query: What is the population of Mandeville?

title: Mandeville, Louisiana

text: Mandeville is a small city in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 11,560 at the 2010 census.[3] Mandeville is located on the North Shore of Lake Pontchartrain, south of Interstate 12. It is across the lake from the city of New Orleans and its southshore suburbs. It is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan area.

title: Augustan literature

text: In social and political philosophy, economics underlies much of the debate. Bernard de Mandeville's "The Fable of the Bees" (1714) became a centre-point of controversy regarding trade, morality, and social ethics. Mandeville argued that wastefulness, lust, pride, and all the other "private" vices were good for the society at large, for each led the individual to employ others, to spend freely, and to free capital to flow through the economy. Mandeville's work is full of paradox and is meant, at least partially, to problematize what he saw as the naive philosophy of human progress and inherent virtue. However, Mandeville's arguments, initially an attack on graft of the War of the Spanish Succession, would be quoted often by economists who wished to strip morality away from questions of trade.

title: Geoffrey de Mandeville, Baron of Marshwood

text: Along with the barony of Marshwood and the manor of Coker, the de Mandeville's also held the manors of Hardington, and Keinton in Somerset. They were named Hardington Mandeville and Keinton Mandeville.

title: Bernard Mandeville

text: Mandeville concluded that vice, at variance with the "Christian virtues" of his time, was a necessary condition for economic prosperity. His viewpoint is more severe when juxtaposed to Adam Smith's. Both Smith and Mandeville believed that individuals' collective actions bring about a public benefit. However, what sets his philosophy apart from Smith's is his catalyst to that public benefit. Smith believed in a virtuous self-interest which results in invisible co-operation. For the most part, Smith saw no need for a guide to garner that public benefit. On the other hand, Mandeville believed it was vicious greed which led to invisible co-operation if properly channelled. Mandeville's qualification of proper channelling further parts his philosophy from Smith's "laissez-faire" attitude. Essentially, Mandeville called for politicians to ensure that the passions of man would result in a public benefit. It was his stated belief in the "Fable of the Bees" that "Private Vices by the dextrous Management of a skilful Politician may be turned into Publick Benefits".

text:
Geoffrey came from Magneville in the Cotentin peninsula of Normandy.He had a brother called Roger de Mandeville.
It has been suggested that their father was the Domesday tenant-in-chief Geoffrey de Mandeville (11th century), and Geoffrey's brother Roger succeeded to his father's estates in Normandy.This relationship is not however, very definitely established. The Domesday tenant-in-chief, Geoffrey de Mandeville was the grandfather of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex.
Some sources suggest that Geoffrey de Mandeville the Domesday tenant, and therefore his descendants who were Earls of Essex, were native to Thil-Manneville, whereas the de Mandeville family of the south west of England who were barons of Marshwood and Erlestoke were native to Magneville.

title: De Mandeville

text: de Mandeville is the surname of an old Norman noble family originating from Normandy. The first records are about Geoffrey de Mandeville, Norman conqueror. The de Mandeville family, held lands in England and France.

title: Stoke Mandeville Stadium

text: Stoke Mandeville Stadium is the National Centre for Disability Sport in England. It is sited alongside Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire. Stoke Mandeville Stadium is owned by WheelPower, the national organisation for wheelchair sport.

title: Mandeville Canyon, Los Angeles

text: In 1926, the Santa Monica Mountain Park Company sold the block closest to Sunset on Mandeville to the L.A.A.C as an extension of its Riviera property and sold most of Lower Mandeville, from Mandeville Lane to Chalon Road, to Garden Foundation, Inc. To encourage sales of the newly subdivided land, Garden Foundation designed and built an elaborate botanical garden with plantings from all over the world, many of which are still in evidence. On the slopes surrounding this garden, they hoped to develop and sell homes. Movie stars dedicated many of the special plantings with commemorative plaques (some of which are still in existence). Two ponds were also built, one of which surrounded the Japanese house at 1900 Mandeville Canyon Road. The second pond was adjacent to the property at 1888 Mandeville Canyon Road.

text: To Stephen de Mandeville, or another member of his family, Baldwin de Redvers granted the manor of Coker in Somerset as a sub-fee. This passed to the grandson of Geoffrey de Mandeville, who was son of his oldest son Robert, and known as Geoffrey de Mandeville de Cocre.

title: The Potter's Field (Peters novel)

text: Abbot Walter excommunicated Geoffrey de Mandeville for his abuse of the churchmen and the cloister. Other sources indicate that Walter went to Rome when Geoffrey de Mandeville took over Ramsey, soon followed by a competitor for the role of Abbot, Daniel. The pope then excommunicated de Mandeville, who cared naught for it. In that account, Walter returned while de Mandeville was still in possession of the property. After de Mandeville died, Walter resumed the full duties of Abbot. Another source suggests that Geoffrey de Mandeville took sides between Daniel and Walter, motivating him to take over Ramsey Abbey for Daniel.

title: Mandeville Canyon, Los Angeles

text: Rancho San Vicente y Santa Monica included Mandeville Canyon and consisted of all the property above what is now Pico Boulevard out to the ocean, north to the Santa Monica Mountains towards what is now Encino, east along what is now Ventura Boulevard, and south down to Pico Boulevard.

title: Wenlock and Mandeville

text: Mandeville is named after Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. In 1948, Stoke Mandeville Hospital organised the first Stoke Mandeville Games, considered to be the precursor to the Paralympics. The three spikes on Mandeville's helmet represent the Paralympic Agitos. He also represents friendship.

title: Mandeville, Quebec

text: In 1894, the Mission of Saint-Charles-de-Mandeville was formed and became a parish in 1903. The name is most likely a reference to Charles Turgeon, pastor of the nearby parish of Saint-Didace, who worked extensively in Mandeville. In 1904, the Municipality of Saint-Charles-de-Mandeville was established and in 1905, its post office opened.

title: Mandeville North

text: Mandeville North (commonly referred to as Mandeville by locals) is a small village in the Waimakariri District of Canterbury, New Zealand. Due to new subdivisions being built in the area, the population has been slowly increasing, particularly after the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake. The construction of the Mandeville village retail development began in late 2017 and was completed in early 2018.

title: Norton Mandeville

text: Norton Mandeville is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of High Ongar, in of the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. The settlement is at the north of the parish, and less than 1 mile north from the A414 Harlow to Chelmsford road. In 1961 the civil parish had a population of 187. On the 1 April 1986 the civil parish was merged with High Ongar.

title: Mandeville, Louisiana

text: The area had long been agricultural land when the town of Mandeville was laid out in 1834 by developer Bernard Xavier de Marigny de Mandeville, more often known as Bernard de Marigny. In 1840 Mandeville was incorporated as a town. It became a popular summer destination for well-to-do New Orleanians wishing to escape the city's heat.

title: Fabri Salcedo

text: He was married with two children, a daughter, Diane, and a son, Hank who married Eileen Mandeville of Oradell NJ. Who gave birth to Craig Mandeville,Cindy Mandeville,Elaine Mandeville ,Tom Salcedo and Steve Salcedo.

title: Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex

text: Geoffrey and his brother took the surname Mandeville because of the lineage of their mother, Beatrice de Say, who was a granddaughter of Beatrice de Mandeville, the sister of Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex (d. 1144). The elder Beatrice inherited the Mandeville honor in 1189, on the death of her nephew William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex. Richard I of England allowed her lands and the earldom to pass to her granddaughter's husband Geoffrey fitz Peter. Their eldest son Geoffrey inherited the earldom of Essex from his father in 1213.

title: Hardington Mandeville

text: Hardington Mandeville is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated south west of Yeovil in the South Somerset district. The village has a population of 585.

title: Liz Mandeville

text: Mandeville has said she was most influenced by Muddy Waters and called Koko Taylor her idol, but it was when she heard Luther Allison singing live that she knew the blues was her genre. Writer Karen Hanson described Mandeville's voice as sultry and wrote that she is a contemporary performer steeped in tradition. A critic for "Illinois Blues" called Mandeville's songwriting "great" and original. "American Blues News" reviewer Monica Yasher wrote that Mandeville is "known for her remarkably versatile voice, insightful songs, humorous onstage patter and deeply traditional guitar work" and is also "an accomplished Louisanna washboard player." Earwig Music described Mandeville as "a high voltage performer and a red hot mama."

title: Mandeville Canyon, Los Angeles

text:
Mandeville Canyon is a small community in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles. Its center is Mandeville Canyon Road, which begins at Sunset Boulevard and extends north towards Mulholland Drive, though it stops short of Mulholland and there is no automotive route between the two. Mandeville Canyon Road is said to be the longest paved, dead end road in Los Angeles, at over . From start to finish, the road gains in elevation.
Prior to the arrival of Spanish Conquistadors, Mandeville Canyon was occupied by two indigenous peoples, the Chumash and the Gabrieleno-Tongva, who inhabited the Santa Monica Mountain.

title: Stoke Mandeville

text: Stoke Mandeville was also the location of the Stoke Mandeville Games, which first took place in 1948 thanks to doctor Ludwig Guttmann and are now known as the IWAS World Games. The Games, which were held eight times at Stoke Mandeville, were the inspiration for the first Paralympic Games, also called "The Stoke Mandeville Games", which were organised in Rome in 1960. The wheelchair aspects of the 1984 Paralympics were also held in the village. The London 2012 Summer Paralympics mascot, Mandeville, was named after the village due to its legacy with the Games. Stoke Mandeville Stadium was developed alongside the hospital and is the National Centre for Disability Sport in the United Kingdom, enhancing the hospital as a world centre for paraplegics and spinal injuries.

title: Ron Scollon

text: His Ph.D., granted in 1974 by the University of Hawaii, was in the area of child language acquisition. During his time at the University of Hawaii, he also worked with linguist Li Fang-Kuei on a series of Chipewyan texts that Li had recorded in collaboration with storyteller François Mandeville during a visit to Fort Chipewyan, Alberta in 1928. A transcription and translation of these texts was published by the Academia Sinica in 1976. Scollon came back to the Mandeville stories near the end of his life, seeking to translate the stories as stories, more than (or in addition to) as data for linguistic analysis. This second translation was published posthumously under the title "This is What They Say" (François Mandeville, ed. and trans. Ron Scollon, Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2009).

title: Keinton Mandeville

text: Keinton Mandeville is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated on top of Combe Hill, west of Castle Cary in the South Somerset district. The village has a population of 1,068. It is next to Barton St David.

title: List of The Lone Shark episodes

text: When Mandeville entered the studio to begin his first “Apology Dance” segment, he was dressed in jeans, a T-shirt, workboots and Jim Sharky's deck hockey protective gear (a helmet, gloves, knee pads and elbow pads). Mandeville demanded that, if he was going to dance on live television, he would dance to "his" choice of music, which was music from the band 4 Non Blondes. As the music began, Mandeville began gyrating wildly under the scattered beams of light from the disco ball. In the control room, director Gordon Oppenheimer was rapidly switching back and forth between two cameras pointed at Mandeville, creating a video strobe effect. As Sharky and Haffner laughed uncontrollably at Mandeville's awkward dancing, Sharky shouted "”Crotch grab! Crotch grab!”", to which Mandeville responded by grabbing his crotch with the bulky deck hockey gloves, causing Sharky and Haffner to laugh even more. Sharky took viewer phone calls during the dance segment and as the song ended, one of the callers compared Mandeville to the mentally challenged character “Corky” from the television series “Life Goes On”. This prompted Sharky to refer to Mandeville as “Doug "’Corky’" Mandeville” for the rest of the episode.

title: Mandeville, Quebec

text: Since the toponym "Saint-Charles" had not been in common use for a long time, the municipality officially abbreviated its name to Mandeville in 2001. Soon after, the municipal boundary between Mandeville and Saint-Damien was reorganized, and Mandeville gained about .

title: Mandeville, Louisiana

text: Former New Orleans Saints offensive lineman Jim Dombrowski lives in Mandeville. Former Saints wide receiver Rich Mauti lives in Mandeville, and his son, Saints linebacker Michael Mauti, is from Mandeville.

text: The Adventures of Stoke Mandeville, Astronaut and Gentleman is a comedy play by Fraser Charlton and Nikolas Lloyd. The action is set in a universe with an alternate history in which the British developed the craft of space travel during the reign of Queen Victoria. The modern day world is populated by stereotypically stoic Englishmen, and vile scheming Frenchmen who will stoop to any depth in order to thwart the ambitions and harmony of the British Empire.

title: Mandeville, Jamaica

text: Mandeville is the capital and largest town in the parish of Manchester in the county of Middlesex, Jamaica. In 2005, the town had an estimated population of 50,000, and including the immediate suburbs within a radius of the total population is about 72,000. It is located on an inland plateau at an altitude of 628 m (2061 feet), and is west of Kingston. It is the only parish capital of Jamaica not located on the coast or on a major river.

title: Mandeville Canyon, Los Angeles

text: In 1920, the American Appraisal Company appraised the value of the in lower Mandeville (from Mandeville Lane to Chalon Road) at $65,000. From Sullivan Canyon (the Canyon immediately west of Mandeville Canyon ) to the San Diego Freeway and from north of Sunset to Mulholland Drive () not including lower Mandeville, the valuation was $253,000.


query: When was Alien first released?

title: Alien (film)

text: Alien was released on May 25, 1979 in the United States and September 6 in the United Kingdom. It was met with critical acclaim and box office success, winning the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects,[8][9] three Saturn Awards (Best Science Fiction Film, Best Direction for Scott, and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright),[10] and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, along with numerous other nominations.[11] It has been consistently praised in the years since its release, and is considered one of the greatest films of all time. In 2002, Alien was deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.[11][12][13] In 2008, it was ranked by the American Film Institute as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre, and as the thirty-third greatest film of all time by Empire magazine.[14][15]

title: Crush Pinball

text: The series started in 1988 when "Alien Crush" was released for the Turbografx-16, which featured a sci-fi atmosphere reminiscent of the film "Alien". It was then followed 2 years later by "Devil's Crush", also for the Turbografx-16 which featured an occult theme with skulls, skeletons, and demons. A third game was later developed for the Super Famicom called "Jaki Crush" that contained a Japanese demon/ogre mythology theme, although the game was never released outside Japan. The series was revived in 2008 when Hudson Soft published a sequel/remake to "Alien Crush" called "Alien Crush Returns" for WiiWare.

title: Aliens (film)

text: Gordon Carroll, David Giler, and Walter Hill of Brandywine Productions, who produced the first film and its later sequels, served as executive producers on "Aliens". They were interested in a follow-up to "Alien" as soon as its 1979 release, but the new management at 20th Century Fox postponed those plans until 1983. Brandywine picked Cameron to write after reading his script for "The Terminator"; when that film became a hit in 1984, Fox greenlit "Aliens" with Cameron as director and a budget of approximately . It was filmed in England at Pinewood Studios and at a decommissioned power plant in Acton, London.

title: List of Alien characters

text: McGann was cast as Walter Golic to appear with Ralph Brown, his co-star in "Withnail and I". "Alien 3 Assembly Cut" expands on Golic's part in "Alien 3", with Golic persuading Morse to unstrap him in the infirmary when he hears that the Alien has been trapped. He knocks Morse out, goes to the containment chamber containing the Alien, kills Arthur (who is guarding the door) and releases the creature—which promptly kills him. In an August 1992 "Elle" magazine article, McGann said that Golic intends to release the Alien in the hope that he can collaborate with it to kill the humans on Fury 161. "Alien 3" editor Terry Rawlings said in the 2003 special-edition DVD release of the "Alien Anthology" that a parallel exists between Golic and Renfield in "Dracula"; both are deranged lunatics, who fall under the influence of a paranormal entity which they try to appease.

title: Aliens (film)

text:
The special edition was released as part of "The Alien Legacy" 20th Anniversary Edition DVD box set in 1999 along with "Alien", "Alien 3", and "Alien Resurrection". Both the theatrical version and the special edition were released again in 2003 as part of the "Alien Quadrilogy" DVD box set along with similar versions of "Alien", "Alien 3", and "Alien Resurrection". A separate two-disc "special collector's edition" DVD of "Aliens" was released on , 2004, containing the same material as the two "Aliens" discs in the "Quadrilogy" set. Additional content in these versions included an audio commentary for the special edition featuring director James Cameron, producer Gale Hurd, special effects artists and crew members. The second disc included special features relating to pre-production, production, and post-production. The film was first made available on Blu-ray in the 2010 box set "Alien Anthology", before receiving a stand-alone release the following year. Fox released the 30th-anniversary Blu-ray of the movie on September 13, 2016.
"Aliens" received nearly universal acclaim. Test and pre-screenings were unable to take place due to the film not being completed until its week of release. Once it was released in cinemas, critical reaction was generally positive to very positive. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

title: Alien (franchise)

text: The first game based on the franchise was "Alien" (1982) for the Atari 2600, heavily based on "Pac-Man". Another "Alien" game based on the first film was released in 1984.

title: Alien: Out of the Shadows

text: "Out of the Shadows" is the first novel in the 2014 Canonical "Alien" Trilogy of novels, designed to tie into the events of the existing film series. It was followed by "Alien: Sea of Sorrows" and "Alien: River of Pain". Originally slated for release in December 2013, the book wouldn't see release until January 28, 2014.

title: Alien vs. Predator (franchise)

text: In 1994, Atari Corporation released the Rebellion Developments-developed first-person shooter "Alien vs Predator" for the Atari Jaguar, in which one could play as a Marine, Predator or Alien. Rebellion then went on to develop the similarly themed 1999's "Aliens versus Predator" for the PC. This was followed by, among others, "Aliens versus Predator 2" and the expansion pack "". In 2010, Sega released a reboot, "Aliens vs. Predator", a multiplatform first-person shooter also made by Rebellion and tied into the timeline of the live-action films.

title: Skillet (band)

text: The band released their first worship album, and fourth album overall, "Ardent Worship" in late 2000. The band kept much of their sound from "Invincible" on their next album "Alien Youth". With little time between touring and recording, Skillet released "Alien Youth" on August 28, 2001, which was the first album that John Cooper took on production duties. Before the release of "Alien Youth", Haaland left the band, and Ben Kasica took over on guitar.

title: Resident Alien (comics)

text: The first chapter was serialized in "Dark Horse Presents" vol 2 #4–6 (October – December 2011). When it was collected as "Resident Alien" #0 in April 2012, it was the 268th best selling issue of the month with estimated orders around 4,800 copies. Issue #1, released the following month, had estimated orders of about 5,700. The TPB was released February 27, 2013 with the subtitle "Welcome to Earth!".

title: Alien vs. Predator (franchise)

text:
The first "Alien vs. Predator" story was published by Dark Horse Comics in "Dark Horse Presents" #34–36 (November 1989 – February 1990). In November 1990, "Predator 2" was released in theaters and included a scene depicting an Alien (Xenomorph) skull as one of the Predator's trophies. The first feature film was released in 2004, titled "Alien vs. Predator", with the second film in the series, titled "", being released in 2007. Ellen Ripley does not appear in this franchise, as it takes place more than a century prior to the events of the "Alien" series.
The first actor to be cast for "Alien vs. Predator" was Lance Henriksen, who played the character Bishop in "Aliens" and "Alien 3". Although the "Alien" films are set 150 years in the future, Anderson wanted to keep continuity with the series by including a familiar actor. Henriksen plays billionaire and self-taught-engineer Charles Bishop Weyland, a character that ties in with the Weyland-Yutani Corporation as the original founder and CEO of Weyland Industries (the company later taken over by Sir Peter Weyland in "Prometheus" in 2012 following Charles' death eight years earlier in 2004). According to Anderson, Weyland becomes known for the discovery of the pyramid, and as a result the Weyland-Yutani Corporation models the Bishop android in the "Alien" films after him; "when the Bishop android is created in 150 years time, it's created with the face of the creator. It's kind of like Microsoft building an android in 100 years time that has the face of Bill Gates."

title: Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (video game)

text: "Alien vs. Predator" began as a franchise in February 1990, when Dark Horse Comics published a comic book featuring Aliens from the "Alien" series of films in battle against the title characters of "Predator". Both franchises are owned by Twentieth Century Fox. In November 1990, Fox released "Predator 2", and one of the final scenes in the film showed an Alien skull inside a trophy case aboard a Predator ship. Fox began licensing merchandise for the new franchise, including comic books and video games. In 1993, the first "Aliens vs. Predator" video game was released; "Alien vs Predator" for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.

title: Alien (franchise)

text: Acclaim's first-person shooter "Alien Trilogy" was released in 1996, and their adaptation of "Alien Resurrection" was released in 2000 as a PlayStation first-person shooter.

title: Alien: Isolation

text: Although Sega admitted that the sales of the game were weak, Creative Assembly originally considered the possibility of developing a sequel. Later, it was revealed that most of the "Alien: Isolation" design team no longer worked at Creative Assembly, and that the company was working on a first-person tactical shooter based on a new intellectual property. In September 2018, a comic book sequel to "Alien: Isolation", entitled "Aliens: Resistance", was confirmed. The first volume is set to be released in January 2019. The same month, a survival horror indirect sequel entitled "Alien: Blackout", was announced for mobile devices and is set to release on 24 January 2019.

title: Xtro 3: Watch the Skies

text: For years, the government has successfully covered up very real proof of U.F.O.s. but when a group of Marines is dispatched to a deserted island, they uncover unsettling evidence: old films documenting brutal medical experiments on aliens. They also uncover a lone surviving alien out for revenge, and a military intelligence plot to sacrifice them and conceal existence of the encounter. The shroud of mystery is about to be lifted.The film has been released on DVD twice. The first DVD was released in 1999 by Image Entertainment, who coincidentally, would release the first two entries in the Xtro series on DVD years later. In 2005, the film was released yet again on DVD by Showcase Entertainment. Both DVDs are now discontinued.

title: Alien 3

text: "Alien 3" has been released in various home video formats and packages over the years. The first of these were on VHS and Laserdisc, and several subsequent VHS releases were sold both singly and as boxed sets throughout the 1990s. A VHS boxed set titled "The Alien Trilogy" containing "Alien 3" along with "Alien" and "Aliens" was released in facehugger-shaped carrying cases, and included some of the deleted scenes from the Laserdisc editions. When "Alien Resurrection" premiered in theaters in 1997, another boxed set of the first three films was released titled "The Alien Saga", which included a "Making of Alien Resurrection" tape. A few months later, this set was re-released with the "Alien Resurrection" film taking the place of the making-of video. In 1999, "Alien 3" was released on DVD, both singly and packaged with the other three "Alien" films as "The Alien Legacy" boxed set. This set was also released in a VHS version and would be the last VHS release of the film. In 2003, "Alien 3" would be included in the 9-disc "Alien Quadrilogy" DVD set which contained two versions of the film (see below). The first three films were also later packaged as the "Alien Triple Pack" DVD set (this release was identical to the 1999 "Alien Legacy" set but excluding "Alien Resurrection"). "Alien 3" was first released on Blu-ray in 2010, as part of the 6-disc "Alien Anthology" boxed set which included all of the features from the "Alien Quadrilogy" DVD set and more. The film was also released as a single Blu-ray disc in 2011.

title: List of Mega Monster Battle characters

text: is the main antagonist of "Ultraman Saga". An alien that had destroyed and invaded countless galaxies, he formed his own army of monsters, using carcasses salvaged from the Monster Graveyard and revived them using Sphires he kidnapped from the "Ultraman Tiga/Dyna" universe. In an alternate Earth, he wiped the entire human populations and claimed the Earth as his own, with Team U and several children were unintentionally spared. He focuses himself on creating his ultimate monster, Zetton and even with this monster at its first stage, it was capable of decimating Ultraman Dyna (the first Ultra to face him via Arstron) within moments, rendering the Ultra petrified. With Cosmos and Zero arrived, Alien Bat unleashed both Gomess (S) and Gubila but when Cosmos pacify them instead, Alien Bat killed them cold-blooded. During the film's climax, when Hyper Zetton was eliminated, Alien Bat combined his spaceship with the monster's carcass, allowing it to be revived in its final stage. He was killed when the fusion Ultraman Saga destroyed Hyper Zetton, simultaneously releasing all humans that had been captured by the alien prior.

title: Alien Arena (video game)

text: Although it had been in development since 2003, "Alien Arena" was first released as a beta in August 2004, with the title "CodeRED: Alien Arena". The first stable version was released in October. Two single-player, campaign-style games, "CodeRED: Battle for Earth" and "CodeRED: Martian Chronicles", were released during 2003. Following these games, "Alien Arena" received greater development focus. The final upgrade to the two single-player games was made available on February 18, 2005. The "CodeRED" title continued to be used until "Alien Arena 2006" was released in November 2005, promoted as a "sequel" to the old CodeRED version.

title: Alien Garden

text: With a heavy emphasis on the artistic aspects of computer-generated simulation, "Alien Garden" was described by its creators as an art game. At a time when the art game genre had not yet been recognized as even emergent, "Alien Garden" ranks among the very earliest art games. Indeed, its release predates Lanier's more famous art game, "Moondust" (often characterized as the "first" true art game), by a year.

title: List of Alien, Predator, and Alien vs. Predator games

text: The first video game of the "Alien" franchise was released in 1982, based on the 1979 film "Alien". Subsequent games were based on that film and its sequels "Aliens" (1986), "Alien 3" (1992), and "" (1997). The first video game in the "Predator" franchise was released in 1987, the same year as the "Predator" film on which it was based. Subsequent "Predator" games were based on that film and its sequels "Predator 2" (1990) and "Predators" (2010). The first game to cross the two franchises was "Alien vs Predator", released in September 1993 and based on an earlier comic book series. Since then the characters and storylines of the two franchises have been officially crossed over in comic books, video games, and the feature films "Alien vs. Predator" (2004) and "" (2007). To date, there have been seventeen officially licensed video games released in the "Alien" franchise, six in the "Predator" franchise, and fourteen in the "Alien vs. Predator" franchise. These have been created by various developers and released for a variety of platforms including video game consoles, handheld game consoles, personal computers, and mobile phones. The "Aliens vs. Predator Collectible Card Game" published in 1997 and the "Alien vs. Predator" themed sets for "HorrorClix" released in 2006 are the only non-video games in the franchises.

title: Astro Invader

text: The playfield above the player's ship contains 13 columns. Three of them, on the far left, far right, and in the center, are wide columns. The other 10, five on either side of the center, are much narrower. At the beginning of each wave, a flying saucer enters at the top of the screen and begins dropping small aliens into the ten narrow columns. The columns are open on the bottom, allowing the player to shoot the aliens as they descend. Each column holds a maximum of four aliens. If a column is full, the next alien dropped into it will release the bottommost alien, which falls straight down. Aliens can also be dropped into either of the two wide columns on the far left and right, in which case they fall straight down immediately. If the alien reaches the bottom of the screen without being shot by the player, it explodes - the explosion extends slightly to each side of the alien. Collision with a falling alien or its explosion destroys the player's ship. The small aliens are worth 20 points when moving (falling into or out of a column), and 10 points at rest. Aliens remain in their columns until shot or released; any aliens at rest in a column, either at the end of a wave or when the player's ship is destroyed, are still there when play resumes.

title: Alien Breed Evolution

text: Alien Breed: Evolution is a video game in Team17's "Alien Breed" series and is the first new title in the series since 1996. It was released on Xbox Live Arcade on December 16, 2009. An updated version, called Alien Breed: Impact, was released on PlayStation Network and through Steam on PC on June 3, 2010. In September 2010, "" was released on Xbox Live Arcade, PlayStation Network, and PC.

title: Alien (film)

text: Alien has been released in many home video formats and packages over the years. The first of these was a seventeen-minute Super-8 version for home projectionists.[87] It was also released on both VHS and Betamax for rental, which grossed it an additional $40,300,000 in the United States alone.[46] Several VHS releases were subsequently issued both separately and as boxed sets. LaserDisc and Videodisc versions followed, including deleted scenes and director commentary as bonus features.[87][88] A VHS box set containing Alien and its sequels Aliens and Alien 3 was released in facehugger-shaped boxes, and included some of the deleted scenes from the Laserdisc editions.[88] When Alien Resurrection premiered in theaters, another set of the first three films was released including a Making of Alien Resurrection tape. A few months later the set was re-released with the full version of Alien Resurrection taking the place of the making-of video.[88] Alien was released on DVD in 1999, both separately and, as The Alien Legacy, packaged with Aliens, Alien 3 and Alien Resurrection.[89] This set, which was also released in a VHS version, included a commentary track by Ridley Scott.[87][88] The first three films of the series have also been packaged as the Alien Triple Pack.

title: Alien: Isolation

text: "Alien: Isolation" was first unveiled on 12 May 2011 when UK government minister Ed Vaizey visited Creative Assembly and revealed on his Twitter account that the studio was hiring for an "Alien" game. Although no gameplay details were confirmed, Sega confirmed to "CVG" that the game would be released for consoles, but did not specify any format. Sega boss Mike Hayes also said that the game was going to be "very much a triple-A project. We want this to be a peer to the likes of "Dead Space 2"." Although the game's name was anticipated following a trademark registration in October 2013 and some screenshots of the game were leaked in December 2013, "Alien: Isolation" was formally announced and confirmed for the Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One platforms with the release of a teaser trailer on 7 January 2014. The fact that Sega's previous "Alien" game, "", received a negative public reaction did not affect Creative Assembly. According to Napper, the vocal reaction from the "Alien" fanbase assured the team that they were building a game with what the fanbase wanted.

title: Alien (franchise)

text: Development of a prequel story began in the early 2000s when both Ridley Scott and James Cameron started to develop ideas for a story that would explore the origins of the Alien. In 2002, the development of "Alien vs. Predator" had taken precedence and the prequel project remained dormant until 2009. Jon Spaihts wrote the first screenplay for the project, but Scott then opted for a different direction and hired Damon Lindelof in 2010, to rewrite the script into a story that focused on the creators of the Aliens, rather than the Aliens themselves. The film, titled "Prometheus", was released in 2012 to box office success and lukewarm critical reception.

title: Aliens (film)

text: In 2013, National Entertainment Collectibles Association (NECA) released the first wave of highly detailed human and alien action figures from the respective film. NECA's Reel Toys worked directly with actors from the Alien franchise to release realistic figures based on select characters they portrayed in the films. NECA has released seven-inch figures based on characters such as Corporal Hicks, Private Hudson, and Bishop. During winter 2014, it was announced there would be multiple figures of Ripley, Sigourney Weaver's character from the "Alien" films. NECA worked directly with Weaver to develop these action figures, which are the first to feature her likeness.

title: Alien Carnage

text: Alien Carnage, originally released as Halloween Harry, is a side-scrolling platform game developed by Interactive Binary Illusions and SubZero Software, and distributed by Apogee Software. The game features 256 colour VGA graphics and background music in MOD format. "Alien Carnage" is composed of four episodes. The first episode was released as shareware, and the rest were distributed commercially. In May 2007, John Passfield and 3D Realms released "Alien Carnage" as freeware. In 2014, the game was re-released with Windows support.

title: Alien Days

text: "Alien Days" is the first single released from "MGMT," the third album by MGMT, which was released as a cassette single on April 20, 2013. VanWyngarden explains the song as the feeling when "a parasitic alien is in your head, controlling things". The music video of this song was filmed by indie director Sam Fleischner, which was the second video released for the promotion of the album.

title: Alien (film)

text: Alan Dean Foster wrote a novelization of the film in both adult and "junior" versions, which was adapted from the film's shooting script.[48] Heavy Metal magazine published a graphic novel adaptation of the film entitled Alien: The Illustrated Story, as well as a 1980 Alien calendar.[48] Two behind-the-scenes books were released in 1979 to accompany the film. The Book of Alien contained many production photographs and details on the making of the film, while Giger's Alien contained much of H. R. Giger's concept artwork for the movie.[48] A model kit of the Alien, 12 inches high, was released by the Model Products Corporation in the United States, and by Airfix in the United Kingdom.[87] Kenner also produced a larger-scale Alien action figure, as well as a board game in which players raced to be first to reach the shuttle pod while Aliens roamed the Nostromo's corridors and air shafts.[87] Official Halloween costumes of the Alien were released in October 1979.[87]

title: Alien Resurrection

text: "Alien Resurrection" was first released onto home video in the VHS, Laserdisc and DVD formats on June 2, 1998. The film received its first Blu-ray release as part of the "Alien Anthology" box set released in 2010 including all four films and their alternate versions. The film was re-released on Blu-ray on May 10, 2011, in a stand-alone feature.

title: Alien (franchise)

text: In 2006, Sega struck a deal with Fox Licensing to release two new "Alien" video games on Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3. One of them, a first-person shooter by Gearbox Software, "", was released on February 12, 2013, in the United States of America on Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Windows. The game is set between "Aliens" and "Alien³", following a group of marines sent to investigate the "Sulaco" who wound up crash-landing on LV-426. Sega also released a Nintendo DS game "Aliens Infestation" in 2011.


query: When did the DS first debut?

title: Nintendo DS

text: The Nintendo DS,[lower-alpha 2] or simply DS, is a dual-screen handheld game console developed and released by Nintendo. The device went on sale in North America on November 21, 2004. The DS, short for "Developers' System" or "Dual Screen",[4] introduced distinctive new features to handheld gaming: two LCD screens working in tandem (the bottom one featuring a touchscreen), a built-in microphone, and support for wireless connectivity.[5] Both screens are encompassed within a clamshell design similar to the Game Boy Advance SP. The Nintendo DS also features the ability for multiple DS consoles to directly interact with each other over Wi-Fi within a short range without the need to connect to an existing wireless network. Alternatively, they could interact online using the now-defunct Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service. Its main competitor was Sony's PlayStation Portable as part of the seventh generation era. It was likened to the Nintendo 64 from the 1990s, which led to several N64 ports such as Super Mario 64 DS and Diddy Kong Racing DS, among others.

title: Dravet Syndrome Foundation

text: In the 8 years prior to DSF’s founding, from 2002-2009, NIH spent only $6.3 million on projects mentioning Dravet syndrome (DS) or Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy (SMEI). Only about 30 studies were published on DS. In the 8 years since DSF’s founding, from 2010-2017, NIH spent $44.6 million on projects mentioning DS or SMEI, or 7x the research dollars. Over 300 studies were published on DS. There was an explosion of federal dollars spent on DS between 2010 and 2014, when DSF was first raising awareness and funding in the research world while investing in researchers. Of the 19 researchers DSF invested in through 2015, 6 of them went on to receive large NIH grants, for a return rate of 32%.

title: PlayStation Portable

text: The PlayStation Portable was initially seen as superior to the Nintendo DS when they first were revealed in early 2004, due to the designers' emphasis on the technical feats of the system. Nintendo of America President Reggie Fil-Aime however focused on the experience aspect of the Nintendo DS. The DS started to pull ahead of the PSP early on due to drawing more third-party developers. The DS sold better in part due the touchscreen, second display and wireless elements.

title: Advance Wars: Dual Strike

text: On October 7, 2004, "Dual Strike" was first announced under the title "Advance Wars: DS" as a first-party DS release in a Nintendo press release and it was to be released in the year following the DS's release. In March, the Japanese release date was revealed to be June 23, 2005, under the title "Famicom Wars DS". The American release date was also set to October 9, 2005. In May, the game was showcased at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo, when the official title was also announced. The final American release date for "Dual Strike" was set to August 22, 2005 and the European release date was set for September 30, 2005.

title: Citroën DS

text:
From 2005 to 2008, a young Frenchman named Manuel Boileau travelled around the world in a 1971 DS ambulance. It was an 80,000 kilometer journey across 38 countries called Lunaya World Tour. While traveling through Laos, he located the forlorn 1974 DS Prestige belonging to Sisavang Vatthana, the last King of the Kingdom of Laos, which is now preserved and restored by specialists in Bangkok.
The DS was sold in North America from 1956 to 1972. Despite its popularity in Europe, it didn't sell well in the United States, and little better in Canada. While promoted as a luxury car, it did not have the basic features that American buyers expected to find on such a vehicle, such as an automatic transmission, air conditioning, power windows, or a powerful engine. The DS was designed specifically to address the French market, with punitive tax horsepower taxation of large engines, as well as very poor roads – it's no great mystery that it was a fish out of water when those constraints were removed.

title: Chyskillz

text: When Chyskillz met Fredro and Sticky they were already signed to Def Jam. The group was called Onyx and consisted of Fredro Starr, Sticky Fingaz, Suave (a.k.a. Sonny Seeza) and Big DS. When Chyskillz first got with Onyx, they already have another producer, but their stuff was a little bit more commercial and friendly. Chyskillz let Fredro hear some beats and it started from there. Chyskillz began making beats for Onyx and the collaboration just worked. The first song that Chyskillz ever did for Onyx was "Nigga Bridges". He did one song for them and Russell Simmons heard it and give Onyx an EP deal for 6 songs. But they did 10 songs on a budget of 6 songs, so Russell Simmons give them an album deal.

title: Isotopes of darmstadtium

text: The first synthesis of element 114 resulted in two atoms assigned to Fl, decaying to the Ds, which underwent spontaneous fission. The assignment was later changed to Fl and the darmstadtium isotope to Ds. Hence, Ds remained unknown until 2016, when it was populated by the hitherto unknown alpha decay of Cn (previously, that nucleus was only known to undergo spontaneous fission).

title: DS 5LS

text: The DS 5LS is a premium compact executive car and the first traditional sedan to have been designed and developed by the DS division of the French automaker PSA Peugeot Citroën; it was launched in March 28, 2014. It is the first DS model that applied "DS wing" front face design and wears independent DS logo and this model is considered as a declaration of the independence of DS brand. Currently it is produced and sold only in China. Its hatchback version is the DS 4S.

title: Datsun DS series

text: The Datsun DS-4 (the DS-3 designation was skipped) was released in 1952 and was the first four-door car (along with the DB-4) to have the Datsun name. The styling was a nightmare (it looked like five different cars put together). The drivetrain carried over from the DS-2, although the chassis was lengthened for the larger passenger compartment. The front doors were rear-hinged while the rear doors were front-hinged. The front end was similar to the DS-2 but with a different grille; the front of the hood spelled out "DATSUN" in individual chrome letters. The DS-4 was in production until late 1953, when it was replaced by the Datsun DS-5.

title: Hayden Walsh Sr.

text: Walsh made his senior debut for Antigua and Barbuda in 1984. His first-class debut for the Leeward Islands did not come until February 1988, when he played against Jamaica in the 1987–88 Red Stripe Cup. Walsh established himself in the team the following season, also making his List A debut. However, he did not score a first-class half-century until the 1991–92 season, when he made 77 as an opening batsman against Jamaica.

title: Inazuma Eleven 2

text: Both Inazuma Eleven 2: Blizzard and Inazuma Eleven 2: FireStorm did not perform quite as well as the first game in the UK market when they entered the Chart Track UK Nintendo DS Full Price Top 40 in the week ending 17 March 2012. The former started off at No.15 and the latter at No.17 and failed to even make the general All Format Top 40 for that week. For reference, the original "Inazuma Eleven" on Nintendo DS entered the Full Price Nintendo DS UK chart in the week ending 27 August 2011 at No.3, which equated to a No.25 debut position in the Top 40 Entertainment Software (Full Price) list.

title: List of Hollyoaks characters (2014)

text: In April 2016, when Simone (Jacqueline Boatswain) and Louis Loveday (Karl Collins) discover that Sonia Albright (Kiza Deen) imposed as their missing daughter Lisa Loveday (Rachel Adedeji), DS Thorpe leads an investigation into Joanne Cardsley (Rachel Leskovac) about the disappearance of Lisa. He then arrests Sonia for imposing as Lisa. DS Thorpe then arrests Margaret Smith (Suzette Llewellyn), Joanne's friend, for kidnapping Lisa. In May 2016, DS Thorpe leads the investigation into finding Lindsey, who becomes fugitive after it is revealed that she is the Gloved Hand Killer. He sends a PCSO to guard the Roscoe household while he and police force search for her. After catching Lindsey and realising that she has been murdered herself by Silas Blissett (Jeff Rawle), closing the Gloved Hand Killer case, DS Thorpe sets his sights onto Ben when Trevor is mysteriously stabbed and killed before his wedding. Sienna, who was having an affair with Trevor but married Ben, informs DS Thorpe it was her daughter Nico who killed Trevor. DS Thorpe refuses to believe that a teenage girl could murder such a well-known gangster. Nico admits to Ben that she killed Trevor but in an attempt to spare her of punishment, Ben lies to DS Thorpe that he killed Trevor and is arrested. Nico continues to scheme through the village, when she blackmails Maxine Minniver (Nikki Sanderson). Nico sends a video of her grandfather Patrick Blake (Jeremy Sheffield) expressing his false concerns that Maxine is trying to kill him to DS Thorpe. DS Thorpe investigates this and attempts to intimidate Maxine into confessing. DS Thorpe then believes that Maxine's ex-boyfriend Darren Osborne (Ashley Taylor Dawson) is involved in the disappearance of Patrick, and has a drink with Darren's father, Jack Osborne (Jimmy McKenna), to intimidate Darren. DS Thorpe later arrests and questions solicitor James Nightingale (Gregory Finnegan) after Ste Hay (Kieron Richardson) states that James kidnapped his boyfriend Harry Thompson (Parry Glasspool). DS Thorpe and DS Gavin Armstrong (Andrew Hayden-Smith) then convince Patrick's daughter, Sienna, to help them get Maxine to confess to killing Patrick. DS Armstrong and DS Thorpe eventually get criminal Warren Fox (Jamie Lomas) to help Sienna and pose as Mike Jones to gain Maxine's trust and find out if she killed Patrick. Warren finds out that Maxine hid Patrick's body in the city wall. When DS Armstrong and DS Thorpe investigate, they find that the body had been moved. However, the body is later found in the woods by Nico and Peri Lomax (Ruby O'Donnell), so DS Thorpe and DS Armstrong open an investigation there.

title: List of Nintendo DS accessories

text: After the first passthru (patching card information) got homebrew code running, several people started to produce and sell the so-called PassMe devices. Currently, the BIOS of the Nintendo DS has been disassembled and will lead to passthrules cards. PassMe v1 could simply use any Nintendo DS Game Card to operate, while PassMe v2 required on-board memory for game specific booting, which would combat with later versions of the Nintendo DS's firmware that blocked nongame-specific boots. However, this required SRAM in the media that the PassMe was booting to, and thus did not operate with some media devices, such as the Game Boy Advance Media Player (CF/SD).

title: Kosmos 1

text: Kosmos 1 was a DS-2 satellite, the first of two to be launched. The second was launched on 1 December 1964, but did not reach orbit after the payload fairing of the rocket carrying it failed to separate. The DS-2 was a scaled down version of the earlier DS-1 satellite, lacking an avionics system, which was built after the first two DS-1 spacecraft failed to reach orbit.

title: Datsun DS series

text: The Datsun DS-5 was released in 1953 and was the same as the DS-4 except for the engine, which was changed to the new 860cc D10 engine (basically a stroked Type 7 engine) producing 25 horsepower. The grille was changed sometime in 1954. The DS-5 was in production until 1954, when it was replaced by the completely redesigned Datsun DS-6.

title: Datsun DS series

text: The Datsun DS-2 was released in 1951 and was completely redesigned with modern styling (the front end resembled a scaled-down Willys Jeep). The DS-2 was now based on the Datsun 5147 truck and the drivetrain was carried over from the DS. The DS-2 and later DS models were marketed as a less expensive (and basic) alternative to the more upscale DB. The DS-2 was known in Japan as the "Square Dandy" thanks to its square and boxy styling; the DS-2 was in production until 1952, when it was replaced by the Datsun DS-4.

title: Nintendo DS & DSi Browser

text: The Memory Expansion Pak, much like the Rumble Pak for the Nintendo DS is a "DS Option Pak". When inserted into a DS GBA slot, the Memory Pak adds 8MB of RAM to the DS and a memory management unit.

title: Nintendo DS

text: The Nintendo DS was launched in North America for US$149.99 on November 21, 2004; in Japan for JP¥15,000 on December 2 in the color "Titanium" . Well over three million preorders were taken in North America and Japan; preorders at online stores were launched on November 3, and ended the same day as merchants had already sold their allotment. Initially Nintendo planned to deliver one million units combined at the North American and Japanese launches; when it saw the preorder numbers, it brought another factory online to ramp up production. Nintendo originally slated 300,000 units for the U.S. debut; 550,000 were shipped, and just over 500,000 of those sold through in the first week. Later in 2005, the manufacturer suggested retail price for the Nintendo DS was dropped to US$129.99.

title: Nintendo DSi system software

text: One of the major updates the Nintendo DSi brings to the Nintendo DS line is full network connectivity. Unlike the original Nintendo DS and Nintendo DS Lite which only featured minimal network connectivity, download content and firmware updates are at the core of the DSi experience, similar to the Wii and Sony's PlayStation Portable consoles. For example, when users first power up the system and click on the DSi Shop icon from the main menu, they are immediately prompted to run a firmware update. The Nintendo DSi supports WEP, WPA (AES/TKIP), and WPA2 (AES/TKIP) wireless encryption; only software with built-in support can use the latter two encryption types, as they were not supported by the DS and DS Lite.

title: DS 6

text: The DS 6WR is a subcompact luxury crossover SUV designed by the French automaker DS Automobiles specifically for the Asian market. It was the second model of DS, then a sub brand, to not feature the Citroën logo, following the launch of the DS 5LS earlier in 2014. First announced to the public in April 2014 as the DS 6WR, it was released for sale in the autumn of 2014.

title: Socialist Democracy (Brazil)

text: Socialist Democracy (, DS) is a far-left Trotskyist group in Brazil. Formed in 1979, DS was affiliated to the United Secretariat of the Fourth International. DS was one of the first groups to affiliate with the Workers' Party (PT) when the PT formed in 1980. The activists in Socialist Democracy hoped to transform the PT into a revolutionary socialist party. As the PT grew, DS grew to become one of the largest Trotskyist organizations in the world.

title: Beyblade: Metal Fusion

text: The first video game to be released from the "Beyblade: Metal Fusion" series was "Metal Fight Beyblade DS", which debuted on March 26, 2009 for the Nintendo DS. The majority of the games produced so far have only been released in Japan, though Hudson Soft has localized the second Nintendo DS game and the Wii game for North America, which is called "Battle Fortress". So far, all dedicated "Metal Fight Beyblade" games have been developed and published by Hudson. The most recent "Metal Fight Beyblade" video game to be released was "Metal Fight Beyblade: Choujou Kessen! Big Bang Blader" for the DS in Japan, which was released on December 2, 2010.

title: Hoërskool Voortrekker

text: Ds. James Murray Louw studied for the ministry at Victoria College, Stellenbosch. The first Nederduitse Gereformeerde church in Boksburg was a wood and iron building on the corner of Market and Trichardts streets, opposite Market Square, where the Old Town Hall is situated. Ds. Louw was the second minister for the Boksburg congregation. He assumed duties in December 1898. When the Anglo-Boer War broke out, Ds. Louw left for the Natal front with the Boksburg Commando on 12 October 1899. For the next two and half years Ds. Louw stayed with the Republic forces. On 5 June 1902 Ds. Louw and the remnants of the Boksburg Commando laid down their weapons finally at Kraal station, just south of Heidelberg. Under his leadership, the "Klipkerk" was built in 1912. Ds. Louw was especially concerned about education and welfare of orphans. Immediately after returning from the war, he arranged housing for 20 Boksburg war orphans.

title: Nintendo DS Lite

text: On June 13, 2006, Nintendo announced that 136,500 units were sold in two days since the DS Lite went on sale in North America, and seemed to be on pace to the 500,000 sold by the original Nintendo DS in its first ten days. Shortly after its launch, the DS Lite was sold out at major US retailers; however, it did not have the same ongoing shortages in the US as it did in Japan through 2006 and 2007.

title: The Silver Case

text: Suda had wanted to re-release the game in some form, but similar issues with its story and dialogue initially kept it exclusive to Japan. A remake for the Nintendo DS was announced in 2007. It was also announced that it would receive a Western release. Suda chose the platform as it was the most popular gaming console at the time. The gameplay was revamped to work with the DS' dual screen and touchscreen functions, but he also wanted the title to be more "complete" as it was Grasshopper Manufacture's first title. No extra storyline was created. During this period, Suda was also working on "", and so when asked about the game, said that its Western release needed time. Suda later stated in 2009 that the DS port was "up in the air": while the game had been successfully ported to DS, Suda and his team felt that they needed to completely remake the title to fit in with current gaming trends. Suda eventually confirmed in February 2012 that the DS port would not be released. Speaking in later interviews, Suda said that the DS port was cancelled because it did not feel right, as would have needed drastic changes to suit its new environment.

title: List of Beyblade: Metal Fusion video games

text: The first game to be released from the "Metal Fight Beyblade" series was "Metal Fight Beyblade DS", which debuted on March 26, 2009, and the latest release being "Metal Fight Beyblade: Bakuten! Cyber Pegasis", which was released on December 3, 2009. There are 6 games holding the ""Metal Fight Beyblade"" name. Most of the games so far have been released only in Japan. "Metal Fight Beyblade: Bakutan! Cyber Pegasis" for the DS, and "Metal Fight Beyblade: Gachinko Stadium" for the Wii are the first of its game series to be released outside Japan in North America, and Europe. The first DS game will most likely not have an English release due to it being based on the Metal System, (4-piece tops) and the fact that the game was released a week before the anime started in Japan.

title: Datsun DS series

text: The Datsun DS-6 Convar was released in 1954 and was more modern and attractive compared to the DS-4 and DS-5. The DS-6 was based on the DS-5 and used its drivetrain. The front-end was unique with a flat panel (with "DATSUN" in individual letters) between the hood opening and the grille, which was oval-shaped that was split by the bumper bar. The trunk lid lifted up rather than folded down. The DS-6 was in production until December 1954, when it was replaced by the all new Datsun 110.

title: Trauma Center: Under the Knife

text: Trauma Center: Under the Knife is a video game developed by Atlus for the Nintendo DS (DS). The debut entry in the "Trauma Center" series, it was published in Japan and North America by Atlus in 2005, and by Nintendo in Europe in 2006. Set in a near future where medical science can treat previously incurable diseases, the world's population panics when a new and seemingly incurable disease called GUILT begins to spread. Doctor Derek Stiles, a man possessing a mystical "Healing Touch", works with the medical group Caduceus to find a cure to GUILT. The gameplay combines surgery-based simulation relying on the DS's touchscreen controls with a story told as a visual novel.

title: Monster Rancher DS

text: The game was announced on May 23, 2008 and would be released in Japan as "Monster Farm DS 2: Yomigaeru! Master Breeder Densetsu". At that time no localization for the first game, "Monster Farm DS" had been announced for North America. This gave rise to speculation that both games would not be localized in North America at all which would be a first for the series since every past game in the series had been localized with all of the past portable titles: "Monster Rancher Advance" and "Monster Rancher Advance 2" being released in North America. However, on November 10, 2009 this speculation was proven untrue when it was announced that "Monster Farm DS 2" would be released in North America as "Monster Rancher DS" with the first DS game, "Monster Farm DS" not being localized in favor of its sequel. This announcement came a year after its original Japanese release and came as a surprise to many fans who had lost hope.

title: List of Hollyoaks characters (2014)

text: DS Thorpe's nephew Ryan Knight (Duncan James) moves to Hollyoaks with his fiancée Amy Barnes (Ashley Slanina-Davies) and her children to Ste. After a custody battle between Amy and Ste, Ryan believes that Ste reported Amy to Social Services after a video went viral online which looked like Amy was mistreating her daughter, Leah Barnes (Ela-May Demircan). It is revealed that Ste's boyfriend, Harry, who reported her. After DS Thorpe tells Ryan where the phonecall came from, Ryan savagely attacks Ste until Harry admits that he was responsible. DS Thorpe is later forced to give Ryan an alibi when Ste reports him to the police. In January 2017, DS Thorpe investigates the murder of DI Eva Falco (Kerry Bennett), who Grace shot dead on a train. Grace gets an alibi from her half-brother, Adam Donovan (Jimmy Essex), although Grace's other half-brother and Eva's boyfriend Liam Donovan (Maxim Baldry), does not believe his siblings and works with DS Thorpe to gain Grace's trust and get a confession from her. DS Thorpe later reveals to a distraught Liam that Eva was pregnant with his child when she was murdered, hoping that Liam would become more determined to bring Grace down. Liam tries to encourage Grace to do a deal with Shane Sweeney (Lanre Malaolu) where she will swap some of The Loft's cash notes with fake ones. Grace lies to Liam she will do it, but she throws the money away as she is suspicious about Liam's behaviour. As Liam has told DS Thorpe that the deal is on, DS Thorpe and the police turn up at The Loft, but don't find anything. After more help from Liam, DS Thorpe arrests Grace for the murder of Darcy Wilde (Aisling Jarrett-Gavin), Adam's fiancé who has been presumed dead for several years ago. Grace continues to state that she did not murder Darcy or Eva, and is forced to go on the run. Eventually Thorpe finds Grace but then has to release her when it turns out Darcy wasn't dead after all.

title: Mario Kart DS

text: The game was the first for the Nintendo DS to take advantage of the console's Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection feature. By the end of its debut week in the United States, 112,000 people purchased the game, of which 52,000 of them had logged onto Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection to play against other people over the Internet. "Mario Kart DS" was the best-selling handheld game in its debut month of November 2005 in the United States. It was the 10th best-selling game of 2008, and the best-selling Nintendo DS game of that year. In Japan, the game sold 224,411 copies in its first week. "Mario Kart DS" sold 3,112,363 units as of July 2008, and 3,224,996 copies as of January 2009, making it the sixth best-selling game for the Nintendo DS since the console's release. In the United States, it sold 910,000 copies and earned $31 million by August 2006. During the period between January 2000 and August 2006, it was the 23rd highest-selling game launched for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS or PlayStation Portable in that country. As of March 2016, "Mario Kart DS" has sold 23.60 million units worldwide.


query: Are there medications for Tourettes?

title: Treatment of Tourette syndrome

text: Tourette syndrome (also Tourette's syndrome or TS) is an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by the presence of motor and phonic tics. Treatment of Tourette syndrome has the goal of managing symptoms to achieve optimum functioning, rather than eliminating symptoms; not all persons with Tourette's require treatment, and there is no cure or universally effective medication.[1][2][3] Explanation and reassurance alone are often sufficient treatment;[2] education is an important part of any treatment plan.[4]

title: Tourette syndrome

text:
There is no cure for Tourette's and no medication that works universally for all individuals without significant adverse effects. Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders. The management of the symptoms of Tourette's may include pharmacological, behavioral and psychological therapies. While pharmacological intervention is reserved for more severe symptoms, other treatments (such as supportive psychotherapy or cognitive behavioral therapy) may help to avoid or ameliorate depression and social isolation, and to improve family support. Educating a patient, family, and surrounding community (such as friends, school, and church) is a key treatment strategy, and may be all that is required in mild cases.
Medication is available to help when symptoms interfere with functioning. The classes of medication with the most proven efficacy in treating tics—typical and atypical neuroleptics including risperidone (trade name Risperdal), ziprasidone (Geodon), haloperidol (Haldol), pimozide (Orap) and fluphenazine (Prolixin)—can have long-term and short-term adverse effects. The antihypertensive agents clonidine (trade name Catapres) and guanfacine (Tenex) are also used to treat tics; studies show variable efficacy, but a lower side effect profile than the neuroleptics. Stimulants and other medications may be useful in treating ADHD when it co-occurs with tic disorders. Drugs from several other classes of medications can be used when stimulant trials fail, including guanfacine (trade name Tenex), atomoxetine (Strattera) and tricyclic antidepressants. Clomipramine (Anafranil), a tricyclic, and SSRIs—a class of antidepressants including fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and fluvoxamine (Luvox)—may be prescribed when a Tourette's patient also has symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Several other medications have been tried, but evidence to support their use is unconvincing.

title: Nick van Bloss

text: After years of enduring a condition for which he had no name, Nick was finally correctly diagnosed with Tourette syndrome when he was twenty-one. Although Nick felt jubilant in finally having a name for his condition (after a fourteen-year wait), he was resentful that the medical profession had not detected the tell-tale signs of Tourette syndrome.

title: Klazomania

text: Jankovic and Mejia describe klazomania as due to tourettism (tics having Tourette syndrome-like features but not due to TS). According to the revised fourth edition of the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-IV-TR), Tourette's may be diagnosed when the other diagnostic criteria are met and symptoms cannot be attributed to another general medical condition. Hence, other medical conditions that include tics or tic-like movements—such as tourettism—must be ruled out before a TS diagnosis can be conferred. There are no specific tests; the diagnosis is based on history and symptoms.

title: Tourette syndrome

text: There are no specific medical or screening tests that can be used in diagnosing Tourette's; it is frequently misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, partly because of the wide expression of severity, ranging from mild (the majority of cases) or moderate, to severe (the rare, but more widely recognized and publicized cases). Coughing, eye blinking, and tics that mimic unrelated conditions such as asthma are commonly misdiagnosed.

title: Dash Mihok

text: Mihok said that one of the early reasons he became an actor was because he had so much experience in hiding his Tourette's. He said the focus required of acting allows him to mask many of his tics. Mihok says the biggest misconception about Tourette's Syndrome is about vocal tics, called coprolalia. Not everyone with Tourette's does that: "Tics tend to wax and wane, not everybody's screaming obscenities all the time." Mihok said he took medication during high school for the Tourette's.

title: Tourette syndrome

text: A person with Tourette's has about a 50% chance of passing the gene(s) to one of his or her children, but Tourette's is a condition of variable expression and incomplete penetrance. Thus, not everyone who inherits the genetic vulnerability will show symptoms; even close family members may show different severities of symptoms, or no symptoms at all. The gene(s) may express as Tourette's, as a milder tic disorder (provisional or chronic tics), or as obsessive–compulsive symptoms without tics. Only a minority of the children who inherit the gene(s) have symptoms severe enough to require medical attention. Gender appears to have a role in the expression of the genetic vulnerability: males are more likely than females to express tics.

text: I Have Tourette's but Tourette's Doesn't Have Me is a 2005 documentary film featuring children between the ages of six and thirteen with Tourette syndrome. The film examines the lives of more than a dozen children who have Tourette's, and explores the challenges they face.

title: Treatment of Tourette syndrome

text: There are no medications specifically designed to target tics, although some antipsychotics (for example, pimozide) have been FDA-approved for treating Tourette's. Medications which are used as primary treatment in other conditions are used with some success in treating tics. Neuroleptic medications (antipsychotics), such as haloperidol (brand name Haldol) or pimozide (brand name Orap), have historically been and continue to be the medications with the most proven efficacy in controlling tics. These medications work by blocking dopamine receptors, and are associated with a high side effect profile. The traditional antipsychotic drugs are associated with tardive dyskinesia when used long-term; and parkinsonism, dystonia, dyskinesia, and akathisia when used short-term. Additional side effects can be school phobia (a form of separation anxiety), depression, weight gain, and cognitive blunting (dulling of cognitive ability). Another traditional antipsychotic used in treating Tourette's is fluphenazine (brand name Prolixin), although the evidence supporting its use is less than that of haloperidol and pimozide.[6]

title: Causes and origins of Tourette syndrome

text:
Causes and origins of tinnys Tourette syndrome have not been fully elucidated. Tourette syndrome (also called "Tourette's syndrome", "Tourette's disorder", "Gilles de la Tourette syndrome", "GTS" or "TS") is an inherited neurological disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by the presence of multiple motor tics and at least one phonic tic, which characteristically wax and wane. Tourette's syndrome occurs along a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes transient tics and chronic tics.
The exact cause of Tourette's is unknown, but it is well established that both genetic and environmental factors are involved. The overwhelming majority of cases of Tourette's are inherited, although the exact mode of inheritance is not yet known, and no gene has been identified. Tics are believed to result from dysfunction in the thalamus, basal ganglia, and frontal cortex of the brain, involving abnormal activity of the brain chemical, or neurotransmitter, dopamine. In addition to dopamine, multiple neurotransmitters, like serotonin, GABA, glutamate, and histamine (H3-receptor), are involved.

title: Societal and cultural aspects of Tourette syndrome

text: Other television and film productions depicting persons with TS, or using coprolalia as a plot device, include an episode of "Ally McBeal", in which Anne Heche portrays a woman with Tourette's whose leg tic causes her to run over and kill her boyfriend; "An Angel on my Tree", an episode of "Touched by an Angel" in which a father commits manslaughter in reaction to an event that involved his son who had Tourette's; an episode of "The Simpsons", in which Bart Simpson is mentioned to claimed to have Tourette's to excuse himself from a test; and an episode of "South Park", "Le Petit Tourette", in which Eric Cartman pretends to have Tourette's to get away with saying offensive things. The episode received a mixed reaction from the Tourette Syndrome Association, which commented that it provided useful information while at the same time perpetuating outright myths about coprolalia and Tourette syndrome.

text: A German psychiatrist examined the question of Mozart's diagnoses and concluded that "Tourette’s syndrome is an inventive but implausible diagnosis in the medical history of Mozart". Evidence of motor tics was found lacking and the notion that involuntary vocal tics are transferred to the written form was labeled "problematic". Neurologist and author Oliver Sacks published an editorial disputing Simkin's claim, and the Tourette Syndrome Association pointed out the speculative nature of this information. No Tourette's syndrome expert or organization has voiced concurrence that there is credible evidence to conclude that Mozart had Tourette's. One TS specialist stated that, "although some web sites list Mozart as an individual who had Tourette's and/or OCD, it's not clear from the descriptions of his behavior that he actually had either."

title: Tourette syndrome

text: Secondary causes of tics (not related to inherited Tourette syndrome) are commonly referred to as tourettism. Dystonias, choreas, other genetic conditions, and secondary causes of tics should be ruled out in the differential diagnosis for Tourette syndrome. Other conditions that may manifest tics or stereotyped movements include developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and stereotypic movement disorder; Sydenham's chorea; idiopathic dystonia; and genetic conditions such as Huntington's disease, neuroacanthocytosis, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Wilson's disease, and tuberous sclerosis. Other possibilities include chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, XYY syndrome and fragile X syndrome. Acquired causes of tics include drug-induced tics, head trauma, encephalitis, stroke, and carbon monoxide poisoning. The symptoms of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome may also be confused with Tourette syndrome. Most of these conditions are rarer than tic disorders, and a thorough history and examination may be enough to rule them out, without medical or screening tests.

title: Health of Samuel Johnson

text: Pearce was not alone in diagnosing Johnson as having Tourette syndrome; in 1967 Lawrence C. McHenry Jr was the first to diagnose Johnson with the syndrome but in passing. It was not until Arthur K. Shapiro's "Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome" that the diagnosis was made clear through a comprehensive study, with Shapiro declaring, "Samuel Johnson ... is the most notable example of a successful adaptation to life despite the liability of Tourette syndrome". T. J. Murray had come to the same conclusion in a 1979 "British Medical Journal" paper. Murray based his diagnosis on various accounts of Johnson displaying physical tics, "involuntary vocalisations" and "compulsive behaviour".

title: Tourette syndrome

text: Tourette's is associated with several comorbid conditions, or co-occurring diagnoses, which are often the major source of impairment for an affected child. Most individuals with tics do not seek medical attention, so epidemiological studies of TS "reflect a strong ascertainment bias", but among those who do warrant medical attention, the majority have other conditions, and up to 50% have ADHD or OCD.

title: History of Tourette syndrome

text: In 2015, the Tourette Syndrome Association changed its name to the Tourette Association of America. As of 2006, the Tourette Syndrome Association had contacts in more than 50 countries. The Tourette syndrome International database Consortium (TIC) brought together data on clinical samples of patients with Tourette syndrome from twenty-two countries (Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Norway, People's Republic of China, Poland, South Africa, Sweden, Turkey, the US and the UK); Tourette's has also been studied in Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Korea, and Spain.

title: History of Tourette syndrome

text: The Shapiros, working with the patient families who founded in 1972 the Tourette Syndrome Association (TSA, renamed to Tourette Association of America in 2015), advanced the argument that Tourette's is a neurological, rather than psychological, disorder, and worked to persuade the media to promote information about Tourette's. Although the original case reports of TS were by French neurologists, the "focus moved to New York in the 1970s" and "the centre for the most committed progress in TS continued to be the USA, facilitated by the success of the Tourette Syndrome Association".

text: Several documentaries have attempted to portray Tourette's syndrome accurately and to advocate for greater understanding of persons with Tourette's, while others focus on sensationalizing coprolalia. The Emmy Award-winning television documentary film "I Have Tourette's but Tourette's Doesn't Have Me" was produced by HBO in conjunction with the Tourette Syndrome Association, featuring children between the ages of six and 13. It was described by the "Cincinnati Enquirer" as "the best simple overview yet of Tourette's". "John's Not Mad" (1989) and "The Boy Can't Help It" (2000) are documentaries about a young man from Scotland, who has severe Tourette's and coprolalia. "Twitch and Shout" examines a society that is quick to judge a person who strays outside the limits of conventional behavior and was nominated for an Emmy. A 2007 British documentary, "Tourette De France", followed a group of teenagers with Tourette's on a trip to Paris; many of the teenagers featured in the program had coprolalia. "Movements and Madness: Gusti Ayu" is a documentary about the struggles of a young woman with severe Tourette's in a small village in Indonesia. A 2011 BBC documentary, "Tourettes: I Swear I Can Sing", followed aspiring musician Ruth Ojadi as she explains her experience of TS and her struggle to find self-confidence in her singing.

title: Tourettism

text: Tourettism refers to the presence of Tourette-like symptoms in the absence of Tourette syndrome, as the result of other diseases or conditions, known as "secondary causes".

title: Tourette syndrome

text:
Although it has been speculated that Mozart had Tourette's, no Tourette's expert or organization has presented credible evidence to support such a conclusion, and there are problems with the arguments supporting the diagnosis: tics are not transferred to the written form, as is supposed with Mozart's scatological writings; the medical history in retrospect is not thorough; side effects due to other conditions may be misinterpreted; "it is not proven whether written documents can account for the existence of a vocal tic" and "the evidence of motor tics in Mozart's life is doubtful."
Pre-dating Gilles de la Tourette's 1885 publication, likely portrayals of TS or tic disorders in fictional literature are Mr. Pancks in "Little Dorrit" by Charles Dickens and Nikolai Levin in "Anna Karenina" by Leo Tolstoy. The entertainment industry has been criticized for depicting those with Tourette syndrome as social misfits whose only tic is coprolalia, which has furthered stigmatization and the public's misunderstanding of those with Tourette's. The coprolalic symptoms of Tourette's are also fodder for radio and television talk shows in the US and in the British media.

title: Keith Collins

text: Keith Collins was diagnosed with Tourette Syndrome at a young age of 5. Collins who suffered in his early life from the disorder has been medication free since 13. Collins continues to raise awareness and has hosted numerous charity functions for Tourette Syndrome.

title: Georges Gilles de la Tourette

text: During 1873 Tourette began medical studies at Poitiers. He later relocated to Paris where he became a student, amanuensis, and house physician of his mentor, the influential contemporary neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot, director of the Salpêtrière Hospital. Charcot also helped him to advance in his academic career. Tourette studied and lectured in psychotherapy, hysteria and medical and legal ramifications of mesmerism (modern-day hypnosis).

title: History of Tourette syndrome

text: The direction of current and future research in Tourette's was outlined in a 2005 journal article by the outgoing chairman of the TSA Scientific Advisory Board. Swerdlow divides the research landscape into five broad questions about Tourette's: what is it, who has it, what causes it, how it should be studied, and how it should be (medically) treated.

title: Tourette syndrome

text:
Tourette syndrome (TS or simply Tourette's) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic. These tics characteristically wax and wane, can be suppressed temporarily, and are typically preceded by an unwanted urge or sensation in the affected muscles. Some common tics are eye blinking, coughing, throat clearing, sniffing, and facial movements. Tourette's does not adversely affect intelligence or life expectancy.
Tourette's is defined as part of a spectrum of tic disorders, which includes provisional, transient and persistent (chronic) tics. While the exact cause is unknown, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There are no specific tests for diagnosing Tourette's; it is not always correctly identified because most cases are mild and the severity of tics decreases for most children as they pass through adolescence. Extreme Tourette's in adulthood, though sensationalized in the media, is a rarity; tics are often unnoticed by casual observers.
In most cases, medication for tics is not necessary. Education is an important part of any treatment plan, and explanation and reassurance alone are often sufficient treatment. Many individuals with Tourette's go undiagnosed or never seek medical care. Among those who are seen in specialty clinics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are present at higher rates. These co-occurring diagnoses often cause more impairment to the individual than the tics; hence, it is important to correctly identify associated conditions and treat them.
About 1% of school-age children and adolescents have Tourette's. It was once considered a rare and bizarre syndrome, most often associated with coprolalia (the utterance of obscene words or socially inappropriate and derogatory remarks), but this symptom is present in only a small minority of people with Tourette's. The condition was named by Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) on behalf of his resident, Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette (1857–1904), a French physician and neurologist, who published an account of nine patients with Tourette's in 1885.

title: Arthur K. Shapiro

text: Working with the New York patient families who founded the Tourette Syndrome Association (TSA, since renamed to TAA) in 1972, the Shapiros advanced the argument that Tourette's was neurological rather than psychological, and the medical view of Tourette syndrome was "freed from its century-long submission to discredited psychoanalytic theory". In 1978, the Shapiros published a "landmark book" on the disorder, "Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome". In 1981, Shapiro was chosen honorary co-president of the First International Tourette Syndrome Symposium, held in New York. Since the 1990s, a more neutral view of Tourette's is emerging as a condition involving an interaction between biological vulnerability and adverse environmental events.

title: Tourette syndrome

text: According to the fifth edition of the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-5), Tourette’s may be diagnosed when a person exhibits both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics over the period of a year; the motor and vocal tics need not be concurrent. The onset must have occurred before the age of 18, and cannot be attributed to the effects of another condition or substance (such as cocaine). Hence, other medical conditions that include tics or tic-like movements—such as autism or other causes of tourettism—must be ruled out before conferring a Tourette's diagnosis. Since 2000, the DSM has recognized that clinicians see patients who meet all the other criteria for Tourette's, but do not have distress or impairment.

title: Mozart and scatology

text: While often discussed, the Mozart/Tourette hypothesis has failed to sway mainstream opinion on this issue. Indeed, Kammer (2007) states that the work proposing the hypothesis has been "promptly and harshly" criticized. The critical commentary asserts both medical misdiagnosis and errors of Mozart scholarship. Kammer concluded that "Tourette's syndrome is an inventive but implausible diagnosis in the medical history of Mozart". Evidence of motor tics was found lacking and the notion that involuntary vocal tics are transferred to the written form was labeled "problematic". Neurologist and author Oliver Sacks published an editorial disputing Simkin's claim, and the Tourette Syndrome Association pointed out the speculative nature of this information. No Tourette's syndrome expert or organization has voiced concurrence that there is credible evidence to conclude that Mozart had Tourette's. One TS specialist stated that "although some websites list Mozart as an individual who had Tourette's or OCD, it's not clear from the descriptions of his behavior that he actually had either".

title: Causes and origins of Tourette syndrome

text: A person with Tourette syndrome has about a 50% chance of passing the gene(s) to one of his/her children. Gender appears to have a role in the expression of the genetic vulnerability, with males more likely to express tics than females. Tourette syndrome is a condition of incomplete penetrance, meaning not everyone who inherits the genetic vulnerability will show symptoms. Tourette's also shows variable expression—even family members with the same genetic makeup may show different levels of symptom severity. The gene(s) may express as Tourette syndrome, as a milder tic disorder (transient or chronic tics), or as obsessive compulsive symptoms with no tics at all. Only a minority of the children who inherit the gene(s) will have symptoms severe enough to require medical attention. There is currently no way to predict the symptoms a child may display, even if the gene(s) are inherited.

text: Pearce was not alone in diagnosing Johnson as having Tourette syndrome; in 1967 McHenry Jr was the first to diagnose Johnson with the syndrome. It was not until Arthur K. Shapiro's "Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome" that the diagnosis was made clear, with Shapiro declaring, "Samuel Johnson ... is the most notable example of a successful adaptation to life despite the liability of Tourette syndrome". Murray had come to the same conclusion in a 1979 "British Medical Journal" paper. Murray based his diagnosis on various accounts of Johnson displaying physical tics, "involuntary vocalisations" and "compulsive behaviour".

title: Treatment of Tourette syndrome

text: There is no cure for Tourette's and no medication which works universally for all individuals without significant adverse effects;[3] knowledge and understanding are the best treatments available for tics.[2][4] Management of the symptoms of Tourette's may include pharmacological, behavioral and psychological therapies. While pharmacological treatment is reserved for more severe symptoms, other types of treatments may help avoid or improve symptoms of depression or social isolation, and improve supportive family functioning. Educating the patient, family, and surrounding community (school, church, friends, etc.) is a key part of treatment.[1]