query: What's the difference between man-slaughter and homicide?

title: Murder (United States law)

text: In the United States, the law regarding murder varies by jurisdiction. In most U.S. jurisdictions there is a hierarchy of acts, known collectively as homicide, of which first degree murder and felony murder are the most serious, followed by second degree murder, followed by voluntary manslaughter and involuntary manslaughter which are not as serious, and ending finally in justifiable homicide, which is not a crime at all. However, because there are at least 52 relevant jurisdictions, each with its own criminal code, this is a considerable simplification.[1]

title: Homicide: Life on the Street (season 2)

text: What I learned is that it is very hard for a network to make a real commitment. A hit-and-run sensibility is prevalent. ... In all fairness to NBC, this is a tougher kind of show than any other show they carry. It is different, and no one is going to endorse different in this world, no one celebrates different.

title: Homicide (wrestler)

text: Homicide challenged Samoa Joe for the ROH World Championship once more at "Reborn: Stage 1" on April 23. Homicide showed signs of anger and frustration throughout the match, and after he scored what appeared to be a three count with a roll-up, but what the referee of the match ruled only a two count, he turned into a villainous character by knocking him out. As the recovered Joe went to attack Homicide, the lights in the arena went out and in the darkness Homicide threw a fireball at Joe, which led to him getting disqualified in the match. After the match, Homicide attacked referees and wrestlers who came to the ring to aid the badly burned Joe, before being apprehended by the rest of the locker room. In subsequent weeks, Homicide defeated fan favorites Bryan Danielson and Spanky, cheating and threatening referees in both matches. Homicide faced Joe for the ROH Heavyweight Championship for a third time on May 22 at "Generation Next", with Joe retaining in a match which saw him bleed for the first time in ROH. Homicide and Joe continued to feud throughout the summer of 2004, with Homicide recruiting a stable known as The Rottweilers (originally Low Ki, Ricky Reyes, Rocky Romero and Julius Smokes) to help him defeat Joe. Despite the best efforts of The Rottweilers, Joe defeated Homicide to retain his title in a fourth match on July 23 at "Death Before Dishonor II: Night 1". The Rottweilers worked as a unit throughout the remainder of 2004, helping one another win matches.

title: The Slaughtering Grounds

text: The Slaughtering Grounds is a first-person shooter survival horror video game developed and published by Digital Homicide Studios under the pseudonym "Imminent Uprising". It was released for Microsoft Windows on October 31, 2014, via Steam.

title: Stand-your-ground law

text: A 2013 study in the "Journal of Human Resources" claims that Stand Your Ground laws in states across the U.S. contribute to 600 additional homicides a year. According to Mark Hoestra, co-author of the study: "We asked what happened to homicide rates in states that passed these laws between 2000 and 2010, compared to other states over the same time period. We found that homicide rates in states with a version of the Stand Your Ground law increased by an average of 8 percent over states without it—which translates to roughly 600 additional homicides per year. These homicides are classified by police as criminal homicides, not as justifiable homicides." Although police officers make up for additional homicides, they are justified. These are not classified as murder because the officers are acting in the line of duty. Police are not required to retreat when acting in the line of duty.

title: Stand-your-ground law

text: A 2018 RAND Corporation overview of existing research concluded that "there is moderate evidence that stand-your-ground laws may increase homicide rates and limited evidence that the laws increase firearm homicides in particular." As a result, the research paper recommended that Congress "consider lifting current restrictions in appropriations legislation that limit research funding and access to data ... [and that] the administration should invest in firearm research ... [which includes] "defensive gun use". Justifiable homicides have been found to have increased by 8 percent in states with stand-your-ground laws. Economist John Lott says that states adopting stand-your-ground/castle doctrine laws reduced murder rates by 9 percent and overall violent crime by 11 percent, and that occurs even after accounting for a range of other factors such as national crime trends, law enforcement variables (arrest, execution, and imprisonment rates), income and poverty measures, demographic changes, and the national average changes in crime rates from year-to-year and average differences across states. One study found that the adoption of stand-your-ground laws caused a statistically significant increase in the raw homicide rate, and had only a very small positive effect on deterrence of crime. The authors of the study were unable to determine what percentage of the increase was justifiable homicide, due to the reporting of homicide to the FBI often lacking notation whether the homicide was justifiable or not.

title: Representation (arts)

text:
Aristotle went on to say it was a definitively human activity.
From childhood man has an instinct for representation, and in this respect man differs from the other animals that he is far more imitative and learns his first lessons though imitating things.
Aristotle discusses representation in three ways—
The means of literary representation is language. An important part of representation is the relationship between what the material and what it represents. The questions arising from this are, "A stone may represent a man but how? And by what and by what agreement, does this understanding of the representation occur?"

title: Ritual slaughter

text: Ritual slaughter is the practice of slaughtering livestock for meat in the context of a ritual ("duh!"). Ritual slaughter involves a prescribed method of slaughtering an animal for food production purposes. This differs from animal sacrifices that involve slaughtering animals, often in the context of rituals, for purposes other than mere food production.

title: Crime statistics

text: While most jurisdictions could probably agree about what constitutes a murder, what constitutes a homicide may be more problematic, while a crime against the person could vary widely. Legislation differences often means the ingredients of offences vary between jurisdictions.

title: Jack the Ripper

text: Bond was strongly opposed to the idea that the murderer possessed any kind of scientific or anatomical knowledge, or even "the technical knowledge of a butcher or horse slaughterer". In his opinion, the killer must have been a man of solitary habits, subject to "periodical attacks of homicidal and erotic mania", with the character of the mutilations possibly indicating "satyriasis". Bond also stated that "the homicidal impulse may have developed from a revengeful or brooding condition of the mind, or that religious mania may have been the original disease but I do not think either hypothesis is likely".

title: The Message in the Bottle

text: Percy says that the current theories of man make him into a sort of monster, a "centaur organism-plus soul . . . one not different from beasts yet somehow nevertheless possessing 'freedom' and 'dignity' and 'individuality' and 'mind' and such" (9). Modern man is, then, the collision of Judeo-Christian ethics and its focus upon individual freedom and scientific behaviorism, which says that man is no different from the animals—in other words, modern man believes himself to be no different from animals and yet somehow above them. What's more, no existing research really deals with the question of how language really works, of "how" human beings use and understand the symbols of linguistics. Percy puts this question into a sort of no-man's land, what he calls a "terra incognita" (17), between linguistics and psychology, the former of which deals with the results of language and the latter of which deals with the way people respond to language.

title: Animal slaughter

text: There has been controversy over whether or not animals should be slaughtered and over the various methods used. Some people believe sentient beings should not be harmed regardless of the purpose, or that meat production is an insufficient justification for harm. Religious slaughter laws and practices have always been a subject of debate, and the certification and labeling of meat products remain to be standardized. Animal welfare concerns are being addressed to improve slaughter practices by providing more training and new regulations. There are differences between conventional and religious slaughter practices, although both have been criticized on grounds of animal welfare. Concerns about religious slaughter focus on the stress caused during the preparation stages before the slaughtering, pain and distress that may be experienced during and after the neck cutting and the worry of a prolonged period of time of lost brain function during the points between death and preparation if a stunning technique such as electronarcosis is not applied.

title: Crime in Honduras

text: Between 2011 and 2015 the murder rate in Honduras decreased by 30% (rate claimed by government, not independently confirmed). Homicides went down from 88.5 per 100,000 residents to 60.0 per 100,000. Homicide rate decrease stopped in 2016 when the murder rate did not present any significant differences from 2015. In the first semester of 2016 a rate of 14 deaths per day equalled the murder rate in 2015. Murder rate decrease has been attributed to different reasons such as negotiations and agreements between criminal groups and government action, economic aid given by United States Agency for International Development to fund crime prevention programs and to the Mano Dura Laws. It is not clear which of these has caused the decrease in homicides.

title: Pig Heaven/Slaughter the Grey

text: Pig Heaven/Slaughter the Grey is the second EP by White Zombie, independently released as an EP in May 1986. Two different pressings of this album were created (the only differences between the two being the different guitarists and the altered cover art), both of which were limited to 500 copies each. By this time drummer Peter Landau was replaced by Ivan de Prume, who would remain with the band until after the release of "", and guitarist Paul "Ena" Kostabi by Tim Jeffs.

title: 2010–2017 Toronto serial homicides

text: The media roughly described an incident alleged to have occurred in 2016, in which McArthur and an unidentified man whom he met through a dating app were masturbating each other in the back of McArthur's van in a McDonald's restaurant parking lot. McArthur allegedly began throttling the man who broke free and said he would report what happened to police. Sources then vary, with McArthur following the man to a police station or driving to a police station while the man phoned police. McArthur either claimed it was the man who had choked him or that the man had asked to be choked then panicked and fled. No occurrence report was filed and McArthur was not charged. Homicide investigators only became aware of the alleged incident after McArthur's arrest, when the man came forward again to bring it to their attention.

title: Brandon Centerwall

text: Brandon S. Centerwall (born 1954) is an American epidemiologist and former professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington. He is known for researching the effects of media violence exposure, especially television, on homicide and assault rates. For example, in a 1989 study, he found that homicide rates in the United States and Canada doubled within twenty years of television being introduced there, as compared to homicide rates among whites in South Africa. He has also researched racial differences in domestic homicide rates, finding in 1995 that they are no longer statistically significant after controlling for socioeconomic status. His research on the prevalence of handguns and homicide rates, in which he found no statistically significant relationship between the two, has been cited favorably by some gun rights activists.

title: Homicide

text: Homicide is the act of one human killing another. A homicide requires only a volitional act by another person that results in death, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm. Homicides can be divided into many overlapping legal categories, including murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, killing in war (either following the laws of war or as a war crime), euthanasia, and capital punishment, depending on the circumstances of the death. These different types of homicides are often treated very differently in human societies; some are considered crimes, while others are permitted or even ordered by the legal system.

title: Shechita

text: Temple Grandin – a leading designer of animal handling systems – gives various research times for loss of consciousness via kosher and halal ritual slaughter and elaborates on what parts of the process she finds may or may not be cause for concern. Grandin observes that the way animals are handled and restrained prior to slaughter likely has a greater impact on their welfare than whether or not they are stunned. For this reason, "under the leadership of Grandin, research into animal welfare during slaughter has shifted away from examination of different techniques of stunning to a focus on auditing the performance of actual slaughter plants operating under commercial conditions."

title: Let's Play

text: In some cases, developers or publishers have used the DMCA to take down Let's Plays and other videos that are highly critical of a game, using the copyright provisions in the DMCA to override free speech or fair use aspects allowed for by the law. A noted case is that of Digital Homicide Studios against game critic Jim Sterling. Sterling had posted a Let's Play of Digital Homicide's "The Slaughtering Grounds" (2014) that noted numerous flaws in the game and called it as a potentially the worst game of 2014. Digital Homicide used a DMCA request to remove Sterling's video; Sterling was able file a counterclaim to restore the video. The action led to Digital Homicide's James Romine filing a $15 million defamation lawsuit against Sterling and 100 Steam users that left negative reviews of the game. The cases were ultimately dismissed or withdrawn.

title: Brazil

text: The country still has above-average levels of violent crime and particularly high levels of gun violence and homicide. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the number of 32 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, one of the highest rates of homicide of the world. The number considered tolerable by the WHO is about 10 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. However, there are differences between the crime rates in the Brazilian states. While in São Paulo the homicide rate registered in 2013 was 10.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, in Alagoas it was 64.7 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants.

title: Judaism and abortion

text: In mainstream rabbinic Judaism, the Biblical verse is one of several key texts that substantiate the later rabbinic prohibition on abortion, albeit not as murder. Owing partly to this verse, rabbinic law or halakhah sanctions abortion under some circumstances, namely for medical reasons. In principle, rabbinic Judaism does not regard the fetus as a full human being. While deliberately killing a day-old baby is murder, according to the Mishnah, a fetus is not covered by this strict homicide rule. In the reading of Biblical homicide laws, rabbinic sages argue that homicide concerns an animate human being ("nefesh adam" from Lev. 24:17) alone, not an embryo... because the embryo is not a person ("lav nefesh hu"). However the Talmud (Sanhedrin 57b) says that a fetus is included in the Noahide prohibition of bloodshed (distinct from homicide) that is learned from Genesis 9:6 that states (in a direct translation from the Hebrew); He who spills the blood of man in man shall have his blood spilt. The Talmud interprets "the blood of man in man" as to include a fetus, which is the blood of man in man. Things that are prohibited under the Noahide laws are also prohibited to Jews. The penalty of having his blood spilt, is interpreted by Maimonides as referring to a punishment by the hands of heaven, and not by the courts or man to man

title: Subway (Homicide: Life on the Street)

text: "Subway" featured guest star Bruce MacVittie as a man suspected of pushing Lange into the path of the train. The episode was written by James Yoshimura, who co-produced with David Simon. It was directed by Gary Fleder and was the only episode of "Homicide: Life on the Street" helmed by the feature film director. Yoshimura based "Subway" on an episode of the HBO hidden-camera documentary show "Taxicab Confessions", in which a New York City detective described a real-life instance of a man trapped between a subway train and platform.

title: Slaughter Field

text: Slaughter Field is a 100,000+ acre conventional oil and gas field 40 miles west of Lubbock, TX in Cochran, Hockley, and Terry Counties. It was discovered in 1936 by a three-way venture between Honolulu Oil Company, Devonian Oil Company, and Cascade Petroleum Company. The area was originally two different fields: Duggan Field (on the west) and Slaughter Field (on the east). When it was proven that both Duggan Field and Slaughter Field were producing from the same formation, they were combined under a single field regulation named Slaughter Field. In March 2015, it ranked 25th on the United States Energy Information's Top 100 U.S. Oil and Gas Fields.

title: Like sheep to the slaughter

text: The inverse of the phrase, contrary to what had been previously believed, was coined by the writer of the 10th century Jewish history "Josippon", which quoted Mattathias, a leader of the Maccabean Revolt, as having said, "Be strong and let us be strengthened and let us die fighting and not die as sheep led to slaughter". In a different context, the phrase was used by United States founder George Washington in 1783 to warn of the dangers of removing the right to freedom of speech: "the freedom of speech may be taken away, and dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep, to the Slaughter".

title: Effects of economic inequality

text:
Crime rate has also been shown to be correlated with inequality in society. Most studies looking into the relationship have concentrated on homicides – since homicides are almost identically defined across all nations and jurisdictions. There have been over fifty studies showing tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger. Research has been conducted comparing developed countries with undeveloped countries, as well as studying areas within countries. Daly et al. 2001 found that among U.S. states and Canadian provinces there is a tenfold difference in homicide rates related to inequality. They estimated that about half of all variation in homicide rates can be accounted for by differences in the amount of inequality in each province or state. Fajnzylber et al. (2002) found a similar relationship worldwide. Among comments in academic literature on the relationship between homicides and inequality are:
A 2016 study, controlling for different factors than previous studies, challenges the aforementioned findings. The study finds "little evidence of a significant empirical link between overall inequality and crime", and that "the previously reported positive correlation between violent crime and economic inequality is largely driven by economic segregation across neighborhoods instead of within-neighborhood inequality".

title: Downer (animal)

text: Different jurisdictions have different rules about what can be done with a downer cow. In some jurisdictions the cow may be slaughtered without question. In others, downer cattle may not be slaughtered even if the cause is a physical injury. In the United States, meat inspection is usually an interstate commerce issue, and is regulated by the Federal Meat Inspection Act. Now all livestock auction barns are not allowed to take sick or downer cows because of the rulings that originated with the BSE "mad cow" crisis.

title: Homicide (wrestler)

text: In January 2005 Homicide began a "best of five" series with American Dragon. Homicide was victorious in the first two matches, a submission match and a taped fist match, but lost the remaining three matches - a falls count anywhere match, a lumberjack match and a steel cage match at "The Final Showdown" on May 13, 2005. Following his loss to American Dragon, Homicide and the Rottweilers began a feud with Jay Lethal. On May 7 at "Manhattan Mayhem", Homicide and Low Ki teamed together to defeat Lethal and Samoa Joe. Lethal was stretchered from the arena wearing a neck brace, apparently badly injured. With Lethal injured, Homicide turned his attentions to James Gibson, whom he defeated on June 12 at "The Future Is Now". After the match, The Rottweilers continued to attack Gibson until Lethal made his return and saved Gibson. This led to a match between Lethal and Homicide on July 9 at "Escape from New York", which Homicide won. On July 23 at "The Homecoming", Homicide and two fellow Rottweilers (Low Ki and Ricky Reyes) defeated Samoa Joe, James Gibson and Jay Lethal in a six-man tag match. Low Ki fought Lethal to a no contest on August 12 at "Redemption", after Homicide came to ringside after the match to attack Lethal. His plan was foiled by Matt Hardy, who intercepted Homicide and then defeated him in a scheduled singles bout. On August 13 at "Punk: The Final Chapter", Lethal and Samoa Joe defeated Homicide and Low Ki by disqualification after Homicide elbow-dropped the referee. From that point on, Lethal began feuding primarily with Low Ki.

title: Ancient Greek law

text: One of the earliest dateable events in Athenian history is the creation of the Draconian law code, 620 BC. We know little about Draco and the code, with the homicide law being the only one known due to it surviving the Solonian reforms. The law seems to have distinguished between premeditated and involuntary homicide, and provided for the reconciliation of the killer with the family of the dead man. The homicide law of Draco was still in force in the fourth century. Though the rest of the code is unknown, it was by Athenian tradition known to have been very harsh.

title: The Slaughtering Grounds

text: On September 12, 2016, James Romine of Digital Homicide Studios filed a lawsuit against 100 Steam users for "personal injury" for a total sum of . This was followed by a request for a subpoena against Valve Corporation for the identities of those 100 users. Later that day, Valve removed the entire catalog of Digital Homicide Studios, consisting of 21 games (including "The Slaughtering Grounds") and 15 pieces of downloadable content, from Steam, stating that Valve had "stopped doing business with Digital Homicide for being hostile to Steam customers." On October 2, 2016, Digital Homicide Studios dropped the lawsuit against the Steam users, with James Romine stating the studio was "destroyed" due to it.

title: Violence

text: Rates and patterns of violent death vary by country and region. In recent years, homicide rates have been highest in developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean and lowest in East Asia, the western Pacific, and some countries in northern Africa. Studies show a strong, inverse relationship between homicide rates and both economic development and economic equality. Poorer countries, especially those with large gaps between the rich and the poor, tend to have higher rates of homicide than wealthier countries. Homicide rates differ markedly by age and sex. Gender differences are least marked for children. For the 15 to 29 age group, male rates were nearly six times those for female rates; for the remaining age groups, male rates were from two to four times those for females.

title: Urban legends about drugs

text: One legend holds that a man who, while under the influence of the drug, thoroughly sliced off pieces of his own face, including his eyes, to feed to his pet dogs. Some versions of this tale say he suffered permanent brain damage as well. This legend is remarkably similar to what the character Mason Verger did in Thomas Harris' 1999 novel "Hannibal". The legend, however, dates back earlier than 1999, and can be traced to former New York homicide detective Vernon J. Geberth, who writes about it in his book "Practical Homicide Investigation". According to Geberth, this actually did occur to a man named Michael, and that Geberth was one of the detectives called to the scene." A 1989 book by Dr. Joseph Sacco also mentions this story, albeit with a few differences in the details.


query: When did DC comics first introduce the Guardians of the Universe?

title: Guardians of the Universe

text: The Guardians of the Universe are a fictional race of extraterrestrials appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Green Lantern. They first appeared in Green Lantern Vol. 2, Issue 1 (July 1960), and were created by John Broome and Gil Kane.[1] The Guardians of the Universe have been adapted to a number of films, television programs, and video games.

title: Manhunter (comics)

text: Manhunter is the name given to several different fictional characters appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. They are depicted as superheroes, antiheroes, the Manhunters, and an entire race of androids created by the Guardians of the Universe as a forerunner to the Green Lantern Corps. None of these are to be confused with the better-known DC Comics superhero called the Martian Manhunter, who is sometimes addressed as "Manhunter".

title: Guardian (DC Comics)

text: In 2005, Grant Morrison's "Seven Soldiers" megaseries introduced a new character based on the original Guardian, Jake Jordan the Manhattan Guardian.

title: Dark Circle Comics

text: Archie licensed their Red Circle characters to DC Comics in the early 1990s under the DC imprint Impact Comics, and then again from 2007 to 2011, when DC attempted to integrate them into the DC Universe. When this failed, the characters reverted to Archie Comics, which launched the imprint digitally. The company retired this in late 2014; the line was relaunched as the Dark Circle Comics imprint in 2015.

title: Masters of the Universe

text: A Masters of the Universe comic book series was relaunched by DC Comics in 2012, first appearing as a series of digital comics. This was quickly followed by a six issue mini-series and all new revised origin issues for He-Man, Skeletor and Hordak. After a crossover mini-series with superheroes from the DC Comics universe in 2013, an ongoing series ran for 19 issues through 2014, before being replaced by the 'He-Man The Eternity War' 15 issue series in 2015/2016. This introduced a new back-story for He-man's sister She-ra (as Despara), Skeletor (as the half-Gar son of King Miro), Hordak, and the Snakemen; moving the storyline further along, with a new Horde invasion of Eternia and He-Man taking the Eternian throne, amongst other new developments. He-Man/ThunderCats, a crossover with another heroic 1980's action figure line, ThunderCats, was also produced for 6 issues in 2016-2017. The current DC Masters of the Universe property is a 6-part crossover series with DC Comics' .

title: Guardian (DC Comics)

text: The "Crisis on Infinite Earths" removed Duncan's career as the Guardian, although he did appear briefly in his Guardian costume during the Crisis itself.

title: Portrayal of black people in comics

text: Although Milestone comics were published through DC Comics, they did not take place in the DC Universe. The Milestone characters existed in a separate continuity that did not fall under DC Comics' direct editorial control (but DC still retained right of refusal to publish). It is worth noting that some DC characters such as Superman took part in the "Worlds Collide" crossover.

title: Masters of the Universe (comics)

text: A Masters of the Universe comic book series was relaunched by DC Comics in June 2012, first appearing as a series of digital comics. This was quickly followed by a six issue mini-series and all new revised origin issues for He-Man, Skeletor and Hordak. After a crossover mini-series with superheroes from the DC Comics universe in 2013, an ongoing series ran for 19 issues through 2014, before being replaced by the 'He-Man The Eternity War' 15 issue series in 2015/2016. This introduced a new back-story for He-man's sister She-ra (as Despara), Skeletor (as the half-Garn son of King Miro), Hordak, and the Snakemen; moving the storyline further along, with a new Horde invasion of Eternia and He-Man taking the Eternian throne, amongst other new developments. He-Man/ThunderCats, a crossover with another heroic 1980's action figure line, ThunderCats, was also produced for 6 issues in 2016-2017. The current DC Masters of the Universe property is a 6-part crossover series with DC Comics' .

title: 1970s in comics

text: Jack Kirby leaves Marvel Comics to work for rival DC Comics. At DC, he creates the Fourth World mythology, introducing many new characters to the DC Universe, most notably Darkseid.

title: List of government agencies in DC Comics

text: Département Gamma is the main French covert ops organization in the DC Comics universe. Known operatives are Andre Chevard (Boy Commandos) founder and leader, Fleur-de-Lis (Global Guardians), Belphegor (Global Guardians), Tin, the Captain, the Professor, and Halfwolf.

title: DC Universe Presents

text: The second was a title published as part of DC Comic's The New 52. The premise of the book was similar to that of DC's original "Showcase" and "DC Comics Presents" series. It would introduce characters and concepts into the rebooted universe. The final issue of this series, #19, was published in April 2013.

title: Yondu

text: A second version of Yondu was first introduced into the Marvel Cinematic Universe in the 2014 Marvel Studios film "Guardians of the Galaxy", portrayed by Michael Rooker, where he is a space pirate leading one of the factions of "The Ravagers". He also appears in the film's 2017 sequel, "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2". After the release of the first film, Marvel Comics introduced a comic book version of the character to the Earth-616 comic book continuity.

title: Ray (comics)

text: The first Ray was Langford "Happy" Terrill, a Quality Comics character. When DC Comics later purchased Quality Comics, Happy Terrill was retconned as a member of the Freedom Fighters on Earth-X. Following DC altering much of its continuity and history in the storyline "Crisis on Infinite Earths", Happy Terrill was now an inhabitant of the mainstream DC Comics universe and his son Ray Terrill became the second Ray. Later, the character Stan Silver briefly operated as the third hero called the Ray. In 2011's New 52 relaunch of DC Comics, where continuity and history was again restructured, a new character called Lucien Gates was introduced as the Ray. Although historically he is the fourth superhero character to use this name, in "The Ray" #1 (2012), set in a rebooted continuity, he refers to the origin of Happy Terrill as a story he had heard as a child.

title: Wallace West (DC Comics)

text: Wallace West is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe. Originally introduced as a new interpretation of Wally West, as part of DC's The New 52 relaunch, the comic "DC Rebirth" #1 later established that he is, in fact, a new character of the same name, being Wally's cousin, both named after their great-grandfather. To avoid confusion, the character was renamed in later comics as Wallace West.

title: Oa

text: Oa is a fictional planet that lies at the center of the DC Comics universe. Since its inception, Oa has been the planetary citadel of the Guardians of the Universe and the headquarters of the Green Lantern Corps. It first appeared in Green Lantern vol 2 #1, when the Guardians summoned Hal Jordan's "energy duplicate" so they could hear of his origin.

title: Ice (comics)

text: Ice is a separate character from Icemaiden, although the two are similar in appearance, group affiliation, and powers. When Icemaiden first appeared, she had blue skin and pointy ears, and was named Sigrid Nansen. When the character joined Justice League International, the comic book creators believed that her real name had never been given but were mistaken; it was revealed in the Global Guardians entry in "Who's Who in the DC Universe".

title: DC Universe Classics

text: The first DC Universe Classics exclusive figure was announced at the 2008 New York Comic Con: Lobo. He was sold at the Mattel booth at the 2008 San Diego Comic Con, though some very limited quantities were offered on Mattel's online store. His inclusion in the line had been in question for quite some time, as DC Comics did not feel as though he was a character they would want in a mass market toy line, due to his persona in the comics.

title: Guardian (DC Comics)

text: Guardian (James Jacob "Jim" Harper) is a DC Comics superhero, introduced in April 1942 by writer Joe Simon and artist Jack Kirby.

title: Masters of the Universe

text: In July 1982, He-Man and the Masters of the Universe would appear for the first time in the pages of DC Comics with "DC Comics Presents issue #47", in the story "From Eternia With Death", followed by a special insert comic in many DC's titles from November 1982, entitled "Fate is the Killer". In these first two DC MOTU stories, Superman ends up on Eternia, joining with He-Man to combat Skeletor and his minions. He-Man's original DC comic run finished up with a three issue mini-series at the start of 1983 (all written by Paul Kupperberg, with artwork by Curt Swan and George Tuska). These issues would introduce the Eternian Royal Family, most notably Prince Adam, and his transformation into He-Man into the series. This version of Adam, however, was originally depicted wearing a blue vest and portrayed as somewhat of a philanderer; rather than his later more wholesome pink-vest wearing character. Also unique to these issues, Adam transforms inside the 'Cavern of Power', instead of his more famous 'By the Power of Grayskull!' line. The Sorceress, now residing in the Cavern of Power, is still depicted wearing the Teela Snake Armour, and is often referred to as "The Goddess" throughout the series. Other entries into the Masters of the Universe mythos, such as Cringer as the alter-ego of Battle Cat, Zodac as a neutral cosmic enforcer, Stratos' as leader of his home world of Avion, and Adam's mother, Queen Marlena as an astronaut hailing from Earth, were all partly introduced in these early DC issues.

title: Global Guardians

text: These international heroes would later appear in other issues of "Super Friends". However, it wasn't until "DC Comics Presents" #46 (June 1982) that they were introduced as a team, in a story in which they helped Superman to stop an evil Atlantean sorcerer named Thaumar Dhai. This is also considered to be these characters' first canonical appearance in the DC Universe.

title: General Zod

text:
After DC's continuity altering crossover special "Crisis on Infinite Earths" (1985), DC editorial maintained for a number of years that no Kryptonians were to be depicted in comics aside from Superman, to reinforce his status as the last Kryptonian. This meant that characters like Supergirl and Power Girl were reimagined and Superman's Kryptonian canine Krypto became an ordinary house pet. However, writers of DC Comics still attempted to get around the no-Kryptonians rule by introducing "new" versions of Zod. Many of these were Zods of alternate universes. None persisted in DC continuity. After publishing its sequel to "Crisis on Infinite Earths", "Infinite Crisis" (2005), DC reintroduced the real General Zod in its 2006-2008 storyline "Superman: Last Son". For this, it brought on board writer Richard Donner, director of "Superman", the film which introduced Zod to the moviegoing public.
The first Zod to be introduced following "Crisis on Infinite Earths" was the Zod of a so-called "pocket universe" resembling the universe in which the comics took place; this allowed for a "Kryptonian" Zod to be introduced while maintaining Superman's status as the last of his race in the universe proper. This Zod came from a Krypton in a pocket universe, the universe itself having been created by the Time Trapper. Zod (along with companions Quex-Ul and Zaora) devastated the Earth of that universe following the death of its Superboy, despite the best efforts of a Supergirl created by that world's heroic Lex Luthor. Eventually, the survivors of this world managed to contact the Superman of the main universe to help them, and he was able to take away the powers of the three super-criminals with only Gold Kryptonite (since he was not from that universe, the Kryptonite of that reality would have no effect on him).

title: List of DC Comics imprints

text:
Piranha was announced in November 1987 with Mark Nevelow as its editor. In June 1989, the imprint's first titles hit the stands, "BSUC" and "ETC". 24 different titles saw print under the Piranha imprint. BSUC lasted 30 issues, while most were one-shots or did not last for more than five issues. In December 1992, "Prince: Alter Ego", based on the rock star Prince, hit the stands.
Tangent Comics was a DC Comics imprint that introduced the Tangent Universe, a new universe of superheroes, created by Dan Jurgens in 1997 based on alternative concepts for the regular DC superheroes.

title: Little Mermaid (comics)

text: Little Mermaid's first appearance in the canonical DC Universe, with the other members of the Global Guardians was in "DC Comics Presents" #46 (June 1982). She later took part in helping the Atlantean heroes in the "Crisis on Infinite Earths" cross-over.

title: Guardians of the Universe

text: The Guardians of the Universe make a brief appearance in the Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe video game with Ganthet voiced by Michael McConnohie and two unnamed Guardians voiced by Christopher Corey Smith and Joe J. Thomas. In the story mode on the DC Universe part, they inform Green Lantern, Lex Luthor, and Catwoman about the merging of the universes when the hero and villains arrive on Oa. The Guardians of the Universe are featured in Green Lantern: Rise of the Manhunters. Like the comics, the Guardians of the Universe are responsible for creating the Manhunters some time before the creation of the Green Lantern Corps. The Guardians of the Universe make two cameo appearances in Injustice: Gods Among Us. During Green Lantern's Super Move, he transports himself and his enemy to OA and proceeds to attack his opponent with constructs in front of the central power battery, and The Guardians. In one of the final scenes of game, Green Lantern hands over his counterpart and Sinestro to the Guardians of the Universe to stand trial. The Guardians of the Universe appear as NPCs in Lego DC Super-Villains, with Ganthet voiced by Brian George.

title: Power Ring (DC Comics)

text: In "Wrath of The First Lantern", the First Lantern's origins are revealed as of being a mysterious explorer named Volthoom from a parallel world called Earth 15, brought to Oa by Krona's first attempt to uncover the origins of the universe. Taken before the Guardians of the Universe, Volthoom was shown to be able to harness the power of the Emotional Electromagnetic Spectrum to warp reality. As they scrambled to learn everything they could about the Emotional Spectrum they also try to copy his gifts using technology until they were finally able to create the original Lantern and Ring. However, over time Volthoom grew proud and when the Guardians considered sharing the power of the lights with the rest of the universe, Volthoom disagreed. He left the Guardians and began wreaking havoc across the universe, killing millions. The Manhunters are then created to stop the rampage, but he could not be destroyed. Instead, the Guardians imprisoned the First Lantern as well as their own emotions and wrote him out of their history. A number of Oans (who kept their emotions) remained behind to ensure that the First Lantern was kept imprisoned and became known as The Hidden Ones.

title: List of The New 52 imprint publications

text: In September 2011, DC Comics relaunched their entire line of publications, dubbing the new publishing initiative as The New 52. The relaunch saw DC introduce same-day release of physical comics with digital platforms, as well as characters from the former WildStorm and Vertigo imprints being absorbed into a rebooted DC Universe. The intent was to publish 52 ongoing titles each month across the DC Universe. However, DC has also counted one-shots, miniseries and maxiseries in that number. In subsequent Septembers following the launch, DC has featured unique publishing initiatives to commemorate the relaunch. DC released a total of 93 ongoing titles across multiple "wave" releases, until June 2015, when it discontinued the "New 52" branding. To expand The New 52 universe, DC also released 22 one-shots, 17 miniseries and three maxiseries.

title: Power Ring (DC Comics)

text: During the "Rise of the Third Army" storyline, the First Lantern is introduced as a mysterious entity trapped by the Guardians of the Universe in the place known as the Chamber of Shadows millennia ago. However, in the present, the Guardians, seeking to destroy all the universal emotions, reopen the Chamber to combine his powers with their own flesh, thus creating the Third Army. However, the combined efforts of all the other corps against the Guardians end up weakening the First Lantern's prison, thus setting him free.

title: Bleed (comics)

text: After DC Comics acquired Wildstorm in 1998, the Bleed was explained as the space between the fictional DC Universe and Wildstorm Universe, across which characters could travel, which first occurred when the Wildstorm character Mr. Majestic was transported to the DC Universe in his self-titled 1999 miniseries, with which the integration of the Wildstorm Universe as one of many among the DC Multiverse was established.

title: Events from the Modern Age of Comic Books

text: One of the key aspects of the Modern Age of Comic Books was that it was the beginning of big events. In 1984, Marvel Comics debuted the first large crossover, "Secret Wars," a storyline featuring the company's most prolific superheroes, which overlapped into a 12-issue limited series and many monthly comic books. A year later, DC Comics introduced its first large scale crossover, "Crisis on Infinite Earths," which had long-term effects on the "DC Universe" continuity.

title: Brandon Jerwa

text: Jerwa's first work for DC Comics was in September 2009 as the writer of the Inferno co-feature in "The Shield," a monthly series that introduced re-imagined versions of the Red Circle Comics superhero characters into the DC Universe.


query: What is the largest parrot in New Zealand?

title: Kakapo

text: The kakapo is a large, rotund parrot; the adult can measure from 58 to 64cm (23 to 25in) in length, and weight can vary from 0.95 to 4kg (2 to 9lb) at maturity.[13][14] Males are larger than females. Twenty-eight males were found to average 2kg (4.4lb) in one study, and 39 males were found to average 2.06kg (4.5lb) in another. In the same studies, 28 females were found to average 1.5kg (3.3lb) and 18 females were found to average 1.28kg (2.8lb), respectively.[15][16] Kakapo are the heaviest living species of parrot and on average weigh about 400g (14oz) more than the largest flying parrot, the hyacinth macaw.[15]

title: New Zealand parrot

text: The superfamily diverged from the other parrots around 82 million years ago when New Zealand broke off from Gondwana, while the ancestors of the genera "Nestor" and "Strigops" diverged from each other between 60 and 80 million years ago.

title: Corvidae

text: The other major group of highly intelligent birds of the order Psittaciformes (which includes 'true' parrots, cockatoos and New Zealand parrots) is not closely related to corvids.

title: Clianthus puniceus

text: Clianthus puniceus, common name kaka beak ("Kōwhai Ngutu-kākā" in Māori), is a species of flowering plant in the genus "Clianthus" of the legume family Fabaceae, native to New Zealand's North Island. It is an evergreen shrub, one of two species of "Clianthus", both of which have striking clusters of red flowers resembling the beak of the kākā, a New Zealand parrot. The plant is also known as parrot's beak, parrot's bill and lobster claw. There is also a variety with white to creamy coloured flowers.

title: Kakapo

text: The kakapo (Māori: kākāpō) or night parrot, also called owl parrot (Strigops habroptilus), is a species of large, flightless, nocturnal, ground-dwelling parrot of the super-family Strigopoidea, endemic to New Zealand.[3]

title: New Zealand kaka

text: The New Zealand kaka (Maori: kākā) ("Nestor meridionalis") is a large species of parrot of the family Nestoridae found in native forests of New Zealand. Two subspecies are recognised. It is endangered and has disappeared from much of its former range.

title: Alstroemeria pulchella

text: Alstroemeria pulchella is a South American species of flowering plant in the family Alstroemeriaceae. It is native to Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay but widely cultivated as an ornamental and escaped into the wild in Australia (New South Wales and Norfolk Island), New Zealand, Madeira, the Canary Islands, and the southeastern United States (eastern Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida). Common names include Peruvian lily, parrot flower, parrot lily, lily of the Incas, princess lily, and New Zealand Christmas bell.

title: Clianthus

text: Clianthus, commonly known as kakabeak ("kōwhai ngutukākā" in Māori), is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, comprising two species of shrubs native to New Zealand. They have striking clusters of red flowers which resemble the beak of the kaka, a New Zealand parrot. The plants are also known as parrot's beak, parrot's bill and lobster claw – all references to the distinctive flowers. There is also a variety with white to creamy coloured flowers.

title: Parrot

text: Some parrot species prey on animals, especially invertebrate larvae. Golden-winged parakeets prey on water snails, the New Zealand kea can, though uncommonly, hunts adult sheep, and the Antipodes parakeet, another New Zealand parrot, enters the burrows of nesting grey-backed storm petrels and kills the incubating adults. Some cockatoos and the New Zealand kaka excavate branches and wood to feed on grubs; the bulk of the yellow-tailed black cockatoo's diet is made up of insects.

title: Parrot

text:
The order Psittaciformes consists of roughly 393 species belonging to 92 genera.
Superfamily Strigopoidea: New Zealand parrots
Superfamily Cacatuoidea: cockatoos
Superfamily Psittacoidea: true parrots

title: Nelepsittacus

text: Nelepsittacus is a genus of extinct New Zealand parrots that is closely related to the genus "Nestor" (the living kaka and kea). It consists of four species, of which three have been named so far, and all are long extinct. The species are all known from the early Miocene Saint Bathans Fauna from the Lower Bannockburn Formation in Otago in New Zealand. Features in their skeletons, namely the coracoid, humerus, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus, that they share only with the "Nestor" parrots link them to that genus.

title: New Zealand parrot

text: The New Zealand parrot superfamily, Strigopoidea, consists of three genera of parrots – "Nestor", "Strigops", and the fossil "Nelepsittacus". The genus "Nestor" consists of the kea, kaka, Norfolk Island kaka and Chatham Island kaka, while the genus "Strigops" contains the iconic "kakapo". All extant species are endemic to New Zealand. The species of the genus "Nelepsittacus" were endemics of the main islands, while the two extinct species of the genus "Nestor" were found at the nearby oceanic islands such as Chatham Island of New Zealand, and Norfolk Island and adjacent Phillip Island.

title: Parrots of New Zealand

text: The other New Zealand parrot species are the Chatham kaka ("N." sp.) and Chatham parakeet ("Cyanoramphus forbesi"), from the Chatham Islands, and the Antipodes parakeet ("Cyanoramphus unicolor") and Reischek's parakeet ("Cyanoramphus hochstetteri"), endemic to Antipodes Island.

title: List of parrots

text:
Superfamily Psittacoidea: true parrots
Superfamily Cacatuoidea: cockatoos
Superfamily Strigopoidea: New Zealand parrots

title: Eastern ground parrot

text: The eastern ground parrot ("Pezoporus wallicus") of Australia is one of only five ground-dwelling parrots in the world, the others being its closest relatives, the western ground parrot ("Pezoporus flaviventris"), the extremely rare night parrot ("Pezoporus occidentalis"), the somewhat closely related Antipodes parakeet ("Cyanoramphus unicolor"), and the unrelated highly endangered kakapo ("Strigops habroptilus") from New Zealand.

title: Nestor (genus)

text: The genus Nestor is the type and only extant genus of the parrot family Nestoridae. Together with the kakapo, and the extinct parrots in the genus "Nelepsittacus", they form the parrot superfamily Strigopoidea. The genus "Nestor" contains two extant parrot species from New Zealand and two extinct species from Norfolk Island and Chatham Island, New Zealand, respectively. All species are large stocky birds with short squarish tails. A defining characteristic of the genus is the tongue, which is tipped with a hair-like fringe. The superficial resemblance of this tongue to that of lorikeets has led some taxonomists to consider the two groups closely related, but DNA evidence shows they are not.

title: Parrot

text:
Parrots are found on all tropical and subtropical continents and regions including Australia and Oceania, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Central America, South America, and Africa. Some Caribbean and Pacific islands are home to endemic species. By far the greatest number of parrot species come from Australasia and South America. The lories and lorikeets range from Sulawesi and the Philippines in the north to Australia and across the Pacific as far as French Polynesia, with the greatest diversity being found in and around New Guinea. The subfamily Arinae encompasses all the neotropical parrots, including the amazons, macaws, and conures, and ranges from northern Mexico and the Bahamas to Tierra del Fuego in the southern tip of South America. The pygmy parrots, tribe Micropsittini, form a small genus restricted to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The superfamily Strigopoidea contains three living species of aberrant parrots from New Zealand. The broad-tailed parrots, subfamily Platycercinae, are restricted to Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific islands as far eastwards as Fiji. The true parrot superfamily, Psittacoidea, includes a range of species from Australia and New Guinea to South Asia and Africa. The centre of cockatoo biodiversity is Australia and New Guinea, although some species reach the Solomon Islands (and one formerly occurred in New Caledonia), Wallacea and the Philippines.
Several parrots inhabit the cool, temperate regions of South America and New Zealand. Three species—the Thick-billed parrot, the Green parakeet, and the now-extinct Carolina parakeet—have lived as far north as the southern United States. Many parrots have been introduced to areas with temperate climates, and have established stable populations in parts of the United States (including New York City), the United Kingdom, Belgium and Spain, as well as in Greece. These birds can be quite successful in introduced areas, such as the non-native population of red-crowned amazons in the U.S. which may rival that of their native Mexico. The only parrot to inhabit alpine climates is the Kea, which is endemic to the Southern Alps mountain range on New Zealand's South Island.

title: New Zealand parrot

text: The fauna of New Zealand evolved for a long time in the absence of humans and other mammals. Only a few bat species and sea mammals were present prior to colonisation by humans, and the only predators were birds of prey that hunt by sight. These circumstances influenced the evolution of New Zealand's parrots, for example, the adaptations to flightlessness of the kakapo and the ground breeding of the kea. Polynesians arrived at Aotearoa between 800 and 1300 CE, and introduced the "kurī" (dog) to the islands. This was disastrous for the native fauna, because mammalian predators can locate prey by scent, and the native fauna had not evolved a defence against them.

title: Antipodes parakeet

text:
The Antipodes parakeet or Antipodes Island parakeet ("Cyanoramphus unicolor") is endemic to the Antipodes Islands of New Zealand, one of two parrot species found on the islands, and one of only five ground-dwelling parrots in the world. They are long-living birds that may live up to 10 years of age, but the introduction of mice that compete for food with them is a threat to their survival on the Antipodes Islands. Unusually for parrots, they sometimes prey upon other birds, a trait shared by another New Zealand parrot, the kea.
Edward Lear described the Antipodes parakeet in 1831.

title: New Zealand parrot

text: The parakeet species belonging to the genus "Cyanoramphus" (kakariki) belong to the true parrot family Psittacidae and are closely related to the endemic genus "Eunymphicus" from New Caledonia. They reached New Zealand between 450,000 and 625,000 years ago from mainland Australia by way of New Caledonia.

title: List of birds of Thailand

text: Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from to in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

title: Cockatoo

text: The cockatoos were first defined as a subfamily Cacatuinae within the parrot family Psittacidae by the English naturalist George Robert Gray in 1840, with "Cacatua" the first listed and type genus. This group has alternately been considered as either a full or subfamily by different authorities. The American ornithologist James Lee Peters in his 1937 "Check-list of Birds of the World", Sibley and Monroe in 1990 maintained it as a subfamily, while parrot expert Joseph Forshaw classified it as a family in 1973. Subsequent molecular studies indicate that the earliest offshoot from the original parrot ancestors were the New Zealand parrots of the superfamily Strigopoidea, and following this the cockatoos, now a well-defined group or clade, split off from the remaining parrots, which then radiated across the Southern Hemisphere and diversified into the many species of parrots, parakeets, macaws, lories, lorikeets, lovebirds and other true parrots of the superfamily Psittacoidea.

title: Beavers (Scouting)

text: In Scouts New Zealand, this section is called Keas. A kea is a New Zealand parrot.

title: Parrots of New Zealand

text: Apart from the occasional bird blown in from Australia, all the parrot species naturally occurring in New Zealand are found nowhere else (endemic). There are eight surviving parrot species endemic to New Zealand.

title: Nelson Coast temperate forest

text:
The forests are home to a number of endemic species including two flightless birds that no longer survive in the lowland areas of the island, these are the western weka and the largest kiwi, the great spotted kiwi. The varied habitats in the region support a mixture of other birds found here include the kea, the New Zealand kaka parrot" (Nestor meridionalis)", the New Zealand pigeon or kereru "(Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae)" and the New Zealand falcon or karearea "(Falco novaeseelandiae)". Farewell Spit in particular is an important site for wading birds and is on a migration route.
The area is also rich in invertebrates including almost half of the known species of amber snails "(Powelliphanta)".

title: Parrots of New Zealand

text: New Zealand is geographically isolated, and originally lacked any mammalian predators, hence parrots evolved to fill habitats from the ground dwelling kākāpō to the alpine dwelling kea as well as a variety of forest species. The arrival of Māori, then European settlers with their attendant animals, habitat destruction and even deliberate targeting, has resulted in their numbers plummeting. Today one species is on the brink of extinction and three other species range from vulnerable to critically endangered. Further parrot species were not introduced by acclimatisation societies, but occasion releases, both deliberate and accidental, have resulted in self-sustaining populations of some Australian species.

title: Hyacinth macaw

text: The hyacinth macaw ("Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus"), or hyacinthine macaw, is a parrot native to central and eastern South America. With a length (from the top of its head to the tip of its long pointed tail) of about 100 cm (3.3 ft) it is longer than any other species of parrot. It is the largest macaw and the largest flying parrot species, though the flightless kakapo of New Zealand can outweigh it at up to 3.5 kg. While generally easily recognized, it could be confused with the smaller Lear's macaw. Habitat loss and the trapping of wild birds for the pet trade have taken a heavy toll on their population in the wild, so the species is classified as Vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List, and it is protected by its listing on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

title: Parrot

text: Parrots, also known as psittacines , are birds of the roughly 393 species in 92 genera that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions. The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoidea ("true" parrots), the Cacatuoidea (cockatoos), and the Strigopoidea (New Zealand parrots). Parrots have a generally pantropical distribution with several species inhabiting temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere, as well. The greatest diversity of parrots is in South America and Australasia.

title: List of parrots

text: Parrots, also known as psittacines (), are the 402 species of birds that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions, of which 387 are extant. The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoidea ("true" parrots), the Cacatuoidea (cockatoos), and the Strigopoidea (New Zealand parrots). Parrots have a generally pantropical distribution with several species inhabiting temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere as well. The greatest diversity of parrots is in South America and Australasia.

title: Rodrigues parrot

text: The skeleton of the Rodrigues parrot had similarities with the "Tanygnathus" and "Psittacula" parrot genera. The pectoral and pelvic bones were similar in size to those of the New Zealand kaka ("Nestor meridionalis"), and it may have looked similar to the great-billed parrot ("Tanygnathus megalorynchos") in life, but with a larger head and tail. It differed from other Mascarene parrots in several skeletal features, including having nostrils that faced upwards instead of forwards. No features of the skull suggest it had a crest like the broad-billed parrot, and there is not enough fossil evidence to determine whether it had pronounced sexual dimorphism. There are intermediate specimens between the longest and shortest examples of the known skeletal elements, which indicates there were no distinct size groups.

title: Cockatoo

text: A cockatoo is a parrot that is any of the 21 species belonging to the bird family Cacatuidae, the only family in the superfamily Cacatuoidea. Along with the Psittacoidea (true parrots) and the Strigopoidea (large New Zealand parrots), they make up the order Psittaciformes (parrots). The family has a mainly Australasian distribution, ranging from the Philippines and the eastern Indonesian islands of Wallacea to New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Australia.


query: When was the first Assassin's Creed released?

title: Assassin's Creed

text: The video game series took inspiration from the novel Alamut by the Slovenian writer Vladimir Bartol,[1] while building upon concepts from the Prince of Persia series.[2] It begins with the self-titled game in 2007, and has featured eleven main games. The most recent released game is 2018's Assassin's Creed Odyssey.

title: Assassin's Creed

text: Assassin's Creed Chronicles is an episodic 2.5D action game for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita and Xbox One. The first episode is available with the purchase of Assassin's Creed Unity's DLC season pass and features Shao Jun in 16th century China.[39] The second entry, India, was released on January 12, 2016 on the same platforms, and the last entry, Russia, was released on February 9, 2016.[40]

title: Assassin's Creed Unity

text: Assassin's Creed Unity is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It was released in November 2014 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. It is the eighth major installment in the "Assassin's Creed" series, and the successor to 2013's "". It also has ties to "Assassin's Creed Rogue" which was released for the previous generation consoles, the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on the same date.

title: Assassin's Creed: Revelations

text: In November 2010, Ubisoft's CEO Yves Guillemot teased "something "Assassin's" related" in 2011, despite an earlier statement by Ubisoft Montreal's Jean-Francois Boivin that no "Assassin's Creed" game will be released in 2011. Geoffroy Sardin of Ubisoft later confirmed that there will be a "big" Assassin's Creed game in 2011. Guillemot also explained that ultimate goal for Ubisoft is to release new games in the franchise annually along with Ubisoft's most popular other franchises. In February 2011, Ubisoft CEO Yves Guillemot confirmed that the next "Assassin's Creed" game would be released during its next fiscal year, which starts on April 1, 2011, and ends on March 31, 2012.

title: Assassin's Creed Chronicles

text: Assassin's Creed Chronicles is a series of video games in the "Assassin's Creed" franchise. The series consists of three games developed by Climax Studios and published by Ubisoft. The games feature new protagonists and a design that is new to the franchise, a 2.5D world inspired by traditional brush paintings. The first entry, "China", was released on April 21, 2015, on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The second entry, "India", was released on January 12, 2016 on the same platforms. The last game, "Russia", was released on February 9, 2016.

title: Assassin's Creed: Lineage

text: Assassin's Creed: Lineage is a series of three short films based on the "Assassin's Creed II" video game, which describes the history of Ezio Auditore and his family. The films are made by Ubisoft, with the collaboration of Hybride Technology, and the first episode was released on 26 October 2009 on YouTube. The films have a promotional goal for the game as well as an attempt for Ubisoft to make its first step in the film industry.

title: Assassin's Creed

text: Assassin's Creed: The Ezio Collection, developed by Virtuos and Ubisoft Montreal, features remastered versions of Assassin's Creed II, Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood and Assassin's Creed: Revelations single-player modes, using the Anvil engine, for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One (the multiplayer being excluded from the package). The games feature improved graphics, lighting, effects and textures, and also include all previously released downloadable content for the single-player. In addition, the bundle features the short films Assassin's Creed: Embers and Assassin's Creed: Lineage. The collection was released on November 15, 2016 to mixed reviews,[43][44] being generally criticized for its minimal graphical enhancements, the dated gameplay, and the capped 30 frames per second.[45][46]

title: Assassin's Creed Rogue

text: Assassin's Creed Rogue is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Sofia and published by Ubisoft. It is the seventh major installment in the "Assassin's Creed" series, and acts as a sequel to 2013's "" and a prequel to 2012's "Assassin's Creed III" with its final mission being the prologue to 2014's "Assassin's Creed Unity". It is the last of the "Assassin's Creed" game to be released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, Ubisoft announcing that the company will no longer release games for them, except for its casual rhythm series "Just Dance". The game was first released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November and December 2014 in North America, Australasia, Europe and Japan, and released for Microsoft Windows on March 10, 2015. A remastered version was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on March 20, 2018.

title: Assassin's Creed III: Liberation

text: "Assassin's Creed III: Liberation" was released on October 30, 2012, the same day as "Assassin's Creed III". The game is available in a PS Vita bundle pack with a new crystal white Wi-Fi Vita and a 4GB memory card. In Japan it was released under the title "Assassin's Creed III: Lady Liberty".

title: Assassin's Creed Syndicate

text: Assassin's Creed Syndicate is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Quebec and published by Ubisoft. It was released on October 23, 2015, for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and on November 19, 2015, for Microsoft Windows. It is the ninth major installment in the "Assassin's Creed" series, and the successor to 2014's "Assassin's Creed Unity".

title: Assassin's Creed II

text:
On November 12, 2009, Ubisoft released "Assassin's Creed II" themed virtual items on PlayStation Home to promote the release of the game, as well as the game "" for PSP. "Assassin's Creed II" virtual items and an Ezio costume were also released on the Xbox Live Marketplace for the Xbox 360's avatars. On November 19, 2009, more "Assassin's Creed II" virtual items were released in PlayStation Home, along with a costume for Ezio, which was released on November 26, 2009, in which the player could obtain and roam PlayStation Home in it. On December 3, 2009, more 15th century Italian renaissance themed items were released in Home.
Ezio's "Purple Assassin" costume is available to download on "LittleBigPlanet", as of December 8, 2009, on the PlayStation Network.

title: Assassin's Creed III

text: Work on "Assassin's Creed III" began in January 2010 (almost immediately after the release of "Assassin's Creed II") by a senior team of Ubisoft developers. The title was in development for two and a half years and had the longest development cycle since the first "Assassin's Creed". When Ubisoft first revealed "" in 2010, as new details came to light, there was some confusion within the gaming community as to whether this would be "Assassin's Creed III". According to the developers, "Brotherhood" was not "Assassin's Creed III", and the third installment would not star a "pre-existing character." Ubisoft Montreal's developers stated in their interviews that "Assassin's Creed III" would be released eventually.

title: Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag

text: In early February 2013, during its quarterly financial call to investors, Ubisoft CEO Yves Guillemot confirmed that the next "Assassin's Creed" game, due for release some time before April 2014, would feature a new hero, time period, and development team. On February 28, 2013, Ubisoft posted their first promotional picture and cover for their next "Assassin's Creed" game, following leaked marketing material days before. It announced the title of the game as "Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag" and featured an unnamed character holding a flintlock and a sword with a black flag in the back ground containing the Assassin's symbol with a skull. A reported glitch on the official "Assassin's Creed IV" website suggested the game will release on next-gen consoles and October 29 as the release date, which was confirmed by the first trailer for the game, released on March 4, 2013 (originally leaked on March 2, 2013, but was quickly pulled by Ubisoft).

title: Assassin's Creed III

text: Ubisoft's senior vice president of sales and marketing, Tony Key, said the game would enjoy the biggest marketing commitment in company history. Ubisoft UK MD Rob Cooper has said that "Assassin's Creed III" is a good entry point for newcomers to the series, and that he thinks "Assassin's Creed III" will hold its own against this year's biggest releases. In March 2012, the "Assassin's Creed: Double Pack" was released both as a retail purchase for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and for download on PSN, which brings together the first "Assassin's Creed" and "Assassin's Creed II" in a virtual compilation box.

title: Assassin's Creed (video game)

text: The game received generally positive reviews, with critics praising its storytelling, visuals, art design, and originality, although the game was also criticized for the repetitive nature of its gameplay. "Assassin's Creed" won several awards at E3 in 2006, as well as several end-year awards after its release. The game spawned a sequel, "Assassin's Creed II", which was released in November 2009. Since the release and success of "Assassin's Creed II", subsequent games have been released, with various other Assassins and time periods.

title: Assassin's Creed

text: Assassin's Creed: The Americas Collection, developed by Ubisoft Montreal, features Assassin's Creed III, Assassin's Creed: Liberation HD and Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag, for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The collection was released on October 28, 2014.

title: Assassin's Creed Syndicate

text: "Assassin's Creed Syndicate" debuted at number one in the UK according to Chart-Track. However, in its first week it was the second worst selling game of the franchise in the UK, only outselling "Assassin's Creed Rogue". According to reports from Ubisoft these lower sales in the first week were due to the release of "Assassin's Creed Unity" (2014) having a negative impact on the sales due to its notorious number of bugs and glitches at launch. "Syndicate"s second week sales beat those of "Unity"s. The game was the ninth best-selling retail game in the UK.

title: Assassin's Creed: Bloodlines

text: Assassin's Creed: Bloodlines is an action-adventure video game for PlayStation Portable, part of the "Assassin's Creed" franchise, taking place in between the events of "Assassin's Creed" and "Assassin's Creed II". The game was developed by Ubisoft Montreal in conjunction with Griptonite Games and published by Ubisoft, it was released on November 17, 2009 in North America and November 20, 2009 in Europe, concurrently with "Assassin's Creed II" and "".

title: Assassin's Creed: Lineage

text: "Assassin's Creed: Lineage" was first released on DVD in March 2010 as a bonus content in a special "Lineage Edition" of "Assassin's Creed II" (also known as "Special Film Edition"). The DVD was included in the special editions of ": Auditore Edition" (exclusive to Australia, Europe and New Zealand) and "Limited Codex Edition". A North American DVD release has been announced and will be in stores 15 November.

title: Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag

text: Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag is an action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It is the sixth major installment in the "Assassin's Creed" series. Its historical timeframe precedes that of "Assassin's Creed III" (2012), though its modern-day sequences succeed "III"s own. "Black Flag" was first released for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Wii U in October 2013 and a month later for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows.

title: Assassin's Creed III: Liberation

text: Assassin's Creed III: Liberation is a 2012 action-adventure video game developed and published by Ubisoft, initially as an exclusive title for PlayStation Vita. Sony announced the game at its press conference during the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2012, few days after first leaks about the game presented in "Game Informer". It was released on October 30, 2012 alongside "Assassin's Creed III", with which it can be linked. The game was re-released as Assassin's Creed: Liberation HD for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows via the PlayStation Network, Xbox Live Arcade and Steam, respectively. It was later packed as part of "Assassin's Creed The Americas Collection" for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, along with "Assassin's Creed III" and "". In March 2019, the game will be re-released as a part of "Assassin's Creed III Remastered" for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows, featuring 4K HDR, enhanced visuals, an entirely new graphics engine using physics-based lighting, brand new character models, heavily revamped game mechanics and more.

title: Assassin's Creed

text: In November 2012, to coincide with the release of Assassin's Creed III, UbiWorkshop released a second edition of the encyclopedia. This Edition contained an additional 120 pages of content, covering both Assassin's Creed III and Assassin's Creed: The Chain, as well as revised content based on feedback.[107]

title: Assassin's Creed Unity

text: "Assassin's Creed Unity" was followed by "Assassin's Creed Syndicate", which takes place in Victorian England, and was released in October 2015.

title: Assassin's Creed II

text: Assassin's Creed II is a 2009 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It is the second major installment in the "Assassin's Creed" series, a sequel to 2007's "Assassin's Creed", and the first chapter in the "Ezio trilogy". The game was first released on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2009, and was later made available on Microsoft Windows in March 2010 and OS X in October 2010. Several minor game related features could be redeemed on Uplay and three downloadable expansion packs were released on Xbox Live.

title: Assassin's Creed II: Discovery

text: Assassin's Creed II: Discovery is a video game for the Nintendo DS and iOS developed by Griptonite Games and written by Darby McDevitt. It's part of the "Assassin's Creed" series of video games. Ubisoft's producer Ben Mattes officially revealed the development of the game in Apple Inc.'s keynote speech on September 9, 2009, for a November 17 release. The iOS version was delayed, but Ubisoft did not comment with a reason for the delay. In contrast to "", the previous title in the "Assassin's Creed" series to be on these devices, "Discovery" is a 2.5D side-scroller. Both iPhone and DSi users are able to use their devices' camera function to display portraits as wanted posters in-game. "Discovery" was released concurrently with "Assassin's Creed II" and "". The game takes place within "Assassin's Creed II" between The Battle of Forli DLC in Sequence 12 and Bonfire of the Vanities DLC in Sequence 13.

title: Assassin's Creed

text: Assassin's Creed: Heritage Collection collects the first five games of the main series into one collection, featuring Assassin's Creed, Assassin's Creed II, Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood, Assassin's Creed: Revelations and Assassin's Creed III. Released on PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on November 8, 2013.[42]

title: Assassin's Creed Identity

text: Assassin's Creed Identity is an action-adventure video game developed by Blue Byte and published by Ubisoft. It is the second mobile-exclusive game in the "Assassin's Creed" series to be released after "Assassin's Creed Pirates", and the first on mobile to incorporate the third-person urban traversal-style gameplay as seen in the main console titles. It was initially soft-launched in 2014 as a free-to-play game for New Zealand and Australian App Stores. The game was released worldwide on iOS on 25 February 2016. The Android version released on 18 May 2016 along with a new DLC which is now available for both platforms.

title: Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood

text: Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood is a 2010 action-adventure video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It is the third major installment in the "Assassin's Creed" series, a direct sequel to 2009's "Assassin's Creed II", and the second chapter in the 'Ezio trilogy'. The game was first released on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November and December 2010, and was later made available on Microsoft Windows in March and June 2011.

title: Assassin's Creed

text: Assassin's Creed: Lineage is a 36-minute film serving as a prequel to Assassin's Creed II.[78][79] The film, released in three parts on YouTube, promoted the game and is the first attempt for Ubisoft to make its first step in the film industry.[80] It is about the story of Giovanni Auditore, Ezio's father, who investigates the mysterious assassination of Duke of Milan Galeazzo Maria Sforza and first learns about Rodrigo Borgia's conspiracy.[81]

title: Assassin's Creed: Revelations

text: The "PS3-Only edition" includes the standard game contents plus a complete version of the "Assassin's Creed" original game included in the game disc. This edition is only available to those who bought the game when it first released or pre-ordered it. The "Animus Edition" features an Animus box, an in-depth encyclopedia, an animated short film ("Assassin's Creed Embers Movie") and the original game's soundtrack. In-game content included is an exclusive mission ("Vlad the Impaler Prison"), an armor from "" ("Armor of Brutus") in single-player, weapons capacity upgrades, and two additional multiplayer characters ("The Crusader" and "Ottoman Jester").

title: Assassin's Creed

text: In February 2016, Ubisoft announced they would not be releasing a new game in 2016 in order to step "back and [re-examine] the Assassin's Creed franchise... [and take the] year to evolve the game mechanics and to make sure we're delivering on the promise of Assassin's Creed offering unique and memorable gameplay experiences".[24] On the decision, Guillemot said that "Ubisoft started to question the annualized franchise with the release of Assassin's Creed Unity, and the fact that Assassin's Creed Syndicate had "a slower launch than expected". Guillemot added that "by moving away from the annual iterations of the franchise, it will give the Assassin's Creed teams more time to take advantage of new engines and technology".[25] Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag's director Ashraf Ismail, commented on an interview that he and the team would be interested in doing an Assassin's Creed game in an Ancient Egyptian setting, along with reiterating an earlier statement that a female leading character was not an impossibility for the series.[26] In May 2017, Ubisoft confirmed the development of Assassin's Creed Origins. It was announced to be set in the Ptolemaic Egypt in June 2017. The game was released worldwide on October 27, 2017 for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Windows.[27]