query: When was Knights of the Dinner Table first published?

title: Knights of the Dinner Table

text: In Shadis #2 (March/April 1990), Jolly Blackburn began to run a comic that he had written called Knights of the Dinner Table, which depicted the humorous interactions of a gaming group. When Blackburn published that first Knights strip, he thought that he was just filling a blank page but when he tried to replace it with more professional strips beginning with Shadis #6, there was an outcry; because of that outcry Knights soon returned.[3]:262 Blackburn also published Knights of the Dinner Table as a comic book, the first three issues of which appeared from his company Alderac Entertainment Games over the next year (1994-1995).[3]:263 As a result of diverging interests with his partners, Blackburn left Alderac in 1995, with Shadis #21 (December 1995) being his final issue; he kept the rights to Knights of the Dinner Table.[3]:263 Blackburn formed a new company called KODT Enteractive Facktory, which was to publish the Knights of the Dinner Table comic monthly.[3]:309 While he was working on getting that new company together, Blackburn received a call from the editor of TSR's Dragon magazine, asking if the Knights of the Dinner Table strip was now available; although Blackburn originally planned to continue the strip in Shadis, he accepted the offer and Knights of the Dinner Table thus began appearing beginning in Dragon #226 (February, 1996).[3]:309 While working on Knights of the Dinner Table #4 (1996), Blackburn concluded that he really did not want to go it alone, and David Kenzer and the staff of Kenzer & Company wanted to get Blackburn to join their company.[3]:309 In November 1996 when David Kenzer and others were visiting Blackburn over the course of a local con, and Blackburn decided that Kenzer had the sort of business sense and integrity that he was looking for in a partner.[3]:309 Starting with issue #5 (February 1997) Knights of the Dinner Table was the work of the "KoTD Development Team" which consisted of Jolly Blackburn, David Kenzer, Brian Jelke and Steve Johansson.[3]:310

title: HackMaster

text: Kenzer & Company received many requests from fans of the comic to produce an actual "HackMaster" game, but initially they thought that licensing "Dungeons & Dragons" would be impossible. In 1999 the "Dragon Magazine Archive" software was published where Wizards of the Coast failed to get permission to reprint many of the original articles such as the "Knights of the Dinner Table" comic in the electronic media archive. A lawsuit was filed and settled out of court, they reached an agreement about creating a derivative work, that led to K&C's publication of "HackMaster 4th Edition" in 2001. As a nod to the fictional version from the comic, this first edition of "Hackmaster" was published as the 4th Edition.

title: Andrew Gillum

text: In October 2015, more than 400 strangers gathered around a 350-foot-long table in downtown Tallahassee to participate in the launch of The Longest Table, an annual initiative aiming to use the dinner table as a medium for generating meaningful conversation among people of diverse ethnic, religious, and political backgrounds. Organized by the Office of the Mayor and spearheaded by Community Engagement Director Jamie Van Pelt, the project won a $57,250 grant from the Knight Cities Challenge via the Knight Foundation.

title: Black Gate (magazine)

text: In addition to fiction, "Black Gate" also featured reviews of fantasy novels, graphic novels, and role playing game products. This was supplemented by columns and articles reflecting on fantasy literature's past as well as the occasional interview. Every issue contained the comic "Knights of the Dinner Table: Java Joint" by Kenzer & Company of Knights of the Dinner Table fame.

title: Knights of the Dinner Table

text: The Knights themselves have encountered several recurring non-player characters in their (various) roleplaying campaigns. Among these are:

title: Knights of the Dinner Table

text: KoDT first started in the second issue of Shadis magazine in March 1990 when then editor Jolly R. Blackburn decided to draw a simple strip of his own to put on the last page which he called Knights of the Dinner Table. The first comic only contained B.A. and Bob. Over the next three issues Blackburn continued to draw his own comics (adding in Dave and Brian), but by the sixth issue he had acquired other comics and replaced KoDT with them. Readers, however, demanded the return of the Knights strip. It was brought back in the eighth issue and lasted into the 21st.

title: King of RPGs

text: Thompson first submitted the idea to Tokyopop's "Rising Stars of Manga" contest in 2004, and was inspired by "Hikaru no Go" and "Knights of the Dinner Table".

title: Knights of the Dinner Table

text: Several games based on the comic have been published:

title: The Idylls of the Queen

text: The obscure knight Sir Patrise is poisoned at a dinner party given by Queen Guenevere in Camelot, and Sir Mador, the dead knight's cousin, accuses the Queen of the murder. Her fate is to be determined through trial by combat. If the champion fighting on her behalf wins she will be declared innocent; if not, she will be burned at the stake. Unfortunately for her, the best Knights of the Round Table were all present at the dinner, which disqualifies them from championing her, and the mightiest of all, her secret lover Sir Lancelot, has gone missing.

title: Knights of the Dinner Table Illustrated

text: The first monthly issue was published in June 2000.

title: Knights of the Dinner Table

text: Since the comic centers around a community of role-playing gamers, the characters are seen playing many games that are analogues of real-world games (some of which were then published as real-world games). They include:

title: Fuzzy Knights

text: Fuzzy Knights was an online comic created by Noah J.D. Chinn and published by Kenzer & Company. It starred stuffed animals who enjoy role-playing games such as "HackMaster" and "Dungeons & Dragons". What started out as a simple one-shot tribute to the Kenzer gamer comic series, Knights of the Dinner Table, turned into a cult hit that continues to gain new fans. Gary Gygax, co-creator of Dungeons & Dragons, was an admitted fan of the Fuzzy Knights and wrote a promo for the trade-paperbacks (see below).

title: Knights of the Round Table (film)

text: Knights of the Round Table is a 1953 British-American historical Eastmancolor film made by MGM in England and Ireland. Directed by Richard Thorpe and produced by Pandro S. Berman, it was the first film in CinemaScope made by that studio. The screenplay was by Talbot Jennings, and Noel Langley from Sir Thomas Malory's "Le Morte d'Arthur", first published in 1485 by William Caxton.

title: Shovel Knight

text: While ascending the tower, Shovel Knight unwittingly falls into the midst of the members of the Order of No Quarter as they eat dinner. They demand a rematch, and Shovel Knight duels each knight one by one atop the banqueting table. Emerging victorious over them once again, Shovel Knight may help them up, reeling in the chain onto which the defeated knights are clinging.

title: Mur Lafferty

text: Lafferty's early career began with her writing for White Wolf and other role playing game companies, and she has expanded to writing about games for such publications as "Scrye", "Knights of the Dinner Table", "Anime Insider", "Games Quarterly", and "The Escapist". Her popular podcast novel "Playing For Keeps" was published by Swarm Press on August 25, 2008.

title: Knights of the Dinner Table

text: The boardgame Orcs At The Gates, published in 1998, and an expansion Orcs: The Reckoning in 1999. The base game won the 1999 Origins Award for Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Boardgame. The card game Knights of the Dinner Table: HACK!, published in 2001. Four Lost Worlds gamebooks were published by Flying Buffalo based on the comic's famous "Untouchable Trio +1" (Bob's "Knuckles", Dave's "El Ravager", Sara's "Thorina", and Brian's "Teflon Billy"). HackMaster, a real-world realization of the game played in the comic, was published by Kenzer and Company. Based on the first edition of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (system used under license), it won the Origins Award for Game of the Year 2001.

title: Knights of the Dinner Table

text: Characters who are not part of a gaming group.

title: Knights of the Dinner Table

text: An event held at the Origins Game Fair, and possibly other Gaming conventions, is the Knights Of The Dinner Table live reading. People in attendance will put their name into a random drawing. The "winners" go up on stage, sit around a table, and act out the comic book, with hilarious results.

title: TV tray table

text: TV tray tables became popular in the 1950s as a way to hold food and beverage items while watching TV, the iconic item being a TV dinner. National advertising for TV tray tables first appeared in 1952, a full year before Swanson introduced the TV dinner in October 1953. A set of four TV tables were sometimes sold mounted on a small rack where they could be hung when not in use. This rack was popularly placed in a corner of the living room.

title: Treason in Arthurian legend

text: Queen Guinevere found herself facing accusations of treason several times over the course of recorded Arthurian legend. In Malory's Le Morte d’Arthur, she is accused first in the "Poisoned Apple" episode, when at a dinner she holds for some of the knights of the Round Table, one of the knights, Sir Patrise, dies from eating a poisoned apple intended for Gawain. The real culprit is Sir Pinell, but Guinevere is the accused because it she who gathered the knights for the dinner. Guinevere is accused of treason because, as Malory writes, "the custome was at that tyme that all manner of shameful deth was called treson." The death is defined as treason because "Guinevere's alleged murder of Patryse is a crime against the fellowship, and therefore against Arthur as well." Similarly, in "The Knight of the Cart" episode, Guinevere is accused of treason by the knight Meliagaunt when he discovers blood on her sheets and assumes that she has spent the night with one of her knights who was captured with her. Meligaunt accuses her of being unfaithful to Arthur and even of "hyghe treson." For the French however, the act of adultery would not necessarily have been considered such under the law. In both the case of "the Poisoned Apple" and the "Knight of the Cart," Guinevere is acquitted of the crime through Lancelot dueling to defend her innocence. This trial by combat is used in lieu of an actual refined judicial proceedings, and Lancelot's ability to fight in place of an actual judicial process undermines the legal procedures of the day. It is Lancelot's strength as a knight and not the strength of Arthur's courtly judicial system that ultimately saves Guinevere.

title: John Zinser (game designer)

text: In 1992, Jolly Blackburn added John Zinser and David Seay as partners in Alderac Entertainment Group. In 1994, Zinser was working on an original CCG, "Legend of the Five Rings", which began as an idea from a conversation between Zinser and Seay discussing the 1980 RPG "Bushido". Blackburn left Alderac in 1995 because he felt that Zinser and Seay were looking for success in the CCG industry while he wanted to keep the company fun and small and focus on "Knights of the Dinner Table". According to Zinser, he wanted the in debt company to grow at a faster pace than Blackburn was comfortable with. so, a split was agreed upon, with Blackburn leaving with the rights to "Knights of the Dinner Table" and a few other properties. In 1996 Five Rings Publishing Group was formed, with Robert Abramowitz as the President of the new company, Ryan Dancey becoming VP of Product Development and Zinser becoming VP of Sales. Zinser was listed as providing advice on Pinnacle Entertainment Group's RPG "" (1998).

title: Knights of the Dinner Table

text: Knights of the Dinner Table (KoDT) is a comic book/strip created by Jolly R. Blackburn[1][2] and published by Kenzer & Company. It primarily focuses on a group of role playing gamers and their actions at the gaming table, which often result in unfortunate, but humorous consequences in the game. The name is a parody of King Arthur's round table reinforced by the truism that roleplaying aficionados often end up sitting round their host's dinner table as it is the only one large enough to accommodate the party (4 to 8 people typically).

title: Dining in

text: For Trafalgar Night Mess Dinners, the routine varies slightly from a normal dinner night. When the main course is about to be served, the Baron of Beef is first paraded around the table behind a drummer. Similarly, before commencing the service of the sweet, the Ships of the Line are also paraded around the table in a similar fashion to the Beef. The toasts used at dinner on Trafalgar Night are:

title: Knights of the Dinner Table Illustrated

text: Knights of the Dinner Table Illustrated (a.k.a. "K.ILL") is a comic book created by Jolly R. Blackburn and is published by Kenzer & Company. It portrays many of the same stories as Knights of the Dinner Table (KODT) but from the point of view of the player characters themselves.

title: Knights of the Dinner Table

text: The main group of characters are the members of a gaming group known as "The Knights of the Dinner Table" in a fictionalized version of Muncie, Indiana. The players' best-known and most often-used characters are the HackMaster characters known as the "Untouchable Trio (Plus One)" (abbreviated as "UT+1"). They consist of:

title: Jolly Blackburn

text: Blackburn joined Kenzer in December 1996, and Kenzer published his comic book monthly beginning with a reprint of issue #4. The "KoDT" comic strip moved to "Dragon" in issue #226, becoming very popular. "Over the years I've often wondered just what it is that causes all the fuss... I'm the first to look at the typical strip and say, 'It's not "all" that!'" In 2001, Kenzer published the "HackMaster" role-playing game, which was based on the fictional game played by the characters in the "Knights of the Dinner Table" comic strip.

title: Dragon (magazine)

text: In 1999 a compilation of the first 250 issues was released in PDF format with a special viewer including an article and keyword search on a CD-ROM package. Also included were the 7 issues of "The Strategic Review". This compilation is known as the software title "Dragon Magazine Archive". Because of issues raised with the 2001 ruling in "Greenberg v. National Geographic" regarding the reprint rights of various comic scripts (such as "Wormy", " What's New with Phil & Dixie", "Snarf Quest", and "Knights of the Dinner Table" which had been covered in TSR's own statement in the first issue that "All material published herein becomes the exclusive property of the publisher unless special arrangements to the contrary are made.") that had been printed in "Dragon" over the years and Paizo Publishing's policy that creators of comics retain their copyright, the "Dragon Magazine Archive" is out of print and very hard to find.

title: Fuzzy Knights

text: The first online strip appeared on Noah's personal website on December 8, 2002. Not long after, it was given a print strip within the Knights of the Dinner Table magazine itself, starting with issue 75. The Fuzzy Knights Online strips moved to the Kenzer & Company website on April 8, 2003 with updates twice a week.

title: Knights of the Dinner Table

text: Also in 1996, KoDT began publication in a monthly comic book, Knights of the Dinner Table Magazine, which is still in publication. Initially produced by Blackburn himself, the series was later picked up by game publishers Kenzer & Company,[2] who began publication with a second printing of issue four after an error made by Blackburn rendered the first printing nearly unreadable. Blackburn also joined KenzerCo as a vice president and continued to produce KoDT stories. Several of the other executives and game designers at KenzerCo began contributing ideas and collaborating with Blackburn on the strips, eventually becoming collectively known as the KoDT Development Team (or simply "the D-Team"). KoDT has since arguably become the flagship property of Kenzer & Company, with the magazine having evolved into a (often KenzerCo-themed) all-around gaming publication, rivaling Dragon's former prominence in the industry (before the latter began to focus exclusively on TSR/Wizards of the Coast products). Several games produced by KenzerCo since the acquisition have been derived from ideas presented in KoDT strips, such as Fairy Meat; conversely, references to KenzerCo-produced games, such as Kingdoms of Kalamar, appear from time to time in KoDT.

title: Knights of the Dinner Table

text: In 2000, a monthly spin-off comic was created, titled Knights of the Dinner Table Illustrated, AKA K.ILL. The comic depicts many of the adventures described within KotDT; however, K.ILL shows the player characters' actions rather than those of the players behind them.


query: What is the oldest city in Myanmar?

title: Pyu city-states

text: Beikthano (Burmese: ဗိဿနိုး [beɪʔθənó]) situated in the irrigated Minbu region (near present-day Taungdwingyi) with direct land access to the well-watered Kyaukse plains to its northeast, is the oldest urban site so far discovered and scientifically excavated site. Its remains—the structures, pottery, artefacts, and human skeletons—date from 200 BCE to 100 CE. Named after the Hindu god Vishnu, the city may be the first capital of a culturally and perhaps even politically uniform state in the history of Burma. It was a large fortified settlement, measuring approximately 300 hectares inside the rectangular (3km by 1km) walls. The walls and fortifications along it measured six meters thick, and are radiocarbon dated to a period between 180 BCE and 610 CE. Like most subsequent cities, the main entrance of the walls led to the palace, which faced east. Stupas and monastic buildings have also been excavated within the city walls.[11][19]

title: Maungmagan

text:
Maungmagan is a village and beach located approximately 12 kilometers north-west of Dawei, the capital of Taninthayi Division. It is the second oldest beach locale established in Myanmar after Ngapali.
Maungmagan is approximately 25-minutes drive away from Dawei and 75 minutes flight from Yangon, the principal city of Myanmar. It was a popular beach destination in Myanmar until the establishment of Chaungtha which was much more closer to Yangon. The beach is being redeveloped by the Burmese government due to its proximity to Bangkok's tourist market through the newly opened (Aug 2013) Phu Nam Ron border gate. It is intended that Maungmagan and its neighbouring beaches of San Maria Bay and Nabule will become stop overs for the much promoted ecotourism to the Myeik Archipelago

title: List of cities and largest towns in Myanmar

text: The following is a list of cities and largest towns in Myanmar 5,000 & bigger by UNFPA Myanmar. The capitals of states and regions in Myanmar are Bold.

title: 2018 MNL-2

text: The 2018 National League 2, also known as the 2018 MPT Myanmar National League 2, is the 6th season of the MNL-2, the second division league for association football clubs since its founding in 2012. At the end of the 2017 MNL-2, City Yangon F.C. won the MNL-2 title. And then, City Yangon F.C. and Sagaing United promoted to 2018 Myanmar National League. But City Yangon F.C. quit from Myanmar National League. So, Myawady FC auto promoted to 2018 Myanmar National League. City Yangon F.C. and Chin United F.C. abandoned their clubs. In 2018 National League 2, there is only seven will play for MNL-2 winner.

title: 2013 Myanmar anti-Muslim riots

text: The 2013 Myanmar anti-Muslim riots were a series of conflicts in various cities throughout central and eastern Myanmar (Burma).

title: Etiquette in Myanmar

text: Myanmar is a sovereign state located in the Southeast Asian region. Myanmar is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Thailand and Laos to its east and China to its north and northeast. Its capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city and former capital is Yangon (Rangoon). Myanmar has been a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1997.

title: List of cities, towns and villages in Myanmar: B

text: An A-Z list of cities, towns and villages in Myanmar. Many places within the country may have the same name. For a smaller list of the larger cities in Burma by state see List of cities in Myanmar. Settlements B:

title: Asha Bhat

text: In the month of June she travelled to Myanmar. She judged the Miss Golden Land Myanmar 2015 pageant held on June 21, 2015 at Myanmar Convention Center where L Bwak Nu was crowned Miss Supraational Myanmar 2015. While in Myanmar she visited the Shwedagon Pagoda located in Yangon and along with the Miss Golden Land Myanmar 2015 titleholder she visited Bagan City on June 24, 2015 for charity events of Shwe Gu Orphanage Care & Training Monastery & Naga Kyit Home for the Aged.

title: Myanmar at the 2012 Summer Olympics

text: Myanmar Olympic Committee sent a total of six athletes to the Games, an equal share between men and women, to compete in 5 sports, tying the record with Beijing at a single Olympics. Among these athletes, archer Nay Myo Aung and single sculls rower Shwe Zin Latt competed at their second consecutive Olympics. Pistol shooter Maung Kyu, who competed at his first Olympics, was the oldest member of the team, at age 41. Meanwhile, track runner Zaw Win Thet, the youngest of the team, at age 21, was appointed by the committee to be Myanmar's flag bearer at the opening ceremony. Myanmar also marked its Olympic return in judo after a twenty-year absence.

title: The Myanmar Times

text: The Myanmar Times ( ), founded in 2000, is the oldest privately owned and operated English-language newspaper in Myanmar. A division of Myanmar Consolidated Media Co., Ltd. (MCM), "The Myanmar Times" published weekly English and Burmese-language news journals until March 2015, when the English edition began publishing daily, five days per week. Its head offices are in Yangon, with additional bureaus in Mandalay and Nay Pyi Taw.

title: Border control

text: The Assam Rifles, one of India's oldest continuously existent paramillitary units, has been responsible for physical controls on the border between India and Myanmar since 2002. The boder area between India, Myanmar, and China is largely made up of minority groups, many of which are transboundary communities. Consequently, enforcing border controls is a challenge for all three countries, and porous sections of the border between India and Myanmar have historically been common since Myanmar was formerly a part of the British Indian Empire.

title: Mara Evangelical Church

text: Mara Evangelical Church or MEC in short is one of the Churches in Myanmar, formerly Burma founded by English missionaries Rev. & Mrs. Reginald Arthur Lorrain in the year 1907. It is one of the oldest Churches in Chin State, Myanmar. It was part of the unified Mara Church among the Mara people until it had to become an independent Church after India and Myanmar attained Independence from the British Raj in 1947. The Mara Church in India is being inherited by Evangelical Church of Maraland and Congregational Church of India, Maraland (CCI-M), while the one in Myanmar became MEC.

title: Naypyidaw

text: Naypyidaw, officially spelled Nay Pyi Taw (Burmese: နေပြည်တော်; MLCTS: Nepranytau; pronounced[nèpjìdɔ̀], formerly known as Kyetpyay, Pyinmana or Kyatpyay, Pyinmana), is the capital city of Myanmar and seat of the government of Myanmar. It is administered as the Naypyidaw Union Territory, as per the Constitution.[1] It is unusual among Myanmar's cities, being an entirely planned city outside of any state or region, similar to Canberra in Australia, Brasília in Brazil, Washington, D.C. in the United States and Islamabad in Pakistan.

title: Sidoktaya

text: Sidoktaya is one of the oldest ancient towns in Myanmar. It is established by Prince Yazakumar (a. Min Zaya Khittaya or Min Thiri Khittaya) in Year 460 (Myanmar Era) (about 1098 A.D.). Now it is over 900 years of age. there are many archaeological places including Si-kyek-taung Pagoda, Aung-kyar Thiri Pagoda, and Sutaungpyi Pagoda. The ancient city wall had been found buried in some places.

title: Myanmar–Vietnam relations

text: Myanmar–Vietnam relations refer to the historical and current relationship between Myanmar and Vietnam. Both are members of the ASEAN and have engaged in relationship between two countries. Myanmar has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate general in Hồ Chí Minh City while Vietnam maintains their embassy in Yangon.

title: Mawlamyine

text: The University of Mawlamyine, which was established in 1953 is the major university for the south eastern region and offers both bachelor's and master's degree programs in liberal arts and sciences. The University of Mawlamyine is the third oldest Arts and Science university in the country after Yangon University (est 1878) and Mandalay University (est 1925). Mawlamyine University is one of few universities in Myanmar, offering a degree in Marine Science. Its Marine Science Laboratory in Setse, a coastal town about 83 km south of Mawlamyine was the first of its kind in Myanmar. Technological University (Mawlamyine) offers technological and engineering courses. The Mawlamyine campus of Yezin Agricultural University, which is administered by Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MOALI) offers agriculture courses. Government Technical Institute (Mawlamyine), which also offers vocational engineering courses located in outskirts of the city. Mawlamyine Education College and Mawlamyine Institute of Education are also located in the city.

title: International reactions to the 2016–17 Rohingya persecution in Myanmar

text: Since 25 August 2017, Bangladesh has received at least 655,500 refugees. As of 11 January 2018, 971,627 refugees were registered in Bangladesh. The Parliament of Bangladesh adopted a unanimous resolution urging the international community to pressure Myanmar to provide citizenship and safe return for the Rohingya. The President of Bangladesh Abdul Hamid suggested that a United Nations-administered humanitarian corridor be established in Myanmar for the Rohingya. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said, "They (Myanmar) should stop the violence. The Myanmar government should have handled this situation patiently and not allowed the army to attack the common people. What are the crimes of the women, children, the innocent people? They are not responsible". Foreign Minister Abul Hassan Mahmud Ali said that Myanmar's actions were being described as genocide. National Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh chairman Kazi Reazul Hoque alluded to the prospect of international prosecution of Myanmar forces: "The way the genocide has been carried out in Myanmar, the way the people were killed in arson attacks, we are thinking about pressing for a trial against Myanmar, and against the Myanmar army at an international tribunal". The Bangladeshi foreign ministry summoned the Myanmar envoy several times since the crisis began, protesting the refugee influx and alleged intrusions by Myanmar aircraft into Bangladeshi airspace. Major General Abul Hussain, a border force commander, promised a "befitting reply" to any "untoward situation" on the Bangladesh-Myanmar border.

title: Medical Universities (Myanmar)

text:
The University of Medicine-1, formerly the Institute of Medicine-1, is the oldest of four medical institutions in Myanmar (formerly Burma). The students of four medical universities are selected from the candidates, who pass with the highest science scores in the matriculation examination of Myanmar. The university offers an M.B.B.S. equivalent of the M.D. degree. The University of Medicine-1 has three major campuses: (1) Lanmadaw Township campus, (2) Pyay Road campus, and (3) Thaton Road campus.
UMI is training 600 doctors every year and 73 postgraduate courses.

title: Brahmaso Humanitarian Aid Organisation

text: Brahmaso Humanitarian Aid Organisation (; abbreviated BHAO) is a humanitarian aid organisation based on Mandalay, Myanmar. The organisation is Myanmar's oldest free funeral service organisation.

title: Sino-Tibetan languages

text:
Burmese is the national language of Myanmar, and the first language of some 33 million people.
Burmese speakers first entered the northern Irrawaddy basin from what is now western Yunnan in the early 9th century, when the Pyu city-states had been weakened by an invasion by Nanzhao.
Other Burmish languages are still spoken in Dehong Prefecture in the far west of Yunnan.
By the 11th century their Pagan Kingdom had expanded over the whole basin.
The oldest texts, such as the Myazedi inscription, date from the early 12th century.

title: Communist Party of Burma

text: The Communist Party of Burma (; abbreviated CPB) is the oldest existing political party in Myanmar (also known as Burma). It was founded on 15 August 1939 at a meeting attended by seven founding members, including Aung San, the father of modern-day Myanmar. The party was banned in 1953 by the government of Myanmar, and its operation remains illegal in the country.

title: Myanmar Radio National Service

text: Myanmar Radio National Service (; formerly, Burma Broadcasting Service (BBS)), is the national radio service of Myanmar. It has its broadcasting headquarters in both the administrative capital of Naypyidaw and Yangon, Myanmar's largest city. The service runs Myanmar Radio and Myanmar Radio Minorities Service. Like all legally operating radio stations in Myanmar, such as Yangon City FM and Mandalay City FM, Myanmar Radio is under state management.

title: Malaysia–Myanmar relations

text: Due to the unstoppable human exodus from Myanmar until 2016 which also have since affecting Malaysia, Prime Minister Najib Razak decide to join a rally to Myanmar embassy with the protestors gathered in Titiwangsa Stadium of Kuala Lumpur. The event was organised by Malay Muslim groups, political parties as well non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in 4 December to urge Myanmar to stop of what been labelled by Malaysia as a “genocide to Muslim as well to its minority people” and calling the international community to put a pressure into Myanmar. During the rally, the Prime Minister said:

title: Motors Myanmar

text: Motors Myanmar is an online E-commerce platform for Automobiles and other types of vehicles. Operating in Myanmar since October 2013 under Carmudi, Motors Myanmar is connected to 220 showrooms within Yangon, in addition to having partnerships with over 95% of car dealerships in the city.

title: Index of Myanmar-related articles

text: Lacquerware - Lae Sar - Lahe - Lahpet - Lahu - Laiza - Languages of Myanmar - Lanmadaw Township - Labutta - Labutta Township - Lashio - Lawkananda Pagoda - Lawksawk - Laymyethna Township - Lay Phyu - Ledo Road - Legya - Lemyethna - Leshi - Lethwei - Lewe - LGBT rights in Burma (Gay rights) -List of birds of Burma - List of bishops of Rangoon - List of Burmese actors - List of Burmese film directors - List of Burmese monarchs - List of cities in Myanmar - List of ethnic groups in Myanmar - List of islands of Myanmar -List of male actors from Myanmar- List of museums in Burma- List of museums in Yangon- List of Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards - List of people on stamps of Myanmar - List of political parties in Myanmar - Lisu - Lisu Church - List of Mon monarchs - List of Shan states and rulers - Literature of Myanmar - Lo Hsing Han - Loikaw - Loilem - Longyi - Lower Burma - Ludu Daw Amar (.) - Ludu U Hla - Luongphaw Ajar Tala Uttama - Lweje

title: Yangon

text: Yangon ( ' , lit. 'End of Strife'; formerly known as Rangoon) is the capital of the Yangon Region of Myanmar (also known as Burma). Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar until 2006, when the military government relocated the capital to the purpose-built city of Naypyidaw in central Myanmar. With over 7 million people, Yangon is Myanmar's largest city and its most important commercial centre.

title: Holy See–Myanmar relations

text: Holy See–Myanmar relations refers to bilateral relations between the Holy See, which is sovereign over the Vatican City, and Myanmar, also known as Burma. As of August 2017, Archbishop Paul Tschang In-Nam is the first Apostolic Nuncio to Myanmar, while San Lwin is Myanmar's ambassador to the Holy See.

title: Myanmar

text: Myanmar (; ), officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a country in Southeast Asia. Myanmar is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Thailand and Laos to its east and China to its north and northeast. To its south, about one third of Myanmar's total perimeter of forms an uninterrupted coastline of along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census counted the population to be 51 million people. As of 2017, the population is about 54 million. Myanmar is in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city and former capital is Yangon (Rangoon). Myanmar has been a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) since 1997.

title: Kolkata

text:
The Eastern Command of the Indian Army is based in the city.
Being one of India's major city and the largest city in eastern and north-eastern India, Kolkata hosts diplomatic missions of many countries such as Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Canada, People's Republic of China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Srilanka, Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom and United States. The U.S Consulate in Kolkata is the US Department of State's second oldest Consulate and dates from 19 November 1792.

title: China–Myanmar relations

text: After the Kokang incident in August 2009 which gained international media interest, some experts questioned its impact on China–Myanmar relations, which were considered to be strong. Bertil Lintner stated that Myanmar was prioritizing internal conflicts over its ties with China, however some Chinese analysts, such as Shi Yinhong, played down the relationship between Myanmar and China, saying "They're not great friends. They don't listen to what China says." China had urged Myanmar to ensure the stability of the border area and protect the interests of its citizens in Myanmar. The Burmese Foreign Ministry later apologised to China about the incident, but also ran a story on the Dalai Lama in the government newspaper the "Myanmar Times", the first mention of him in the state controlled Burmese media for 20 years. Chinese officials were said to be "furious" and "extremely upset" over not being forewarned about the offensive on the border.

title: Thai–Myanmar Friendship Bridge

text: The Thai–Myanmar Friendship Bridge is a bridge over the Moei river, which connects the city of Mae Sot in Tak Province in Thailand with the city of Myawaddy in Kayin State in Myanmar. This international bridge is long and wide. The bridge forms an important link on Asian Highway 1 of Asian Highway Network.


query: Who played the second Doctor Who on TV?

title: Second Doctor

text: The Second Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. He was portrayed by character actor Patrick Troughton.

title: Second Doctor comic stories

text: When the War Games aired on the BBC and there was an absence in Doctor Who episodes broadcast, TV Comic continued to print comics featuring the second doctor and tied this into the series with the story line of when the second doctor was captured by the Time Lords in the end of the War Games and was put on trial for meddling in the affairs of other races and was forced to regenerate, he escaped with the help of the CIA (Celestial Intervention Agency) and worked with them for a while, until he was forced to return to Earth, where furthermore he hid from the Time Lords, fighting monsters until they sent what appeared to be scarecrows working for the Time Lords to force the second doctor to regenerate into the third. This story line became known as the Doctor Who Season 6B.

title: Valentine Dyall

text: In 1975, at London's Royal Court Theatre, Dyall played Dr. Rance in a major revival of Joe Orton's play, "What the Butler Saw". Between 1977 and 1979, he made regular appearances as Dr. Pascal Keldermans in all three seasons of the BBC TV series "Secret Army". He then joined the cast of the BBC's "Doctor Who", portraying the Black Guardian in several serials ("The Armageddon Factor" in 1979 and the "Mawdryn Undead'Terminus'Enlightenment" trilogy in 1983) and voicing the role of Captain Slarn for the "Doctor Who" radio serial "Slipback". Around the same time, he featured in the radio version of "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", playing Gargravarr. In the TV and LP versions, he voiced the computer Deep Thought. He also played the character Norl in the "Blake's 7" episode "City at the Edge of the World" and Lord Angus in the 1983 "Black Adder" episode "Witchsmeller Pursuivant". Also in 1983, he joined many other Doctor Who cast and crew members at Longleat for the "Doctor Who" 20th Anniversary celebrations.

title: Doctor Who spin-offs

text: "Doctor Who - The Ultimate Adventure" was mounted at Wimbledon Theatre in London for several months starting in March 1989. This musical play paired the Doctor with a set of new companions in a battle against not only the Daleks but the Cybermen as well. Jon Pertwee initially starred in the play for the first half of its run, reprising the Third Doctor. For the second half of the run, Colin Baker starred as the Sixth Doctor. For two performances during Pertwee's tenure, Davis Banks (best known for playing various Cybermen in the TV series) played the Doctor when Pertwee fell ill.

title: David Langton

text: In 1968 director Douglas Camfield chose Langton to portray Colonel Lethbridge-Stewart in the "Doctor Who" serial "The Web of Fear", but Langton dropped out to perform in a TV play before production began, so Camfield gave the part to Nicholas Courtney, who had originally been cast in different role. As played by Courtney, the character of Lethbridge-Stewart (better known as the Brigadier) returned to "Doctor Who" the next year and became one of its most recognisable supporting characters, appearing in "Doctor Who" irregularly until 1989 and making a final appearance in spin-off "The Sarah Jane Adventures" in 2008.

title: List of Doctor Who comic stories

text: The comic-strip adventures of the Doctor appeared almost from the beginning of the television series, first in the 1960s publication "TV Comic" and then during the 1970s in the mainly Gerry Anderson-related comic "Countdown", later renamed "TV Action". After "TV Action" ceased publication, the strip returned to "TV Comic" until 1978. Both the First and Second Doctors were, for a time, shown travelling with two children named John and Gillian who were identified as the Doctor's grandchildren. Their place within established continuity has challenged fans ever since, although various spin-off fiction venues have attempted to reconcile their existence.

title: Billie Piper

text: In the autumn of 2003, it was announced that "Doctor Who" would be resurrected in 2005 after a sixteen-year absence from TV; the casting of Piper as Rose Tyler, a travelling companion to the ninth incarnation of The Doctor (to be played by Christopher Eccleston), was announced in May 2004. Piper won the Most Popular Actress category at the 2005 and 2006 National Television Awards for her work on "Doctor Who". BBC News named her one of its "Faces of the Year" for 2005, primarily due to her success in "Doctor Who". At "The South Bank Show" Awards in January 2006, she was awarded "The Times" Breakthrough Award for her successful transition from singing to acting. In March, the Television and Radio Industries Club named her as the best new TV talent at their annual awards ceremony. In September, she was named Best Actress at the TV Quick and TV Choice Awards.

title: Doctor Who spin-offs

text: Comic strip adventures of the Doctor appeared almost from the beginning of the television series, first in the 1960s publication "TV Comic", and during the 1970s in the mainly Gerry Anderson-related comic "Countdown", later renamed "TV Action". After "TV Action" ceased publication, the strip returned to "TV Comic" until 1978. Both the First and Second Doctors were, for a time, shown travelling with two youngsters named John and Gillian who are identified as the Doctor's grandchildren. Their place within established continuity has challenged fans ever since, although attempts have been made to reconcile their existence in various spin-off fiction venues.

title: Roger Lloyd-Pack

text: In 2005, he appeared in the second series of ITV's "Doc Martin" as a farmer who held a grudge against Doctor Ellingham for what he believed was the malpractice-related death of his wife. In 2006, he played John Lumic and provided the voice of the Cyber-Controller in two episodes of "Doctor Who", "Rise of the Cybermen" and "The Age of Steel", opposite David Tennant, who had played his son in the same "Harry Potter" film. Lloyd-Pack's final TV appearance was in "" as Alex Greene.

title: Second Doctor comic stories

text: The Second Doctor comic stories is a range of offscreen adventures featuring the second incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the hit sc-fi BBC One series, Doctor Who. These comics from the late sixties were the first Doctor Who TV Comics to be printed in colour.

title: The War Doctor (audio drama series)

text:
The War Doctor, announced in October 2015, is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the TV show "Doctor Who". It sees the return of Sir John Hurt as the War Doctor, a role he previously portrayed in the TV story "The Name of the Doctor" as well as more prominently in the 50th Anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor". The series consists of four box sets, each made up of three hour-long episodes, the first released in December 2015, the remaining three volumes followed across 2016 and into 2017.The War Doctor faces the Daleks in four seasons of the Time War.
Sir John Hurt passed away on 25 January, 2017. Recording of the series had been completed. It was released posthumously.
The Eighth Doctor: The Time War, is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the television programme "Doctor Who" and serves as a prequel to the previous series "The War Doctor". It focused on the Eighth Doctor (Paul McGann) and his experiences in the war before having a change of heart and regenerating into his warrior form (as seen in the television mini-episode "The Night of the Doctor").

title: Trevor Martin

text: Previously Martin appeared in "Doctor Who" as a Time Lord in the 1969 serial "The War Games" opposite Second Doctor Patrick Troughton and later guested in the 1993 Doctor Who radio play "The Paradise of Death" alongside Third Doctor Jon Pertwee and the 2003 Doctor Who audio drama "Flip-Flop" alongside Seventh Doctor Sylvester McCoy.

title: Second Doctor comic stories

text: When the first doctor regenerated into the second in 1966, TV Comic changed the face of the doctor in the comics to suite the change in the show's history, although kept the same companions, the doctor's grandchildren like in the TV series, John and Gillian. They were soon replaced with Jamie McCrimmon, to better match with the TV series of Doctor Who.

title: Doctor Who: Philip Hinchcliffe Presents

text: "Philip Hinchcliffe Presents" is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the TV show Doctor Who. It sees the return of Philip Hinchcliffe, the producer from a popular period during Fourth Doctor era, with Tom Baker and Louise Jameson reprising the Fourth Doctor and Leela respectively. The first boxset of two stories was released in September 2014. A second and third release has been announced for release in 2016 and 2017.

title: The Stranger (video series)

text: The second story, "More than a Messiah", adapted the "Doctor Who" Audio Visuals story of the same name, but with the Stranger and Miss Brown substituted for the Doctor and companion Ria (who was modelled after Peri). In a further connection, it co-starred Sophie Aldred, better known as Ace from "Doctor Who", and Peter Miles, who had co-starred (opposite Wisher) in the TV serial "Genesis of the Daleks" – both in completely different roles.

title: Pat Mills

text: He has also written two "Doctor Who" audio plays, "Dead London" (2008) and "The Scapegoat" (2009) for Big Finish Productions, featuring the Eighth Doctor and Lucie Miller. The first audio play was released as the first part of the second season of the Eighth Doctor Adventures and the second as part of the third season. In 2010 Mills adapted a story that had been started by him and Wagner for Doctor Who in the 1980s and was produced by Big Finish as "The Song of Megaptera".

title: Eighth Doctor

text: The TV film did not lead to the commissioning of a revived television series, and while Eighth Doctor stories continued in other media, "Doctor Who" did not air again on television until 2005. After this, footage and stills from the TV film would be used in later episodes "The Next Doctor" (2008), "The Eleventh Hour", "The Lodger" (both 2010) and "Nightmare in Silver" (2013). Edited archive footage in "The Name of the Doctor" very briefly shows the Eighth Doctor sharing an adventure with the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton).

title: Ian Hallard

text: Hallard has appeared in cult BBC TV shows such as "Doctor Who" as Alan-a-Dale in the 2014 episode "Robot of Sherwood"; in "Sherlock" as Mr Crayhill in the 2011 episode "The Reichenbach Fall", and on the long-running BBC Daytime TV series "Doctors". He played one of the original directors of "Doctor Who", Richard Martin, in the BBC docu-drama "An Adventure in Space and Time". He appears (unaccredited) in the sixth episode of the second season (“Vergangenheit”) of Netflix's series "The Crown," as an employee of the minister of foreign affairs.

title: List of companions in Doctor Who spin-offs

text: Heather McCrimmon was a companion of the Tenth Doctor in the comic strips printed in the Doctor Who Adventures magazine. A history student at Edinburgh university, she was created by a reader as part of a competition to create and design a new companion for the strip. She debuted in the issue on sale 31 December 2008. During her travels she was joined by another companion Wolfgang 'Wolfie' Ryter, who was likewise designed by a reader of the magazine. It is also suggested she's a descendent of Second Doctor TV companion Jamie McCrimmon. She departed in the story "Dead Line" which was published in the issue on sale 4 February 2010. However, she returned for a final appearance in the story "Lucky Heather" published on 25 March 2010 which, unusually for a Doctor Who Adventures comic story, took place during the Tenth Doctor's final TV story The End of Time.

title: The Churchill Years (audio drama)

text: The Churchill Years is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the TV show "Doctor Who". It sees the return of Ian McNeice as Winston Churchill from the Eleventh Doctor era. The first volume of stories was released in January 2016 and a second volume was released in February 2018.

text: Tamsin Drew is a character that appears in the series of Big Finish Productions "Doctor Who" audio dramas. She initially is a companion of the Eighth Doctor, until she was turned against him by the Meddling Monk and became his companion. She is mentioned by the Eighth Doctor in the TV mini-episode "The Night of the Doctor". Tamsin is played by Niky Wardley.

title: Frazer Hines

text: Up until 2007, Hines was the only surviving Second Doctor companion actor not to have acted in a Big Finish Productions "Doctor Who" audio play. (The others have played characters other than their television roles.) In November 2007, he starred as Jamie in "Helicon Prime", the second installment in Season 2 of Big Finish's Companion Chronicles. Since then he has appeared in many more Companion Chronicles, where his uncanny ability to mimic Patrick Troughton's Second Doctor has been welcomed by fans of the show. Hines has also recorded linking narration for many Second Doctor serials which no longer exist in video form; the soundtracks, along with Hines' narration, have been released on CD by BBC Audio. He also appeared in an audio trilogy with Colin Baker's Sixth Doctor as an older Jamie. In 2013, Hines portrayed both Jamie and the Second Doctor in the Big Finish audio play "The Light at the End", produced to celebrate the 50th anniversary of "Doctor Who".

title: Countdown (Polystyle Publications)

text: To capitalise on the continuing popularity of the "Doctor Who" strip, featuring the likeness of Jon Pertwee (the actor who was then playing the Doctor on TV), that strip now became the regular cover feature. As an added inducement, for the first time the publisher obtained a licence to include popular villains the Daleks in the strip. Hence the first re-launch issue had a colour cover featuring the Third Doctor and the Daleks. "Doctor Who" had an unshakeable popularity; it had emerged from, and would ultimately return to, the pages of "TV Action"'s sister publication, "TV Comic".

title: Dalek Attack

text: Dalek Attack is a computer game based on the long-running British science fiction television series "Doctor Who", in which the player controls the Doctor and fights recurring adversaries, the Daleks and other enemies. In most versions of the game, the player can choose between playing as the Fourth, Fifth or Seventh Doctor; in the MS-DOS and Amiga versions, the player can play as the Second, Fourth or Seventh Doctor, and in the ZX Spectrum version only the Seventh Doctor was available. A second player may play as the Doctor's companion (Ace or a UNIT soldier, although in the Spectrum version only Ace is available). K-9 also makes appearances later in the game as does Davros, creator of the Daleks in the TV series, as the final end of level boss. The game is set in London, Paris, New York, Tokyo and Skaro.

title: Charlotte Pollard (audio drama)

text: Charlotte Pollard is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the TV show "Doctor Who". This series follows Charlotte "Charley" Pollard, a longtime companion of the Doctor, after she leaves the Sixth Doctor in "Blue Forgotten Planet". A second series was released March 2017. A third series has been announced for production after Series 2.

title: List of awards and nominations received by Doctor Who

text:
The TV Quick Awards (or TV Choice Awards) are awarded every year by the British magazine "TV Choice".
"Doctor Who" won Best Loved Drama, later changed to Best Family Drama, every time since 2005. The actor who played the Doctor and the actress who played his main companion during a series was nominated every year since 2005: Best Actor had been won one time by Eccleston and three times by Tennant, and Best Actress had been won once by Piper, once by Tate and once by Gillan.

title: Doctor Who: The Lost Stories

text: Doctor Who: The Lost Stories is a range of "Doctor Who" audio plays by Big Finish Productions, adapted from unused TV stories.

title: Doctor Who: The Third Doctor Adventures

text: "The Third Doctor Adventures" is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the TV show Doctor Who. It sees the return of Katy Manning as Jo Grant and Richard Franklin as Mike Yates, while the voice of the Third Doctor is performed by Tim Treloar replacing the original actor, Jon Pertwee, who died in 1996.

title: The Box of Delights (TV series)

text: Patrick Troughton was a familiar face on BBC TV from playing the Second Doctor in "Doctor Who"; a contemporary "Blue Peter" feature on the drama makes the connection that in the role of Cole Hawlings, the kindly Punch and Judy Man, Troughton was playing another mysterious, scruffy time traveller. Renny Rye noted that Troughton "who was my favourite Doctor Who...had a quality that is unsurpassed, I think, as someone to pull you into a tale."

title: Doctor Who: The Lost Stories

text: The second release is "The Second Doctor Boxset", another four-disc boxed set including Dick Sharples' "The Prison in Space". Sharples' story has been adapted by Simon Guerrier, and is performed by Frazer Hines and Wendy Padbury, who played Jamie McCrimmon and Zoe Heriot. The set also includes "The Destroyers", the unmade pilot episode of a proposed Dalek-centred spin-off series for American TV. The episode has been adapted as a full-cast drama, with Nicholas Briggs as the voice of the Daleks.

title: Voyage of the Damned (Doctor Who)

text: Clive Swift and Geoffrey Palmer have had previous roles in "Doctor Who". Swift portrayed Jobel in "Revelation of the Daleks" (1985), while Palmer played Undersecretary Masters in "Doctor Who and the Silurians" (1970), and the Administrator in "The Mutants" (1972). Jessica Martin had played Mags in "The Greatest Show in the Galaxy" (1988–89). In addition, Bernard Cribbins played Tom Campbell in "Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D.", the second "Doctor Who" feature-film adaptation starring Peter Cushing as well as Arnold Korns in the audio play "Horror of Glam Rock". Colin McFarlane, who provided the voices of the Heavenly Host for the episode, went on to play General Pierce in "" (2009), before later reappearing in "Doctor Who" as Moran in "Under the Lake". Jimmy Vee had previously played aliens in "The End of the World" and "Aliens of London" (2005), and would later play other aliens in "The End of Time" (2009–10) and "The Caretaker" (2014).


query: How many dialects of Arabic are there?

title: Varieties of Arabic

text: There are many varieties of Arabic (also called dialects of Arabic or vernacular languages) in existence. Arabic is a Semitic language within the Afroasiatic family that originated on the Arabian Peninsula. It is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form.[1] The largest divisions occur between the spoken languages of different regions. Some varieties of Arabic in North Africa, for example, are not easily comprehensible to an Arabic speaker from the Levant or the Persian Gulf. Within these broad regions further and considerable geographic distinctions exist, within countries, across country borders, even between cities and villages.

title: Syrian Americans

text: While some may speak the formal Literary Arabic, many Syrians speak Syrian Arabic, a dialect which belongs to the Levantine Arabic family of dialects. There are also sub-dialects in Syrian Arabic; for example, people from Aleppo have a distinct and distinguishable accent, one that differs considerably from that of people from Homs or Al-Hasakah. Syrians can usually comprehend and understand the dialects of most Arabs, especially those who speak any form of Levantine Arabic.

title: Tihamiyya Arabic

text: The Tihami Arabic or Tihamiyya dialect has many aspects which differentiate it from all other dialects in the Arab world. Phonologically Tihami is similar to the majority of Yemeni dialects, pronouncing the ' () as and the ' () as a velar plosive (the ' pronunciation is also shared with Egyptian Arabic) unlike San'ani and Hadhrami Arabic which pronounce the ' () as . Grammatically all Tihami dialects also share the unusual feature of replacing the definite article ("al-") with the prefix ("am-"). The future tense, much like the dialects surrounding Sanaa, is indicated with the prefix ("š-"), for all persons, e.g. "ša-būk am-sūq" "I will go to the Souq". Some Tihami dialects, such as that spoken in Al-Hodeida, are otherwise fairly similar to other Yemeni dialects in grammar and syntax, differing mainly in vocabulary, while others can be so far from any other Arabic dialect that they are practically incomprehensible even to other Yemenis.

title: Khuzestan Province

text: The indigenous inhabitants of Khuzestan speak Khuzestani Persian dialects that are unique to Khuzestan, and are rooted in old Persian and Elamite languages. The most widely spoken dialect in Khuzestan is Bakhtiari. Except in Susangerd and Hoveizh, Bakhtiari is found everywhere. Many Khuzestanis are bilingual, speaking both Persian and one of the following languages/Dialects: Khuzi languages such as Dezfuli/Shushtari, Behbahani, Ramhormozi, Ghanavati and Mahshahri or tribal languages such as Bakhtiari dialect, Arabic, Bahmee, and Qashqai. Modern Mandaic (or "Mandaee") language is spoken among minority Mandaeans mainly in Ahvaz and Dezful. It is the ancient Mandaic language mingled by some aspect of Khuzi. The Arabic spoken in Khuzestan is Mesopotamian Arabic, the same dialect as is spoken in Iraq. Ahvaz, Susangerd, Hoveyzeh, Shadegan (Doorak), Omidiyeh and lately Khorramshahr are main cities with people speaking Arabic. But main Arab ethnic groups are in nomadic and rural regions along Iran–Iraq border in southwest of province to the Ahvaz urban areas. The Persian and Bakhtiari groups of western Khuzestan all speak distinct dialects unique to their areas. It is also not uncommon to find people able to speak a variety of indigenous dialects in addition to their own.

title: Demographics of the Arab League

text: On the other hand, Arabic is divided into over 27 dialects. Almost every Arab state has at least one local dialect of its own. they can be divided into 5 major branches, the Peninsula Arabic, which is the Arabic used in the Arabian peninsula, with around 9 main dialects, Arabic of the Nile Valley, which includes the Masri, Saedi, Sudanese and Chadic Arabic, the Arabic of the Fertile Crescent, which includes the Bedawi, Levant Arabic, Iraqi Arabic and North Mesopotamian Arabic, the Magharbi Arabic, which includes the Dialects used in Mauritania, Morocco, Libya, Algeria and Tunisia, also another category of Arabic is the other isolated dialects of Arabic, like the Judeo-Arabic, Mediterranean Arabic, Nubi Arabic, and the juba Arabic, which have greatly been affected by these communities' own pronunciation, culture and native tongue.

title: Tunisian Arabic

text: Tunisian Arabic is a variety of Arabic and as such shares many features with other modern varieties, especially the Maghrebi varieties of Arabic. Some of its distinctive features (compared to other Arabic dialects) are listed here.The Arabic dialects of Tunisia belong to either pre-Hilalian or Hilalian dialectal families.

title: Arabic

text: The sociolinguistic situation of Arabic in modern times provides a prime example of the linguistic phenomenon of diglossia, which is the normal use of two separate varieties of the same language, usually in different social situations. In the case of Arabic, educated Arabs of any nationality can be assumed to speak both their school-taught Standard Arabic as well as their native, mutually unintelligible "dialects"; these dialects linguistically constitute separate languages which may have dialects of their own. When educated Arabs of different dialects engage in conversation (for example, a Moroccan speaking with a Lebanese), many speakers code-switch back and forth between the dialectal and standard varieties of the language, sometimes even within the same sentence. Arabic speakers often improve their familiarity with other dialects via music or film.

title: Baghdad Jewish Arabic

text: Baghdad Jewish Arabic () is the Arabic dialect spoken by the Jews of Baghdad and other towns of Southern Iraq. This dialect differs from the dialect spoken by the Jews in Northern Iraq, such as Mosul and 'Ana. The Baghdadi and Northern dialects may be regarded as subvarieties of Judeo-Iraqi Arabic. As with most Judeo-Arab communities, there are likely to be few, if any, speakers of the Judeo-Iraqi Arabic dialects who still reside within Iraq. Rather these dialects have been maintained or are facing critical endangerment within respective Judeo-Iraqi diasporas, namely those of Israel and the United States. In 2014, the film "Farewell Baghdad" (Arabic: مطير الحمام; Hebrew: מפריח היונים, lit. "The Dove Flyer"), which is performed mostly in Jewish Baghdadi Arabic dialect, became the first film to be almost completely performed in Judeo-Iraqi Arabic.

title: List of diglossic regions

text: Throughout the Arab World, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) is the "high" standard written language and the many local colloquial dialects of Arabic are the "low" variety. However, every Arabic speaker, no matter how "cultured," is raised speaking a dialect, not the semi-artificial MSA, which must be learned formally, normally in school.

title: Yemeni Arabic

text: Tihamiyya Arabic has many aspects which differentiate it from all other dialects in the Arab world. Phonologically Tihami is similar to the majority of Yemeni dialects, pronouncing the ' () as and the ' () as a velar plosive (the "" pronunciation is also shared with Egyptian Arabic). Grammatically, all Tihami dialects also share the unusual feature of replacing the definite article ("al-") with the prefix ("am-"). The future tense, much like the dialects surrounding Sana'a, is indicated with the prefix ("š-"), for all persons, e.g. "šabūk am-sūq" "I will go to the Souq". Some Tihami dialects, such as that spoken in al Hudaydah, are otherwise fairly similar to other Yemeni dialects in grammar and syntax, differing mainly in vocabulary, while others can be so far from any other Arabic dialect that they are practically incomprehensible even to other Yemenis.

title: Judeo-Arabic languages

text: The Arabic spoken by Jewish communities in the Arab world differed slightly from the Arabic of their non-Jewish neighbours. These differences were partly due to the incorporation of some words from Hebrew and other languages and partly geographical, in a way that may reflect a history of migration. For example, the Judeo-Arabic of Egypt, including in the Cairo community, resembled the dialect of Alexandria rather than that of Cairo (Blau). Similarly, Baghdad Jewish Arabic is reminiscent of the dialect of Mosul. Many Jews in Arab countries were bilingual in Judeo-Arabic and the local dialect of the Muslim majority.

title: Peninsular Arabic

text: As this area is the homeland of the Arabic language, the language spoken there is closer to Classical Arabic than elsewhere. Some of the local dialects have retained many archaic features lost in other dialects, such as the conservation of nunation for indeterminate noand. They retain most Classical syntax and vocabulary but still have some differences from Classical Arabic like the other dialects.

title: Kuwaiti Arabic

text: Kuwaiti (in Kuwaiti كويتي, //) is a Gulf Arabic dialect spoken in Kuwait. Kuwaiti Arabic shares many phonetic features unique to Gulf dialects. Due to Kuwait's soap opera industry, Kuwaiti Arabic spread throughout the Arabic-speaking world and became familiar even to people in countries such as Tunisia and Jordan.

title: Varieties of Arabic

text: An important factor in the mixing or changing of Arabic is the concept of a prestige dialect. This refers to the level of respect accorded to a language or dialect within a speech community. The formal Arabic language carries a considerable prestige in most Arabic-speaking communities, depending on the context. This is not the only source of prestige, though.[3] Many studies have shown that for most speakers, there is a prestige variety of vernacular Arabic. In Egypt, for non-Cairenes, the prestige dialect is Cairo Arabic. For Jordanian women from Bedouin or rural background, it may be the urban dialects of the big cities, especially including the capital Amman.[4] Moreover, in certain contexts, a dialect relatively different from formal Arabic may carry more prestige than a dialect closer to the formal language—this is the case in Bahrain, for example.[5]

title: Hadhrami Arabic

text: The syntax has many similarities to other Peninsular Arabic dialects. However, the dialect contains a number of unique particles used for co-ordination, negation, and other sentence types. Examples in coordination include "but, nevertheless, though," (Classical Arabic ) "as for…," and "or."

title: Tunisian Arabic

text: As part of a dialect continuum, Tunisian merges into Algerian Arabic and Libyan Arabic at the borders of the country. Tunisian Arabic's morphology, syntax, pronunciation, and vocabulary are considerably different from Modern Standard Arabic or Classical Arabic. Like other Maghrebi dialects, it has a vocabulary that is mostly Arabic with a significant Berber, Latin and possibly Neo-Punic substratum. However, Tunisian has also many loanwords from French, Turkish, Italian and the languages of Spain.

title: Shehri language

text: Like most Modern South Arabian dialect speakers in Oman and Yemen, many Shehri speakers are bilingual in local dialects of Arabic especially the Dhofari dialect. In addition, it is primarily a spoken language, and there is no tradition of writing or publishing in the language. Pressure from Arabic has forced many changes in the language, so much so that young speakers use noticeably different grammar.

title: Bareqi Arabic

text: Bareqi Arabic has many aspects that differentiate it from all other dialects in the Arab world. Phonologically, Bareqi Arabic is similar to the majority of Yemeni dialects and Himyaritic language. All Bareqi dialects also share the unusual feature of replacing the definite article "al-" with the prefix "am-". The dialects of many towns and villages in the wadi and the coastal region are characterized by having changed ج () to a palatal approximant ي (called yodization).

title: Hassaniya Arabic

text: The phonological system of Hassānīya is both very innovative and very conservative. All phonemes of Classical Arabic are represented in the dialect, but there are also many new phonemes. As in other Bedouin dialects, Classical /q/ corresponds mostly to dialectal , and have merged into and the interdentals and have been preserved. In common with most Maghrebi Arabic varieties, the letter ج is realised as .

title: Hejazi Arabic

text: Also referred to as the sedentary Hejazi dialect, this is the form most commonly associated with the term "Hejazi Arabic", and is spoken in the urban centers of the region, such as Jeddah, Mecca, and Medina. With respect to the axis of bedouin versus sedentary dialects of the Arabic language, this dialect group exhibits features of both. Like other sedentary dialects, the urban Hejazi dialect is less conservative than the bedouin varieties in some aspects and has therefore shed some Classical forms and features that are still present in bedouin dialects, these include gender-number disagreement, and the feminine marker "-n" (see Varieties of Arabic). But in contrast to bedouin dialects, the constant use of full vowels and the absence of vowel reduction plus the distinction between the emphatic letters and is generally retained.The Arabic of today is derived principally from the old dialects of Central and North Arabia which were divided by the classical Arab grammarians into three groups: Hejaz, Najd, and the language of the tribes in adjoining areas. Though the modern Hejazi dialects has developed markedly since the development of Classical Arabic, and Modern Standard Arabic is quite distinct from the modern dialect of Hejaz. Standard Arabic now differs considerably from modern Hejazi Arabic in terms of its phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon, such diglossia in Arabic began to emerge at the latest in the sixth century CE when oral poets recited their poetry in a proto-Classical Arabic based on archaic dialects which differed greatly from their own.

title: Tunisian Arabic

text: Many Tunisian and Maghrebi words, like "qarnīṭ ("octopus")", have a Latin etymology. The dialects were later called Pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects and were used along Classical Arabic for communication in Tunisia. Also, Siculo-Arabic was spoken in several islands near Tunisia like Sicily, Pantelleria, and Malta and entered into contact with the Tunisian pre-hilalian dialects. Consequently, it ameliorated the divergence in grammar and structures of all the concerned dialects from Classical Arabic.

title: History of the Arabic alphabet

text: Many myriads of pre-Classical Arabic inscriptions are attested, in alphabets borrowed from Epigraphic South Arabian alphabets (however, Safaitic and Hismaic are not strictly Arabic, but Ancient North Arabian dialects, and written Nabataean is an Aramaic dialect):

title: Arab citizens of Israel

text: Arab citizens of Israel, or Arab Israelis, are Israeli citizens who are Arab. Many Arab citizens of Israel self-identify as Palestinian and commonly self-designate themselves as Palestinian citizens of Israel or Israeli Palestinians, though only about 13% of them hold a Palestinian nationality ID in addition to the Israeli one. A notable percentage of Arab citizens in Israel refer to themselves as Israeli Arabs, while rejecting Palestinian identity. The traditional vernacular of most Arab citizens, irrespective of religion, is Levantine Arabic, including Lebanese Arabic in the North of Israel, Palestinian dialect of Arabic in Central Israel and Bedouin dialects across the Negev desert; having absorbed much Hebrew loanwords and phrases, the modern dialect of Arab citizens of Israel is defined by some as the "Israeli Arabic dialect". Most Arab citizens of Israel are functionally bilingual, their second language being Modern Hebrew. By religious affiliation, most are Muslim, particularly of the Sunni branch of Islam. There is a significant Arab Christian minority from various denominations as well as the Druze, among other religious communities.

title: Yemeni Americans

text: Yemeni Americans speak both English and Arabic. They speak many different dialects of Arabic, including: Sanaani or Northern Yemeni dialect, Ta'izzi-Adeni or Southern Yemeni dialect, Hadrami dialect, Mehri dialect, and Judeo-Yemeni dialect. Most of them are Muslim.

title: Moroccan Arabic

text: Moroccan Arabic has many regional dialects and accents as well. Its mainstream dialect is the one used in Casablanca, Rabat and Fas and therefore it dominates the media eclipsing the other regional dialects like the ones spoken in Tangiers and Oujda.

title: Abstand and ausbau languages

text: Muljačić introduced the term "Dachsprache", or "roofing language", for a dialect that serves as a standard language for other dialects. These dialects would usually be in a dialect continuum, but may be so different that mutual intelligibility is not possible between all dialects, particularly those separated by significant geographical distance. In 1982, "Rumantsch Grischun" was developed by Heinrich Schmid as such a "Dachsprache" for a number of quite different Romansh language forms spoken in parts of Switzerland. Similarly, Standard Basque and the Southern Quechua literary standard were both developed as standard languages for dialect continua that had historically been thought of as discrete languages with many dialects and no "official" dialect. Standard German and Standard Italian, to some extent, function in the same way. Perhaps the most widely used "Dachsprache" is Modern Standard Arabic, which links together the speakers of many different, often mutually unintelligible varieties of Arabic.

title: Baghdad Jewish Arabic

text: Baghdad Jewish Arabic (and Baghdadi Christian Arabic) resemble the dialect of Northern Iraq, and more distantly that of Syria, rather than the Baghdad Arabic spoken by the Muslims. The Muslim dialect is classified as a "gilit" dialect (from their pronunciation of the Arabic word for "I said") while the others are "qeltu" dialects. Another resemblance between Baghdad Jewish Arabic and North Mesopotamian Arabic is the pronunciation of "ra" as a uvular. This peculiarity goes back centuries: in medieval Iraqi Judaeo-Arabic manuscripts the letters "ra" and "ghayn" are frequently interchanged. It is thought that the "qeltu" dialects represent the older Arabic dialect of Mesopotamia while the "gilit" dialect is of Bedouin origin. Another factor may be the northern origins of the Jewish community of Baghdad after 1258 (see below under History). Like Northern Mesopotamian and Syrian Arabic, Jewish Baghdadi Arabic shows some signs of an Aramaic substrate. Violette Shamosh records that, at the Passover Seder, she could understand some of the passages in Aramaic but none of the passages in Hebrew.

title: Languages of Morocco

text: As a member of the Maghrebi Arabic grouping of dialects, Moroccan Arabic is similar to the dialects spoken in Mauritania, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya (and also Maltese). The country shows a marked difference in urban and rural dialects. This is due to the history of settlement. Originally, Arabs established centers of power in only a few cities and ports in the region, with the effect that the other areas remained Berber-speaking. Then, in the 13th century, Bedouin tribes swept through many of the unsettled areas, spreading with them their distinct Arabic dialect in the non-urbanized areas and leaving speakers of Berber in isolated areas in the more mountainous regions.

title: Varieties of Arabic

text: The case of Iraq also illustrates how there can be significant differences in how Arabic is spoken on the basis of religion. (Note that the study referred to here was conducted before the Iraq War.) In Baghdad, there are significant linguistic differences between Arabic Christian and Muslim inhabitants of the city. The Christians of Baghdad are a well-established community, and their dialect has evolved from the sedentary vernacular of urban medieval Iraq. The typical Muslim dialect of Baghdad is a more recent arrival in the city and comes from Bedouin speech instead. In Baghdad, as elsewhere in the Arab world, the various communities share MSA as a prestige dialect, but the Muslim colloquial dialect is associated with power and money, given that that community is the more dominant. Therefore, the Christian population of the city learns to use the Muslim dialect in more formal situations, for example, when a Christian school teacher is trying to call students in the class to order.[17]

title: Languages of Algeria

text: In the Sahara, more conservative Bedouin dialects, grouped under the name Saharan Arabic, are spoken; in addition, the many Sahrawi refugees at Tindouf speak Hassaniya Arabic. Most Jews of Algeria once spoke dialects of Arabic specific to their community, collectively termed Judeo-Arabic.

title: Sanʽani Arabic

text: Sanʽani syntax differs from other Arabic dialects in a number of ways. It is one of few remaining Arabic dialects to retain the "mā af‘al" exclamatory sentence type with the meaning "how (adjective)". For instance, "mā ajmal", is used to mean "how beautiful", from the adjective "jamīl", meaning "beautiful"; a construction it shares with Libyan Arabic and Levantine Arabic.


query: In what book of the Bible does the story of David and Goliath happen?

title: Goliath

text: Goliath[lower-alpha 1] is described in the biblical Book of Samuel as a Philistine giant defeated by the young David in single combat. The story signified Saul's unfitness to rule, as Saul himself should have fought for the Kingdom of Israel.[1]

title: Goliath

text: The Books of Samuel, together with the books of Joshua, Judges and Kings, make up a unified history of Israel which biblical scholars call the Deuteronomistic history. The first edition of the history was probably written at the court of Judah's King Josiah (late 7th century BCE) and a revised second edition during the exile (6th century BCE), with further revisions in the post-exilic period.[3][4] Traces of this can be seen in the contradictions and illogicalities of the Goliath story - to take a few examples, David turns from Saul's adult shield-bearer into a child herding sheep for his father, Saul finds it necessary to send for him when as the king's shield-bearer he should already be beside his royal master, and then has to ask who David is, which sits strangely with David's status at his court.[5] The Goliath story is made up of base-narrative with numerous additions made probably after the exile:[6]

title: Five Smooth Stones

text: The book title comes from the biblical story of David and Goliath; chapter 17 verse 40 of the First Book of Samuel says: "Then he [David] took his staff in his hand, chose five smooth stones from the stream, put them in the pouch of his shepherd's bag and, with his sling in his hand, approached the Philistine [Goliath]."

title: Goliath (disambiguation)

text: Goliath was a giant famous for his battle with David as described in the Hebrew Bible.

title: Michal

text: identifies Saul's elder daughter as Merab and younger daughter as Michal. Michal's story is recorded in the first Book of Samuel, where it is said in and that Michal loved David. The narrative does not indicate whether this is reciprocated. After his success in battle against the Philistine giant Goliath, Merab was given in marriage to Adriel.

title: Bible Adventures

text: In "David and Goliath", the player starts out controlling David as he herds sheep and avoids predators such as lions and bears. Acorns can be used to stun the beasts. The player then obtains a sling and goes on to dodge guards, scorpions and stones before he fights Goliath's shield bearer and ultimately Goliath himself, whom the player must strike once in the head to defeat.

title: Goliath

text: Tell es-Safi, the biblical Gath and traditional home of Goliath, has been the subject of extensive excavations by Israel's Bar-Ilan University. The archaeologists have established that this was one of the largest of the Philistine cities until destroyed in the ninth century BC, an event from which it never recovered. A potsherd discovered at the site, and reliably dated to the tenth to mid-ninth centuries BC, is inscribed with the two names "alwt" and "wlt". While the names are not directly connected with the biblical Goliath ("glyt"), they are etymologically related and demonstrate that the name fits with the context of late-tenth/early-ninth-century BC Philistine culture. The name "Goliath" itself is non-Semitic and has been linked with the Lydian king Alyattes, which also fits the Philistine context of the biblical Goliath story.[16] A similar name, Uliat, is also attested in Carian inscriptions.[17] Aren Maeir, director of the excavation, comments: "Here we have very nice evidence [that] the name Goliath appearing in the Bible in the context of the story of David and Goliath … is not some later literary creation."[18]

title: Khirbet Qeiyafa

text: Yigal Levin has proposed that the ma'gal (מעגל) or "circular camp" of the Israelites which is mentioned in the story of David and Goliath () was described this way because it fitted the circular shape of the nearby Khirbet Qeiyafa. Levin argues that the story of David and Goliath is set decades before Khirbet Qeiyafa was built and so the reference to Israel's encampment at the ma'gal probably does "not represent any particular historical event at all". But when the story was composed centuries later, the round structure of Khirbet Qeiyafa "would still have been visible and known to the author of ", who "guessed its function, and worked it into his story".

title: Simpsons Bible Stories

text: In Homer's dream, Homer has the role of King Solomon who, according to the Books of Kings and Book of Chronicles was a King of Israel, as well as one of the 48 prophets according to the Talmud. Bart's dream shows Bart as King David and, rather than telling the story of David and Goliath, Bart's dream is a "sequel" to the story. The segment is inspired by and contains references to several films by Jerry Bruckheimer, including "Die Hard" and "Lethal Weapon", and borrows elements from other action films. At one point in the segment, Bart's dog Santa's Little Helper starts talking to him. The dog's voice is similar to that of Goliath in the Christian stop-motion animated television series "Davey and Goliath". Inside the whale skeleton in the episode, Bart finds the remains of Jonah. Jonah was a prophet of the northern kingdom of Israel, according to the Hebrew Bible. Nelson lives in the Tower of Babel which, according to the Book of Genesis, was an enormous tower that the humans built in order to reach heaven. After being defeated by Bart, Nelson reappears while a variation of Modest Mussorgsky's composition "St. John's Night on the Bare Mountain" plays in the background. At the end of the segment, Bart is arrested and Chief Wiggum says "Where's your messiah now?" Wiggum's line was also taken from "The Ten Commandments", from a character played by Edward G. Robinson, on whom Wiggum's voice is based. King David's (Bart) training montage of arm-wrestling with his sheep is a reference to the film "Over the Top", complete with Sammy Hagar's "Winner Takes It All" from the film.

title: David and Goliath (Caravaggio)

text: The "David and Goliath" in the Prado was painted in the early part of the artist's career, while he was a member of the household of Cardinal Francesco Maria Del Monte. It shows the Biblical David as a young boy (in accordance with the Bible story) fastening the head of the champion of the Philistines, the giant Goliath, by the hair. The light catches on David's leg, arm and flank, on the massive shoulders from which Goliath's head has been severed, and on the head itself, but everything else is dark. Even David's face is almost invisible in the shadows. A wound on Goliath's forehead shows where he has been felled by the stone from David's sling. The overwhelming impression is of some action intensely personal and private - no triumph, no armies, no victory.

title: Goliath

text: Goliath appears in chapter 2 of the Qur'an (2: 247–252), in the narrative of David and Saul's battle against the Philistines.[22] Called "Jalut" in Arabic ("جالوت"), Goliath's mention in the Quran is concise, though it remains a parallel to the account in the Hebrew Bible. Muslim scholars have tried to trace Goliath's origins, most commonly with the Amalekites.[23] Goliath, in early scholarly tradition, became a kind of byword or collective name for the oppressors of the Israelite nation before David.[22] Muslim tradition sees the battle with the Philistines as a prefiguration of Muhammad's battle of Badr, and sees Goliath as parallel to the enemies that Muhammad faced.[23]

title: Battles BC

text: This episode follows the story of the Jewish King David's rise from obscurity to greatness. "Giant Slayer" is not only a reference to Goliath, but also to the great odds David faced throughout his life. It uses The Bible as a main source of material.

title: Wisdom Tree

text: The company's first release as Wisdom Tree was "Bible Adventures", a three-in-one multicart which borrowed many gameplay elements found in the American "Super Mario Bros. 2", applied to three different Bible stories: Noah collecting animals for the Ark, saving Baby Moses from Pharaoh's men, and re-enacting the story of David and Goliath. The game sold 350,000 copies, encouraging the company to continue pursuing this path of making games.

title: Psalm 151

text: Psalm 151 is a short psalm found in most copies of the Septuagint but not in the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible. The title given to this psalm in the Septuagint indicates that it is supernumerary, and no number is affixed to it: ""This Psalm is ascribed to David and is outside the number. When he slew Goliath in single combat"". It is also included in some manuscripts of the Peshitta. The psalm concerns the story of David and Goliath.

title: David & Goliath (film)

text: In the Bible, the story of David and Goliath is about how the meek and innocent David kills the Philistine giant Goliath through a slingshot in the battle of Philistine and Israel. The movie is a modern interpretation of the story, which deals with the concept of the strong and weak, and has Jayasurya playing David while Anoop Menon appears as Sunny. The film's story revolves around a church and the few characters who are closely associated with it. The biblical characters are given modern day interpretations and show how in every David there resides a strong and courageous Goliath who can win even a difficult battle. The movie was successful at box office.

title: Sling (weapon)

text: The Bible provides a famous slinger account, the battle between David and Goliath from the First Book of Samuel 17:34–36, probably written in the 7th or 6th century BC, describing events having occurred around the 10th century BC. The sling, easily produced, was the weapon of choice for shepherds fending off animals. Due to this, the sling was a commonly used weapon by the Israelite militia. Goliath was a tall, well equipped and experienced warrior. In this account, the shepherd David convinces Saul to let him fight Goliath on behalf of the Israelites. Unarmoured and equipped only with a sling, 5 smooth rocks, and his staff; David defeats the champion Goliath with a well-aimed shot to the head.

title: David and Goliath (disambiguation)

text: David and Goliath is a story in the Bible about the giant warrior Goliath and his defeat at the hands of a young David. It may also refer to:

title: David (Donatello)

text: The story of David and Goliath comes from 1 Samuel 17. The Israelites are fighting the Philistines, whose best warrior – Goliath – repeatedly offers to meet the Israelites' best warrior in man-to-man combat to decide the whole battle. None of the trained Israelite soldiers is brave enough to fight the giant Goliath, until David – a shepherd boy who is too young to be a soldier – accepts the challenge. Saul, the Israelite leader, offers David armor and weapons, but the boy is untrained and refuses them. Instead, he goes out with his sling, and confronts the enemy. He hits Goliath in the head with a stone, knocking the giant down, and then grabs Goliath's sword and cuts off his head. The Philistines withdraw as agreed and the Israelites are saved. David's special strength comes from God, and the story illustrates the triumph of good over evil.

title: Giant

text: The Bible also tells of Gog and Magog, who later entered European folklore, and of the famous battle between David and the Philistine Goliath. While Goliath is often portrayed as a giant in retellings of the Biblical narrative, he is much smaller than other biblical giants. The 1st-century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, and the 1st-2nd-century BC Dead Sea Scrolls give Goliath's height as "four cubits and a span," approximately 2.00 m or about six feet seven inches. The King James translation of the Bible reports the giant Goliath as "six cubits and a span" in height—about nine feet nine inches tall, (over 2.75 m) ( KJV), but the Septuagint, a Greek Bible, gives Goliath's height as "four cubits and a span" (~2.00 m). For comparison, the Anakites are described as making the Israelites seem like grasshoppers. See also Gibborim.

title: Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bible!

text: Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bible! is a book written by author and radio presenter Jonathan Goldstein. The book is a comedic retelling of the Old Testament stories such as Adam and Eve, Samson, Noah, and David and Goliath. "Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bible!" includes a story narrated by Joseph, who is skeptical of believing in Immaculate Conception, which was broadcast on the "Holiday Spectacular" episode of "This American Life".

title: David and Goliath (book)

text: Critical response to "David and Goliath" was largely negative. The book was unfavorably reviewed twice in "The New York Times". Janet Maslin quipped, "As usual, Mr. Gladwell's science is convenient", and she concludes that "the book's middle section is its messiest", where the author attempts to link the experiences of famous dyslexics such as Brian Grazer and David Boies. Joe Nocera called the book "deeply repetitive and a bewildering sprawl," suggesting that "[m]aybe what 'David and Goliath' really illustrates is that it’s time for Malcolm Gladwell to find a new shtick."

title: Elhanan, son of Jair

text: Elhanan son of Jair-Oregim the Bethlehemite ( "’Elḥānān ben-Ya‘rê ’Ōrəḡîm Bêṯhallaḥmî") appears in 2 Samuel 21:19, where he is credited with killing Goliath. As this contradicts the better-known story in 1 Samuel 17 in which it is the famous David who kills Goliath, the 4th century BC Book of Chronicles explains the second Goliath by saying (20:5) that Elhanan "slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath", possibly constructing the name Lahmi from the last portion of the word "Bethlehemite" (""beit-ha’lahmi"). The King James Bible translators modified 2 Samuel 21:18–19 to make it read as if Elhanan had slain Goliath's brother: "And there was again a battle in Gob with the Philistines, where Elhanan the son of Jaare–oregim, a Beth–lehemite, slew "the brother of" Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver's beam", although the Hebrew text at this point makes no mention of the word "brother"; the medieval Jewish authors of the Targum Jonathan solved the problem by explaining Elhanan as an alternative name for David. However, this makes it difficult to explain why David is called "Elhanan" in verse 19 but consistently "David" in the verses that surround it (15, 16, 17, 21, 22). The most widely accepted explanation is that the storytellers have displaced the deed from the obscure Elhanan to the more famous character, David.

title: Wilhelm Otto Kühne

text: Kühne translated or retold a number of nursery stories such as Die flukse kabouters van Keulen (1969), My prentepoetseboek (1976), and four books in a series of Bible stories for children, namely The birth of Jesus, Moses in the basket, David and Goliath and the childhood of Jesus, all published in 1982.

title: Goliath

text: American actor Ted Cassidy portrayed Goliath in the TV series Greatest Heroes of the Bible in 1978.[24] Italian actor Luigi Montefiori portrayed this nine-foot-tall giant in Paramount's 1985 live-action movie King David as part of a flashback. This movie includes the King of the Philistines saying, "Goliath has challenged the Israelites six times and no one has responded." It's then on the seventh time that David meets his challenge.

title: Simpsons Bible Stories

text: Bart sees himself as King David, who kills Goliath, but has not won the war yet: Nelson is Goliath II, Goliath's son. Goliath II has killed Methuselah (Grampa), David's oldest friend in revenge. In retaliation, David challenges Goliath II, but having no stones to sling at him, David loses and is catapulted from the city. David then meets Ralph, a shepherd, who claims he can kill Goliath II. Ralph dies, which enrages David even more. He then trains to try to slay Goliath. Having to climb up the enormous Tower of Babel beforehand, David manages to kill Goliath by throwing a lit lantern down his throat. Goliath is surprisingly still alive, but is quickly killed by Ralph's gravestone, hurled by Ralph himself, who also had not died. Much to his shock, David is sent to jail as the townspeople claim that Goliath was the best King they ever had, building roads, libraries and hospitals. The dream ends with a title card that reads "A Bart Simpson Dream".

title: Methuselah

text: The lyrics of George Gershwin's song "It Ain't Necessarily So" (1935) cast doubt on various aspects of the Bible, such as the idea that Methuselah lived so long, the idea that the devil is evil, the story of Jonah, and the story of David and Goliath.

title: Court History of David

text: Friedman's thesis in "The Hidden Book in the Bible" is that the Yahwist author wrote many of the most familiar stories in the Hebrew Bible, including the stories of Adam and Eve, Abraham, Moses, and David, as one unified text. The Hidden Book analyses the punctuation patterns, word choice, sentence structure and allusions used in the biblical stories; and reconstructs what Friedman says is the original, foundational text at the heart of the Bible.

title: Simpsons Bible Stories

text: "Simpsons Bible Stories" is the eighteenth episode of "The Simpsons" tenth season. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on Easter Sunday, April 4, 1999. It is the first of "The Simpsons" now annual trilogy episodes, and consists of four self-contained segments. In the episode, the Simpson family fall asleep during a sermon in church. Marge dreams that she and Homer are Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, Lisa dreams that she and her fellow Springfield Elementary School students are Hebrew slaves in Ancient Egypt and guides Moses to lead them to freedom, Homer dreams that he is King Solomon called to resolve a dispute between Lenny and Carl over the ownership of a pie, and Bart dreams he is King David, who has to fight Goliath's son, Goliath II.

title: David and Goliath (book)

text: David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants is a non-fiction book written by Malcolm Gladwell and published by Little, Brown and Company on October 1, 2013. The book focuses on the probability of improbable events occurring in situations where one outcome is greatly favored over the other. The book contains many different stories of these underdogs who wind up beating the odds, the most famous being the story of David and Goliath. Despite generally negative reviews, the book was a bestseller, rising to #4 on "The New York Times" Hardcover Non-fiction chart, and #5 on "USA Today" Best-Selling Books.

title: Biblical and Quranic narratives

text: A similar story appears in the Qu'ran 2:246–251. The Israelites demand of their prophet to appoint a king, and so God appoints the man Talut. The people respond poorly to the selection, upset that Talut does not seem special. God gives the Ark of the Covenant back to the Israelites in order to verify His choice (this is an event that predates Saul in the Bible). Talut leads the men to battle against an army led by the General Goliath. The Israelite army is small and doubtful, but a few men trust that God can still give them victory. David then kills Goliath and becomes king of Israel. The account also bears similarity to when Gideon led an army. See the above Gideon/Talut subsection.