query: What is the origin of dialectics?

title: Dialectic

text: Dialectic or dialectics (Greek: διαλεκτική, dialektikḗ; related to dialogue), also known as the dialectical method, is at base a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments. Dialectic resembles debate, but the concept excludes subjective elements such as emotional appeal and the modern pejorative sense of rhetoric.[1][2] Dialectic may be contrasted with the didactic method, wherein one side of the conversation teaches the other. Dialectic is alternatively known as minor logic, as opposed to major logic or critique.

title: Acadian French

text: Acadian French () is a dialect of Canadian French originally associated with the Acadians of what is now the Maritimes in Canada. The dialect is still spoken by the Francophone population of the Canadian province of New Brunswick, by small minorities on the Gaspé Peninsula and the Magdalen Islands of Quebec as well as in pockets of Francophones in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. In the United States, the dialect is spoken in the Saint John Valley of northern Aroostook County, Maine. Besides standard French, New England French is the predominant form of French spoken elsewhere in Maine.

title: Smith Island, Maryland

text: Smith Island is inhabited by one of the region's oldest English-speaking communities, which is known for its relic accent, preserving speech patterns from the original English colonial settlers. The local dialect is like the dialects of the West Country of England and the dialect of Cornwall. The dialect contains some relict features indicative of its origins. The dialect is like the Ocracoke Brogue, sometimes referred to as the "Outer Banks Brogue".

title: Bogra District

text:
The mother tongue of this district is Bengali. In this district of Bogra "the dialect spoken is what is known as Northern dialect of Bengali of the Eastern Branch," says Dr. Grierson, "may be taken to be the form of the language, which is spoken in the Dinajpur District, but the form of the dialect spoke in Bogra differs very little from that of Dinajpur". The northern dialect is spoken in the district of Rajshahi, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Bogra and Pabna. The whole of the tract has within historic times been subject to Koch tribes and members of this tribe still exist in each district. They were originally reported as speaking their original Koch language, but on an examination of the specimens of the language, Dr. Grierson found that they have given up their original speech, and now only speak more or less corrupt variety of Northern Bengali.
Some peculiarities (examples) are given below ("Bengali>Dialect, English").

title: Sixian dialect

text: In China, the Dabu and Fengshun Counties originally belonging to the Chaozhou "fu" have been combined with the former Jiaying Prefecture, establishing Meizhou. Historically, other than the Sixian and Changle dialects, the Dabu and Fengshun dialects were also brought to Taiwan from areas presently governed by Meizhou in China. The Fengshun dialect mainly originates in Fengshun and Jieyang Counties. However, in Taiwan, speakers of the Dabu and Fengshun dialects are still traditionally considered to be Chaozhou Hakkas. Other than the Dabu and Fengshun dialects, the Raoping dialect is also from Chaozhou, specifically the Raoping and Huilai Counties.

title: Relational dialectics

text: Research has recommended theories which further dialectical understanding in relationships, such as in the marriage, in the workplace, etc. Relational dialectics further includes the idea of Contextual Dialectics, or rather, the idea that every relationship exists within a specific place within a specific culture. From there we also see the raise of public and private/real and ideal dialectics and the interplay between what we see on television in public life, versus what experience within our private lives. Examples of this include politicians as well as TV shows. According to West and Turner, "the tension of the real and ideal dialectic is featured when we think of television shows like Leave It to Beaver: We receive an idealized message of what family life is like, and then when we look at the families we live in, we have to contend with the troublesome realities of family life. The tension between these two images forms this dialectic".

title: Igbomina

text:
The Ìgbómìnà (also colloquially Igboona or Ogboona) are a subgroup of the Yoruba ethnic group, which originates from the north central and southwest Nigeria.
They speak a dialect also called Ìgbómìnà or Igbonna, classified among the Central Yoruba of the three major Yoruba dialectical areas. The Ìgbómìnà spread across what is now northern Osun State and eastern Kwara State. Peripheral areas of the dialectical region have some similarities to the adjoining Ekiti, Ijesha and Oyo dialects.

title: History of the Cherokee language

text:
Many theories – though none proven – abound about the origin of the name "Cherokee". It may have originally been derived from the Choctaw word "Cha-la-kee", which means "those who live in the mountains", or Choctaw "Chi-luk-ik-bi," meaning "those who live in the cave country". The earliest Spanish rendering of Cherokee, from 1755, is "Tchalaquei".
Another theory is that "Cherokee" derives from a Lower Creek word, "Cvlakke" ("chuh-log-gee"),
meaning someone who speaks another language. In the Lower dialect of , which was traditionally spoken in what is now Georgia and South Carolina, the Cherokee called their language "jaragi," as the Eastern or lower dialect had a rolling "r" sound in place of the "l" sound used in the other dialects. This pronunciation may have served as a basis for the current English language name for the people.

title: Sixian dialect

text: In Taiwan, the Sixian dialect is the most spoken dialect spoken by the Hakkas, and following is the Hailu dialect (Sixian Hakka Romanization System: hoiˋ liug kiongˊ). The Hailu dialect originates in Huizhou "fu" (present-day Huizhou and Shanwei) in mainland China, so it is also sometimes called the Huizhou dialect. Since there are many Hakka dialects in Taiwan, when Taiwanese Hakkas interact with each other, there may be influences from other dialects, forming a dialect between the Sixian and Hailu dialects called the Si-Hai dialect (or Hai-Si dialect). The Sihai dialect is not a particular accent, but is just formed because of the interaction between different Hakka groups. Taiwanese Hakka can generally be classified under the Yue-Tai dialects, which are also called the Si-Hai dialects.

title: Konkomba language

text: The dialects of Konkomba emerged because different families and groups settled together and adopted unique pronunciation and vocabulary patterns, forming what could be called uniform dialect groupings. For example, "map geek" in (in the Lichabol dialect), "may LAK Iya" (in the Limonkpeln dialect), and "many men" (in the Likoon dialect) all mean "I don't like that". This type of variation can be heard in Likpakpaln, depending on the geographic area or what clan is dominant in a particular settlement. However, Lichabol dialect is the written variety. Other Bikpakpaam dialects classifications include Linankpel (Nankpantiib), Likpalil (Bikpalib), Linandeln (Binandim), Lisagmaln (Sagmantiib), and Linalol (Binalob).

title: Sixian dialect

text: The Sixian, Hailu, Changle, Dabu and Raoping dialects all come from Guangdong, China, so Taiwanese Hakkas trace back their origins to Guangdong. Even Hakkas from Tingzhou "fu", Fujian, consider themselves to be from Yuedong (Guangdong). Therefore, there is a parallel between "Yuedong Hakkas" and "Minnan Hoklos". Taiwanese Hakka dialects from Fujian include the Yongding, Zhao'an and Tingzhou dialects. The Yongding dialect originates in the Yongding, Shanghang and Wuping Counties of Tingzhou "fu". Its phonology is close to Yuedong dialects (e.g. Sixian and Dabu dialects). The Tingzhou dialect originates in the Changting, Ninghua, Qingliu, Guihua and Liancheng Counties of Tingzhou "fu". The Zhao'an dialect originates in the Zhao'an, Pinghe, Nanjing and Hua'an Counties of Zhangzhou "fu". The Zhao'an and Tingzhou dialects are quite different from the Yue-Tai (Si-Hai) dialects, making them unique in Taiwan.

title: Dialect levelling in Britain

text: Dialect levelling is a linguistic phenomenon studied and observed by dialectologists and sociolinguists. There are different researcher opinions on what constitutes a dialect in this context. Chambers and Trudgill (1984) choose to view a dialect as a subdivision of a particular language such as the Parisian dialect of French and the Lancashire dialect of English. They feel that standard English is just as much a dialect as any other form of English and that it is incorrect to suppose that one language is in any way linguistically superior to another.

title: Yugambeh-Bundjalung languages

text: Adding to the confusion is the use of multiple names by different groups, i.e. what one group calls another may not be what it calls itself, or the name of a dialect may change, e.g. Terry crowley was originally told "Wehlubal" for the Baryulgil dialect, while a later researcher was given "Wirribi."

title: Ancient Greek

text: The origins, early form and development of the Hellenic language family are not well understood because of a lack of contemporaneous evidence. Several theories exist about what Hellenic dialect groups may have existed between the divergence of early Greek-like speech from the common Proto-Indo-European language and the Classical period. They have the same general outline, but differ in some of the detail. The only attested dialect from this period is Mycenaean Greek, but its relationship to the historical dialects and the historical circumstances of the times imply that the overall groups already existed in some form.

title: Jewish languages

text: Some Jewish languages show the effects of the history of language shift among the speakers, including Hebrew-Aramaic influence. Yiddish exemplifies such a language. Some Jewish languages may become marked as distinctively Jewish because some shift affected some parts of the language as a whole. For example, what is today known as Baghdad Jewish Arabic (because it is the Arabic variety that was up until recently spoken by Baghdad's Jews) was originally the Arabic dialect of Baghdad itself and was used by all religious groups in Baghdad, but the Muslim residents of Baghdad later adopted Bedouin dialects of Arabic. Similarly, a dialect may be perceived as Jewish because its Jewish speakers brought the dialect of another region with them when they were displaced. In some cases this may cause a dialect to be perceived as "Jewish" in some regions but not in others.

title: William Desmond (philosopher)

text: The ethos can be defined as the ontological matrix of value at any given time. For Desmond the human self always lives in what he calls the ethos. The ethos is where we bring morality and concrete good through our power of affirming. Simultaneously, we receive the hospitality of the ethos through what Desmond calls the "agapeic origin of the good". The origin is the "original givenness that frees beings into their freedom" and must be understood as an agapeic gift which is overdetermined and thus cannot be aptly described or determined univocally or dialectically. As a consequence of this overdetermined origin as gift, we both generate and are generated by the

title: Dialectic

text: Another important principle for Hegel is the negation of the negation, which he also terms Aufhebung (sublation): Something is only what it is in its relation to another, but by the negation of the negation this something incorporates the other into itself. The dialectical movement involves two moments that negate each other, something and its other. As a result of the negation of the negation, "something becomes its other; this other is itself something; therefore it likewise becomes an other, and so on ad infinitum".[37] Something in its passage into other only joins with itself, it is self-related.[38] In becoming there are two moments:[39] coming-to-be and ceasing-to-be: by sublation, i.e., negation of the negation, being passes over into nothing, it ceases to be, but something new shows up, is coming to be. What is sublated (aufgehoben) on the one hand ceases to be and is put to an end, but on the other hand it is preserved and maintained.[40] In dialectics, a totality transforms itself; it is self-related, then self-forgetful, relieving the original tension.

title: Dorset dialect

text: Puns, humour which exploits the similar sounds of two different words, rarely work in the Dorset dialect. Many like sounding words in standard English are not pronounced the same in Dorset. For example, the classic pun, ""The people told the sexton and the sexton toll'd the bell"", would sound as, ""The people twold the sex'on and the sex'on tolled the bell"". Dialect words beginning with 's' are spoken with a 'z' if they are Germanic in origin, but words that entered the language later, are not. 'Sun' is 'zun' but 'son' keeps the 's' sound. 'Scene' is the same but 'seen' is 'zeen'. The letter 'f', if the first or last of a word is pronounced as a 'v' but again, only if the word is derived from the original Saxon. The verb 'fall' and 'fall' meaning autumn, are 'vall' and 'fall' respectively, and one would immediately know what is meant by, "This chicken is foul" because fowl is pronounced 'vowl'.

title: Javanese language

text: The vocabulary of standard Javanese is enriched by dialectal words. For example, to get the meaning of "you", Western Javanese speakers say "rika" , Eastern Javanese use "kon" or "koen" , and Central Javanese speakers say "kowé" . Another example is the expression of "how": the Tegal dialect of Western Javanese uses "kepribèn" , the Banyumasan dialect of Western Javanese employs "kepriwé" or "kepriwèn" , Eastern Javanese speakers say "ya' apa"  – originally meaning "like what" ("kaya apa" in standard Javanese) or "kepiyé"  – and Central Javanese speakers say "piye" or "kepriyé" .

title: Swiss German

text: Low Alemannic Basel German in Basel-Stadt (BS), closely related to Alsatian High Alemannic western Bernese German, in the Swiss Plateau parts of Bern (BE) dialects of Basel-Landschaft (BL) dialects of Solothurn (SO) dialects of the western part of Aargau (AG) in a middle position between eastern and western are dialects in the eastern part of Aargau (AG) dialects of Lucerne (LU) dialects of Zug (ZG) Zürich German, in Zürich (ZH) eastern dialects of St. Gallen (SG) dialects of Appenzell (AR & AI) dialects of Thurgau (TG) dialects of Schaffhausen (SH) dialects in parts of Graubünden (GR) Highest Alemannic dialects in parts of Canton of Fribourg (FR) dialects of the Bernese Oberland (BE) dialects of Unterwalden (OW & NW) and Uri (UR) dialects of Schwyz (SZ) dialects of Glarus (GL) Walliser German in parts of the Valais (VS) Walser German: Via the medieval migration of the Walser, Highest Alemannic spread to pockets of what are now parts of northern Italy (P), the north west of Ticino (TI), parts of Graubünden (GR), Liechtenstein and Vorarlberg.

title: Batalaunda

text: Batalaote is an ethnic group in Botswana, part of a larger group called Bakalanga-Banyai. They speak dialects such as:Dhalaunda was the leader of one of these Kalanga sub-tribes and the clan was named after him, originally Badhalaunda, but then Bangwato changed it to Batalaote, as they changed Bakalanga to Bakalaka, maybe because of difficulty pronouncing the Kalanga words. They are found in the central district of Botswana and south-western parts of Zimbabwe. Over the years the Talaunda dialect was levelled to other Ikalanga dialects, just as the north-eastern Tjikalanga dialect is shifting to Tjililma. Some of them live in Serowe; former President of Botswana, Festus Mogae, is a member. These have completely lost their Ikalanga identity, and now just identify themselves as Talaote or Ngwato, with little knowledge of what Talaote really means.

title: Inca Empire

text: The main form of communication and record-keeping in the empire were quipus, ceramics, textiles and various dialects of Quechua, the language the Incas imposed upon the peoples within the empire. While Quechua had been spoken in the Andean region, including central Peru, for several centuries prior to the expansion of the Inca civilization, the dialect of Quechua the Incas imposed was an adaptation from the Kingdom of Cusco (an early form of "Southern Quechua" originally named Qhapaq Runasimi, or 'the great language of the people'), or what some historians define as the Cusco dialect.

title: Schwarzenau Brethren

text: Many members of the Schwarzenau Brethren came from the Southwest of Germany, the same region where the Pennsylvania German dialect originated. Because they settled in Pennsylvania among other Germans, who mainly came from the Palatinate and adjacent regions, they took part in the dialect leveling, that was the cradle of Pennsylvania German. Their language therefore was or soon became what today is called "Pennsylvania Dutch" or better "Pennsylvania German".

title: Itsekiri language

text: Itsekiri is most closely related to Yoruba and Igala and incorporates elements of both languages. It has also been very heavily influenced by Edo (Bini), Portuguese and English and has taken in loan words from neighbouring Ijo and Urhobo languages. However its basic structure, grammar and vocabulary is essentially Yoruboid with its closest relatives being the south-eastern family of Yoruba dialects - Ijebu, Ilaje-Ikale, Ondo, Akure and Owo. Whilst closely resembling those dialects however the Itsekiri language also features elements of Northern Yoruba notably The Ife and Oyo dialects. It is generally believed that the Itsekiri Language has developed out of an amalgam of languages spoken by various groups present in the western Niger-delta at the time of the formation of the Itsekiri nation in the 15th century. Because it has developed in the relative isolation of the Niger-Delta away from the main body of Yoruba dialects and from Igala - Itsekiri like most languages (that develop away from the main family body e.g. Icelandic) has preserved many of the original/archaic features of the original proto-Yoruba-Igala language and in particular the old Ijebu dialect of Yoruba. It is also possible that Itsekiri represents a surviving remnant of what could once have been the original Yoruba-Igala language before the split into separate languages.

title: Hakata dialect

text: The basic grammar of Hakata dialect is similar to other Hichiku dialect such as Saga dialect, Nagasaki dialect and Kumamoto dialect. For example, Hakata dialect uses "to" or "tto" as a question, e.g., "What are you doing?", realized in standard Japanese as "nani o shiteiru no?", is "nan ba shiyo tto?" or "nan shitō to?" in Hakata and other Hichiku dialects.

title: Mexican Spanish

text: The First Mexican Empire comprised what is present-day El Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras, aside from the mentioned present states of United States; thus dialects of Costa Rican, Guatemalan, Honduran, New Mexican, Nicaraguan, and Salvadoran Spanish were originally included in the dialects of Mexican Spanish.

title: Pashto

text: The retroflex fricatives and palatal fricatives represent dialectally different pronunciations of the same sound, not separate phonemes. In particular, the retroflex fricatives, which represent the original pronunciation of these sounds, are preserved in the southern/southwestern dialects (especially the prestige dialect of Kandahar), while they are pronounced as palatal fricatives in the west-central dialects. Other dialects merge the original retroflexes with other existing sounds: The southeastern dialects merge them with the postalveolar fricatives , while the northern/northeastern dialects merge them with the velar phonemes in an asymmetric pattern, pronouncing them as (not ). Furthermore, according to Henderson (1983), the west-central voiced palatal fricative actually occurs only in the Wardak Province, and is merged into elsewhere in the region.

title: Giovanni Gentile

text: To Gentile, Marx's externalizing of the dialectic was essentially a fetishistic mysticism. Though when viewed externally thus, it followed that Marx could then make claims to the effect of what state or condition the dialectic objectively existed in history, "a posteriori" of where any individuals opinion was while comporting oneself to the totalized whole of society. i.e. people themselves could by such a view be ideologically 'backwards' and left behind from the current state of the dialectic and not themselves be part of what is actively creating the dialectic as-it-is.

title: Spanish dialects and varieties

text: Mexican Spanish and some other Latin American dialects have adopted from the native languages the voiceless alveolar affricate and the cluster (originally an affricate ) represented by the respective digraphs and , as in the names Atzcapotzalco and Tlaxcala. In these dialects, even words of Greek and Latin origin with , such as and , are pronounced with the affricate: , (compare , in Spain and other dialects in Latin America). The sound also occurs in European Spanish in loanwords of Basque origin (but only learned loanwords, not those inherited from Roman times), as in "abertzale". In colloquial Castilian it may be replaced by or . In Bolivian, Paraguayan, and Coastal Peruvian Spanish, also occurs in loanwords of Japanese origin.

title: Wisdom of the crowd

text: Herzog and Hertwig (2009) attempted to improve on the “wisdom of many in one mind” (i.e., the “crowd within”) by asking participants to use dialectical bootstrapping. Dialectical bootstrapping involves the use of dialectic (reasoned discussion that takes place between two or more parties with opposing views, in an attempt to determine the best answer) and bootstrapping (advancing oneself without the assistance of external forces). They posited that people should be able to make greater improvements on their original estimates by basing the second estimate on antithetical information. Therefore, these second estimates, based on different assumptions and knowledge than that used to generate the first estimate would also have a different error (both systematic and random) than the first estimate – increasing the accuracy of the average judgment. From an analytical perspective dialectical bootstrapping should increase accuracy so long as the dialectical estimate is not too far off and the errors of the first and dialectical estimates are different. To test this, Herzog and Hertwig asked participants to make a series of date estimations regarding historical events (e.g., when electricity was discovered), without knowledge that they would be asked to provide a second estimate. Next, half of the participants were simply asked to make a second estimate. The other half were asked to use a consider-the-opposite strategy to make dialectical estimates (using their initial estimates as a reference point). Specifically, participants were asked to imagine that their initial estimate was off, consider what information may have been wrong, what this alternative information would suggest, if that would have made their estimate an overestimate or an underestimate, and finally, based on this perspective what their new estimate would be. Results of this study revealed that while dialectical bootstrapping did not outperform the wisdom of the crowd (averaging each participants’ first estimate with that of a random other participant), it did render better estimates than simply asking individuals to make two estimates.

title: Bari dialect

text: Within the Province of Bari many dialects exist which, while similar to Bari dialect, have various vocal differences. For example, the expression "Che c'è?" in standard Italian, meaning "What's the matter?" or "What's up?" is variously produced as:


query: When was Southern Illinois University Edwardsville founded?

text: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, (commonly abbreviated as SIUE), is a coeducational, public doctoral/professional university in Edwardsville, Illinois, United States about 20 miles (32km) northeast of St. Louis, Missouri.[3] SIUE was established in 1957 as an extension of Southern Illinois University Carbondale.[4] It is the younger of the two major institutions of Southern Illinois University system, and as of 2018, has the largest enrollment within the system.[5] The University offers graduate programs through its Graduate School.

title: SIUE School of Pharmacy

text: SIUE School of Pharmacy is an academic unit of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville located in Edwardsville, Illinois, United States. Opened in 2005, it is one of six pharmacy schools in Illinois and the only one located outside the Chicago metropolitan area.

text: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville is located on 2,660 acres (1,076.5ha) of trees and lakes, making SIUE one of the largest college campuses in the US by land area.[31] The campus is home to a wide variety of university programs and facilities—classroom and labs, arts and theatre spaces, research centers, student housing, and athletic and recreational venues.

title: Edwardsville, Illinois

text: A collection of poetry by Nigerian writer Kola Tubosun, "Edwardsville by Heart" (Wisdom's Bottom Press, November 2018), was based on the time the author spent in Edwardsville for three years as a Fulbright Scholar and student.. The book was described by Howard Rambsy II of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville as “an artistic map disguised as a volume of poetry”, and by Brittle Paper as "a magical meeting place of travelogue, memoir, and poetry."

title: Edwardsville High School

text:
Edwardsville High School was first located on North Kansas Street in downtown Edwardsville, and today that building is Columbus Elementary School, with several hundred square feet of space on the third floor which is used primarily as additional District 7 offices.
The second Edwardsville High School was completed in 1925. It was expanded over the years creating a labyrinth of halls to form what is today Lincoln Middle School, on 145 West Street.
The current Edwardsville High School complex was completed in 1996 by the Korte Company of Highland, Illinois, and is located by the intersection of Illinois Route 157 and Center Grove Road, near the entrance to Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, the largest university in the U.S. In terms of property space. While the current building was completed in 1996, it sat empty and unused until 1997 because the brick facing used on the building was lighter than what had been asked for in the design.

title: Southern Illinois University Carbondale

text: In 1957, a second campus of SIU was established at Edwardsville. This school, now known as Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, is an independent university within the SIU system.

title: Paula Buscher

text: Paula Jean Buscher (born April 4, 1963) is an American college basketball coach and the current women's head coach at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville in Edwardsville, Illinois. The SIU Edwardsville Cougars are members of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) and compete in the NCAA's Division I.

text: The SIU Edwardsville Cougars women's basketball team represents Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) in the Ohio Valley Conference of NCAA Division I basketball. The Cougars play their home matches at the Sam M. Vadalabene Center located in the SIUE core campus in Edwardsville, Illinois.

title: Edwardsville, Illinois

text: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, the Edwardsville Arts Center, the "Edwardsville Journal", the "Madison County Record", and the "Edwardsville Intelligencer" are here. Edwardsville High School and Metro-East Lutheran High School serve students in the area.

title: SIUE School of Business

text: The SIUE School of Business is an academic unit of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) located in Edwardsville, Illinois, United States.

title: Big Central Soccer Conference

text: The Big Central Soccer Conference was a Division I soccer conference in the NCAA. It was originally known as the Big Central Six Soccer Conference. The founding members were Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIU Edwardsville or SIUE), Quincy College (now Quincy University), Marquette University, Northern Illinois University, and the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (now athletically branded as "Milwaukee"), with the University of Cincinnati joining in 1988. Three of the founding members—Quincy, SIU Edwardsville, and Wisconsin–Milwaukee—were Division II schools that played Division I men's soccer (Milwaukee moved to Division I for all sports in 1990, and SIUE did the same in 2008). The conference existed from 1987 through 1990 with nine member schools in its short history. In 1991, the primary conferences of all but the two remaining Division II schools, SIU Edwardsville and Quincy, sponsored competition in men's soccer. Since only the two Division II schools had a need for the Big Central, the conference ceased to exist, and those two, Quincy and SIUE, joined the division II Great Lakes Valley Conference in all sports following a brief period as independents and two seasons in the Mid-Continent Conference.

title: Ed Hightower

text:
Hightower holds bachelor, master, and specialist degrees from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville and a doctorate in Education Administration from St. Louis University.
A lifelong educator, he was the superintendent of Edwardsville, Illinois School District #7 (which includes Edwardsville High School) until he retired after the end of the 2014–15 school year, and he was formerly vice chairman of the Southern Illinois University Board of Trustees. He serves on the Boards of Directors for Lewis and Clark Community College in Godfrey and St. Anthony's Hospital in Alton. Among his non-sports awards, he received the 1990 Elijah P. Lovejoy Human Rights Award, the Illinois Jaycees 10 Outstanding Young Persons Award, the 1989 Illinois Distinguished Principals Award, 1993 Illinois Principal of the Year Award, and he was selected as the 2007 Trails West Distinguished Citizen of the Year.

text: During its early days of rapid growth, the school became increasingly independent of its parent school in Carbondale. In 1971, the SIU Board of Trustees made official the campus's name of Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville.[29]

text: Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine is an academic unit of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) located in Alton, Illinois, United States, in the Greater St. Louis area. The school is one of three dental schools in the state of Illinois and is mandated with the mission "to improve the oral health of the people of Southern Illinois and the region through education, patient care, scholarship and service".

title: SIUE School of Engineering

text: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Engineering is an academic unit of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville located in Edwardsville, Illinois, United States. The school enrolls more than 1,450 undergraduates and over 250 graduate students.

text: The school mascot was Cory the Cougar until 2010, when the school decided to get a new mascot, "Eddie the Cougar"—the new name being a direct reference to Edwardsville.[132] The number 57 on Eddie's jersey is in honor of the university's founding in 1957.[133]

title: SIUE Graduate School

text: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Graduate School is a post-graduate academic unit of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) located in Edwardsville, Illinois, United States. It offers 48 master’s degree programs, 2 specialist degrees, 17 post-baccalaureate and post-masters certificates, doctoral programs in Education Administration and Nursing Practice, and three cooperative Doctor of Philosophy programs with SIU Carbondale.

title: SIU Edwardsville Cougars

text: The SIU Edwardsville Cougars are the intercollegiate athletic teams of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE), located in Edwardsville, Illinois, United States. The Cougars' athletic program is a member of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) and competes at the NCAA Division I level. The SIUE mascot is Eddie the Cougar #57, and the school colors are red and white. Cougar teams have won seventeen NCAA national championships in five sports.

title: Katie Stuart (politician)

text: Katie Stuart is a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 112th district. The 112th district is located in the Metro East and includes all or parts of Caseyville, Collinsville Edwardsville, Fairview Heights, Glen Carbon, Granite City, Marryville and O'Fallon. Stuart, an Edwardsville resident, taught math at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville prior to taking office in the Illinois House of Representatives.

text: The 2018–19 SIU Edwardsville Cougars men's basketball team represents Southern Illinois University Edwardsville during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cougars, led by fourth-year head coach Jon Harris, play their home games at the Vadalabene Center in Edwardsville, Illinois as members of the Ohio Valley Conference.

title: SIU Edwardsville Cougars wrestling

text: The SIU Edwardsville Cougars wrestling team represents Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) as an Associate Member of the Southern Conference of NCAA Division I wrestling (SIUE's primary conference, the Ohio Valley Conference, does not sponsor wrestling). The Cougars host their home matches at the Sam M. Vadalabene Center on the university's campus in Edwardsville, Illinois, United States. The Cougars current head coach is Jeremy Spates who took over the program in 2013.

title: SIUE School of Education, Health and Human Behavior

text: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville's School of Education, Health and Human Behavior is an academic unit of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville located in Edwardsville, Illinois, in the St. Louis metropolitan area of the United States of America.

text: In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, the Southern Illinois University Edwardsville campus was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places[53] by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois).

text: The SIU Edwardsville Cougars men's basketball team represents Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) in the Ohio Valley Conference of NCAA Division I basketball. The Cougars play their home matches at the Sam M. Vadalabene Center located in the SIUE core campus in Edwardsville, Illinois. The head coach is Jon Harris.

title: Southern Illinois University

text: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Nursing not only has academic programs on the Edwardsville campus, but it operates a cooperative program with SIUC in Carbondale, and it has a small campus in Springfield which offers graduate level courses nearby the SIU School of Medicine. The school also operates the Community Nursing Services office at SIUE's East St. Louis Center.

title: Illinois Route 143

text: Illinois 143 overlaps Illinois Route 157 and Illinois Route 159 in Edwardsville, and Illinois Route 160 and U.S. Route 40 in Highland. It has 4 lanes from IL 140 to just east of Illinois Route 255 around Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, and briefly around Interstate 55 east of Edwardsville. The rest of the road is generally rural and has 2 lanes.

title: SIUE College of Arts and Sciences

text: SIUE College of Arts and Sciences, often referred to as CAS, is an academic college of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville located in Edwardsville, Illinois, United States.

title: Efiwe.org

text: The organisation was co-founded in 2017 as a nonprofit organisation by Philip Alabi, then a graduate student of Chemistry at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville after a successful book drive in 2016 during which about 900 books were collected at and around Southern Illinois University Edwardsville and sent to Alabi's alma mater in Nigeria, the Tai Solarin University of Education.

title: SIU Edwardsville Cougars women's soccer

text: The SIU Edwardsville Cougars women's soccer team represent Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) in the Ohio Valley Conference of NCAA Division I soccer. The Cougars play their home matches on Bob Guelker Field at Ralph Korte Stadium located in the southwest corner of the SIUE campus in Edwardsville, Illinois. Derek Burton has been head coach since 2008.

text: Southern Illinois University School of Medicine is a medical school located in Springfield, the capital of the U.S. state of Illinois. It is part of the Southern Illinois University system, which includes a campus in Edwardsville as well as the flagship in Carbondale. The medical school was founded in 1970 and achieved full accreditation in 1972. It was founded to relieve a chronic shortage of physicians in downstate Illinois.


query: Where were the Moors from?

title: Moors

text: The term "Moors" refers primarily to the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and Malta during the Middle Ages. The Moors initially were the indigenous Maghrebine Berbers.[1] The name was later also applied to Arabs.[2][3]

title: Moore Dry Dock Company

text: In 1905, Robert S. Moore, his brother Joseph A. Moore, and John Thomas Scott purchased the National Iron Works located in the Hunter's Point section of San Francisco, and founded a new company, the Moore & Scott Iron Works Moore had previously been vice president of the Risdon Iron Works. Scott was a nephew of Henry T. Scott and Irving M. Scott, owners of the nearby Union Iron Works, where John had risen from apprentice to superintendent. Their new business was soon destroyed by fire resulting from the San Francisco earthquake. They quickly recovered and were back in business before the end of 1906.

title: Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway

text:
From a junction with the Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway (absorbed into the Furness railway in 1866) at Mirehouse Junction, one mile south of Whitehaven (Corkickle) the line climbed steeply to Moor Row where the company had its engine shed and works. Just beyond Moor Row was a junction, from which one arm of the system headed north and east through Cleator Moor to Frizington. This arm originally terminated at the Parkside mines in Frizington, but as a result of subsequent extensions it eventually ran to a junction with the LNWR's Cockermouth-Workington line at Marron Junction. Stations on this arm were Cleator Moor - Frizington - Eskett (later Yeathouse) - Winder - Rowrah - Wright Green (later Lamplugh) - Ullock - Branthwaite - Bridgefoot - Marron Junction.
From Moor Row junction, the other arm ran south to Egremont, with an intermediate station at Woodend. The southern arm was later extended (by the Cleator and Furness Railway - jointly owned by the WC&ER and the Furness Railway) via Beckermet where there was an intermediate station to a junction with the Furness's Whitehaven-Barrow line at Sellafield
There was no north-south curve at the Moor Row junction. Various deviations from the original line were found necessary because of mining subsidence: most notably a new route through Cleator Moor (and a
new Cleator Moor station) had to be built, although the old alignment was retained as the Crossfield branch (and the old station used as a goods station).
The purpose of the WC&ER was to serve the mines that sprang up on the ore-field (and later the iron- and steel-works of the area), and therefore there was an extensive system of mineral railway branches running to mines and works (the Bigrigg, Beckermet, Eskett, Ehen Valley, Gillfoot, Mowbray, Pallaflat, and Ullcoats Branches). The Gilgarran Branch ran from a north-facing junction just north of Ullock to a colliery at Gilgarran, but was then extended via Distington, where it served an ironworks, to a south-facing junction with the main LNWR line along the coast at Parton.

title: Adam Moore

text:
On September 13, Moore was called up to the Seattle Mariners along with Tacoma teammates Matt Tuiasosopo and Garrett Olson. Moore was the only one of the three players called up that traveled from Sacramento, California, where Tacoma was eliminated from the Pacific Coast League playoffs against the Sacramento River Cats, to Arlington, Texas, where the Mariners were facing the Texas Rangers. Moore said this about the call-up:
Moore made his Major League debut on September 17, . He went 0-for-5 against the Chicago White Sox, a game that went into 14 innings. He played all 14 innings in that game and caught all 213 pitches that eight Mariners pitchers threw in the game.
Moore made the 25-man roster for the Mariners' 2010 campaign. He split time with other Seattle Mariner catchers Rob Johnson, Josh Bard and others.

title: Moore's Dublin Edition

text: Moore's Dublin Edition of "Encyclopædia Britannica" was an Irish printing of "Encyclopædia Britannica" Third Edition, printed by James Moore of College Green, Dublin. The title pages are dated the year they were printed, in volume order from 1788 to 1797, as opposed to those of "Britannica", which were all dated 1797. This leads to the curious situation where the pirated version of a work has an earlier date than the original.

title: Wilbert E. Moore

text:
Moore took his Ph.D. at Harvard University's Department of Sociology
in 1940. Moore along with Kingsley Davis, Robert Merton and John Riley were part of Talcott Parsons first group of PhD students. Moore is perhaps best known for "Some Principles of Stratification" (written with Davis). Moore and Davis wrote this paper while at Princeton University where he remained until mid-1960s. This was followed by a period at the Russell Sage Foundation before moving to the University of Denver where he stayed until his retirement.

title: Ben Wilson (basketball)

text: Billy Moore, in the ESPN documentary about Ben Wilson, described what happened next. He and Omar Dixon were outside the luncheonette when Wilson and Rush came up the street behind them. Rush was trying to break away from Wilson, who in his desperation to speak to her failed to pay attention to where he was going and bumped into Moore. Moore called to Wilson to watch where he was going, which only served to make the already upset basketball star even more angry as he turned back and approached Moore. The two exchanged words and expletives and Moore revealed the pistol he had been carrying, a .22 caliber revolver.

title: Indians in Sri Lanka

text: Before the 1911 Ceylon Census Moors in Sri Lanka were counted as one. From the census onwards they were divided into Indian Moors and Sri Lankan Moors. Indian Moors were brought to Sri Lanka for the same reasons as the Indian Tamils, as labourers to the plantations. In 1971 Indian Moors numbered 29,416 declining from 55,400 in 1963. Their decline was partly due to returning to India and some declaring themselves and being enumerated as Sri Lankan Moors. Indian Moors were mostly found in the Colombo and Kandy Districts.

title: Mona Moore

text: In August 1941, the War Artists' Advisory Committee commissioned Moore to record the Women's Land Army working on the harvest in Essex. Moore completed a number of paintings on the subject and was paid 15 guineas for three of them by WAAC. Kenneth Clark, the director of the National Gallery privately commissioned Moore to go, in secret, to Blaenau Ffestiniog to the disused slate mine where the paintings from the Gallery had been evacuated during the Blitz. Later in life, Moore would recall the "remarkable experience" of entering the slate mine and seeing "priceless Rembrandts, Van Dycks and Turners, etc stacked in racks". Moore spent three weeks at Blaenau Ffestiniog and Clark later gave the drawings she produced there as "thank-you" presents to the staff who had engineered the evacuation of the collection. Moore's paintings from East Anglia were included in the June 1942 exhibition of the Queen's pictures held at the National Gallery in London. Also, during the war, in 1944, Moore produced 16 colour lithographs and the cover illustration for the book "Sea Poems" by Myfanwy Piper which were well reviewed. Moore's painting "The Agony in the Garden" won the £200 first prize in a competition for religious images.

title: Henry Moore

text: At the outbreak of the Second World War the Chelsea School of Art was evacuated to Northampton and Moore resigned his teaching post. During the war, Moore produced powerful drawings of Londoners sleeping in the London Underground while sheltering from the Blitz. Kenneth Clark, the chairman of the War Artists' Advisory Committee (WAAC), had previously tried to recruit Moore as a full-time salaried war artist and now agreed to purchase some of the shelter drawings and issued contracts for further examples. The shelter drawings WAAC acquired were completed between the autumn of 1940 and the spring of 1941 and are regarded as among the finest products of the WAAC scheme. In August 1941 WAAC commissioned Moore to draw miners working underground at the Wheldale Colliery in Yorkshire, where his father had worked at the start of the century. Moore drew the people in the shelters as passively waiting the all-clear while miners aggressively worked the coal-faces. These drawings helped to boost Moore's international reputation, particularly in America where examples were included in the WAAC "Britain at War" exhibition which toured North America throughout the war.

title: Brian Moore 2008 presidential campaign

text: Moore ended in 11th place overall, receiving 6,555 votes nationwide out of over 125 million cast. He thus missed, by a large margin, the 5 percent needed to qualify the Socialist Party USA for federally distributed public funding in the next election. His best showings were in Tennessee, where he received 1,326 votes out of over 2 million votes cast, and in Ohio, where he managed to receive 2,731 votes. His weakest showings were in Kentucky and Minnesota, where he managed to gain 7 votes in each state. Moore was not able to enlarge the party's voter base, but instead the voter base shrunk by over 4 thousand votes nationwide from the previous election fronted by Walt Brown.

title: Glenn Moore (rugby union)

text: Moore joined North Otago for the 2000 season and by the end of the year had already made a big impact. In 2002 he coached the union to the final of the NPC 3rd Division which the side won and were promoted to the 2nd division. Moore was responsible for the rapid development of the North Otago provincial team, taking them from the third division into the second where they were semifinalists in his last two years.

title: 1915 Sinhalese-Muslim riots

text: During the next nine days or so the clashes and assaults spread through the Central, North Western, Western, Southern and Sabaragamuwa Provinces; and at one point, on the 2nd June, were reported to be occurring simultaneously at 116 centres. Large crowds were involved in the attacks on the Moors; mobs of over a thousand were reported at Matale, Wattegama, Kadugannawa, Gampola, Rambukkana, Panadura, Godapitiya and Akuressa. Areas where large populations of Moors saw fighting with Moors attacking Sinhalese and elsewhere Sinhalese mobs attacked Moors with Tamils joining in. The police and military came down hard on the riots with many Sinhalese shot and arrested. As they cleared towns of riots, the riots spread to villages where the Punjabis who were also Muslims came down hard on the villages.

title: No. 9r

text: No.9r was then sent to the RNAS airship station at Howden in the East Riding of Yorkshire where it spent most of the time being used for experimental mooring and handling tests. From 17 October 1917 to June 1918 it was stationed at RNAS Pulham in Norfolk where it was finally dismantled due to demand for shed space to allow construction of newer airships, having spent 198 hours and 16 minutes in the air, of which some 33 hours were at a mooring mast. Although unable to compete against contemporary Zeppelins, No.9r provided valuable experience of handling a rigid airship and the use of mooring masts, which would evolve into a unique method of mooring airships.

title: Vic Moore

text: Moore began to travel with a handful of his students to several tournaments as far away as Canada. He later ventured out opening karate schools throughout the Cincinnati area and began traveling the Midwest and East coast. Being successful in competition, he meets the father of American Karate Robert A. Trias. Robert Trias with his skills and ability took Moore under his wings. He continued to train with Trias at various tournaments and seminars, learning the Kenpo and Goju-Ryu styles of Karate, Moore traveled many times to the USKA headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona where he had received rank up through his Masters level while in the USKA. Trias taught many style, but his main style was Shuri-Ryu. While Moore spent time in the USKA, Maung Gyi took him under his wings, taking him as a personal student. Gyi taught him Bando, stick fighting, and all the various weapons too numerous to name. Gyi was also Moore’s kickboxing instructor, teaching Moore all the moves of thai boxing. Later, Vic Moore and Joe Lewis introduced kick boxing to America on the Merv Griffin TV show in 1973. Moore and Joe Lewis were the first to introduce kickboxing on national TV and were some of the first professional kickboxers in the United States. Jim Harrison defeated Moore in the first kickboxing tournament in the United States. Vic Moore gives seminar's all over the USA and lives in Lumberton, NC where he teaches privately from his home.Moore has fought some of the top fighters in the world and also competed against Michael G. Foster (Miami 1965), Mike Stone, Jim 'Ronin' Harrison, Fred Wren, Chuck Norris, and Joe Lewis.Moore placed in every tournament he competed in from 1965 to 1975 when he retired from competition.

title: Alan Moore (war artist)

text: After the war Moore spent some years in Europe. He eventually returned to Melbourne, where he taught painting at Swinburne Technical College from . Moore also painted images from his Belsen sketches and photographs. They were exhibited commercially, but failed to sell. The Australian War Memorial initially rejected the material because it did not depict Australian soldiers; however it accepted them in 1969 when they were donated by Moore. In 201314 the Belsen images formed the basis of a year-long exhibition at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, which Moore himself visited at the invitation of the Memorial.

title: Lane Moore

text: In 2017, Moore created "Hotties of MTV's Next," where she posted her collection of profiles from MTV's Next. The page was praised by news outlets such as "The A.V. Club" who called it "a time machine that highlights an undocumented era when collars were popped, tips were frosted, and farting was its own kind of cultural currency." Cosmopolitan called the page "perfect" and called Moore a "genius." Moore also appeared on @midnight with a segment based around the account which Chris Hardwick called "amazing."

title: Harden Moor

text: As with other neighbouring moorlands, Harden Moor was used for military training during the Second World War. Empty shell casings and tail fins from mortar rounds have been found scattered across these moors. On the St Ives Estate is an old hut where the Home Guard used to meet up and were called out to search for enemy parachutists dropping down onto Harden Moor (though there is no documentary evidence that anyone did actually parachute onto Harden Moor). In 1945, four Keighley teenagers were walking across the moor when one of them found a mortar and without realising it was live, threw the mortar against a wall. An explosion followed and all suffered injuries (three of them seriously) and they were taken to Bradford Royal Infirmary for treatment. A further three explosions of unattended ordnance followed during the summer of 1945, and one of which resulted in the death of 13 year old Frank Charles Smith (of Keighley). This prompted Bingley Urban District Council, who owned the moor at the time, to initiate a burn policy across parts of the moor to allow mine detectors to be used in the search for unexploded ordnance.

title: Christine Moore Howell

text:
Christine Moore Howell (March 19, 1899 – December 13, 1972) was a hair care product businesswoman who founded Christine Cosmetics where she formulated her own line of cosmetics and hair care products. She was the head of the New Jersey Board of Beauty Culture Control. She was the first African-American to graduate from Princeton High School.
She was born on March 19, 1899 as Christine Moore in Princeton, New Jersey to William Moore, Sr. (1863-1920) and Adelaide Williams, both from Hillsboro, North Carolina. Her siblings were Bessie Moore, Arthur C. Moore, and William Moore, Jr. Her father migrated from Hillsboro, North Carolina to Princeton, New Jersey where he opened a shop buying and selling used clothes and furniture to the university students. She attended Princeton High School, where she was the first African-American to graduate.

title: Wayétu Moore

text: When she was five years old, Moore's family fled their home in Monrovia to escape civil war. Along with her father and sisters, Moore wandered for weeks in the forest, eventually finding shelter in her maternal grandmother's rural village. To protect the children from the horrors of the war, Moore's father and grandmother created a magical narrative for them in which gunshots were "dragons fighting" and dead bodies were "people sleeping on the road." At the time, Moore's mother Mamawa was studying at Columbia University on a Fulbright scholarship, and had no news of her family's fate. Mamawa flew to Sierra Leone, where she eventually found a female fighter who was able to locate the rest of the family and bring them across the border. Subsequently, the Moore family moved to Houston, Texas. There, Moore read and wrote prolifically, which she credits with helping her overcome the trauma she experienced during the war.

title: Christy Moore

text: "They Never Came Home" is a song about the Stardust fire of 1981 where 48 people died. The song was recorded on the "Ordinary Man" album and was released on the B-side of a single in 1985. The song achieved notoriety when Moore was taken to court over claims in the song prejudical to an ongoing court case determining compensation. For instance, the song claimed, "hundreds of children are injured and maimed, and all just because the fire exits were chained". Mr Justice Murphy ordered the "Ordinary Man" album to be withdrawn from the shops, and costs were awarded against Moore. "Another Song is Born" was recorded for the album's re-release. "They Never Came Home" later appeared on his box set and on the album "Where I come from".

title: Moors

text: In Portugal, mouro (feminine, moura) may refer to supernatural beings known as enchanted moura, where "moor" implies 'alien' and 'non-Christian'. These beings were siren-like fairies with golden or reddish hair and a fair face. They were believed to have magical properties.[25] From this root, the name moor is applied to unbaptized children, meaning not Christian.[26][27] In Basque, mairu means moor and also refers to a mythical people.[28]

title: Frank C. Moore (painter)

text: Moore's father, Earle K. Moore, was a communications and civil rights lawyer in Manhattan, who won a landmark case establishing that broadcast stations must serve the interests of their viewers. His sister, Rebecca Moore, would become a computer scientist, environmentalist, and founder of Google Earth Outreach. Frank Moore was born in Manhattan in 1953, then moved with his family to Long Island, N.Y., first to Great Neck, and then to Roslyn, where he first attended Roslyn Junior High School. He graduated from Roslyn High School in 1971, where he had been active in student politics and served as class president. Moore's work was selected for display for years in the high school halls. They were eventually removed during a renovation and subsequently lost.

title: Eleanor Allen Moore

text: In 1922, Moore married Dr Robert Cecil Robertson and she gave birth to their daughter, Ailsa, the following year. In 1925, the family moved to Shanghai, China, where Robertson was appointed with the Shanghai Municipal Council. Moore continued to paint in Shanghai, where she was inspired by the street scenes and by the Yangtze River Delta. Moore and her daughter were evacuated from Shanghai to Hong Kong during the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, and returned to Scotland soon after, though she had stopped painting. Her husband, Dr Robertson, remained in Hong Kong until his death in 1942.

title: Whitegate, Greater Manchester

text: The feud was handed down from generation to generation. In 1526, Nuthurst bailiffs chased the Chadderton livestock off the moors. Retaliation from Chadderton soon followed with 200 armed farmers and labourers descending across Theale Moor where they were met by the Nuthurst men and bailiffs. A miniature battle ensued and the quarrel became more violent as time went on. The feud was only finally resolved at the end of the sixteenth century when boundary stakes were set up on the common moors.

title: Low Moor, Bradford

text: On 21 August 1916 when the eyes of the world were concentrated on the titanic struggle in The Somme, there occurred at Low Moor, Bradford one of the most awful industrial disasters ever, in this country. This took place at the premises of the Low Moor Munitions Company, formerly the Low Moor Chemical Company, situated at the bottom of New Works Road, where picric acid, used in the making of high explosives, was being manufactured in large quantities. Efforts were made by the works fire brigade to bring a fire under control, but to no avail. The first of the Bradford firemen to arrive came from Odsal station and were later joined by 18 men from Central. A tremendous explosion occurred which blew them completely off the engine and, in the words of Chief Officer Scott:

title: Thorne and Hatfield Moors Peat Canals

text: Thorne and Hatfield Moors Peat Canals were a series of canals in South Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, England, which were used to carry cut peat from Thorne and Hatfield Moors to points where it could be processed or exported. There were two phases to the canals, the first of which lasted from the 1630s until the 1830s, when coal imported on the Stainforth and Keadby Canal reduced the demand for peat as a fuel. The second started in the 1890s, when peat found a new use as bedding for working horses, and lasted until 1922, when Moorends Mill which processed the peat was destroyed by fire.

title: Thorne and Hatfield Moors

text: In 1935, there were of tracks on Thorne Moors, with 150 peat wagons and 18 flat wagons. There was an additional of temporary track. 50 peat wagons and six flat wagons ran on of permanent track on Hatfield Moors, where there were of temporary track. By 1989, there were about of permanent track on Hatfield Moors, and double that on Thorne Moors. Following the arrival of the Dutch workers in the 1890s, the community continued to expand with the arrival of workers from the Netherlands until about 1912, but most had returned to their country of origin by 1914. In the 1930s, the British Moss Litter Company employed around 160 people, and haulage was achieved by twelve horses. During the Second World War, the Ministry of Supply ran the works, and the workforce dropped to 138, although there were still twelve horses. After the war, several of the men were assisted by their wives, who helped with the stacking of the peat, but did not get paid for their labour. Numbers had dropped to 118 by the 1960s, although a number of unpaid wives were still working on the moors. With the increasing sales of peat for gardeners, the workforce increased to 185 by the mid-1970s, swelled by up to 90 contract workers during busy periods. The total annual output of dried peat at this time was around 45,000 tonnes, produced from 400,000 tonnes of wet peat, all of it going to the horticultural industry. Swinefleet Works stopped production in July 2000, and was fully decommissioned by September. Subsequently, peat from Thorne Moors was transferred to Hatfield for processing.

title: John Moore (1595?–1657)

text: John Moore is descended from the Ancient Family of de la Moor/Moore of Moorhayes in the parish of Cullompton in Devonshire, where they resided from at least 1120 AD.

title: Bodmin Moor

text: Where practicable, areas of the moor were used for pasture by herdsmen from the parishes surrounding the moor. Granite boulders were also taken from the moor and used for stone posts and to a certain extent for building (such material is known as moorstone). Granite quarrying only became reasonably productive when gunpowder became available.

title: Thorne and Hatfield Moors

text: Until the mid-twentieth century, all peat was cut by hand. Although the effects of the industry on the ecology of the moors were serious, hand cutting mainly affected the surface of the moors. It left behind trenches and ditches, which soon became waterlogged, and were re-colonised to become part of the diverse habitat. Once the cutting process was mechanised, peat could be cut from a greater depth, and at a faster rate, resulting in less ability for the moors to recover. Mechanical peat cutting was introduced to the moors in the early 1960s, and the process was similar to hand cutting, in that the peat was extracted over a small area but to a considerable depth. More destructive to the ultimate regeneration of the moors was the introduction of peat milling in 1985, where a thin layer of peat was stripped from a wider area. Thus in 1910, around 56 tonnes per acre were extracted from of the moors, whereas in 1985 the yield was 10 tonnes per acre over double that area. As early as the late 1960s, academics and conservation agencies expressed concerns that the moors had been so badly damaged by peat extraction and farming that they were not worth saving.


query: What is the purpose of survey research?

title: Survey (human research)

text: In research of human subjects, a survey is a list of questions aimed at extracting specific data from a particular group of people. Surveys may be conducted by phone, mail, via the internet, and sometimes face-to-face on busy street corners or in malls. Surveys are used to increase knowledge in fields such as social research and demography.

title: Disaster research

text: Disaster research deals with conducting field and survey research on group, organizational and community preparation for, response to, and recovery from natural and technological disasters and other community-wide crises. The purpose behind this field of research is to attempt to advance and communicate knowledge on mitigation techniques and procedures and disaster preparedness, response, and recovery.

title: The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion

text: What are the other factors shaping public opinion?What are the problems with surveys that researchers use for measuring public opinion?What do these two survey problems suggest?

title: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute

text: In the 2006 5-year plan, the EERI has identified four main goals towards fulfilling their mission and planned strategies to carry them out.The EERI was formed in 1948 as an advising committee on the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. It quickly became its own independent, nonprofit organization, with the purpose of studying why buildings fail under earthquake disasters, and what methods can prevent these failures. At first they conducted their research in laboratories of different University or Government groups. As the EERI grew, they began to more often send research funds to the Universities, and have the University conduct the research. EERI focused more on identifying and investigating areas in need of research, and policymaking based on the university’s lab results.

title: Survey on Household Income and Wealth

text: Survey data from 1977 to 2014 are freely available for research purposes on the Banca d'Italia’s website (formats: ASCII, SAS and Stata).

title: Catlin Group

text: Catlin Arctic Survey 2010 focused on what has been described as the 'other' carbon problem beyond climate change: ocean change. Under the auspices of the Survey, scientists from British, French and Canadian research institutions are gathering at a purpose-built 'Ice Base' at the edge of the Arctic Ocean to study whether the increase in global carbon emissions is causing increased carbon dioxide absorption by the seas. This could potentially lead to increased ocean acidification, which could significantly affect species living in the seas and create knock-on effects in the global food chain.

title: Questionnaire construction

text: Before constructing a questionnaire survey, it is advisable to consider how the results of the research will be used. If the results won't influence the decision-making process, budgets won't allow implementing the findings, or the cost of research outweighs its usefulness, then there is little purpose in conducting the research.

title: Survey (human research)

text: Survey research is often used to assess thoughts, opinions, and feelings.[1] Surveys can be specific and limited, or they can have more global, widespread goals. Psychologists and sociologists often use surveys to analyze behavior, while it is also used to meet the more pragmatic needs of the media, such as, in evaluating political candidates, public health officials, professional organizations, and advertising and marketing directors. A survey consists of a predetermined set of questions that is given to a sample.[1] With a representative sample, that is, one that is representative of the larger population of interest, one can describe the attitudes of the population from which the sample was drawn. Further, one can compare the attitudes of different populations as well as look for changes in attitudes over time. A good sample selection is key as it allows one to generalize the findings from the sample to the population, which is the whole purpose of survey research.

title: Kristo Ivanov

text: This early work was supposed to be completed with a comprehensive research program on "the essence of computers" seen as a capital-intensive industrial embodiment of the formal sciences of logic, mathematics, and geometry. The purpose was to grasp the why and the whither of the formalization of society which is hidden under an aestheticist mask of audiovisual and tactile graphical interfaces and smart human-computer interaction. One main question was whether you should care about what is presupposed and what happens when you press the button, the keyboard's tangent, or touch the screen, while innocently assuming that you are just communicating or interacting. Or is it a matter of naively understood trust? The research program could not be realized except for the production and survey of an extensive bibliography which was made available to the research community.

title: Ordnance Survey

text: Ordnance Survey actively supports the academic research community through its external research and university liaison team. The research department actively supports MSc and PhD students as well as engaging in collaborative research. Most Ordnance Survey products are available to UK universities that have signed up to the Digimap agreement and data is also made available for research purposes that advances Ordnance Survey's own research agenda.

text: The High School Survey of Student Engagement (HSSSE) is a survey designed to investigate student engagement: the attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs of high school students about their work. The survey was the central component of a research and professional development project directed by the Center for Evaluation & Education Policy (CEEP) at Indiana University. The primary purpose of the project is to help high schools explore, understand, and strengthen student engagement.

title: Automated telephone survey

text: Automated telephone surveys is a systematic collection a data from demography by making calls automatically to the preset list of respondents at the aim of collecting information and gain feedback via the telephone and the internet. Automated surveys are used for customer research purposes by call centres for customer relationship management and performance management purposes. They are also used for political polling, market research and job satisfaction surveying.

title: National Church Life Survey

text: The purpose of the National Church Life Survey project is to:In January 2008, the "Sydney Morning Herald" reported research by the Christian Research Association and the NCLS into religious affiliation in rural areas. The article states that

title: Cybernorms group

text: On April 18, 2011, the torrent site The Pirate Bay renamed itself to "Research Bay," a display of their collaboration with the Cybernorms group. The Pirate Bay encouraged its users to take a sociological survey about file-sharing related issues. Private information was promised not to be released. The survey, powered by Questback queried participants about what media they were most likely to share, and what sources they use to download besides The Pirate Bay. Questions including asking about uploading practices to P2P networks and how much they use free streaming media services to watch TV, films, and listen to music. The survey's stated purpose was to understand online norms and values, which, the website goes on to say, is essential to developing relevant and effective laws and policies. Another purpose of the survey was to help researchers to better understand habits and norms within the file-sharing community.

title: Survey (human research)

text: Moreover, in survey research, correlation coefficients between two variables might be affected by measurement error, what can lead to wrongly estimated coefficients and biased substantive conclusions. Therefore, when using survey data, we need to correct correlation coefficients for measurement error. The Survey Quality Predictor software () provides information about the quality of a survey question, i.e. the strength of the relationship between the latent concept of interest that the survey questions intends to measure, and the measured value given by the survey question and gives the necessary information to the user to correct their correlation coefficients for measurement error ([9][10])

title: Crime Survey for England and Wales

text: Data from the Crime Survey for England and Wales can be downloaded for research and teaching use via the UK Data Service website. Datasets since 1982 are available under a standard End User Licence; in addition, certain data from the Crime Survey (1996 to present) are subject to more restrictive Special Licence or Secure Access conditions than the main survey. There are also bespoke versions of the survey data available for teaching purposes.

title: Library assessment

text:
Several libraries have undertaken renovation or expansion projects as a result of their assessment activities as well as enhance resource discovery tools, improve web site usability and stop redundant services.
In order to determine what is important to library users and how satisfied they are with services, resources and physical space, library assessment utilizes a variety of research methods such as: website usability testing, observation, 'In-Library Use' surveys, focus groups, interviews, wayfinding, balanced scorecard, furniture usability, photo and mapping surveys, organizational climate, statistics and satisfaction surveys. The most widely used library satisfaction survey is LibQUAL+, a service quality evaluation survey developed by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) based on ServQUAL. Other satisfaction surveys are: the SCONUL Satisfaction Survey, Insync Surveys (formerly Rodski), and Counting Opinions LibSat survey.

title: London Tourist Board

text: From early on LTB has been involved in a range of research activities. LTB took over the annual London Visitor survey from BTA in 1986 and produced an annual compendium of statistics for the industry and planners. The last London Visitor Survey coordinated by London & Partners was conducted in 2006 using a face-to-face methodology. Since 2012, an ongoing London Visitor Survey is being conducted by LJ Research using an online methodology. Latest publicly available information from the London Visitor Survey (incl a series of profile questions such as nationality, age, purpose of visit and type and location of accommodation used ) are available on LTB's website.

title: Hydraulics Research Station

text:
HRS established the Hydrological Research Unit for the purpose of River catchment research and engineering and co-operation with other government offices such as the :
- Soil Survey of England and Wales (JP Bell)
- the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food,
- the River Authority (1963 Act).

title: Research in music education

text:
"Descriptive research" is used to determine what is and is usually conducted for one of three purposes:
There are three broad categories of descriptive research: survey studies, relationship studies, and development studies.

title: German Ageing Survey

text:
Wave VI
The findings of the German Ageing Survey are published in edited volumes, refereed journals and press informations. Press information is free of charge and available online at , where you will also find a list of selected DEAS publications in English.
The Research Data Centre of the German Centre of Gerontology (FDZ-DZA) now also provides anonymised data sets for research purposes and advises researchers on its use.

title: Parkfield, California

text: Since 1985, the United States Geological Survey has been working on a project known as "The Parkfield Experiment", a long-term research project on the San Andreas fault. "The experiment's purpose is to better understand the physics of earthquakes — what actually happens on the fault and in the surrounding region before, during and after an earthquake."

title: Zoological Survey of India

text: Efforts have been made in recent times towards an integrated approach to zoological investigations so as to have a more purpose-oriented research incorporating biological, ecological and ethological aspects. Despite the inclusion of other areas of research in the institution’s programme, taxonomy continues to occupy a prominent role. However, the morphology-based classical taxonomy, the crux of scientific research of the Survey, has further been supported with the high-end, modern tools of molecular taxonomy, viz., DNA Fingerprinting Techniques, for improving the quality and scope of the taxonomic research of the institution.

title: 1970 Bhola cyclone

text: Two medical relief surveys were carried out by the Pakistan-SEATO Cholera Research Laboratory: the first in November and the second in February and March. The purpose of the first survey was to establish the immediate medical needs in the affected regions, and the second, more detailed, survey was designed as the basis for long-term relief and recovery planning. In the second survey, approximately 1.4% of the area's population was studied.

title: AEGIS (astronomy)

text: AEGIS, or the All-Wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey, is a multi-wavelength astronomical survey of a patch of the sky with low extinction and zodiacal scattering. The purpose of the survey is to study the physical processes and evolution of galaxies at redshift z ~ 1. As of February 2011 more than 80 research papers have been published based on data from the survey.

title: Southwestern University of Finance and Economics

text: The Survey and Research Center of the China Household Finance Survey is a non-profit academic institution of survey and research established in 2010 by the Research Institute of Economics and Management at SWUFE. Within a few years it has been established as an internationally renown academic survey institute with comprehensive micro data, including three databases on the household finance of private Chinese households, small and micro enterprises, and community governance. The center provides CHFS data to registered users for the purpose of facilitating scientific and policy research.

title: Fair dealing in United Kingdom law

text: For this defence to apply, the infringer must show that the dealing is for non-commercial research or private study, private study being defined by Section 178 as excluding any study directly or indirectly for commercial purpose; it therefore covers most academic purposes, but not things such as the use of a database in market-testing of new drugs. Research, when not academic, is covered by "The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Ordnance Survey v Green Amps Ltd", which sets the test as whether or not it is thought that the research would be used for a commercial purpose in the future. Although the precise distinction between research and private study has not historically been important, modern case law states that there is a difference. Unlike study, research cannot be private, as the exception to copyright law is justified because research provides a benefit to society as a whole. As with all fair dealing exceptions, copying for research or study purposes must also be "fair", taking into account the various factors mentioned above.

title: Patuxent Wildlife Research Center

text: The Patuxent Wildlife Research Center is a biological research center in Maryland. It is one of 17 research centers in the United States run by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The center is located on the grounds of the Patuxent Research Refuge, managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This is the only National Wildlife Refuge with the purpose of supporting wildlife research.

title: Survey (human research)

text: The value of collected data completely depends upon how truthful respondents are in their answers on questionnaires.[1] In general, survey researchers accept respondents’ answers as true. Survey researchers avoid reactive measurement by examining the accuracy of verbal reports, and directly observing respondents’ behavior in comparison with their verbal reports to determine what behaviors they really engage in or what attitudes they really uphold.[1] Studies examining the association between self reports (attitudes, intentions) and actual behavior show that the link between them—though positive—is not always strong—thus caution is needed when extrapolating self-reports to actual behaviors,[11][12][13] Dishonesty is pronounced in some sex-related queries, with men often amplifying their number of sex partners, while women tend to downplay and slash their true number.[14]

title: Survey (human research)

title: Survey methodology

text: A single survey is made of at least a sample (or full population in the case of a census), a method of data collection (e.g., a questionnaire) and individual questions or items that become data that can be analyzed statistically. A single survey may focus on different types of topics such as preferences (e.g., for a presidential candidate), opinions (e.g., should abortion be legal?), behavior (smoking and alcohol use), or factual information (e.g., income), depending on its purpose. Since survey research is almost always based on a sample of the population, the success of the research is dependent on the representativeness of the sample with respect to a target population of interest to the researcher. That target population can range from the general population of a given country to specific groups of people within that country, to a membership list of a professional organization, or list of students enrolled in a school system (see also sampling (statistics) and survey sampling). The persons replying to a survey are called respondents, and depending on the questions asked their answers may represent themselves as individuals, their households, employers, or other organization they represent.