams with a more fantastic style, creating the XXXG-00W0 Wing Gundam Zero EW. To correspond with these new designs, he also redesigned the 5 original Gundams from "Gundam Wing".

title: Mobile Fighter G Gundam

text: "Mobile Fighter G Gundam" was produced by Sunrise in association with advertising agencies Sotsu and Dentsu, and toy company Bandai. The series was created to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the "Gundam" franchise, created by Yoshiyuki Tomino in 1979. "G Gundam" was directed by Yasuhiro Imagawa, known for his work on the "Giant Robo" and "Getter Robo Armageddon" original video animations (OVAs). "G Gundam" was chiefly written and supervised by Fuyunori Gobu, a veteran screenwriter for various Sunrise properties such as "Shippū! Iron Leaguer" and "The King of Braves GaoGaiGar". Many of the principal production crew members for "G Gundam" were carried over the previous season's "Mobile Suit Victory Gundam", including character designer Hiroshi Ōsaka and mechanical designers Kunio Okawara and Hajime Katoki. Manga artist Kazuhiko Shimamoto collaborated on the show's character designs. Kimitoshi Yamane acted as a back-up mechanical designer and has since worked on Sunrise's acclaimed series "Cowboy Bebop" and "The Vision of Escaflowne". Hirotoshi Sano, previously credited for "Tekkaman Blade", was responsible for directing the mechanical animation in "G Gundam", but also produced much of show's promotional artwork seen on home media covers. The musical score for "G Gundam" was composed by Kohei Tanaka. The opening theme song "Flying in the Sky" performed by Hitofumi Ushima and the closing theme by Etsuko Sai are played for the first 25 episodes of the series. The opening theme "Trust You Forever" by Ushima and the closing theme by Takehide Inoue are played for the remaining episodes.

title: List of Gundam Reconguista in G episodes

text: , also referred to as , is a 2014 Japanese science fiction anime television series and the thirteenth incarnation of Sunrise's long-running Gundam mecha metaseries. Created for the Gundam 35th Anniversary celebration, it is the first Gundam TV series to be written and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino since "Turn A Gundam" in 1999 and features character designs by Kenichi Yoshida of "Overman King Gainer" & "Eureka Seven" fame. Airing in the MBS/TBS networks' Animeism block starting in October 2014, it is the first traditional Gundam TV series to be initially released as a late night anime.

title: Turn A Gundam

text: , also stylized as ∀ Gundam, is a 1999 Japanese mecha anime series produced by Sunrise, and aired between 1999 and 2000 on Japan's FNN networks. It was created for the "Gundam Big Bang" 20th Anniversary celebration, and is the eighth installment in the "Gundam" franchise. It was later compiled in 2002 into two feature-length movies entitled Turn A Gundam I: Earth Light and Turn A Gundam II: Moonlight Butterfly.

title: SD Gundam

text: is part of the SD Gundam franchise, a sub-franchise of the popular Gundam anime. In Knight Gundam, Gundam mecha and characters are reimagined as knights, sorcerers and other fantasy and medieval European character types. Knight Gundam is a series that took elements from Japanese role playing games, such as the "Dragon Quest" series, into SD Gundam. The knight style SD Gundam designs are devised by Koji Yokoi and soon Knight Gundam became an independent series like Musha Gundam.

title: Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam

text: Yoshiyuki Tomino crammed his frustrations into "Zeta Gundam". He created the anime with the idea of telling viewers "Hey, watch my new Gundam, youngsters. Why are you not so lively like them in Z?" Tomino has mixed feelings about "Zeta Gundam". Tomino did not like the series and believes he should have ended the story in the first TV series. However, at the same time he noted that thanks to "Zeta" the franchise became more popular.

title: Asatsu-DK

text: Asatsu-DK is also involved in producing and providing its services to numerous anime series, through itself as well as its subsidiaries, including recent installments of Sunrise's Gundam series, such as the latest series "Mobile Suit Gundam 00", "Turn A Gundam", "Mobile Suit Gundam Seed" and "Mobile Suit Gundam Seed Destiny", as well as several other anime titles.


query: Are steam locomotives more powerful than diesel?

title: Dieselisation

text: Dieselisation took place largely because of the tremendous reduction in operating costs it allowed. Steam locomotives require large pools of labour to clean, load, maintain and run. They also require extensive service, coaling and watering facilities. This was their biggest inferior measure as compared to the diesel locomotive in the number of ton-miles or passenger traffic miles either could run. Diesels could and did have a significantly higher initial price per unit-horsepower delivered. However, their far greater range between fueling stops, the absence of water stops, and the much higher unit availability between inspection repair and maintenance stops, were far better than steam. Diesels simply required significantly less time and labour to operate and maintain. Diesel power was also more scalable to power requirements, owing to the control systems that allowed multiple units to be controlled by one operator. "Double header" steam power required a crew for each locomotive. Initially, diesel locomotives were less powerful than the typical steam locomotives. Between the late 1930s and the late 1950s the power available with diesel locomotive engines roughly doubled, although the most powerful steam locomotives ever built still exceeded the power of the most powerful diesel locomotives from the late Twentieth Century.

title: Locomotive

text: In 1906, Rudolf Diesel, Adolf Klose and the steam and diesel engine manufacturer Gebrüder Sulzer founded Diesel-Sulzer-Klose GmbH to manufacture diesel-powered locomotives. The Prussian State Railways ordered a diesel locomotive from the company in 1909. The world's first diesel-powered locomotive (a diesel-mechanical locomotive) was operated in the summer of 1912 on the Winterthur–Romanshorn railway in Switzerland, but was not a commercial success. The locomotive weight was 95 tonnes and the power was 883 kW with a maximum speed of 100 km/h. Small numbers of prototype diesel locomotives were produced in a number of countries through the mid-1920s.

title: Dieselisation

text: Weighing against the cost of, and inertia against, replacing the large investment that railroads had in existing steam power were the dramatic increases in flexibility and efficiency with diesel. The fastest and most powerful steam locomotives were faster and more powerful than diesels; however, their range of efficient operation was severely limited. Diesels pro-rate their fuel usage to the length of trains, which a steam engine cannot do. Multiple-unit diesel power is scalable to power requirements with one locomotive crew; steam power is not. A high speed Hudson steam locomotive is good for only one situation, high speeds on level grades. The diesel locomotive can be operated by a single person, with no need of a fireman to run the boiler (two person cab crews may be required for other reasons). Also, diesels use much less fuel and no manpower when idling, something locomotives often do. Diesels can be parked running for days unattended, whereas steam engines must be constantly tended to if not completely shut down. Bringing a steam engine boiler up to operating temperature is often regarded as both an art and science, requiring much training and experience. A diesel is much simpler to start and shut down.

title: Union Pacific GTELs

text: Union Pacific had long sought the biggest and best locomotives. In the 1930s, a pair of steam turbine locomotives were tried but rejected. Before World War II, Union Pacific had been adding diesels to its roster, but none pulled road freight trains. The idea of using four diesels to equal the power of a steam locomotive was unappealing, so the search began for something bigger. General Electric had been building gas turbines for aircraft and proposed using something similar on a locomotive. Union Pacific thought maintenance costs for a locomotive were largely independent of its power, so a smaller number of more powerful locomotives would save money.

title: Switcher

text: As diesel shunters began to appear in ever-increasing numbers, attempts were made by companies such as Sentinel to adapt the vertical boilers from their steam powered road vehicles for use in shunting locomotives, in order to compete with the newcomers. Although these were found to be equal in power and efficiency to most of the early diesel designs, their development came too late to have any real impact. Outwardly, they bear more resemblance to diesels than steam locomotives. A number have been preserved on heritage railways, although few of these are in working order, being designed very specifically for shunting work and lacking the necessary speed to travel any kind of distance.

title: Steam locomotive

text: The reciprocating mechanism on the driving wheels of a two-cylinder single expansion steam locomotive tended to pound the rails (see hammer blow), thus requiring more maintenance. Raising steam from coal took a matter of hours, and created serious pollution problems. Coal-burning locomotives required fire cleaning and ash removal between turns of duty.[73] Diesel or electric locomotives, by comparison, drew benefit from new custom-built servicing facilities. The smoke from steam locomotives was also deemed objectionable; the first electric and diesel locomotives were developed in response to smoke abatement requirements,[74] although this did not take into account the high level of less-visible pollution in diesel exhaust smoke, especially when idling. In some countries, however, power for electric locomotives is derived from steam generated in power stations, which are often run by coal.

title: Diesel locomotive

title: Diesel locomotive

text: The maintenance and operational costs of steam locomotives were much higher than diesels. Annual maintenance costs for steam locomotives accounted for 25% of the initial purchase price. Spare parts were cast from wooden masters for specific locomotives. The sheer number of unique steam locomotives meant that there was no feasible way for spare-part inventories to be maintained. With diesel locomotives spare parts could be mass-produced and held in stock ready for use and many parts and sub-assemblies could be standardized across an operator's fleet using different models of locomotive from the same builder. Modern diesel locomotives are designed to allow the power assemblies to be replaced, which greatly reduces the time that a locomotive is out of revenue-generating service when it requires maintenance.

title: Locomotive

text:
The steam locomotive remained by far the most common type of locomotive until after World War II.
Steam locomotives are less efficient than modern diesel and electric locomotives, and a significantly larger workforce is required to operate and service them. British Rail figures showed that the cost of crewing and fuelling a steam locomotive was about two and a half times larger than the cost of supporting an equivalent diesel locomotive, and the daily mileage they could run was lower.. Between about 1950 and 1970, the majority of steam locomotives were retired from commercial service and replaced with electric and diesel-electric locomotives. While North America transitioned from steam during the 1950s, and continental Europe by the 1970s, in other parts of the world, the transition happened later. Steam was a familiar technology that used widely-available fuels and in low-wage economies did not suffer as wide a cost disparity. It continued to be used in many countries until the end of the 20th century. By the end of the 20th century, almost the only steam power remaining in regular use around the world was on heritage railways.

title: Locomotive

text: Diesel locomotives require considerably less maintenance than steam, with a corresponding reduction in the number of personnel needed to keep the fleet in service. The best steam locomotives spent an average of three to five days per month in the shop for routine maintenance and running repairs. Heavy overhauls were frequent, often involving removal of the boiler from the frame for major repairs. In contrast, a typical diesel locomotive requires no more than eight to ten hours of maintenance per month (maintenance intervals are 92 days or 184 days, depending upon a locomotive's age), and may run for decades between major overhauls. Diesel units do not pollute as much as steam trains; modern units produce low levels of exhaust emissions.

title: Head-end power

text: Originally, trains hauled by a steam locomotive would be provided with a supply of steam from the locomotive for heating the carriages. When diesel locomotives and electric locomotives replaced steam, the steam heating was then supplied by a steam-heat boiler. This was oil-fired (in diesel locomotives) or heated by an electric element (in electric locomotives). Oil-fired steam-heat boilers were unreliable. They caused more locomotive failures on any class to which they were fitted than any other system or component of the locomotive, and this was a major incentive to adopt a more reliable method of carriage heating.

title: Diesel locomotive

text: As diesel locomotives advanced, the cost of manufacturing and operating them dropped, and they became cheaper to own and operate than steam locomotives. In North America, steam locomotives were custom-made for specific railway routes, so economies of scale were difficult to achieve. Though more complex to produce with exacting manufacturing tolerances ( for diesel, compared with for steam), diesel locomotive parts were easier to mass produce. Baldwin Locomotive Works offered almost five hundred steam models in its heyday, while EMD offered fewer than ten diesel varieties.. In the United Kingdom, British Railways built steam locomotives to standard designs from 1951 onwards. These included standard, interchangeable parts, and were cheaper to produce than the diesel locomotives then available. The capital cost per drawbar horse power was £13 6s (steam), £65 (diesel), £69 7s (turbine) and £17 13s (electric).

title: Maumelle Ordnance Works Locomotive 1

text: Locomotive #1 is an unusual combination. Virtually all internal combustion locomotives are diesel-electrics, powered by a diesel prime mover driving a generator which in turn drives one or more electric traction motors; apart from some diesel-mechanical and diesel-hydraulic locomotives. All of the major manufacturers had discarded the use of gasoline engines by the middle 1930s in favor of diesel, primarily on the grounds of fuel economy. Vulcan continued to produce a very limited number of both while it also continued to produce steam locomotives. In early 1942 it is likely that war needs made it easier to get a gasoline engine than a diesel because a gasoline engine uses much less material.

title: Dieselisation

text: Dieselization got a boost in the early 1930s from three factors: the development by General Motors and its Winton Engine Corporation subsidiary of diesel engines with vastly improved power-to-weight ratios and output flexibility; the desire of railways to find more cost-efficient locomotion for passenger service at the height of the Great Depression; and design innovations in rail equipment that reduced weight, making the contemporary diesel engines, which were low-powered by today's standards, viable for mainline passenger service. The mid-1930s saw the introduction of lightweight diesel-powered streamlined trainsets such as the Burlington Route's Zephyrs and Union Pacific's M-1000x "City" trains, which were diesel's first assault against the dominance of steam in mainline passenger service. During the second half of the decade, diesel locomotives with sufficient power for full-size passenger trains were developed and put into regular production. Improved GM diesel engines in 1938 increased power and reliability. Dieselization of passenger service gained momentum as the decade drew to a close and the first model of mainline diesel freight locomotive was on the market in 1940. Dieselization was especially attractive to western railroads, for whom the watering requirements of steam locomotives were a problem in vast stretches of the western interior. Coal-country railroads were generally reluctant to embrace diesel, a competitor to one of their main hauling markets, well into the 1940s.

title: Dieselisation

text: Competition from diesel spurred a round of development in steam locomotive technology. High style, high speed "steamliners" produced during the second half of the 1930s became the speed kings of passenger service. Duplex and articulated steam locomotives built in the early 1940s exceeded the power of any diesel ever built, although their power was edged by gas turbine-electric locomotives during the 1950s. But the limits of steam technology were rapidly being reached. The new locomotives were mechanically complex and extremely specialized. Locomotive size became an issue, as steam engines became so big in the 1940s that the cylinder and boiler dimensions were pushing the limits that the loading gauge would allow. Fireboxes became so big that firing a steam locomotive became an extremely difficult job without the aid of mechanical stokers. Mechanical stokers for feeding coal to locomotives were in use in the 1920s.[7] Steam turbine-electric locomotive power was developed in 1938 by General Electric. GE abandoned the project in 1943 after results were unsatisfactory during trials with three railroads, however, Baldwin Locomotive Works built three steam turbine-electric locomotives in 1948. They were expensive to operate and insufficiently reliable for their intended service, and were scrapped in 1950. Baldwin's steam turbine-electric program resulted in one more locomotive in 1954, which was also not successful in service.

title: Stone Mountain Scenic Railroad

text: Stone Mountain originally had three steam locomotives, the "General II," "Texas II," and "Yonah II." The SMRR named the engines after the famous engines of The Great Locomotive Chase, and were given nineteenth century style smokestacks and headlights. Despite these modifications, the engines, having been built between 1919 and 1927, still have noticeably modern appearances, with larger proportions than their ancestors and have more advanced cylinders, valve gear, and other modern applications. While steam engines ceased running in the 1980s, they continued to "pull" trains for some time. In these instances, one of the steam engines was coupled in front of a diesel which, while disguised as a baggage car or auxiliary tender, would push the engine. The diesel's controls were placed in the cab of the engine and air piped from the diesel's main reservoir to allow the steam engine's whistle to sound. Aside from the whistle, the steam locomotive remained inactive, with the diesel being the train's sole motive power.

title: Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines

text: The 21 steam locomotives owned by the PRSL were from the PRR subsidiary WJ&S. They all consisted of PRR classes. Before dieselization the PRSL was more apt to lease its motive power from either of its parent railroads as it completely lacked any heavy passenger locomotives (like 4-6-2 Pacifics). As its parent railroads began to replace steam with diesel locomotives, the PRSL became a haven for steam locomotives during their final years of operation.

title: W.G Bagnall 0-6-0ST "New Standard 18"

text: Three locomotives were ordered by the Steel Company of Wales (SCOW) for their Abbey, Margam and Port Talbot works during the early 1950s, to replace the elderly locomotives which were running at that time. The Steel Company of Wales wanted to see how steam locomotives compared against diesel locomotives, but because the elderly steam locos that they had at that time, did not give a modern and fair view on steam locomotives, they ordered large and specially designed tank locomotives from W.G Bagnall, who had provided 2 powerful 0-4-0ST locomotives to Port Talbot in the 1930s. SCOW were testing to see whether steam or diesel was more economical and also to see which motive power was better on the duties at the steelworks.

title: Steele v. Louisville & Nashville Railway Co.

text: The diesel-electric locomotive assaulted the primacy of the coal/oil fired steam locomotive from every angle. First, it had a much higher duty cycle than any steam locomotive could match. Famously, the use of steam locomotives to attempt the achievement of the schedules for the crack passenger trains between Chicago and the West Coast, required no less than nine (9) complete changes of engine and tender between Chicago and Los Angeles/San Francisco. With no steam engine/tender set travelling more than 250 miles. Diesels would complete these long distance runs with the same motive power units. And the diesel units would only receive fuel and water at limited operating stops. So the number of in-cab crews necessary to operate any schedule would be dramatically reduced by the introduction of diesels

title: Diesel locomotive

text: Although diesel locomotives generally emit less sulphur dioxide, a major pollutant to the environment, and greenhouse gases than steam locomotives, they are not completely clean in that respect. Furthermore, like other diesel powered vehicles, they emit nitrogen oxides and fine particles, which are a risk to public health. In fact, in this last respect diesel locomotives may perform worse than steam locomotives.

title: Hong Kong Disneyland Railroad

text: Unlike other railroads at Disneyland-style parks, where the trains are powered by actual steam locomotives, Hong Kong Disneyland's trains are powered by steam-outline locomotives, which are diesel locomotives with the outward appearance of steam locomotives. This means that the tenders are the real locomotives that haul the trains, as they contain the prime mover, traction motors, diesel fuel and generators that supply electricity to the rest of the train. This is due to Hong Kong's strict emissions standards, which also served as a cost-effective measure which obviated the need to build new steam locomotives, or the finding and transport to Hong Kong of suitable existing narrow gauge steam locomotives. As a result, in order to mimic the sound of an actual steam locomotive, typical steam audio (chuffing, steam whistle, etc.) are emitted from a set of hidden speakers installed on each locomotive. Despite the fact that they are not steam-powered, Dana Amendola, the author of "All Aboard: The Wonderful World of Disney Trains", describes the locomotives as "a representation of the golden age of railroading."

title: Locomotive

text: In the 1940s, diesel locomotives began to displace steam power on American railroads. Following the end of World War II, diesel power began to appear on railroads in many countries. The significantly better economics of diesel operation triggered a dash to diesel power, a process known as Dieselization. By the late 1990s, only heritage railways continued to operate steam locomotives.

title: Streamliner

text: With power and reliability of new Diesel units improved with the 2000 hp GM 567 powered E3 model in 1938, the advantages of Diesel became compelling enough for a growing number of rail lines to select Diesel over steam for new passenger equipment. The power and top speed advantages of state-of-the-art steam locomotives were more than offset by Diesel's advantages in service flexibility, downtime, maintenance costs, and economic efficiency for most operators. The American Locomotive Company (ALCO), builder of the Hiawatha speedsters, saw Diesel as the future of passenger service and introduced streamlined locomotives influenced by the design of the E units in 1939. The replacement of steam with Diesel power was interrupted by the US entry into World War II, with a military premium on Diesel technology that stopped all production of Diesel locomotives for passenger service between September 1942 and January 1945.

title: Train

text: The first trains were rope-hauled, gravity powered or pulled by horses, but from the early 19th century almost all trains were powered by steam locomotives. From the 1910s onwards, steam locomotives began to be replaced with less labor-intensive (and cleaner) diesel and electric locomotives, although these new forms of propulsion were far more complex and expensive than steam power. At about the same time, self-propelled multiple unit vehicles (both diesel and electric) became much more widely used in passenger service. Dieselisation of locomotives in day-to-day use was completed in most countries by the 1970s. Steam locomotives are still used in heritage railways which are operated in many countries for the leisure and enthusiast market.

title: Locomotive

text:
In comparison to the principal alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions and lower operating costs. Electric locomotives are also usually quieter, more powerful, and more responsive and reliable than diesels.
They have no local emissions, an important advantage in tunnels and urban areas. Some electric traction systems provide regenerative braking that turns the train's kinetic energy back into electricity and returns it to the supply system to be used by other trains or the general utility grid. While diesel locomotives burn petroleum, electricity can be generated from diverse sources including renewable energy.Steam-diesel hybrid locomotives can use steam generated from a boiler or diesel to power a piston engine. The "Cristiani Compressed Steam System" used a diesel engine to power a compressor to drive and recirculate steam produced by a boiler; effectively using steam as the power transmission medium, with the diesel engine being the prime mover

title: Diesel locomotive

text: The first regular use of diesel–electric locomotives was in switching (shunter) applications, which were more forgiving than mainline applications of the limitations of contemporary diesel technology and where the idling economy of diesel relative to steam would be most beneficial. GE entered a collaboration with the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) and Ingersoll-Rand (the "AGEIR" consortium) in 1924 to produce a prototype "boxcab" locomotive delivered in July 1925. This locomotive demonstrated that the diesel–electric power unit could provide many of the benefits of an electric locomotive without the railroad having to bear the sizeable expense of electrification. The unit successfully demonstrated, in switching and local freight and passenger service, on ten railroads and three industrial lines. Westinghouse Electric and Baldwin collaborated to build switching locomotives starting in 1929. However, the Great Depression curtailed demand for Westinghouse's electrical equipment, and they stopped building locomotives internally, opting to supply electrical parts instead.

title: BR Standard Class 8

text: Two significant construction errors were discovered during restoration:These errors were corrected and the opportunity taken to incorporate some other improvements, including the previously recommended Kylchap exhaust system, which has finally unlocked the locomotive's true potential as a powerful express passenger locomotive. When the "Duke" was first allowed to haul a full load on the main line, it became immediately obvious that the boiler was now producing steam at a more efficient rate and that the reborn "Duke" was unrecognisable from the failure that was experienced under British Railways ownership With these modifications, the "Duke" is now one of the most powerful steam locomotives ever to run on Britain's railways, past or present (the LMS Coronation Class Pacifics held that title under British Railways auspices - the three cylinder "Duke" never actually achieved the 3000 cylinder horse power figure that was recorded by the four cylinder Princess Coronation Class); ironically, it is now more powerful than not only the English Electric Type 4 diesel locomotives which replaced it directly in service, but also the type 4 and 5 diesel locomotives built to replace the earlier diesels.

title: Steam locomotive

text: The introduction of electric locomotives around the turn of the 20th century and later diesel-electric locomotives spelled the beginning of a decline in the use of steam locomotives, although it was some time before they were phased out of general use.[69] As diesel power (especially with electric transmission) became more reliable in the 1930s, it gained a foothold in North America.[70] The full transition away from steam power in North America took place during the 1950s. In continental Europe, large-scale electrification had replaced steam power by the 1970s. Steam was a familiar technology, adapted well to local facilities, and also consumed a wide variety of fuels; this led to its continued use in many countries until the end of the 20th century.

title: South African Class DS

text: The first costs were much in favour of steam locomotives, for which it decreased in cost per unit of power as the size increased, an advantage that the diesel-electric did not seem to have. Large diesel-electric locomotives of more than were usually three to four times greater in first cost than steam locomotives of equal power. In addition, unless it was supercharged, a diesel lost 3% of its rated power output with every increase of in altitude.

title: Diesel locomotive

text: Diesel locomotives offer significant operating advantages over steam locomotives. They can safely be operated by one person, making them ideal for switching/shunting duties in yards (although for safety reasons many main-line diesel locomotives continue to have 2-man crews: an engineer and a conductor/switchman) and the operating environment is much more attractive, being quieter, fully weatherproof and without the dirt and heat that is an inevitable part of operating a steam locomotive. Diesel locomotives can be worked in multiple with a single crew controlling multiple locomotives in a single train — something not practical with steam locomotives. This brought greater efficiencies to the operator, as individual locomotives could be relatively low-powered for use as a single unit on light duties but marshaled together to provide the power needed on a heavy train. With steam traction a single very powerful and expensive locomotive was required for the heaviest trains or the operator resorted to double heading with multiple locomotives and crews, a method which was also expensive and brought with it its own operating difficulties.


query: Can the DC character Nightwing fly?

title: Nightwing

text: To disguise themselves, Superman and Jimmy Olsen create vigilante identities inspired by Batman and Robin. Because neither bats nor robins lived on Krypton, Superman chooses the names of two birds owned by his Kandorian friend Nor-Kan: Nightwing for himself, and Flamebird for Jimmy. Nightwing and Flamebird rename Nor-Kan's underground laboratory as the "Nightcave", and use it as their secret headquarters. They also convert Nor-Kan's automobile into their "Nightmobile", and use "jet-belts" to fly into battle.

title: Devin K. Grayson

text: Grayson and her girlfriend at the time began watching the series "compulsively". Grayson also visited a friend who worked in a comic book store near her apartment in San Francisco and asked her friend about her namesake, Dick Grayson (aka Nightwing). Grayson left the store with a multitude of comics, including "The Dark Knight Returns", "Teen Titans", "", "Watchmen", various issues of "Sandman", and Scott McCloud's "Understanding Comics". She then began cold-calling DC Comics and spoke to "Batman" editor Denny O'Neil, and sent writing samples to editor Scott Peterson. She was eventually offered a job by editor Darren Vincenzo. Grayson's first comic book script to see print was "Like Riding a Bike", a 10-page short that appeared in "The Batman Chronicles" in 1997. What followed was a number of writing jobs that featured members of the Batman family of characters, in particular Nightwing, in solo or group adventures, including a 1998 "Nightwing/Huntress" miniseries, a 20-issue run writing "The Titans" from issues 1–20 from 1999–2000 (including a number of issues co-written with Brian K. Vaughan and Jay Faerber), and a run on "Batman: Gotham Knights", which the Chicago "Daily Herald"'s Russell Lissau described as a "masterful psychological profile of the Dark Knight Detective" that Grayson co-created and wrote until mid-2002. In July 2002, Grayson was given the opportunity to take over the writing on the regular "Nightwing" solo series from Chuck Dixon, beginning with issue #71, staying on the title until 2006. Grayson stated that she is drawn to both reading and writing Nightwing because she considers him to be one of DC's more complex characters, explaining:

title: Lego Batman: The Videogame

text: Players are able to swap the costumes of each of the main heroes (Batman, Robin, Batgirl, and Nightwing) with many differing ones, each containing unique abilities and different color schemes. Batman starts in a classic grey suit, while he and Batgirl can wear the Glide suit that lets Batman/Batgirl fly for a short time, the Sonic suit that can break glass, the Demolition suit that lets Batman/Batgirl set down bombs and detonate them, and the Heat Protection suit that lets Batman/Batgirl survive in extremely hot temperatures). Robin and Nightwing can wear the Technology suit that can activate Tech panels, the Water suit that lets Robin/Nightwing go underwater, the Magnet suit that lets Robin/Nightwing climb up magnetic walls), and the Attract suit that can vacuum up loose Lego pieces and turn them in for bonuses. Devices providing these suits must be built with Lego bricks during Story Mode, but when the player finds those suits, they will be linked to their corresponding characters in "Free Play" mode.

title: Nightwing (disambiguation)

text: Nightwing is a name that has been used by several fictional characters in the DC Comics Universe.

title: Homosexuality in the Batman franchise

text: Gay male characters in "Batman" comics include Harper Row's brother Cullen, and the gay superhero Midnighter. Midnighter started off as an openly gay and ultraviolent analogue of Batman in comics published by Wildstorm Comics. In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity, merging in the Wildstorm continuity. In this new timeline, Midnighter is part of the DC Universe and has been a regular supporting character of Dick Grayson in "Grayson" and "Nightwing".

title: Nightwing

text: Nightwing (Dick Grayson) appears as a playable character in LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham and is voiced by Josh Keaton. Nightwing (Dick Grayson) is available as a playable character in Batman: Arkham Knight, voiced by Scott Porter, as part of the game's "dual play" feature. He also appears in the main story where he assists Batman in taking down The Penguin who smuggles weapons into Gotham. Nightwing also stars in his own DLC story pack entitled "GCPD Lockdown" where Nightwing must prevent the Penguin from escaping the GCPD detention center. He is also featured in the Season of Infamy DLC story from a side mission to help Batman investigate a crash landing prison airship and apprehend Killer Croc. The Lego Batman Movie version of Nightwing is playable in Lego Dimensions. The Damian Wayne version of Nightwing returns in Injustice 2, also voiced by Scott Porter. However Damian primarily uses his Robin identity in the game while his Nightwing persona appears as a non-playable enemy in story who fights identical to Nightwing from Injustice. However Robin can obtain and equip his Nightwing gear. Damian Wayne's killing Dick Greyson is referenced by several characters such as Batman and Starfire, though Damian insists his role Dick Grayson's death was unintentional. Nightwing "The Aerial Avenger" is also available as a playable character in "DC Legends" introduced during "Titans Month". Nightwing is a playable character in Lego DC Super-Villains, voiced by Matthew Mercer.

title: Nightwing

text: During the Battle of Metropolis, Nightwing suffers a near-fatal injury from Alexander Luthor when he attempts to save Batman's life. Originally, the editors at DC intended to have Dick Grayson killed in Infinite Crisis as Newsarama revealed from the DC Panel at WizardWorld Philiadelphia:[16]

title: Nightwing

text: Although Nightwing is commonly associated with Batman, the title and concept have origins in classic Superman stories. The original Nightwing in DC Comics was an identity assumed by alien superhero Superman when stranded on the Kryptonian city of Kandor with his pal Jimmy Olsen. Drawing inspiration from Batman and Robin, the two protect Kandor as the superheroes Nightwing and Flamebird. Following the Crisis on Infinite Earths continuity reboot in 1985, Nightwing was re-imagined as a legendary vigilante from Krypton whose story inspires Dick Grayson's choice of name when he leaves behind his Robin identity.

title: Nightwing

text: On January 21, 2014, DC Comics announced that the series would end in April with issue 30. It was succeeded by Grayson, a solo series focusing on Dick's exploits as an agent of Spyral. The series lasted until June 2016 and was succeeded by a new Nightwing series with DC Rebirth.

title: Publication history of Dick Grayson

text:
Based on Nightwing's increasing popularity, DC Comics decided to test the character's possibilities with a one-shot book and then a miniseries.
First, in "Nightwing: Alfred's Return" #1 (1995), Grayson travels to England to find Alfred, who resigns from Bruce Wayne's service following the events of "KnightSaga". Before returning to Gotham City together, they prevent a plot by British terrorists to destroy the undersea "Channel Tunnel" in the English Channel.

title: Tony Zucco

text: Anthony Zucco is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character is most commonly known for his connection to the origin of Dick Grayson - the first Robin, and later Nightwing.

title: Batman and Son

text: The cast of characters in Batman expanded over the years as characters evolved and left for their own comic books. The original Robin left to become his own character, Nightwing, in 1984, and new characters took over the secret identity of Robin throughout the years. In 2005, the character of Tim Drake was Robin. In that year, the miniseries "Infinite Crisis" was released. The series was a crossover event of all of the characters of the DC Universe, and had universe-changing consequences. At the end of the series, Batman decides that he needs to focus on keeping his family safe and close, so leaves Gotham City with Nightwing, Robin, and his butler Alfred Pennyworth for a year. After his return, he adopts Tim Drake, formally making him his son.

title: Nite-Wing

text: Nite-Wing (Tad Ryerstad) is a fictional character appearing in the DC Comics series "Nightwing".

title: Torque (DC Comics)

text: Torque is a supervillain in the DC Comics Universe, and an enemy of Nightwing. Created by writer Chuck Dixon and artist Scott McDaniel, he first appeared in "Nightwing" v2, #1 (Oct. 1996).

title: Nightwing

text: Other stories set among the Batman family of characters have seen acquaintances and friends of Dick Grayson briefly assume the title, including his fellow Robin alumnus Jason Todd. Meanwhile, Superman stories have seen Superman's adopted son Chris Kent and Power Girl take up the name for brief turns as Nightwing. Various other characters have taken the name in stories set outside DC's main continuity as well, and at times the role has been unoccupied, such as when Dick Grayson operated as Batman and after faking his death.

title: Nightwing

text: In the DC Comics Tangent Comics series, "Nightwing" is a secret government organization which appears throughout the series. Headed by Marcus Moore and Francis "Black Lightning" Powell, who act to protect the U.S.A. and also conceal the true nature of The Atom's involvement in the Cuban Missile Crisis. Terry McGinnis briefly moonlights as Nightwing in Batman Beyond #4, after Detective Ben Singleton claims to know Dick Grayson's past as Nightwing, which turns into a media fiasco.

title: Nightwing

text: Nightwing appears in The New Batman Adventures, voiced by Loren Lester. At the end of the episode "Sins of the Father", Dick Grayson debuts when he remarks that "no one can be a boy wonder forever". In the episode "You Scratch My Back", Nightwing makes his full episode debut and finds an unlikely ally in Catwoman in trying to expose a South American gun smuggling operation into Gotham City. This episode highlights Nightwing, hints at his relationship with Batgirl (Barbara Gordon) and illustrates his tense relationship with Batman. The episode also contains a sequence - showing Nightwing in his loft headquarters and charging into the night on his motorcycle as his theme music plays, culminating in a shot where he stands silhouetted against the moon. In the episode "Old Wounds", Nightwing explains to Robin (Tim Drake) that he fought with Batman over the latter's controlling nature and what the former saw as an unnecessarily harsh approach, causing Dick to leave Gotham as a result and returns years later as Nightwing. Eventually he partially reconciles with his former mentor and works with Batman several times during the course of the series. Nightwing also appears in the episodes "Joker's Millions", "Over the Edge", "Animal Act" and "Chemistry". A spin-off focused on the character and Catwoman was considered at one point.[32] In Batman Beyond (set many years in the future), Nightwing's uniform (or at least one copy) hangs in the Batcave. In the episode "Lost Soul", Batman (Terry McGinnis) borrows the Nightwing mask when his own personal Batsuit is reprogrammed with a dead businessman's personality. In the film Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker, Batman asks if all of the original Batman's associates were bitter when they left to which Barbara Gordon replies "...look up Nightwing someday. Has he got stories". Nightwing has a cameo appearance in the Justice League Unlimited episode "Grudge Match". As Black Canary enters Blüdhaven, Nightwing can be seen on a rooftop next to two gargoyles. Nightwing appears in the Teen Titans episode "How Long is Forever?", voiced by Scott Menville. Nightwing is Robin's identity twenty years in the future. Nightwing has been featured in The Batman, voiced by Jerry O'Connell. In the episode "Artifacts", the year 3027 have flashbacks to the year 2027 which features Nightwing. Although he has been active for a decade as Nightwing, he is still called 'Robin' by Batman and Oracle much to his annoyance. In the episode "The Metal Face of Comedy", Nightwing (in his original costume) appears as Dick Grayson's video game character in an online role playing game. In Batman: The Brave and the Bold, Dick Grayson (voiced by Crawford Wilson) makes his transcendence from Robin to Nightwing in the end of the episode "Sidekicks Assemble!" and appears as Nightwing in later episodes. His suit is based on his Tales of the Teen Titans #44 suit. A Nightwing animated series was in development before being shelved in favor of Young Justice.[33] In Young Justice: Invasion, 19-year old Dick Grayson (voiced by Jesse McCartney) is seen as Nightwing. Nightwing has become leader of the Team, assigning missions to his friends and sometimes fighting side by side with them. At the end of Invasion, he leaves the team. In Young Justice: Outsiders, 21-year old Dick Grayson is now the leader of the Outsiders. On August 31, 2017, actor Brenton Thwaites was revealed to have been cast as Dick Grayson for the upcoming web series Titans. The series is based on the Teen Titans team, later known simply as Titans, from the comics, of which Dick Grayson is a frequent member. However, Dick is still using the moniker of Robin, whether he will become Nightwing remains to be seen.[34]

title: Jason Todd

text: The explanation for the character's return was revealed in "Batman Annual" #25 (2006). After a storyline in "Nightwing" as part of the One Year Later event where Todd took the mantle of Nightwing for himself, the character reappeared in his Red Hood persona as one of the focal characters of DC's year-long weekly "Countdown" series starting in May 2007.

title: DC Comics

text: DC Comics, Inc. is an American comic book publisher. It is the publishing unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. since 1967. DC Comics is one of the largest and oldest American comic book companies, and produces material featuring numerous culturally iconic heroic characters including: Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, The Flash, Green Lantern, Martian Manhunter, Nightwing, Green Arrow, Aquaman, Hawkman, Cyborg and Supergirl.

title: Robin (character)

text: After the mini-series "Crisis on Infinite Earths", much of the DC Comics continuity was redone. Dick Grayson's origin, years with Batman, and growth into Nightwing remained mostly unchanged; but Todd's character was completely revised. He was now a black-haired street orphan who first encountered Batman when he attempted to steal tires from the Batmobile. Batman saw to it that he was placed in a school for troubled youths. Weeks later, after Dick Grayson became Nightwing and Todd proved his crime-fighting worth by helping Batman catch a gang of robbers, Batman offered Todd the position as Robin.

title: Savate

text: In DC Comics, the character Nightwing is described as having a personal fighting style that combines Savate with the Filipino martial art Arnis.

title: Fly (Archie Comics)

text: The Fly was one of the characters used in DC Comics' revamp of the Archie characters in DC's !mpact Comics line. This series, also called "The Fly", ran 17 issues (Aug. 1991 - Dec. 1992) and portrayed the Fly as a boy (named Jason Troy) who turned into an adult superhero, similar to the original version of the character.

title: Nightwing

text: Nightwing (Dick Grayson) appears in LEGO Batman: The Video Game as a playable character, voiced by James Arnold Taylor.[39] Nightwing (Dick Grayson) appears in Batman: Rise of Sin Tzu as a playable character, voiced again by Loren Lester. Nightwing (Dick Grayson) appears in the MMORPG game DC Universe Online. He will assist the player in a battle against Bane if the player is using a Hero character, or he will attack the player if using a Villain character. Nightwing is also one of the many characters than can be unlocked to use in PvP Legends matches. Nightwing (Dick Grayson) is a downloadable character in Batman: Arkham City, with vocal grunts provided by Quinton Flynn. Nightwing has no relation to the story as he remains behind to protect Wayne Manor while Bruce Wayne is locked up in Arkham City and Robin (Tim Drake) is dealing with the outbreak caused by the Joker's poisoned blood. Nightwing (Dick Grayson) is a playable DLC character in LEGO Batman 2: DC Super Heroes, voiced by Cam Clarke. Nightwing is a playable character in Infinite Crisis. Nightwing appears as a playable fighter in Injustice: Gods Among Us, voiced by Troy Baker (mainstream version) and Neal McDonough (dark alternate counterpart). Dick Grayson is the mainstream version while Damian Wayne is the dark alternate counterpart. In the story mode's opening, Nightwing's mainstream version assists Cyborg and Raven in defending Watchtower from an assault led by Lex Luthor. When Luthor talks about rebuilding Metropolis, Dick knocks the villain out. In the alternate reality (where most of the game takes place), Nightwing's dark alternate counterpart is a part of Superman's oppressive regime that's against Batman's insurgency. When Nightwing confronts Batman and Green Arrow, Batman reveals that "Nightwing" killed Dick and is actually Damian. Batman hates Damian and states emotionally that Dick was his true son, Damian on the other hand seems to view Superman as a father-figure and loyal to his cause. After father defeats son, Batman tells Damian he's dead to him. In the single player Battle Mode, Damian is focused on instead of Dick. After defeating Superman, Nightwing begins challenging anyone who crosses his path. Seeing his ability to inspire fear, Nightwing is chosen by a yellow power ring and recruited into the Sinestro Corps.

title: Nightwing

text: Nightwing book. In 2013, Nightwing placed 5th on IGN's Top 25 Heroes of DC Comics[2] and Grayson as Nightwing was ranked the #1 Sexiest Male Character in Comics by ComicsAlliance in 2013.[3]

title: Chuck Dixon

text: Charles Dixon (born April 14, 1954) is an American comic book writer, best known for his work on the Marvel Comics character the Punisher and on the DC Comics characters Batman, Nightwing, and Robin in the 1990s and early 2000s.

title: Kyle Higgins

text: When DC rebooted their entire line in 2011 with The New 52, Higgins wrote "Nightwing", often interlinking arcs with Snyder, who moved to "Batman". Higgins also wrote the first eight issues of "Deathstroke" in September 2011. Higgins began writing "Batman Beyond 2.0", a DCU version of the character from the DCAU animated series Batman Beyond, for DC's digital-first line. In January 2014, it was announced that Higgins had joined the writing team for "Batman Eternal" following his work on "Nightwing", which ended in March 2014.

title: Nightwing

text: On February 23, 2017, it was reported that Warner Bros. Pictures was developing a Nightwing live action movie centered on the character, set in the DC Extended Universe, with Bill Dubuque writing the script and The LEGO Batman Movie director Chris McKay signed on to direct the movie.[35]

title: Nightwing

title: Robin (character)

text: Following the 2011 continuity reboot "the New 52", Tim Drake was revised as having assumed the title Red Robin, and Jason Todd, operating as the Red Hood, was slowly repairing his relationship with Batman. Dick Grayson resumed his role as Nightwing and Stephanie Brown was introduced anew under her previous moniker Spoiler in the pages of "Batman Eternal" (2014). The 2016 DC Rebirth continuity relaunch starts off with Damian Wayne as Robin, Tim Drake as Red Robin, Jason Todd as Red Hood, and Dick Grayson as Nightwing. Robins have also been featured throughout stories set in parallel worlds, owing to DC Comics' longstanding "Multiverse" concept. For example, in the original Earth-Two, Dick Grayson never adopted the name Nightwing, and continues operating as Robin into adulthood. In the New 52's "Earth-2" continuity, Robin is Helena Wayne, daughter of Batman and Catwoman, who was stranded on the Earth of the main continuity and takes the name Huntress.

title: Fly (Impact Comics)

text: The Fly is a fictional character who first appeared in the DC Comics' Impact Comics series, "The Fly". The character is loosely based on Archie Comics' character, The Fly.

title: Nightwing

text: Nightwing is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character has appeared in various incarnations, with the Nightwing identity most prominently being adopted by Dick Grayson when he moved on from his role as Batman's vigilante partner Robin.


query: How long has Lucha Libre been around?

title: Lucha libre

text: Lucha libre (Spanish pronunciation:[ˈlut͡ʃa ˈliβɾe], meaning "freestyle wrestling"[1] or literally translated as "free fight") is the term used in México for professional wrestling. Since its introduction to Mexico in the early 20th century, it has developed into a unique form of the genre, characterized by colorful masks, rapid sequences of holds and maneuvers, as well as "high-flying" maneuvers, some of which have been adopted in the United States and elsewhere. The wearing of masks has developed special significance, and matches are sometimes contested in which the loser must permanently remove his mask, which is a wager with a high degree of weight attached. Tag team wrestling is especially prevalent in lucha libre, particularly matches with three-member teams, called trios.

title: Los Guerreros Laguneros

text: Los Guerreros Laguneros (Spanish for "The Warriors from the Lagoon") is a "Lucha Libre" (Professional wrestling) group, referred to as a "stable", based in Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) in Mexico. The stable was created in 2001 and has, since its inception, been led by Último Guerrero and has been the top "rudo" (those that portray the "bad guys" in lucha libre) group in CMLL. Los Guerreros Lagunero currently consists of Último Guerrero, his younger brother Gran Guerrero, Euforia and Templario. Último Guerrero, Euforia and Gran Guerrero are the reigning and two-time holders of the CMLL World Trios Championship.

title: 55th Anniversary of Lucha Libre in Estado de México

text: The history of "lucha libre", or professional wrestling in Mexico goes all the way back to the early 1900s where individual promoters would hold shows on a local basis in various Mexican states. In 1933 Salvador Lutteroth created Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL; Spanish for "Mexican Wrestling Enterprise") and in subsequent years took EMLL to a national level. In the 1930s and 1940s various Mexican starts to create "lucha libre" commissions, often as an extension of the existing Boxing commissions, responsible for overview of "lucha libre" in each state, licensing wrestlers and ensuring the rules are being enforced. In the State of Mexico "lucha libre" was not officially sanctioned in late 1962, with the first "lucha libre" show in the State of Mexico held in December 1962.

title: Dark Ozz

text: Marcos Tinajero (born January 30, 1975) is a Mexican Luchador (wrestler) who is most well known under the name Ozz / Dark Ozz, a Face character (referred to as a "Tecnico" in Lucha Libre) that works for Lucha Libre Elite. Best known for his work in Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), he has been part of The Black Family since it was formed. During his time in the Black Family Ozz has been a member of Lucha Libre Latina (LLL) and La Secta del Mesías, its predecessor La Secta Cibernetica and La Legión Extranjera but now the Black Family is its own independent entity.

title: Sport in Mexico

text: Mexican professional wrestling, which is known as lucha libre, has been a popular spectacle in Mexico since 1933, when promoter Salvador Lutteroth Gonzales founded Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre. Like other forms of professional wrestling, it is not strictly a sport, but rather a form of sports entertainment, as matches usually have predetermined outcomes. Lucha libre is characterized by rapid sequences of holds and moves, as well as spectacular high-flying moves, many of which have been adopted in the United States.[29] The two most popular lucha libre promotions are Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), and Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA). Notable wrestling stars include El Santo, Blue Demon, and Mil Máscaras.

title: Homenaje a Dos Leyendas (2017)

text: In September 1933 Salvador Lutteroth González founded Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL), which would later be renamed Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre. Over time Lutteroth would become responsible for building both Arena Coliseo in Mexico City and Arena Mexico, which became known as "The Cathedral of Lucha Libre". Over time EMLL became the oldest wrestling promotion in the world, with 2018 marking the 85th year of its existence. Lutteroth has often been credited with being the "father of Lucha Libre" introducing the concept of masked wrestlers to Mexico as well as the "Luchas de Apuestas" match. Lutteroth died on September 5, 1987. EMLL, late CMLL, remained under the ownership and control of the Lutteroth family as first Salvador's son Chavo Lutteroth and later his grandson Paco Alonso took over ownership of the company.

text: The 52nd Anniversary of Lucha Libre in Estado de México was celebrated by a major professional wrestling show produced and scripted by the Mexican "lucha libre" promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG; sometimes referred to as "Grupo Internacional Revolución" in Mexico) and took place on December 7, 2014 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico ("Estado de México"). The event commemorated the sport of "lucha libre" becoming allowed in the State of Mexico, with the first "lucha libre" show held in the state taking place in December 1962. Over the years IWRG has on occasion celebrated the anniversary, although not consistently holding an anniversary show every year.

title: Que viva la lucha

text: "¡Que viva la lucha!" demonstrates how lucha libre in Tijuana is enjoyed by a vast range of spectators ranging from young children to older generations, and across genders. It is a space where fanatics and spectators are able to actively participate through the cheering, insults, and mixed emotions. The film also interviews extreme fanatics to collect lucha libre memorabilia, and dedicated fans that have gained free access to shows ("La Tiburona"). In response to the spectatorship of lucha libre, Vazquez states "The arenas are considered a free place to let out all anger, excitement, passions"

title: Homenaje a Dos Leyendas (2018)

title: The Crash Lucha Libre

text: The Crash is considered the third largest professional wrestling promotion in Mexico after the much older Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre and Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide promotions and has been touted as the fastest growing "lucha libre" company in the world. The promotion uses wrestlers from the Mexican and American independent circuit, notably wrestlers from Pro Wrestling Guerrilla. On April 6, 2018, The Crash held its first independently promoted show in the United States at The Sugar Mill in New Orleans, Louisiana.

title: The World of Lucha Libre

text: In this chapter, Levi explains that by immersing herself in the practice of lucha libre the secrecy of how a luchador is made was revealed to her. In this section she observes that everyone seems to know that outcomes of lucha libre matches are predetermined, yet emphasizes a secretive element that is said to be unplanned. In her practice as a luchadora, she continues the discussion of lucha libre being fixed, while expressing that she felt the wrestling was real. In the end of the chapter, Levi explains that “secrecy itself is a structuring feature of lucha libre,” and concluded that it is not the secrets, but the secrecy itself that is important in the sport.

title: Lucha libre

text: Since Lucha Libre has its roots more in Latin American professional wrestling than North American professional wrestling it retains some of the basics of the Latin American version such as more weight classes than professional wrestling in North America post World War II. Like "old school" European (especially British) wrestling, some Japanese wrestling and early 20th century American wrestling,[21] Lucha Libre has a detailed weight class system patterned after boxing. Each weight class has an official upper limit, but examples of wrestlers who are technically too heavy to hold their title can be found. The following weight classes exist in Lucha Libre, as defined by the "Comisión de Box y Lucha Libre Mexico D.F." (the Mexico City Boxing and Wrestling Commission), the main regulatory body in Mexico:[22]

title: Lucha Libre Elite

text: On June 26, 2018, it was announced that the Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide and Lucha Libre Elite had reached an agreement and would co-promote wrestling events in the future, as well as wrestlers representing Lucha Libre Elite would appear on AAA shows. In addition, fans were invited to attend dressed in red in case of supporting the fighters of AAA and blue if they are on the side of Elite. On July 21, 2018, Lucha Libre Elite and Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide announced a partnership and co-promoted a show called AAA vs. Elite sponsored by World of Warcraft: Battle for Azeroth. the Lucha Libre Elite roster was also in Triplemanía XXVI. LLE has also partnered with MDA to hold a show in Arena Naucalpan.

title: Konnan

text: On June 24, 2006, Konnan participated in the first "lucha libre" event in San Diego. He stated that “Unfortunately there has never been "lucha libre" in the South Bay, there has never been "lucha libre" for "la raza." Finally they will be able to see the "lucha libre" that they watch on television live here a few minutes from their home.”

title: Occidente Heavyweight Championship

text: The Occidente Heavyweight Championship (called the "Campeonato de Peso Completo de Occidente" in Spanish) is a Mexican Lucha Libre (professional wrestling) championship created by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's (CMLL) Gudalajara branch. The term Occidente refers to the western part of Mexico, specifically the state of Jalisco. sanctioned by "Comisión de Box y Lucha Libre Guadalajara" ("the Guadalajara Boxing and Wrestling Commission" in Spanish). Although the Commission sanctions the title, it does not promote the events in which the title is defended. The current champion is Diamante Azul, who won the championship on February 2. 2014 when he defeated Olímpico. While Diamante Azul is the longest reigning champion, at days, the title has been inactive for long periods of time when Diamante Azul lived in France.

title: Arena Coliseo

text: The 75. Aniversario de Arena Coliseo (Spanish for "Arena Coliseo's 75th Anniversary") show was a major professional wrestling show produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) to commemorate the opening of Arena Coliseo, in 1943. The event took place on April 7, 2018, and featured six matches in total, including a guest appearances from several "leyendas" who had previously worked for CMLL. The main event saw Atlantis and Blue Panther defeat "leyendas" Fuerza Guerrera and El SatánicoUnlike most sports or sports entertainment around the world "Lucha Libre" holds championships in less regards compared to the prestige of winning a "Lucha de Apuesta", literally a "bet match". In a "Lucha de Apuesta" match each competitor "Bets" either their wrestling mask or hair on the outcome of the match and if they lose must unmask or have their hair shaved off in the ultimate form of humiliation. Since the mask holds a sacred place in "Lucha Libre" the most prestigious "Apuesta" is the mask, once it is lost a wrestler is not allowed to put the mask back on when wrestling. As part of the tradition an unmasked wrestler must also reveal their "true identity", which means give their birth name, age and wrestling experience as they lose the "anonymity" of the "enmascarado" character. Over the years Arena Coliseo has been host to a number of "Luchas de Apuestas", including one that many consider the biggest "Luchas de Apuestas" match where "Lucha Libre" icon El Santo defeated and unmasked Black Shadow in 1952. Below is a list of all documented "Luchas de Apuestas" that have taken place in Arena Coliseo since its completion in 1943.

title: Lucha libre

text: The two biggest lucha libre promotions in Mexico are Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), which was founded in 1933, and Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA).[26]

title: IWRG Lucha de Apuestas

text: IWRG Luchas de Apuestas (Spanish for "Bet Match") is a series of professional wrestling Supercard shows , scripted and produced by the "lucha libre" wrestling company International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG; sometimes also referred to as Grupo Internacional Revolución in Spanish). All of the listed Lucha de Apuestas shows have been held in IWRG's home arena Arena Naucalpan in Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. The main event of these shows is a "Lucha de Apuestas" or "bet match" where wrestlers "bet" their mask or hair on outcome of the match and the loser would either have to unmask or be shaved bald afterward in the "lucha libre" traditions. IWRG has run a series of matches billed as either "Máscara vs. Máscara" (Mask vs. Mask), "Máscara vs. Cabellera" (Mask vs. Hair). or "Cabellera vs. Cabellera" over the years, where the main event has been a "Lucha de Apuestas" match.

text: The 55th Anniversary of Lucha Libre in Estadio de Mexico was celebrated by a professional wrestling supercard show produced and scripted by the Mexican "lucha libre" promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG; sometimes referred to as Grupo Internacional Revolución in Mexico) which took place on December 3, 2017 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico (Estadio de Mexico). The event commemorated the sport of "lucha libre" becoming allowed in the State of Mexico, with the first "lucha libre" show held in the state taking place on December 1962. Over the years IWRG has on occasion celebrated the anniversary, although not consistently holding an anniversary show every year.

title: Lucha Libre World Cup (2016)

text: The Lucha Libre World Cup was a two-day professional wrestling event and tournament organized by Mexican professional wrestling promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) with the financial backing of the Grupo Modelo brewery, with Victoria Beer as the official sponsor. The tournament included a number of three-man tag teams, referred to as "trios" in "Lucha Libre", teams and wrestling promotions already announced are AAA, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), Lucha Underground and Pro Wrestling Noah among others. The tournament was announced as "Lucha Libre Victoria World Cup".

title: Lucha Libre (comics)

text:
Albums from Humaoids include:The English translations are being collected into trade paperbacks:
There is also a line of Lucha Libre art toys manufactured by Muttpop and featuring vinyl representations of characters from the series. The toy line is notable for being made available before the first issues of Lucha Libre were published. Muttpop produced toys of four of the Lucha Libre characters, Tequila, El Panda, Red Demon and Dr. Destruction. Various Repaints of the original toys have been made including several designs by Frank Kozik.

title: Lucha libre

text: Lucha libre has become a loanword in English, as evidenced by works such as Los Luchadores, ¡Mucha Lucha!, Lucha Mexico and Nacho Libre. Lucha libre also appears in other pop culture such as mainstream advertising: in Canada, Telus' Koodo Mobile Post Paid cell service uses a cartoon lucha libre wrestler as its spokesperson/mascot.

title: Lucha Libre USA

text: On July 16, 2010, Lucha Libre USA premiered season one of their flagship program "Lucha Libre USA: Masked Warriors" on MTV2. During season one Lucha Libre USA held TV tapings in multiple venues.

title: Wrestling mask

text: In Lucha Libre the highest achievement is not winning a championship but winning the mask of an opponent in a "Luchas de Apuestas" match, a "bet fight" where each wrestler bets their mask. The Luchas de Apuestas match is usually seen as the culmination of a long and heated storyline between two or more wrestlers with the winner getting the "ultimate victory”. It is customary for the loser of such a match to reveal his real name, where he's from and how long he has been a wrestler before taking the mask off to show his face. Unmasked wrestlers will wager their hair instead, risking having his or her head shaved bald in case of defeat. There can be several reasons to book a "Luchas de Apuestas" match beyond the obvious purporse of elevating the winner. If the loser is a younger wrestler then the loss of the mask can sometimes lead to a promotional push after unmasking, or the wrestler is being given a new ring persona. Older wrestlers often lose their masks during the last couple of years of their career, often for a big payday depending on how long and successful a career they've had, The more successful the wrestler that's unmasked the bigger the honor for the winner.

text: The 49th Anniversary of Lucha Libre in Estado de México was celebrated by a major professional wrestling show produced and scripted by the Mexican "lucha libre" promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG; sometimes referred to as "Grupo Internacional Revolución" in Mexico) and took place on December 4, 2011 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico ("Estado de México"). The event commemorated the sport of "lucha libre" becoming allowed in the State of Mexico, with the first "lucha libre" show held in the state taking place on December 1962. Over the years IWRG has on occasion celebrated the anniversary, although not consistently holding an anniversary show every year.

title: Konnan

title: Lucha libre

text: Chikara Incredibly Strange Wrestling Invasion Mundial de Lucha Libre Lucha Libre USA Lucha VaVOOM Lucha Underground

text: The history of "lucha libre", or professional wrestling in Mexico goes all the way back to the early 1900s where individual promoters would hold shows on a local basis in various Mexican states. In 1933 Salvador Lutteroth created Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL; Spanish for "Mexican Wrestling Enterprise") and in subsequent years took EMLL to a national level. In the 1930s and 1940s various Mexican states (as well as Mexico City, which is a federal district and not part of any state) began to create "lucha libre" commissions, often as an extension of the existing boxing commissions, responsible for overview of "lucha libre" in each state, licensing wrestlers and ensuring the rules were being enforced. In the State of Mexico "lucha libre" was not officially sanctioned until late 1962, with the first "lucha libre" show in the state held in December 1962.

title: Diamante Azul

text: While the wrestler who would later become known as Diamante Azul has never revealed his birth name, he did unveil that he was born on December 20, 1982. "Lucha libre" has a long-held tradition of not revealing the birth name of masked wrestlers unless they are later unmasked. Due to the secretive nature of "lucha libre" it is possible that he made his wrestling debut prior to 2007 under a masked or unmasked identity that has not been revealed yet.

title: Lourdes Grobet

text: Grobet wanted her work to contribute to history, so she started on a path bring about social relevance in her photography. Her photography led her to explore the Lucha Libre like she had wanted to as a child. She spent a lot of time getting to know the luchadores. Grobet has done some theatre and video and has published a few works such as: "Lourdes Grobet," an autobiography, and "Lucha Libre: Masked Superstars of Mexican Wrestling", "Lourdes Grobet: Lucha Libre" (2005), "Espectacular de Lucha Libre" (2008), "Lucha libre Mexicana" (2008). Grobet has had quite a lot of exhibitions, and has received many grants and awards for her work.