Contemporary philosopher Noel Carroll took this stance, arguing that an artist's intentions are relevant to their audience the same way a speaker's intentions are relevant to the person they’re engaging in conversation.
Filsuf kontemporer Noel Carroll meyakini pendapat ini, ia berpendapat bahwa tujuan seniman berpengaruh pada penikmat karyanya sama halnya seperti tujuan pembicara berpengaruh terhadap orang yang diajak bicara.