Item 1. Business
Our Company
Verint® Systems Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, "Verint", the "Company", "we", "us", and "our", unless the context indicates otherwise) is a global leader in Actionable Intelligence® solutions. Actionable Intelligence is a necessity in a dynamic world of massive information growth because it empowers organizations with crucial insights and enables decision makers to anticipate, respond, and take action. With Verint solutions and value-added services, organizations of all sizes and across many industries can make more timely and effective decisions. Today, more than 10,000 organizations in over 180 countries, including over 80 percent of the Fortune 100, use Verint solutions to improve enterprise performance and make the world a safer place.
Our Actionable Intelligence solutions help organizations address three important challenges: Customer Engagement Optimization; Security Intelligence; and Fraud, Risk, and Compliance. We help our customers capture large amounts of information from numerous data types and sources, use analytics to glean insights from the information, and leverage the resulting Actionable Intelligence to help achieve their customer engagement, enhanced security, and risk mitigation goals.
We have established leadership positions in our respective markets by developing highly-scalable, enterprise-class solutions with advanced, integrated analytics for both unstructured and structured information. Our innovative solutions are developed by a large research and development team, which has led to more than 600 patents and patent applications worldwide. We offer a range of customer services-from initial implementation and training, to consulting and managed services, as well as ongoing customer support and maintenance-to help maximize the value our customers receive from our Actionable Intelligence solutions.
Headquartered in Melville, New York, we support our customers around the globe directly and with an extensive network of selling and support partners.
Company Background
We were incorporated in Delaware in February 1994 and completed our initial public offering (“IPO”) in May 2002. Over the last decade, we have grown our revenue every year and expanded our portfolio of Actionable Intelligence solutions through a combination of organic innovation and acquisitions.
We have three operating segments: Enterprise Intelligence Solutions™ ("Enterprise Intelligence"), Communications and Cyber Intelligence Solutions™ ("Communications Intelligence"), and Video and Situation Intelligence Solutions™ ("Video Intelligence"), each of which is described in greater detail below and in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" under Item 7. See also Note 18, "Segment, Geographic, and Significant Customer Information" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report for additional information and financial data about each of our operating segments and geographic regions.
On February 4, 2013, we successfully completed the acquisition of our former parent company, CTI, eliminating its majority ownership and control of us. Our acquisition of CTI is described in greater detail in Note 4, “Merger with CTI” to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
On February 3, 2014, we completed the acquisition of KANA Software, Inc. and its subsidiaries through the merger of KANA Software, Inc.’s parent holding company, Kay Technology Holdings, Inc. (collectively, “KANA”) with a subsidiary of ours. KANA has since become part of our Enterprise Intelligence segment. Our acquisition of KANA is described in greater detail below under “Recent Developments.”
On March 31, 2014, we completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of UTX Technologies Limited (“UTX”), a provider of certain mobile device tracking solutions for security applications. Our acquisition of UTX is described in greater detail below under “Recent Developments.”
Through our website at www.verint.com, we make available our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as amendments to those reports filed or furnished by us pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such materials with, or furnish such materials to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Our website address set forth above is not intended to be an active link and information on our website is not incorporated in, and should not be construed to be a part of, this report.
Our Market-Actionable Intelligence
Actionable Intelligence is a necessity in a dynamic world of massive information growth because it empowers organizations with crucial insights and enables decision makers to anticipate, respond, and take action. Customers are now more aware of the value they can create by using insights gleaned from large data sets. The amount and types of structured and unstructured data available to customers is growing rapidly and presents new and increasing challenges and complexities. At the same time, organizations that are able to generate Actionable Intelligence from big data are better positioned to create value and achieve their strategic objectives.
Verint has been focused on Actionable Intelligence for more than a decade. Our solutions address three areas of the market:
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Customer Engagement Optimization-solutions that help organizations enhance customer loyalty, increase revenue, mitigate risk and manage operational costs.
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Security Intelligence-solutions that help organizations prevent, neutralize, and investigate crime and terror, as well as protect people and property.
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Fraud, Risk and Compliance-solutions that help organizations prevent loss, comply with regulations, investigate cyber and financial crime, and protect private information.
Customer Engagement Optimization
We are a leading provider of Customer Engagement Optimization software and services that help organizations transform customer engagements to drive better business outcomes by enhancing loyalty, increasing revenue, mitigating risk, and managing operational costs. Our Customer Engagement Optimization solutions provide our customers with Actionable Intelligence to optimize the workforce, improve processes, and enrich customer interactions in order to achieve important strategic objectives. These solutions are implemented in industries that have significant customer service operations, such as insurance, banking and brokerage, telecommunications, media, retail, public services, and hospitality.
Historically, as organizations have looked to engage with their customers more effectively and to address evolving communication channels and changing expectations, they have been forced to purchase multiple point solutions from different vendors, creating integration challenges. Even if such point solutions are able to be integrated, we believe they often do not work together optimally or in a unified manner. As a result, we believe that organizations can benefit from deploying a comprehensive Customer Engagement Optimization solution that includes both enterprise workforce optimization and multichannel customer service capabilities from a single provider. As organizations take a more strategic approach to customer sales and service, they will be better positioned to gain a competitive advantage, build more meaningful customer and employee engagement, reduce operating costs, and increase revenue and customer loyalty.
We believe the key trends driving demand for Customer Engagement Optimization solutions include:
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Consumers expecting a more personalized and consistent experience across service channels. The manner in which consumers obtain customer service has evolved from traditional call centers and in-store visits, to multichannel customer engagement centers that include web self-service and digital communications, such as email, chat, and social media. Today, consumers select service channels based on a number of factors, including which channels are available, their experiences with those channels, personal preference, and the type of service issue at hand. Often they use multiple channels for the same service-related issue, initially starting with a digital channel and ending with the call center or vice versa. Consumer expectations are changing rapidly as organizations provide them with more interaction channels than ever before. We believe consumers have come to expect a consistent, contextual, and personalized experience across these channels, and therefore, organizations are seeking Customer Engagement Optimization solutions to achieve better business outcomes.
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Customer-centric organizations increasingly looking for the ability to aggregate, analyze, and act on big data to enhance operational efficiencies, build customer loyalty, and drive profitability. Today’s organizations have a significant amount of structured and unstructured customer, workforce, and other business data that is typically generated from numerous departments and multiple systems across the enterprise. We believe that customer-centric organizations are increasingly seeking Customer Engagement Optimization solutions that allow them to collect and analyze intelligence across different service channels and sources to gain a better understanding of the performance of their workforce, the effectiveness of their service processes, the quality of their interactions, and changing customer behaviors. When captured, analyzed, and acted upon, organizations can use this Actionable Intelligence to help achieve important strategic objectives, such as gaining a holistic view of customer service effectiveness, improving customer engagement, enhancing loyalty, maximizing revenue, reducing operational costs, and mitigating risk.
Security Intelligence
We are a leading provider of Security Intelligence solutions. Our solutions are implemented in a variety of sectors, such as government, law enforcement, transportation, critical infrastructure, and commercial organizations.
We believe that terrorism, criminal activities, cyber-attacks, and other security threats, combined with new and more complex security challenges, are driving demand for innovative solutions that can enhance security through the extensive use of Actionable Intelligence to help anticipate, prepare, and respond to security threats.
We believe that the key trends driving demand for Security Intelligence solutions include:
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Communications Intelligence-increasing complexity of communications networks and demand for advanced intelligence and investigative solutions. Law enforcement, national security, and intelligence agencies worldwide are responsible for investigations related to criminal, national security and terrorist networks, drug trafficking, financial crimes, and other illegal activities. Such investigations require highly complex methods and often involve collecting and analyzing information from multiple sources, including communications networks. Further, in many countries, communications service providers are mandated by government regulation to satisfy certain technical requirements for delivering communication content and data to law enforcement and government authorities, and we believe that the increasing complexity of communications networks coupled with the need for communications intelligence are creating demand for Actionable Intelligence solutions.
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Cyber Security-increased threat of cyber-attacks and demand for innovative solutions to protect networks. Over the last few years, cyber security has become a growing concern, and many countries around the world are seeking tools to detect and help prevent cyber-attacks. In a world of growing connectivity, the Internet, and the proliferation of IP networks, protecting the end points of the network from cyber-attacks is no longer sufficient, and the network itself has become key to an effective cyber security program. For example, there is a growing need not just to protect networks from malicious intrusion, but also to identify malware that already exists in the network and to investigate cyber-attacks and determine who is behind the attacks and why. We believe that countries around the world are seeking innovative cyber security solutions that capture and analyze network traffic and that glean insights from the data to detect malware and help prevent and investigate cyber-attacks.
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Situation Management-demand for innovative IP-based video and integrated situation management solutions. The physical security market continues to experience a technology transition from relatively passive analog CCTV video systems that use analog equipment and closed networks and generally provide only basic video recording and viewing, to more sophisticated, proactive, network-based IP video systems that use video management software to efficiently collect, manage, and analyze large amounts of video over networks. In addition, in the physical security market, there is a need to aggregate data from many other non-video sensors, including access control, intrusion detection, and other security sensors to allow centralized monitoring and more effective prevention of and response to security events. We believe that situation management solutions that aggregate data from multiple sensors and security systems and leverage Actionable Intelligence can effectively address these security needs.
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Homeland Security (HLS)-demand for innovative, integrated solutions that combine situation management, communications and cyber intelligence, and facilitate collaboration across security and law enforcement agencies. We believe that government organizations, in connection with safe city, border control, transportation security, critical infrastructure, and other large-scale security initiatives, are interested in deploying innovative security solutions that fuse data from a wide range of security systems and intelligence sources to enable efficient information correlation and analysis; rapid, rules-based alerts and action; and the ability to share information easily within and across agencies to
facilitate timely response and investigation. We believe that Actionable Intelligence presents an opportunity for HLS agencies to implement solutions that enhance security and public safety, while reducing operating costs.
Fraud, Risk, and Compliance
Verint is an innovator and global provider of Fraud, Risk, and Compliance solutions. Our solutions are implemented across many industries, including financial services, retail, and telecommunications service providers.
We believe that enterprise organizations are looking to generate Actionable Intelligence to identify and prevent fraud, mitigate risk, and help ensure compliance with legal, regulatory, and internal requirements. Organizations across industries face the challenge of identifying fraud and non-compliance driven by the significant growth in information and the development of more sophisticated methods of attack that require advanced solutions to detect, mitigate, and prevent such breaches. The consequences of fraud and non-compliance extend far beyond direct financial loss to serious risks associated with information breaches that can harm both customers and organizations, leading to reputation damage, customer attrition, and in some cases significant fines and personal liability for senior executives.
We believe that the key trends driving demand for Fraud, Risk, and Compliance solutions include:
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Ongoing fraud intensified by new vulnerabilities and sophisticated methods of attack. Fraud can take different forms across industries, and organizations must be prepared to address these risks effectively. Many of these risks are fueled by new system vulnerabilities and the rise of more sophisticated methods of attack. For example, in financial services, call center fraud has resulted in the demand for new solutions based on voice biometrics and predictive analytics to help authenticate customers. In retail, where profit margins are narrow, organizations are seeking solutions to investigate suspicious activities and reduce theft in their stores. We believe that organizations are seeking new analytical solutions that can analyze a wide range of information to better mitigate fraud and effectively manage risk.
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Organizations seeking innovative solutions to respond to rapidly-evolving legal and regulatory compliance requirements. With the ever-changing nature of financial and other laws, rules, and regulations-such as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)-organizations face a tremendous challenge with legal and regulatory compliance requirements. Consumer financial protection is growing across the globe, with costly, large-scale remediation activities and significant financial penalties mandated for infractions. While organizations often have detailed processes and procedures for their employees to follow in support of regulatory requirements, we believe that many lack the tools to adequately capture and analyze the actual behavior of employees across the enterprise, exposing these organizations to significant risk. We believe that organizations are looking to evolve their practices and tools that support these areas, and that new, sophisticated compliance solutions can help them address these requirements, mitigate risks, and make the necessary adjustments as regulations and other requirements continue to evolve.
Our Strategy
Our strategy to further enhance our position as a leading provider of Actionable Intelligence solutions worldwide includes the following key elements:
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Continue to drive the development of Actionable Intelligence solutions for unstructured data. We were a pioneer in the development of solutions that help commercial businesses and governmental organizations derive intelligence from both structured and unstructured data. We intend to continue to drive the adoption of our Actionable Intelligence vision and solutions by building the Verint brand; expanding our portfolio of Customer Engagement Optimization, Security Intelligence, and Fraud, Risk, and Compliance solutions delivered from a single provider; leveraging our large installed base of customers; and offering services that help our customers maximize their investments in our solutions.
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Maintain market leadership through innovation and customer centricity. We believe that to compete successfully we must continue to introduce solutions that better enable customers to derive Actionable Intelligence from their structured and unstructured data. In order to do this, we intend to continue to make significant investments in research and development, protect our intellectual property through patents and other means, and maintain regular dialog with our customer base in order to anticipate and understand their business objectives and requirements.
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Continue to expand our market presence through OEM and partner relationships. We have expanded our relationships with OEMs and other channel partners. We believe that these relationships broaden our market coverage and help make
our solutions even more widely available on a global basis. We intend to continue expanding our existing relationships, while creating new ones.
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Augment our organic growth with acquisitions. We examine acquisition opportunities regularly as a means to add technology, increase our geographic presence, enhance our market leadership, and/or expand into adjacent markets. Historically, we have engaged in acquisitions for all of these purposes and expect to continue doing so in the future when strategic opportunities arise.
Our Operating Segments
We conduct our business through three operating segments-Enterprise Intelligence, Communications and Cyber Intelligence, and Video and Situation Intelligence. Organizing our business through three operating segments allows us to align our resources and domain expertise to effectively address the Actionable Intelligence market. We address the Customer Engagement Optimization market opportunity through solutions from our Enterprise Intelligence segment. We address the Security Intelligence market opportunity through solutions from our Communications and Cyber Intelligence segment and Video and Situation Intelligence segment, and we address the Fraud, Risk, and Compliance market opportunity through solutions from all three operating segments. Below is a summary of the solutions included in each of our segments.
The Enterprise Intelligence Segment
Our Enterprise Intelligence solutions are primarily marketed under the Impact 360® and KANA brands. Our solutions are implemented on customer premises and/or are available in a hosted model. The following tables summarize our portfolio of workforce optimization and customer service solutions that comprise our Enterprise Intelligence segment.
Workforce Optimization Solutions
Customer Service Solutions
The Communications and Cyber Intelligence Segment
Our Communications and Cyber Intelligence solutions are marketed under the RELIANT™, VANTAGE®, STAR-GATE™, ENGAGE™, FOCAL-INFO™, CYBERVISION™, SIC™, and VIGIA® brand names. The following table summarizes our portfolio of Communications and Cyber Intelligence solutions.
The Video and Situation Intelligence Segment
Our Video and Situational Intelligence solutions are marketed under the Nextiva® brand. The following table summarizes our portfolio of Video and Situation Intelligence solutions.
Customer Services
We offer a range of customer services, including implementation and training, consulting and managed services, and maintenance support, to help our customers maximize their return on investment in our solutions.
Implementation and Training
Our solutions are implemented by our service organizations, authorized partners, resellers, or customers. Our implementation services include project management, system installation, and commissioning, including integrating our solutions with our customers’ environments and third-party solutions. Our training programs are designed to enable our customers to effectively use our solutions and to certify our partners to sell, install, and support our solutions. Customer and partner training is provided at the customer site, at our training centers around the world, and/or remotely online.
Consulting and Managed Services
Our management consulting capabilities include business strategy, process excellence, performance management, and project and program management, and are designed to help our customers maximize the value of our solutions in their own environments. We also offer managed services delivered on a subscription basis to help our customers gain further value from their investments in our technology and minimize the need for additional resources. Our managed services enable us to help ensure customers effectively manage our solutions and maximize the business insights produced, heighten customer engagement, and create strong relationships working together in the process.
Maintenance Support
We offer a range of customer maintenance support programs to our customers and resellers, including phone, web, and email access to technical personnel up to 24-hours-a-day, seven-days-a-week. Our support programs are designed to help ensure long-term, successful use of our solutions. We believe that customer support is critical to retaining and expanding our customer base. Our Enterprise Intelligence solutions are sold with a warranty of generally one year for hardware and 90 days for software. Our Communications Intelligence solutions and Video Intelligence solutions are sold with warranties that typically range from 90 days to three years and, in some cases, longer. In addition, customers are typically provided the option to purchase maintenance plans that provide a range of services, such as telephone support, advanced replacement, upgrades when and if available, and on-site repair or replacement. Currently, the majority of our maintenance revenue is related to our Enterprise Intelligence solutions.
Direct and Indirect Sales
We sell our solutions through our direct sales teams and indirect channels, including distributors, systems integrators, value-added resellers ("VARs"), and OEM partners. Approximately half of our overall sales are made through partners, distributors, resellers, and system integrators.
Each of our solutions is sold by trained, dedicated, regionally-organized direct and indirect sales teams. Our direct sales teams are focused on large and mid-sized customers and, in many cases, co-sell with our other channels and sales agents. Our indirect sales teams are focused on developing and supporting relationships with our indirect channels, which provide us with broader market coverage, including access to their customer base, integration services, and presence in certain geographies and vertical markets. Our sales teams are supported by business consultants, solutions specialists, and pre-sales engineers who, during the sales process, help determine customer requirements and develop technical responses to those requirements. While we sell directly and indirectly in all three of our segments, sales of our Video Intelligence solutions are primarily indirect, and sales of our Communications Intelligence solutions are primarily direct. See "Risk Factors-Risks Related to Our Business-Competition, Markets, and Operations-If we are unable to maintain our relationships with third parties that market and sell our products, our business and ability to grow could be materially adversely affected" under Item 1A
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Many of the factors that affect our business and operations involve risks and uncertainties. The factors described below are risks that could materially harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. These are not all the risks we face and other factors currently considered immaterial or unknown to us may have a material adverse impact on our future operations.
Risks Related to Our Business
Competition, Markets, and Operations
Our business is impacted by changes in general economic conditions and information technology spending in particular.
Our business is subject to risks arising from adverse changes in domestic and global economic conditions. Slowdowns, recessions, economic instability, political unrest, armed conflicts, or natural disasters around the world may cause companies and governments to delay, reduce, or even cancel planned spending. In particular, declines in information technology spending and limited or reduced government budgets have affected the markets for our solutions in both the enterprise intelligence market and the security intelligence market in certain periods and in certain regions. For the year ended January 31, 2014, approximately one quarter of our business was generated from contracts with various governments around the world, including national, regional, and local government agencies. We expect that government contracts will continue to be a significant source of our revenue for the foreseeable future. Customers or partners who are facing business challenges or liquidity issues are also more likely to delay purchase decisions or cancel orders, as well as to delay or default on payments. If customers or partners significantly reduce their spending with us or significantly delay or fail to make payments to us, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be materially adversely affected.
The industry in which we operate is characterized by rapid technological changes and evolving industry standards, and if we cannot anticipate and react to such changes and continually innovate our products and technologies our results may suffer.
The markets for our products are characterized by rapidly changing technology and evolving industry standards. The introduction of products embodying new technology, new delivery platforms such as SaaS, the commoditization of older technologies, and the emergence of new industry standards can exert pricing pressure on existing products and/or render them unmarketable or obsolete. It is critical to our success that we are able to anticipate and respond to changes in technology and industry standards by consistently developing new and enhanced, innovative and high-quality products and services that meet or exceed the changing needs of our customers. We must also successfully launch and drive demand for our new and enhanced solutions. If we are unable to develop, launch, and drive demand for our new and enhanced solutions, we may lose market share and our profitability and other results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Intense competition in our markets and competitors with greater resources than us may limit our market share, profitability, and growth.
We face aggressive competition from numerous and varied competitors in all of our markets, making it difficult to maintain market share, remain profitable, invest, and grow. We are also encountering new competitors as we expand into new markets. Our competitors may be able to more quickly develop or adapt to new or emerging technologies, better respond to changes in customer requirements or preferences, or devote greater resources to the development, promotion, and sale of their products. Some of our competitors have, in relation to us, longer operating histories, larger customer bases, longer standing relationships with customers, superior brand recognition, and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, customer service, public relations, distribution, or other resources, especially in new markets we may enter. Consolidation among our competitors may also improve their competitive position. In recent years, several companies significantly larger than we are have also entered or increased their presence in our markets through internal development, partnerships, and acquisitions, and we have encountered larger competitors as we have expanded into new markets. We also face competition from solutions developed internally by our customers or partners. To the extent that we cannot compete effectively, our market share and, therefore, results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Because price and related terms are key considerations for many of our customers, we may, from time to time, have to accept less-favorable payment terms, lower the prices of our products and services, and/or reduce our cost structure, including reducing headcount or investment in research and development, in order to remain competitive. Certain of our competitors have become increasingly aggressive in their pricing strategy, particularly in markets where they are trying to establish a foothold or defend existing installations. If we are forced to take these kinds of actions to remain competitive in the short-term,
such actions may adversely impact our ability to execute and compete in the long-term.
Our solutions may contain defects, and we could incur substantial costs to correct such defects and face customer claims for substantial damages if such defects cause our solutions to fail to perform properly. In addition, defects may cause adverse publicity and impair the market acceptance of our solutions.
Many of our existing solutions are and future solutions are expected to be sophisticated and may develop operational problems. New products and new product versions also give rise to the risk of defects or errors. If we are not able to remedy or do not discover such defects, errors, or other operational problems until after a product has been released and used by customers or partners, we may incur significant costs to correct such defects, errors, or other operational problems and/or become liable for substantial damages for product liability claims or other contract liabilities. In addition, defects or errors in our products may result in questions regarding the integrity of the products generally, which could cause adverse publicity and impair their market acceptance.
If we are unable to maintain our relationships with third parties that market and sell our products, our business and ability to grow could be materially adversely affected.
Approximately half of our sales are made through partners, distributors, resellers, and systems integrators. We must often compete with other suppliers for these relationships and our competitors often seek to establish exclusive relationships with these sales channels or, at a minimum, to become a preferred partner for them. Our ability to procure and maintain these relationships is based on factors that are similar to those on which we compete for end customers, including features, functionality, ease of use, installation and maintenance, and price, among others. Even if we are able to secure such relationships on terms we find acceptable, there is no assurance that we will be able to realize the benefits we anticipate. Some of our channel partners may also compete with us or have affiliates that compete with us or may partner with our competitors or even offer our products and those of our competitors as alternatives when presenting bids to end customers. Our ability to achieve our revenue goals and growth depends to a significant extent on maintaining, enabling, and adding to these sales channels, and if we are unable to do so, our business and ability to grow could be materially adversely affected.
The sophisticated nature of our solutions, sales cycle, and sales strategy may create uncertainty in or negatively impact our operating results and make such results more volatile and difficult to predict.
Although the timing of our sales cycle ranges from as little as a few weeks to more than a year, our larger sales, which we emphasize in our sales strategy, typically require a minimum of a few months to consummate. As the length or complexity of a sales process increases, so does the risk of successfully closing the sale. Larger sales are often made by competitive bid, which also increases the time and uncertainty associated with such opportunities. Moreover, because many of our solutions are also sophisticated, customers may require education on the value and functionality of our solutions as part of the sales process, further extending the time frame and uncertainty of the process. Longer sales cycles, competitive bid processes, and the need to educate customers means that:
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There is greater risk of customers deferring, scaling back, or cancelling sales as a result of, among other things, receipt of competitive proposals, changes in budgets and purchasing priorities, or the introduction or anticipated introduction of new or enhanced products by us or our competitors during the process.
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We may make a significant investment of time and money in opportunities that do not come to fruition, which investments we may be unable to recoup or utilize in future projects.
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We may be required to bid on a project in advance of the completion of its design or be required to begin implementation of a project in advance of finalizing a sale, in either case, increasing the risk of unforeseen technological difficulties or cost overruns.
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We face greater downside risks if we do not correctly and efficiently deploy limited human and financial resources and convert such sales opportunities into orders.
Our emphasis on larger solution sales also requires greater expertise in sales execution and transaction implementation than more basic product sales, including in establishing and maintaining appropriate contacts and relationships with customers and partners, product development, project management, staffing, integration, services, and support. Additionally, after the completion of a solution sale or the sale of a more sophisticated product in general, our customers or partners may need assistance from us in making use of the full functionality of these solutions or products, in realizing all of their benefits, or in
implementation generally. If we are unable to assist our customers and partners in realizing the benefits they expect from our solutions and products, demand for our solutions and products may decline and our operating results may suffer.
The extended time frame and uncertainty associated with many of our sales opportunities also makes it difficult for us to accurately forecast our revenues (and attendant budgeting and guidance decisions) and increases the volatility of our operating results from period to period. Our ability to forecast and the volatility of our operating results is also impacted by the fact that pricing, margins, and other deal terms may vary substantially from transaction to transaction, especially across business lines. The terms of our transactions, including with respect to pricing, future deliverables, delivery model (e.g., perpetual license versus SaaS), and post-contract customer support, also impact the timing of our ability to recognize revenue. Because these transaction-specific factors are difficult to predict in advance, this also complicates the forecasting of revenue. Additionally, because, as noted above, we emphasize larger transactions in our sales strategy, the deferral or loss of one or more significant orders or a delay in a large implementation could materially adversely affect our operating results, especially in any given quarter. As with other software-focused companies, a large amount of our quarterly business tends to come in the last few weeks, or even the last few days, of each quarter. This trend has also complicated the process of accurately predicting revenue and other operating results, particularly on a quarterly basis. Finally, our business is subject to seasonal factors that may also cause our results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter.
For certain products and components, we rely on a limited number of suppliers, manufacturers, and partners and if these relationships are interrupted we may not be able to obtain substitute suppliers, manufacturers, or partners on favorable terms or at all.
Although we generally use standard parts and components in our products, we do rely on non-affiliated suppliers and OEM partners for certain non-standard products or components which may be critical to our products, including both hardware and software, and on manufacturers of assemblies that are incorporated into our products. We also purchase technology, license intellectual property rights, and oversee third-party development and localization of certain products or components, in some cases, by or from companies that may compete with us or work with our competitors. While we endeavor to use larger, more established suppliers, manufacturers, and partners wherever possible, in some cases, these providers may be smaller, less established companies, particularly in the case of suppliers of new or unique technologies that we have not developed internally. If these suppliers, manufacturers, or partners experience financial, operational, manufacturing capacity, or quality assurance difficulties, or cease production and sale of the products we buy from them entirely, or there is any other disruption, including loss of license, OEM, or distribution rights, in our relationships with these suppliers, manufacturers, or partners, including as a result of the acquisition of a supplier or partner by a competitor, we will be required to locate alternative sources of supply or manufacturing, to internally develop the applicable technologies, to redesign our products, and/or to remove certain features from our products, any of which would be likely to increase expenses, create delivery delays, and negatively impact our sales. Although we endeavor to put in place contracts with these key providers, including protections such as source code escrows (where needed), warranties, and indemnities, we may not be successful in obtaining adequate protections, these agreements may be short-term in duration, the counterparties may be unwilling or unable to stand behind such protections, and any contractual protections offer limited practical benefits to us in the event our relationship with a key provider is interrupted, any of which may adversely affect our business.
If we cannot recruit or retain qualified personnel, our ability to operate and grow our business may be impaired.
We depend on the continued services of our executive officers and other key personnel. In addition, in order to continue to grow effectively, we need to attract and retain new employees who understand and have experience with our products, services, and markets, including new markets we may enter. The market for such personnel is competitive in the geographies in which we operate. If we are unable to attract and retain qualified employees, on reasonable economic and other terms or at all, our ability to operate and grow our business could be impaired.
Because we have significant foreign operations, we are subject to geopolitical and other risks that could materially adversely affect our business.
We have significant operations outside the United States, including sales, research and development, manufacturing, customer support, and administrative services. The countries in which we have our most significant foreign operations include Israel, the United Kingdom, Canada, Brazil, India, Germany, Indonesia, the Netherlands, and Cyprus, and we intend to continue to expand our operations internationally. We believe our business may suffer if we are unable to successfully expand into new regions, as well as maintain and expand existing foreign operations. Our foreign operations are, and any future foreign expansion will be, subject to a variety of risks, many of which are beyond our control, including risks associated with:
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foreign currency fluctuations;
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political, security, and economic instability or corruption in foreign countries;
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compliance with laws prohibiting improper payments or offers of payments for the purposes of obtaining or retaining business in non-U.S. jurisdictions, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar laws of the United States and other countries;
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changes in and compliance with local laws and regulations, including trade compliance laws, data privacy laws, gift policies, tax laws, labor laws, employee benefits, customs requirements, currency restrictions, and other requirements;
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differences in tax regimes and potentially adverse tax consequences of operating in foreign countries;
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customizing products for foreign countries;
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preference for or policies and procedures that protect local suppliers;
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legal uncertainties regarding liability and intellectual property rights;
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hiring and retaining qualified foreign employees; and
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difficulty in, and longer time frames associated with, accounts receivable collection.
Any or all of these factors could materially adversely affect our business or results of operations.
Conditions in and our relationship to Israel may materially adversely affect our operations and personnel and may limit our ability to produce and sell our products or engage in certain transactions.
We have significant operations in Israel, including research and development, manufacturing, sales, and support.
Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its neighbors, which in the past have led, and may in the future lead, to security and economic problems for Israel. In addition, Israel has faced and continues to face difficult relations with the Palestinians and the risk of terrorist violence from both Palestinian as well as foreign elements such as Hezbollah. Infighting among the Palestinians may also create security and economic risks to Israel. Current and future conflicts and political, economic, and/or military conditions in Israel and the Middle East region have affected and may in the future affect our operations in Israel. The exacerbation of violence within Israel or the outbreak of violent conflicts between Israel and its neighbors, including Iran, may impede our ability to manufacture, sell, and support our products or engage in research and development, or otherwise adversely affect our business or operations. In addition, many of our employees in Israel are required to perform annual compulsory military service and are subject to being called to active duty at any time. The absence of these employees may have an adverse effect on our operations. Hostilities involving Israel may also result in the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its trading partners or a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel and could materially adversely affect our results of operations.
Restrictive laws, policies, or practices in certain countries directed toward Israel, Israeli goods, or companies having operations in Israel may also limit our ability to sell some of our products in certain countries.
We receive grants from the OCS for the financing of a portion of our research and development expenditures in Israel. The availability in any given year of these OCS grants depends on OCS approval of the projects and related budgets that we submit to the OCS each year. The Israeli law under which these OCS grants are made limits our ability to manufacture products, or transfer technologies, developed using these grants outside of Israel. This may limit our ability to engage in certain outsourcing or business combination transactions involving these products or require us to pay significant royalties or fees to the OCS in order to obtain any OCS consent that may be required in connection with such transactions.
We are subject to complex, evolving regulatory requirements that may be difficult and expensive to comply with and that could negatively impact our business.
Our business and operations are subject to a variety of regulatory requirements in the United States and abroad, including, among other things, with respect to performance of government contracts, labor, tax, import and export, anti-corruption, data privacy and protection, and communications monitoring and interception. Compliance with these regulatory requirements may
be onerous and expensive, especially where these requirements are inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction or where the jurisdictional reach of certain requirements is not clearly defined or seeks to reach across national borders. Regulatory requirements in one jurisdiction may make it difficult or impossible to do business in another jurisdiction. We may also be unsuccessful in obtaining permits, licenses, or other authorizations required to operate our business, such as for the import or export of our products. While we have implemented policies and procedures designed to achieve compliance with these laws and regulations, we also cannot assure you that we or our personnel will not violate applicable laws and regulations or our policies regarding the same. Violations of these laws or regulations may harm our reputation and deter government agencies and other existing or potential customers or partners from purchasing our solutions. Furthermore, non-compliance with applicable U.S. and non-U.S. laws and regulations could also result in fines, damages, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business, and damage to our reputation.
Regulatory requirements, such as laws requiring telecommunications providers to facilitate the monitoring of communications by law enforcement, may also influence market demand for many of our products and/or customer requirements for specific functionality and performance or technical standards. The domestic and international regulatory environment is subject to constant change, often based on factors beyond our control or anticipation, including political climate, budgets, and current events, which could reduce demand for our products or require us to change or redesign products to maintain compliance or competitiveness.
Loss of security clearances or political factors may adversely affect our business.
Some of our subsidiaries maintain security clearances domestically and abroad in connection with the development, marketing, sale, and support of our Communications Intelligence solutions. These clearances are reviewed from time to time by these countries and could be deactivated, including for political reasons unrelated to the merits of our solutions, such as the list of countries we do business with or the fact that our local entity is controlled by or affiliated with an entity based in another country. If we lose our security clearances in a particular country, our business generated from government contracts may be materially adversely affected in that we would be unable to sell our Communications Intelligence solutions for secure projects in that country on a direct basis and might also experience greater challenges in selling such solutions even for non-secure projects in that country. Even if we are able to obtain and maintain applicable security clearances, government customers may decline to purchase our Communications Intelligence solutions if they were not developed or manufactured in that country or if they were developed or manufactured in other countries that are considered disfavored by such country. We may also experience negative publicity or other adverse impacts on our business if we sell our Communications Intelligence solutions to countries that are considered disfavored by the media or political or social rights organizations even though such transactions may be permissible under applicable law or if our reputation or relationship with government agencies is impaired.
Intellectual Property and Data/Systems Security
Our intellectual property may not be adequately protected.
While much of our intellectual property is protected by patents or patent applications, we have not and cannot protect all of our intellectual property with patents or other registrations. There can be no assurance that patents we have applied for will be issued on the basis of our patent applications or that, if such patents are issued, they will be sufficiently broad enough to protect our technologies, products, or services. There can be no assurance that we will file new patent, trademark, or copyright applications, that any future applications will be approved, that any existing or future patents, trademarks or copyrights will adequately protect our intellectual property or that any existing or future patents, trademarks, or copyrights will not be challenged by third parties. Our intellectual property rights may not be successfully asserted in the future or may be invalidated, designed around, or challenged.
In order to safeguard our unpatented proprietary know-how, source code, trade secrets, and technology, we rely primarily upon trade secret protection and non-disclosure provisions in agreements with employees and other third parties having access to our confidential information. There can be no assurance that these measures will adequately protect us from improper disclosure or misappropriation of our proprietary information.
Preventing unauthorized use or infringement of our intellectual property rights is difficult even in jurisdictions with well-established legal protections for intellectual property such as the United States. It may be even more difficult to protect our intellectual property in other jurisdictions where legal protections for intellectual property rights are less established. If we are unable to adequately protect our intellectual property against unauthorized third-party use or infringement, our competitive position could be adversely affected.
Our products may infringe or may be alleged to infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, which could lead
to costly disputes or disruptions for us and may require us to indemnify our customers and resellers for any damages they suffer.
The technology industry is characterized by frequent allegations of intellectual property infringement. In the past, third parties have asserted that certain of our products infringed upon their intellectual property rights and similar claims may be made in the future. Any allegation of infringement against us could be time consuming and expensive to defend or resolve, result in substantial diversion of management resources, cause product shipment delays, or force us to enter into royalty or license agreements. If patent holders or other holders of intellectual property initiate legal proceedings against us, either with respect to our own intellectual property or intellectual property we license from third parties, we may be forced into protracted and costly litigation, regardless of the merits of these claims. We may not be successful in defending such litigation, in part due to the complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties in intellectual property litigation, and may not be able to procure any required royalty or license agreements on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Third parties may also assert infringement claims against our customers. Subject to certain limitations, we generally indemnify our customers and resellers with respect to infringement by our products of the proprietary rights of third parties, which, in some cases, may not be limited to a specified maximum amount and for which we may not have sufficient insurance coverage or an adequate indemnification in the case of intellectual property licensed from a third party. If any of these claims succeed, we may be forced to pay damages, be required to obtain licenses for the products our customers or partners use, or incur significant expenses in developing non-infringing alternatives. If we cannot obtain all necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our customers may be forced to stop using or, in the case of resellers and other partners, stop selling our products.
Use of free or open source software could expose our products to unintended restrictions and could materially adversely affect our business.
Some of our products contain free or open source software (together, open source software) and we anticipate making use of open source software in the future. Open source software is generally covered by license agreements that permit the user to use, copy, modify, and distribute the software without cost, provided that the users and modifiers abide by certain licensing requirements. The original developers of the open source software generally provide no warranties on such software or protections in the event the open source software infringes a third party's intellectual property rights. Although we endeavor to monitor the use of open source software in our product development, we cannot assure you that past, present, or future products will not contain open source software elements that impose unfavorable licensing restrictions or other requirements on our products, including the need to seek licenses from third parties, to re-engineer affected products, to discontinue sales of affected products, or to release all or portions of the source code of affected products. Any of these developments could materially adversely affect our business.
The mishandling or the perception of mishandling of sensitive information could harm our business.
Our products are in some cases used by customers to compile and analyze highly sensitive or confidential information and data, including information or data used in intelligence gathering or law enforcement activities. While our customers' use of our products in no way affords us access to the customer's sensitive or confidential information or data, we or our partners may receive or come into contact with such information or data, including personally identifiable information, when we are asked to perform services or support functions for our customers. We or our partners may also receive or come into contact with such information or data in connection with our SaaS or other hosted or managed services offerings. We have implemented policies and procedures and use information technology systems to help ensure the proper handling of such information and data, including background screening of certain service personnel, non-disclosure agreements with employees and partners, access rules, and controls on our information technology systems. Customers are also increasingly focused on the security of our products and we work to ensure their security, including through the use of encryption, access rights, and other customary security features. However, these measures are designed to mitigate the risks associated with handling or processing sensitive data and cannot safeguard against all risks at all times. The improper handling of sensitive data, or even the perception of such mishandling (whether or not valid), or other security lapses by us or our partners or within our products, could reduce demand for our products or otherwise expose us to financial or reputational harm or legal liability.
We may be subject to information technology system failures or disruptions that could harm our operations, financial condition, or reputation.
We rely extensively on information technology systems to operate and manage our business and to process, maintain, and safeguard information, including information belonging to our customers, partners, and personnel. These systems may be subject to failures or disruptions as a result of, among other things, natural disasters, accidents, power disruptions, telecommunications failures, new system implementations, acts of terrorism or war, physical security breaches, computer viruses, or other cyber security attacks. We have experienced cyber security attacks in the past and may experience them in the
future, potentially with greater frequency. While we are continually working to maintain secure and reliable systems, our security, redundancy, and business continuity efforts may be ineffective or inadequate. We must continuously improve our design and coordination of security controls across our business groups and geographies. Despite our efforts, it is possible that our security controls and other procedures that we follow may not prevent systems failures or disruptions. Such system failures or disruptions could subject us to research and development or production downtimes, delays in our ability to process orders, delays in our ability to provide products and services to customers, including SaaS or other hosted or managed services offerings, delays or errors in financial reporting, compromise or loss of sensitive or confidential information or intellectual property, destruction or corruption of data, financial losses from remedial actions, liabilities to customers or other third parties, or damage to our reputation. Any of the foregoing could harm our competitive position, result in a loss of customer confidence, and materially and adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Finances and Capital Structure
Our future success depends on our ability to execute on our growth strategy and properly manage investment in our business and operations.
Our strategy is to continue to invest in, enhance, and secure our business and operations and grow, both organically and through acquisitions. Investments in, among other things, new markets, new products, solutions, and technologies, research and development, infrastructure and systems, geographic expansion, and headcount are critical to achieving our growth strategy. However, such investments and efforts may not be successful, especially in new markets in which we have little or no experience, and even if successful, may negatively impact our short-term profitability. Our success depends on our ability to effectively and efficiently execute on our growth strategy, including our ability to properly allocate limited investment dollars, balance the extent and timing of investments with the associated impact on expenses and profitability, capture efficiencies and economies of scale, and compete in the new markets and with the new solutions in which we have invested. If we are unable to effectively and efficiently execute on our growth strategy and properly manage our investments and expenditures, our results of operations and stock price may be materially adversely affected.
We may not be able to identify suitable targets for acquisition or investment, or complete acquisitions or investments, on terms acceptable to us, which could negatively impact our ability to implement our growth strategy.
As part of our growth strategy, we have made a number of acquisitions and investments and expect to continue to make acquisitions and investments in the future, subject to the terms of our credit agreement and other restrictions.
In many areas, we have seen the market for acquisitions become more competitive and valuations increase. In recent periods, several of our competitors have also completed acquisitions of companies in or adjacent to our markets. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to identify suitable acquisition or investment targets or to consummate acquisitions or investments once identified on acceptable terms or at all. If we are not able to execute on our acquisition strategy, we may not be able to achieve our growth strategy, may lose market share, or may lose our leadership position in one or more of our markets.
Our acquisition and investment activity presents certain risks to our business, operations and financial position.
Acquisitions or investments are an important part of our strategy. Successful execution following the closing of an acquisition or investment is paramount to achieving the anticipated benefits of the transaction. If we are unable to execute successfully, we may experience both a loss on the investment and damage to our legacy business and valuation.
The process of integrating an acquired company's business into our operations and investing in new technologies is challenging and may result in expected or unexpected operating or compliance challenges, which may require significant expenditures and a significant amount of our management's attention that would otherwise be focused on the ongoing operation of our business. The potential difficulties or risks of integrating an acquired company’s business include, among others:
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the effect of the acquisition on our financial and strategic positions and our reputation;
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risk that we fail to successfully implement our business plan for the combined business;
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risk that we are unable to obtain the anticipated benefits of the acquisition, including synergies or economies of scale;
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risk that the market does not accept the integrated product portfolio;
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challenges in reconciling business practices or in integrating product development activities, logistics, or information technology and other systems;
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retention risk with respect to key customers, suppliers, and employees;
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challenges in complying with newly applicable laws and regulations, including obtaining or retaining required approvals, licenses, and permits; and
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potential impact on our internal controls over financial reporting.
Acquisitions or investments may also result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, the expenditure of available cash, and amortization expenses or write-downs related to intangible assets such as goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results or financial condition. Investments in immature businesses with unproven track records and technologies have an especially high degree of risk, with the possibility that we may lose the value of our entire investments or incur additional unexpected liabilities. Transactions that are not immediately accretive to earnings may make it more difficult for us to maintain satisfactory profitability levels or compliance with the maximum leverage ratio covenant under the revolving credit facility under our credit agreement. Large or costly acquisitions or investments may also diminish our capital resources and liquidity or limit our ability to engage in additional transactions for a period of time.
All of the foregoing risks may be magnified as the cost, size, or complexity of an acquisition or acquired company increases, or where the acquired company’s products, market or business are materially different from ours. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in making additional acquisitions in the future or in integrating or executing on our business plan for existing or future acquisitions.
If our goodwill or other intangible assets become impaired, our financial condition and results of operations would be negatively affected.
Because we have historically acquired a significant number of companies, goodwill and other intangible assets have represented a substantial portion of our assets. Goodwill and other intangible assets totaled approximately $986 million, or approximately 56% of our total assets, as of January 31, 2014. In addition, we expended almost $600 million to acquire KANA and UTX in February 2014 and March 2014, respectively. Although the allocations of the respective purchase prices for the KANA and UTX acquisitions are still in process, at this time we anticipate that a significant portion of the purchase prices will be allocated to goodwill and other intangible assets. We test our goodwill for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if an event occurs indicating the potential for impairment, and we assess on an as-needed basis whether there have been impairments in our other intangible assets. We make assumptions and estimates in this assessment which are complex and often subjective. These assumptions and estimates can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy or our internal forecasts. To the extent that the factors described above change, we could be required to record additional non-cash impairment charges in the future. Any significant impairment charges would negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We may be adversely affected by our acquisition of CTI or our historical affiliation with CTI and its former subsidiaries.
As a result of the acquisition of our former parent company, CTI (the "CTI Merger"), CTI's liabilities, including contingent liabilities, have been consolidated into our financial statements. If CTI's liabilities are greater than represented, if the contingent liabilities we have assumed become fixed, or if there are obligations of CTI of which we were not aware at the time of completion of the CTI Merger, we may have exposure for those obligations and our business or financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. Adjustments to the CTI consolidated group's tax liability for periods prior to the CTI Merger could also affect the net operating losses ("NOLs") allocated to Verint as a result of the CTI Merger and cause us to incur additional tax liability in future periods.
As a result of our historical affiliation with CTI and other members of the historical CTI consolidated tax group, we could also become liable for taxes of other members of the CTI consolidated group for historical periods under certain circumstances and applicable tax law. Adjustments to the historical CTI consolidated group's tax liability for periods prior to Verint’s IPO could also affect the NOLs allocated to Verint in the IPO and cause us to incur additional tax liability in future periods.
We are entitled to certain rights to indemnification from Comverse in connection with the transactions contemplated by our agreement and plan of merger with CTI (the "CTI Merger Agreement") and the agreements entered into in connection with the distribution by CTI to its shareholders of substantially all of its assets other than its interest in us (the "Comverse share distribution"). However, there is no assurance that Comverse will be willing and able to provide such indemnification if needed. If we become responsible for liabilities (including tax liabilities) not covered by indemnification or substantially in excess of amounts covered by indemnification, or if Comverse becomes unwilling or unable to stand behind such protections, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Changes in our tax rates, the adoption of new U.S. or international tax legislation, inability to realize value from our NOLs, or exposure to additional tax liabilities could affect our future results.
We are subject to taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our future effective tax rates could be affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in valuation allowance on deferred tax assets (including our NOL carryforwards), changes in unrecognized tax benefits or changes in tax laws or their interpretation. Any of these changes could have a material adverse effect on our profitability. In addition, the tax authorities in the jurisdictions in which we operate, including the United States, may from time to time review the pricing arrangements between us and our foreign subsidiaries or among our foreign subsidiaries. An adverse determination by one or more tax authorities in this regard may have a material adverse effect on our financial results.
We have significant deferred tax assets which can provide us with significant future cash tax savings if we are able to use them. In addition, as a result of the CTI Merger, significant CTI NOLs have become available for use on our consolidated U.S. tax returns. However, the extent to which we will be able to use these NOLs may be impacted, restricted, or eliminated by a number of factors, including changes in tax rates, laws or regulations, whether we generate sufficient future taxable income, and possible adjustments to the tax attributes of CTI or its non-Verint subsidiaries for periods prior to the CTI Merger. To the extent that we are unable to utilize our NOLs or other losses, our results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. When we cease to have NOLs available to us in a particular tax jurisdiction, either through their expiration, disallowance, or utilization, our cash tax liability will increase in that jurisdiction.
Our international operations subject us to currency exchange risk.
Most of our revenue is denominated in U.S. dollars, while a significant portion of our operating expenses, primarily labor expenses, is denominated in the local currencies where our foreign operations are located, principally Israel, the United Kingdom, Germany and certain other European countries whose functional currency is the euro, Singapore, Brazil, and Australia. As a result, we are exposed to the risk that fluctuations in the value of these currencies relative to the U.S. dollar could increase the U.S. dollar cost of our operations in these countries, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, because a portion of our sales are made in foreign currencies, primarily the Singapore dollar, euro and the British pound, fluctuations in the value of these currencies relative to the U.S. dollar could impact our revenue (on a U.S. dollar basis) and materially adversely affect our results of operations. We attempt to mitigate a portion of these risks through foreign currency hedging, based on our judgment of the appropriate trade-offs among risk, opportunity and expense, however, our hedging activities are limited in scope and duration and may not be effective at reducing the U.S. dollar cost of our global operations.
We have a significant amount of debt under our credit agreement, which exposes us to leverage risks and subjects us to covenants which may adversely affect our operations.
At March 15, 2014, we had total outstanding indebtedness of approximately $1.0 billion under our credit agreement, meaning that we are significantly leveraged. Our leverage position may, among other things:
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limit our ability to obtain additional debt financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, or other general corporate purposes;
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require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to debt service, reducing the availability of our cash flow for other purposes;
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require us to repatriate cash for debt service from our foreign subsidiaries resulting in dividend tax costs or require us to adopt other disadvantageous tax structures to accommodate debt service payments; or
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increase our vulnerability to economic downturns, limit our ability to capitalize on significant business opportunities, and restrict our flexibility to react to changes in market or industry conditions.
In addition, because our indebtedness bears interest at a variable rate, we are exposed to risk from fluctuations in interest rates in periods where market rates exceed the interest rate floor provided by our credit agreement.
The revolving credit facility under our credit agreement contains a financial covenant that requires us to maintain a maximum consolidated leverage ratio. Our ability to comply with the leverage ratio covenant is dependent upon our ability to continue to generate sufficient earnings each quarter, or in the alternative, to reduce expenses and/or reduce the level of our outstanding debt and we cannot assure that we will be successful in any or all of these regards.
Our credit agreement also includes a number of restrictive covenants which limit our ability to, among other things:
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incur additional indebtedness or liens or issue preferred stock;
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pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem our stock or subordinated indebtedness;
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engage in transactions with affiliates;
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engage in sale-leaseback transactions;
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sell certain assets;
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change our lines of business;
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make investments, loans, or advances; and
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engage in consolidations, mergers, liquidations, or dissolutions.
These covenants could limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions, to meet our capital needs, or to otherwise engage in transactions that might be considered beneficial to us. Additionally, under any change of control, as defined in our credit agreement, the lenders under our credit facilities would have the right to require us to repay all of our outstanding obligations under the facilities.
If certain events of default occur under our credit agreement, our lenders could declare all amounts outstanding to be immediately due and payable. In that event, we may be forced to seek an amendment of and/or waiver under the credit agreement, raise additional capital through securities offerings, asset sales, or other transactions, or seek to refinance or restructure our debt. In such a case, there can be no assurance that we will be able to consummate such an amendment and/or waiver, capital raising transaction, refinancing, or restructuring on reasonable terms or at all.
We consider other financing and refinancing options from time to time, however, we cannot assure you that such options will be available to us on reasonable terms or at all. If one or more rating agencies were to downgrade our credit ratings, that could also impede our ability to refinance our existing debt or secure new debt, increase our future cost of borrowing, and create third-party concerns about our financial condition or results of operations.
Our internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent misstatements and material weaknesses or deficiencies could arise in the future which could lead to restatements or filing delays.
Our system of internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect every misstatement. An evaluation of effectiveness is subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, because the degree of compliance with policies or procedures decreases over time, or because of unanticipated circumstances or other factors. As a result, although our management has concluded that our internal controls are effective as of January 31, 2014, we cannot assure you that our internal controls will prevent or detect every misstatement, that material weaknesses or other deficiencies will not occur or be identified in the future, that this or future financial reports will not contain material misstatements or omissions, that future restatements will not be required, or that we will be able to timely comply with our reporting obligations in the future.
Our stock price has been volatile and your investment could lose value.
All of the risk factors discussed in this section could affect our stock price. The timing of announcements in the public market regarding new products, product enhancements or technological advances by our competitors or us, and any announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, major transactions, or management changes could also affect our stock price. Our stock price is subject to speculation in the press and the analyst community, including with respect to changes in recommendations or earnings estimates by financial analysts, changes in investors' or analysts' valuation measures for our stock, our credit ratings and market trends unrelated to our performance. Stock sales by our directors, officers, or other significant holders may also affect our stock price. A significant drop in our stock price could also expose us to the risk of securities class actions lawsuits, which could result in substantial costs and divert management's attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business.
Item 1B.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2.
Item 2. Properties
The following describes our material properties as of the date of this report, which include the properties that we acquired as a result of the KANA Merger.
We lease a total of approximately 759,000 square feet of office space covering approximately 50 offices around the world and we own an aggregate of approximately 89,000 square feet of office space at three sites in Scotland, Germany, and Indonesia. On December 19, 2013, we sold our Durango, Colorado property, which represented approximately 40,000 square feet of owned office space, to an unaffiliated third party.
Other than as described below, these properties are comprised of small and mid-sized facilities that are used to support our administrative, marketing, manufacturing, product development, sales, training, support, and services needs for our three operating segments.
Our corporate headquarters are located in a leased facility in Melville, New York, and consist of approximately 45,800 square feet under a lease that expires in November 2015. The Melville facility is used primarily by our executive management and corporate groups, including finance, legal and human resources, as well as for customer support and services for our Enterprise Intelligence operations.
We lease approximately 132,700 square feet at a facility in Alpharetta, Georgia under a lease that expires in September 2026. The Alpharetta facility is used primarily by the administrative, marketing, product development, support, and sales groups for our Enterprise Intelligence operations.
We also occupy approximately 176,000 square feet at a facility in Herzliya, Israel under a lease that expires in October 2015. This Herzliya facility is used primarily for manufacturing, storage, development, sales, marketing, and support related to our Communications Intelligence operations, as well as for product development related to our Enterprise Intelligence and Video Intelligence operations.
For additional information regarding our lease obligations, see Note 17, "Commitments and Contingencies" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
We believe that our leased and owned facilities are in good operating condition and are adequate for our current requirements, although growth in our business may require us to acquire additional facilities or modify existing facilities. We believe that alternative locations are available in all areas where we currently do business.
Item 3.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
On March 26, 2009, legal actions were commenced by Ms. Orit Deutsch, a former employee of our subsidiary, Verint Systems Limited ("VSL"), against VSL in the Tel Aviv Regional Labor Court (Case Number 4186/09) (the “Deutsch Labor Action”) and against CTI in the Tel Aviv Regional District Court (Case Number 1335/09) (the “Deutsch District Action”). In the Deutsch Labor Action, Ms. Deutsch filed a motion to approve a class action lawsuit on the grounds that she purports to represent a class of our employees and former employees who were granted Verint and CTI stock options and were allegedly damaged as a result of the suspension of option exercises during our previous extended filing delay period. In the Deutsch District Action, in addition to a small amount of individual damages, Ms. Deutsch is seeking to certify a class of plaintiffs who were allegedly damaged due to their inability to exercise Verint and CTI stock options as a result of alleged negligence by CTI in its financial reporting. The class certification motions do not specify an amount of damages. On February 8, 2010, the Deutsch Labor Action was dismissed for lack of material jurisdiction and was transferred to the Tel Aviv Regional District Court and consolidated with the Deutsch District Action. On March 16, 2009 and March 26, 2009, respectively, legal actions were commenced by Ms. Roni Katriel, a former employee of CTI's former subsidiary, Comverse Limited, against Comverse Limited in the Tel Aviv Regional Labor Court (Case Number 3444/09) (the “Katriel Labor Action”) and against CTI in the Tel Aviv Regional District Court (Case Number 1334/09) (the “Katriel District Action”). In the Katriel Labor Action, Ms. Katriel is seeking to certify a class of plaintiffs who were granted CTI stock options and were allegedly damaged as a result of the suspension of option exercises during CTI's previous extended filing delay period. In the Katriel District Action, in addition to a small amount of individual damages, Ms. Katriel is seeking to certify a class of plaintiffs who were allegedly damaged due to
their inability to exercise CTI stock options as a result of alleged negligence by CTI in its financial reporting. The class certification motions do not specify an amount of damages. On March 2, 2010, the Labor Court ordered the transfer of the case to the District Court in Tel Aviv - Jaffa, based on an agreed motion filed by the parties requesting such transfer.
On April 4, 2012, Ms. Deutsch and Ms. Katriel filed an uncontested motion to consolidate and amend their claims and on June 7, 2012, the court allowed Ms. Deutsch and Ms. Katriel to file the consolidated class certification motion and an amended consolidated complaint against VSL, CTI, and Comverse Limited. Following CTI's announcement of its intention to effect the Comverse share distribution, on July 12, 2012, the plaintiffs filed a motion requesting that the District Court order CTI to set aside up to $150 million in assets to secure any future judgment. The District Court ruled that it would not decide this motion until the Deutsch and Katriel class certification motion was heard. On August 16, 2012, in light of the announcement of the signing of the CTI Merger Agreement, the plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to appeal this District Court ruling to the Israeli Supreme Court. We filed our response to this motion on September 6, 2012.
Prior to the consummation of the Comverse share distribution, CTI either sold or transferred substantially all of its business operations and assets (other than its equity ownership interests in us and Comverse) to Comverse or unaffiliated third parties. On October 31, 2012, CTI completed the Comverse share distribution, in which it distributed all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Comverse to CTI's shareholders. As a result of the Comverse share distribution, Comverse became an independent public company and ceased to be a wholly owned subsidiary of CTI, and CTI ceased to have any material assets other than its equity interest in us.
We and the other defendants filed our responses to the complaint on November 11, 2012 and plaintiffs filed their replies on December 20, 2012. A pre-trial hearing for the case was held on December 25, 2012, during which all parties agreed to attempt to settle the dispute through mediation.
On February 4, 2013, we completed the CTI Merger. As a result of the CTI Merger, we have assumed certain rights and liabilities of CTI, including any liability of CTI arising out of the Deutsch District Action and the Katriel District Action. However, under the terms of the Distribution Agreement between CTI and Comverse relating to the Comverse share distribution, we, as successor to CTI, are entitled to indemnification from Comverse for any losses we suffer in our capacity as successor-in-interest to CTI in connection with the Deutsch District Action and the Katriel District Action.
On February 28, 2013, the mediation process began and, as of the date of this report, remains ongoing.
From time to time we or our subsidiaries may be involved in legal proceedings and/or litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business. While the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the outcome of any current claims will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Item 4.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "VRNT".
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
Holders
There were 3,565 holders of record of our common stock at March 14, 2014. Such record holders include holders who are nominees for an undetermined number of beneficial owners.
Dividends
We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our equity securities and have no current plans to pay any dividends on our equity securities. We intend to retain our earnings to finance the development of our business, repay debt, and for other corporate purposes. In addition, the terms of our credit agreement restrict our ability to pay cash dividends on shares of our common stock. See "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Liquidity and Capital Resources" included under Item 7 of this report and Note 7, "Long-Term Debt" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report for a more detailed discussion of these limitations.
Any future determination as to the payment of dividends on our common stock will be made by our board of directors at its discretion, subject to the limitations contained in the credit agreement and will depend upon our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, and other relevant factors.
Stock Performance Graph
The following table compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return on the NASDAQ Composite Index and the NASDAQ Computer & Data Processing Services Index, assuming an investment of $100 on January 31, 2009 through January 31, 2014, and the reinvestment of any dividends. The comparisons in the graph below are based upon (i) closing sale prices on NASDAQ for our common stock from July 6, 2010 through January 31, 2014 and (ii) the closing bid quotations on the over-the-counter securities market (as reported by the Pink Sheets) for periods prior to July 6, 2010. This data is not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, future performance of our common stock.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
None.
Item 6.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following selected consolidated financial data has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The data below should be read in conjunction with "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" under Item 7
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with "Business" under Item 1, "Selected Financial Data" under Item 6, and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included under Item 8 of this report. This discussion contains a number of forward-looking statements, all of which are based on our current expectations and all of which could be affected by uncertainties and risks. Our actual results may differ materially from the results contemplated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors including, but not limited to, those described in "Risk Factors" under Item 1A.
Overview
Our Business
Verint is a global leader in Actionable Intelligence solutions. Actionable Intelligence is a necessity in a dynamic world of massive information growth because it empowers organizations with crucial insights and enables decision makers to anticipate, respond, and take action. With Verint solutions and value-added services, organizations of all sizes and across many industries can make more timely and effective decisions. Today, more than 10,000 organizations in over 180 countries, including over 80 percent of the Fortune 100, use Verint solutions to improve enterprise performance and make the world a safer place.
Our Actionable Intelligence solutions help organizations address three important challenges: Customer Engagement Optimization; Security Intelligence; and Fraud, Risk, and Compliance. We help our customers capture large amounts of information from numerous data types and sources, use analytics to glean insights from the information, and leverage the resulting Actionable Intelligence to help achieve their customer engagement, enhanced security, and risk mitigation goals.
Headquartered in Melville, New York, we support our customers around the globe directly and with an extensive network of selling and support partners.
We conduct our business through three operating segments-Enterprise Intelligence, Communications and Cyber Intelligence, and Video and Situation Intelligence. Organizing our business through three operating segments allows us to align our resources and domain expertise to effectively address the Actionable Intelligence market. We address the Customer Engagement Optimization market opportunity through solutions from our Enterprise Intelligence segment. We address the Security Intelligence market opportunity through solutions from our Communications and Cyber Intelligence segment and Video and Situation Intelligence segment, and we address the Fraud, Risk, and Compliance market opportunity through solutions from all three operating segments.
For the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, our Enterprise Intelligence segment represented approximately 55%, 59%, and 56% of our total revenue, respectively. For the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, our Communications and Cyber Intelligence segment represented approximately 32%, 27%, and 26% of our total revenue, respectively. For the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, our Video and Situation Intelligence segment represented approximately 13%, 14%, and 18% of our total revenue, respectively.
Generally, we make business decisions by evaluating the risks and rewards of the opportunities available to us in the markets served by each of our segments. We view each operating segment differently and allocate capital, personnel, resources, and management attention accordingly. In reviewing each operating segment, we also review the performance of that segment by geography. Our marketing and sales strategies, expansion opportunities, and product offerings may differ materially within a particular segment geographically, as may our allocation of resources between segments. When making decisions regarding investment in our business, increasing capital expenditures, or making other decisions that may reduce our profitability, we also consider the leverage ratio in our revolving credit facility. See "- Liquidity and Capital Resources" for more information.
Key Trends and Factors That May Impact our Performance
We believe that there are many factors that affect our ability to sustain and increase both revenue and profitability, including:
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Market acceptance of Actionable Intelligence solutions. We compete in markets where the value of certain aspects of our products and solutions is still in the process of market acceptance. We believe that our future growth depends in part on the continued and increasing acceptance and realization of the value of our product offerings.
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Technological change. Our success depends in part on our ability to keep pace with technological changes and evolving industry standards in our product offerings and to successfully develop, launch, and drive demand for new and enhanced, innovative, high-quality solutions that meet or exceed customer needs.
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Information technology spending. Our growth and results depend in part on general economic conditions and the pace of information technology spending by both commercial and governmental customers.
See also "Risk Factors" under Item 1A of this report for a more complete description of these and other risks that may impact future revenue and profitability.
Recent Developments
On February 3, 2014, we completed the acquisition of KANA through the merger of KANA Software, Inc.'s parent holding company, Kay Technology Holdings, Inc. with an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of ours, with Kay Technology Holdings, Inc. continuing as the surviving company and as our wholly owned subsidiary. The purchase price consisted of $542.4 million of cash paid at the closing, partially offset by $28.2 million of KANA’s cash received in the acquisition, resulting in net cash consideration of $514.2 million.
The acquisition was funded through a combination of cash on hand, $300.0 million of incremental term loans incurred in connection with an amendment to our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, and $125.0 million of borrowings under our existing revolving credit facility.
KANA, based in Sunnyvale, California and with global operations, is a leading provider of on-premises and cloud-based solutions which create differentiated, personalized, and integrated customer experiences for large enterprises and mid-market organizations. KANA will be integrated into our Enterprise Intelligence operating segment.
On March 31, 2014, we completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of UTX, a provider of certain mobile device tracking solutions for security applications, from UTX Limited. UTX Limited was our supplier of these products to our Communications Intelligence operating segment prior to the transaction. The purchase price consisted of $82.9 million of cash paid at closing, subject to adjustment, and we agreed to make potential additional future cash payments to UTX Limited of up to $1.5 million, contingent upon the achievement of certain performance targets over the period from closing through June 30, 2014. The cash paid at closing was funded with cash on hand. UTX is based in the EMEA region.
Further details regarding the acquisition of KANA and the associated additional long-term debt, and the acquisition of UTX, appear in Note 19, "Subsequent Events" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
Our Previous Extended Filing Delay Period and Related Matters
From March 2006 through March 2010, we did not make periodic filings with the SEC. This extended filing delay arose as a result of certain internal and external investigations and reviews of accounting matters discussed in our prior public filings. In connection with the foregoing and related matters, we incurred approximately $137 million of professional fees and related expenses during the four years ended January 31, 2011.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
An appreciation of our critical accounting policies is necessary to understand our financial results. The accounting policies outlined below are considered to be critical because they can materially affect our operating results and financial condition, as these policies may require us to make difficult and subjective judgments regarding uncertainties. The accuracy of these estimates and the likelihood of future changes depend on a range of possible outcomes and a number of underlying variables, many of which are beyond our control, and there can be no assurance that our estimates are accurate.
Revenue Recognition
Our revenue recognition policy is a critical component of determining our operating results and is based on a complex set of accounting rules that require us to make significant judgments and estimates. We derive and report our revenue in two categories: (a) product revenue, including sale of hardware products (which include software that works together with the hardware to deliver the product's essential functionality) and licensing of software products, and (b) service and support revenue, including revenue from installation services, post-contract customer support ("PCS"), project management, hosting services, SaaS, product warranties, consulting and training services. Our customer arrangements may include any combination of these elements. We follow the appropriate revenue recognition rules for each of these revenue streams. For additional information, see Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report. Revenue recognition for a particular arrangement is dependent upon such factors as the level of customization within the solution and the contractual delivery, acceptance, payment, and support terms with the customer. Significant judgment is required to conclude on each of these factors, and if we were to change any of these assumptions or judgments, it could cause a material increase or decrease in the amount of revenue that we report in a particular period.
We generally consider a purchase order or executed sales quote, when combined with a master license agreement, to constitute evidence of an arrangement. Delivery occurs when the product is shipped or transmitted and title and risk of loss have transferred to the customers. Our typical customer arrangements do not include substantive product acceptance provisions; however, if such provisions are provided, delivery is deemed to occur upon acceptance. We consider the fee to be fixed or determinable unless the fee is subject to refund or adjustment or is not payable within our standard payment terms. If the fee due from a customer is not fixed or determinable due to extended payment terms, revenue is recognized when payment becomes due or upon cash receipt, whichever is earlier.
Our multiple-element arrangements consist of a combination of our product and service offerings that may be delivered at various points in time. For arrangements within the scope of the multiple-deliverable guidance, a deliverable constitutes a separate unit of accounting when it has stand-alone value and there are no customer-negotiated refunds or return rights for the delivered elements. For multiple-element arrangements comprised only of tangible products containing software components and non-software components and related services, we allocate revenue to each element in an arrangement based on a selling price hierarchy. The selling price for a deliverable is based on its vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), if available, third-party evidence (“TPE”), if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price (“ESP”), if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. The total transaction revenue is allocated to the multiple elements based on each element's relative selling price compared to the total selling price.
We account for multiple-element arrangements that contain only software and software-related elements by allocating a portion of the total purchase price to the undelivered elements, primarily installation services, PCS, consulting, and training, using VSOE of fair value of the undelivered elements. The remaining portion of the total transaction value is allocated to the delivered software, referred to as the residual method. If we are unable to establish VSOE for the undelivered elements of the arrangement, revenue recognition is deferred for the entire arrangement until all elements of the arrangement are delivered. However, if the only undelivered element is PCS, we recognize the arrangement fee ratably over the PCS period.
For multiple-element arrangements that are comprised of a combination of hardware and software elements, the total transaction value is bifurcated between the hardware elements and the software elements that are not essential to the functionality of the hardware, based on the relative selling prices of the hardware elements and the software elements as a group. Revenue is then recognized for the hardware and hardware-related services following the hardware revenue recognition
methodology outlined above and revenue for the software and software-related services is recognized following the residual method or ratably over the PCS period if VSOE for PCS does not exist.
Our policy for establishing VSOE for installation, consulting, and training is based upon an analysis of separate sales of services. We utilize either the substantive renewal rate approach or the bell-shaped curve approach to establish VSOE for our PCS offerings, depending upon the business segment, geographical region, or product line. The timing of revenue recognition on software licenses and other revenue could be significantly impacted if we are unable to maintain VSOE on one or more undelivered elements during any quarterly period. Loss of VSOE could result in (i) the complete deferral of all revenue or (ii) ratable recognition of all revenue under a customer arrangement until such time as VSOE is re-established. If we are unable to re-establish VSOE on one or more undelivered elements for an extended period of time it would impact our ability to accurately forecast the timing of quarterly revenue, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We typically are not able to determine TPE for our products or our service and support offerings. TPE of selling price is established by evaluating largely similar and interchangeable competitor products or services in stand-alone sales to similarly situated customers.
If we are unable to determine the selling price because VSOE or TPE does not exist, we determine ESP for the purposes of allocating the arrangement by considering several external and internal factors including, but not limited to, pricing practices, similar product offerings, margin objectives, geographies in which we offer our products and services, internal costs, competition, and product lifecycle. The determination of ESP is made through consultation with and approval by our management, taking into consideration our go-to-market strategies. We have established processes to update ESP for each element, when appropriate, to ensure that it reflects recent pricing experience.
PCS revenue is derived from providing technical software support services and unspecified software updates and upgrades to customers on a when-and-if-available basis. PCS revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance period which, in most cases, is one year. When PCS is included within a multiple-element arrangement, we utilize either the substantive renewal rate approach or the bell-shaped curve approach to establish VSOE of the PCS, depending upon the business operating segment, geographical region, or product line.
Under the substantive renewal rate approach, we believe it is necessary to evaluate whether both the support renewal rate and term are substantive, and whether the renewal rate is being consistently applied to subsequent renewals for a particular customer. We establish VSOE under this approach through analyzing the renewal rate stated in the customer agreement and determining whether that rate is above the minimum substantive VSOE renewal rate established for that particular PCS offering. The minimum substantive VSOE rate is determined based upon an analysis of renewal rates associated with historical PCS contracts. Typically, renewal rates of 15% for PCS plans that provide when-and-if-available upgrades, and 10% for plans that do not provide for when-and-if-available upgrades, would be deemed to be minimum substantive renewal rates. For contracts that do not contain a stated renewal rate, revenue associated with the entire bundled arrangement is recognized ratably over the PCS term. Contracts that have a renewal rate below the minimum substantive VSOE rate are deemed to contain a more than insignificant discount element, for which VSOE cannot be established. We recognize revenue for these arrangements over the period that the customer is entitled to renew their PCS at the discounted rate, but not to exceed the estimated economic life of the product.
Under the bell-shaped curve approach of establishing VSOE, we perform a VSOE compliance test to ensure that a substantial majority (75% or over) of our actual PCS renewals are within a narrow range of plus or minus 15% of the median pricing.
Some of our arrangements require significant customization of the product to meet the particular requirements of the customer. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized under contract accounting methods, typically using the percentage of completion ("POC") method. Under the POC method, revenue recognition is generally based upon the ratio of hours incurred to date to the total estimated hours required to complete the contract. Profit estimates on long-term contracts are revised periodically based on changes in circumstances, and any losses on contracts are recognized in the period that such losses become evident. Generally, the terms of long-term contracts provide for progress billings based on completion of milestones or other defined phases of work. Significant judgment is often required when estimating total hours and progress to completion on these arrangements, as well as whether a loss is expected to be incurred on the contract due to several factors including the degree of customization required and the customer's existing environment. We use historical experience, project plans, and an assessment of the risks and uncertainties inherent in the arrangement to establish these estimates. Uncertainties in these arrangements include implementation delays or performance issues that may or may not be within our control.
Our SaaS offerings generally provide customers access to certain of our software within a cloud-based information technology environment that we manage and offer to customers on a subscription basis. We recognize revenue for subscription and related support services over the contract period originating when the subscription service is made available to the customer and the contractual hosting period has commenced.
We extend customary trade payment terms to our customers in the normal course of conducting business. To assess the probability of collection for purposes of revenue recognition, we have established credit policies that establish prudent credit limits for our customers. These credit limits are based upon our risk assessment of the customer's ability to pay, their payment history, geographic risk, and other factors, and are not contingent upon the resale of the product or upon the collection of payments from their customers. These credit limits are reviewed and revised periodically on the basis of updated customer financial statement information, payment performance, and other factors. When a customer is not deemed creditworthy, revenue is recognized when payment is received.
We record provisions for estimated product returns in the same period in which the associated revenue is recognized. We base these estimates of product returns upon historical levels of sales returns and other known factors. Actual product returns could be different from our estimates and current or future provisions for product returns may differ from historical provisions. Concessions granted to customers are recorded as reductions to revenue in the period in which they were granted and have been minimal in both amount and frequency.
Product revenue derived from shipments to resellers and OEMs who purchase our products for resale are generally recognized when such products are shipped (on a "sell-in" basis) since we do not expect our resellers or OEMs to carry inventory of our products. This policy is predicated on our ability to estimate sales returns as well as other criteria regarding these customers. We are also required to evaluate whether our resellers and OEMs have the ability to honor their commitment to make fixed or determinable payments regardless of whether they collect payment from their customers. In this regard, we assess whether our resellers and OEMs are new, poorly capitalized, or experiencing financial difficulty, and whether they have a pattern of not paying as amounts become due on previous arrangements or seeking payment terms longer than those provided to end customers. If we were to change any of these assumptions or judgments, it could cause a material change to the revenue reported in a particular period. We have historically experienced insignificant product returns from resellers and OEMs, and our payment terms for these customers are similar to those granted to our end-users. Our policy also presumes that we have no significant performance obligations in connection with the sale of our products by our resellers and OEMs to their customers. If a reseller or OEM develops a pattern of payment delinquency, or seeks payment terms longer than generally granted to our resellers or OEMs, we defer the recognition of revenue from transactions with that reseller or OEM until the receipt of cash.
Multiple contracts with a single counterparty executed within close proximity of each other are evaluated to determine if the contracts should be combined and accounted for as a single arrangement. We record reimbursements from customers for out-of-pocket expenses as revenue. Shipping and handling fees and expenses that are billed to customers are recognized in revenue and the costs associated with such fees and expenses are recorded in cost of revenue. Historically, these fees and expenses have not been material. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities are excluded from revenue.
For multiple-element arrangements that contain software and software related elements for which we are unable to establish VSOE of one or more elements, we use various available indicators of fair value and apply our best judgment to reasonably classify the arrangement's revenue into product revenue and service revenue for financial reporting purposes.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We estimate the collectability of our accounts receivable balances each accounting period and adjust our allowance for doubtful accounts accordingly. We exercise a considerable amount of judgment in assessing the collectability of accounts receivable, including consideration of the creditworthiness of each customer, their collection history, and the related aging of past due accounts receivable balances. We evaluate specific accounts when we learn that a customer may be experiencing a deterioration of its financial condition due to lower credit ratings, bankruptcy, or other factors that may affect its ability to render payment.
Accounting for Business Combinations
We allocate the purchase price of acquired companies to the tangible and intangible assets acquired, including in-process research and development assets, and liabilities assumed, based upon their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. These fair values are typically estimated with assistance from independent valuation specialists. The purchase price allocation process requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date with respect to intangible assets, contractual support obligations assumed, and pre-acquisition contingencies.
Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made in the past have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain.
Examples of critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets we have acquired or may acquire in the future include but are not limited to:
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future expected cash flows from software license sales, support agreements, consulting contracts, other customer contracts, and acquired developed technologies;
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expected costs to develop in-process research and development into commercially viable products and estimated cash flows from the projects when completed;
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the acquired company’s brand and competitive position, as well as assumptions about the period of time the acquired brand will continue to be used in the combined company’s product portfolio;
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cost of capital and discount rates; and
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estimating the useful lives of acquired assets as well as the pattern or manner in which the assets will amortize.
In connection with the purchase price allocations for applicable acquisitions, we estimate the fair value of the contractual support obligations we are assuming from the acquired business. The estimated fair value of the support obligations is determined utilizing a cost build-up approach, which determines fair value by estimating the costs related to fulfilling the obligations plus a reasonable profit margin. The estimated costs to fulfill the support obligations are based on the historical direct costs related to providing the support services. The sum of these costs and operating profit represents an approximation of the amount that we would be required to pay a third party to assume the support obligations.
Impairment of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level, which can be an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, on an annual basis as of November 1, or more frequently if changes in facts and circumstances indicate that impairment in the value of goodwill may exist. As of January 31, 2014, our reporting units are consistent with our operating segments identified in Note 18, "Segment, Geographic, and Significant Customer Information" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
We review goodwill for impairment utilizing either a qualitative assessment or a two-step process. If we decide that it is appropriate to perform a qualitative assessment and conclude that the fair value of a reporting unit more likely than not exceeds its carrying value, no further evaluation is necessary. For reporting units where we perform the two-step process, the first step requires us to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit and compare that fair value to the respective carrying value, which includes goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill is not considered impaired and no further evaluation is necessary. If the carrying value is higher than the estimated fair value, there is an indication that impairment may exist and the second step is required. In the second step, the implied fair value of goodwill is calculated as the excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the fair values assigned to its assets and liabilities. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill, the difference is recognized as an impairment charge.
For reporting units where we decide to perform a qualitative assessment, we assess and make judgments regarding a variety of factors which potentially impact the fair value of a reporting unit, including general economic conditions, industry and market-specific conditions, customer behavior, cost factors, our financial performance and trends, our strategies and business plans, capital requirements, management and personnel issues, and our stock price, among others. We then consider the totality of these and other factors, placing more weight on the events and circumstances that are judged to most affect a reporting unit’s fair value or the carrying amount of its net assets, to reach a qualitative conclusion regarding whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount.
For reporting units where we perform the two-step process, we utilize some or all of three primary approaches to assess fair value: (a) an income-based approach, using projected discounted cash flows, (b) a market-based approach, using multiples of comparable companies, and (c) a transaction-based approach, using multiples for recent acquisitions of similar businesses made in the marketplace.
Our estimate of fair value of each reporting unit is based on a number of subjective factors, including: (a) appropriate consideration of valuation approaches (income approach, comparable public company approach, and comparable transaction approach), (b) estimates of future growth rates, (c) estimates of our future cost structure, (d) discount rates for our estimated cash flows, (e) selection of peer group companies for the comparable public company and the comparable transaction approaches, (f) required levels of working capital, (g) assumed terminal value, and (h) time horizon of cash flow forecasts.
The determination of reporting units also requires judgment. We assess whether a reporting unit exists within a reportable segment by identifying the unit, determining whether the unit qualifies as a business under GAAP, and assessing the availability and regular review by segment management of discrete financial information for the unit.
We review intangible assets that have finite useful lives and other long-lived assets when an event occurs indicating the potential for impairment. If any indicators are present, we perform a recoverability test by comparing the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the assets in question to their carrying amounts. If the undiscounted cash flows used in the test for recoverability are less than the long-lived assets carrying amount, we determine the fair value of the long-lived asset and recognize an impairment loss if the carrying amount of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. The impairment loss recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value.
For all of our goodwill and other intangible asset impairment reviews, the assumptions and estimates used in the process are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy or our internal forecasts. Although we believe the assumptions, judgments, and estimates we have used in our assessments are reasonable and appropriate, a material change in any of our assumptions or external factors could lead to future goodwill or other intangible asset impairment charges.
Based upon our November 1, 2013 goodwill impairment reviews, we concluded that the estimated fair values of our Enterprise Intelligence and Communications Intelligence reporting units significantly exceeded their carrying values. Our Enterprise Intelligence and Communications Intelligence reporting units carried goodwill of $764.8 million and $47.8 million, respectively, at January 31, 2014. The estimated fair value of our Video Intelligence reporting unit was approximately 30% greater than its carrying value, which included $40.6 million of goodwill at January 31, 2014, and we have therefore concluded that this reporting unit is at more than remote risk of failing step one of future goodwill impairment tests, and is therefore at risk of future impairment in the event of significant unfavorable changes in the assumptions used in our impairment review, including the weighted average cost of capital (discount rate) and growth rates utilized in our discounted cash flow analysis. Although we believe that our current estimates are reasonable and appropriate, our Video Intelligence reporting unit competes in a challenging environment and there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of our goodwill impairment test will prove to be accurate predictions of future performance. Delays or declines in spending to install, upgrade or maintain security intelligence systems, technological changes, new competitors, or changes in buying patterns from key customers are examples of circumstances that could adversely impact the fair value of our Video Intelligence reporting unit.
We did not record any impairments of goodwill for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 or 2012.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method which includes the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in our consolidated financial statements. Under this approach, deferred taxes are recorded for the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. The provision for income taxes represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus deferred taxes. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial statement and tax bases of our assets and liabilities, and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. The effects of future changes in income tax laws or rates are not anticipated.
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. The calculation of our tax provision involves the application of complex tax laws and requires significant judgment and estimates.
We evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets for each jurisdiction in which we operate at each reporting date, and we establish a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income of the same character and in the same jurisdiction. We consider all available positive and negative evidence in making this assessment, including, but not limited to, the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning
strategies. In circumstances where there is sufficient negative evidence indicating that our deferred tax assets are not more likely than not realizable, we establish a valuation allowance.
We use a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by assessing whether they are more likely than not sustainable, based solely on their technical merits, upon examination, and including resolution of any related appeals or litigation process. The second step is to measure the associated tax benefit of each position as the largest amount that we believe is more likely than not realizable. Differences between the amount of tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in our income tax returns and the amount of tax benefits recognized in our financial statements represent our unrecognized income tax benefits, which we either record as a liability or as a reduction of deferred tax assets. Our policy is to include interest (expense and/or income) and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits as a component of the provision for income taxes.
Contingencies
We recognize an estimated loss from a claim or loss contingency when and if information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Accounting for claims and contingencies requires the use of significant judgment and estimates. One notable potential source of loss contingencies is pending or threatened litigation. Legal counsel and other advisors and experts are consulted on issues related to litigation as well as on matters related to contingencies occurring in the ordinary course of business.
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
We recognize the cost of employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award.
During the three-year period ended January 31, 2014, restricted stock units were our predominant stock-based payment award. The fair value of these awards is equivalent to the market value of our common stock on the grant date. We have also occasionally awarded stock options, the fair value of which is estimated on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for this purpose, which requires the input of significant assumptions including an estimate of the average period of time employees will retain stock options before exercising them, the estimated volatility of our common stock price over the expected term, the number of options that will ultimately be forfeited before completing vesting requirements, and the risk-free interest rate.
We periodically award restricted stock units that vest upon the achievement of specified performance goals. Our estimate of the fair value of these performance-based awards requires an assessment of the probability that the specified performance criteria will be achieved. At each reporting date, we update our assessment of the probability that the specified performance criteria will be achieved and adjust our estimate of the fair value of the award, if necessary.
Changes in assumptions can materially affect the estimate of fair value of stock-based compensation and, consequently, the related expense recognized. The assumptions we use in calculating the fair value of stock-based payment awards represent our best estimates, which involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. As a result, if factors change and we use different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future.
Cost of Revenue
We have made an accounting policy election whereby certain costs of product revenue, including hardware and third-party software license fees, are capitalized and amortized over the same period that product revenue is recognized, while installation and other service costs are generally expensed as incurred, except for certain contracts recognized according to contract accounting.
For example, in a multiple-element arrangement where revenue is recognized over the PCS support period, the cost of revenue associated with the product is capitalized upon product delivery and amortized over that same period. However, the cost of revenue associated with the services is expensed as incurred in the period in which the services are performed. In addition, we expense customer acquisition and origination costs to selling, general and administrative expense, including sales commissions, as incurred, with the exception of certain sales referral fees in our Communications Intelligence segment which are capitalized and amortized ratably over the revenue recognition period.
Results of Operations
Seasonality and Cyclicality
As is typical for many software and technology companies, our business is subject to seasonal and cyclical factors. Our revenue and operating income are typically highest in the fourth quarter and lowest in the first quarter. Moreover, revenue and operating income in the first quarter of a new year may be lower than in the fourth quarter of the preceding year, potentially by a significant margin. In addition, we generally receive a higher volume of orders in the last month of a quarter, with orders concentrated in the later part of that month. We believe that these seasonal and cyclical factors primarily reflect customer spending patterns and budget cycles, as well as the impact of incentive compensation plans for our sales personnel. While seasonal and cyclical factors such as these are common in the software and technology industry, this pattern should not be considered a reliable indicator of our future revenue or financial performance. Many other factors, including general economic conditions, may also have an impact on our business and financial results.
Overview of Operating Results
The following table sets forth a summary of certain key financial information for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Our revenue increased approximately $67.8 million, or 8%, to $907.3 million in the year ended January 31, 2014 from $839.5 million in the year ended January 31, 2013. In our Communications Intelligence segment, revenue increased approximately $58.4 million, or 25%, from $229.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 to $288.0 million in the year ended January 31, 2014. The increase consisted of a $39.5 million increase in product revenue and a $18.9 million increase in service and support revenue. In our Enterprise Intelligence segment, revenue increased approximately $8.4 million, or 2%, to $498.9 million in the year ended January 31, 2014 from $490.5 million in the year ended January 31, 2013. The increase consisted of a $22.0 million increase in service and support revenue, partially offset by a $13.6 million decrease in product revenue. In our Video Intelligence segment, revenue increased approximately $0.9 million, or 1%, from $119.5 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 to $120.4 million in the year ended January 31, 2014, primarily due to an increase in product revenue. For additional details on our revenue by segment, see "-Revenue by Operating Segment". Revenue in the Americas, EMEA, and APAC represented approximately 56%, 20%, and 24% of our total revenue, respectively, in the year ended January 31, 2014, compared to approximately 55%, 24%, and 21%, respectively, in the year ended January 31, 2013. Further details of changes in revenue are provided below.
Operating income was $122.3 million in the year ended January 31, 2014 compared to $99.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2013. This increase in operating income was primarily due to a $43.4 million increase in gross profit from $557.5 million to $600.9 million, partially offset by an $20.6 million increase in operating expenses, from $458.0 million to $478.6 million. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to increased gross profit in our Communications Intelligence segment. The increase in operating expenses consisted of a $9.8 million increase in selling, general and administrative expense, a $10.6 million increase in net research and development expenses, and a $0.2 million increase in amortization of other acquired intangible assets. Further details of changes in operating income are provided below.
Net income attributable to Verint Systems Inc. common shares was $53.6 million, and diluted net income per common share was $0.99, in the year ended January 31, 2014 compared to net income attributable to Verint Systems Inc. common shares of $38.5 million, and diluted net income per common share of $0.96, in the year ended January 31, 2013. The increase in net income attributable to Verint Systems Inc. common shares and diluted net income per common share in the year ended January 31, 2014 was primarily due to our increased operating income, as described above, a $15.3 million decrease in dividends on preferred stock resulting from the cancellation of our Preferred Stock, and a $4.4 million decrease in our provision for income taxes. These increases were partially offset by a $27.2 million increase in total other expense, net, due primarily to the derecognition of a $12.9 million indemnification asset due to the resolution of an uncertain tax position recorded in connection with the CTI Merger, a $7.0 million increase in foreign currency losses, net, and a $9.9 million loss upon
extinguishment of debt recorded during the year ended January 31, 2014, which primarily relates to the extinguishment of the term loan under the 2011 Credit Agreement. Further details of changes in total other expense, net, are provided below.
A portion of our business is conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and therefore our revenue and operating expenses are affected by fluctuations in applicable foreign currency exchange rates as noted above. When comparing average exchange rates for the year ended January 31, 2014 to average exchange rates for the year ended January 31, 2013, while the U.S. dollar weakened relative to the Israeli shekel, it strengthened relative to the British pound sterling, Australian dollar, Japanese yen, and Brazilian real, resulting in an overall decrease in our revenue, cost of revenue and operating expenses on a U.S. dollar-denominated basis. For the year ended January 31, 2014, had foreign exchange rates remained unchanged from rates in effect for the year ended January 31, 2013, our revenue would have been approximately $2.2 million higher and our cost of revenue and operating expenses would have been approximately $0.1 million higher, which would have resulted in a $2.1 million increase in operating income.
As of January 31, 2014, we employed approximately 3,400 employees, including part-time employees and certain contractors, as compared to approximately 3,200 in the year ended January 31, 2013.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Our revenue increased approximately $56.9 million, or 7%, to $839.5 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 from $782.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2012. In our Enterprise Intelligence segment, revenue increased approximately $52.5 million, or 12%, to $490.5 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 from $438.0 million in the year ended January 31, 2012. The increase consisted of a $40.2 million increase in service and support revenue, and a $12.3 million increase in product revenue. In our Communications Intelligence segment, revenue increased approximately $23.0 million, or 11%, from $206.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 to $229.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2013. The increase consisted of a $16.3 million increase in service and support revenue and a $6.7 million increase in product revenue. In our Video Intelligence segment, revenue decreased approximately $18.5 million, or 13%, from $138.0 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 to $119.5 million in the year ended January 31, 2013, primarily due to a decrease in product revenue. For additional details on our revenue by segment, see "-Revenue by Operating Segment". Revenue in the Americas, EMEA, and APAC represented approximately 55%, 24%, and 21% of our total revenue, respectively, in the year ended January 31, 2013, compared to approximately 53%, 27%, and 20%, respectively, in the year ended January 31, 2012. Further details of changes in revenue are provided below.
Operating income was $99.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 compared to $86.5 million in the year ended January 31, 2012. This increase in operating income was primarily due to a $43.2 million increase in gross profit from $514.3 million to $557.5 million, partially offset by an $30.2 million increase in operating expenses, from $427.8 million to $458.0 million. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to increased gross profit in our Enterprise Intelligence segment. The increase in operating expenses consisted of a $23.7 million increase in selling, general and administrative expense, a $4.9 million increase in net research and development expenses, and a $1.5 million increase in amortization of other acquired intangible assets. Further details of changes in operating income are provided below.
Net income attributable to Verint Systems Inc. common shares was $38.5 million, and diluted net income per common share was $0.96, in the year ended January 31, 2013 compared to net income attributable to Verint Systems Inc. common shares of $22.2 million, and diluted net income per common share of $0.56, in the year ended January 31, 2012. The increase in net income attributable to Verint Systems Inc. common shares and diluted net income per common share in the year ended January 31, 2013 was primarily due to our increased operating income, as described above, and a decrease in total other expense, net, due primarily to the termination of our May 2007 credit agreement (the "2007 Credit Agreement") during the year ended January 31, 2012 and repayment of the term loan under that agreement, which resulted in an $8.1 million loss during the year ended January 31, 2012. There were no such losses recognized during the year ended January 31, 2013.
A portion of our business is conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and therefore our revenue and operating expenses are affected by fluctuations in applicable foreign currency exchange rates as noted above. When comparing average exchange rates for the year ended January 31, 2013 to average exchange rates for the year ended January 31, 2012, the U.S. dollar strengthened relative to the British pound sterling, euro, Israeli shekel, and Brazilian real, resulting in decreases in our revenue, cost of revenue and operating expenses on a U.S. dollar-denominated basis. For the year ended January 31, 2013, had foreign exchange rates remained unchanged from rates in effect for the year ended January 31, 2012, our revenue would have been approximately $11.7 million higher and our cost of revenue and operating expenses would have been approximately $17.1 million higher, which would have resulted in a $5.4 million decrease in operating income.
We employed approximately 3,200 employees, including part-time employees and certain contractors, as of January 31, 2013 and 2012.
Revenue by Operating Segment
The following table sets forth revenue for each of our three operating segments for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
Enterprise Intelligence Segment
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Enterprise Intelligence revenue increased approximately $8.4 million, or 2%, from $490.5 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 to $498.9 million in the year ended January 31, 2014. The increase consisted of a $22.0 million increase in service and support revenue, offset by a $13.6 million decrease in product revenue. The increase in service and support revenue was primarily due to an increase in our customer install base and the related support revenue generated from this customer base during the year ended January 31, 2014. The decrease in product revenue was primarily due to a decrease in product sales to new and existing customers during the year ended January 31, 2014. The continued growth of service revenue is attributable to various factors, including an increase in services associated with customer product upgrades, a higher component of service offerings in our standard arrangements, and our growing install base. The aggregate value of executed license arrangements, which comprises the majority of our product revenue, can fluctuate from quarter to quarter.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Enterprise Intelligence revenue increased approximately $52.5 million, or 12%, from $438.0 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 to $490.5 million in the year ended January 31, 2013. The increase consisted of a $40.2 million increase in service and support revenue and a $12.3 million increase in product revenue. The increase in service and support revenue was primarily due to an increase in our customer install base and the related support revenue generated from this customer base during the year ended January 31, 2013 and an increase in service and support revenue from business acquisitions in our Enterprise Intelligence segment that were consummated during the year ended January 31, 2012. The increase in product revenue was primarily due to an increase in product sales to new and existing customers during the year ended January 31, 2013.
Communications Intelligence Segment
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Communications Intelligence revenue increased approximately $58.4 million, or 25%, from $229.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 to $288.0 million in the year ended January 31, 2014. The increase consisted of a $39.5 million increase in product revenue and a $18.9 million increase in service and support revenue. Approximately $23.6 million of the increase in product revenue was primarily due to an increase in product deliveries to a single large customer. The remaining $15.9 million of the increase in product revenue was primarily due to an increase in progress realized during the current year on projects recognized using the POC method, some of which commenced in the previous fiscal year. The increase in service and support revenue was primarily attributable to an increase in the customer install base, the progress realized during the current year on projects recognized using the POC method, some of which commenced in the previous fiscal year, and new communications intelligence SaaS offerings.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Communications Intelligence revenue increased approximately $23.0 million, or 11%, from $206.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 to $229.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2013. The increase consisted of a $16.3 million increase in service and support revenue and a $6.7 million increase in product revenue. The increase in service and support revenue was primarily attributable to the progress realized during the current year on projects recognized using the POC method, some of which commenced in the previous fiscal year, and an increase in the customer install base. The increase in product revenue was mainly due to an increase in product deliveries to customers, new communications intelligence product offerings, the inclusion of a full year's product revenue from a business acquisition in our Communications Intelligence segment that was consummated during the year ended January 31, 2012, and to a lesser extent, on progress on projects being accounted for under the POC method, some of which commenced in the previous fiscal year.
Video Intelligence Segment
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Video Intelligence revenue increased approximately $0.9 million, or 1%, from $119.5 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 to $120.4 million in the year ended January 31, 2014. The increase was primarily attributable to a $0.8 million increase in product revenue, resulting largely from an increase in sales of certain hardware products to a single large customer during the year ended January 31, 2014 as compared to the year ended January 31, 2013, partially offset by a decrease in product deliveries to other customers in the year ended January 31, 2014 as compared to the year ended January 31, 2013.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Video Intelligence revenue decreased approximately $18.5 million, or 13%, from $138.0 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 to $119.5 million in the year ended January 31, 2013. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $19.6 million decrease in product revenue, resulting largely from a decrease in sales of certain hardware products to a single large customer during the year ended January 31, 2013 as compared to the year ended January 31, 2012, as well as a reduction in product deliveries associated with a few other customers from period to period. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in product deliveries to other customers in the year ended January 31, 2013 as compared to the year ended January 31, 2012.
Volume and Price
We sell products in multiple configurations, and the price of any particular product varies depending on the configuration of the product sold. Due to the variety of customized configurations for each product we sell, we are unable to quantify the amount of any revenue increases attributable to a change in the price of any particular product and/or a change in the number of products sold.
Revenue by Product Revenue and Service and Support Revenue
We derive and report our revenue in two categories: (a) product revenue, including licensing of software products and sale of hardware products (which include software that works together with the hardware to deliver the product's essential functionality), and (b) service and support revenue, including revenue from installation services, post-contract customer support, project management, hosting services, SaaS, product warranties, and training services. For multiple-element arrangements for which we are unable to establish VSOE, of one or more elements, we use various available indicators of fair value and apply our best judgment to reasonably classify the arrangement's revenue into product revenue and service and support revenue.
The following table sets forth product revenue and service and support revenue for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
Product Revenue
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Product revenue increased approximately $26.7 million from $389.8 million for the year ended January 31, 2013 to $416.5 million for the year ended January 31, 2014, resulting from a $39.5 million increase in our Communications Intelligence segment and a $0.8 million increase in our Video Intelligence segment, partially offset by a $13.6 million decrease in our Enterprise Intelligence segment.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Product revenue decreased approximately $0.6 million from $390.4 million for the year ended January 31, 2012 to $389.8 million for the year ended January 31, 2013, resulting from a decrease in our Video Intelligence segment of $19.6 million, partially offset by a $12.3 million increase in our Enterprise Intelligence segment and a $6.7 million increase in our Communications Intelligence segment.
For additional information see "- Revenue by Operating Segment".
Service and Support Revenue
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Service and support revenue increased approximately $41.0 million, or 9%, from $449.8 million for the year ended January 31, 2013 to $490.8 million for the year ended January 31, 2014. This increase was primarily attributable to increases of $22.0 million and $18.9 million in our Enterprise Intelligence and Communications Intelligence segments, respectively.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Service and support revenue increased approximately $57.5 million, or 15%, from $392.3 million for the year ended January 31, 2012 to $449.8 million for the year ended January 31, 2013. This increase was primarily attributable to increases of $40.2 million and $16.3 million in our Enterprise Intelligence and Communications Intelligence segments, respectively.
For additional information see "- Revenue by Operating Segment".
Cost of Revenue
The following table sets forth cost of revenue by product and service and support, as well as amortization of acquired technology and backlog for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
We exclude certain costs of product revenue and certain costs of service and support revenue, including shared support costs, stock-based compensation, and asset impairment charges, among others, from the calculations of our operating segment gross margins.
Cost of Product Revenue
Cost of product revenue primarily consists of hardware material costs and royalties due to third parties for software components that are embedded in our software solutions. When revenue is deferred, we also defer hardware material costs and third-party software royalties and recognize those costs over the same period that the product revenue is recognized. Cost of product revenue also includes amortization of capitalized software development costs, employee compensation and related expenses associated with our global operations, facility costs, and other allocated overhead expenses. In our Communications Intelligence segment, cost of product revenue also includes employee compensation and related expenses, contractor and consulting expenses, and travel expenses, in each case for resources dedicated to project management and associated product delivery.
Our product gross margins are impacted by the mix of products that we sell from period to period. As with many other technology companies, our software products tend to have higher gross margins than our hardware products.
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Cost of product revenue increased approximately 13% from $121.7 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 to $137.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2014. Our overall product gross margins decreased to 67% in the year ended January 31, 2014 from 69% in the year ended January 31, 2013. Product gross margins in our Enterprise Intelligence segment increased from 91% in the year ended January 31, 2013 to 92% in the year ended January 31, 2014 primarily as a result of lower third party royalty expense, as well as a continued decrease in hardware sales as part of our product offering. Product gross margins in our Communications Intelligence segment decreased from 57% in the year ended January 31, 2013 to 56% in the year ended January 31, 2014 primarily due to a change in product mix. Product gross margins in our Video Intelligence segment increased to 58% in the year ended January 31, 2014 compared to 57% in the year ended January 31, 2013 due to a change in product mix.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Cost of product revenue decreased approximately 3% from $126.1 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 to $121.7 million in the year ended January 31, 2013. Our overall product gross margins increased to 69% in the year ended January 31, 2013 from 68% in the year ended January 31, 2012. Product gross margins in our Enterprise Intelligence segment increased from 89% in the year ended January 31, 2012 to
91% in the year ended January 31, 2013 primarily as a result of a continued decrease in hardware sales as part of our product offering. Product gross margins in our Communications Intelligence segment decreased to 57% for the year ended January 31, 2013 from 59% in the year ended January 31, 2012 as a result of a change in product mix. Product gross margins in our Video Intelligence segment increased to 57% in the year ended January 31, 2013 compared to 56% in the year ended January 31, 2012 due to a change in product mix.
Cost of Service and Support Revenue
Cost of service and support revenue primarily consists of employee compensation and related expenses, contractor costs, and travel expenses relating to installation, training, consulting, and maintenance services. Cost of service and support revenue also includes stock-based compensation expenses, facility costs, and other overhead expenses. In accordance with GAAP
and our accounting policy, the cost of revenue associated with the services is generally expensed as incurred in the period in which the services are performed, with the exception of certain transactions accounted for under the POC method.
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Cost of service and support revenue increased approximately 8% from $145.4 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 to $156.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2014. Employee compensation and related expenses increased $8.0 million, primarily driven by a $5.2 million and $2.0 million increase in our Enterprise Intelligence and Communications Intelligence segments, respectively, reflecting an increase in employee headcount required to deliver the increased implementation services. Contractor costs increased $2.9 million, of which $2.7 million was due to increased use of contractors in our Enterprise Intelligence segment to deliver services during the year ended January 31, 2014 compared to the year ended January 31, 2013. These increases were offset by a $0.5 million decrease in travel costs primarily in our Enterprise Intelligence segment, and a $0.4 million decrease in stock based compensation expense attributable to service and support employees. Our overall service and support gross margins were 68% in each of the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Cost of service and support revenue increased approximately 12% from $129.9 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 to $145.4 million in the year ended January 31, 2013. Employee compensation and related expenses increased $7.4 million, primarily driven by a $6.6 million increase in our Enterprise Intelligence segment, reflecting an increase in employee headcount required to deliver the increased implementation services. Contractor costs increased $6.7 million, of which $3.4 million was due to increased use of contractors in our Enterprise Intelligence segment to deliver services during the year ended January 31, 2013 compared to the year ended January 31, 2012. The remaining $3.2 million increase in contractor costs was due to increased use of contractors resulting from product mix and geographical locations of implementation services in our Communications Intelligence segment. Our overall service and support gross margins increased to 68% in the year ended January 31, 2013 compared to 67% in the year ended January 31, 2012.
Amortization of Acquired Technology and Backlog
Amortization of acquired technology and backlog consists of amortization of technology assets and customer backlog acquired in connection with business combinations.
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Amortization of acquired technology and backlog decreased approximately 17% from $14.8 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 to $12.3 million in the year ended January 31, 2014, primarily due to a reduction in amortization of acquired technology from a historical business combination, which became fully amortized during the year ended January 31, 2014, partially offset by an increase in amortization expense of acquired technology-based intangible assets associated with business combinations that closed during the year ended January 31, 2014.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Amortization of acquired technology and backlog increased approximately 19% from $12.4 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 to $14.8 million in the year ended January 31, 2013, primarily due to an increase in amortization expense of acquired technology-based intangible assets associated with business combinations that closed during the year ended January 31, 2012.
Further discussion regarding our business combinations appears in Note 5, "Business Combinations" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
Research and Development, Net
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and subcontracting expenses, facility costs, and other allocated overhead, net of certain software development costs that are capitalized as well as reimbursements under government programs. Software development costs are capitalized upon the establishment of technological feasibility and continue to be capitalized through the general release of the related software product.
The following table sets forth research and development, net for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Research and development, net increased approximately $10.6 million, or 9%, from $115.9 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 to $126.5 million in the year ended January 31, 2014. The increase was primarily attributable to a $6.8 million increase in employee compensation and related expenses, which resulted from an increase in employee headcount in our Enterprise Intelligence and Communication Intelligence segments and merit increases to employee salaries, and a $2.1 million increase in contractor expense primarily due to increased use of contractors in our Communications Intelligence and Enterprise Intelligence segments during the year ended January 31, 2014 compared to the year ended January 31, 2013, as well as a $0.8 million increase in stock-based compensation resulting from an increase in average amounts of outstanding restricted stock units, and continued increases in our stock price, which impacts the total stock-based compensation to be recognized over the vesting periods, in each case associated with our research and development employees.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Research and development, net increased approximately $4.9 million, or 4%, from $111.0 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 to $115.9 million in the year ended
January 31, 2013. The increase was primarily attributable to a $5.2 million increase in employee compensation and related expenses, which resulted from an increase in employee headcount in our Enterprise Intelligence and Communication Intelligence segments and merit increases to employee salaries, and a $0.7 million increase in contractor expense primarily due to increased use of contractors in our Enterprise Intelligence and Video Intelligence segments during the year ended January 31, 2013 compared to the year ended January 31, 2012. These increases were partially offset by a $0.6 million increase in research and development reimbursements from government programs that were received during the year ended January 31, 2013, and a $0.4 million decrease in stock-based compensation primarily due to the impact of a shift in the mix of outstanding restricted stock units from awards with two-year vesting periods to awards with three-year vesting periods and a decrease in outstanding phantom stock awards, in each case associated with our research and development employees.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs and related expenses, professional fees, sales and marketing expenses, including travel, sales commissions and sales referral fees, facility costs, communication expenses, and other administrative expenses.
The following table sets forth selling, general and administrative expenses for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $9.8 million, or 3%, from $317.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 to $327.4 million in the year ended January 31, 2014 primarily due to a $9.4 million increase in stock-based compensation resulting from an increase in average amounts of outstanding restricted stock units, and continued increases in our stock price, which impacts the total stock-based compensation to be recognized over the vesting periods, a $6.4 million increase in costs associated with business combinations, a decrease in the change in fair value of our obligations under contingent consideration arrangements (from a benefit of $6.2 million to a benefit of $2.5 million), resulting in a $3.7 million increase to selling, general, and administrative expenses, a $4.4 million increase in employee compensation and related expenses, $2.5 million of which was attributable to an increase in headcount in corporate support employees and the remainder due primarily to increased selling and marketing employee headcount in our Communications Intelligence segment. Also included in selling, general, and administrative
expenses for the year ended January 31, 2014 were $3.5 million of special performance incentives associated with a prior period business combination. These increases were partially offset by a $15.5 million decrease in professional fees incurred in connection with the CTI Merger, and a $2.0 million decrease in contractor expense primarily due to decreased use of contractors for corporate support services.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $23.7 million, or 8%, from $293.9 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 to $317.6 million in the year ended January 31, 2013. During the year ended January 31, 2013, we incurred approximately $16.1 million of professional fees in connection with the CTI Merger, with no such costs incurred during the year ended January 31, 2012. Employee compensation and related expenses increased $14.8 million, primarily due to an increase in employee headcount and merit increases. Sales commissions increased $3.5 million due to a $4.6 million increase in our Enterprise Intelligence segment primarily due to an increase in revenue, and a $0.5 million increase in our Communications Intelligence segment, partially offset by a $1.6 million decrease in our Video Intelligence segment as a result of a decrease in revenue. Contractor costs increased $1.3 million primarily due to increased use of contractors resulting from prior-year acquisitions in our Communications Intelligence segment, and to a lesser extent, increased use of contractors in our Enterprise Intelligence segment. These increases were partially offset by a $8.1 million decrease in legal and other professional fees related to business combinations, a net $2.9 million decrease in the change in fair value of our obligations under contingent consideration arrangements, and a $1.8 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense primarily due to a decrease in the number of outstanding stock-based compensation arrangements accounted for as liability awards and lower average amounts of outstanding restricted stock units compared to the year ended January 31, 2012.
Amortization of Other Acquired Intangible Assets
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets consists of amortization of certain intangible assets acquired in connection with business combinations, including customer relationships, distribution networks, trade names and non-compete agreements.
The following table sets forth amortization of other acquired intangible assets for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Amortization of other acquired intangible assets did not materially change in the year ended January 31, 2014 compared to the year ended January 31, 2013. Amortization associated with business combinations that closed during the year ended January 31, 2014 was approximately $0.4 million, which was offset by the impact of the strengthening of the foreign currencies in which some of our intangible assets are denominated during the year ended January 31, 2014 relative to the year ended January 31, 2013.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Amortization of other acquired intangible assets increased approximately 7% from $22.9 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 to $24.4 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 primarily due to an increase in amortization associated with business combinations that closed during the year ended January 31, 2012.
Further discussion surrounding our business combinations appears in Note 5, "Business Combinations" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
Other Income (Expense), Net
The following table sets forth total other expense, net for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
* Percentage is not meaningful.
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Total other expense, net, increased by $27.2 million from $31.8 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 to $59.0 million in the year ended January 31, 2014. During the year ended January 31, 2014, we recorded a $9.9 million loss upon extinguishment of debt, which primarily relates to the extinguishment of the term loan under the 2011 Credit Agreement. There were no such losses recognized during the year ended January 31, 2013. Further discussion regarding our credit agreements appears in Note 7, “Long-term Debt” to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
Interest expense decreased to $29.8 million in the year ended January 31, 2014 from $31.0 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 primarily due to lower interest rates on borrowings associated with the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, which was effective in March 2013, compared to interest incurred under the 2011 Credit Agreement. Further discussion regarding our credit agreements appears in Note 7, “Long-term Debt” to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
We recorded $6.1 million of net foreign currency losses in the year ended January 31, 2014 compared to $1.0 million of net gains in the year ended January 31, 2013. Foreign currency losses in the year ended January 31, 2014 resulted primarily from (i) strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Singapore dollar, resulting in foreign currency losses on Singapore dollar-denominated net assets in certain entities which use a U.S. dollar functional currency, (ii) weakening of the U.S. dollar against the Israeli shekel, resulting in foreign currency losses on Israeli shekel-denominated net liabilities in certain entities which use a U.S. dollar functional currency, (iii) weakening of the euro against the British pound sterling, resulting in foreign currency losses on euro-denominated net assets in certain entities which use a British pound sterling functional currency, and (iv) weakening of the Japanese yen against the U.S. dollar, resulting in foreign currency losses on U.S. dollar-denominated net liabilities in certain entities which use a Japanese yen functional currency.
In the year ended January 31, 2014, there were net gains on derivative financial instruments (not designated as hedging instruments) of $0.3 million, compared to net losses of $0.4 million on such instruments for the year ended January 31, 2013. The higher net losses in the prior year resulted from weakening of the hedged currencies against the functional currencies, primarily the U.S. dollar against the Singapore dollar, during that period. Movements of hedged currencies against functional currencies were generally not significant during the year ended January 31, 2014.
In the year ended January 31, 2014, we recorded a charge of $12.9 million for the derecognition of an indemnification asset associated with the resolution of an uncertain tax position previously recorded in connection with the CTI Merger. At the closing of the CTI Merger, we recorded indemnification assets in amounts corresponding to CTI’s liabilities for uncertain tax positions, recognizing Comverse’s contractual obligation to indemnify us for these potential liabilities. If an uncertain tax position liability is required to be subsequently reversed, the reversal is generally recorded as a reduction to the provision for income taxes. The reversal of the corresponding indemnification asset is reflected within other income (expense), net. Accordingly, the $12.9 million charge to other income (expense) was substantially offset by a reduction to our provision for income taxes. Please refer also to the discussion under “Provision for Income Taxes”, below. Further information regarding the CTI Merger appears in Note 4, “Merger with CTI” to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Total other expense, net, decreased by $8.5 million from $40.3 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 to $31.8 million in the year ended January 31, 2013. Interest expense
decreased to $31.0 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 from $32.4 million in the year ended January 31, 2012 primarily due to lower interest rates on borrowings associated with the 2011 Credit Agreement, which was effective in April 2011, compared to interest incurred under the 2007 Credit Agreement. We recorded $1.0 million of net foreign currency gains in the year ended January 31, 2013 compared to a $1.4 million of net gains in the year ended January 31, 2012. Foreign currency gains in the year ended January 31, 2013 resulted primarily from the weakening of the U.S. dollar against the Singapore dollar
and the euro, which resulted in foreign currency gains on our U.S. dollar-denominated liabilities in certain entities which use those functional currencies, partially offset by foreign currency losses due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Japanese yen, which resulted in foreign currency losses on our U.S. dollar-denominated liabilities in certain entities which use the yen as their functional currency.
In the year ended January 31, 2013, there were net losses on derivative financial instruments (not designated as hedging instruments) of $0.4 million, compared to net losses of $0.9 million on such instruments for the year ended January 31, 2012. The higher net losses in the prior year resulted from weakening of the hedged currencies against the functional currencies, primarily the U.S. dollar against the Singapore dollar, during that period. Movements of hedged currencies against functional currencies were generally not significant during the year ended January 31, 2013.
During the year ended January 31, 2012, we recorded an $8.1 million loss upon termination of the 2011 Credit Agreement and repayment of the term loan under that agreement. There were no such losses recognized during the year ended January 31, 2013. Further discussion regarding our credit facilities appears in Note 7, "Long-Term Debt" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
Other, net expense was $1.8 million in the year ended January 31, 2013 compared to $1.0 million in the year ended January 31, 2012. The increase was primarily attributable to a $1.1 million write-off of an indemnification asset in connection with the resolution of an uncertain tax position from a prior-year business combination in our Communications Intelligence segment. Further discussion surrounding our business combinations appears in Note 5, "Business Combinations" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
Provision for Income Taxes
The following table sets forth our provision for income taxes for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
Year Ended January 31, 2014 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2013. Our effective tax rate was 7.2% for the year ended January 31, 2014, compared to 13.2% for the year ended January 31, 2013. For the year ended January 31, 2014, our effective income tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the mix and levels of income and losses by jurisdiction and a tax benefit of $12.4 million for reversal of unrecognized tax benefits established in connection with the CTI Merger. The recognition of the CTI tax benefits resulted in other, net expense due to the write-off of an indemnification asset. Pre-tax income in our profitable jurisdictions, where we recorded tax provisions at rates lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate, was partially offset by our domestic losses where we maintain valuation allowances and did not record the related tax benefits. The result was an income tax provision of $4.5 million on $63.3 million of pre-tax income, resulting in an effective tax rate of 7.2%. For the year ended January 31, 2013, our effective income tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal rate of 35% primarily due to the level and mix of income and losses by jurisdiction, partially offset by the write-off of certain tax attributes resulting from the merger of certain foreign subsidiaries, an increase in unrecognized tax benefits and an increase in the valuation allowance. The income generated in foreign jurisdictions, taxed at rates lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate, was higher than domestic losses where we maintain valuation allowances and did not record a tax benefit. The result was an income tax provision of $9.0 million on $67.8 million of pre-tax income, which represented an effective tax rate of 13.2%.
Year Ended January 31, 2013 compared to Year Ended January 31, 2012. Our effective tax rate was 13.2% for the year ended January 31, 2013, compared to 12.0% for the year ended January 31, 2012. For the year ended January 31, 2013, our effective income tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the mix and levels of income and losses by jurisdiction, partially offset by the write-off of certain tax attributes resulting from the merger of certain foreign subsidiaries, an increase in unrecognized tax benefits and an increase in valuation allowances. Pre-tax income in our profitable jurisdictions, where we recorded tax provisions at rates lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate, was partially offset by our domestic losses where we maintain valuation allowances and did not record the related tax benefits. The result was an income tax provision of $9.0 million on $67.8 million of pre-tax income, resulting in an effective tax rate of 13.2%. For the year ended January 31, 2012, our effective income tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal rate of 35% primarily due to the level and mix of income
and losses by jurisdiction, the recognition of unrecognized tax benefits and the partial release of a valuation allowance. The income generated in foreign jurisdictions, taxed at rates lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate, was higher than domestic losses where we maintain valuation allowances and did not record a tax benefit. The result was an income tax provision of $5.5 million on $46.2 million of pre-tax income, which represented an effective tax rate of 12.0%.
The comparison of our effective tax rates between periods is significantly impacted by the level and mix of earnings and losses by tax jurisdiction, foreign income tax rate differentials, amount of permanent book to tax differences, the impact of unrecognized tax benefits, and the effects of valuation allowances on certain loss jurisdictions.
Backlog
The delivery cycles of most of our products are generally very short, ranging from days to several months, with the exception of certain projects with multiple deliverables over longer periods of time. Therefore, we do not view backlog as a meaningful indicator of future business activity and do not consider it a meaningful financial metric for evaluating our business.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our primary source of cash is the collection of proceeds from the sale of products and services to our customers, including cash periodically collected in advance of delivery or performance.
In April 2011, we entered into the 2011 Credit Agreement and terminated our 2007 Credit Agreement. The 2011 Credit Agreement included a term loan facility, with an outstanding balance of $576.0 million at January 31, 2013, and a $170.0 million revolving line of credit, which was unused at January 31, 2013. On March 6, 2013, the 2011 Credit Agreement was replaced by the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement. The 2013 Amended Credit Agreement included a term loan facility, with an outstanding balance of $645.1 million at January 31, 2014, and a $200.0 million revolving credit facility, which was unused at January 31, 2014. In February 2014, in connection with our acquisition of KANA, we borrowed $125.0 million under the revolving credit facility and we also incurred $300.0 million of incremental term loans, for purposes of funding a portion of the purchase price for KANA. Further discussion of our credit agreements appears below, under "Credit Agreements".
Our primary recurring use of cash is payment of our operating costs, which consist primarily of employee-related expenses, such as compensation and benefits, as well as general operating expenses for marketing, facilities and overhead costs, and capital expenditures. We also utilize cash for debt service under our credit agreements and periodically for business acquisitions. Cash generated from operations is our primary source of operating liquidity, and we believe that internally generated cash flows are sufficient to support our current business operations, including debt service and capital expenditure requirements.
On February 4, 2013, we completed the CTI Merger, which eliminated CTI's majority ownership in and control of us. The CTI Merger was accomplished through an exchange of new shares of our common stock for all of the issued and outstanding shares of CTI common stock. Other than the payment of professional fees and other transaction expenses, no cash was used in the CTI Merger.
We have historically expanded our business in part by investing in strategic growth initiatives, including acquisitions of products, technologies, and businesses. We have used cash as consideration for substantially all of our historical business acquisitions, including $32.8 million of net cash on hand expended for business acquisitions during the year ended January 31, 2014. We expended $514.2 million of net cash to acquire KANA on February 3, 2014, funded through a combination of cash on hand, and as described above, incremental term loans and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We expended $82.9 million of cash to acquire UTX on March 31, 2014, funded from cash on hand. To the extent that we continue this strategy, our future cash requirements and liquidity may be impacted. As we did to fund the acquisition of KANA and have done otherwise in the past, we may utilize external capital sources, including debt and equity, to supplement our internally generated sources of liquidity as necessary and if available. We also may consider initiatives to modify the debt and equity components of our current capitalization, as we did in March 2014, February 2014, and March 2013 by amending our credit agreement, or as we did in February 2013 by completing the CTI Merger.
A considerable portion of our operating income is earned outside the United States. Cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and restricted cash and bank time deposits (including any long-term portions) held by our subsidiaries outside the United States were $268.6 million and $192.9 million as of January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and are generally used to fund the subsidiaries’ operating requirements and to invest in company growth initiatives, including business acquisitions. Cash
on hand in the United States was utilized to fund a portion of the purchase price for KANA, and cash on hand outside of the United States was utilized to fund the purchase price for UTX. We currently do not anticipate that we will need funds generated from foreign operations to fund our domestic operations for the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future.
Should other circumstances arise whereby we require more capital in the United States than is generated by our domestic operations, or should we otherwise consider it in our best interests, we could repatriate future earnings from foreign jurisdictions, which could result in higher effective tax rates. We have not provided for deferred taxes on the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in our foreign subsidiaries because we currently plan to indefinitely reinvest such earnings outside the United States.
In the past, we have periodically reported a working capital deficit (current liabilities in excess of current assets), due largely to the impact of changes in our deferred revenue balances. Because deferred revenue is not a cash-settled liability, working capital in this case may not be a meaningful indicator of our liquidity. We believe our liquidity is better measured and assessed by our operating cash flow.
The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and bank time deposits, short-term investments and long-term debt as of January 31, 2014 and 2013:
At January 31, 2014, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $378.6 million, an increase of $168.6 million from $210.0 million at January 31, 2013. On February 3, 2014, we expended approximately $96.4 million of cash on hand, including closing costs, in connection with the acquisition of KANA.
Our operating activities generated $178.3 million of cash during the year ended January 31, 2014, which was partially offset by $9.7 million of net cash used in investing and financing activities during this period. Further discussion of these items appears below.
Consolidated Cash Flow Activity
The following table summarizes selected items from our consolidated statements of cash flows for the year ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities is driven primarily by our net income, adjusted for non-cash items, and working capital changes. Operating activities generated $178.3 million of net cash during the year ended January 31, 2014, compared to $123.4 million generated during the year ended January 31, 2013. The improved operating cash flow resulted primarily from our higher operating income in the year ended January 31, 2014, which contributed to higher accounts receivable collections and customer deposits, compared to the year ended January 31, 2013, and the impact of net income tax refunds of $1.7 million in the year ended January 31, 2014, compared to net income tax payments of $18.2 million in the prior year. The net income tax refunds in the year ended January 31, 2014 resulted principally from the impact of income tax refunds in Israel associated with prior periods' income tax returns.
Operating activities generated $123.4 million of net cash during the year ended January 31, 2013, compared to $106.5 million of cash provided by operating activities during the year ended January 31, 2012. Improved operating results in the year ended January 31, 2013 drove higher accounts receivable collections and customer deposits compared to the year ended January 31, 2012.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
During the year ended January 31, 2014, our investing activities used $64.2 million of net cash, the primary components of which were $32.8 million of net cash utilized for business acquisitions, $22.4 million of payments for property, equipment, and capitalized software development costs, and $18.9 million of net purchases of short-term investments. We expanded our short-term investing activity during the year ended January 31, 2014 to increase returns on available funds provided by operating and financing activities. Partially offsetting these uses was a $7.7 million decrease in restricted cash and bank time deposits. Restricted cash and bank time deposits are typically short-term deposits used to secure bank guarantees in connection with sales contracts, the amounts of which will fluctuate from period to period.
For the year ended January 31, 2013, our investing activities used $35.7 million of net cash, primarily reflecting $20.0 million of payments for property, equipment, and capitalized software development costs. We also purchased $13.6 million of short-term investments during this year.
During the year ended January 31, 2012, our investing activities used $126.8 million of net cash, of which the most significant use was $109.8 million of net cash utilized for business acquisitions, including $56.0 million of net cash paid to acquire Vovici in August 2011, and $24.6 million of net cash paid to acquire GMT in October 2011. In addition, we made $16.5 million of payments for property, equipment, and capitalized software development costs during the year ended January 31, 2012.
Other than for our February 3, 2014 acquisition of KANA, we had no significant commitments for capital expenditures at January 31, 2014. We simultaneously signed and closed our acquisition of UTX on March 31, 2014.
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
For the year ended January 31, 2014, our financing activities provided $54.5 million of net cash. During this period, we borrowed $646.7 million under our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement (consisting of gross borrowings of $650.0 million, reduced by a $3.3 million original issuance discount), repaid $576.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our 2011 Credit Agreement, and paid $7.8 million of related debt issuance costs. We also received $10.4 million of cash in connection with the CTI Merger during this year. Other financing activities during the year ended January 31, 2014 included payments of $16.1 million for the financing portion of payments under contingent consideration arrangements related to prior business combinations, and the receipt of $10.9 million of proceeds from exercises of stock options.
During the year ended January 31, 2013, our financing activities used $29.3 million of net cash, the primary use of which was $22.0 million of repayments of borrowings, including an optional $15.0 million term loan payment. We also made payments of $6.5 million for the financing portion of payments under contingent consideration arrangements related to prior business combinations. These uses were partially offset by $2.6 million of proceeds from exercises of stock options.
During the year ended January 31, 2012, our financing activities provided $2.1 million of net cash, which included $12.5 million of proceeds from exercises of stock options, partially offset by cash used in several other financing activities. During the year, we borrowed $597.0 million under the 2011 Credit Agreement (consisting of gross borrowings of $600.0 million, reduced by a $3.0 million original issuance discount), repaid $587.5 million of outstanding borrowings, including $583.2 million of outstanding borrowings under our 2007 Credit Agreement, and paid $15.3 million of debt issuance and other debt-related costs. The net impact of this debt refinancing activity was a use of $5.8 million of cash for the year. We also made payments of $2.0 million during the year for the financing portion of payments under contingent consideration arrangements related to prior business combinations.
Please refer to the discussion contained herein under "- Credit Agreements" for information regarding financing activities associated with our February 3, 2014 acquisition of KANA.
Liquidity and Capital Resources Requirements
Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe that our cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet anticipated operating costs, required payments of principal and interest, working capital needs, ordinary course capital expenditures, research and development spending, and other
commitments for at least the next 12 months. Currently, we have no plans to pay any cash dividends on our common stock, which are not permitted under our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement.
Our liquidity could be negatively impacted by a decrease in demand for our products and service and support, including the impact of changes in customer buying behavior due to circumstances over which we have no control. If we determine to make additional business acquisitions or otherwise require additional funds, we may need to raise additional capital, which could involve the issuance of additional equity or debt securities.
Credit Agreements
In April 2011, we entered into the 2011 Credit Agreement with our lenders and concurrently terminated our 2007 Credit Agreement. The 2011 Credit Agreement provided for $770.0 million of secured credit facilities, comprised of a $600.0 million term loan maturing in October 2017 and a $170.0 million revolving credit facility maturing in April 2016, subject to increase (up to a maximum increase of $300.0 million) and reduction from time to time according to the terms of the 2011 Credit Agreement.
The 2011 Credit Agreement included an original issuance term loan discount of 0.50%, or $3.0 million, resulting in net term loan proceeds of $597.0 million.
On March 6, 2013, we entered into an amendment and restatement agreement with the lenders under the 2011 Credit Agreement providing for the amendment and restatement of the 2011 Credit Agreement. The 2013 Amended Credit Agreement provided for $850.0 million of senior secured credit facilities, comprised of (i) $650.0 million of term loans maturing in September 2019 and (ii) a $200.0 million revolving credit facility maturing in March 2018, subject to increase (up to a maximum increase of $300.0 million) and reduction from time to time according to the terms of the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement.
The 2013 Amended Credit Agreement included an original issuance term loan discount of 0.50%, or $3.3 million, resulting in net 2013 Term Loans proceeds of $646.7 million.
The majority of the proceeds of the 2013 Term Loans were used to repay all $576.0 million of outstanding term loan borrowings under the 2011 Credit Agreement at the March 6, 2013 closing date of the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement. There were no outstanding borrowings under the 2011 Credit Agreement's revolving credit facility at the closing date.
As of January 31, 2014, the 2013 Term Loans had an outstanding balance of $645.1 million, and there were no outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility, all of which was available at that date. The interest rate on the 2013 Term Loans was 4.00% at January 31, 2014, but was adjusted to 3.50% on March 7, 2014, as described below.
On February 3, 2014, in connection with the acquisition of KANA, we borrowed $125.0 million under our revolving credit facility to fund a portion of the KANA purchase price. Borrowings under our revolving credit facility are due upon maturity of the revolving credit facility in March 2018. The initial interest rate on the revolving credit borrowings was 4.00%, but was adjusted to 3.50% on March 7, 2014, as described below.
In addition, on February 3, 2014, we entered into Amendment No. 1 to our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement pursuant to which we incurred $300.0 million of incremental term loans. The net proceeds of the 2014 Term Loans were used to fund a portion of the KANA purchase price.
The 2014 Term Loans were subject to an original issuance discount of 0.25%, or $0.8 million.
The 2014 Term Loans bear interest, payable quarterly or, in the case of Eurodollar loans with an interest period of three months or less, at the end of the applicable interest period, at a per annum rate of, at our election:
(a) in the case of Eurodollar loans, the Adjusted LIBO Rate plus 2.75%. The Adjusted LIBO Rate is the greater of (i) 0.75% per annum and (ii) the product of (x) the LIBO Rate and (y) Statutory Reserves (both as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement), and
(b) in the case of Base Rate loans, the Base Rate plus 1.75%. The Base Rate is the greatest of (i) the administrative agent’s prime rate, (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement) plus 0.50% and (iii) the Adjusted LIBO Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%.
The initial interest rate on the 2014 Term loans was 3.50%.
On February 3, 2014, we also entered into Amendment No. 2 to the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement which, among other things, (i) permits us to increase the permitted amount of additional incremental term loans and revolving credit commitments under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement (beyond the 2014 Term Loans borrowed under Amendment No. 1) by up to $200.0 million plus an additional amount such that the First Lien Leverage Ratio (as defined in Amendment No. 2) would not exceed the specified maximum ratio set forth therein, (ii) increased the size of certain negative covenant basket carve-outs, (iii) permits us to issue Permitted Convertible Indebtedness (as defined in Amendment No. 2), and (iv) permits us to refinance all or a portion of any existing class of term loans under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement with replacement term loans.
Further, on February 3, 2014, we entered into Amendment No. 3 to the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement which extended by one year, to January 31, 2016, the step-down date of the leverage ratio covenant applicable to the revolving credit facility and, at the March 7, 2014 effectiveness of Amendment No. 4 (as described below), repriced the interest rate applicable to borrowings under the revolving credit facility to the interest rate applicable to the 2014 Term Loans.
On March 7, 2014, we entered into Amendment No. 4 to our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement to, among other things, reprice the interest rate applicable to the 2013 Term Loans to the interest rate applicable to the 2014 Term Loans. The repricing of the interest rate applicable to borrowings under the revolving credit facility contemplated by Amendment No. 3 became effective on March 7, 2014, upon the effectiveness of Amendment No. 4.
As of March 7, 2014, all borrowings under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, as amended in February 2014 and March 2014, bear interest in a manner as described above for the 2014 Term Loans, at an interest rate of 3.50%.
Under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, we are required to pay a commitment fee equal to 0.50% per annum of the undrawn portion on the revolving credit facility, payable quarterly, and customary administrative agent and letter of credit fees.
The 2013 Amended Credit Agreement requires us to make principal payments on the 2013 Term Loans of $1.6 million per quarter through August 1, 2019, with the remaining balance due in September 2019. Optional prepayments of the loans are permitted without premium or penalty, other than customary breakage costs associated with the prepayment of loans bearing interest based on LIBO Rates. The loans are also subject to mandatory prepayment requirements with respect to certain asset sales, excess cash flows (as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement), and certain other events. Prepayments are applied first to the eight immediately following scheduled term loan principal payments, then pro rata to other remaining scheduled term loan principal payments, if any, and thereafter as otherwise provided in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement.
We are required to make principal payments of $0.8 million per quarter on the 2014 Term Loans commencing on May 1, 2014 and continuing through August 1, 2019, with the remaining balance due in September 2019. Optional prepayments of the 2014 Term Loans are permitted without premium or penalty, other than customary breakage costs associated with the prepayment of loans bearing interest based on LIBO Rates and a 1.0% premium applicable in the event of specified repricing transactions prior to September 8, 2014. The other terms, conditions and provisions applicable to the 2014 Term Loans, including provisions regarding security, guaranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of defaults, as described below, are consistent with those applicable to the 2013 Term Loans.
Our obligations under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement are guaranteed by substantially all of our domestic subsidiaries and certain foreign subsidiaries that have elected to be disregarded for U.S. tax purposes, and are secured by security interests in substantially all of our and their assets, subject to certain exceptions detailed in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement and related ancillary documents.
The 2013 Amended Credit Agreement contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants for credit facilities of this type, including limitations on us and our subsidiaries with respect to indebtedness, liens, nature of business, investments and loans, distributions, acquisitions, dispositions of assets, sale-leaseback transactions and transactions with affiliates. The revolving credit facility also contains a financial covenant that requires us to maintain a ratio of Consolidated Total Debt to Consolidated EBITDA (each as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, as amended) of no greater than 5.00 to 1 until January 31, 2016 and no greater than 4.50 to 1 thereafter (the "Leverage Ratio Covenant"). The limitations imposed by the covenants are subject to certain exceptions as detailed in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement. At January 31, 2014, our consolidated leverage ratio was approximately 2.30 to 1 compared to a permitted consolidated leverage ratio of 5.00 to 1, and our EBITDA for the twelve-month period then ended exceeded by at least $120.0 million the minimum EBITDA required to satisfy the leverage ratio covenant given our outstanding debt as of that date. At February 3, 2014, after giving effect to our incurrence of additional long-term debt in connection with our acquisition of KANA, as described in greater detail above, on a pro forma basis our consolidated leverage ratio was less than 4.25 to 1.
The 2013 Amended Credit Agreement provides for certain customary events of default with corresponding grace periods. These events of default include failure to pay principal or interest when due under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, failure to comply with covenants, any representation or warranty made by us proving to be inaccurate in any material respect, defaults under certain other indebtedness of ours or our subsidiaries, the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement) with respect to us and certain insolvency or receivership events affecting us or our significant subsidiaries. Upon the occurrence of an event of default resulting from a violation of the Leverage Ratio Covenant, the lenders under our revolving credit facility may require us to immediately repay outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility and may terminate their commitments to provide loans under that facility. A violation of the Leverage Ratio Covenant would not, by itself, result in an event of default under the 2013 Term Loans or 2014 Term Loans, but may trigger a cross-default under the term loans in the event we are required to repay outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility. Upon the occurrence of other events of default, the lenders may require us to immediately repay all outstanding borrowings under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement and the lenders under our revolving credit facility may terminate their commitments to provide loans under the facility.
Convertible Preferred Stock
Our capitalization previously included Series A Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock ("Preferred Stock") originally issued in May 2007 which, as of January 31, 2013, had a carrying value of $285.5 million and a liquidation preference and redemption value of $365.9 million. All of the Preferred Stock was originally issued to, and as of January 31, 2013 continued to be held by, CTI.
On August 12, 2012, we entered into the CTI Merger Agreement providing for the merger of CTI with and into our new, wholly owned subsidiary. The CTI Merger was completed on February 4, 2013 and eliminated CTI's majority ownership and control of us. Each outstanding share of our Preferred Stock, all of which was held by CTI, was canceled upon completion of the CTI Merger.
Further details regarding the Preferred Stock appear in Note 9, "Convertible Preferred Stock" and further details regarding the CTI Merger Agreement appear in Note 4, "Merger with CTI" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
Contractual Obligations
At January 31, 2014, our contractual obligations were as follows:
The long-term debt obligations reflected above include projected interest payments over the term of our outstanding debt as of January 31, 2014, assuming an interest rate of 4.00%, which was the interest rate in effect for our term loan borrowings as of January 31, 2014.
As described above under "Credit Agreements", on February 3, 2014, we incurred additional long-term debt in connection with our acquisition of KANA. As a result, our long-term debt obligations, including projected future interest, have increased from approximately $788 million at January 31, 2014 to approximately $1.3 billion at February 3, 2014 (including the impact of the March 2014 amendment to our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement). This increase results primarily from the impact of the additional long-term debt, partially offset by the impact of lower projected interest rates associated with the February 2014 and March 2014 amendments to our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement. Details regarding our long-term debt obligations are provided in Note 7, "Long-Term Debt" and Note 19, "Subsequent Events" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
Operating lease obligations reflected above exclude future sublease income from certain space we have subleased to third parties. As of January 31, 2014, total expected future sublease income is $2.6 million and ranges from $0.3 million to $0.8 million on an annual basis through March 2018.
Additional operating lease obligations that we assumed upon the February 3, 2014 acquisition of KANA and March 31, 2014 acquisition of UTX are estimated to be less than $10.0 million and are not included in the table presented above.
Our purchase obligations are associated with agreements for purchases of goods or services generally including agreements that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transactions. Agreements to purchase goods or services that have cancellation provisions with no penalties are excluded from these purchase obligations.
Our consolidated balance sheet at January 31, 2014 included $42.3 million of non-current tax reserves, net of related benefits (including interest and penalties of $8.7 million) for uncertain tax positions. However, these amounts are not included in the table above because it is not possible to predict or estimate the timing of payments for these obligations. We do not expect to make any significant payments for these uncertain tax positions within the next 12 months.
Contingent Payments Associated with Business Combinations
In connection with certain of our business combinations, we have agreed to make contingent cash payments to the former shareholders of the acquired companies based upon achievement of performance targets following the acquisition dates. Excluding the CTI Merger, we completed five business combinations during the year ended January 31, 2014, all of which included contingent cash consideration arrangements. Please refer to Note 5, "Business Combinations" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report for information regarding our business combinations.
For the year ended January 31, 2014, we made $17.1 million of payments under contingent consideration arrangements. As of January 31, 2014, potential future cash payments and earned consideration expected to be paid subsequent to January 31, 2014 under contingent consideration arrangements total $38.0 million, the estimated fair value of which was $17.3 million of which $9.9 million is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and $7.4 million is included within other liabilities. The performance periods associated with these potential payments extend through January 2019.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of January 31, 2014, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that we believe have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
New Accounting Pronouncements Implemented
In July 2012, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2012-02, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment, which simplifies how entities test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment and improves consistency in impairment testing requirements among long-lived asset categories. These amended standards permit an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value. For assets in which this assessment concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value is more than its carrying value, these amended standards eliminate the requirement to perform quantitative impairment testing. The amended guidance was effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted. Our adoption of this guidance effective February 1, 2013 did not materially impact our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which contained amended standards regarding disclosure requirements for items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"). These amended standards require the disclosure of information about the amounts reclassified out of AOCI by component and, in addition, require disclosure, either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes, of significant amounts reclassified out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount reclassified is required to be reclassified in its entirety in the same reporting period. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required to cross-reference to other disclosures that provide additional details about those amounts. These amended standards do not change the current
requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in the consolidated financial statements. These amended standards were effective for us on February 1, 2013, and adoption of this guidance did not materially impact our consolidated financial statements. The disclosures required by the amended standards appear in Note 10, "Stockholders' Equity" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.
In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-10, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate (or Overnight Index Swap Rate) as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes, permitting entities to use the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes under Topic 815, in addition to the U.S. Treasury rate and the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). The amendments also remove the restriction on using different benchmark rates for similar hedges. The amendments in this ASU were effective prospectively for qualifying new or redesignated hedging relationships entered into on or after July 17, 2013. We adopted the amendments in this ASU effective July 17, 2013, and the initial adoption of the amendments in this ASU did not impact our consolidated financial statements.
In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists. ASU No. 2013-11 requires that entities with an unrecognized tax benefit and a net operating loss carryforward or similar tax loss or tax credit carryforward in the same jurisdiction as the uncertain tax position present the unrecognized tax benefit as a reduction of the deferred tax asset for the loss or tax credit carryforward rather than as a liability, when the uncertain tax position would reduce the loss or tax credit carryforward under the tax law, thereby eliminating diversity in practice regarding this presentation issue. We adopted ASU No. 2013-11 in our consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2014, but did not retrospectively apply the standard to our consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2013. The adoption of this standard did not materially impact our consolidated financial statements.
New Accounting Pronouncements To Be Implemented
In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-05, Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830): Parent's Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity. This new standard is intended to resolve diversity in practice regarding the release into net income of a cumulative translation adjustment upon derecognition of a subsidiary or group of assets within a foreign entity. ASU No. 2013-05 is effective prospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2013. We are currently reviewing this standard, but we do not anticipate that its adoption will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, absent any material transactions involving the derecognition of subsidiaries or groups of assets within a foreign entity.
Item 7A.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial condition due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. To manage the volatility relating to interest rate and foreign currency risks, we periodically enter into derivative instruments including foreign currency forward exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements. It is our policy to enter into derivative transactions only to the extent considered necessary to meet our risk management objectives. We use derivative instruments solely to reduce the financial impact of these risks and do not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Risk on Our Debt
On March 6, 2013, we entered into an amendment and restatement agreement with the lenders under the 2011 Credit Agreement providing for the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement. The 2013 Amended Credit Agreement provided for $850.0 million of senior secured credit facilities, comprised of a $650.0 million term loan maturing in September 2019 and a $200.0 million revolving credit facility maturing in March 2018, subject to increase (up to a maximum increase of $300.0 million) and reduction from time to time according to the terms of the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement.
Prior to March 7, 2014, loans under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement incurred interest, payable quarterly or, in the case of Eurodollar loans with an interest period of three months or shorter, at the end of any interest period, at a per annum rate of, at our election:
(a) in the case of Eurodollar loans, the Adjusted LIBO Rate plus 3.00% (or, if our corporate credit ratings are BB- and Ba3 or better, 2.75%). The Adjusted LIBO Rate is the greater of (i) 1.00% per annum and (ii) the product of the LIBO Rate and Statutory Reserves (both as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement), and
(b) in the case of Base Rate loans, the Base Rate plus 2.00% (or, if our corporate credit ratings are BB- and Ba3 or better, 1.75%). The Base Rate is the greatest of (i) the administrative agent's prime rate, (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement) plus 0.50% and (iii) the Adjusted LIBO Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%.
On February 3, 2014, in connection with the acquisition of KANA, we borrowed $125.0 million under our revolving credit facility, and we entered into Amendment No. 1 to our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement pursuant to which we incurred $300.0 million of incremental term loans. The net proceeds from these borrowings were used to fund a portion of the KANA purchase price.
The initial interest rate on the revolving credit borrowings was 4.00%, but was adjusted to 3.50% on March 7, 2014, as described below.
The 2014 Term Loans bear interest, payable quarterly or, in the case of Eurodollar loans with an interest period of three months or less, at the end of the applicable interest period, at a per annum rate of, at our election:
(a) in the case of Eurodollar loans, the Adjusted LIBO Rate plus 2.75%. The Adjusted LIBO Rate is the greater of (i) 0.75% per annum and (ii) the product of (x) the LIBO Rate and (y) Statutory Reserves (both as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement), and
(b) in the case of Base Rate loans, the Base Rate plus 1.75%. The Base Rate is the greatest of (i) the administrative agent’s prime rate, (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement) plus 0.50% and (iii) the Adjusted LIBO Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%.
The initial interest rate on the 2014 Term loans was 3.50%.
On February 3, 2014, we also entered into Amendment No. 2 to the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement which, among other things, (i) permits us to increase the permitted amount of additional incremental term loans and revolving credit commitments under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement (beyond the 2014 Term Loans borrowed under Amendment No. 1) by up to, in the aggregate, $200.0 million plus an additional amount such that the First Lien Leverage Ratio (as defined in Amendment No. 2) would not exceed the specified maximum ratio set forth therein, (ii) increased the size of certain negative covenant basket carve-outs, (iii) permits us to issue Permitted Convertible Indebtedness (as defined in Amendment No. 2), and (iv) permits us to refinance all or a portion of any existing class of term loans under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement with replacement term loans.
Further, on February 3, 2014, we entered into Amendment No. 3 to the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement which extended by one year, to January 31, 2016, the step-down date of the leverage ratio covenant applicable to the revolving credit facility and, at the March 7, 2014 effectiveness of Amendment No. 4 (as described below), repriced the interest rate applicable to borrowings under the revolving credit facility to the interest rate applicable to the 2014 Term Loans.
On March 7, 2014, we entered into Amendment No. 4 to our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement to, among other things, reprice the interest rate applicable to the 2013 Term Loans to the interest rate applicable to the 2014 Term Loans. The repricing of the interest rate applicable to borrowings under the revolving credit facility contemplated by Amendment No. 3 became effective on March 7, 2014, upon the effectiveness of Amendment No. 4.
Because the interest rates applicable to borrowings under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement are variable, we are exposed to market risk from changes in the underlying index rates, which affect our cost of borrowing. The periodic interest rates on the term loans under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement are currently a function of several factors, most importantly the LIBO Rate and the applicable interest rate margin. However, borrowings are subject to a 0.75% LIBO Rate floor in the interest rate calculation, which currently reduces the likelihood of increases in the periodic interest rate, because current short-term LIBO Rates are well below 0.75%, and accordingly changes in short-term LIBO Rates will not impact the calculation unless those rates increase above 0.75%. Based upon our borrowings as of February 3, 2014, for each 1.00% increase in the applicable LIBO Rate above 0.75%, our annual interest payments would increase by approximately $10.7 million.
Previously, we utilized a pay-fixed/receive-variable interest rate swap agreement to partially mitigate the variable interest rate risk associated with a prior credit agreement. We may consider utilizing interest rate swap agreements, or other agreements intended to mitigate variable interest rate risk, in the future.
Interest Rate Risk on Our Investments
We invest in cash, cash equivalents, bank time deposits and marketable debt securities. Interest rate changes could result in an increase or decrease in interest income we generate from these interest-bearing assets. Our cash, cash equivalents, and bank time deposits are primarily maintained at high credit-quality financial institutions around the world, and our marketable debt investments are restricted to highly rated corporate debt securities. We have not invested in marketable debt securities with remaining maturities in excess of twelve months or in equity securities during the three-year period ended January 31, 2014.
The primary objective of our investment activities is the preservation of principal while maximizing investment income and minimizing risk. We have investment guidelines relative to diversification and maturities designed to maintain safety and liquidity.
As of January 31, 2014 and 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling approximately $378.6 million and $210.0 million, respectively, consisting of demand deposits, bank time deposits with maturities of three months or less, money market accounts, and marketable debt securities with remaining maturities of three months or less. At such dates we also held $6.4 million and $11.1 million, respectively, of cash equivalents which were restricted and were not available for general operating use. These balances primarily represent short-term deposits to secure bank guarantees in connection with sales contracts. The amounts of these deposits can vary depending upon the terms of the underlying contracts. We also had short-term investments of $32.0 million and $13.6 million at January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, consisting of bank time deposits and marketable debt securities of corporations, all with remaining maturities in excess of three months at the time of purchase.
To provide a meaningful assessment of the interest rate risk associated with our investment portfolio, we performed a sensitivity analysis to determine the impact a change in interest rates would have on the value of the investment portfolio assuming, during the year ending January 31, 2015, average short-term interest rates increase or decrease by 50 basis points relative to average rates realized during the year ended January 31, 2014. Such a change would cause our projected interest income from cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and bank time deposits, and short-term investments to increase or decrease by approximately $2.1 million, assuming a similar level of investments in the year ending January 31, 2015 as in the year ended January 31, 2014.
Due to the short-term nature of our cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, money market accounts and marketable debt securities, their carrying values approximate their market values and are not generally subject to price risk due to fluctuations in interest rates. See Note 3, "Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments" to our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
of Verint Systems Inc.
Melville, New York
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Verint Systems Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of January 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2014. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Verint
Systems Inc. and subsidiaries as of January 31, 2014 and 2013, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2014, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2014, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 31, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
New York, New York
March 31, 2014
VERINT SYSTEMS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
January 31, 2014 and 2013
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
VERINT SYSTEMS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
VERINT SYSTEMS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
VERINT SYSTEMS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
VERINT SYSTEMS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
VERINT SYSTEMS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business
Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "Verint", "we", "us", and "our" in these notes to consolidated financial statements refer to Verint Systems Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Verint is a global leader in Actionable Intelligence solutions. Actionable Intelligence is a necessity in a dynamic world of massive information growth because it empowers organizations with crucial insights and enables decision makers to anticipate, respond, and take action. With Verint solutions and value-added services, organizations of all sizes and across many industries can make more timely and effective decisions. Today, more than 10,000 organizations in over 180 countries, including over 80 percent of the Fortune 100, use Verint solutions to improve enterprise performance and make the world a safer place.
Significant Change in Ownership
For the periods presented in these consolidated financial statements through and including January 31, 2013, Comverse Technology, Inc. ("CTI"), beneficially owned a majority of our common stock (assuming the conversion of CTI’s preferred stock holdings into common stock) and held a majority of the voting power of our common stock. On February 4, 2013, CTI was merged with and into our new, wholly owned subsidiary, eliminating CTI's majority ownership and control of us. Further details are provided in Note 4, "Merger with CTI".
During the years ended January 31, 2013 and 2012, CTI did not provide us with material levels of corporate or administrative services.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Verint Systems Inc., our wholly owned subsidiaries, and a joint venture in which we hold a 50% equity interest. This joint venture functions as a systems integrator for Asian markets and is a variable interest entity in which we are the primary beneficiary. Investments in companies in which we have less than a 20% ownership interest and do not exercise significant influence are accounted for at cost. We include the results of operations of acquired companies from the date of acquisition. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires our management to make estimates and assumptions, which may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash primarily consists of cash on hand and bank deposits. Cash equivalents primarily consist of interest-bearing money market accounts and other highly liquid investments with remaining maturities of three months or less when purchased.
Restricted Cash and Bank Time Deposits
Restricted cash and restricted bank time deposits are pledged as collateral or otherwise restricted as to use for vendor payables, general liability insurance, workers’ compensation insurance, warranty programs, and other obligations. Restricted bank time deposits generally consist of certificates of deposit with original maturities of between 30 and 360 days.
Investments
Our investments generally consist of bank time deposits, and marketable debt securities of corporations, the U.S. government, and agencies of the U.S. government, all with remaining maturities in excess of three months at the time of purchase. We do not invest in auction rate securities as a matter of policy.
Investments in marketable securities which are classified as available-for-sale are stated at fair value based on market quotes. Investments in time deposits and in certain marketable debt securities which are classified as held-to-maturity are stated at amortized cost. Occasionally, investments with stated maturities beyond one year are classified as short-term if the securities are highly marketable and readily convertible into cash for current operations, although we held no such securities at January 31, 2014 and 2013. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, net of deferred taxes, are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. We recognize realized gains and losses upon sale of short-term investments and declines in value deemed to be other than temporary using the specific identification method. Interest on short-term investments is recognized within income when earned.
We periodically review our investments for indications of possible impairment in value. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is other than temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below the cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, and our intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. Upon sale, the cumulative unrealized gain or loss associated with the sold security that was previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is reclassified into the consolidated statement of operations as a realized gain (loss), which is included in other income (expense), net.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, bank time deposits, short-term investments, and trade accounts receivable. We invest our cash in bank accounts, certificates of deposit, and money market accounts with major financial institutions, in U.S. Treasury and agency obligations, and in debt securities of corporations. By policy, we seek to limit credit exposure on investments through diversification and by restricting our investments to highly rated securities.
We grant credit terms to our customers in the ordinary course of business. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable are limited due to the large number of customers comprising our customer base and their dispersion across different industries and geographic areas.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are not interest-bearing.
Accounts receivable, net, includes costs in excess of billings and estimated earnings on arrangements recognized under contract
accounting methods, representing revenue recognized on contracts for which billing will occur in subsequent periods, in accordance with the terms of the contracts. Costs in excess of billings and estimated earnings on such contracts were $22.5 million and $5.1 million as of January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
The application of our revenue recognition policies sometimes results in circumstances for which we are unable to recognize revenue relating to sales transactions that have been billed, but the related account receivable has not been collected. For consolidated balance sheet presentation purposes, we do not recognize the deferred revenue or the related account receivable and no amounts appear in our consolidated balance sheets for such transactions. Only to the extent that we have received cash for a given deferred revenue transaction is the amount included in deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
We estimate the collectability of our accounts receivable balances each accounting period and adjust our allowance for doubtful
accounts accordingly. We exercise a considerable amount of judgment in assessing the collectability of accounts receivable, including consideration of the creditworthiness of each customer, their collection history, and the related aging of past due accounts receivable balances. We evaluate specific accounts when we learn that a customer may be experiencing a deterioration of its financial condition due to lower credit ratings, bankruptcy, or other factors that may affect its ability to render payment. We write-off an account receivable and charge it against its recorded allowance at the point when it is considered uncollectible.
The following table summarizes the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
(1) Includes balances from acquisitions and changes in balances resulting from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the weighted-average method of inventory accounting. The valuation of our inventories requires us to make estimates regarding excess or obsolete inventories, including making estimates of the future demand for our products. Although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of our forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand, price, or technological developments could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and reported operating results. Charges for excess and obsolete inventories are included within cost of revenue.
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Equipment, furniture and other are depreciated over periods ranging from three to ten years. Software is depreciated over periods ranging from three to four years. We own a single building at January 31, 2014, which is being depreciated over a period of twenty-five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the related lease term.
The cost of maintenance and repairs of property and equipment is charged to operations as incurred. When assets are retired or
disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization thereon are removed from the consolidated balance sheet and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations.
Goodwill, Other Acquired Intangible Assets, and Long-Lived Assets
We record goodwill when the purchase price of net tangible and intangible assets we acquire exceeds their fair value. Other acquired intangible assets include identifiable acquired technologies, in-process research and development ("IPR&D"), trade names, customer relationships, distribution networks, non-competition agreements, and sales backlog. We amortize the cost of finite-lived identifiable intangible assets over their estimated useful lives, which are periods of ten years or less. Amortization is based on the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are expected to be realized, which typically is on a straight-line basis.
We regularly perform reviews to determine if the carrying values of our goodwill and other intangible assets are impaired.
We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level, which can be an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, on an annual basis as of November 1, or more frequently if changes in facts and circumstances indicate that impairment in the value of goodwill may exist. As of January 31, 2014, our reporting units are consistent with our operating segments identified in Note 18, "Segment, Geographic, and Significant Customer Information".
We review goodwill for impairment utilizing either a qualitative assessment or a two-step process. If we decide that it is appropriate to perform a qualitative assessment and conclude that the fair value of a reporting unit more likely than not exceeds its carrying value, no further evaluation is necessary. For reporting units where we perform the two-step process, the first step requires us to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit and compare that fair value to the respective carrying value, which includes goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill is not considered impaired and no further evaluation is necessary. If the carrying value is higher than the estimated fair value, there is an indication that impairment may exist and the second step is required. In the second step, the implied fair value of goodwill is calculated as the excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the fair values assigned to its assets and liabilities. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill, the difference is recognized as an impairment charge.
For reporting units where we decide to perform a qualitative assessment, we assess and make judgments regarding a variety of factors which potentially impact the fair value of a reporting unit, including general economic conditions, industry and market-specific conditions, customer behavior, cost factors, our financial performance and trends, our strategies and business plans,
capital requirements, management and personnel issues, and our stock price, among others. We then consider the totality of these and other factors, placing more weight on the events and circumstances that are judged to most affect a reporting unit’s fair value or the carrying amount of its net assets, to reach a qualitative conclusion regarding whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount.
For reporting units where we perform the two-step process, we utilize some or all of three primary approaches to assess fair value: (a) an income-based approach, using projected discounted cash flows, (b) a market-based approach, using multiples of comparable companies, and (c) a transaction-based approach, using multiples for recent acquisitions of similar businesses made in the marketplace. Our estimate of fair value of each reporting unit is based on a number of subjective factors, including: (a) appropriate consideration of valuation approaches (income approach, comparable public company approach, and comparable transaction approach), (b) estimates of future growth rates, (c) estimates of our future cost structure, (d) discount rates for our estimated cash flows, (e) selection of peer group companies for the public company and the market transaction approaches, (f) required levels of working capital, (g) assumed terminal value, and (h) time horizon of cash flow forecasts.
Further information regarding our annual goodwill impairment reviews appears in Note 6, "Intangible Assets and Goodwill".
Acquired IPR&D projects which have not reached technological feasibility at the date of acquisition are considered indefinite-lived intangible assets and are not subject to amortization until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. Upon completion of the development process, the IPR&D assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. If a project is abandoned rather than completed, the IPR&D asset is written-off. IPR&D assets are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. The impairment test compares the fair value of the IPR&D asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the IPR&D asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
We review intangible assets that have finite useful lives and other long-lived assets when an event occurs indicating the potential for impairment. If any indicators are present, we perform a recoverability test by comparing the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the assets in question to their carrying amounts. If the undiscounted cash flows used in the test for recoverability are less than the long-lived assets carrying amount, we determine the fair value of the long-lived asset and recognize an impairment loss if the carrying amount of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. The impairment loss recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value.
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
Our recorded amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and bank time deposits, accounts receivable, investments, and accounts payable approximate fair value, due to the short-term nature of these instruments. We measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value disclosures regarding our money market funds, short-term investments, derivative financial instruments, contingent consideration obligations, and long-term debt are included in Note 13, "Fair Value Measurements".
Derivative Financial Instruments
As part of our risk management strategy, when considered appropriate, we use derivative financial instruments including foreign currency forward contracts and interest rate swap agreements to hedge against certain foreign currency and interest rate exposures. Our intent is to mitigate gains and losses caused by the underlying exposures with offsetting gains and losses on the derivative contracts. By policy, we do not enter into speculative positions with derivative instruments. The criteria we use for designating a derivative as a hedge include contemporaneous and ongoing documentation of the instrument’s effectiveness in risk reduction and direct matching of the financial instrument to the underlying transaction. We record all derivatives as assets or liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets at their fair values. Gains and losses from the changes in values of these derivatives are accounted for based on the use of the derivative and whether it qualifies for hedge accounting.
For the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, certain foreign currency forward contracts qualified for accounting as hedges and accordingly, the effective portions of the changes in fair value of these instruments were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in our consolidated balance sheets, net of applicable income taxes. The ineffective portion, if any, of these contracts is reported in other income (expense), net. For derivative financial instruments not accounted for as hedges, gains and losses from changes in their fair values are reported in other income (expense), net. See Note 14, "Derivative Financial Instruments", for further details regarding our hedging activities and related accounting policies.
Long-term Debt
We capitalize debt issuance costs, as well as costs incurred for subsequent modification of debt, incurred in connection with our long-term borrowings and credit facilities. We amortize these costs as an adjustment to interest expense over the remaining contractual life of the associated long-term borrowing or credit facility using the effective interest method for term loan borrowings and the straight-line method for revolving credit facilities. When unscheduled principal payments are made, we adjust the amortization of our deferred debt-related costs to reflect the expected remaining terms of the borrowing.
Segment Reporting
We have three operating segments, which are also our reportable segments, Enterprise Intelligence Solutions ("Enterprise
Intelligence"), Communications and Cyber Intelligence Solutions ("Communications Intelligence"), and Video and Situation Intelligence Solutions ("Video Intelligence"). We determine our reportable segments based on a number of factors our management uses to evaluate and run our business operations, including similarities of customers, products and technology. Our Chief Executive Officer is our chief operating decision maker, who utilizes segment revenue and segment operating contribution as the primary basis for assessing financial results of segments and for the allocation of resources. See Note 18, "Segment, Geographic, and Significant Customer Information", for a full description of our segments and related accounting policies.
Revenue Recognition
We derive and report our revenue in two categories: (a) product revenue, including sale of hardware products (which include software that works together with the hardware to deliver the product's essential functionality) and licensing of software products, and (b) service and support revenue, including revenue from installation services, post-contract customer support ("PCS"), project management, hosting services, software-as-a-service ("SaaS"), product warranties, consulting and training services.
Our revenue recognition policy is a critical component of determining our operating results and is based on a complex set of
accounting rules that require us to make significant judgments and estimates. Our customer arrangements typically include several elements, including products, services, and support. Revenue recognition for a particular arrangement is dependent upon such factors as the level of customization within the solution and the contractual delivery, acceptance, payment, and support terms with the customer. Significant judgment is required to conclude whether collectability of fees is reasonably assured and whether fees are fixed and determinable.
For arrangements that do not require significant modification or customization of the underlying products, we recognize revenue when we have persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the product has been delivered or the services have been provided to the customer, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. In addition, our multiple-element arrangements must be carefully reviewed to determine the selling price of each element.
Our multiple-element arrangements consist of a combination of our product and service offerings that may be delivered at various points in time. For arrangements within the scope of the multiple-deliverable guidance, a deliverable constitutes a separate unit of accounting when it has stand-alone value and there are no customer-negotiated refunds or return rights for the delivered elements. For multiple-element arrangements comprised only of tangible products containing software components and non-software components and related services, we allocate revenue to each element in an arrangement based on a selling price hierarchy. The selling price for a deliverable is based on its vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") if available, third-party evidence ("TPE") if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price ("ESP") if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. The total transaction revenue is allocated to the multiple elements based on each element's relative selling price compared to the total selling price. We limit the amount of revenue recognized for delivered elements to an amount that is not contingent upon future delivery of additional products or services or meeting of any specified performance conditions.
Our policy for establishing VSOE for installation, consulting, and training is based upon an analysis of separate sales of services. We utilize either the substantive renewal rate approach or the bell-shaped curve approach to establish VSOE for our PCS offerings, depending upon the business segment, geographical region, or product line.
TPE of selling price is established by evaluating largely similar and interchangeable competitor products or services in stand-alone sales to similarly situated customers. However, as most of our products contain a significant element of proprietary technology and its solutions offer substantially different features and functionality, the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality typically cannot be obtained. Additionally, as the Company is unable to reliably determine what competitors products' selling prices are on a stand-alone basis, the Company is not typically able to determine TPE.
If we are unable to determine the selling price because VSOE or TPE does not exist, we determine ESP for the purposes of allocating the arrangement by considering several external and internal factors including, but not limited to, pricing practices, similar product offerings, margin objectives, geographies in which we offer our products and services, internal costs, competition, and product life cycle. The determination of ESP is made through consultation with and approval by our management, taking into consideration our go-to-market strategies. We have established processes to update ESP for each element, when appropriate, to ensure that it reflects recent pricing experience.
For multiple-element arrangements comprised only of software products and related services, a portion of the total purchase price is allocated to the undelivered elements, primarily installation services, PCS, consulting and training services, using VSOE of fair value of the undelivered elements. The remaining portion of the total transaction value is allocated to the delivered software, referred to as the residual method. If we are unable to establish VSOE for the undelivered elements of the arrangement, revenue recognition is deferred for the entire arrangement until all elements of the arrangement are delivered. However, if the only undelivered element is PCS, we recognize the arrangement fee ratably over the PCS period.
For multiple-element arrangements that contain software and software related elements for which we are unable to establish VSOE of one or more elements, we use various available indicators of fair value and apply our best judgment to reasonably classify the arrangement's revenue into product revenue and service revenue for financial reporting purposes.
For multiple-element arrangements that are comprised of a combination of hardware and software elements, the total transaction value is bifurcated between the hardware elements and the software elements that are not essential to the functionality of the hardware, based on the relative selling prices of the hardware elements and the software elements as a group. Revenue is then recognized for the hardware and hardware-related services following the hardware revenue recognition methodology outlined above and revenue for the software and software-related services is recognized following the residual method or ratably over the PCS period if VSOE for PCS does not exist.
PCS revenue is derived from providing technical software support services and unspecified software updates and upgrades to
customers on a when-and-if-available basis. PCS revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance period, which in most cases is one year.
Under the substantive renewal rate approach, we believe it is necessary to evaluate whether both the support renewal rate and term are substantive and whether the renewal rate is being consistently applied to subsequent renewals for a particular customer. We establish VSOE under this approach through analyzing the renewal rate stated in the customer agreement and determining whether that rate is above the minimum substantive VSOE renewal rate established for that particular PCS offering. The minimum substantive VSOE rate is determined based upon an analysis of renewal rates associated with historical PCS contracts. For multiple-element software arrangements that do not contain a stated renewal rate, revenue associated with the entire bundled arrangement is recognized ratably over the PCS term. Multiple-element software arrangements that have a renewal rate below the minimum substantive VSOE rate are deemed to contain a more than insignificant discount element, for which VSOE cannot be established. We recognize aggregate contractual revenue for these arrangements over the period that the customer is entitled to renew its PCS at the discounted rate, but not to exceed the estimated economic life of the product. We evaluate many factors in determining the estimated economic life of our products, including the support period of the product, technological obsolescence, and customer expectations. We have concluded that our software products have estimated economic lives ranging from five to seven years.
Under the bell-shaped curve approach of establishing VSOE, we perform VSOE compliance tests to ensure that a substantial
majority of our actual PCS renewals are within a narrow range of pricing.
Some of our arrangements require significant customization of the product to meet the particular requirements of the customer. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized under contract accounting methods, typically using the percentage-of-completion ("POC") method. Under the POC method, revenue recognition is generally based upon the ratio of hours incurred to date to the total estimated hours required to complete the contract. Profit estimates on long-term contracts are revised periodically based on changes in circumstances, and any losses on contracts are recognized in the period that such losses become evident. If the range of profitability cannot be estimated, but some level of profit is assured, revenue is recognized to the extent of costs incurred, until such time that the project's profitability can be estimated or the services have been completed. In the event some level of profitability on a contract cannot be assured, the completed-contract method of revenue recognition is applied.
Our SaaS multiple-element arrangements are typically comprised of subscription and support fees from customers accessing our software, set-up fees, and fees for consultation services. We do not provide the customer the contractual right to take possession of the software at any time during the hosting period under these arrangements. We recognize revenue for
subscription and support services over the contract period originating when the subscription service is made available to the customer and the contractual hosting period has commenced. The initial set-up fees are recognized over the longer of the initial contract period or the period the customer is expected to benefit from payment of the up-front fees. Revenue from consultation services is generally recognized as services are completed.
If an arrangement includes customer acceptance criteria, revenue is not recognized until we can objectively demonstrate that the software or services meet the acceptance criteria, or the acceptance period lapses, whichever occurs earlier. If an arrangement containing software elements obligates us to deliver specified future software products or upgrades, revenue related to the software elements under the arrangement is initially deferred and is recognized only when the specified future software products or upgrades are delivered, or when the obligation to deliver specified future software products expires, whichever occurs earlier.
We record provisions for estimated product returns in the same period in which the associated revenue is recognized. We base these estimates of product returns upon historical levels of sales returns and other known factors. Actual product returns could be different from our estimates, and current or future provisions for product returns may differ from historical provisions. Concessions granted to customers are recorded as reductions to revenue in the period in which they were granted. The vast majority of our contracts are successfully completed, and concessions granted to customers are minimal in both dollar value and frequency.
Product revenue derived from shipments to resellers and original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") who purchase our products for resale are generally recognized when such products are shipped (on a "sell-in" basis) since we do not expect our resellers or OEMs to carry inventory of our products. We have historically experienced insignificant product returns from resellers and OEMs, and our payment terms for these customers are similar to those granted to our end-users. If a reseller or OEM develops a pattern of payment delinquency, or seeks payment terms longer than generally accepted, we defer the recognition of revenue until the receipt of cash. Our arrangements with resellers and OEMs are periodically reviewed as our business and products change.
In instances where revenue is derived from sale of third-party vendor services and we are a principal in the transaction, we generally record revenue on a gross basis and record costs related to a sale within cost of revenue. Though uncommon, in cases where we act as an agent between the customer and the vendor, revenue is recorded net of costs.
Multiple contracts with a single counterparty executed within close proximity of each other are evaluated to determine if the contracts should be combined and accounted for as a single arrangement. We record reimbursements from customers for out-of-pocket expenses as revenue. Shipping and handling fees and expenses that are billed to customers are recognized in revenue and the costs associated with such fees and expenses are recorded in cost of revenue. Historically, these fees and expenses have not been material. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities are excluded from revenue.
Cost of Revenue
Our cost of revenue includes costs of materials, compensation and benefit costs for operations and service personnel, subcontractor costs, royalties and license fees, depreciation of equipment used in operations and service, amortization of capitalized software development costs and certain purchased intangible assets, and related overhead costs.
Where revenue is recognized over multiple periods in accordance with our revenue recognition policies, we have made an accounting policy election whereby cost of product revenue, including hardware and third-party software license fees, are capitalized and recognized in the same period that product revenue is recognized, while installation and other service costs are generally expensed as incurred, except for certain contracts that are accounted for using contract accounting principles.
Deferred cost of revenue is classified in its entirety as current or long-term based on whether the related revenue will be recognized within twelve months of the origination date of the arrangement.
For certain contracts accounted for using contract accounting principles, revisions in estimates of costs and profits are reflected in the accounting period in which the facts that require the revision become known, if such facts become known subsequent to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements. If such facts become known before the issuance of the consolidated financial statements, the requisite revisions in estimates of costs and profits are reflected in the consolidated financial statements. At the time a loss on a contract becomes evident, the entire amount of the estimated loss is accrued. Related contract costs include all direct material and labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance.
Customer acquisition and origination costs, including sales commissions, are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses. These costs are expensed as incurred, with the exception of certain sales referral fees in our Communication Intelligence segment which are capitalized and amortized ratably over the revenue recognition period.
Research and Development, net
With the exception of certain software development costs, all research and development costs are expensed as incurred, and consist primarily of personnel and consulting costs, travel, depreciation of research and development equipment, and related overhead and other costs associated with research and development activities.
We receive non-refundable grants from the Israel Office of the Chief Scientist ("OCS") that fund a portion of our research and development expenditures. We currently only enter into non-royalty-bearing arrangements with the OCS which do not require us to pay royalties. Funds received from the OCS are recorded as a reduction to research and development expense. Royalties, to the extent paid, are recorded as part of our cost of revenue.
We also periodically derive benefits from participation in certain government-sponsored programs in other jurisdictions, for the support of research and development activities conducted in those locations.
Software Development Costs
Costs incurred to acquire or develop software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed are capitalized after technological feasibility is established, and continue to be capitalized through the general release of the related software product. Amortization of capitalized costs begins in the period in which the related product is available for general release to customers and is recorded on a straight-line basis, which approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits of the capitalized costs are expected to be realized, over the estimated economic lives of the related software products, generally four years.
Internal-Use Software
We capitalize costs associated with internal-use software systems that have reached the application development stage. These
capitalized costs include external direct costs utilized in developing or obtaining the applications and expenses for employees who are directly associated with the development of the applications. Capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and continues until the project is substantially complete and is ready for its intended purpose. Capitalized costs of computer software developed for internal use are amortized over estimates useful lives of four years on a straight-line basis, which best represents the pattern of the software’s use.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method which includes the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in our consolidated financial statements. Under this approach, deferred taxes are recorded for the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. The provision for income taxes represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus deferred taxes. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial statement and tax bases of our assets and liabilities, and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. The effects of future changes in income tax laws or rates are not anticipated.
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. The calculation of our tax provision involves the application of complex tax laws and requires significant judgment and estimates.
We evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets for each jurisdiction in which we operate at each reporting date, and establish valuation allowances when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income of the same character and in the same jurisdiction. We consider all available positive and negative evidence in making this assessment, including, but not limited to, the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. In circumstances where there is sufficient negative evidence indicating that our deferred tax assets are not more-likely-than-not realizable, we establish a valuation allowance.
We use a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by assessing whether they are more-likely-than-not sustainable, based solely on
their technical merits, upon examination and including resolution of any related appeals or litigation process. The second step is to measure the associated tax benefit of each position as the largest amount that we believe is more-likely-than-not realizable. Differences between the amount of tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in our income tax returns and the amount of tax benefits recognized in our financial statements represent our unrecognized income tax benefits, which we either record as a liability or as a reduction of deferred tax assets. Our policy is to include interest (expense and/or income) and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.
Functional Currency and Foreign Currency Transaction Gains and Losses
The functional currency for most of our foreign subsidiaries is the respective local currency, of which the notable exceptions are our subsidiaries in Israel and Canada, whose functional currencies are the U.S. dollar. Most of our revenue and materials purchased from suppliers are denominated in or linked to the U.S. dollar. Transactions denominated in currencies other than a functional currency (primarily compensation and benefits costs of foreign operations) are converted to the functional currency on the transaction date, and any resulting assets or liabilities are further translated at each reporting date and at settlement. Gains and losses recognized upon such translations are included within other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. We recorded net foreign currency losses of $6.1 million, and net foreign currency gains of $1.0 million and $1.4 million for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
For consolidated reporting purposes, in those instances where a foreign subsidiary has a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, revenue and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates for the reporting period, while assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end rates. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Stock-Based Compensation
We recognize the cost of employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of certain of our stock-based awards. We recognize the fair value of the award as compensation expense over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award.
Net Income Per Common Share Attributable to Verint Systems Inc.
Shares used in the calculation of basic net income per common share are based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the accounting period. Shares used in the calculation of basic net income per common share include vested but unissued shares underlying awards of restricted stock units when all necessary conditions for earning those shares have been satisfied at the award's vesting date, but exclude unvested shares of restricted stock because they are contingent upon future service conditions. Shares used in the calculation of diluted net income per common share are based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for the assumed exercise or vesting of all potentially dilutive stock options and other stock-based awards outstanding using the treasury stock method. Shares used in the calculation of diluted net income per common share also include the assumed conversion of our Series A Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock ("Preferred Stock"), if dilutive, for periods prior to cancellation of the Preferred Stock on February 4, 2013 in connection with the CTI Merger. In periods for which we report a net loss, basic net loss per common share and diluted net loss per common share are identical since the effect of potential common shares is anti-dilutive and therefore excluded.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
New Accounting Pronouncements Implemented
In July 2012, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2012-02, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment, which simplifies how entities test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment and improves consistency in impairment testing requirements among long-lived asset categories. These amended standards permit an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value. For assets in which this assessment concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value is more than its carrying value, these amended standards eliminate the requirement to perform quantitative impairment testing. The amended guidance was effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted. Our adoption of this guidance effective February 1, 2013 did not materially impact our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which contained amended standards regarding disclosure requirements for items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"). These amended standards require the disclosure of information about the amounts reclassified out of AOCI by component and, in addition, require disclosure, either on the face of the financial statements or in the notes, of significant amounts reclassified out of AOCI by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount reclassified is required to be reclassified in its entirety in the same reporting period. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required to cross-reference to other disclosures that provide additional details about those amounts. These amended standards do not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in the consolidated financial statements. These amended standards were effective for us on February 1, 2013, and adoption of this guidance did not materially impact our consolidated financial statements. The disclosures required by the amended standards appear in Note 10, "Stockholders' Equity".
In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-10, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate (or Overnight Index Swap Rate) as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes, permitting entities to use the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes under Topic 815, in addition to the U.S. Treasury rate and the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). The amendments also remove the restriction on using different benchmark rates for similar hedges. The amendments in this ASU were effective prospectively for qualifying new or redesignated hedging relationships entered into on or after July 17, 2013. We adopted the amendments in this ASU effective July 17, 2013, and the initial adoption of the amendments in this ASU did not impact our consolidated financial statements.
In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists. ASU No. 2013-11 requires that entities with an unrecognized tax benefit and a net operating loss carryforward or similar tax loss or tax credit carryforward in the same jurisdiction as the uncertain tax position present the unrecognized tax benefit as a reduction of the deferred tax asset for the loss or tax credit carryforward rather than as a liability, when the uncertain tax position would reduce the loss or tax credit carryforward under the tax law, thereby eliminating diversity in practice regarding this presentation issue. We adopted ASU No. 2013-11 in our consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2014, but did not retrospectively apply the standard to our consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2013. The adoption of this standard did not materially impact our consolidated financial statements.
New Accounting Pronouncements To Be Implemented
In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-05, Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830): Parent's Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity. This new standard is intended to resolve diversity in practice regarding the release into net income of a cumulative translation adjustment upon derecognition of a subsidiary or group of assets within a foreign entity. ASU No. 2013-05 is effective prospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2013. We are currently reviewing this standard, but we do not anticipate that its adoption will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, absent any material transactions involving the derecognition of subsidiaries or groups of assets within a foreign entity.
2.
NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO VERINT SYSTEMS INC.
The following table summarizes the calculation of basic and diluted net income per common share attributable to Verint Systems Inc. for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
We excluded the following weighted-average common shares underlying stock-based awards and the assumed conversion of our Preferred Stock from the calculations of diluted net income per common share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:
Our Preferred Stock was canceled in conjunction with the CTI Merger on February 4, 2013. The weighted-average common shares underlying the assumed conversion of the Preferred Stock for the year ended January 31, 2014 in the table above reflect the Preferred Stock as outstanding for only four days during the year ended January 31, 2014. Further details regarding the CTI Merger appear in Note 4, "Merger with CTI".
3. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The following tables summarize our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of January 31, 2014 and 2013:
Bank time deposits which are reported within short-term investments consist of deposits held outside of the U.S. with maturities of greater than three months, or without specified maturity dates which we intend to hold for periods in excess of three months.
As of January 31, 2014, all of our available-for-sale investments had contractual maturities of less than one year.
We report our available-for-sale securities at fair value, based on quoted market prices or other readily available market information. Unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable income taxes, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity on our consolidated balance sheets. Realized gains or losses, if applicable, are recorded in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statement of operations, using the specific identification method. Gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale securities during the year ended January 31, 2014 were not significant. We did not realize any gains or losses on sales of available-for-sale securities during the years ended January 31, 2013 and 2012.
During the year ended January 31, 2014, proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities were $178.8 million. Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities were not significant for the years ended January 31, 2013 and 2012.
We periodically review our investment portfolios to determine if any investment is other-than-temporarily impaired due to changes in credit risk or other potential valuation concerns. We believe that the investments we held at January 31, 2014 were not other-than-temporarily impaired. We held no available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses at January 31, 2014. We do not intend to sell our available-for-sale securities and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell them before recovery at par, which may be at maturity.
4. MERGER WITH CTI
Overview
On August 12, 2012, we entered into an agreement and plan of merger agreement with CTI (the "CTI Merger Agreement"), providing for the merger of CTI with and into our new, wholly owned subsidiary (the "CTI Merger") upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the CTI Merger Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the CTI Merger Agreement, the completion of the CTI Merger was contingent upon, among other things, CTI's completion of a distribution to its shareholders of substantially all of its assets other than its interests in us (the "Comverse share distribution") or other sale or disposition by CTI of these assets. On October 31, 2012, CTI completed the Comverse share distribution in which it distributed all of the outstanding shares of common stock of its subsidiary, Comverse, Inc. ("Comverse"), to its shareholders. As a result of the Comverse share distribution, Comverse became an independent public company and ceased to be a wholly owned subsidiary of CTI.
Following the satisfaction of the various conditions precedent to closing the CTI Merger, including the requisite approval of the CTI Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated by that agreement by our stockholders and the shareholders of CTI, the CTI Merger was completed on February 4, 2013. As of January 31, 2013, prior to the effective time of the CTI Merger, CTI held approximately a 53.5% beneficial ownership position in us, assuming conversion of all of our Preferred Stock then held by CTI, into shares of our common stock. The CTI Merger eliminated CTI's majority ownership and control of us.
At the closing of the CTI Merger, each issued and outstanding share of CTI common stock was converted into the right to receive new shares of our common stock at an exchange ratio of 0.1298 shares of our common stock for each share of CTI common stock, pursuant to which approximately 28.6 million newly issued shares of our common stock were exchanged for approximately 220.0 million issued and outstanding shares of CTI common stock. In addition, the 16.3 million shares of our common stock and all shares of our Preferred Stock held by CTI at the time of the CTI Merger were canceled, resulting in approximately 12.3 million incremental shares of our common stock outstanding upon completion of the CTI Merger.
The 28.6 million shares of our common stock issued to CTI shareholders in the CTI Merger were comprised of the following:
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16.3 million shares in exchange for the same number of shares held by CTI at the time of the CTI Merger.
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11.2 million shares in exchange for all shares of our Preferred Stock held by CTI at the time of the CTI Merger, calculated using the $366.1 million liquidation preference of the Preferred Stock at the CTI Merger date and a conversion price of $32.66 per share.
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0.8 million shares determined by dividing a $25.0 million "Target Amount" by $32.78, the average of the daily volume weighted average of the trading prices of our common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days ending on January 31, 2013. The $25.0 million "Target Amount" was determined in accordance with the CTI Merger Agreement and was based on CTI's successful distribution of their Comverse subsidiary to CTI's shareholders, as discussed below, on October 31, 2012.
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0.3 million shares determined by dividing CTI's $9.9 million positive net worth (as defined in the CTI Merger Agreement) at the effective date of the CTI Merger, by $32.78, the average of the daily volume weighted average of the trading prices of our common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days ending on January 31, 2013. The maximum allowable CTI positive net worth for which consideration was to be paid in the CTI Merger was $10.0 million.
Holders of shares of our common stock immediately prior to the completion of the CTI Merger, other than CTI, continued to own their existing shares, which were not affected by the CTI Merger.
The CTI Merger qualified as a tax-free reorganization for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Several agreements between Verint and CTI were executed concurrently with the CTI Merger Agreement, including a Voting Agreement and a Governance and Repurchase Rights Agreement, which terminated upon completion of the CTI Merger on February 4, 2013. These agreements governed certain activities of the parties prior to the CTI Merger, and also provided for certain rights and obligations in the event that the CTI Merger Agreement was terminated.
During the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, we incurred expenses associated with this matter of $0.6 million and $16.1 million, respectively, consisting primarily of legal and other professional fees, which have been expensed as incurred and are reflected within selling, general and administrative expenses.
As noted previously, on October 31, 2012, CTI completed the spin-off of Comverse as an independent, publicly traded company, accomplished by means of a pro rata distribution of 100% of Comverse's outstanding common shares to CTI's shareholders. Following the Comverse share distribution, Comverse and CTI operated independently, and neither had any ownership interest in the other. In order to govern certain ongoing relationships between CTI and Comverse after the Comverse share distribution and to provide mechanisms for an orderly transition, CTI and Comverse entered into a Distribution Agreement, Transition Services Agreement, Tax Disaffiliation Agreement and Employee Matters Agreement in connection with the Comverse share distribution.
The Distribution Agreement, among other things, provided for the allocation between CTI and Comverse of various assets, liabilities and obligations attributable to periods prior to the Comverse share distribution. Under the Distribution Agreement, Comverse agreed to indemnify CTI and its affiliates (including Verint following the CTI Merger) against certain losses arising as a result of the CTI Merger and the Comverse share distribution. Certain of Comverse's indemnification obligations are capped at $25.0 million and certain obligations are uncapped. Pursuant to the terms of the Distribution Agreement, at the closing of the CTI Merger, CTI placed $25.0 million of cash into an escrow account to support indemnification claims to the extent made against Comverse by CTI and its affiliates (including Verint after the CTI Merger). The balance remaining in such escrow account on August 4, 2014 (18 months after the closing of the CTI Merger), if any, will be released to Comverse. The escrow account cannot be used for claims related to an Israeli option holder lawsuit, details of which appear in Note 17, "Commitments and Contingencies".
Under the Transition Services Agreement, each of Comverse and CTI (including Verint after the CTI Merger) may provide the other with certain administrative services on an interim basis for agreed upon fees. The Tax Disaffiliation Agreement governs rights, responsibilities and obligations of CTI and Comverse after the Comverse share distribution with respect to tax liabilities and benefits, tax attributes, tax contests and other tax matters. The Employee Matters Agreement allocated liabilities and responsibilities relating to CTI and Comverse employee compensation and benefit plans.
Consolidated Financial Statement Impact
For financial reporting purposes, the CTI Merger was accounted for as our acquisition of CTI in a combination of entities under common control. We are the continuing reporting entity. Common control transactions are transfers and exchanges between entities that are under the control of the same parent, or are transactions in which all of the combining entities are controlled by the same party or parties before and after the transaction and that control is not transitory. When accounting for a transfer of assets or exchange of shares between entities under common control, the entity receiving the net assets or the equity interests recognizes the assets and liabilities transferred at their carrying amounts in the accounts of the transferring entity at the date of the transfer.
Following the October 31, 2012 Comverse share distribution, the net assets of CTI consisted primarily of its controlling equity interests in Verint, as well as certain residual cash and cash equivalents and other sundry net assets. In addition, CTI had net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards for income tax reporting purposes, and other tax attributes. No CTI employees, operations or business processes moved to the combined company in the CTI Merger. As a result, our existing net assets and operations represent the vast majority of the net assets and all of the operations of the combined company.
As a result of the CTI Merger, our consolidated stockholders' equity was adjusted to reflect the $285.5 million carrying value of our Preferred Stock, all of which was held by CTI, and the $14.1 million carrying value of CTI's net assets (other than its equity interests in us) at February 4, 2013, as increases to our additional paid-in capital. Prior to the CTI Merger, our Preferred Stock had been classified as mezzanine equity on our consolidated balance sheet. The majority of CTI's net assets (other than its equity interests in us) at February 4, 2013 consisted of cash and cash equivalents.
As noted above, CTI's net assets also included net deferred tax assets primarily relating to CTI's NOL carryforwards for income tax purposes. The net deferred tax assets were fully offset by unrecognized tax benefits and valuation allowances. Also included in CTI's net assets were $15.8 million of liabilities primarily related to certain unrecognized tax benefits (not offsetting NOL carryforwards) and accrued penalties and interest and corresponding indemnification assets totaling the same amount, recognizing Comverse's contractual obligation under the Tax Disaffiliation Agreement to indemnify us for these liabilities.
5.
BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
On February 4, 2014, we completed the acquisition of KANA (as defined in Note 19, "Subsequent Events"), a leading global provider of on-premises and cloud-based solutions which create differentiated, personalized, and integrated customer experiences for large enterprises and mid-market organizations.
On March 31, 2014, we completed the acquisition of UTX (as defined in Note 19, "Subsequent Events"), a provider of certain mobile device tracking solutions for security applications.
Please refer to Note 19, "Subsequent Events", for information regarding these business combinations.
Year Ended January 31, 2014
On February 4, 2013, we completed the CTI Merger, details for which appear in Note 4, "Merger with CTI".
Other Business Combinations
During the year ended January 31, 2014, in addition to the CTI Merger, we completed five business combinations:
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On August 1, 2013, we acquired certain technology and other assets for use in our Communications Intelligence operating segment in a transaction that qualified as a business combination.
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On October 4, 2013, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of a privately held company specializing in performance improvements in customer contact centers, based in the Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA") region, that is being integrated into our Enterprise Intelligence operating segment.
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On November 6, 2013, we acquired certain technology and other assets for use in our Communications Intelligence operating segment in a transaction that qualified as a business combination.
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On December 6, 2013, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of a privately held management consulting and performance management company, based in the Americas region, that is being integrated into our Enterprise Intelligence operating segment.
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On December 19, 2013, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of a privately held provider of fraud prevention and identity authentication solutions, based in the Americas region, that is being integrated into our Enterprise Intelligence operating segment.
These business combinations were not individually material to our consolidated financial statements.
We have included the financial results of these business combinations in our consolidated financial statements from their respective acquisition dates.
The combined consideration for these business combinations was approximately $46.1 million, including $34.2 million of combined cash paid at the closings. We also agreed to make potential additional cash payments to the respective former shareholders or asset owners aggregating up to approximately $27.4 million, contingent upon the achievement of certain performance targets over periods ending through January 2019. The combined fair values of these contingent consideration obligations were estimated to be $11.9 million as of the respective acquisition dates.
The $11.9 million acquisition date combined fair values of the contingent consideration obligations were estimated based on probability adjusted present values of the consideration expected to be transferred using significant inputs that are not observable in the market. Key assumptions used in these estimates included probability assessments with respect to the likelihood of achieving the performance targets and discount rates consistent with the level of risk of achievement. At each reporting date, we revalue the contingent consideration obligations to their fair values and record increases and decreases in fair value within selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligations result from changes in discount periods and rates, and changes in probability assumptions with respect to the likelihood of achieving the performance targets. For the year ended January 31, 2014, we recorded a charge of $0.3 million within selling, general and administrative expenses for changes in the fair values of these contingent consideration obligations, which primarily reflected the impacts of revised expectations of achieving the performance targets. As of January 31, 2014, the aggregate fair value of the contingent consideration obligations associated with these acquisitions was $12.1 million, of which $5.3 million was recorded within accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and $6.8 million was recorded within other liabilities.
The purchase prices were allocated to the tangible assets and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the acquisition dates, with the remaining unallocated purchase prices recorded as goodwill. The fair values assigned to identifiable intangible assets acquired in these business combinations were determined primarily by using the income approach, which discounts expected future cash flows attributable to these assets to present value using estimates and assumptions determined by management. The acquired identifiable finite-lived intangible assets are being amortized primarily on a straight-line basis, which we believe approximates the pattern in which the assets are utilized, over their estimated useful lives.
Included among the factors contributing to the recognition of goodwill in these transactions were synergies in products and technologies, and the addition of skilled, assembled workforces. Of the $19.0 million of goodwill associated with these business combinations, $18.3 million and $0.7 million was assigned to our Enterprise Intelligence and Communications Intelligence segments, respectively. For income tax purposes, $5.3 million of this goodwill is deductible and $13.7 million is not deductible.
Revenue and the impact on net income attributable to these acquisitions for the year ended January 31, 2014 were not significant.
Transaction and related costs, consisting primarily of professional fees and integration expenses, directly related to these acquisitions, totaled $2.7 million for the year ended January 31, 2014. All transaction and related costs were expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
The following table sets forth the components and the allocations of the combined purchase prices for the business combinations completed during the year ended January 31, 2014, other than the CTI Merger. These purchase price allocations have been prepared on a preliminary basis and changes to those allocations may occur as additional information becomes available during the respective measurement periods (up to one year from the respective acquisition dates).
For these acquisitions, customer relationships, developed technology, and trademarks and trade names were assigned estimated useful lives of from six years to nine years, from three years to five years, and from one year to two years, respectively, the weighted average of which is approximately 5.9 years.
The pro forma impact of these acquisitions was not material to our historical consolidated operating results and is therefore not presented.
Year Ended January 31, 2013
We did not complete any business combinations during the year ended January 31, 2013.
Year Ended January 31, 2012
Vovici Corporation
On August 4, 2011, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Vovici Corporation ("Vovici"), a U.S.-based provider of online survey management and enterprise feedback solutions. This acquisition enhanced our Enterprise Intelligence product suite to include comprehensive voice of the customer software and services offerings, designed to help organizations implement a single-vendor solution set for collecting, analyzing, and acting on customer insights. We have included the financial results of Vovici in our consolidated financial statements since August 4, 2011.
We acquired Vovici for total consideration of $66.1 million, including $56.1 million of cash paid at closing, $0.4 million of which was used to repay Vovici's bank debt. In addition, the consideration also included the exchange of certain unvested Vovici stock options for options to acquire approximately 42,000 shares of our common stock with fair values totaling $1.0
million, of which $0.1 million represented compensation for pre-acquisition services and was included in the consideration transferred and $0.9 million represented compensation for services to be performed subsequent to August 4, 2011, to be recognized as post-acquisition stock-based compensation expense over the remaining vesting periods of the awards. Also included in the consideration was $9.9 million for the fair value of potential additional cash payments to the former Vovici shareholders of up to approximately $19.1 million, payment of which was contingent upon the achievement of certain performance targets over the period from the acquisition date through January 31, 2013.
The $9.9 million acquisition date fair value of the contingent consideration obligation was estimated based on a probability adjusted present value of the consideration expected to be transferred using significant inputs that are not observable in the market. Key assumptions used in this estimate included probability assessments with respect to the likelihood of achieving the performance targets and discount rates consistent with the level of risk of achievement. At each reporting date prior to January 31, 2013, we revalued the contingent consideration obligation to its fair value and recorded increases and decreases in fair value within selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligation resulted from changes in discount periods and rates, and changes in probability assumptions with respect to the likelihood of achieving the performance targets.
As of January 31, 2013, $6.4 million had been accrued for the actual contingent consideration earned and expected to be paid to the former Vovici shareholders under this arrangement. This liability changed by a negligible amount during the three months ended April 30, 2013, and payment of this amount was made during the three months ended July 31, 2013. No contingent consideration had been paid to the former Vovici shareholders prior to this payment. We have no further contingent consideration obligations for this acquisition.
For the years ended January 31, 2013 and 2012, we recorded benefits of $0.8 million and $2.7 million, respectively, within selling, general and administrative expenses for changes in the fair value of the Vovici contingent consideration obligation, which primarily reflected the impacts of revised expectations of achieving the performance targets.
The purchase price was allocated to the tangible assets and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the acquisition date, with the remaining unallocated purchase price recorded as goodwill. The fair values assigned to identifiable intangible assets acquired were determined primarily by using the income approach, which discounts expected future cash flows to present value using estimates and assumptions determined by management. The acquired identifiable intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis, which we believe approximates the pattern in which the assets are utilized, over their estimated useful lives.
Among the factors contributing to the recognition of goodwill in this transaction were synergies in products and technologies, and the addition of a skilled, assembled workforce. This goodwill was assigned to our Enterprise Intelligence segment and was not deductible for income tax purposes.
In connection with the purchase price allocation, the estimated fair value of support obligations assumed from Vovici was determined utilizing a cost build-up approach. The cost build-up approach calculates fair value by estimating the costs relating to fulfilling the support obligations plus a normal profit margin, which approximates the amount that we believe would be required to pay a third party to assume these obligations. The estimated costs to fulfill the support obligation were based on the historical direct costs related to providing support services. These estimated costs did not include any costs associated with selling efforts or research and development or the related margins on these costs. Profit associated with selling efforts was excluded because the selling effort on the support contracts concluded prior to the August 4, 2011 acquisition date. The estimated profit margin was 15%, which we believe best approximated our operating profit margin to fulfill these support obligations. As a result, in allocating the purchase price, we recorded an adjustment to reduce the $5.3 million carrying value of Vovici’s deferred revenue to $2.3 million, representing the estimated fair value of the support obligations assumed. As former Vovici customers have renewed their support contracts, we have recognized revenue at the full contract value over the terms of the contracts.
Revenue attributable to Vovici from August 4, 2011 through January 31, 2012 was $5.0 million. The impact of Vovici on net income for that period was not significant.
Transaction and related costs, consisting primarily of professional fees and integration expenses directly related to the acquisition of Vovici, totaled $0.5 million and $3.4 million for the years ended January 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. All transaction and related costs were expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Global Management Technologies
On October 7, 2011, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Global Management Technologies ("GMT"), a U.S.-based provider of workforce management solutions whose software and services are widely used by organizations, particularly in retail branch banking environments. This acquisition added key functionality to our Enterprise Intelligence product suite. We have included the financial results of GMT in our consolidated financial statements since October 7, 2011.
We acquired GMT for total consideration of $36.6 million, including $24.6 million of cash paid at closing. In addition, the consideration included $12.0 million for the fair value of potential additional cash payments to the former GMT shareholders of up to approximately $17.4 million, payment of which was contingent upon the achievement of certain performance targets over the period from the acquisition date through January 31, 2014.
The $12.0 million acquisition date fair value of the contingent consideration obligation was estimated based on a probability adjusted present value of the consideration expected to be transferred using significant inputs that are not observable in the market. Key assumptions used in this estimate included probability assessments with respect to the likelihood of achieving the performance targets and discount rates consistent with the level of risk of achievement. At each reporting date, we revalue the contingent consideration obligation to its fair value and record increases and decreases in fair value within selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. Increases or decreases in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligation may result from changes in discount periods and rates, and changes in probability assumptions with respect to the likelihood of achieving the performance targets.
As of January 31, 2013, the fair value of the GMT contingent consideration was $2.8 million. During the year ended January 31, 2014, we reached an agreement to settle our potential obligations under the GMT contingent consideration arrangement with respect to the former GMT securityholders in exchange for a payment of $2.7 million. This payment, which was made during the year ended January 31, 2014, eliminated any remaining contingent consideration obligations to these former securityholders. No contingent consideration had been paid under the GMT contingent consideration arrangement prior to this payment. Certain other participants under the GMT contingent consideration arrangement, who were not GMT securityholders, were eligible to earn contingent consideration for the period ended January 31, 2014, none of which was earned. We have no further contingent consideration obligations for this acquisition.
For the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, we recorded benefits of $0.1 million, $6.8 million and $2.4 million, respectively, within selling, general and administrative expenses for changes in the fair value of the GMT contingent consideration obligation, which primarily reflected the impacts of revised expectations of achieving the performance targets.
The purchase price was allocated to the tangible assets and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the acquisition date, with the remaining unallocated purchase price recorded as goodwill. The fair values assigned to identifiable intangible assets acquired were determined primarily by using the income approach, which discounts expected future cash flows to present value using estimates and assumptions determined by management. The acquired identifiable intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis, which we believe approximates the pattern in which the assets are utilized, over their estimated useful lives.
Among the factors contributing to the recognition of goodwill in this transaction were synergies in products and technologies, and the addition of a skilled, assembled workforce. This goodwill was assigned to our Enterprise Intelligence segment and was deductible for income tax purposes.
In connection with the purchase price allocation, the estimated fair value of support obligations assumed from GMT was determined utilizing a cost build-up approach. The cost build-up approach calculates fair value by estimating the costs relating to fulfilling the obligations plus a normal profit margin, which approximates the amount that we believe would be required to pay a third party to assume the support obligations. The estimated costs to fulfill the support obligations were based on the historical direct costs related to providing support services. These estimated costs did not include any costs associated with selling efforts or research and development or the related margins on these costs. Profit associated with selling efforts was excluded because the selling effort on the support contracts was concluded prior to October 7, 2011. The estimated profit margin was 20%, which we believe best approximated our operating profit margin to fulfill these support obligations. As a result, in allocating the purchase price, we recorded an adjustment to reduce the $4.3 million carrying value of GMT’s deferred revenue to $1.2 million, representing the estimated fair value of the support obligations assumed. As former GMT customers have renewed their support contracts, we have recognized revenue at the full contract value over the terms of the contracts.
Revenue and the impact on net income attributable to GMT from October 7, 2011 through January 31, 2012 were not significant.
Transaction and related costs, consisting primarily of professional fees and integration expenses directly related to the acquisition of GMT, totaled $0.4 million and $1.6 million for the years ended January 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. All transaction and related costs were expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Other Business Combinations
During the year ended January 31, 2012, we executed the following additional business combinations:
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On March 30, 2011, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of a privately held company, based in Israel, that has been integrated into our Video Intelligence operating segment. This acquisition broadened our Video Intelligence product line.
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On August 2, 2011, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of a privately held provider of communications intelligence solutions, data retention services, and network performance management, based in the Americas region. This acquisition expanded our Communications Intelligence product portfolio and increased our presence in this region.
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On November 1, 2011, we acquired certain technology and other assets for use in our Communications Intelligence operating segment in a transaction that qualified as a business combination.
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On November 10, 2011, we acquired certain technology and other assets for use in our Enterprise Intelligence operating segment in a transaction that qualified as a business combination.
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On January 5, 2012, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of a privately held provider of web intelligence technology, based in the EMEA region, that has been integrated into our Communications Intelligence operating segment.
The combined consideration for these business combinations was approximately $55.2 million, including $33.8 million of combined cash paid at the closings. We also agreed to make potential additional cash payments to the respective former shareholders or asset owners aggregating up to approximately $41.0 million, payment of which is contingent upon the achievement of certain performance targets over periods ending through January 31, 2015. The combined fair values of these contingent consideration obligations were estimated to be $20.5 million as of the respective acquisition dates.
For the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, we recorded net benefits of $2.8 million, charges of $1.4 million, and net benefits of $0.4 million, respectively, within selling, general and administrative expenses for changes in the aggregate fair values of the contingent consideration obligations associated with these acquisitions, reflecting the impacts of revised expectations of achieving the performance targets, as well as decreases in the discount periods since the acquisition dates. As of January 31, 2014, the aggregate fair value of the contingent consideration obligations associated with these acquisitions was $5.2 million, of which $4.6 million was recorded within accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and $0.6 million was recorded within other liabilities. During the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, we made payments of $7.8 million and $5.7 million, respectively, to the former shareholders or asset owners under these arrangements. No such payments were made during the year ended January 31, 2012.
The purchase prices were allocated to the tangible assets and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the acquisition dates, with the remaining unallocated purchase prices recorded as goodwill. The fair values assigned to identifiable intangible assets acquired in these business combinations were determined primarily by using the income approach, which discounts expected future cash flows to present value using estimates and assumptions determined by management. The acquired identifiable finite-lived intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis, which we believe approximates the pattern in which the assets are utilized, over their estimated useful lives.
Intangible assets acquired in these business combinations included several IPR&D assets with estimated fair values totaling $2.5 million. IPR&D assets are considered indefinite-lived intangible assets until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. The fair values of the IPR&D assets were estimated by projecting the costs required to develop the IPR&D assets into commercially viable products, estimating the resulting net cash flows from the projects when completed and discounting the net cash flows to their present values. We will amortize these intangible assets once the projects are complete. Currently, we expect to complete the remaining IPR&D projects during the year ended January 31, 2015. IPR&D assets are subject to impairment testing at least annually, or more frequently if circumstances are identified indicating the potential for impairment.
Among the factors contributing to the recognition of goodwill in these transactions were synergies in products and technologies, and the additions of skilled, assembled workforces. Of the $30.5 million of goodwill associated with these business combinations, $10.1 million was assigned to our Video Intelligence segment and was not deductible for income tax
purposes, $2.0 million was assigned to our Enterprise Intelligence segment and was not deductible for income tax purposes, and $18.4 million was assigned to our Communications Intelligence segment, of which $8.3 million was deductible, and $10.1 million was not deductible, for income tax purposes.
Revenue and the impact on net income attributable to these acquisitions for the year ended January 31, 2012 were not significant.
Transaction and related costs, consisting primarily of professional fees and integration expenses, directly related to these acquisitions, totaled $0.8 million and $5.0 million for the years ended January 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. All transaction and related costs were expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
In connection with the foregoing August 2, 2011 Communications Intelligence acquisition, the purchase price allocation included liabilities for uncertain tax positions and certain other liabilities associated with pre-acquisition business activities of the acquired company. Based upon our evaluation of these matters, including assessments of additional information obtained subsequent to the August 2, 2011 acquisition date regarding facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, the purchase price allocation for this acquisition included current liabilities of approximately $4.7 million associated with certain other pre-acquisition business activities of the acquired company and long-term liabilities of approximately $5.2 million associated with uncertain tax positions of the acquired company. Corresponding indemnification assets of $4.7 million and $5.2 million, respectively, classified as current and long-term in the same manner, were also recorded as components of the purchase price allocation for this acquisition, recognizing the selling shareholders’ contractual obligation to indemnify us for these pre-acquisition liabilities and were measured on the same basis as the corresponding liabilities.
As of January 31, 2014 and 2013, the liabilities associated with certain other pre-acquisition business activities of the acquired company, included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities, were $1.8 million and $3.0 million, respectively, and the corresponding indemnification assets, reflected within prepaid expenses and other current assets, were also $1.8 million and $3.0 million, respectively. The changes in these carrying values during the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013 reflected derecognition of certain liabilities and corresponding indemnification assets and the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. These changes were offsetting and therefore did not impact our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended January 31, 2014. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities also did not impact our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended January 31, 2013 and 2012.
As of January 31, 2014 and 2013, the liabilities associated with pre-acquisition uncertain tax positions of the acquired company were $1.5 million and $3.0 million, respectively, and were included within other liabilities. The corresponding indemnification assets as of January 31, 2014 and 2013 were $0.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively, and were included within other assets. During the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, we met the criteria required to adjust several of these pre-acquisition uncertain tax positions, and therefore tax liabilities of $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, were reversed and reflected as components of the provision for income taxes for those years. Because the liabilities for the uncertain tax positions were reversed, we also recorded write-offs of the corresponding indemnification assets for the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013 of $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, which are included in other income (expense), net for those years. In addition, during the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, based upon our assessment of the collectibility of the indemnification from the former shareholders of the acquired company, we recognized impairments of $0.9 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of the indemnification assets associated with these liabilities, which are included in other income (expense), net for those years. No impairment was recognized for the year ended January 31, 2012. The carrying values of these assets and liabilities were also impacted by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
Purchase Price Allocations
The following table sets forth the components and the allocations of the purchase prices for the acquisitions of Vovici and GMT, as well as the combined purchase prices for our other individually insignificant acquisitions completed during the year ended January 31, 2012, reflecting all subsequent purchase price allocation adjustments:
(1) The weighted-average estimated useful life of all finite-lived identifiable intangible assets is 7.5 years.
For the acquisition of Vovici, the acquired developed technology, customer relationships, and trademarks and trade names were assigned estimated useful lives of six years, ten years, and five years, respectively, the weighted average of which is approximately 8.1 years.
For the acquisition of GMT, the acquired developed technology, customer relationships, and trademarks and trade names were assigned estimated useful lives of five years, ten years, and three years, respectively, the weighted average of which is approximately 7.2 years.
For the other acquisitions, the acquired developed technology, customer relationships, trademarks and trade names, and other identifiable intangible assets were assigned estimated useful lives of from six years to seven years, from four years to ten years, from four years to five years, and from three years to four years, respectively, the weighted average of which is approximately 6.7 years.
6.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
Acquisition-related intangible assets consisted of the following as of January 31, 2014 and 2013:
The following table presents net acquisition-related intangible assets by reportable segment as of January 31, 2014 and 2013:
Total amortization expense recorded for acquisition-related intangible assets was $36.9 million, $39.3 million, and $35.3 million for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. The reported amount of net acquisition-related intangible assets can fluctuate from the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates on intangible assets not denominated in U.S. dollars.
Estimated future amortization expense on finite-lived acquisition-related intangible assets is as follows:
During the year ended January 31, 2014, we recorded a $0.5 million acquired intangible asset impairment, which is included within cost of product revenue. No impairments of acquired intangible assets were recorded during the years ended January 31, 2013 and 2012.
Our in-process research and development assets were acquired during the year ended January 31, 2012, and no impairment indicators were identified for these assets during the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013.
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. At the acquisition date, goodwill resulting from a business combination is assigned to those reporting units expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. Reporting units may either be at, or one level below, our operating segment level.
Goodwill activity for the years ended January 31, 2014, and 2013, in total and by reportable segment, was as follows:
The results of our goodwill impairment testing as of November 1, 2012 and 2011 indicated that the estimated fair values of all our reporting units significantly exceeded their carrying values.
Based upon our November 1, 2013 goodwill impairment review, we concluded that the estimated fair values of our Enterprise Intelligence and Communications Intelligence reporting units significantly exceeded their carrying values. The estimated fair value of our Video Intelligence reporting unit was approximately 30% greater than its carrying value, and we have therefore concluded that this reporting unit is at more than remote risk of failing step one of future goodwill impairment tests, and is therefore at risk of future impairment in the event of significant unfavorable changes in the assumptions used in our impairment review, including the weighted average cost of capital (discount rate) and growth rates utilized in our discounted cash flow analysis. Although we believe that our current estimates are reasonable and appropriate, our Video Intelligence reporting unit competes in a challenging environment and there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of our goodwill impairment test will prove to be accurate predictions of future performance. Delays or declines in spending to install, upgrade or maintain security intelligence systems, technological changes, new competitors, or changes in buying patterns from key customers are examples of circumstances that could adversely impact the fair value of our Video Intelligence reporting unit.
No changes in circumstances or indicators of potential impairment were identified between November 1 and January 31 in each of the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
No goodwill impairment was identified for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.
7.
LONG-TERM DEBT
The following table summarizes our long-term debt at January 31, 2014 and 2013:
In April 2011, we entered into a credit agreement (the "2011 Credit Agreement") with our lenders and concurrently terminated a prior credit agreement. The 2011 Credit Agreement provided for $770.0 million of secured credit facilities, comprised of a $600.0 million term loan maturing in October 2017 and a $170.0 million revolving credit facility maturing in April 2016, subject to increase (up to a maximum increase of $300.0 million) and reduction from time to time according to the terms of the 2011 Credit Agreement.
The 2011 Credit Agreement included an original issuance term loan discount of 0.50%, or $3.0 million, resulting in net term loan proceeds of $597.0 million. This discount was being amortized as interest expense over the term of the term loan using the effective interest method. We incurred debt issuance costs of $14.8 million associated with the 2011 Credit Agreement, which were deferred and were classified within other assets, and were being amortized as interest expense over the term of the 2011 Credit Agreement.
On March 6, 2013, we entered into an amendment and restatement agreement with the lenders under the 2011 Credit Agreement providing for the amendment and restatement of the 2011 Credit Agreement (as amended and restated, the "2013 Amended Credit Agreement"). The 2013 Amended Credit Agreement provided for $850.0 million of senior secured credit facilities, comprised of (i) $650.0 million of term loans maturing in September 2019 (the "2013 Term Loans") and (ii) a $200.0 million revolving credit facility maturing in March 2018, subject to increase (up to a maximum increase of $300.0 million) and reduction from time to time according to the terms of the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement.
The 2013 Amended Credit Agreement included an original issuance term loan discount of 0.50%, or $3.3 million, resulting in net 2013 Term Loans proceeds of $646.7 million. This discount is being amortized as interest expense over the term of the 2013 Term Loans using the effective interest method.
The majority of the proceeds of the 2013 Term Loans were used to repay all $576.0 million of outstanding term loan borrowings under the 2011 Credit Agreement at the March 6, 2013 closing date of the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement. There were no outstanding borrowings under the 2011 Credit Agreement's revolving credit facility at the closing date.
On February 3, 2014, in connection with our acquisition of KANA, we borrowed $125.0 million under our revolving credit facility and, in connection with an amendment to our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, we incurred $300.0 million of incremental term loans, both for purposes of funding a portion of the purchase price for KANA. We also executed several additional amendments on February 3, 2014 and March 7, 2014 to our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement. Please refer to Note 19, "Subsequent Events", for information regarding these transactions.
Through January 31, 2014, loans under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement incurred interest, payable quarterly or, in the case of Eurodollar loans with an interest period of three months or shorter, at the end of any interest period, at a per annum rate of, at our election:
(a) in the case of Eurodollar loans, the Adjusted LIBO Rate plus 3.00% (or, if our corporate credit ratings are BB- and Ba3 or better, 2.75%). The Adjusted LIBO Rate is the greater of (i) 1.00% per annum and (ii) the product of the LIBO Rate and Statutory Reserves (both as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement), and
(b) in the case of Base Rate loans, the Base Rate plus 2.00% (or, if our corporate credit ratings are BB- and Ba3 or better, 1.75%). The Base Rate is the greatest of (i) the administrative agent's prime rate, (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement) plus 0.50% and (iii) the Adjusted LIBO Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%.
As of January 31, 2014, the interest rate on the 2013 Term Loans was 4.00%. Including the impact of the 0.50% original issuance term loan discount and the deferred debt issuance costs, the effective interest rate on the term loan was approximately 4.23% as of January 31, 2014.
On March 7, 2014, as further described in Note 19, "Subsequent Events", the provisions for determining the interest rates applicable to the 2013 Term Loans and to the revolving credit facility were modified.
Loans under the 2011 Credit Agreement incurred interest, payable quarterly or, in the case of Eurodollar loans with an interest period of three months or shorter, at the end of any interest period, at a per annum rate of, at our election:
(a)in the case of Eurodollar loans, the Adjusted LIBO Rate plus 3.25% (or, if our corporate credit ratings were at least BB- and Ba3 or better, 3.00%). The Adjusted LIBO Rate was the greater of (i) 1.25% per annum and (ii) the product of the LIBO Rate and Statutory Reserves (both as defined in the 2011 Credit Agreement), and
(b)in the case of Base Rate loans, the Base Rate plus 2.25% (or, if our corporate credit ratings were at least BB- and Ba3 or better, 2.00%). The Base Rate was the greatest of (i) the administrative agent’s prime rate, (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2011 Credit Agreement) plus 0.50% and (iii) the Adjusted LIBO Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%.
We incurred debt issuance costs of approximately $7.5 million, associated with the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, which were deferred and are classified within other assets and are being amortized as interest expense over the term of the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement. Of these deferred costs, $5.0 million were associated with the 2013 Term Loans and are being amortized using the effective interest rate method. Deferred costs associated with the revolving credit facility were $2.5 million and are being amortized on a straight-line basis.
At the March 6, 2013 closing date of the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, there were $11.0 million of unamortized deferred fees and $2.2 million of unamortized original issuance term loan discount associated with the 2011 Credit Agreement. Of the $11.0 million of unamortized deferred fees, $3.5 million were associated with the revolving credit commitments under the 2011 Credit Agreement provided by lenders that continued to provide revolving credit commitments under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement and therefore continued to be deferred, and are being amortized over the term of the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement. The remaining $7.5 million of unamortized deferred fees and the $2.2 million unamortized original issuance discount, all of which related to the 2011 term loan, were recorded as a $9.7 million loss on extinguishment of debt for the year ended January 31, 2014.
Under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, we are required to pay a commitment fee equal to 0.50% per annum of the undrawn portion on the revolving credit facility, payable quarterly, and customary administrative agent and letter of credit fees. These fees are unchanged from the 2011 Credit Agreement.
The 2013 Amended Credit Agreement requires us to make principal payments of $1.6 million per quarter on the 2013 Term Loans through August 1, 2019, with the remaining balance due in September 2019. Optional prepayments of the loans are permitted without premium or penalty, other than customary breakage costs associated with the prepayment of loans bearing interest based on LIBO Rates. The loans are also subject to mandatory prepayment requirements with respect to certain asset sales, excess cash flows (as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement), and certain other events. Prepayments are applied first to the eight immediately following scheduled term loan principal payments, then pro rata to other remaining scheduled term loan principal payments, if any, and thereafter as otherwise provided in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement.
As of January 31, 2014, future scheduled principal payments on the 2013 Term Loans are presented in the following table:
We incurred interest on borrowings under our credit facilities of $26.3 million, $27.1 million, and $28.1 million during the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. In addition, we recorded $2.2 million, $3.0 million, and $2.8 million during the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, for amortization of our deferred debt issuance costs, which is also reported within interest expense on our consolidated statements of operations. Included in the deferred debt-related cost amortization for the year ended January 31, 2013 was $0.2 million of additional amortization of deferred debt issuance costs associated with an unscheduled principal repayment in that year. In addition, we recorded $0.5 million, $0.5 million and $0.3 million during the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, for amortization of original issuance term loan discounts, which is also reported within interest expense on our consolidated statements of operations. Included in the original issuance term loan discount amortization for the year ended January 31, 2013 was $0.1 million of additional amortization of original issuance term loan discount associated with an unscheduled principal repayment in that year.
Our obligations under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement are guaranteed, in the same manner as under the 2011 Credit Agreement, by substantially all of our domestic subsidiaries and certain foreign subsidiaries that have elected to be disregarded for U.S. tax purposes, and are secured, in the same manner as under the 2011 Credit Agreement, by security interests in substantially all of our and their assets, subject to certain exceptions detailed in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement and related ancillary documents.
The 2013 Amended Credit Agreement contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants for credit facilities of this type, which covenants are substantially similar to those in the 2011 Credit Agreement. These covenants include limitations on us and our subsidiaries with respect to indebtedness, liens, nature of business, investments and loans, distributions, acquisitions, dispositions of assets, sale-leaseback transactions and transactions with affiliates. The revolving credit facility also contains a financial covenant that requires us to maintain a ratio of Consolidated Total Debt to Consolidated EBITDA (each as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, and as amended on February 3, 2014 as described in Note 19, "Subsequent Events") of no greater than 5.00 to 1 until January 31, 2016 and no greater than 4.50 to 1 thereafter (the "Leverage Ratio Covenant"). The limitations imposed by the covenants are subject to certain exceptions as detailed in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement.
The 2013 Amended Credit Agreement provides for certain customary events of default with corresponding grace periods. These events of default include failure to pay principal or interest when due under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, failure to comply with covenants, any representation or warranty made by us proving to be inaccurate in any material respect, defaults under certain other indebtedness of ours or our subsidiaries, the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement) with respect to us and certain insolvency or receivership events affecting us or our significant subsidiaries. Upon the occurrence of an event of default resulting from a violation of the Leverage Ratio Covenant, the lenders under our revolving credit facility may require us to immediately repay outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility and may terminate their commitments to provide loans under that facility. A violation of the Leverage Ratio Covenant would not, by itself, result in an event of default under the 2013 Term Loans or 2014 Term Loans but may trigger a cross-default under the term loans in the event we are required to repay outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility. Upon the occurrence of other events of default, the lenders may require us to immediately repay all outstanding borrowings under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement and the lenders under our revolving credit facility may terminate their commitments to provide loans under the facility.
In connection with a business combination completed during the year ended January 31, 2012, we assumed approximately $3.3 million of development bank and government debt in the Americas region. The carrying value of this debt was $2.5 million at January 31, 2013. During the year ended January 31, 2014, we repaid $2.0 million of this debt, resulting in a $0.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt, which is reported in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended January 31, 2014. The remaining portion of this debt has a carrying value of $0.1 million at January 31, 2014.
8.
SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT INFORMATION
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Inventories consisted of the following as of January 31, 2014 and 2013:
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of January 31, 2014 and 2013:
Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $13.5 million, $11.8 million and $10.8 million the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
Other assets consisted of the following as of January 31, 2014 and 2013:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following as of January 31, 2014 and 2013:
Other liabilities consisted of the following as of January 31, 2014 and 2013:
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Other expense, net consisted of the following for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
The following table provides supplemental information regarding our consolidated cash flows for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
9.
CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
On May 25, 2007, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with CTI whereby CTI purchased, for cash, an aggregate of 293,000 shares of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $293.0 million. Proceeds from the issuance of the Preferred Stock were used to partially finance our May 2007 acquisition of Witness Systems Inc. ("Witness").
On August 12, 2012, we entered into the CTI Merger Agreement providing for the CTI Merger. The CTI Merger was completed on February 4, 2013 and eliminated CTI's majority ownership and control of us. Each outstanding share of Preferred Stock, all of which was held by CTI, was canceled upon completion of the CTI Merger. Further details regarding the CTI Merger appear in Note 4, "Merger Agreement with CTI".
The Preferred Stock was issued at a purchase price of $1,000 per share and ranked senior to our common stock. The Preferred Stock had an initial liquidation preference equal to its $1,000 per share purchase price. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of our company, the holders of the Preferred Stock would have been entitled to receive, out of assets available for distribution to our stockholders and before any distribution of assets to our common stockholders, an amount equal to the then-current liquidation preference, which included accrued and unpaid dividends.
The terms of the Preferred Stock provided that upon a fundamental change, as defined in the certificate of designation governing the Preferred Stock, the holders of the Preferred Stock would have had the right to require us to repurchase the Preferred Stock for 100% of the liquidation preference then in effect. Therefore, the Preferred Stock was classified as mezzanine equity on our consolidated balance sheets as of January 31, 2013, separate from permanent equity, because the occurrence of such a fundamental change, and thus a potential required repurchase of the Preferred Stock, however remote in likelihood, was not solely under our control. Fundamental change events included the sale of substantially all of our assets, and certain changes in beneficial ownership, board of directors' representation, and business reorganizations.
Under the CTI Merger Agreement, CTI had agreed that the CTI Merger and other transactions contemplated by the CTI Merger Agreement did not constitute fundamental change events under the terms of the Preferred Stock.
We concluded that, as of January 31, 2013, the occurrence of a fundamental change and the associated potential required repurchase of the Preferred Stock were not probable. We therefore did not adjust the carrying amount of the Preferred Stock to its redemption amount, which is its liquidation preference, at January 31, 2013. Through January 31, 2013, cumulative, undeclared dividends on the Preferred Stock were $72.9 million and, as a result, the liquidation preference of the Preferred Stock was $365.9 million at that date.
Cash dividends on the Preferred Stock were cumulative and were calculated quarterly at a specified dividend rate on the liquidation preference in effect at such time. At the time of its cancellation in connection with the CTI Merger on February 4, 2013, the dividend rate on the Preferred Stock was 3.875%, and no dividends had been declared or paid on the Preferred Stock in any period. Other than through these cumulative dividends, the Preferred Stock did not participate in our earnings.
Upon cancellation of 293,000 shares of Preferred Stock in connection with the CTI Merger, our authorized shares of preferred stock were reduced from 2,500,000 shares to 2,207,000 shares, in accordance with the Preferred Stock's Certificate of Designation.
10.
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Dividends on Common Stock
We did not declare or pay any dividends on our common stock during the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012. Commencing in May 2007, with our issuance of Preferred Stock and our entry into an earlier credit agreement, and continuing currently under the terms of our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, we are subject to certain restrictions on declaring and paying dividends on our common stock. Our Preferred Stock was canceled on February 4, 2013 in connection with the CTI Merger, further details of which appear in Note 4, "Merger with CTI".
Treasury Stock
Repurchased shares of common stock are recorded as treasury stock, at cost. At January 31, 2014 and 2013, we held approximately 302,000 shares of treasury stock with a cost of $8.0 million.
Shares of restricted stock awards that are forfeited when recipients separate from their employment prior to the lapsing of the award’s restrictions are recorded as treasury stock.
From time to time, our board of directors has approved limited programs to repurchase shares of our common stock from directors or officers in connection with the vesting of restricted stock or restricted stock units to facilitate required income tax withholding by us or the payment of required income taxes by such holders. In addition, the terms of some of our equity award agreements with all grantees provide for automatic repurchases by us for the same purpose if a vesting-related or delivery-related tax event occurs at a time when the holder is not permitted to sell shares in the market. Our stock bonus program contains similar terms. Any such repurchases of common stock occur at prevailing market prices and are recorded as treasury stock.
During the year ended January 31, 2013, we acquired approximately 18,000 shares of treasury stock from directors, executive officers, and other employees at a cost of $0.5 million. During the year ended January 31, 2012, we acquired approximately 23,000 shares of treasury stock from certain executive officers and directors at a cost of $0.8 million.
As previously disclosed, in connection with the resumption of option exercises following the conclusion of our previous extended filing delay period and the vesting of restricted stock units after the relisting of our common stock on the NASDAQ
Global Market, during the summer of 2010, we issued up to an aggregate of approximately 135,000 shares of common stock to certain current and former employees and a former director in transactions that did not involve public offerings and that were made in reliance on available exemptions from registration under the Securities Act. In April 2012, we repurchased 2,250 of these securities at a cost of less than $0.1 million, all of which were retired. The cost of the retired shares was deducted from common stock at par value, which was negligible, and from additional paid-in capital for the excess over par value.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) includes items such as foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on certain marketable securities and derivative financial instruments designated as hedges. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is presented as a separate line item in the stockholders’ equity section of our consolidated balance sheets. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) items have no impact on our net income as presented in our consolidated statements of operations.
The following table summarizes changes in the components of our accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss by component for the year ended January 31, 2014:
All amounts presented in the table above are net of income taxes, if applicable. The accumulated net losses in foreign currency translation adjustments primarily reflect the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British pound sterling since our acquisition of Witness in May 2007, which has resulted in lower U.S. dollar-translated balances of British pound sterling-denominated goodwill and intangible assets associated with that acquisition.
The amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into the consolidated statement of operations, with presentation location, for the year ended January 31, 2014 were as follows:
Noncontrolling Interest
The noncontrolling interest presented in our consolidated financial statements reflects a 50% noncontrolling equity interest in a joint venture which functions as a systems integrator for Asian markets. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest, as reported on our consolidated statements of operations, represents the net income of this joint venture attributable to the
noncontrolling equity interest. The noncontrolling interest is reflected within stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheet but is presented separately from our equity.
11. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, NET
Our gross research and development expenses for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, were $131.6 million, $121.2 million, and $115.7 million, respectively. OCS reimbursements amounted to $3.5 million, $3.3 million, and $3.2 million for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively, which were recorded as reductions of gross research and development expenses. We recorded other reimbursements of research and development expenses amounting to $1.6 million, $1.9 million, and $1.5 million for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
We capitalize certain costs incurred to develop our commercial software products, and we then recognize those costs within cost of product revenue as the products are sold. Activity for our capitalized software development costs for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 was as follows:
During the year ended January 31, 2014, we recorded a $2.1 million impairment of capitalized software development costs to reflect strategy changes in certain product development initiatives, due primarily to acquisition of technology associated with a business combination. Impairments recorded for the years ended January 31, 2013 and 2012 were not significant.
12.
INCOME TAXES
The components of income before provision for income taxes for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 were as follows:
The provision for income taxes for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 consisted of the following:
The reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to our effective tax rate on income before provision for income taxes for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 was as follows:
Our operations in Israel have been granted "Approved Enterprise" status by the Investment Center of the Israeli Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor, which makes us eligible for tax benefits under the Israeli Law for Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959. Under the terms of the program, income attributable to an approved enterprise is exempt from income tax for a period of two years and is subject to a reduced income tax rate for the subsequent five to eight years (generally 10-25%, depending on the percentage of foreign investment in the company). These tax incentives decreased Israeli Approved Enterprise entities’ effective tax rates by 22.7%, 43.0%, and 19.2% for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following at January 31, 2014 and 2013:
At January 31, 2014 and 2013, we had U.S. federal NOL carryforwards of approximately $631.2 million and $302.5 million, respectively. The U.S. federal NOL increased by $315 million due to the CTI Merger. These loss carryforwards expire in various years ending from January 31, 2018 to 2034. We had state NOL carryforwards of approximately $211.3 million and $193.2 million in the same respective years, expiring in years ending from January 31, 2014 to 2034. We had foreign NOL carryforwards of approximately $51.9 million and $55.5 million in the same respective years. At January 31, 2014, all but $2.2 million of these foreign loss carryforwards have indefinite carryforward periods. Certain of these federal, state, and foreign loss carryforwards and credits are subject to Internal Revenue Code Section 382 or similar provisions, which impose limitations on their utilization following certain changes in ownership of the entity generating the loss carryforward. The NOL carryforwards for tax return purposes are different from the NOL carryforwards for financial statement purposes, primarily due to the reduction of NOL carryforwards for financial statement purposes under the authoritative guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. We have U.S. federal, state and foreign tax credit carryforwards of approximately $14.4 million and $12.6 million at January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, the utilization of which is subject to limitation. At January 31, 2014, approximately $1.5 million of these tax credit carryforwards may be carried forward indefinitely. The balance of $12.9 million expires in various years ending from January 31, 2015 to 2034.
As of January 31, 2014, we have not provided for deferred taxes on the excess of financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in certain foreign subsidiaries in the amount of $349.7 million because we plan to reinvest such earnings indefinitely outside the United States. If these earnings were repatriated in the future, additional income and withholding tax expense would be incurred. Due to complexities in the laws of the foreign jurisdictions and the assumptions that would have to be made, it is not practicable to estimate the total amount of income taxes that would have to be provided on such earnings.
As required by the authoritative guidance on accounting for income taxes, we evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis at each reporting date. Accounting for income taxes requires that a valuation allowance be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In circumstances where there is sufficient negative evidence indicating that the deferred tax assets are not more likely than not realizable, we establish a valuation allowance. We have recorded valuation allowances in the amounts of $146.9 million and $104.8 million at January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The $42.1 million increase in the valuation allowance between January 31, 2013 and January 31, 2014 arose primarily as a result of the CTI Merger, an overall increase in net deferred tax assets, primarily related to amortization of acquired intangibles, loss carryforwards, and equity compensation, offset by changes in deferred revenue.
The recorded valuation allowance consisted of the following at January 31, 2014 and 2013:
In accordance with the authoritative guidance for accounting for stock-based compensation, we use a "with-and-without" approach to applying the intra-period allocation rules in accordance with accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, the windfall tax benefit is calculated based on the incremental tax benefit received from deductions related to stock-based compensation. The amount is measured by calculating the tax benefit both "with" and "without" the excess tax deduction; the resulting difference between the two calculations is considered the windfall. We did not recognize a windfall benefit in our U.S. federal income tax provision for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012.
In accordance with the authoritative guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, differences between the amount of tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in our income tax returns and the amount of tax benefits recognized in our financial statements, determined by applying the prescribed methodologies of accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, represent our unrecognized income tax benefits, which we either record as a liability or as a reduction of deferred tax assets.
For the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, the aggregate changes in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
As of January 31, 2014, we had $145.4 million of unrecognized tax benefits, of which $139.7 million represents the amount that, if recognized, would impact the effective income tax rate in future periods. We recorded $(10.5) million, $0.6 million, and $(0.7) million of interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in our provision for income taxes for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Accrued liabilities for interest and penalties were $8.7 million and $8.3 million at January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Interest and penalties (expense and/or benefit) are recorded as a component of the provision for income taxes in the consolidated financial statements.
Our income tax returns are subject to ongoing tax examinations in several jurisdictions in which we operate. In the United States we are no longer subject to federal income tax examination for years prior to January 31, 2011. In Israel, we are no longer subject to income tax examination for years prior to January 31, 2006. In the United Kingdom, with the exception of years which are currently under examination, we are no longer subject to income tax examination for years prior to January 31, 2013.
As of January 31, 2014, income tax returns are under examination in the following significant tax jurisdictions:
We regularly assess the adequacy of our provisions for income tax contingencies. As a result, we may adjust the reserves for unrecognized tax benefits for the impact of new facts and developments, such as changes to interpretations of relevant tax law, assessments from taxing authorities, settlements with taxing authorities, and lapses of statutes of expiration. We believe that it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at January 31, 2014 could decrease by approximately $2.9 million in the next twelve months as a result of settlement of certain tax audits or lapses of statutes of limitation. Such decreases may involve the payment of additional taxes, the adjustment of certain deferred taxes including the need for additional valuation allowances and the recognition of tax benefits.
13.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of nonperformance.
Accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. An instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. This fair value hierarchy consists of three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
•Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•
Level 2: inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; or
•
Level 3: unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.
We review the fair value hierarchy classification of our applicable assets and liabilities at each reporting period. Changes in the observability of valuation inputs may result in transfers within the fair value measurement hierarchy. We did not identify any transfers between levels of the fair value measurement hierarchy during the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following as of January 31, 2014 and 2013:
(1) Commerical paper investments with remaining maturities of three months or less at time of purchase, classified within cash and cash equivalents.
The following table presents the changes in the estimated fair values of our liabilities for contingent consideration measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013:
Our estimated liability for contingent consideration represents potential payments of additional consideration for business combinations, payable if certain defined performance goals are achieved. Changes in fair value of contingent consideration are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations within selling, general and administrative expenses.
Fair Value Measurements
Money Market Funds - We value our money market funds using quoted active market prices for such funds.
Short-term Investments - Short-term investments represent investments in commercial paper and corporate bonds classified as available-for-sale. Investments in commercial paper with remaining maturities of three months or less at time of purchase are classified within cash and cash equivalents. The fair values of these investments are estimated using observable market prices for identical securities that are traded in less-active markets, if available. When observable market prices for identical securities are not available, we value these short-term investments using non-binding market price quotes from brokers which we review for reasonableness using observable market data; quoted market prices for similar instruments; or pricing models, such as a discounted cash flow model.
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts - The estimated fair value of foreign currency forward contracts is based on quotes received from the counterparties thereto. These quotes are reviewed for reasonableness by discounting the future estimated cash flows under the contracts, considering the terms and maturities of the contracts and market exchange rates using readily observable market prices for similar contracts.
Contingent Consideration - Business Combinations - The fair value of the contingent consideration related to business combinations is estimated using a probability-adjusted discounted cash flow model. These fair value measurements are based on significant inputs not observable in the market. The key internally developed assumptions used in these models are discount rates and the probabilities assigned to the milestones to be achieved. We remeasure the fair value of the contingent consideration at each reporting period, and any changes in fair value resulting from either the passage of time or events occurring after the acquisition date, such as changes in discount rates, or in the expectations of achieving the performance targets, are recorded within selling, general, and administrative expenses. Increases or decreases in discount rates would have inverse impacts on the related fair value measurements, while favorable or unfavorable changes in expectations of achieving performance targets would result in corresponding increases or decreases in the related fair value measurements. We utilized
discount rates ranging from 1.1% to 27.0% in our calculations of the estimated fair values of our contingent consideration liabilities as of January 31, 2014. We utilized discount rates ranging from 2.4% to 17.0% in our calculations of the estimated fair values of our contingent consideration liabilities as of January 31, 2013.
Other Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to their short maturities.
The estimated fair values of our term loan borrowings were $647.0 million and $583.0 million at January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The estimated fair values of the term loans are based upon indicative bid and ask prices as determined by the agent responsible for the syndication of our term loans. We consider these inputs to be within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because we cannot reasonably observe activity in the limited market in which participations in our term loans are traded. The indicative prices provided to us as at each of January 31, 2014 and 2013 did not significantly differ from par value.
Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
In addition to assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, we also measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Our non-financial assets, including goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, are measured at fair value when there is an indication of impairment and the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s projected undiscounted cash flows. These assets are recorded at fair value only when an impairment charge is recognized. Further details regarding our regular impairment reviews appear in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies".
14.
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Our primary objective for holding derivative financial instruments is to manage foreign currency exchange rate risk and interest rate risk, when deemed appropriate. We enter into these contracts in the normal course of business to mitigate risks and not for speculative purposes.
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
Under our risk management strategy, we periodically use derivative financial instruments to manage our short-term exposures to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We utilize foreign currency forward contracts to hedge certain operational cash flow exposures resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These cash flow exposures result from portions of our forecasted operating expenses, primarily compensation and related expenses, which are transacted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the Israeli shekel and the Canadian dollar. We also periodically utilize foreign currency forward contracts to manage exposures resulting from forecasted customer collections to be remitted in currencies other than the applicable functional currency, and exposures from cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments denominated in currencies other than the applicable functional currency. Our joint venture, which has a Singapore dollar functional currency, also utilizes foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to exchange rate fluctuations related to settlements of liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars. These foreign currency forward contracts are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets and generally have maturities of no longer than twelve months, although occasionally we will execute a contract that extends beyond twelve months, depending upon the nature of the underlying risk.
The counterparties to our derivative financial instruments consist of several major international financial institutions. We regularly monitor the financial strength of these institutions. While the counterparties to these contracts expose us to credit-related losses in the event of a counterparty’s non-performance, the risk would be limited to the unrealized gains on such affected contracts. We do not anticipate any such losses.
Certain of these foreign currency forward contracts are not designated as hedging instruments under accounting guidance for derivatives, and gains and losses from changes in their fair values are therefore reported in other income (expense), net. Changes in the fair values of foreign currency forward contracts that are designated and effective as cash flow hedges are recorded net of related tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), and are reclassified to the consolidated statements of operations when the effects of the item being hedged are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.
Notional Amounts of Derivative Financial Instruments
Our outstanding derivative financial instruments consisted only of foreign currency forward contracts with notional amounts of $127.6 million and $108.1 million as of January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Fair Values of Derivative Financial Instruments
The fair values of our derivative financial instruments as of January 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:
Derivative Financial Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
The effects of derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments for the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:
There were no gains or losses from ineffectiveness of these hedges recorded for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012. All of the foreign currency forward contracts underlying the $1.5 million of net unrealized gains recorded in our accumulated other comprehensive loss at January 31, 2014 mature within twelve months, and therefore we expect all such gains to be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months.
Derivative Financial Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Gains (losses) recognized on derivative financial instruments not designated as hedging instruments in our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:
15.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION AND OTHER BENEFIT PLANS
Stock-Based Compensation Plans
Plan Summaries
Our stock-based incentive awards are provided to employees and directors under the terms of our multiple outstanding stock benefit plans (the "Plans" or "Stock Plans") and/or forms of equity award agreements approved by the board of directors.
The 1996 Stock Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended (the "1996 Plan"), was approved by our stockholders and became effective on September 10, 1996. The 1996 Plan allowed for the granting of awards of deferred stock, restricted stock awards ("RSAs") and restricted stock units ("RSUs"), incentive and non-qualified stock options, and stock appreciation rights to our employees, directors, and consultants. The deadline for granting new awards under the 1996 Plan was March 10, 2012.
On May 25, 2007, in connection with the acquisition of Witness, we assumed a stock plan referred to as the Witness Systems, Inc. Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the "1997 Plan"). Under the 1997 Plan, we were permitted to grant awards of deferred stock, RSAs and RSUs, incentive and non-qualified stock options, and stock appreciation rights to our employees, directors, and consultants. The 1997 Plan contained an evergreen provision, which allowed for an increase in the number of shares available for issuance, up to a maximum of 3.0 million shares per year. The deadline for granting new awards under the 1997 Plan was November 18, 2009. Additionally, in connection with the acquisition of Witness, we assumed certain new-hire inducement grants made by Witness outside of its stockholder-approved equity plans prior to May 25, 2007.
Terminations of the 1996 Plan and 1997 Plan did not affect outstanding awards under those Plans, which remain in effect until such awards have been exercised or have expired in accordance with their terms.
Our stockholders approved the 2004 Stock Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2004 Plan") on July 27, 2004. Under the 2004 Plan, we were permitted to grant awards of deferred stock, RSAs and RSUs, incentive and non-qualified stock options, and stock appreciation rights to our employees, directors, and consultants. To the extent not used under the 1996 Plan, the shares available pursuant to the 2004 Plan could be increased by a maximum of 1.0 million shares for awards granted under the 1996
Plan that were forfeited, expire, or are cancelled on or after July 28, 2004. On June 15, 2012, our stockholders approved Amendment No. 1 to the 2010 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan, as discussed further below, which included the transfer of 0.2 million shares that remained available for issuance or transfer under the 2004 Plan to the 2010 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan and terminated the 2004 plan. Termination of the 2004 Plan did not affect awards outstanding under the 2004 Plan at the time of termination.
On October 5, 2010, our stockholders approved the 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan, and on June 15, 2012, approved Amendment No. 1 to the 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan (together, the "2010 Plan"). The amendment provided for an increase of 4.5 million shares available for issuance under the 2010 Plan and concurrently transferred 0.2 million shares that remained available under the 2004 Plan to the 2010 Plan. Under the 2010 Plan, we are permitted to grant stock options (both incentive and non-qualified), stock appreciation rights, RSAs, RSUs, performance awards, performance compensation awards or other awards to eligible employees, directors and consultants. Awards of incentive stock options are limited to an aggregate of 3.5 million shares under the 2010 Plan. No grant will be made under the 2010 Plan after June 15, 2022, but all grants made on or prior to such date will continue in effect thereafter subject to the terms and conditions of the 2010 Plan.
On August 4, 2011, in connection with the acquisition of Vovici, we assumed a stock plan referred to as the Vovici 2006 Amended and Restated Stock Plan, as amended (the "Vovici Plan"). Under the Vovici Plan, we are permitted to grant stock options (both incentive and nonstatutory), stock purchase rights, and restricted stock units. The Vovici Plan shall continue in effect until July 28, 2020. However, our board of directors may at any time amend, alter, suspend, or terminate the Vovici Plan.
On February 4, 2013, in connection with the CTI Merger, we assumed the Comverse Technology, Inc. Stock Incentive Compensation Plan (the "CTI Plan"). Under the CTI Plan, we are permitted to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance-based compensation awards, and other stock-based awards. There were 2.7 million shares available to be granted pursuant to the CTI Plan, of which 2.5 million shares remained available for grants as of January 31, 2014. The CTI Plan will continue in effect until September 7, 2021. Further details regarding the CTI Merger appear in Note 4, "Merger with CTI".
The table below summarizes key information for the Plans as of January 31, 2014:
As presented in the table above, the number of shares outstanding excludes, and the number of shares available for grants has not been reduced for, approximately 0.1 million RSUs with performance conditions awarded to officers for which the performance criteria has not yet been established by our board. Under applicable accounting guidance, if an award is subject to a performance vesting condition, an accounting grant date for the award is generally not established until the performance vesting condition has been defined and communicated. The table also excludes 0.3 million shares available for grants under the Vovici Plan which are not expected to be used for future awards.
Awards are generally subject to multi-year vesting periods. We recognize compensation expense for awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting periods, reduced by estimated forfeitures. Upon exercise of stock options, issuance of restricted stock, or issuance of shares under the Plans, we generally issue new shares of common stock, but occasionally may issue treasury shares.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
As described in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies", we recognize stock-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of stock-based awards granted to employees and others.
We recognized stock-based compensation expense in the following line items on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by type of award for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
Total stock-based compensation expense by classification was as follows for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:
Awards under our stock bonus program are accounted for as liability-classified awards, because the obligations are based predominantly on fixed monetary amounts that are generally known at inception of the obligation, to be settled with a variable number of shares of our common stock. Our other liability-classified awards include our phantom stock awards, the values of which track the market price of our common stock and are therefore subject to volatility, and which are settled with cash payments equivalent to the market value of our common stock upon vesting. Upon settlement of other liability-classified awards with equity, compensation expense associated with those awards is reported within equity-classified awards in the table above.
Net excess tax benefits resulting from our Stock Plans were nominal for the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013, and were $0.7 million for the year ended January 31, 2012. Excess tax benefits represent a reduction in income taxes, otherwise payable during the period, attributable to the actual gross tax benefits in excess of the expected tax benefits, and are recorded as increases to additional paid-in capital.
Stock Options
When stock options are awarded, the fair value of the options is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Expected volatility and the expected term are the input factors to that model that require the most significant
management judgment. Expected volatility is estimated utilizing daily historical volatility over a period that equates to the expected life of the option. The expected life (estimated period of time outstanding) is estimated using the historical exercise behavior of employees. The risk-free interest rate is the implied daily yield currently available on U.S. Treasury issues with a remaining term closely approximating the expected term used as the input to the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
We generally did not grant stock options during the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012. However, in connection with our acquisition of Vovici on August 4, 2011, stock options to purchase shares of Vovici common stock were converted into stock options to purchase approximately 42,000 shares of our common stock.
The fair values of the options granted in August 2011 in connection with the acquisition of Vovici were estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the weighted-average assumptions presented in the following table:
We utilized the simplified method to calculate the expected lives of options granted to Vovici employees due to the limited data available regarding the exercise patterns of Vovici option holders.
The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Plans for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
As of January 31, 2014, the aggregate intrinsic value for the options vested and exercisable was $5.6 million with a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 1.2 years. Additionally, there were 0.5 million options vested and expected to vest with a weighted-average exercise price of $34.60 per share and an aggregate intrinsic value of $5.6 million with a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 1.2 years.
The unrecognized compensation expense calculated under the fair value method for options expected to vest (unvested shares net of expected forfeitures) as of January 31, 2014 was not significant.
The following table summarizes information about stock options as of January 31, 2014:
The following table summarizes key data points for exercised options:
Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards
We periodically award RSUs and RSAs to our directors, officers, and other employees. The fair value of these awards is equivalent to the market value of our common stock on the grant date. The principal difference between these instruments is that RSUs are not shares of our common stock and do not have any of the rights or privileges thereof, including voting or dividend rights. On the applicable vesting date, the holder of an RSU becomes entitled to a share of our common stock. Both RSAs and RSUs are subject to certain restrictions and forfeiture provisions prior to vesting.
Service-based RSUs typically vest based upon continued service, and we amortize the fair value of such time-based RSUs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods.
We periodically award RSUs to executive officers and certain employees that vest upon the achievement of specified performance goals (“PRSUs”). For some of these awards, the performance goals are established by our board subsequent to the award date. As noted above, for PRSUs, an accounting grant date for the award is generally not established until the performance vesting condition has been defined and communicated. We separately recognize compensation expense for each tranche of a PRSU award as if it were a separate award with its own vesting date. Therefore, for certain PRSUs, a grant date has been established but the requisite service period has not yet begun as of January 31, 2014.
Once the performance vesting condition has been defined and communicated, and the requisite service period has begun, our estimate of the fair value of PRSUs requires an assessment of the probability that the specified performance criteria will be achieved, which we update at each reporting date and adjust our estimate of the fair value of the PRSUs, if necessary.
RSUs that settle, or are expected to settle, with cash payments upon vesting are reflected as liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes activity for RSAs and RSUs (including PRSUs) under the Plans for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
We granted 0.5 million, 0.1 million, and 0.2 million PRSUs during the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Shares of common stock earned and issued and under PRSU grants totaled 0.1 million, 0.2 million, and 0.2 million during the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. As of January 31, 2014, there were 0.4 million unvested PRSUs outstanding.
Activity presented in the table above includes shares earned and released under our stock bonus program, further details regarding which appear below under "Stock Bonus Program".
As of January 31, 2014, unrecognized compensation expense related to 2.1 million unvested RSUs expected to vest subsequent to January 31, 2014 was approximately $47.8 million, with remaining weighted-average vesting periods of approximately 1.7 years, over which such expense is expected to be recognized. The unrecognized compensation expense does not include compensation expense related to shares for which a grant date has been established but the requisite service period has not begun. The total fair values of restricted stock units vested during the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 were $24.9 million, $29.1 million, and $21.0 million, respectively.
Phantom Stock Units
We have periodically issued phantom stock units to certain non-officer employees that settle, or are expected to settle, with cash payments upon vesting. Phantom stock units provide for the payment of a cash bonus equivalent to the value of our common stock as of the vesting date of the award. Phantom stock units generally have a multi-year vesting and are generally subject to the same vesting conditions as equity awards granted on the same date. We recognize compensation expense for phantom stock units on a straight-line basis, reduced by estimated forfeitures. Phantom stock units are accounted for as liabilities and as such their value tracks our stock price and is subject to market volatility.
The following table summarizes phantom stock unit activity for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
Total accrued liabilities for phantom stock units was $0.2 million and $0.2 million as of January 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Total cash payments made upon vesting of phantom stock units were $0.2 million, $2.3 million, and $10.3 million for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
The phantom stock units granted during the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 primarily vest over two-year and three-year periods.
As of January 31, 2014, unrecognized compensation expense related to 5,000 unvested phantom stock units expected to vest subsequent to January 31, 2014 was approximately $0.1 million, based on our stock price of $45.44 at January 31, 2014, with a remaining weighted-average vesting period of approximately 1.2 years over which such expense is expected to be recognized.
Stock Bonus Program
In September 2011, our board of directors approved a stock bonus program under which eligible employees may receive a portion of their bonuses in the form of discounted shares of our common stock. Executive officers were eligible to participate in this program for the year ended January 31, 2014 to the extent that shares remained available for awards following the enrollment of all other participants, but were not eligible to participate in previous years. This program is subject to annual funding approval by our board of directors and an annual cap on the number of shares that can be issued. Subject to these limitations, the number of shares to be issued under the program for a given year is determined using a five-day trailing average price of our common stock when the awards are calculated, reduced by a discount to be determined by the board of directors each year (the "discount"). Shares issued to executive officers in respect of the discount are subject to a one-year vesting period. To the extent that this program is not funded in a given year or the number of shares of common stock needed to fully satisfy employee enrollment exceeds the annual cap, the applicable portion of the employee bonuses will generally revert to being paid in cash. Obligations under this program are accounted for as liabilities, because the obligations are based predominantly on fixed monetary amounts that are generally known at inception of the obligation, to be settled with a variable number of shares of common stock determined using a discounted average price of our common stock, as described above.
For the year ended January 31, 2012, our board of directors approved up to 150,000 shares of common stock for awards under this program and a discount of 20% (the "2012 stock bonus program"). Approximately 132,000 shares of common stock earned under the 2012 stock bonus program were issued during the year ended January 31, 2013, which, along with $0.1 million of awards settled with cash payments, settled our obligations under the 2012 stock bonus program.
For the year ended January 31, 2013, our board of directors approved up to 150,000 shares of common stock for awards under this program and a discount of 15%, (the "2013 stock bonus program"). The total accrued liability for the 2013 stock bonus program was $3.1 million as of January 31, 2013. Approximately 93,000 shares of our common stock were earned and issued to participants under the 2013 stock bonus program, including 80,000 shares issued during the year ended January 31, 2014, which completed our obligations under the 2013 stock bonus program.
For the year ended January 31, 2014, our board of directors approved up to 150,000 shares of common stock for awards under this program and a discount of 15%, (the "2014 stock bonus program"). The total accrued liability for the 2014 stock bonus program was $4.9 million as of January 31, 2014. Awards earned under the 2014 stock bonus program are expected to be issued during the first half of the year ending January 31, 2015.
Please see Note 19, “Subsequent Events” for information regarding this program for the year ending January 31, 2015.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Effective September 1, 2002, we adopted and implemented the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"), which was amended and restated on May 22, 2003. Any employee who had completed three months of employment and was employed by us on the applicable offering commencement date was eligible to participate in the ESPP. Participants elected to have amounts withheld through payroll deductions at the rate of up to 10% of their annualized base salary, to purchase shares of our common stock at 85% of the lesser of the market price at the offering commencement date or the offering termination date.
The number of shares available under the ESPP is 1.0 million, of which approximately 260,000 have been issued. The ESPP was suspended in March 2006 in connection with the beginning of our previous extended filing delay period and remained inactive as of January 31, 2014.
No expense related to the ESPP was recorded during the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 due to the suspension of the ESPP during those periods.
Other Benefit Plans
401(k) Plan and Other Retirement Plans
We maintain a 401(k) Plan for our full-time employees in the United States. The plan allows eligible employees who attain the age of 21 with three months of service to elect to contribute up to 60% of their annual compensation, subject to the prescribed maximum amount. We match employee contributions at a rate of 50%, up to a maximum annual matched contribution of $2,000 per employee.
Employee contributions are always fully vested, while our matching contributions for each year vest on the last day of the calendar year provided the employee remains employed with us on that day.
Our matching contribution expenses for our 401(k) Plan were $1.8 million, $1.7 million, and $1.5 million for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
We provide retirement benefits for non-U.S. employees as required by local laws or to a greater extent as we deem appropriate through plans that function similar to 401(k) plans. Funding requirements for programs required by local laws are determined on an individual country and plan basis and are subject to local country practices and market circumstances.
Severance Pay
We are obligated to make severance payments for the benefit of certain employees of our foreign subsidiaries. Severance payments made to Israeli employees are considered significant compared to all other subsidiaries with severance payment arrangements. Under Israeli law, we are obligated to make severance payments to employees of our Israeli subsidiaries, subject to certain conditions. In most cases, our liability for these severance payments is fully provided for by regular deposits to funds administered by insurance providers and by an accrual for the amount of our liability which has not yet been deposited.
Severance expenses for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 were $5.8 million, $4.9 million, and $5.2 million, respectively.
16.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
As noted previously, on February 4, 2013 we completed the CTI Merger, which eliminated CTI's majority ownership and control of us. As of January 31, 2013, prior to the CTI Merger, CTI beneficially owned approximately 53.5%, and also held a majority of the voting power, of our common stock on an as-converted basis.
During the year ended January 31, 2013, we paid $0.3 million to a subsidiary of CTI for its assignment to us of user licenses for certain third-party internal-use software. We also paid $1.6 million during the same year to certain subsidiaries of CTI to settle pre-existing liabilities incurred in the regular course of business.
Previous Relationships with CTI and its Subsidiaries
Prior to the CTI Merger, we were a party to several business agreements with CTI or its affiliates, each of which either terminated in connection with the CTI Merger, or is inactive and will be formally terminated, with the exception of the Federal Income Tax Sharing Agreement, which will remain in effect for the foreseeable future. These business agreements included service agreements whereby, if necessary, we received certain business support services from CTI and its other subsidiaries. Activity under these service agreements was not significant during the years ended January 31, 2013 and 2012.
The Federal Income Tax Sharing Agreement with CTI applies to periods prior to our IPO in which we were included in CTI’s consolidated federal tax return. By virtue of its controlling ownership and this tax sharing agreement, CTI effectively controlled all of our tax decisions for periods ending prior to the completion of our IPO, which occurred in May 2002. Under the agreement, for periods during which we were included in CTI's consolidated income tax return, we were required to pay CTI an amount equal to the tax liability we would have owed, if any, had we filed a federal income tax return on our own, as computed by CTI in its reasonable discretion. Under the agreement, we were not entitled to receive any payments from CTI in respect of, or to otherwise take advantage of, any loss resulting from the calculation of our separate income tax liability. The tax sharing agreement also provided for certain payments in the event of adjustments to the group’s income tax liability. The tax sharing agreement continues in effect until 60 days after the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations for the final year in which we were part of the CTI consolidated group for income tax purposes.
Other Related Party Transactions
Our joint venture incurs certain operating expenses, including office rent and other administrative costs, under arrangements with one of its noncontrolling shareholders. These expenses totaled $0.5 million, $0.5 million, and $0.5 million for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. The joint venture also recognized $0.2 million, $0.3 million, and $0.2 million of revenue from this noncontrolling shareholder for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
17.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Operating and Capital Leases
We lease office, manufacturing, and warehouse space, as well as certain equipment, under non-cancelable operating lease agreements. We have also periodically entered into capital leases. Terms of the leases, including renewal options and escalation clauses, vary by lease. When determining the term of a lease, we include renewal options that are reasonably assured. The lease agreements generally provide that we pay taxes, insurance, and maintenance expenses related to the leased assets over the initial lease term and those renewal periods that are reasonably assured.
Our facility leases may contain rent escalation clauses or rent holidays, commencing at various times during the terms of the
agreements. Rent expense on operating leases with scheduled rent increases or holidays during the lease term is recognized on a straight-line basis. The difference between rent expense and rent paid is recorded as deferred rent. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their economic lives, which begin once the assets are ready for their intended use, or the term of the lease.
Rent expense incurred under all operating leases was $15.0 million, $16.0 million, and $16.3 million for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
As of January 31, 2014, our minimum future rentals under non-cancelable operating leases were as follows:
We sublease certain space in our facilities to third parties. As of January 31, 2014, total expected future sublease income was $2.6 million and ranged from $0.3 million to $0.8 million on an annual basis through March 2018.
Unconditional Purchase Obligations
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into certain unconditional purchase obligations, which are agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable, legally binding, and that specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. Our purchase orders are based on current needs and are typically fulfilled by our vendors within a relatively short time horizon.
As of January 31, 2014, our unconditional purchase obligations totaled approximately $46.1 million, the majority of which were scheduled to occur within the subsequent twelve months. Due to the relatively short life of the obligations, the carrying value approximates the fair value of these obligations at January 31, 2014.
Warranty Liability
The following table summarizes the activity in our warranty liability, which is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012:
We accrue for warranty costs as part of our cost of revenue based on associated product costs, labor costs, and associated overhead. Our Enterprise Intelligence solutions are sold with a warranty of generally one year on hardware and 90 days for software. Our Communications Intelligence solutions and Video Intelligence solutions are sold with warranties that typically range in duration from 90 days to three years, and in some cases longer.
Licenses and Royalties
We license certain technology and pay royalties under such licenses and other agreements entered into in connection with research and development activities.
As discussed in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies", we receive non-refundable grants from the OCS that fund a portion of our research and development expenditures. The Israeli law under which the OCS grants are made limits our ability to manufacture products, or transfer technologies, developed using these grants outside of Israel. If we were to seek approval to manufacture products, or transfer technologies, developed using these grants outside of Israel, we could be subject to additional royalty requirements or be required to pay certain redemption fees. If we were to violate these restrictions, we could be required to refund any grants previously received, together with interest and penalties, and may be subject to criminal penalties.
Off-Balance Sheet Risk
In the normal course of business, we provide certain customers with financial performance guarantees, which are generally backed by standby letters of credit or surety bonds. In general, we would only be liable for the amounts of these guarantees in the event that our nonperformance permits termination of the related contract by our customer, which we believe is remote. At January 31, 2014, we had approximately $40.1 million of outstanding letters of credit and surety bonds relating primarily to these performance guarantees. As of January 31, 2014, we believe we were in compliance with our performance obligations under all contracts for which there is a financial performance guarantee, and the ultimate liability, if any, incurred in connection with these guarantees will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. Our historical non-compliance with our performance obligations has been insignificant.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, we provide indemnifications of varying scopes to customers against claims of intellectual property infringement made by third parties arising from the use of our products. Historically, costs related to these indemnification provisions have not been significant and we are unable to estimate the maximum potential impact of these indemnification provisions on our future results of operations.
To the extent permitted under Delaware law or other applicable law, we indemnify our directors, officers, employees, and agents against claims they may become subject to by virtue of serving in such capacities for us. We also have contractual indemnification agreements with our directors, officers, and certain senior executives. The maximum amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification arrangements and agreements is potentially unlimited; however, we have insurance coverage that limits our exposure and enables us to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. We are not able to estimate the fair value of these indemnification arrangements and agreements in excess of applicable insurance coverage, if any.
Legal Proceedings
On March 26, 2009, legal actions were commenced by Ms. Orit Deutsch, a former employee of our subsidiary, Verint Systems Limited ("VSL"), against VSL in the Tel Aviv Regional Labor Court (Case Number 4186/09) (the “Deutsch Labor Action”) and against CTI in the Tel Aviv Regional District Court (Case Number 1335/09) (the “Deutsch District Action”). In the Deutsch Labor Action, Ms. Deutsch filed a motion to approve a class action lawsuit on the grounds that she purports to represent a class of our employees and former employees who were granted Verint and CTI stock options and were allegedly damaged as a result of the suspension of option exercises during our previous extended filing delay period. In the Deutsch District Action, in addition to a small amount of individual damages, Ms. Deutsch is seeking to certify a class of plaintiffs who were allegedly damaged due to their inability to exercise Verint and CTI stock options as a result of alleged negligence by CTI in its financial reporting. The class certification motions do not specify an amount of damages. On February 8, 2010, the Deutsch Labor Action was dismissed for lack of material jurisdiction and was transferred to the Tel Aviv Regional District Court and consolidated with the Deutsch District Action. On March 16, 2009 and March 26, 2009, respectively, legal actions were commenced by Ms. Roni Katriel, a former employee of CTI's former subsidiary, Comverse Limited, against Comverse Limited in the Tel Aviv Regional Labor Court (Case Number 3444/09) (the “Katriel Labor Action”) and against CTI in the Tel Aviv
Regional District Court (Case Number 1334/09) (the “Katriel District Action”). In the Katriel Labor Action, Ms. Katriel is seeking to certify a class of plaintiffs who were granted CTI stock options and were allegedly damaged as a result of the suspension of option exercises during CTI's previous extended filing delay period. In the Katriel District Action, in addition to a small amount of individual damages, Ms. Katriel is seeking to certify a class of plaintiffs who were allegedly damaged due to their inability to exercise CTI stock options as a result of alleged negligence by CTI in its financial reporting. The class certification motions do not specify an amount of damages. On March 2, 2010, the Labor Court ordered the transfer of the case to the District Court in Tel Aviv - Jaffa, based on an agreed motion filed by the parties requesting such transfer.
On April 4, 2012, Ms. Deutsch and Ms. Katriel filed an uncontested motion to consolidate and amend their claims and on June 7, 2012, the court allowed Ms. Deutsch and Ms. Katriel to file the consolidated class certification motion and an amended consolidated complaint against VSL, CTI, and Comverse Limited. Following CTI's announcement of its intention to effect the Comverse share distribution, on July 12, 2012, the plaintiffs filed a motion requesting that the District Court order CTI to set aside up to $150 million in assets to secure any future judgment. The District Court ruled that it would not decide this motion until the Deutsch and Katriel class certification motion was heard. On August 16, 2012, in light of the announcement of the signing of the CTI Merger Agreement, the plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to appeal this District Court ruling to the Israeli Supreme Court. We filed our response to this motion on September 6, 2012.
Prior to the consummation of the Comverse share distribution, CTI either sold or transferred substantially all of its business operations and assets (other than its equity ownership interests in us and Comverse) to Comverse or unaffiliated third parties. On October 31, 2012, CTI completed the Comverse share distribution, in which it distributed all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Comverse to CTI's shareholders. As a result of the Comverse share distribution, Comverse became an independent public company and ceased to be a wholly owned subsidiary of CTI, and CTI ceased to have any material assets other than its equity interest in us.
We and the other defendants filed our responses to the complaint on November 11, 2012 and plaintiffs filed their replies on December 20, 2012. A pre-trial hearing for the case was held on December 25, 2012, during which all parties agreed to attempt to settle the dispute through mediation.
On February 4, 2013, we completed the CTI Merger. As a result of the CTI Merger, we have assumed certain rights and liabilities of CTI, including any liability of CTI arising out of the Deutsch District Action and the Katriel District Action. However, under the terms of the Distribution Agreement between CTI and Comverse relating to the Comverse share distribution, we, as successor to CTI, are entitled to indemnification from Comverse for any losses we suffer in our capacity as successor-in-interest to CTI in connection with the Deutsch District Action and the Katriel District Action.
On February 28, 2013, the mediation process began and, as of the date of this report, remains ongoing.
From time to time we or our subsidiaries may be involved in legal proceedings and/or litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business. While the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the outcome of any current claims will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
18.
SEGMENT, GEOGRAPHIC, AND SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMER INFORMATION
Segment Information
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the enterprise’s chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our Chief Executive Officer is our CODM.
We conduct our business through three operating segments-Enterprise Intelligence, Communications and Cyber Intelligence, and Video and Situation Intelligence. Organizing our business through three operating segments allows us to align our resources and domain expertise to effectively address the Actionable Intelligence market. We address the Customer Engagement Optimization market opportunity through solutions from our Enterprise Intelligence segment. We address the Security Intelligence market opportunity through solutions from our Communications and Cyber Intelligence segment and Video and Situation Intelligence segment, and we address the Fraud, Risk, and Compliance market opportunity through solutions from all three operating segments.
We measure the performance of our operating segments based upon operating segment revenue and operating segment contribution. Operating segment contribution includes segment revenue and expenses incurred directly by the segment, including material costs, service costs, research and development and selling, marketing, and administrative expenses. We do
not allocate certain expenses, which include the majority of general and administrative expenses, facilities and communication expenses, purchasing expenses, manufacturing support and logistic expenses, depreciation and amortization, amortization of capitalized software development costs, stock-based compensation, and special charges such as restructuring costs when calculating operating segment contribution. These expenses are included in the unallocated expenses section of the table presented below. Revenue from transactions between our operating segments is not material.
The accounting policies used to determine the performance of the operating segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies".
Revenue adjustments represent revenue of acquired companies which is included within segment revenue reviewed by the CODM, but not recognizable within GAAP revenue. These adjustments primarily relate to the acquisition-date excess of the historical carrying value over the fair value of acquired companies’ future maintenance and service performance obligations. As the obligations are satisfied, we report our segment revenue using the historical carrying values of these obligations, which we believe better reflects our ongoing maintenance and service revenue streams, whereas GAAP revenue is reported using the obligations’ acquisition-date fair values.
With the exception of goodwill and acquired intangible assets, we do not identify or allocate our assets by operating segment. Consequently, it is not practical to present assets by operating segment. There were no material changes in the allocation of goodwill and acquired intangible assets by operating segment during the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012. The allocations of goodwill and acquired intangible assets by operating segment appear in Note 6, "Intangible Assets and Goodwill".
Operating results by segment for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:
Geographic Information
Revenue by major geographic region is based upon the geographic location of the customers who purchase our products. The geographic locations of distributors, resellers, and systems integrators who purchase and resell our products may be different from the geographic locations of end customers.
Revenue in the Americas includes the United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, and other countries in the Americas. Revenue in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) includes the United Kingdom, Germany, Israel, and other countries in those regions. Revenue in the Asia-Pacific ("APAC") region includes Australia, India, Singapore, and other Asia-Pacific countries.
The information below summarizes revenue from unaffiliated customers by geographic area for the years ended January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:
Our long-lived assets primarily consist of net property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets, capitalized software development costs, deferred cost of revenue, and deferred income taxes. We believe that our tangible long-lived assets, which consist of our net property and equipment, are exposed to greater geographic area risks and uncertainties than intangible assets and long-term cost deferrals, because these tangible assets are difficult to move and are relatively illiquid.
Property and equipment, net by geographic area consisted of the following as of January 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:
Significant Customers
One customer in our Communications Intelligence operating segment accounted for slightly more than 10% of our revenue during the year ended January 31, 2014. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenue during the years ended January 31, 2013 and 2012.
19.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Business Combinations
On February 3, 2014, we completed the acquisition of KANA Software, Inc. and its subsidiaries through the merger of KANA Software, Inc.'s parent holding company, Kay Technology Holdings, Inc. (collectively, "KANA"), with an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Verint, with KANA continuing as the surviving company and as our wholly owned subsidiary. The purchase price consisted of $542.4 million of cash paid at the closing, partially offset by $28.2 million of KANA’s cash received in the acquisition, resulting in net cash consideration of $514.2 million. The purchase price is subject to customary
purchase price adjustments related to the final determination of KANA's cash, debt, net working capital, transaction expenses and taxes as of February 3, 2014.
The acquisition was funded through a combination of cash on hand, and as further described below, incremental term loans in connection with Amendment No. 1 to our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement, and borrowings under our existing revolving credit facility.
KANA, based in Sunnyvale, California and with global operations, is a leading provider of on-premises and cloud-based solutions which create differentiated, personalized, and integrated customer experiences for large enterprises and mid-market organizations. KANA is being integrated into our Enterprise Intelligence operating segment.
We incurred transaction and related costs, consisting primarily of professional fees directly related to the acquisition of KANA, of $2.3 million for the year ended January 31, 2014. All transaction and related costs were expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
On March 31, 2014, we completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of UTX Technologies Limited (“UTX”), a provider of certain mobile device tracking solutions for security applications, from UTX Limited. UTX Limited was our supplier of these products to our Communications Intelligence operating segment prior to the transaction. The purchase price consisted of $82.9 million of cash paid at closing, subject to adjustment, and we agreed to make potential additional future cash payments to UTX Limited of up to $1.5 million, contingent upon the achievement of certain performance targets over the period from closing through June 30, 2014. The cash paid at closing was funded with cash on hand. The acquired business, based in the EMEA region, is being integrated into our Communications Intelligence operating segment.
Transaction and related costs directly related to the acquisition of UTX were not significant for the year ended January 31, 2014. We are assessing whether the acquisition of UTX will change our current product development initiatives. Impairments identified in the carrying values of existing technology assets, if any, will be recorded in the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended April 30, 2014.
We are currently in the process of completing the purchase price accounting and related allocations associated with the acquisitions of KANA and UTX. Although this work is still in process, at this time we anticipate that a significant portion of the respective purchase prices will be allocated to goodwill and acquired identifiable intangible assets, including technology and customer assets, and we expect the preliminary purchase price accounting to be completed during the three months ending April 30, 2014. Additionally, we are still determining the pro forma impact of these acquisitions on our results for the year ended January 31, 2014.
Long-Term Debt
In connection with the acquisition of KANA, on February 3, 2014 we borrowed $125.0 million under our revolving credit facility and entered into Amendment No. 1 to our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement pursuant to which, on such date, we incurred $300.0 million of incremental term loans (the “2014 Term Loans”). The net proceeds of these borrowings were used to fund a portion of the KANA purchase price.
Borrowings under our revolving credit facility bear interest as described in Note 7, "Long-Term Debt" and are due upon maturity of the revolving credit facility in March 2018. The initial interest rate on the revolving credit borrowings was 4.00%, but was adjusted to 3.50% on March 7, 2014, as described below.
The 2014 Term Loans were subject to an original issuance discount of 0.25%, or $0.8 million, which is being amortized as interest expense over the term of the 2014 Term Loans using the effective interest method.
The 2014 Term Loans bear interest, payable quarterly or, in the case of Eurodollar loans with an interest period of three months or less, at the end of the applicable interest period, at a per annum rate of, at our election:
(a) in the case of Eurodollar loans, the Adjusted LIBO Rate plus 2.75%. The Adjusted LIBO Rate is the greater of (i) 0.75% per annum and (ii) the product of (x) the LIBO Rate and (y) Statutory Reserves (both as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement), and
(b) in the case of Base Rate loans, the Base Rate plus 1.75%. The Base Rate is the greatest of (i) the administrative agent’s prime rate, (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement) plus 0.50% and (iii) the Adjusted LIBO Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%.
The initial interest rate on the 2014 Term Loans was 3.50%.
We incurred debt issuance costs, which are being quantified but are estimated to be approximately $7.1 million associated with the 2014 Term Loans, which have been deferred and will be amortized as interest expense over the term of the 2014 Term Loans.
We are required to make principal payments of $0.8 million per quarter on the 2014 Term Loans commencing on May 1, 2014 and continuing through August 1, 2019, with the remaining balance due in September 2019. Optional prepayments of the 2014 Term Loans are permitted without premium or penalty, other than customary breakage costs associated with the prepayment of loans bearing interest based on LIBO Rates and a 1.0% premium applicable in the event of specified repricing transactions prior to September 8, 2014. The other terms, conditions and provisions applicable to the 2014 Term Loans, including provisions regarding security, guaranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of defaults, are consistent with those applicable to our 2013 Term Loans.
On February 3, 2014, we also entered into Amendment No. 2 to the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement which, among other things, (i) permits us to increase the permitted amount of additional incremental term loans and revolving credit commitments under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement (beyond the 2014 Term Loans borrowed under Amendment No. 1) by up to, in the aggregate, $200.0 million plus an additional amount such that the First Lien Leverage Ratio (as defined in Amendment No. 2) would not exceed the specified maximum ratio set forth therein, (ii) increased the size of certain negative covenant basket carve-outs, (iii) permits us to issue Permitted Convertible Indebtedness (as defined in Amendment No. 2), and (iv) permits us to refinance all or a portion of any existing class of term loans under the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement with replacement term loans.
Further, on February 3, 2014, we entered into Amendment No. 3 to the 2013 Amended Credit Agreement which extended by one year, to January 31, 2016, the step-down date of the leverage ratio covenant applicable to our revolving credit facility and, subject to the effectiveness of Amendment No. 4 (as described below), repriced the interest rate applicable to borrowings under the revolving credit facility to the interest rate applicable to the 2014 Term Loans.
On March 7, 2014, we entered into Amendment No. 4 to our 2013 Amended Credit Agreement to, among other things, reprice the interest rate applicable to the 2013 Term Loans to the interest rate applicable to the 2014 Term Loans. The repricing of the interest rate applicable to borrowings under the revolving credit facility contemplated by Amendment No. 3 became effective on March 7, 2014, upon the effectiveness of Amendment No. 4.
We incurred approximately $2.4 million of fees in consideration of Amendment No. 4, which have been deferred and will be amortized as interest expense over the remaining term of the 2013 Term Loans. As of March 7, 2014, there were approximately $4.3 million of unamortized deferred fees and $2.8 million of unamortized original issuance term loan discount associated with the 2013 Term Loans. We are assessing the impact that Amendment No. 4 may have on these unamortized costs.
Stock Bonus Program
On March 21, 2014, our board of directors approved up to 125,000 shares of common stock, and a discount of 15%, for awards under our stock bonus program for the year ending January 31, 2015. Executive officers will be permitted to participate in this program for the year ending January 31, 2015, but only to the extent that shares remain available for awards following the enrollment of all other participants. Shares awarded to executive officers with respect to the 15% discount will be subject to a one year vesting period.
20. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
Summarized condensed quarterly financial information for the years ended January 31, 2014 and 2013 appears in the following tables:
Net income (loss) per common share attributable to Verint Systems Inc. is computed independently for each quarterly period and for the year. Therefore, the sum of quarterly net income (loss) per common share amounts may not equal the amounts reported for the years.
The computation of diluted net income per share attributable to Verint Systems Inc. for the quarter ended January 31, 2013 assumes the conversion of our Preferred Stock into approximately 11.2 million shares of common stock.
Quarterly operating results for the year ended January 31, 2014 include a $9.7 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the three months ended April 30, 2013 associated with the amendment of a credit agreement.
Quarterly operating results for the year ended January 31, 2013 include professional fees and related expenses associated with the CTI Merger of approximately $0.9 million, $2.4 million, $9.6 million, and $3.2 million for the four quarterly periods in the year ended January 31, 2013, respectively.
As is typical for many software and technology companies, our business is subject to seasonal and cyclical factors. Our revenue and operating income are typically highest in the fourth quarter and lowest in the first quarter. Moreover, revenue and operating income in the first quarter of a new year may be lower than in the fourth quarter of the preceding year, potentially by a significant margin. In addition, we generally receive a higher volume of orders in the last month of a quarter, with orders concentrated in the later part of that month. We believe that these seasonal and cyclical factors primarily reflects customer
spending patterns and budget cycles, as well as the impact of compensation incentive plans for our sales personnel. While seasonal and cyclical factors such as these are common in the software and technology industry, this pattern should not be considered a reliable indicator of our future revenue or financial performance. Many other factors, including general economic conditions, also have an impact on our business and financial results. See "Risk Factors" under Item 1A for a more detailed discussion of factors which may affect our business and financial results.
Item 9.
Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
The information contained in this section covers management's evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures and management's assessment of our internal control over financial reporting in each case as of January 31, 2014.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of January 31, 2014. Disclosure controls and procedures are those controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified by the rules and forms promulgated by the SEC. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As a result of this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of January 31, 2014.
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate "internal control over financial reporting," as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our system of internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect every misstatement. An evaluation of effectiveness is subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may decrease over time.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2014. In making this assessment, our management utilized the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992). As a result of this evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of January 31, 2014.
Our independent registered accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as stated in their report included herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Under applicable SEC rules (Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(c) and 15d-15(c)) management is required to evaluate any change in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during each fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
In evaluating whether there were any reportable changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended January 31, 2014, management determined, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, that there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Verint Systems Inc.
Melville, New York
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Verint Systems Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of January 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on that risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2014, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended January 31, 2014 of the Company and our report dated March 31, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
New York, New York
March 31, 2014
Item 9B.
Item 9B. Other Information
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Except as set forth below, the information required by Item 10 will be included under the captions “Election of Directors”, “Corporate Governance”, “Executive Officers” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014 (the "2014 Proxy Statement") and is incorporated herein by reference.
Corporate Governance Guidelines
All of our employees, including our executive officers, are required to comply with our Code of Conduct. Additionally, our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and senior officers must comply with our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Senior Officers. The purpose of these corporate policies is to ensure to the greatest possible extent that our business is conducted in a consistently legal and ethical manner. The text of the Code of Conduct and the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Senior Officers is available on our website (www.verint.com). We intend to disclose on our website any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our policies as required by law.
Item 11.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by Item 11 will be included under the captions “Executive Compensation” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in the 2014 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Except as set forth below, the information required by Item 12 will be included under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the 2014 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our equity compensation plans as of January 31, 2014.
(1) The weighted-average price relates to outstanding stock options only (as of the applicable date). Other outstanding awards carry no exercise price and are therefore excluded from the weighted-average price.
(2) Consists of 515,908 stock options and 2,404,503 restricted stock units.
(3) Excludes 265,316 shares available under the Vovici Corporation 2006 Amended and Restated Stock Plan, which plan was assumed in connection with our acquisition of Vovici Corporation in 2011 and is not expected to be used for future awards.
Item 13.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by Item 13 will be included under the captions “Corporate Governance” and “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” in the 2014 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by Item 14 will be included under the caption “Audit Matters” in the 2014 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 15.
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Documents filed as part of this report
(1) Financial Statements
The consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report are listed on the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules have been omitted here because they are not applicable, not required, or the information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
(3) Exhibits
See (b) below.
(b) Exhibits
(1)These exhibits are being "furnished" with this periodic report and are not deemed "filed" with the SEC and are not incorporated by reference in any filing of the company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
* Certain exhibits and schedules have been omitted, and the company agrees to furnish supplementally to the SEC a copy of any omitted exhibits or schedules upon request.
** Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this form pursuant to Item 15(b) of this report.
(c) Financial Statement Schedules
None
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.