Item 1. Business
GENERAL
Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, GATX Corporation (“GATX” or the “Company”) leases, operates, manages and remarkets long-lived, widely-used assets, primarily in the rail and marine markets. GATX also invests in joint ventures that complement existing business activities. In 2012, the Company modified the composition of its reportable segments to reflect an increasing focus on international growth and related changes in its management structure. As a result, the Company now reports financial results through four primary business segments: Rail North America, Rail International, American Steamship Company (“ASC”) and Portfolio Management. All segment information is presented on this basis.
The following description of GATX’s business should be read in conjunction with the information contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Item 7 and the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For geographic and financial information relating to each of our reportable segments, see Notes 21 and 23 to the consolidated financial statements.
At December 31, 2012, GATX had total assets of $6.9 billion, comprised largely of railcars, marine vessels and joint venture investments. This amount included $0.9 billion of off balance sheet assets, primarily railcars, that were financed with operating leases and therefore were not recorded on the balance sheet.
OPERATIONS
GATX RAIL BUSINESS OVERVIEW
GATX and its rail affiliates lease tank cars, freight cars and locomotives in North America, Europe and India. GATX is also exploring rail leasing opportunities in Russia and China through wholly-owned subsidiaries as well as joint venture arrangements. GATX's wholly-owned fleet consists of approximately 131,000 railcars and 561 locomotives with an aggregate net book value of $5.1 billion (including off balance sheet assets) as of December 31, 2012. GATX's rail fleet is one of the largest privately-owned railcar fleets in the world, and with over a century of rail industry experience, GATX offers customers financial, asset, maintenance, and management expertise. GATX also has an ownership interest in approximately 30,000 railcars through investments in affiliated companies. Affiliate fleets consist primarily of freight and intermodal railcars. In addition, GATX actively manages fleets for an affiliate and other third-party owners of approximately 5,200 railcars and utilizes its extensive rail asset knowledge and experience to remarket both wholly-owned and managed rail assets. The following table sets forth GATX’s worldwide rail fleet data as of December 31, 2012:
GATX's rail customers primarily operate in the chemical, petroleum, food/agriculture and transportation industries. GATX's worldwide railcar fleet consists of a diverse selection of railcar types that are used by its customers to ship approximately 700 different commodities. The following table provides information on some of the major railcar types that GATX leases to its rail customers and the primary commodities shipped in these railcars.
RAIL NORTH AMERICA
Rail North America is comprised of GATX's wholly-owned operations in the United States, Canada and Mexico, as well as two affiliate investments. Rail North America primarily provides railcars pursuant to full-service leases under which it maintains the railcars, pays ad valorem taxes and insurance and provides other ancillary services. These railcars have estimated useful lives of 30 to 38 years and an average age of approximately 16 years. Rail North America has a large and diverse customer base, serving approximately 700 customers. In 2012, no single customer accounted for more than 5% of Rail North America’s total lease income, and the top ten customers combined accounted for approximately 24% of Rail North America’s total lease income. Rail North America leases new railcars for terms that generally range from one to ten or more years, with renewals of existing leases and assignments generally ranging from three to ten years. The average remaining lease term of the North American fleet was approximately four years as of December 31, 2012. Rail North America’s primary competitors are Union Tank Car Company, General Electric Railcar Services Corporation, American Railcar Leasing, Trinity Leasing, CIT Group Inc., and First Union Rail. Rail North America competes on the basis of customer relationships, lease rate, maintenance expertise, service capability and availability of railcars.
Rail North America purchases new railcars from a number of manufacturers, including Trinity Industries, American Railcar Industries, Inc., National Steel Car Ltd., and The Greenbrier Companies. In 2011, GATX entered into an agreement to acquire 12,500 newly built railcars from Trinity Industries that are delivering ratably over a five-year period. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 9,300 railcars remain to be delivered under the agreement. In addition, GATX acquires portfolios or fleets of railcars in the secondary market.
Rail North America also includes a locomotive leasing business, which consisted of 514 four-axle and 47 six-axle locomotives at December 31, 2012. Four-axle locomotives continue to be in demand by railroads and shippers despite not having been manufactured in any material quantity since the mid-1980s. The four-axle fleet, with periodic refurbishment, is expected to continue to be marketable and yield attractive returns. Locomotive customers are primarily Class I, regional and short-line railroads and industrial users. Leases are typically net leases with terms that vary from month-to-month to 15 years. As of December 31, 2012, the average remaining lease term of the locomotive fleet was 22 months. Rail North America's primary competitors in locomotive leasing are Helm Financial Corporation, CIT Group, Inc., and Progress Rail Services Corporation. Competitive factors in the market include equipment condition, availability, customer service and pricing.
Rail North America also selectively remarkets rail assets, including assets managed for third parties and certain affiliates. Remarketing activities often generate fees and gains from these asset sales, which contribute significantly to Rail North America’s segment profit.
Maintenance
Rail North America operates an extensive network of service facilities in the United States and Canada that perform repair, maintenance, modification and regulatory compliance work on the railcar fleet. The maintenance network is dedicated to performing timely, efficient and high quality repair services in order to keep railcars in service for customers throughout the lease term and the useful life of the asset. Maintenance services include interior cleaning of railcars, general repairs to the car body and safety appliances, regulatory compliance work, wheelset replacements, exterior blast and painting, and car stenciling. To the extent possible, railcar maintenance is scheduled in a manner that minimizes the amount of time the car is out of service. Rail North America’s maintenance network consists of:
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Six major service centers that can complete virtually any repair or modification project.
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Two field repair centers that can perform most repair and maintenance activities.
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Six customer-dedicated sites operating solely within specific customer facilities that offer services tailored to the needs of the particular customers’ fleets.
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Three “Fast Track” locations in the United States that are smaller in size and scale than major service centers and primarily focus on routine cleaning, repair and regulatory compliance services.
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Twenty mobile repair units that are able to travel to many track-side field locations and provide spot repairs and interior cleaning services, avoiding the need to otherwise shop a railcar.
The maintenance network is supplemented by a number of preferred third-party service centers. In certain cases, GATX has entered into fixed-capacity contracts with these service centers under which Rail North America has secured access to repair capacity. In 2012, third-party service centers accounted for approximately 39% of Rail North America’s service center maintenance costs (excluding the cost of repairs performed by railroads).
In 2012, wholly-owned and third party service centers performed an aggregate of approximately 82,000 service events, including multiple independent service events for the same car.
Affiliates
Adler Funding LLC ("Adler") is a 12.5%-owned joint venture that was formed in 2010 as a railcar leasing partnership with UniCredit Bank AG, Sperber Rail Holdings Inc., and LBT Holding Corporation. Rail North America provides lease, maintenance and asset remarketing services to Adler, for which it receives a base service fee and a performance-based asset remarketing fee. As of December 31, 2012, Adler owned approximately 4,100 railcars in North America consisting primarily of general purpose freight cars with an average age of approximately nine years.
Southern Capital Corporation LLC (“SCC”) is a 50%-owned joint venture with the Kansas City Southern Railroad (“KCSR”). SCC was formed in 1996 and controls approximately 2,000 freight cars and 48 locomotives, all of which are on lease to KCSR.
RAIL INTERNATIONAL
Rail International is comprised of GATX's wholly-owned European operations ("Rail Europe") and its newly established railcar leasing business in India ("Rail India"), as well as two affiliate investments. Rail Europe leases railcars, predominantly tank cars to customers throughout Europe pursuant to full-service leases under which it maintains the railcars and provides insurance and other ancillary services. These railcars have estimated useful lives of 30 to 38 years and an average age of approximately 22 years. Rail Europe has a diverse customer base with over 200 customers. In 2012, two customers each accounted for more than 10% of Rail Europe's total lease income and the top ten customers combined accounted for approximately 60% of Rail Europe's total lease income. Rail Europe's lease terms generally range from one to seven years and at December 31, 2012, the average remaining lease term of the European fleet was approximately two years. Rail Europe principally competes on the basis of customer relationships, lease rate, maintenance expertise, service capacity and availability of railcars. Its primary competitors are VTG Aktiengesellschaft, the Ermewa Group and Nacco.
Rail Europe acquires new railcars primarily from Astra Rail Industries S.R.L. and VRZ Karlovo. Additionally, Rail Europe's Ostróda, Poland maintenance facility assembles several hundred Rail Europe tank cars each year. As of December 31, 2012, Rail Europe has commitments to acquire 1,500 newly manufactured railcars to be delivered in 2013 and 2014. Commitments to purchase an additional 2,000 new railcars through 2015 exist but are subject to cancellation provisions at Rail Europe's discretion.
Rail India began operations in 2012 and was the first leasing company registered under the Indian Railways Wagon Leasing Scheme. Rail India took delivery of its first 46 newly manufactured flat wagon railcars in December 2012. In 2013, Rail India will focus on pursuing further investment opportunities in new and existing flat wagons, and developing relationships with customer and suppliers as well as with the Indian Railways.
Maintenance
Rail Europe operates service centers in Hannover, Germany and Ostróda, Poland that perform significant repairs, regulatory compliance and modernization work for owned railcars. These service centers are supplemented by a number of third-party repair facilities, which in 2012 accounted for approximately 52% of Rail Europe's fleet repair costs.
In India, all maintenance of railcars is performed by the Indian Railways or by a third party service provider retained by the Indian Railways.
Rail International Affiliates
AAE Cargo AG (“AAE”) is a 37.5% owned Switzerland-based railcar lessor that, as of December 31, 2012, owned approximately 24,500 freight cars, comprised of 60% intermodal cars, 15% covered cars and 25% other freight car types, with an average age of 13 years. AAE’s customer base consists of various railways throughout Europe as well as private operators. As of December 31, 2012, the average remaining lease term of AAE railcars was approximately two years.
In 2012, IMC-GATX Financial Leasing (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“IMC-GATX China”) was established as a 50% owned China-based joint venture between GATX and IMC Pan Asia Alliance Group (“IMC”). IMC is a well-established shipping enterprise with experience operating in China and is also a partner with GATX in a marine joint venture. The primary objective of IMC-GATX China is to establish a rail leasing business in China, if that market develops. IMC-GATX China may also pursue non-rail leasing opportunities.
ASC
ASC operates the largest fleet of U.S. flagged vessels on the Great Lakes, providing waterborne transportation of dry bulk commodities such as iron ore, coal, limestone aggregates and metallurgical limestone. End markets for these commodities include domestic automobile manufacturing, electricity generation and non-residential construction. Customer service, primarily in the form of scheduling flexibility, reliability and operating safety, is the key to ASC’s success. ASC’s sailing season generally runs from April 1 through December 31; however, depending on customer demand and weather conditions, certain vessels may commence operations during March and continue to operate into January of the following year.
At December 31, 2012, ASC’s fleet consisted of 18 vessels with a net book value of $305.2 million, including $21.0 million of off balance sheet assets. Fourteen of the vessels are diesel powered, have an average age of 35 years and estimated useful lives of 65 years. The length of the diesel vessels ranges from 635 to 1,004 feet and they have maximum load capacities between 23,800 and 80,900 gross tons. Three steam powered vessels were built in the 1940s and 1950s and have estimated remaining useful lives of seven years. The length of the steamer vessels ranges from 690 to 767 feet and they have maximum load capacities between 22,300 and 26,300 gross tons. The other vessel in ASC's fleet is a newly manufactured articulated tug-barge, which is leased in under an operating lease that expires in 2018. The tug is diesel powered and the barge is 740 feet in length with a carrying capacity of 34,000 gross tons. Seventeen of ASC’s vessels are generally available for both service contract and spot business, while one vessel has dedicated service under a time charter agreement that is scheduled to expire in 2015. ASC’s vessels operate exclusively in the fresh water conditions of the Great Lakes and as a result, with proper maintenance and periodic refurbishment, may achieve extended service well beyond the useful life estimates.
All of ASC’s vessels are equipped with self-unloading equipment, enabling them to discharge dry bulk cargo without assistance from shore-side equipment or personnel. This equipment enables the vessels to operate twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. ASC’s vessels are capable of transporting and unloading almost any free flowing, dry bulk commodity. In 2012, ASC served 20 customers with the top five customers comprising 84% of ASC’s total revenue.
ASC’s vessels operate pursuant to customer contracts that stipulate committed freight volume each year that may be supplemented with additional spot volume opportunities. In 2012, ASC operated 14 vessels and carried 29.7 million net tons of cargo. ASC has a relatively stable customer portfolio that includes a mix of companies in the steel production, electric utility and construction industries. The number of vessels deployed by ASC in any given year is dependent on customer volume requirements. In response to demand, ASC may choose not to operate certain vessels.
ASC’s primary competitors on the Great Lakes are Interlake Steamship Company, VanEnkevort Tug and Barge, Grand River Navigation, and Great Lakes Fleet, Inc. ASC principally competes on the basis of service capabilities, customer relationships and price.
The United States shipping industry is subject to the Jones Act (the “Act”), which requires all commercial vessels transporting goods between U.S. ports to be built, owned, operated and manned by U.S. citizens and registered under the U.S. flag.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
Portfolio Management is an aggregation of a group of diversified owned assets and joint venture investments ("affiliates") and provides leasing, asset remarketing and asset management services. Portfolio Management selectively invests in long-lived, widely used assets with a focus on domestic marine and container related equipment and extends its market reach through affiliate investments.
The following table sets forth the approximate net book values of Portfolio Management’s assets as of December 31 (in millions):
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* Includes off balance sheet assets
Owned and Managed Assets
Portfolio Management's wholly-owned portfolio primarily consists of investments in operating assets, finance lease assets and secured loans. Operating and finance lease assets include chemical parcel tankers, shipping containers, inland marine barges, gas compression equipment, biofuel equipment, and other transportation equipment. Operating assets have estimated useful lives of 3 to 30 years. Operating assets are either placed with customers under operating leases, the majority of which expire by 2018, or in the case of certain marine assets, are operated by a service provider under pooling arrangements. Portfolio Management also remarkets assets, generating portfolio proceeds and asset disposition gains and losses.
Portfolio Management further leverages its equipment knowledge by managing portfolios of assets for third parties. The majority of these managed assets are in markets where GATX has a high level of expertise. Portfolio Management generates fee and residual sharing income through portfolio administration and remarketing of these assets.
Portfolio Management’s principal competitors are captive leasing companies of equipment manufacturers, leasing subsidiaries of commercial banks and independent leasing companies. Factors that affect Portfolio Management’s ability to compete are equipment expertise, GATX’s relationships, relative cost of funds, and the availability of other financing alternatives to potential customers.
Affiliates
Portfolio Management's investments in affiliated companies primarily include aircraft engine leasing and shipping operations. Portfolio Management invests in joint ventures to expand its presence in key markets, expand geographically and diversify risks. Portfolio Management's joint venture partners are typically well established companies with extensive experience in their respective markets.
The Rolls-Royce & Partners Finance companies (collectively the “RRPF Affiliates”) are a collection of fourteen 50%-owned domestic and foreign joint ventures with Rolls-Royce plc (or affiliates thereof, collectively “Rolls-Royce”), a leading manufacturer of commercial aircraft jet engines. The RRPF Affiliates are primarily engaged in two business activities: lease financing of aircraft engines to a diverse group of commercial aircraft operators worldwide and sale-leaseback financing of aircraft engines to Rolls-Royce for use in their engine maintenance programs. As of December 31, 2012, the RRPF Affiliates, in aggregate, owned 402 engines, of which 176 were on lease to Rolls-Royce. These aircraft engines are generally depreciated over a useful life of 25 years when new and, depending on actual hours of usage and with proper maintenance, may achieve extended service well beyond the useful life estimate. As of December 31, 2012, the average age of these engines was approximately 9 years. Lease terms vary but typically range from 7 to 10 years. Rolls-Royce acts as manager for each of the RRPF Affiliates and also performs substantially all required maintenance activities.
Cardinal Marine Investments LLC (“Cardinal Marine”) is a 50%-owned marine joint venture with IMC Holdings, a subsidiary of IMC. IMC is a leading Asia-focused integrated maritime and industrial solutions provider with diversified interests in dry and liquid bulk shipping, ship and crew management, offshore and marine engineering, oil and gas assets, and services and logistics. Cardinal Marine owns six chemical parcel tankers (each with 45,000 dead weight tons (“dwt”) carrying capacity) that operate under a pooling arrangement with IMC's other chemical tankers in support of the movement of liquid bulk chemicals in the Middle East Gulf/Far East and U.S. Gulf/Far East trades.
Somargas II Private Limited (“Somargas”) and Singco Gas Pte, Limited (“Singco”), respectively, are 35% and 50%-owned joint ventures with IM Skaugen ASA (“Skaugen”). Skaugen is a 96-year old Norwegian company that operates a fleet of approximately 40 vessels primarily engaged in the transport of petrochemical gases and the ship to ship transfer of crude oil and liquefied natural gas (“LNG”). Somargas owns six liquid petroleum gas/ethylene vessels (each with 8,500 - 10,000 cubic meters (“cbm”) carrying capacity). Singco owns four liquid petroleum gas/ethylene/LNG vessels (each with 10,000 cbm carrying capacity). The Somargas and Singco vessels operate under a pooling arrangement with the Skaugen fleet. The major trade lanes are the Arabian Peninsula to South Asia and the Far East.
Intermodal Investment Funds V and VII are each 50%-owned joint ventures with DVB Bank SE. The affiliates were formed to finance shipping containers, which are on direct finance leases to third parties.
Clipper Third Limited (“Clipper Third”) was a 50%-owned joint venture with Clipper Group Invest Ltd. (the “Clipper Group”). Clipper Third supported the worldwide movement of dry bulk products such as grain, cement, coal and steel. In 2012, the Clipper Third partners sold the affiliate's remaining assets and discontinued the joint venture.
Enerven Compression, LLC (“Enerven”) was a 45.6%-owned joint venture with ING Investment Management and Enerven management. Enerven provided natural gas compression equipment leasing through its subsidiary, Enerven Compression Services (“ECS”) and third-party maintenance and repair services through its subsidiary, Worldwide Energy Solutions Company (“WESCO”). In 2012, the Enerven partners sold substantially all of the assets and are in the process of liquidating the joint venture.
In 2011, the Clipper Fourth Limited and Clipper Fourth APS marine joint ventures, in each of which GATX held a 45% interest, were dissolved. In connection with the dissolutions, GATX took ownership of six chemical parcel tankers.
TRADEMARKS, PATENTS AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Patents, trademarks, licenses and research and development activities are not material to GATX’s businesses taken as a whole.
SEASONAL NATURE OF BUSINESS
ASC’s fleet is inactive for a significant portion of the first quarter of each year due to the winter conditions on the Great Lakes.
CUSTOMER BASE
GATX, taken as a whole, is not dependent upon a single customer nor does it have any significant customer concentrations. Segment concentrations, if material, are described above.
EMPLOYEES AND EMPLOYEE RELATIONS
As of December 31, 2012, GATX employed 2,046 persons, of whom 35% were union workers covered by collective bargaining agreements.
The hourly employees at Rail North America’s three major U.S. service centers are represented by the United Steelworkers. Employees at three of Rail North America’s Canadian service centers are represented by to the Communication, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada. The shipboard personnel at ASC are represented by the American Maritime Officers and the Seafarers International Union.
As of January 31, 2013, the terms and status of GATX's existing collective bargaining agreements were as follows:
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
GATX's operations, facilities and properties are subject to extensive federal, state, local, and foreign environmental laws and regulations. These laws cover discharges to waters; air emissions; toxic substances; the generation, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of waste and hazardous materials; and the investigation and remediation of contamination. These laws have the effect of increasing the cost and liability associated with leasing and operating assets, and violations can result in significant fines, penalties or other liability to the Company. Environmental risks and compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations are inherent in rail operations, which frequently involve transporting chemicals and other hazardous materials.
GATX is subject to, and may from time to time continue to be subject to, environmental cleanup and enforcement actions in the U.S. and in the foreign countries in which it operates. In particular, the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), also known as the Superfund law, generally imposes joint and several liability for investigation, cleanup and enforcement costs on current and former owners and operators of a site, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct. Accordingly, GATX has been and may, in the future, be named as a potentially responsible party under CERCLA and other federal, state, local, and foreign laws or regulations for all or a portion of the costs to investigate and clean up sites at which certain contaminants may have been discharged or released by GATX, its current lessees, former owners or lessees of properties, or other third parties. Environmental remediation and other environmental costs are accrued when considered probable and amounts can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2012, environmental costs were not material to GATX's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. For further discussion, see Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The following information regarding GATX’s executive officers is included in Part I in lieu of inclusion in the definitive GATX Proxy Statement:
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Mr. Kenney has served as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer since 2005. Previously, Mr. Kenney served as President from 2004 to 2005, Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer from 2002 to 2004, Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer from 1999 to 2002, Vice President, Finance from 1998 to 1999, Vice President and Treasurer from 1997 to 1998, and Treasurer from 1995 to 1996.
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Mr. Lyons has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since June 2012. Previously, Mr. Lyons served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from 2007 to June 2012, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from 2004 to 2007, Vice President, Investor Relations from 2000 to 2004, Project Manager, Corporate Finance from 1998 to 2000, and Director of Investor Relations from 1996 to 1998.
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Mr. Earl has served as Executive Vice President, GATX Corporation and President, GATX Rail International since June 2012. In addition, Mr. Earl has served as the Chief Executive Officer of American Steamship Company since June 2012. Previously, Mr. Earl served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from 2006 to June 2012, Executive Vice President - Rail from 2004 to 2006, Executive Vice President - Commercial at Rail from 2001 to 2004 and in a variety of increasingly responsible positions in the GATX Capital Rail Group from 1988 to 2001.
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Ms. Golden has served as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since June 2012. Previously, Ms. Golden served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary from 2007 to June 2012. Ms. Golden joined GATX in 2006 as Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. Prior to joining GATX, Ms. Golden served as Vice President and General Counsel of Midwest Generation, LLC from 2004 to 2005, Deputy General Counsel, State of Illinois, Office of the Governor from 2003 to 2004 and Assistant General Counsel with Ameritech Corporation/SBC Communications, Inc. from 1997 to 2001.
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Mr. Brooks has served as Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer since November 2008. Prior to joining GATX, Mr. Brooks served as Chief Information Officer and Vice President of the retail division of Constellation Energy and held various consulting roles of increasing responsibility with Accenture and Oracle Corporation.
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Mr. Ellman has served as Senior Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer since 2011. Previously, Mr. Ellman served as Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer from 2006 to November 2011. Prior to re-joining GATX in 2006, Mr. Ellman served as Senior Vice President and Chief Risk Officer and Senior Vice President, Asset Management of GE Equipment Services, Railcar Services and held various positions at GATX in the GATX Rail Finance Group.
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Mr. Glenn has served as Senior Vice President, Portfolio Management since 2007. Previously, Mr. Glenn served as Vice President, Portfolio Management from 2006 to 2007 and as a GATX Corporation Vice President since 2004 and Executive Vice President of Portfolio Management since 2003. Prior to that, Mr. Glenn served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the GATX Capital Division of GATX Financial Corporation from 2000 to 2003 and in a variety of increasingly responsible positions at GATX Capital from 1980 to 2000.
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Ms. Lawler has served as Senior Vice President, Human Resources since 2008. Prior to joining GATX, Ms. Lawler served as Senior Vice President, Operations of Newsday, a Tribune Publishing Company. She joined Tribune Company in 1997 as Human Resources Counsel.
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Mr. Muckian has served as Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer since 2007. Previously, Mr. Muckian served as Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer from 2002 to 2007, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer from 2000 to 2002, and Director of Taxes of GATX from 1994 to 2000.
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Mr. Matthews has served as Vice President and Group Executive, Operations, since April 2010. Prior to joining GATX, Mr. Matthews served as Senior Vice President of Operations for FreightCar America from 2007 to April 2010. He began, his rail industry career with Trinity Industries, working through a variety of operational, commercial and strategic roles.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
GATX makes available free of charge at its website, www.gatx.com, its most recent annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "1934 Act"), as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Charters for the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Governance Committee of the Board of Directors, the Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the Code of Ethics for Senior Officers are posted under Corporate Governance in the Investor Relations section of the GATX website, and are available in print upon request by any shareholder. Within the time period prescribed by SEC and New York Stock Exchange regulations, GATX will post on its website any amendment to the Code of Ethics for Senior Officers and the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics or any waivers thereof. The information on GATX’s website is not incorporated by reference into this report.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this report may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are subject to the safe harbor provisions of those sections and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may appear throughout this report, including without limitation, in the sections entitled “Business”, “Risk Factors” and “Management's Discussion and Analysis”. Forward-looking statements refer to information that is not purely historical, such as estimates, projections and statements relating to our business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions on which those statements are based. Some of these statements may be identified by words like “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “predict,” “project” or other similar words. Investors are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or developments to differ materially from the forward-looking statements.
A detailed discussion of the known material risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements is included in this report in Item 1A, “Risk Factors”. Specific risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, (1) general economic, market, regulatory and political conditions affecting the rail, marine and other industries served by GATX and its customers; (2) competitive factors in GATX's primary markets, including lease pricing and asset availability; (3) lease rates, utilization levels and operating costs in GATX's primary operating segments; (4) conditions in the capital markets or changes in GATX's credit ratings and financing costs; (5) risks related to GATX's international operations and expansion into new geographic markets;
(6) risks related to compliance with, or changes to, laws, rules and regulations applicable to GATX and its rail, marine and other assets; (7) operational disruption and increased costs associated with compliance maintenance programs and other maintenance initiatives; (8) operational and financial risks associated with long-term railcar purchase commitments; (9) changes in loss provision levels within GATX's portfolio; (10) conditions affecting certain assets, customers or regions where GATX has a large investment; (11) impaired asset charges that may result from changing market conditions or portfolio management decisions implemented by GATX; (12) opportunities for remarketing income; (13) labor relations with unions representing GATX employees; and (14) the outcome of pending or threatened litigation.
Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's analysis, judgment, belief or expectation only as of the date hereof. GATX has based these forward-looking statements on information currently available and disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
Item 1A.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
GATX is subject to a number of risks that investors should consider before investing in GATX’s securities. These risks include the factors described below as well as other information contained in this filing and GATX’s other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. If any of the events described below were to occur, GATX’s business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects could suffer.
Competition could result in decreased profitability.
GATX operates in a highly competitive business environment. In many cases, competitors are larger entities that have greater financial resources, higher credit ratings and a lower cost of capital than GATX. These factors may enable competitors to offer leases and loans to customers at lower rates than GATX is able to provide, thus impacting GATX’s asset utilization or GATX’s ability to lease assets on a profitable basis.
Weak economic conditions, financial market volatility and other factors may decrease customer demand for GATX’s assets and services and negatively impact GATX’s business and results of operations.
GATX relies upon continued demand from its customers to lease its railcars, locomotives, marine assets and other equipment. Demand for these assets is dependent upon the markets for the products and services offered by the Company’s customers and the strength and growth of their businesses. A number of GATX’s customers operate in cyclical markets, such as the steel, chemical and construction industries, which are susceptible to macroeconomic downturns in the United States and abroad and may experience significant changes in demand over time.
Weak economic conditions in the United States and other parts of the world in recent years have reduced demand from certain GATX customers for the types of assets and services GATX provides. Continued weakness in certain sectors of the economy also may make it more difficult for GATX to lease certain types of railcars that are returned either at the end of a lease term or as a result of a customer bankruptcy or default. In Europe, the ongoing sovereign debt crisis, the loss of value by the Euro and related effects on the European banking system have contributed to growing instability in the European currency and credit markets. Further deterioration of European economic conditions or significant loss of value by the Euro could reduce demand for the Company’s European rail assets.
In many cases, demand for GATX’s assets is also dependent on customers’ desire to lease, rather than purchase assets. There are a number of items that factor into the customer’s decision to lease or purchase assets, such as tax and accounting considerations, interest rates and operational flexibility. GATX has no control over these external considerations, and changes in these factors, including potential changes to lease accounting rules, could negatively impact demand for its assets held for lease.
Additional factors influencing customer demand for GATX’s assets include changes in production volumes, potential changes in supply chains, choices regarding type of transportation asset, availability of substitutes and other operational needs. Demand for the marine assets and shipping services provided by the Company and its marine joint ventures is also dependent upon the factors discussed above. A significant decline in customer demand for the assets and services provided by GATX could adversely affect the Company’s financial performance.
GATX may be unable to maintain assets on lease at satisfactory rates.
GATX’s profitability is largely dependent on its ability to maintain assets on lease at satisfactory rates and to re-lease or sell assets upon lease expiration. A number of factors can adversely affect asset utilization rates and lease rates, including, but not limited to, an economic downturn causing reduced demand, changes in customer behavior, excess capacity in the marketplace or other changes in supply or demand for such assets. Economic uncertainty or a decline in customer demand for GATX’s assets could cause customers to demand shorter lease terms and lower lease rates and could result in a decrease in the utilization rate for GATX’s assets and reduced revenues. Alternatively, customers may seek to lock-in relatively low lease rates for longer terms thereby resulting in an adverse impact on current or future revenues.
GATX’s access to newly-built railcars may be limited, and long-term railcar purchase commitments could subject GATX to material operational and financial risks.
Unlike certain of its competitors in the railcar leasing market, GATX does not manufacture railcars. GATX’s ability to acquire newly-built railcars could be limited if the Company is unable to procure railcars from manufacturers on competitive terms.
In order to obtain committed access to a supply of newly-built railcars on competitive terms, GATX from time to time enters into long-term supply agreements with manufacturers to purchase significant numbers of newly-built railcars over a multi-year period. The Company’s purchase commitments under these long-term agreements generally are not subject to cancellation or material reduction by GATX. If economic conditions weaken during the term of a long-term supply agreement, GATX would be required to continue to accept delivery of, and pay for, new railcars at times when it is difficult for the Company to place the railcars with customers and the Company’s financing costs may be unattractively high.
GATX’s rail and marine assets and operations are subject to various laws, rules and regulations, and failure to comply with, or changes to, these laws, rules or regulations could have a significant negative effect on GATX’s business and profitability.
GATX’s rail and marine operations are subject to various laws, rules and regulations administered by authorities in jurisdictions where GATX does business. In the United States, GATX’s railcar fleet and operations are subject to rules and regulations relating to safety, operations, maintenance and mechanical standards promulgated by various federal and state agencies and industry organizations, including the U.S. Department of Transportation, the Federal Railroad Administration and the Association of American Railroads. In addition, state agencies regulate some aspects of rail operations with respect to health and safety matters not otherwise preempted by federal law. GATX’s business operations and its railcar fleet may be adversely impacted by rules and regulations promulgated by these governmental and industry agencies, which could require substantial modification, maintenance or refurbishment of GATX’s railcars or potentially make such railcars inoperable or obsolete. Violations of these rules and regulations can result in substantial fines and penalties, including potential limitations on operations or forfeitures of assets.
Similarly, GATX’s marine assets and operations are subject to regulation by various federal and state agencies, including the Maritime Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation, the U.S. Coast Guard and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which establish rules and regulations relating to safety, citizenship, emissions, ballast discharges and other environmental and operational matters. If GATX fails to comply with these rules and regulations, the Company could be prohibited from operating or leasing marine assets in the U.S. market and, under certain circumstances, could incur severe fines and penalties, including potential limitations on operations or forfeitures of assets.
In addition, GATX’s foreign operations are subject to the jurisdiction of authorities in countries where the Company does business. Failure to comply with, or future changes to, any of the foregoing laws, rules or regulations could restrict the use or reduce the economic value of GATX’s assets, including loss of revenue, or cause GATX to incur significant expenditures to comply, thereby increasing operating expenses. Certain changes to laws, rules and regulations, or actions by authorities under existing laws, rules or regulations, could result in the obsolescence of various assets or impose compliance costs that are so significant as to render such assets economically obsolete.
A significant increase in the number of tank cars requiring compliance-based maintenance could negatively impact operations and substantially increase costs.
GATX performs a variety of maintenance programs on its full-service tank cars based upon their service time that are mandated by government regulations and industry rules. New government regulations or industry rules are enacted from time to time, which may
affect the number and type of procedures required to be performed. These compliance programs are cyclical in nature and as a result, GATX can face significant increases in the volume of tank cars requiring extensive maintenance in any given year. A significant increase in the number of tank cars requiring maintenance may negatively impact GATX's operations and substantially increase maintenance and other related costs. In addition, while GATX has contracted with third party maintenance providers to assist in performing these compliance procedures, GATX's access to these providers may be constrained or costs may increase substantially in times of high demand from other tank car owners for services from these same providers.
Deterioration of conditions in the global capital markets, weakening of macroeconomic conditions, and negative changes in credit ratings may limit the ability of GATX to secure financing and may increase its borrowing costs.
GATX relies, in large part, upon banks and capital markets to fund its operations and contractual commitments, including the issuance of long-term debt instruments and commercial paper. These markets can experience high levels of volatility and access to capital can be constrained for an extended period of time. In addition to conditions in the capital markets, a number of other factors could cause GATX to incur increased borrowing costs and to have greater difficulty accessing public and private markets for both secured and unsecured debt. These factors include GATX’s financial performance and its credit ratings and rating outlook as determined primarily by rating agencies such as Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investor Service. If GATX is unable to secure financing on acceptable terms, the Company’s other sources of funds, including available cash, bank facilities, cash flow from operations and portfolio proceeds, may not be adequate to fund its operations and contractual commitments.
GATX’s assets may become obsolete.
In addition to changes in laws, rules and regulations that may make assets obsolete, GATX may be adversely impacted by changes in the preferred method used by the Company’s customers to ship their products, changes in demand for particular products, or by a shift by customers toward purchasing assets rather than leasing them from GATX. The industries in which GATX’s customers operate are driven by dynamic market forces and trends, which are in turn influenced by economic and political factors in the United States and abroad. Demand for GATX’s rail and marine assets may be significantly affected by changes in the markets in which the Company’s customers operate. A significant reduction in customer demand for transportation or manufacture of a particular product or change in the preferred method of transportation used by customers to ship their products could result in the economic obsolescence of GATX assets leased by those customers.
Events or conditions negatively affecting certain assets, customers or geographic regions in which GATX has a large investment could have a negative impact on its results of operations.
GATX’s revenues are generally derived from a number of different asset types, customers, industries and geographic locations. However, from time to time, GATX could have a large investment in a particular asset type, a large revenue stream associated with a particular customer or industry, or a large number of customers located in a particular geographic region. Decreased demand from a discrete event impacting a particular asset type, discrete events with respect to a specific customer or industry, or adverse regional economic conditions, particularly for those assets, customers or regions in which GATX has a concentrated exposure, could have a negative impact on GATX’s results of operations.
Risks related to GATX's international operations and expansion into new geographic markets could adversely affect GATX's business, financial condition and operating results.
GATX generates a significant amount of its net income outside the United States and in recent years has increased its focus on international rail growth and expansion into select emerging markets as a means to grow and diversify earnings. GATX's foreign operations and international expansion strategy are subject to risks associated with international operations, including: compliance with United States laws affecting operations outside of the United States, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act; compliance with a variety of local laws and regulations; changes in tax laws and the interpretation of those laws; fluctuations in currency values; sudden changes in foreign currency exchange controls; discriminatory or conflicting fiscal policies; difficulties enforcing contractual rights or foreclosing to obtain the return of GATX assets in certain jurisdictions; greater risk of uncollectible accounts and longer collection cycles; effective and immediate implementation of appropriate controls, policies and processes across GATX's diverse operations and employee base; nationalization of properties by foreign governments, and imposition of additional or new tariffs, quotas, trade barriers and similar restrictions on GATX's sales outside the United States. Moreover, political and economic changes or volatility, geopolitical regional conflicts, terrorist activity, political unrest, civil strife, acts of war, public corruption and other economic or political uncertainties could
interrupt and negatively affect GATX's business operations. Depending upon the severity, scope and duration of these conditions or events, the adverse impact on GATX's financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be material.
GATX’s allowance for losses may prove inadequate.
GATX’s allowance for losses on reservable assets may not be adequate over time to cover credit losses in its portfolio if unexpected adverse changes in the economy differ from the expectations of management or if discrete events adversely affect specific customers, industries or markets. If the credit quality of GATX’s customer base materially deteriorates, the Company may be required to provide for additional credit losses and GATX’s financial position or results of operations could be negatively impacted.
GATX may incur future asset impairment charges.
GATX regularly reviews long-lived assets and joint venture investments for impairment, including when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset or investment may not be recoverable. GATX may be required to recognize asset impairment charges in the future as a result of a weak economic environment, challenging market conditions, events related to particular customers or asset types, or as a result of asset or portfolio sale decisions by management or other factors that affect GATX’s estimates of expected cash flows to be generated from its long-lived assets or joint venture investments.
GATX is subject to extensive environmental regulations and the costs of remediation may be material.
GATX’s operations are subject to extensive federal, foreign, state and local environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other things, the discharge of hazardous materials and remediation of contaminated sites. In addition, some of GATX’s properties, including those previously owned or leased, have been used for industrial purposes whose activities may have resulted in discharges onto the property. Environmental liability can extend to previously owned or operated properties as well as properties currently owned and used by the Company. Environmental liabilities are routinely assessed, including obligations and commitments for remediation of contaminated sites and assessments of ranges and probabilities of recoveries from other responsible parties. Due to the regulatory complexities and risk of unidentified contaminants on its properties, the potential exists for environmental and remediation costs to be materially different from the costs GATX has estimated.
GATX has been, and may in the future be, involved in various types of litigation.
The nature of GATX’s businesses and assets expose the Company to the potential for claims and litigation related to personal injury and property damage, environmental claims and various other matters. Certain GATX railcars may be used by customers to transport hazardous materials, and a rupture of a railcar carrying such materials in an accident could lead to litigation and subject GATX to the potential for significant liability. GATX's failure to maintain railcars in compliance with governmental regulations and industry rules could expose the Company to personal injury, property damage and environmental claims. A substantial adverse judgment against GATX could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
High energy prices could have a negative effect on the demand for GATX’s products and services.
Energy prices, including the price of natural gas and oil, are significant cost drivers for many of GATX’s customers, either directly in the form of raw material costs in industries such as the chemical and steel industries, or indirectly in the form of increased transportation costs. Sustained high energy prices could negatively impact these industries resulting in a corresponding adverse effect on customer demand for GATX’s assets, as well as related services.
GATX may not be able to procure insurance on a cost-effective basis.
GATX manages its exposure to risk, in part, by insuring its assets and their associated risks. There is no guarantee that such insurance will be consistently available on a cost-effective basis in the future. If the cost of insurance coverage becomes prohibitively expensive, GATX could be forced to reduce the amount of coverage and increase the amount of its self-insured risk retention.
The fair market value of GATX’s long-lived assets may differ from the value of those assets reflected in its financial statements.
GATX’s assets primarily consist of long-lived assets such as railcars, marine vessels and industrial equipment. The carrying value of these assets in the financial statements may at times differ from their fair market value. These valuation differences may be positive or negative and may be material based on market conditions and demand for certain assets.
Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates could have a negative impact on GATX’s results of operations.
GATX’s results are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as the financial results of certain subsidiaries are translated from their local currency into U.S. dollars upon consolidation. As exchange rates vary, the operating results of foreign subsidiaries, when translated, may differ materially from period to period. GATX is also subject to gains and losses on foreign currency transactions, which could vary based on fluctuations in exchange rates and the timing of the transactions and their settlement. In addition, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates can have an effect on the demand and relative price for services provided by GATX domestically and internationally, and could have a negative impact on GATX’s results of operations. GATX is also subject to risks associated with fluctuations in interest rates. The Company may seek to limit foreign exchange rate and interest rate risk through the use of currency or interest rate derivatives, but these measures may not be effective. A material and unexpected change in interest rates or foreign exchange rates could negatively affect GATX’s financial performance.
GATX is subject to the inherent risks of its affiliate investments.
GATX has investments in affiliated companies that are subject to many of the same risks discussed in this “Risk Factors” section, and GATX is indirectly exposed to these risks through its ownership interests in these affiliates. Many of these affiliates are managed and operated by third parties who may be smaller than GATX and have lesser financial resources. Adverse developments in the business or financial results of these affiliates, or the third parties who manage, operate, or invest along with GATX in these affiliates, could have a negative impact on GATX’s financial results. Additionally, where an affiliate is managed and operated by GATX’s partner in the affiliate or another third party, GATX may not have control over operational matters, which could result in actions taken at the affiliate level that may have an adverse economic impact on GATX or otherwise expose GATX to potential liability.
GATX has significant financial exposure related to the performance of its aircraft engine leasing affiliate investments.
GATX and Rolls-Royce each own 50% of fourteen domestic and foreign joint venture entities (collectively, the “RRPF Affiliates”) that own and lease aircraft engines to Rolls-Royce and other owners and operators of commercial aircraft. Through these investments, GATX is exposed to various risks associated with the commercial aviation industry, including geographic exposure and customer concentrations unique to that industry. Further, the financial results of the RRPF Affiliates are heavily dependent on the performance of Rolls-Royce, which is both a major customer of, and a critical supplier of maintenance services to, the RRPF Affiliates. The RRPF Affiliates are significant contributors to GATX’s consolidated segment profit. If the financial or operating performance of the RRPF Affiliates were to deteriorate, GATX’s results of operations and cash flows could be negatively affected.
GATX may be affected by climate change or market or regulatory responses to climate change.
Changes in laws, rules and regulations, or actions by authorities under existing laws, rules or regulations, to address greenhouse gas emissions and climate change could have a negative impact on the Company’s customers and business. For example, restrictions on emissions could significantly increase costs for GATX customers who produce energy or manufacture chemical or other products that require significant amounts of energy to produce. This, in turn, could reduce customer demand to lease the Company’s assets. New government regulations could also increase marine and other operating costs for GATX or its joint venture entities, or could require significant capital expenditures to comply. All or any of these potential consequences of climate change could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
A small number of shareholders could significantly influence GATX’s business and affairs.
Based on filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and other information available to the Company, seven shareholders collectively controlled approximately 50% of GATX’s outstanding common stock. Accordingly, a small number of shareholders could affect matters that require shareholder approval, such as the election of directors and the approval of significant business transactions.
GATX cannot predict with certainty the impact that inflation or deflation will have on its financial results.
Effects of inflation are unpredictable as to timing and duration and depend on market conditions and economic factors. Inflation in lease rates as well as inflation in residual values for rail, marine and other equipment has historically benefited GATX’s financial results. However, these benefits may be offset, in whole or in part, by increases in the costs for goods and services purchased by GATX, including salaries and wages, health care costs, supplies, utilities, and maintenance and repair services and materials, as well as increased financing costs. Significant increases in GATX’s cost of goods and services could adversely impact the Company’s financial performance. A period of prolonged deflation would have a negative impact on GATX from several perspectives, including lease rate pricing, residual values and asset remarketing opportunities. These negative impacts of deflation may be offset, in whole or in part, by decreases in the cost to GATX of goods and services, including those discussed herein.
Unfavorable conditions on the Great Lakes could impact normal business operations, which could result in increased costs and decreases in revenues.
The success of GATX’s ASC subsidiary is dependent upon its ability to operate efficiently on the Great Lakes. Disruptions at the Sault St. Marie locks or severe weather conditions, including, but not limited to, high wind and ice formation, could cause significant business interruptions or shortened sailing seasons. Additionally, low water levels and vessel draft restrictions in certain harbors or canals may restrict the volume that may be transported in ASC’s vessels on a per trip basis. These conditions could negatively impact GATX’s results of operations through increased operating costs or decreased revenues.
Many of GATX’s employees are represented by unions, and the failure to successfully negotiate collective bargaining agreements may result in strikes, work stoppages or substantially higher labor costs.
A significant portion of GATX’s employees are represented by labor unions and work under collective bargaining agreements that cover a range of workplace matters, including wages, health and welfare benefits, work rules and other issues. Historically, the Company and its unions have been generally successful in negotiating acceptable agreements without the occurrence of material work stoppages. However, if the Company is unable to negotiate acceptable new agreements, it could result in strikes by the affected workers, lockouts by the Company, or other forms of business disruption and increased operating costs due to higher wages or benefits paid to union workers, any of which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Changes to assumptions used to calculate post-retirement costs, increases in funding requirements and investment losses in pension funds could adversely affect GATX’s results of operations.
GATX’s pension and other post-retirement costs are dependent on various assumptions used to calculate such amounts, including discount rates, long-term return on plan assets, salary increases, health care cost trend rates and other factors. Changes to any of these assumptions could adversely affect GATX’s financial position and results of operations. Periods of low interest rates reduce the discount rate used to calculate GATX's funding obligations, which may increase GATX's funding requirements. Additionally, GATX could be required to increase contributions to its pension plans as a result of changes to laws, regulations or rules that increase funding requirements or to compensate for investment losses in pension plan assets. If GATX were forced to increase contributions to its pension plans, the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be negatively affected.
GATX’s effective tax rate could be adversely affected by changes in the mix of earnings in the U.S. and foreign countries.
GATX is subject to taxes in the United States and various foreign jurisdictions. As a result, GATX’s effective tax rate could be adversely affected by changes in the mix of earnings in the United States and foreign countries with differing statutory tax rates, legislative changes impacting statutory tax rates, including the impact on recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in tax laws or by material audit assessments.
United States and global economic and political conditions, including acts or threats of terrorism or war, could adversely affect GATX.
National and international political developments, instability and uncertainties, including political unrest and threats of terrorist attacks, could result in global economic weakness in the United States and in other countries where GATX operates, and could have an adverse impact on GATX. The effects may include: legislation or regulatory action directed toward improving the security of railcars and marine
vessels against acts of terrorism, which could affect the construction or operation of railcars and marine vessels; a decrease in demand for rail and marine services; lower utilization of new and existing rail and marine equipment; lower rail lease and marine charter rates; impairments of rail and marine assets or capital market disruption, which may raise GATX’s financing costs or limit its access to capital; and liability or losses resulting from acts of terrorism involving GATX’s assets. Depending upon the severity, scope and duration of these effects, the impact on GATX’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be material.
GATX’s business could be negatively impacted by security threats, including cybersecurity threats, and related disruptions.
GATX relies on its information technology (“IT”) infrastructure to process, transmit and store electronic information critical for the efficient operation of its business and day-to-day operations. All IT systems are potentially vulnerable to security threats, including hacking, viruses and other malicious software, and other unlawful attempts to disrupt or gain access to such systems. Breaches in GATX’s IT infrastructure could lead to a material disruption in its business, including the theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation or release of confidential data or other business information, and may have a material adverse effect on GATX’s operations, financial position and results of operations.
GATX’s internal control over financial accounting and reporting may not detect all errors or omissions in the financial statements.
If GATX fails to maintain adequate internal controls over financial accounting, the Company may not be able to ensure that GATX can conclude on an ongoing basis that it has effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related regulations. Although GATX’s management has concluded that adequate internal control procedures are in place, no system of internal control can provide absolute assurance that the financial statements are accurate and free of error. As a result, the risk exists that GATX’s internal control may not detect all errors or omissions in the financial statements.
Item 1B.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2.
Item 2. Properties
Information regarding the location and general character of certain properties of GATX is included in Item 1, “Business”, of this document.
Locations of operations are as follows:
GATX Headquarters
Chicago, Illinois
Railcar Leasing Operations
Business Offices
Major Service Centers
Fast Track Service Centers
American Steamship Company
San Francisco, California
Colton, California
East Chicago, Indiana
Williamsville, New York
Alpharetta, Georgia
Waycross, Georgia
Terre Haute, Indiana
Toledo, Ohio
Chicago, Illinois
Hearne, Texas
Kansas City, Kansas
Paducah, Kentucky
Red Deer, Alberta
Portfolio Management
Savage, Minnesota
Montreal, Quebec
Mobile Service Units
San Francisco, California
Bozeman, Montana
Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan
Mobile, Alabama
Morrill, Nebraska
Hannover, Germany
Tampa, Florida
Hackensack, New Jersey
Ostróda, Poland
Gray, Georgia
Holicong, Pennsylvania
Hammond, Indiana
Doylestown, Pennsylvania
Field Repair Centers
Sioux City, Iowa
Monroeville, Pennsylvania
Plantersville, Texas
Donaldsonville, Louisiana
Houston, Texas
Sarnia, Ontario
Camp Minden, Louisiana
Calgary, Alberta
Lake Charles, Louisiana
Mississauga, Ontario
Customer Site Locations
Morris, Kansas
Montreal, Quebec
Donaldsonville, Louisiana
Columbia, New Jersey
Mexico City, Mexico
Geismar, Louisiana
Copperhill, Tennessee
Vienna, Austria
Cincinnati, Ohio
Galena Park, Texas
Düsseldorf, Germany
Catoosa, Oklahoma
Olympia, Washington
Leipzig, Germany
Freeport, Texas
Edmonton, Alberta
Hamburg, Germany
Yazoo City, Mississippi
Red Deer, Alberta
Warsaw, Poland
Płock, Poland
Clarkson, Ontario
New Delhi, India
Sarnia, Ontario
Moscow, Russia
Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan
Montreal, Quebec
Quebec City, Quebec
Item 3.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Information concerning litigation and other contingencies is described under “Legal Proceedings and Other Contingencies” in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
GATX common stock is listed on the New York and Chicago Stock Exchanges under ticker symbol GMT. The approximate number of common shareholders of record as of January 31, 2013, was 2,300. The following table shows the reported high and low sales price of GATX common shares and the dividends declared per share:
For information pertaining to issuable securities under equity compensation plans and the related weighted average exercise price, see Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements and Item 12, “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.” For information regarding restricted net assets, see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.
GATX Common Stock Performance Graph
The following GATX Common Stock Performance Graph (the “Performance Graph”) and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.
The following Performance Graph sets forth a comparison of the cumulative total shareholder return of the Company’s common stock for the five-year period ending December 31, 2012, with the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Stock Price Index (“S&P 500”), the Standard & Poor’s MidCap 400 Index (“MidCap 400”) and Russell 3000 Index for the same period. The Company is not aware of any peer companies whose businesses are directly comparable to that of GATX and, therefore, the graph below displays the returns of the MidCap 400 and Russell 3000, both of which are comprised of companies with market capitalizations similar to GATX. The Performance Graph assumes $100 was invested in GATX common stock and each of the indices on December 31, 2007, and all dividends were reinvested.
Item 6.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following financial information has been derived from GATX’s audited consolidated financial statements. This information should be read in conjunction with "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere herein.
__________
(*) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures included in Item 7.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
OVERVIEW
Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, GATX Corporation (“GATX” or the “Company”) leases, operates, manages and remarkets long-lived, widely-used assets, primarily in the rail and marine markets. GATX also invests in joint ventures that complement existing business activities. In 2012, the Company modified the composition of its reportable segments to reflect an increasing focus on international growth and related changes in its management structure. As a result, the Company now reports financial results through four primary business segments: Rail North America, Rail International, American Steamship Company (“ASC”) and Portfolio Management. All segment information is presented on this basis. General information and characteristics of GATX, including reporting segments, is included in Item 1, “Business”, of this document.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included herein. This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is based on financial data derived from the financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and certain other financial data that is prepared using non-GAAP components. For a reconciliation of these non-GAAP components to the most comparable GAAP components, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” at the end of this Item.
DISCUSSION OF OPERATING RESULTS
The following table presents a summary of GATX’s reporting segments and consolidated financial results (in millions, except per share data):
2012 Summary
•
Net income for 2012 was $137.3 million, or $2.88 per diluted share, compared to $110.8 million, or $2.35 per diluted share, for 2011 and $80.8 million or $1.72 per diluted share for 2010. Results for 2012, 2011 and 2010 included Tax Adjustments and Other Items of $3.5 million, $15.8 million and $6.2 million, respectively. (See Non-GAAP Financial Measures for further details). Excluding the impact of these items, net income in 2012 was $133.8 million, an increase of 40.8%, or $38.8 million, from 2011; and net income in 2011 was $95.0 million, an increase of 27.3% or 20.4 million, from 2010. The increase in 2012 was primarily driven by higher Rail North America lease rates, increased asset remarketing income and lower Rail North America maintenance costs due to fewer service events resulting from high lease renewal success. The increase in 2011 was primarily driven by higher Rail North America lease income, higher asset remarketing income and higher scrapping gains, partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses.
•
Total investment volume was $770.0 million in 2012, compared to $614.6 million in 2011 and $585.1 million in 2010.
Segment Operations
Segment profit is an internal performance measure used by the Chief Executive Officer to assess the performance of each segment in a given period. Segment profit includes all revenues, pre-tax earnings from affiliates and net gains on asset dispositions that are attributable to the segments as well as expenses that management believes are directly associated with the financing, maintenance and operation of the revenue earning assets. Segment profit excludes selling, general and administrative expenses, income taxes and certain other amounts not allocated to the segments. These amounts are included in Other.
GATX allocates debt balances and related interest expense to each segment based upon a pre-determined fixed recourse leverage level expressed as a ratio of recourse debt (including off balance sheet debt) to equity. The leverage levels for Rail North America, Rail International, ASC and Portfolio Management are set at 5:1, 2:1, 1.5:1 and 3:1, respectively. Management believes that by utilizing this leverage and interest expense allocation methodology, each operating segment’s financial performance reflects appropriate risk-adjusted borrowing costs.
RAIL NORTH AMERICA
Segment Summary
Rail North America continued to experience improved demand for tank cars, which led to improved lease rate pricing and lengthening of lease terms. The weighted average lease renewal rate on cars in the GATX Lease Price Index (the “LPI”, see definition below) increased 25.6% from the weighted average expiring lease rate, compared to an increase of 6.9% in 2011 and a decrease of 15.8% in 2010. Lease terms on renewals for cars in the LPI averaged 60 months in 2012, compared to 45 months in 2011 and 35 months in 2010. During 2012, an average of 107,255 railcars were on lease compared to 107,320 in 2011. Utilization was 97.9% at the end of 2012, compared to 98.2% at the end of 2011. In 2013, leases for approximately 20,500 railcars will expire, of which approximately 3,500 have already been renewed. In general, GATX expects strong renewal success at higher lease rates, particularly for tank cars. However, cars that serve the coal and grain markets, of which approximately 3,800 have leases expiring in 2013, are presently experiencing weak demand and these cars will be difficult to re-lease at existing terms and rates. Rail North America also anticipates a material increase in maintenance expense in 2013 and 2014 due to the number of tank cars that are scheduled to undergo required regulatory maintenance.
GATX continues to pursue prudent investment opportunities in North America. In 2011, GATX entered into a purchase agreement for 12,500 railcars to be delivered in North America ratably over five years, the largest such commitment in GATX’s history. In 2013, Rail North America expects to take delivery of approximately 2,750 new railcars. In addition, Rail North America expects to add other selected assets to its fleet, although rising asset prices may impact the level of investment spending.
Rail North America’s segment results are summarized below (in millions):
Components of Rail North America lease income for the years ended December 31 are outlined below (in millions):
Lease Price Index
The GATX Lease Price Index is an internally generated business indicator that measures general lease rate pricing on renewals within the Rail’s North America fleet. The index reflects the weighted average lease rate for a select group of railcar types that Rail North America believes to be representative of its overall fleet. The LPI measures the percentage change between the weighted average renewal lease rate and the weighted average expiring lease rate. Average renewal term reflects the weighted average renewal lease term in months.
Rail North America Fleet Data
The following table summarizes fleet activity for Rail North America railcars for the years indicated:
The following table summarizes fleet activity for Rail North America locomotives for the years indicated:
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2012 to Year Ended December 31, 2011
Segment Profit
Rail North America's segment profit was $209.3 million in 2012 compared to $172.7 million in 2011. The 2011 results included $5.5 million of income related to a leveraged lease adjustment attributable to changes in the timing of the taxable income associated with a leveraged lease structure upon settlement of an IRS audit. Excluding the effect of this item, segment profit increased $42.1 million, primarily due to higher lease income and gains on asset dispositions combined with lower maintenance expense.
Revenues
Lease income increased $23.0 million, primarily due to higher lease rates in the current year, as the average number of cars on lease approximated the prior year. Partially offsetting the increase was the absence of the aforementioned leveraged lease adjustment.
Expenses
Maintenance expense decreased $4.7 million, primarily due to fewer service events resulting from high lease renewal success. Depreciation increased $5.2 million, primarily due to investment activity. Operating lease expense decreased $4.4 million, primarily due to the expiration of leases in the prior year for which the underlying railcars were re-acquired.
Other Income (Expense)
Net gain on asset dispositions increased $6.5 million, primarily due to an $11.1 million fee received on the early termination of a residual value guarantee, partially offset by lower scrapping gains due to fewer railcars scrapped at lower scrap rates. Share of Affiliates’ earnings increased $2.6 million, primarily due to asset remarketing gains at the Adler affiliate in 2012.
Investment Volume
During 2012, Rail North America acquired approximately 4,660 railcars compared to 2,650 railcars in 2011.
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2011 to Year Ended December 31, 2010
Segment Profit
Rail North America's segment profit was $172.7 million in 2011 compared to $120.1 million in 2010. The 2011 results included $5.5 million of income related to the leveraged lease adjustment. Excluding the effect of this item, segment profit increased $47.1 million, primarily due to higher lease income and gains on asset dispositions combined with lower expenses.
Revenues
Lease income increased $19.4 million in 2011, of which $5.5 million related to the aforementioned leveraged lease adjustment. The remaining variance was primarily due to an average of approximately 1,800 more railcars on lease in 2011. Other income increased $3.0 million, primarily due to higher revenue from third party and customer liability repairs, partially offset by the absence of income from an end-of-lease settlement received in 2010.
Expenses
Maintenance expense in 2011 approximated the prior year as higher costs from railcar conversion programs and locomotive maintenance were substantially offset by lower costs at the Company’s owned service facilities. Depreciation increased $3.9 million in 2011, primarily due to investment activity. Operating lease expense decreased $8.2 million, primarily due to leases that expired in 2011 for which the underlying railcars were re-acquired. Other operating expense decreased $5.4 million, primarily due to lower storage and switching fees resulting from the increase in cars on lease.
Other Income (Expense)
Net gain on asset dispositions increased $22.5 million, primarily due to sales of approximately 450 more railcars in 2011, higher scrapping gains as a result of more railcars scrapped at higher scrap steel rates, and lower asset impairment charges. In 2010, a $4.8 million charge was recorded due to an Association of American Railroads industry-wide regulatory mandate that resulted in a significant decrease to the expected economic life of 358 aluminum hopper railcars. Interest expense decreased $2.1 million, primarily due to lower interest rates, partially offset by higher debt balances. Share of affiliates’ earnings decreased $3.3 million, primarily due to an asset remarketing gain at an affiliate that occurred in 2010.
Investment Volume
During 2011, Rail North America acquired approximately 2,650 railcars compared to 5,300 railcars in 2010.
RAIL INTERNATIONAL
Segment Summary
Rail Europe's wholly-owned tank car fleet exhibited increases in both lease pricing and railcars on lease in 2012, reflective of strong market demand. During 2012, there was an average of 20,461 railcars on lease compared to 19,834 in 2011. Utilization was 95.1% at the end of 2012, compared to 97.1% at the end of 2011. AAE, which serves the European freight railcar markets, experienced modest improvement in its markets and its fleet utilization was stable. Rail Europe has commitments to acquire 1,500 newly manufactured railcars to be delivered in 2013 and 2014 (including cars assembled by Rail Europe).
Rail India commenced operations in 2012, taking delivery of 46 newly manufactured railcars in December, which have been placed on lease with a customer commencing in 2013.
Rail International’s segment results are summarized below (in millions):
The following table summarizes fleet activity for Rail International railcars for the years indicated:
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2012 to Year Ended December 31, 2011
Segment Profit
Rail International's segment profit was $32.7 million in 2012 compared to $60.7 million in 2011. The 2012 results included losses of $22.9 million related to certain interest rate swaps at AAE compared to gains of $0.3 million in 2011. Segment profit in 2011 also included $3.2 million from the favorable resolution of a litigation matter. Excluding the effect of these items from each period, Rail International's segment profit decreased $1.6 million, primarily due to the unfavorable foreign exchange impact of a stronger U.S. dollar during 2012 and the unfavorable remeasurement of an embedded foreign currency derivative, partially offset by lower maintenance expense and higher operating income at AAE.
AAE holds multiple interest rate swaps intended to hedge interest rate risk associated with existing and forecasted floating rate debt issuances. Some of these swaps do not qualify for hedge accounting and as a result, changes in their fair values are recognized currently in income. Unrealized gains and losses resulting from these changes are primarily driven by changes in the underlying benchmark interest rates. AAE’s earnings may be impacted by future gains or losses associated with these swaps. Unrealized losses in 2012 were $9.4 million and unrealized gains in 2011 were $0.3 million. Additionally, in 2012, AAE refinanced a portion of its debt and terminated an associated swap at a loss. GATX’s portion of the loss was $13.5 million, which was included in share of affiliates’ earnings.
Revenues
Lease income increased $0.7 million, primarily due to an average of approximately 630 more railcars on lease at higher lease rates, substantially offset by the foreign exchange rate effects of a stronger U.S. dollar. Other income decreased $1.3 million, primarily due to lower revenue from customer liability repairs.
Expenses
Maintenance expense decreased $5.5 million, primarily due to the foreign exchange effects of a stronger U.S. dollar. Depreciation increased $2.5 million, primarily due to investment activity, including capitalized wheelsets in Europe, partially offset by the foreign exchange effects of a stronger U.S. dollar.
Other Income (Expense)
Net gain on asset dispositions increased $1.7 million, primarily due to higher scrapping gains as a result of more railcars and wheelsets being scrapped. Interest expense decreased $0.9 million, as interest income on cash deposits more than offset the effect of higher expenses from increased debt levels. Other expense increased $13.3 million of which $3.2 million was due to the favorable resolution of a litigation matter in Europe in 2011. The remaining variance was primarily due to the unfavorable remeasurement of an embedded foreign currency derivative (related to certain non-functional currency lease contracts) and higher legal defense costs. Excluding the impact of the interest rate swaps at AAE from each period, affiliates’ earnings increased $4.4 million, primarily due to higher operating income at AAE, which included lower depreciation expense of $6.2 million due to a change in railcar depreciation policy enacted in 2012 that extended depreciable lives and increased estimated salvage values.
Investment Volume
During 2012, Rail International acquired 1,580 railcars compared to 840 railcars in 2011.
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2011 to Year Ended December 31, 2010
Segment Profit
Rail International's segment profit was $60.7 million in 2011, an increase of $30.2 million from 2010. The 2011 results include unrealized gains of $0.3 million representing the change in the fair value of the AAE interest rate swaps and $3.2 million from the favorable resolution of a litigation matter. The 2010 results included unrealized losses of $10.4 million related to the AAE interest rate swaps. Excluding these items from each period, segment profit increased $16.3 million, primarily due to higher lease income, the favorable foreign exchange impact of a weaker average U.S. dollar in 2011 and the favorable remeasurement of an embedded foreign currency derivative.
Revenues
Lease income increased $18.7 million, primarily due to an average of approximately 585 more railcars on lease, higher lease rates, and the foreign exchange rate effects of a weaker U.S. dollar. Other income increased $2.1 million, primarily due to higher revenue from compensation for damaged railcars.
Expenses
Maintenance expense increased $2.3 million, primarily due to higher volumes of underframe and tank revisions, partially offset by lower current repairs and a fewer number of wheelsets expensed. Depreciation increased $3.4 million, primarily due to investment activity, including capitalized wheelsets. Other operating expense decreased $0.9 million, primarily due to lower storage and miscellaneous operating costs.
Other Income (Expense)
Net gain on asset dispositions increased $0.6 million, primarily due to gain on sale of locomotives in 2011. Interest expense increased $2.1 million, primarily due to higher debt balances resulting from investment activity. Other expense decreased $9.2 million, primarily due to the favorable settlement of a litigation matter in 2011, the favorable fair value adjustment of an embedded foreign currency derivative in 2011, and net remeasurement gains on non-functional currency assets and liabilities in 2011 compared to net losses in 2010. Excluding the impact of the interest rate swaps at AAE from each period, affiliates’ earnings decreased $4.2 million, primarily due to a 2011 charge related to a bankrupt customer and the absence of a favorable maintenance reserve adjustment in 2010, both at AAE.
Investment Volume
During 2011, Rail International acquired 840 railcars compared to 650 railcars in 2010.
International Railcar Regulatory Matters
Consistent with changes in European railcar industry practices and regulatory directives announced after the 2009 accident in the city of Viareggio, Italy, GATX Rail Austria GmbH (an indirect subsidiary of the Company, “GATX Rail Austria”) and its subsidiaries have implemented a modified wheelset maintenance and inspection program, which includes the installation of new wheelsets in certain cases. Future industry actions and regulatory directives may require further modifications of the maintenance and inspection practices of GATX Rail Austria and its subsidiaries. GATX Rail Austria and its subsidiaries will continue to incur higher maintenance expenses and capital costs over the next several years as implementation of the wheelset program continues. It is expected that the wheelset maintenance and inspection program will lead to higher future depreciation expense, but lower maintenance costs. The complete scope and cost of any potential future maintenance initiatives, in addition to those implemented as part of the modified wheelset maintenance and inspection program, are not fully known at this time. The Company does not currently expect that the costs associated with the modified wheelset maintenance and inspection program and other potential initiatives will be material to the Company's financial position, liquidity or results of operations.
ASC
Segment Summary
Demand for ASC’s services remained strong throughout 2012, driven by the continued recovery in steel manufacturing and the associated demand for iron ore. In mid-2011, a work stoppage resulting from a strike by the licensed crew members represented by the American Maritime Officers (AMO) union resulted in lost tonnage and incremental expenses for vessel lay-up and non-productive labor costs. In late 2011, ASC executed a new five-year collective bargaining agreement with the AMO that was ratified by the workers in early 2012. ASC carried a total of 29.7 million net tons of freight and deployed 14 vessels in 2012 compared to 28.4 million net tons and 14 vessels in 2011. Shipping volumes are expected to decrease slightly in 2013. Additionally, record low water levels on the Great Lakes may negatively impact ASC's operations.
ASC’s segment results are summarized below (in millions):
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2012, to Year Ended December 31, 2011
Segment Profit
ASC's segment profit for 2012 was $10.2 million higher primarily due to higher iron ore freight volumes and rates, and the absence of the negative impacts of the labor work stoppage in the prior year.
Revenues
Marine operating revenue increased $26.9 million primarily due to higher freight volumes, particularly iron ore, as well as higher freight rates and fuel surcharges. In accordance with certain contract provisions, ASC is able to recover a large portion of fuel cost increases from its customers.
Expenses
Maintenance expense increased $2.3 million, primarily due to higher repairs on several vessels. Marine operating expenses were $8.6 million higher than the prior year. Higher fuel and wage costs in 2012, primarily due to more vessels operating, were substantially offset by the absence of costs related to the labor work stoppage in the prior year. Operating lease expense in 2012 relates to the inception of the lease for ASC's new tug-barge vessel.
Other Income (Expense)
In 2011, a gain of $1.1 million was recognized upon the return of a vessel at the end of its lease term. Interest expense was lower due to lower rates and the absence of interest on the expired capital lease. Other expenses in the current year primarily consisted of reserves and settlements for ongoing asbestos-related litigation matters.
Investment Volume
ASC's investments for each year primarily consisted of structural and mechanical upgrades to its vessels.
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2011, to Year Ended December 31, 2010
Segment Profit
ASC’s segment profit for 2011 was $1.3 million lower than the prior year, primarily due to higher maintenance costs as well as incremental expenses related to the aforementioned work stoppage. ASC operated 14 vessels during 2011 compared to 13 vessels during 2010.
Revenues
Marine operating revenues increased $26.9 million in 2011 due to a combination of higher freight rates, a favorable mix of freight volume and higher fuel surcharges, which offset higher fuel costs. While total net tons carried in 2011 of 28.4 million represented a slight increase of 0.4 million, or 1.4%, from 2010, volume of iron ore, a higher margin commodity, increased 2.4 million net tons.
Expenses
Maintenance expense was $6.5 million higher than the prior year, primarily due to more extensive winter work and more vessels operating. Marine operating expenses increased $22.6 million, primarily due to increased fuel costs, which are recoverable through fuel surcharges, higher operating costs due to more vessels operating and expenses related to the aforementioned work stoppage.
Other Income (Expense)
In 2011, a gain of $1.1 million was recognized upon the return of a vessel at the end of its lease term. Interest expense was lower due to lower rates and lower capital lease interest.
ASC Regulatory Issues
On December 8, 2011, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) published for comment a new draft Vessel General Permit (“VGP”) under the Clean Water Act (“CWA”) that would establish numeric effluent limits for the discharge of living organisms in ballast water for certain commercial vessels. The limits are based on the International Maritime Organization standard. This draft VGP will replace the current VGP issued in December 2008 that will expire on December 19, 2013. The completed draft VGP is under review by the Congressional Office of Management and Budget and the EPA has stated that it intends to publish the final VGP by March 15, 2013, with an effective date of December 19, 2013.
Once approved, the new VGP will not impose numeric treatment limits for ballast water discharges on existing Great Lakes bulk carrier vessels built before January 1, 2009, that operate exclusively in the Great Lakes upstream of the Welland Canal (the “Exempt Vessels”), essentially exempting all but one of ASC's vessels. However, the new VGP imposes best management practices for the management of ballast water discharges for Exempt Vessels that are substantially similar to those in the current VGP. The new VGP will include revised state specific ballast water treatment standards as allowed by the Section 401 certification process of the CWA.
The EPA has proposed a staggered implementation schedule for non-Exempt Vessels to achieve the treatment limits of the new VGP. Non-Exempt Vessels must meet the standards at the time of their first drydocking after January 1, 2014, or January 1, 2016, (depending upon vessel size). New vessels constructed after January 1, 2012, that are subject to the treatment limits, must meet those limits upon entering waters of the United States following the effective date of the new VGP.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
Segment Summary
Portfolio Management focuses on maximizing the value of its existing portfolio of wholly-owned and managed assets, including identifying opportunities to remarket certain assets. Portfolio Management also seeks to maximize value from its joint ventures and to selectively invest in domestic marine and container related assets.
Portfolio Management's segment profit was significantly impacted by the contribution of the Rolls-Royce & Partners Finance companies. The Rolls-Royce & Partners Finance companies (collectively the “RRPF Affiliates”) are a collection of fourteen 50%-owned domestic and foreign joint ventures with Rolls-Royce plc (or affiliates thereof, collectively “Rolls-Royce”), a leading manufacturer of commercial aircraft jet engines. Segment profit includes earnings from the RRPF Affiliates of $44.8 million, $38.6 million and $31.1 million for 2012, 2011 and 2010 respectively. While the RRPF Affiliates are expected to continue to produce strong operating results and gains from engine sales, marine operations will likely continue to be negatively impacted by inconsistent demand and vessel overcapacity in the international shipping markets, further pressuring charter rates. These conditions are expected to affect both wholly-owned and affiliate vessels.
In 2012, GATX's gas compression equipment leasing affiliate, Enerven Compression, LLC, sold substantially all of its assets and is in the process of liquidation. In connection with this disposition, GATX recognized an impairment loss of $14.8 million, which is reflected in share of affiliates' earnings. In 2011, GATX's Clipper Fourth affiliates were dissolved. In connection with the dissolutions, GATX contributed $62.1 million, representing its share of the affiliates' outstanding debt, took ownership of six chemical parcel tankers with an aggregate net book value of $88.8 million and recognized an impairment loss of $5.2 million, which is reflected in share of affiliates' earnings.
Portfolio Management's total asset base was $797.4 million at December 31, 2012 compared to $846.6 million at December 31, 2011, and $744.4 million at December 31, 2010. The estimated net book value equivalent of assets managed by Portfolio Management for third parties was $143.2 million at December 31, 2012.
Portfolio Management’s segment results are summarized below (in millions):
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2012, to Year Ended December 31, 2011
Segment Profit
Portfolio Management's segment profit of $50.2 million was $2.6 million higher than the prior year. The increase was primarily due to higher net gains on asset dispositions, higher earnings from the RRPF Affiliates and lower operating costs, partially offset by the impairment loss at the Enerven affiliate.
Revenues
Lease income was $6.9 million lower than the prior year, primarily due to the sale of barges and other equipment. Marine operating revenue was $8.6 million higher than prior year, primarily due to a full year of income from the six vessels received from the former Clipper Fourth affiliates late in 2011. Other income was $0.8 million higher than prior year, primarily due to interest income from new loans.
Expenses
Marine operating expense increased $8.2 million and depreciation expense increased $2.6 million, both primarily due to a full year of expense for the six vessels. Operating lease expense decreased $1.2 million, primarily due to the sale of barges at the end of the prior year and the early termination of a lease in the current year. Other operating expense decreased $3.4 million, primarily due to a $2.6 million decrease in other operating costs for owned and pooled barges and higher reversals of provisions for losses, which were $1.2 million in 2012 and $0.4 million in 2011. In 2012, a reversal was recorded upon the sale of a non-performing leveraged lease investment.
Other Income (Expense)
Net gains on asset dispositions increased $6.6 million, primarily due to a $5.3 million residual sharing fee from a sale in the managed portfolio and lower asset impairment charges, partially offset by a $2.1 million decrease in gains on the sale of owned equipment. Impairment charges in 2011 were primarily related to further impairments of a corporate aircraft on lease and a helicopter held for sale. Interest expense decreased $1.9 million, primarily due to lower rates.
Share of affiliates' earnings was $2.8 million lower than the prior year. The variance was significantly impacted by impairment losses and remarketing gains in each year. Earnings in 2012 included impairments and operating losses from the Enerven affiliate of $18.9 million and earnings of $44.8 million from the RRPF Affiliates, including $16.7 million of asset remarketing income. Earnings in 2011 included operating and impairment losses from the Clipper Fourth affiliates of $8.5 million, operating losses from the Enerven affiliate of $3.2 million and earnings from the RRPF Affiliates of $38.6 million, including $9.7 million of asset remarketing income.
Investment Volume
Investment volume in 2012 primarily consisted of $37.0 million in barges and other marine equipment, $29.7 million of investments in affiliates, and $14.9 million in container assets. Investment volume in 2011 primarily consisted of $113.4 million of investments in affiliates, $31.9 million in senior secured loans and $26.0 million in barges. The 2011 affiliate investments included $62.1 million related to the wind-up and dissolution of the Clipper Fourth affiliates and $20.4 million related to investments in container assets.
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2011, to Year Ended December 31, 2010
Segment Profit
Portfolio Management's segment profit of $47.6 million in 2011 was $1.1 million lower than 2010. The decrease was primarily due to higher asset impairment charges and operating expenses in 2011, partially offset by higher asset remarketing income.
Revenues
Lease income was $1.5 million higher than 2010, primarily due to income from new leases. Marine operating revenue was $4.7 million higher than 2010, primarily due to income from six vessels acquired from an affiliate late in 2011. Other income was $1.0 million higher than 2010, primarily due to interest income from new loans.
Expenses
Marine operating expense increased $5.0 million and depreciation expense increased $1.6 million from 2010, primarily due to expense from the six acquired vessels. Other operating expense increased $3.0 million, primarily due to a $1.7 million increase in other operating costs for owned and pooled barges.
Other Income (Expense)
Net gain on asset dispositions increased $0.5 million, primarily due to a $5.6 million increase in disposition gains on the sale of barges and other equipment in 2011, partially offset by lower residual sharing fees on sales in the managed portfolio, which were $4.4 million in 2011 and $7.6 million in 2010, and higher asset impairment charges. Impairment charges in 2010 were primarily related to the impairment of a corporate aircraft on lease. Charges in 2011 were primarily related to a impairment of the helicopter held for sale, as well as impairments of the corporate aircraft and an investment fund. Interest expense was $1.4 million higher than 2010, primarily due to higher average debt balances offset by lower rates. Other income was $2.9 million higher than 2010, primarily due to gains on the sale of securities and investment fund gains in 2011.
Share of affiliates' earnings decreased $0.7 million from 2010, primarily due to impairment losses in 2011 at the Clipper Fourth affiliates and lower earnings from the Clipper Third affiliate resulting from the sales of vessels in each year, partially offset by increased earnings from the RRPF Affiliates. In 2011, the RRPF Affiliates contributed earnings of $38.6 million, including $9.7 million of asset remarketing income, compared to $31.1 million of earnings in 2010, including $3.9 million of asset remarketing income.
OTHER
Other is comprised of selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”), unallocated interest expense and miscellaneous income and expense not directly associated with the reporting segments and eliminations.
Components of Other are outlined below (in millions):
SG&A, Unallocated Interest and Other
In 2012, SG&A of $160.2 million increased $4.9 million, or 3.2%, from 2011. The increase was primarily due to higher compensation and post-employment benefits expenses offset by lower outside services expenses. In 2011, SG&A of $155.3 million increased $20.5 million, or 15.2%, from 2010. The increase was driven by higher compensation expenses, IT expenditures and outside services spending. The increases in compensation expense in 2011 through 2012 were largely attributable to a gradual return to prior staffing levels and historical compensation practices.
Unallocated interest expense (the difference between external interest expense and amounts allocated to the reporting segments in accordance with assigned leverage targets) in any year is affected by the Company’s consolidated leverage position as well as the timing of debt issuances and segment investments.
Other expense was immaterial for 2012 and 2011. Other expense in 2010 primarily reflected a $6.5 million benefit from the resolution of a litigation matter and a $1.7 million recovery on a previously impaired money market fund investment, partially offset by a $2.0 million addition to an environmental liability related to a sold facility. Eliminations were immaterial for all periods presented.
Consolidated Income Taxes
In 2012, GATX's effective tax rate was 18.2% compared to 27.1% in 2011 and 11.8% in 2010. The current year included $15.5 million of previously unrecognized tax benefits resulting from the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations. Additionally, the 2012 tax provision reflected the benefit of the utilization of $13.7 million in foreign tax credits offset by $6.3 million of tax expenses associated with the incremental taxable income and withholding taxes on foreign dividends repatriated during the year. In 2011, a $4.8 million benefit was recognized attributable to the reversal of accruals associated with the close of a domestic tax audit. 2010 included a $9.5 million benefit attributable to the reversal of accruals resulting from the close of certain domestic and foreign tax audits. Excluding the impact of the tax adjustments noted herein, GATX's effective tax rate was 34.1% in 2012, 31.5% in 2011 and 28.0% in 2010. The difference in effective tax rates was driven by the mix of domestic and foreign earnings, which are taxed at lower rates.
Separately, income taxes for GATX's affiliates in 2012, 2011 and 2010 were $2.0 million, $8.2 million and $9.6 million, respectively. These amounts were favorably impacted by deferred tax benefits of $4.6 million, $4.1 million and $1.9 million for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, associated with income tax rate reductions enacted in the United Kingdom.
See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on income taxes.
BALANCE SHEET DISCUSSION
Assets
Assets were $6.1 billion at December 31, 2012, compared to $5.9 billion at December 31, 2011. In addition to assets recorded on its balance sheet, GATX utilized approximately $0.9 billion of off balance sheet assets, primarily railcars that were financed with operating
leases and therefore were not recorded on the balance sheet. The off balance sheet assets represent the estimated present value of GATX’s committed future operating lease payments.
The following table presents assets by segment as of December 31 (in millions):
Gross Receivables
Receivables of $361.3 million at December 31, 2012, decreased $80.7 million from December 31, 2011, primarily due to the sale of leveraged lease investments in 2012.
Allowance for Losses
The purpose of the allowance is to provide an estimate of credit losses inherent in reservable assets. Reservable assets are divided into two categories: rent and other receivables, which represent short-term trade billings, and loans and finance lease receivables. Reserves for rent and other receivables are based on historical loss experience and judgments about the impact of present economic conditions, collateral values, and the state of the markets in which GATX operates. In addition, GATX may establish specific reserves for known troubled accounts. Reserve estimates for loans and finance lease receivables are generally evaluated on a customer specific basis, considering the same factors as rent and other receivables as well as a regular assessment of each customer’s specific credit situation. Amounts are charged against the allowance when they are deemed to be uncollectible. There were no material changes in estimation methods or assumptions for the allowance during 2012. GATX believes that the allowance is adequate to cover losses inherent in its reservable assets as of December 31, 2012. Since the allowance is based on judgments and estimates, actual losses incurred may differ from the estimate.
As of December 31, 2012, general allowances for trade receivables were $3.4 million, or 3.9% of rent and other receivables, compared to $2.8 million, or 3.7%, at December 31, 2011. Specific allowances for finance leases were $1.2 million at December 31, 2012, compared to $9.0 million at December 31, 2011. The decrease in specific allowances was primarily related to the sale of a non-performing leveraged lease investment.
The following summarizes changes in GATX’s allowance for losses as of December 31 (in millions):
Operating Assets and Facilities
Net operating assets and facilities increased $295.1 million from 2011. The increase was primarily due to new investments of $709.8 million and foreign exchange rate effects of $34.8 million, partially offset by depreciation expense of $242.0 million, dispositions of $127.4 million and sale-leasebacks of $79.4 million.
Investments in Affiliated Companies
Investments in affiliated companies decreased $11.8 million in 2012, primarily due to dividend and capital distributions of $65.7 million, partially offset by new investments of $29.7 million, and equity earnings of $21.6 million.
The following table shows GATX’s investment in affiliated companies by segment as of December 31 (in millions):
See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information about investments in affiliated companies.
Goodwill
In 2012 and 2011, changes in the balance of GATX’s goodwill, all of which is attributable to the Rail North America and Rail International segments, resulted solely from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. GATX tested its goodwill for impairment in the fourth quarter of 2012 and no impairment was indicated.
Debt
Total debt increased $20.8 million from the prior year, primarily due to long-term debt issuances of $448.8 million and net borrowings of $243.3 million from commercial paper and bank credit facilities, partially offset by scheduled maturities and principal payments of $671.2 million.
The following table sets forth the details of GATX’s long-term debt issuances in 2012 ($ in millions):
________
(a)
Reflects interest rate at December 31, 2012
The following table summarizes the carrying value of GATX’s debt by major component, including off balance sheet debt, as of December 31, 2012 (in millions):
________
(a) Off balance sheet debt represents the estimated present value of committed operating lease payments and is equal to the amount reported as off balance sheet assets.
Equity
Total equity increased $116.9 million from the prior year, primarily due to $137.3 million of net income, $14.1 million from the effects of share based compensation, $11.7 million of unrealized gains on derivatives and $25.0 million of foreign currency translation adjustments due to the balance sheet effects of a weaker U.S. dollar, partially offset by $59.1 million of dividends, and $12.4 million from the effect of post-retirement benefit plan adjustments.
CASH FLOW DISCUSSION
GATX generates a significant amount of cash from its operating activities and proceeds from its investment portfolio, which is used to service debt, fund portfolio investments and capital additions, and pay dividends. Cash flows from operations and portfolio proceeds are impacted by changes in working capital and the timing of asset dispositions. As a result, cash flow components may vary materially from quarter to quarter and year to year. As of December 31, 2012, GATX had unrestricted cash balances of $234.2 million.
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities of $370.2 million increased $63.4 million compared to 2011. The increase was primarily driven by higher Rail North America lease income, ASC segment profit and dividends from affiliates, as well as changes in working capital.
Portfolio Investments and Capital Additions
Portfolio investments and capital additions primarily consist of purchases of operating assets, investments in joint ventures, loans and capitalized asset improvements. Portfolio investments and capital additions of $770.0 million increased $155.4 million compared to 2011. The increase was primarily driven by significantly higher railcar investments. The timing of investments is dependent on purchase commitments, transaction opportunities and market conditions.
The following table presents portfolio investments and capital additions by segment for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
Portfolio Proceeds
Portfolio proceeds primarily consist of loan and finance lease receipts, proceeds from sales of operating assets and sales of securities, and capital distributions from affiliates. The increase in proceeds from sales of operating assets in 2012 compared to 2011 was primarily due to sales of leveraged lease investments and increased sales of North American railcars and locomotives. The increase in capital distributions from affiliates in 2012 compared to 2011 was primarily due to the sale of affiliate vessels and railcars.
Portfolio proceeds were as follows for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
Other Investing Activity
Proceeds from sales of other assets for all periods primarily related to the scrapping of railcars. In 2012 and 2010, Rail North America completed sale-leasebacks for 1,062 and 947 railcars, respectively. In 2012, 2011 and 2010, Rail North America acquired 47, 2,721 and 292 railcars, respectively, that were previously leased-in. Other investing activity in 2010 consisted of recoveries from a money market fund investment that became illiquid in 2008.
GATX’s restricted cash primarily includes contractually required amounts maintained for six wholly-owned bankruptcy-remote, special-purpose corporations ("SPCs") and prior to 2012, escrowed funds subject to a litigation matter in Europe. The SPCs were formed in prior years to finance railcars on a structured, nonrecourse basis. Changes in restricted cash largely represent the aggregate net change in the cash of these entities resulting from operating and financing activities. Additionally, in 2011, approximately $8 million of restricted cash was disbursed upon the settlement of the litigation matter in Europe and in 2010, $30.5 million in one-time contributions were made to the SPCs. The contributions are expected to limit payment shortfalls in the future, thus preventing related interest and penalties that might otherwise be incurred under the terms of the applicable financing arrangements.
Other investing activity was as follows for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
Net Cash provided by Financing Activities
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities was as follows for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
General
GATX funds its investments and meets its debt, lease and dividend obligations through available cash balances, cash generated from operating activities, portfolio proceeds, sales of other assets, commercial paper issuances, committed revolving credit facilities and the issuance of secured and unsecured debt. Cash from operations and commercial paper issuances are the primary sources of cash used to fund daily operations. GATX utilizes both domestic and international capital markets and banks for its debt financing needs.
Contractual and Other Commercial Commitments
At December 31, 2012, GATX’s contractual commitments, including debt maturities, lease payments, and portfolio investments were (in millions):
__________
(*) Primarily railcar purchase commitments.
GATX’s contractual cash receipts arising from loans and future lease payments from finance leases, and future rental receipts from noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2012, were (in millions):
Principal sources and uses of cash were as follows for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
2013 Liquidity Outlook
GATX expects that it will be able to meet its contractual obligations for 2013 through a combination of projected cash from operations, portfolio proceeds, use of its revolving credit facilities, and available cash at December 31, 2012. Additionally, GATX anticipates that portfolio investments in 2013 will likely exceed contractual commitments as GATX expects to opportunistically pursue other strategic investments. However, adverse changes in the economic environment or capital markets could adversely impact GATX's liquidity position and there can be no assurances that these sources of cash will be adequate to fund its operations and contractual commitments.
Short-Term Borrowings
GATX primarily uses short-term borrowings as a source of working capital and to temporarily fund differences between operating cash flows and portfolio proceeds, and capital investments and debt maturities. GATX does not maintain or target any particular level of short-term borrowings on a permanent basis. Rather, short-term borrowings tend to follow a cyclical process of increasing over time until they are paid down using the proceeds from a long-term debt issuance and then the process begins again.
The following tables provide certain information regarding GATX’s short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2012 ($ in millions):
__________
(a)
Short-term borrowings in North America consist solely of commercial paper issued in the U.S.
(b)
Short-term borrowings in Europe consist solely of borrowings under bank credit facilities.
GATX has a $560 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility that expires in May 2015. As of December 31, 2012, availability under the facility was $365.3 million, with $185.0 million of commercial paper and $9.7 million of letters of credit issued, both of which are backed by the facility. GATX also has unsecured lines of credit in Europe totaling $112.1 million. At December 31, 2012, availability under these lines of credit was $23.5 million.
Restrictive Covenants
GATX’s $560 million revolving credit facility contains various restrictive covenants, including requirements to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and an asset coverage test. GATX’s ratio of earnings to fixed charges, as defined in this facility, was 1.8 for the period ended December 31, 2012, in excess of the minimum covenant ratio of 1.2. At December 31, 2012, GATX was in compliance with all covenants and conditions of the facility. Certain of GATX’s bank term loans have the same financial covenants as the facility.
The indentures for GATX’s public debt also contain various restrictive covenants, including limitation on liens provisions, that limit the amount of additional secured indebtedness that GATX may incur to $918.6 million as of December 31, 2012. Additionally, certain exceptions to the covenants permit GATX to incur an unlimited amount of purchase money and nonrecourse indebtedness. At December 31, 2012, GATX was in compliance with all covenants and conditions of the indentures.
The loan agreements for certain of GATX’s wholly-owned European Rail subsidiaries (collectively, “GRE”) also contain restrictive covenants, including leverage and cash flow covenants specific to those subsidiaries, restrictions on making loans and limitations on the ability of those subsidiaries to repay loans to certain related parties (including GATX) and to distribute capital to GATX. The covenants relating to loans and capital distributions effectively limit the ability of GRE to transfer funds to GATX. At December 31, 2012, the maximum amount that GRE could transfer to GATX without violating its covenants was $81.4 million, implying that $389.7 million of subsidiary net assets were restricted. At December 31, 2012, GRE was in compliance with all covenants and conditions of these loan agreements.
Another subsidiary’s financing, guaranteed by GATX, contains various restrictive covenants, including requirements for GATX to maintain a defined net worth and a fixed charge coverage ratio. This fixed charge coverage ratio covenant is less restrictive than that contained in the revolving credit facility.
GATX does not anticipate any covenant violations nor does it anticipate that any of these covenants will restrict its operations or its ability to procure additional financing.
See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for detailed information on GATX’s credit facilities, debt obligations and related restrictive covenants.
Credit Ratings
The availability of GATX’s funding options may be affected by certain factors, including the global capital market environment and outlook as well as GATX’s financial performance. GATX’s access to capital markets at competitive rates is dependent on its credit rating and rating outlook, as determined by rating agencies such as Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) and Moody’s Investor Service (“Moody’s”). As of December 31, 2012, GATX’s long-term unsecured debt was rated BBB by S&P and Baa2 by Moody’s. GATX’s rating outlook from both agencies was stable. GATX’s short-term unsecured debt was rated A-2 by S&P and P-2 by Moody’s.
Shelf Registration Statement
GATX maintains an effective shelf registration statement on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that enables it to issue public debt securities and pass-through certificates. The registration statement expires in August 2013.
Commercial Commitments
In connection with certain investments or transactions, GATX has entered into various commercial commitments, such as guarantees and standby letters of credit, which could require performance in the event of demands by third parties. Similar to GATX’s balance sheet investments, these guarantees expose GATX to credit, market and equipment risk; accordingly, GATX evaluates its commitments and other contingent obligations using techniques similar to those used to evaluate funded transactions.
GATX’s commercial commitments at December 31, 2012 were (in millions):
Affiliate guarantees generally involve guaranteeing repayment of the financing utilized to acquire assets and are in lieu of making direct equity investments in the affiliate. Affiliate guarantees exclude an affiliate guarantee for which no stated maximum potential future payment is provided and for which the likelihood of performance under the guarantee is considered remote. GATX is not aware of any event that would require it to satisfy these guarantees and expects the affiliates to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy their financing obligations.
Asset residual value guarantees represent GATX’s commitment to third parties that an asset or group of assets will be worth a specified amount at the end of a lease term. GATX earns an initial fee for providing these asset value guarantees, which is amortized into income over the guarantee period. Upon disposition of the assets, GATX receives a share of any proceeds in excess of the amount guaranteed and such residual sharing gains are recorded in net gain on asset dispositions. If, at the end of the lease term, the net realizable value of the asset is less than the guaranteed amount, any liability resulting from GATX’s performance pursuant to these guarantees will be reduced by the value realized from disposition of the asset.
Lease payment guarantees represent GATX’s guarantee of third-party lease payments to financial institutions. Any liability resulting from GATX’s performance pursuant to these guarantees will be reduced by the value realized from the underlying asset or group of assets.
GATX and its subsidiaries are also parties to standing letters of credit and performance bonds primarily related to workers’ compensation and general liability insurance coverages. No material claims have been made against these obligations and as of December 31, 2012, GATX does not expect any material losses to result from these obligations as performance is not anticipated to be required.
Defined Benefit Plan Contributions
In aggregate in 2012, GATX contributed $5.9 million to its defined benefit pension plans and other post-retirement benefit plans. In 2013, the Company expects to make aggregate contributions of approximately $7 million. As of December 31, 2012, GATX’s funded pension plans were 92% funded. Additional contributions will be dependent on a number of factors including plan asset investment returns and actuarial experience. Subject to the impact of these factors, the Company may make additional material plan contributions. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on GATX’s benefit plans.
Separately, the shipboard personnel at ASC participate in various multiemployer benefit plans that provide pension, health care, post-retirement and other benefits to active and retired employees. Amounts contributed and recognized as marine operating expense in 2012 were $8.1 million. Contributions in 2013 are expected to approximate 2012 amounts but will ultimately depend on the number of vessels deployed and crew hours worked during the year.
GATX Common Stock Repurchases
In 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a $200 million common stock repurchase program of which $68.6 million was available as of December 31, 2012. In 2013, the Company resumed purchases of stock and as of February 15, approximately 132,000 shares had been repurchased for $6.4 million.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to use judgment in making estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. The Company regularly evaluates its estimates and judgments based on historical experience, market indicators and other relevant factors and circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The Company considers the following critical accounting policies:
•
Operating Assets - Operating assets, including assets acquired under capital lease, are stated at historical cost and are depreciated over their estimated economic useful lives to an estimated residual value using the straight-line method. GATX determines the economic useful life based on its estimate of the period over which the asset will generate revenue. For the majority of GATX’s operating assets, the economic useful life is greater than thirty years. The residual values are based on historical experience and economic factors. GATX periodically reviews the appropriateness of its estimates of useful lives and residual values based on changes in economic circumstances and other factors. Changes in these estimates would result in a change in future depreciation expense.
In addition, GATX reviews long-lived assets, such as operating assets and facilities, for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. GATX measures the recoverability of assets to be held and used by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to its estimated future net cash flows. Estimated future cash flows are based on a number of assumptions including: lease rates, lease term (including renewals), freight rates and volume, operating costs, the life of the asset and final disposition proceeds. If GATX determines an asset is impaired, it records an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. Fair value is based on discounted future cash flows supplemented with independent appraisals and market comparables when available and appropriate.
•
Lease Classification - GATX analyzes all new and modified leases to determine whether the lease is classified as an operating or capital lease. The lease classification analysis relies on certain assumptions that require significant judgment, such as the asset fair value, the estimated residual value, the interest rate implicit in the lease, and the economic useful life of the asset. While most of GATX’s leases are classified as operating leases, changes in the assumptions used could result in a different lease classification, which would change the manner in which the lease transaction impacts GATX’s financial position and results of operations.
•
Impairment of Investments in Affiliated Companies - GATX reviews the carrying amount of its investments in affiliates annually, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that a decline in value may have occurred. If management determines that indicators of impairment are present for an investment, an analysis is performed to estimate the fair value of that investment. Active markets do not exist for the majority of GATX’s affiliate investments and as a result, GATX estimates fair value using discounted cash flow analysis at the investee level, price-earnings ratios based on comparable businesses, or other valuation techniques that are appropriate for the particular circumstances of the affiliate and for which sufficient data are available. For all fair value estimates, GATX uses observable inputs whenever possible and appropriate.
Once an estimate of fair value is made, it is compared to the investment’s carrying value. If the investment’s estimated fair value is less than its carrying value, then the investment is deemed impaired. If an investment is deemed impaired, then GATX determines whether the impairment is other-than-temporary. Factors that management considers in making this second determination include expected operating results for the near future, the length of the economic life cycle of the underlying assets of the investee and the ability of GATX to hold the investment through the end of the underlying assets’ useful life. Anticipated actions that are probable of being taken by investee management that may improve its business prospects are also considered. If GATX reasonably determines an investment to be only temporarily impaired, no impairment loss is recorded. Alternatively, if GATX determines an impairment is other-than-temporary, a loss equal to the difference between the estimated fair value of the investment and its carrying value is recorded in the period of identification.
•
Impairment of Goodwill - GATX reviews the carrying amount of its recorded goodwill annually or in interim periods if circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. The impairment review is performed at the reporting unit level, which is one level below an operating segment. The goodwill impairment test is a two-step process and requires management to make certain judgments in determining applicable assumptions used in the calculation. The first step consists of estimating the fair value of each reporting unit, which GATX determines based on a discounted cash flow model. The future cash flows are estimated based on revenue and expense forecasts and includes assumptions for future growth. In estimating the fair value of the reporting unit, GATX also considers observable multiples of book value and earnings for companies that management believes are comparable to the applicable reporting units. GATX then compares its estimate of the fair value of the reporting unit with the reporting unit’s carrying amount, which includes goodwill. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount, an additional step is performed that compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of the goodwill. The determination of a reporting unit’s implied fair value of the goodwill requires GATX to allocate the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. Any unallocated fair value represents the implied fair value of the goodwill. To the extent that the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, an impairment loss is recorded.
•
Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits Assumptions - GATX uses actuarial assumptions to calculate pension and other post-retirement benefit obligations and related costs. Two critical assumptions, the discount rate and the expected return on plan assets, are important elements of plan expense and liability measurement. Other assumptions involve demographic factors such as expected retirement age, mortality, employee turnover, health care cost trends and rate of compensation increases.
GATX uses the discount rate to calculate the present value of expected future pension and post-retirement cash flows as of the measurement date. The discount rate is based on yields for high-quality, long-term bonds, with durations similar to that of the projected benefit obligation. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is based on current and expected asset allocations, as well as historical and expected returns on various categories of plan assets. GATX evaluates these critical assumptions annually and makes adjustments as required in accordance with changes in underlying market conditions, valuation of plan assets, or demographics. Changes in these assumptions may increase or decrease periodic benefit plan expense as well as the carrying value of benefit plan assets or obligations. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding these assumptions.
•
Share-Based Compensation - GATX provides equity awards to certain employees and non-employee directors in the form of stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock, performance share awards and phantom stock awards. Compensation expense for these awards is recognized on a pro-rata basis over the applicable vesting period based on the award’s grant date fair value. GATX uses the Black-Scholes options valuation model to calculate the grant date fair value of SARs. This model requires GATX to make certain assumptions, some of which are highly subjective, which will affect the amount of compensation expense to be recorded. Assumptions used in the model include expected stock price volatility (based on the historical volatility of GATX’s stock price), the risk-free interest rate (based on the treasury yield curve), the expected life of the equity award (based on historical exercise patterns and post-vesting termination behavior) and the expected dividend equivalents to be paid during the estimated life of the equity award (since GATX’s SARs are dividend participating). The fair value of other equity awards is based on GATX’s stock price on the grant date. See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on share-based compensation.
•
Income Taxes - GATX’s operations are subject to taxes in the U.S., various states and foreign countries and as result, may be subject to audit in all of these jurisdictions. Tax audits may involve complex issues and disagreements with taxing authorities that could require several years to resolve. GAAP requires that GATX presume that uncertain income tax positions will be examined by the relevant tax authority and determine whether it is more likely than not that the income tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. An income tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is then evaluated to determine the probable amount of benefit to be recognized in the financial statements. Establishing accruals for uncertain tax benefits requires management to make estimates and assessments with respect to the ultimate outcome of tax audit issues and amounts recorded in the financial statements. The ultimate resolution of uncertain tax benefits may differ from management’s estimate, potentially impacting the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
GATX evaluates the need for a deferred tax asset valuation allowance by assessing the likelihood of whether deferred tax assets, including net operating loss and tax credit carryforward benefits, will be realized in the future. The assessment of whether a valuation allowance is required involves judgment, including the forecast of future taxable income and the evaluation of tax planning initiatives, if applicable.
Taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries as GATX intends to permanently reinvest such earnings in those foreign operations. If, in the future, these earnings are repatriated to the U.S., or if the Company expects such earnings to be repatriated, a provision for additional taxes may be required.
See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on income taxes.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for a summary of new accounting pronouncements that may impact GATX’s business.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
This report includes certain financial performance measures computed using non-GAAP components as defined by the SEC. GATX has provided a reconciliation of those non-GAAP components to the most directly comparable GAAP components. Financial measures disclosed in this report are meant to provide additional information and insight into the historical operating results and financial position of the Company. Management uses these measures in analyzing GATX’s financial performance from period to period and in making compensation decisions. These measures are not in accordance with, or a substitute for, GAAP and may be different from, or inconsistent with, non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.
GATX presents the financial measures of net income, diluted earnings per share and return on equity, which exclude the effect of Tax Adjustments and Other Items. Management believes that excluding these items facilitates a more meaningful comparison of financial performance between years and provides transparency into the operating results of GATX’s businesses. In addition, GATX discloses total on and off balance sheet assets because a significant portion of GATX’s rail fleet has been financed through sale-leasebacks that are accounted for as operating leases and the assets are not recorded on the balance sheet. Management believes this information provides investors with a better representation of the assets deployed in GATX’s businesses.
GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS
•
Non-GAAP Financial Measures - Numerical or percentage based measures of a company’s historical performance, financial position or liquidity calculated using a component different from that presented in the financial statements as prepared in accordance with GAAP.
•
Net Income Excluding Tax Adjustments and Other Items - Earnings in 2010, 2011 and 2012 included certain items that GATX believes are not necessarily related to its ongoing business activities.
•
Off Balance Sheet Assets - Assets, primarily railcars, which are financed with operating leases and therefore not recorded on the balance sheet. GATX estimates the off balance sheet asset amount by calculating the present value of committed future operating lease payments using the interest rate implicit in each lease.
•
On Balance Sheet Assets - Total assets as reported on the balance sheet.
•
Total On and Off Balance Sheet Assets - The total of on balance sheet assets and off balance sheet assets.
•
Return on Equity - Net income divided by average shareholders’ equity.
•
Return on Equity Excluding Tax Adjustments and Other Items - Net income excluding tax adjustments and other items divided by average shareholders’ equity.
Reconciliation of non-GAAP components used in the computation of certain Financial Measures
The following table presents Total On and Off Balance Sheet Assets (in millions):
The following table presents Net Income, excluding Tax Adjustments and Other Items for the years ended (in millions, except per share data):
________
(a)
In 2012, tax adjustments included $0.7 million of deferred expense due to an enacted rate increase in Ontario, Canada, $4.6 million of deferred benefits due to statutory rate decreases in the United Kingdom for certain affiliates, $15.5 million of previously unrecognized tax benefits resulting from the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations and $4.6 million of benefits attributable to the utilization of foreign tax credit carry-forwards. In 2011, tax adjustments included a $4.1 million deferred benefit attributable to a reduction in the statutory tax rates in the United Kingdom for certain affiliates and $4.8 million of benefits primarily attributable to the reversal of accruals resulting from the close of a domestic tax audit. In 2010, tax adjustments included $9.5 million of deferred benefits attributable to the reversal of accruals resulting from the close of certain domestic and foreign tax audits and a $1.9 million deferred benefit attributable to a reduction in the statutory tax rates in the United Kingdom for certain affiliates.
(b)
Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on AAE interest rate swaps.
(c)
Reserve release related to the favorable resolution of litigation matters.
(d)
Gain related to a leveraged lease adjustment.
Item 7A.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
In the normal course of business, GATX and its subsidiaries are exposed to interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risks that could impact their financial results. To manage these risks they may enter into certain derivative transactions, principally interest rate swaps, Treasury rate locks, options and currency forwards and swaps. These instruments and other derivatives are entered into only for hedging existing underlying exposures. GATX and its subsidiaries do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Exposure - GATX’s reported interest expense is affected by changes in interest rates, primarily LIBOR, as a result of the issuance of floating rate debt instruments. GATX generally manages the amount of floating rate debt instruments in relation to its floating rate investments. Based on GATX’s floating rate debt instruments at December 31, 2012, and giving effect to related derivatives, a hypothetical increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points would cause an increase in after-tax interest expense of $8.3 million in 2013. Comparatively, at December 31, 2011, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have resulted in a $7.1 million increase in after-tax interest expense in 2012. GATX’s earnings are also exposed to interest rate changes through its income from affiliates. Certain affiliates issue floating rate debt instruments to finance their investments. Additionally, GATX’s rail affiliate, AAE Cargo AG, holds multiple derivative instruments associated with existing and forecasted floating rate debt issuances. These instruments are highly sensitive to changes in interest rates and changes in their fair values are recognized currently in income.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Exposure - Certain of GATX’s foreign subsidiaries conduct business in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally those operating in Poland, Germany, Austria and Canada. As a result, GATX is exposed to foreign currency risk attributable to changes in the exchange value of the U.S. dollar in terms of the Euro, Polish zloty and Canadian dollar. Based on 2012 local currency earnings and considering non-functional currency assets and liabilities recorded as of December 31, 2012, a uniform and hypothetical 10% strengthening in the U.S. dollar versus applicable foreign currencies would increase after-tax income in 2013 by $0.2 million. Comparatively, based on 2011 local currency earnings and considering non-functional currency assets and liabilities recorded as of December 31, 2011, a uniform and hypothetical 10% strengthening in the U.S. dollar versus applicable foreign currencies would have decreased after-tax income in 2012 by $1.4 million.
Item 8.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of GATX Corporation and subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of GATX Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the index at item 15(a)(2). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of GATX Corporation and subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), GATX Corporation and subsidiaries' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 26, 2013, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon
GATX CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions)
__________
* Less than $0.1
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
GATX CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions, except share data)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
GATX CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
GATX CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In millions)
__________
* Less than $0.1
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. Description of Business
Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, GATX Corporation (“GATX” or the “Company”) leases, operates, manages and remarkets long-lived, widely-used assets, primarily in the rail and marine markets. GATX also invests in joint ventures that complement existing business activities. In 2012, the Company modified the composition of its reportable segments to reflect an increasing focus on international growth and related changes in its management structure. As a result, the Company now reports financial results through four primary business segments: Rail North America, Rail International, American Steamship Company (“ASC”) and Portfolio Management. All segment information is presented on this basis.
NOTE 2. Accounting Changes
Goodwill - In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued authoritative accounting guidance that allows an entity to assess qualitative factors to determine if performing the two-step goodwill impairment test is necessary. The assessment of qualitative factors requires an entity to evaluate all events or circumstances that could impact the likelihood that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2011. Application of the new guidance did not impact GATX’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Fair Value Measurement - In May 2011, the FASB issued authoritative accounting guidance that changed some fair value measurement principles, clarified the application of existing guidance, and enhanced fair value disclosure requirements. The guidance requires an entity to disclose transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements and the reasons for those transfers. The guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2011. Application of the new guidance did not impact GATX’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
NOTE 3. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation - The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).
Use of Estimates - The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. The Company regularly evaluates its estimates and judgments based on historical experience and other relevant facts and circumstances. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates.
Correction of Misstatement - During the first quarter of 2010, the Company discovered a clerical error in the preparation of its consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2009, and consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2009. The error resulted in a $13.1 million overstatement in each of cash and cash equivalents; accounts payable and accrued expenses; and net cash provided by operating activities. Management determined that the effect of this error was immaterial and adjusted its consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of cash flows in 2010 to correct this error.
Reclassification - Certain amounts reported in the 2011 and 2010 financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2012 presentation. In particular, GATX changed the presentation of certain items reported on its Statement of Comprehensive Income. Specifically:
•
Asset remarketing income and scrapping gains were removed from revenue and asset impairments were removed from other expense. These amounts have been aggregated and included as a separate line item entitled net gain (loss) on asset dispositions.
•
Share of affiliates' earnings was formerly presented as a pre-tax line item and was combined with revenue in the gross income line. These earnings are now presented on a net-of-tax basis after the subtotal "Income before Income Taxes and Share of Affiliates' Earnings".
•
Operating revenues relating to Portfolio Management owned vessels are reported as marine operating revenues. Previously they were treated as usage rents and recorded with lease income. The related marine operating expenses, which were previously reported as other expenses, are now reported as marine operating expenses.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements of GATX Corporation and Subsidiaries include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of GATX, all majority-owned subsidiaries that the Company controls and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. GATX's consolidated subsidiaries include the following special-purpose corporations engaged in the financing of railcars, General American Railcar Corporation, General American Railcar Corporation II, General American Railcar Corporation III, General American Marks Company and GARC LLC (collectively the "SPCs"). The obligations of the SPCs are nonrecourse to GATX and their assets are available first to satisfy claims of their creditors.
Variable Interest Entities - GATX evaluates whether an entity is a VIE based on the sufficiency of the entity’s equity and whether the equity holders have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. To determine if it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, GATX assesses whether it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that may be significant to the VIE. These determinations are both qualitative and quantitative, and they require management to make judgments and assumptions about the VIE’s forecasted financial performance and the volatility inherent in those forecasted results. GATX evaluates new investments for VIE determination and regularly reviews all existing entities for events that may result in an entity becoming a VIE or GATX becoming the primary beneficiary of an existing VIE. See Note 7 for additional information.
Investments in Affiliated Companies -Investments in joint ventures and other non-controlled entities are accounted for using the equity method when it is determined that GATX has the ability to exercise significant influence over the financial and operating policies of the investee. Under the equity method, initial investments are recorded at cost and then adjusted for GATX’s share of the affiliates’ undistributed earnings and losses, distributions of capital, and loan payments to or from the affiliate. Loans to and from affiliates are reflected as part of GATX’s investment in the affiliate and interest on these loans is included in GATX’s proportional share of the affiliates’ earnings. GATX reviews the carrying amount of its investments in affiliates annually, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that a decline in value may have occurred. If GATX determines an investment is impaired on an other-than-temporary basis, it records a loss equal to the difference between the fair value of the investment and its carrying value. See Note 6 for additional information.
Fair Value Measurements - As defined by GAAP, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are classified according to a three-level hierarchy based on management’s judgment about the reliability of the inputs used in the fair value measurement. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, and include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 inputs are unobservable, meaning they are supported by little or no market activity. Fair value measurements classified as Level 3 typically rely on the use of pricing models and discounted cash flow methodologies where significant management judgment is required. See Note 9 for additional information.
Cash and Cash Equivalents - All highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased are classified as cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash - Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal and use. GATX’s restricted cash primarily relates to contractually required amounts maintained for six wholly-owned bankruptcy-remote, special-purpose corporations.
Loans - GATX records loans at the principal amount outstanding plus accrued interest. The loan portfolio is reviewed regularly and a loan is classified as impaired when it is probable that GATX will be unable to collect all amounts due under the loan agreement. Since most loans are collateralized, impairment is generally measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the loan exceeds expected repayments plus the fair value of the underlying collateral. Generally, interest income is not recognized on impaired loans until the loan has been paid up to contractually current status or as conditions warrant.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Operating Assets and Facilities - Operating assets and facilities are principally stated at cost plus capitalized improvements. Assets acquired under capital leases are included in operating assets, and the related obligations are recorded as liabilities. Operating assets and facilities are depreciated over their estimated useful lives or lease terms to estimated residual values using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their useful lives or the lease term. The estimated depreciable lives of operating assets and facilities are as follows:
GATX reviews long-lived assets, such as operating assets and facilities, for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is evaluated by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the undiscounted future net cash flows GATX expects the asset to generate. If GATX determines an asset is impaired, it recognizes an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying amount over the asset’s fair value. Assets to be disposed of that meet specified accounting criteria are classified as held for sale and recorded at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
Lease Classification - GATX determines the classification of a lease at its inception. If the provisions of the lease subsequently change, other than by renewal or extension, GATX evaluates if that change would have resulted in a different classification had the change been in effect at inception. If so, the revised agreement is considered a new lease for lease classification purposes. See Note 5 for additional information.
Finance Leases - Finance leases include direct finance leases and leveraged leases. Direct finance leases consist of a gross lease payment receivable and an estimated residual value of the leased equipment at the lease termination date, net of unearned income. Lease payment receivables represent the rent GATX will receive over the remainder of the lease term. Initial unearned income is the amount by which the sum of the original lease payment receivable and the estimated residual value exceeds the original cost or carrying value of the underlying equipment. GATX amortizes unearned income to lease income over the lease term in a manner that produces a constant rate of return on the net investment in the lease. Finance leases that are mainly financed at inception with nonrecourse borrowings and that meet certain criteria are accounted for as leveraged leases. Leveraged lease receivables are stated net of related nonrecourse debt. Initial unearned income for leveraged leases is the excess of anticipated cash flows (including estimated residual values and net of the related debt service) over the original investment in the lease. See Note 5 for additional information.
GATX regularly reviews the performance of the finance lease portfolio and classifies finance leases as non-performing if it is probable that GATX will be unable to collect all amounts due under the lease. GATX suspends the accrual of income on non-performing finance leases until all contractual payments are current or as conditions warrant. Payments received on non-performing finance leases are applied to the lease payment receivable.
Residual Values - Residual values are a component of GATX’s investment in finance leases. Residual values are the estimated value of an asset at the end of a finance lease contract. GATX reviews its estimates of residual value annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate that residual values may have declined. Other-than-temporary declines in value are recognized as impairments.
Inventory - GATX’s inventory consists of railcar and locomotive repair components and marine vessel spare parts. All inventory balances are stated at lower of cost or market. Railcar repair components are valued using the average cost method. Vessel spare parts inventory is valued using the first-in, first-out method. Inventory is included in other assets on the balance sheet.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Goodwill - GATX recognizes goodwill when the purchase price of an acquired business exceeds the fair value of the acquired net assets and assigns the goodwill to the same reporting unit as the net assets of the acquired business. GATX’s reporting units are based on the composition of its operating segments, taking into consideration whether the operating segments consist of multiple businesses and, if so, whether the businesses operate in different economic environments. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, then the goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, GATX compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill (the reporting unit fair value less its carrying amount, excluding goodwill) with the carrying amount of the goodwill. An impairment loss is recorded in the amount that the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. Reporting unit fair values are primarily estimated using discounted cash flow models. GATX performs its impairment test annually, in the fourth quarter, or in interim periods if events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment. See Note 16 for additional information.
Allowance for Losses - The allowance for losses is an estimate of credit losses existing in reservable assets. Reservable assets are divided into two categories: rent and other receivables, which includes short-term trade billings, and loans and finance lease receivables. GATX bases loss reserves for rent and other receivables on historical loss experience and judgments about the impact of economic conditions, the state of the markets GATX operates in and collateral values. In addition, GATX may establish specific reserves for known troubled accounts. Reserve estimates for loans and finance lease receivables are generally evaluated on a customer-specific basis, considering the same factors as rent and other receivables as well as a regular assessment of each customer’s specific credit situation. Amounts are charged against the allowance when they are deemed to be uncollectable. There were no material changes in estimation methods or assumptions for the allowance during 2012. GATX believes that the allowance is adequate to cover losses inherent in its reservable assets as of December 31, 2012. Since the allowance is based on judgments and estimates, it is possible that actual losses incurred will differ from the estimate. See Note 17 for additional information.
Income Taxes - Provisions for federal, state and foreign income taxes are calculated on reported income before income taxes. Calculations of deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted rates in effect for the year the differences are expected to reverse. The cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those previously used in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities is reflected in the provision for income taxes in the period of change. Provisions for income taxes in any given period differ from those currently payable or receivable because certain items of income and expense are recognized in different periods for financial reporting purposes than for income tax purposes. Uncertain tax positions are items deducted for tax purposes, but for which a tax benefit has not been recognized in the financial statements due to the uncertainty of the tax position. GATX’s liability for uncertain tax positions is included in other liabilities on the balance sheet. See Note 12 for additional information.
Derivatives - GATX recognizes all derivative instruments at fair value and classifies them on the balance sheet as either other assets or other liabilities. Classification of derivative activity in the statements of comprehensive income and cash flows is generally determined by the nature of the hedged item. Gains and losses on derivatives that are not accounted for as hedges are classified as other expenses and the related cash flows are included in cash flows from operating activities.
Derivatives that meet specific accounting criteria are formally designated as qualifying hedges at inception. These criteria require that the derivative is expected to be highly effective at offsetting changes in the fair value or expected cash flows of the hedged exposure both at the inception of the hedging relationship and on an ongoing basis. GATX primarily uses derivatives, such as interest rate swap agreements, Treasury rate locks, options and currency forwards, to hedge its exposure to interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate risk on existing and anticipated transactions. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of both the derivative and the hedged item are recognized in earnings. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the change in the fair value of the derivative is recorded as part of other comprehensive income (loss) and recognized in earnings in the period the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portion of the change in the fair value of the derivative is immediately recognized in earnings. Although GATX does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for purposes other than hedging, certain derivatives are not designated as accounting hedges. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recognized in earnings immediately. See Note 9 for additional information.
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Post-Retirement Plans - GATX’s balance sheet reflects the funded status of its pension and post-retirement plans. The funded status of the plans is measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the projected benefit obligation. GATX recognizes the aggregate overfunding of any plans in other assets, the aggregate underfunding of any plans in other liabilities and the corresponding adjustments to other comprehensive income (loss), net of related taxes.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Foreign Currency - The assets and liabilities of GATX’s operations having non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are translated at exchange rates in effect at year end. Income, expenses and cash flows are translated monthly, using average exchange rates. Gains and losses resulting from the translation of foreign currency financial statements are deferred and recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss). Gains (losses) resulting from foreign currency transactions and from the remeasurement of non-functional currency denominated assets and liabilities, which are recorded net of related hedges in other expense during the periods in which they occur, were $0.5 million, $(1.6) million and $(1.7) million for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Environmental Liabilities - GATX records reserves for environmental remediation costs at sites relating to past and/or discontinued operations when they are probable and a reasonable estimate of the expected costs can be made. Adjustments to initial estimates are recorded when necessary. Since reserves are based on estimates, actual environmental remediation costs may differ. Environmental remediation costs that relate to current or future operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. See Note 22 for additional information.
Lease Revenue - Lease revenue includes revenue from full-service and net operating leases, and direct finance leases. Full-service leases are priced as an integrated service that includes amounts related to executory costs (e.g., maintenance, insurance and ad valorem taxes). GATX does not offer stand-alone maintenance service contracts and is unable to separate executory costs from full service lease income based on observable data. Operating lease revenue, including amounts related to executory costs, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying lease. As a result, lease revenue may not be recognized in the same period as maintenance and other executory costs, which are expensed as incurred. Finance lease income is recognized using the interest method, which produces a constant yield over the term of the lease. See Note 5 for additional information.
Marine Operating Revenue -Marine operating revenue is recognized as shipping services are performed and revenue is allocated among reporting periods based on the relative transit time in each reporting period for shipments in process at any month end.
Other Revenue - Other revenue includes customer liability repair revenue, fee income, interest on loans and other miscellaneous revenues. These revenues are recognized when earned, which, in the case of management fees received from affiliates, is when services are performed.
Interest Expense, net - Interest expense is the interest accrued on indebtedness and amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discounts. Debt issuance costs and discounts are deferred and amortized over the applicable term of the related debt. Interest expense is reported net of interest income on bank deposits, which was $1.9 million, $0.7 million and $0.2 million for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Operating Lease Expense - GATX leases certain railcars and other assets and facilities closely associated with its revenue generating operations, such as maintenance facilities and equipment. These leases are classified as operating leases and the associated lease expense is recorded on a straight-line basis. Gains and financing costs associated with sale-leasebacks are deferred and amortized as a component of operating lease expense over the related leaseback term. GATX’s leases of office facilities and related administrative assets are also classified as operating leases and the associated expense is recorded in selling, general, and administrative expense (“SG&A”). Total operating lease expense, which includes amounts recorded in SG&A, was $133.3 million, $137.3 million and $145.4 million, in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. See Note 5 for additional information.
Lease and Loan Origination Costs - Initial direct costs of direct finance leases are deferred and amortized over the lease term as an adjustment to lease income. Loan origination fees and related direct loan origination costs for a given loan are offset, and the net amount is deferred and amortized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to interest income.
Maintenance and Repair Costs - Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred in connection with planned major maintenance activities that improve or extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful life. Required regulatory survey costs for vessels are capitalized and amortized over the applicable survey period, which is generally five years.
ASC Expense Seasonality - ASC's sailing season runs from April 1 - December 31 of each year. Certain indirect expenses incurred prior to the beginning of the sailing season, including winter maintenance, insurance, operating lease expense and depreciation, are deferred and amortized ratably over the sailing season. Otherwise, expenses are recognized as incurred.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Share-Based Compensation - GATX measures share-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of an award and recognizes the expense net of estimated forfeitures over the requisite service period of each award. Forfeiture rates are estimated at the grant date based on historical experience and adjusted in subsequent periods for differences in actual forfeitures from those estimates. See Note 11 for additional information.
Net Gain on Asset Dispositions - Net gain on asset dispositions consists of disposition gains on sales of operating assets and residual sharing income ("asset remarketing income"), non-remarketing disposition gains, and asset impairments. Disposition gains, including non-remarketing gains, are recognized upon completion of the sale or scrapping of operating assets. Residual sharing income includes fees received from sale of managed assets and assets subject to residual value guarantees, and are recognized upon completion of the underlying transactions.
The following table presents the net gain on asset dispositions for the year ended (in millions) :
Other Income (Expense) -Other income and expense includes fair value adjustments, gains and/or losses on foreign currency transactions and remeasurements, legal defense costs and litigation settlements, along with other miscellaneous income and expense items.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income - In January 2013, the FASB issued authoritative accounting guidance that requires presentation and disclosure of the effects on components of net income of significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The guidance becomes effective for periods beginning after December 31, 2012, with early adoption permitted. Application of the new guidance will not impact GATX's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
NOTE 4. Supplemental Cash Flow and Noncash Investing Transaction
________
(*)
Interest paid consisted of interest on debt obligations, interest rate swaps (net of interest received) and capital lease interest. Interest expense capitalized as part of the cost of construction of major assets was immaterial for all periods presented.
________
(*) In connection with the dissolutions of GATX's Clipper Fourth Limited and Clipper Fourth APS affiliates, GATX received liquidating distributions of six vessels with an aggregate fair value of $88.8 million. See Note 6 for additional information.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
NOTE 5. Leases
The following information pertains to GATX as a lessor:
The components of GATX’s finance leases as of December 31 were (in millions):
Leveraged Lease Income - Income from leveraged leases (net of taxes) was $0.2 million, $4.6 million and $1.5 million in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Usage Rents -Rental income on certain operating leases is based on equipment usage. Rental income from usage rents was $18.2 million, $13.7 million and $11.8 million, in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Initial Direct Costs - Deferred initial direct costs related to direct financing leases were $0.8 million and $0.9 million, at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Future Receipts - Future contractual receipts from finance leases and noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2012, were (in millions):
__________
(*) The future contractual receipts due under operating leases include executory costs in the case of GATX's full service leases.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The following information pertains to GATX as a lessee:
Capital Lease Assets - Assets that are financed with capital lease obligations as of December 31 were (in millions):
Lease Obligations - Certain leases provide options for GATX to renew the leases or purchase the assets at the end of the lease term. The specific terms of the renewal and purchase options vary. These amounts are not included with future contractual rental payments. Future contractual rental payments due under noncancelable leases as of December 31, 2012, were (in millions):
__________
(a)
The contractual rental payments do not include the costs of licenses, taxes, insurance, and maintenance, for which GATX is required to pay.
(b)
The amounts shown for nonrecourse operating leases primarily reflect the rental payments of two wholly-owned bankruptcy-remote, SPCs. These rentals are consolidated for accounting purposes, but do not represent legal obligations of GATX.
NOTE 6. Investments in Affiliated Companies
Investments in affiliated companies represent investments in and loans to domestic and foreign affiliates that are in businesses similar to those of GATX, primarily companies offering lease financing and related services for customers operating rail and marine assets, as well as companies that lease aircraft engines. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, loan amounts included were $51.3 million and $57.7 million, respectively.
In 2012, GATX's gas compression equipment leasing affiliate, Enerven Compression, LLC ("Enerven"), sold substantially all of its assets and is in the process of liquidation. In connection with the disposition, GATX recognized an impairment loss of $14.8 million, which is reflected in share of affiliates' earnings. In 2011, the Clipper Fourth Limited and Clipper Fourth APS marine affiliates, in each of which GATX held a 45% interest, were dissolved. In connection with the dissolutions, GATX contributed $62.1 million, representing its share of the Clipper affiliates' outstanding debt, received liquidating distributions of six vessels with an aggregate fair value of $88.8 million and recognized an impairment loss of $5.2 million, which is reflected in share of affiliates’ earnings.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The following table presents GATX's most significant investments in affiliated companies and related percentage of ownership, by segment, as of December 31, 2012 (in millions):
__________
(*)
Combined investment balances of fourteen separate joint ventures (collectively, the "RRPF Affiliates")
The following table shows GATX’s share of affiliates’ earnings by segment for the years ending December 31 (in millions):
The following table summarizes GATX's cash investments in and distributions from affiliates for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
The following guarantees, as described in Note 14, related to GATX's affiliated companies were outstanding as of December 31 (in millions). The amount shown below excludes an affiliate guarantee for which no stated maximum potential future payment is provided and for which the likelihood of performance under the guarantee is considered remote.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Summarized Financial Data of Affiliates
Aggregated operating results for all of GATX's affiliated companies for the years ending December 31 were (in millions):
Aggregated summarized balance sheet data for all of GATX's affiliated companies as of December 31 were (in millions):
Summarized Financial Data for the RRPF Affiliates
As noted above, GATX's affiliate investments include a 50% interest in each of the RRPF Affiliates, a collection of fourteen domestic and foreign joint ventures with Rolls-Royce plc (or affiliates thereof, collectively “Rolls-Royce”), a leading manufacturer of commercial aircraft jet engines. The RRPF Affiliates are primarily engaged in two business activities: lease financing of aircraft engines to a diverse group of commercial aircraft operators worldwide and sale-leaseback financing of aircraft engines to Rolls-Royce for use in their engine maintenance programs. These aircraft engines are generally depreciated over a useful life of 25 years to an estimated residual value. Lease terms vary but typically range from 7 to 10 years. Rolls-Royce acts as manager for each of the RRPF Affiliates and also performs substantially all required maintenance activities. GATX's share of affiliates' earnings (after-tax) from the RRPF Affiliates was $36.7 million, $30.8 million and $25.4 million in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
The following financial information was derived from the combined financial statements of the RRPF Affiliates.
Condensed income statements for the years ending December 31 (in millions):
_________
(*) Represents income taxes directly attributable to the RRPF Affiliates. Several of the RRPF Affiliates are flow through entities and income taxes are incurred at the shareholder level.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Condensed balance sheets as of December 31 (in millions):
_________
(*)
All operating assets were pledged as collateral for long term debt obligations.
Contractual future lease receipts from noncancelable leases as of December 31, 2012 were as follows (in millions):
Maturities of debt obligations as of December 31, 2012, were as follows (in millions):
_________
(*)
All debt obligations are nonrecourse to the shareholders.
NOTE 7. Variable Interest Entities
GATX evaluates whether an entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) based on the sufficiency of the entity's equity and whether the equity holders have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. To determine if it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, GATX assesses whether it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that may be significant to the VIE. These determinations are both qualitative and quantitative in nature and require certain judgments and assumptions about the VIE's forecasted financial performance and the volatility inherent in those forecasted results. GATX evaluates new investments for VIE determination and regularly reviews all existing entities for any events that may result in an entity becoming a VIE or GATX becoming the primary beneficiary of an existing VIE.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
GATX is the primary beneficiary of a consolidated VIE related to a structured lease financing of a portfolio of railcars because it has the power to direct the significant activities of the VIE through its ownership of the equity interests in the transaction. The risks associated with this VIE are substantially similar to those of GATX's wholly-owned railcar leasing activities.
The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities of the VIE as of December 31 were (in millions):
_________
(*)
All operating assets are pledged as collateral on the nonrecourse debt.
GATX is also involved with other entities determined to be VIEs of which GATX is not the primary beneficiary. These VIEs are primarily leveraged leases and certain investments in railcar and equipment leasing affiliates that have been financed through a mix of equity investments and third-party lending arrangements. GATX determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs because it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance. For certain investments in affiliates determined to be VIEs, GATX concluded that power was shared between the affiliate partners based on the terms of the relevant joint venture agreements, which require approval of all partners for significant decisions involving the VIE.
The carrying amounts and maximum exposure to loss with respect to VIEs that GATX does not consolidate as of December 31 were (in millions):
NOTE 8. Debt
Commercial Paper and Borrowings Under Bank Credit Facilities ($ in millions)
Credit Lines and Facilities
GATX has a $560 million unsecured revolving credit facility in the U.S. that matures in May 2015. At December 31, 2012, availability under this facility was $365.3 million, with $185.0 million of commercial paper outstanding and $9.7 million of letters of credit issued, both backed by the facility. Annual commitment fees for the revolving credit facility are based on a percentage of the commitment and were $1.2 million, $0.9 million and $0.4 million for 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. GATX also has unsecured lines of credit in Europe totaling $112.1 million. At December 31, 2012, availability under these lines of credit was $23.5 million.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Recourse and Nonrecourse Debt Obligations
Outstanding balances of GATX’s debt obligations and the applicable interest rates as of December 31 ($ in millions):
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
_________
(*)
Floating rates as of December 31, 2012.
Maturities of GATX’s debt obligations as of December 31, 2012, were as follows (in millions):
At December 31, 2012, $606.7 million of GATX’s operating assets were pledged as collateral for notes or other obligations.
Shelf Registration Statement
GATX maintains an effective shelf registration statement on file with the SEC that enables it to issue public debt securities and pass-through certificates. The registration statement expires in August 2013.
Restrictive Covenants
GATX’s $560 million revolving credit facility contains various restrictive covenants, including requirements to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio and an asset coverage test. GATX’s ratio of earnings to fixed charges, as defined in this facility, was 1.8 for the period ended December 31, 2012, in excess of the minimum covenant ratio of 1.2. At December 31, 2012, GATX was in compliance with all covenants and conditions of the facility. Certain of GATX’s bank term loans have the same financial covenants as the facility.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The indentures for GATX’s public debt also contain various restrictive covenants, including limitation on liens provisions, that limit the amount of additional secured indebtedness that GATX may incur to $918.6 million as of December 31, 2012. Additionally, certain exceptions to the covenants permit GATX to incur an unlimited amount of purchase money and nonrecourse indebtedness. At December 31, 2012, GATX was in compliance with all covenants and conditions of the indentures.
The loan agreements for certain of GATX’s wholly-owned European subsidiaries (collectively, “GRE”) also contain restrictive covenants, including leverage and cash flow covenants specific to those subsidiaries, restrictions on making loans and limitations on the ability of these subsidiaries to repay loans to certain related parties (including GATX) and to pay dividends to GATX. The covenants relating to loans and dividends effectively limit the ability of GRE to transfer funds to GATX. At December 31, 2012, the maximum amount that GRE could transfer to GATX without violating its covenants was $81.4 million, implying that $389.7 million of subsidiary net assets were restricted. At December 31, 2012, GRE was in compliance with all covenants and conditions of these loan agreements.
Another subsidiary’s financing, guaranteed by GATX, contains various restrictive covenants, including requirements for GATX to maintain a defined net worth and a fixed charge coverage ratio. This fixed charge coverage ratio covenant is less restrictive than that contained in the revolving credit facility.
GATX does not anticipate any covenant violations nor does it anticipate that any of these covenants will restrict its operations or its ability to procure additional financing.
NOTE 9. Fair Value Disclosure
The following tables set forth GATX’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31 (in millions):
_________
(a) Designated as hedges
(b) Not designated as hedges
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Available for sale equity securities are valued based on quoted prices on an active exchange. Derivatives are valued using a pricing model with inputs (such as yield curves and credit spreads) that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.
The following table sets forth certain disclosures relating to GATX’s non-recurring Level 3 fair value measurements in 2012 and 2011(in millions):
In 2012, impairment losses related to the Enerven affiliate and a corporate aircraft on lease. In 2011, impairment losses related to the corporate aircraft on lease and a helicopter held for sale. The fair value of the Enerven affiliate was primarily based on expected final proceeds to be received after all sale and liquidation proceedings are concluded. The fair values of the operating assets were based primarily on the expected future proceeds to be received from the assets, including their disposition.
Derivative instruments
Fair Value Hedges - GATX uses interest rate swaps to convert fixed rate debt to floating rate debt and to manage the fixed to floating rate mix of its debt obligations. For fair value hedges, changes in fair value of both the derivative and the hedged item are recognized in earnings as interest expense. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, GATX had one instrument and three instruments outstanding, respectively, with an aggregate notional amount of $100.0 million and $350.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, this derivative had a maturity in 2015.
Cash Flow Hedges - GATX uses interest rate swaps to convert floating rate debt to fixed rate debt and to manage the fixed to floating rate mix of its debt obligations. GATX also uses interest rate swaps and Treasury rate locks to hedge its exposure to interest rate risk on existing and anticipated transactions. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, GATX had 12 instruments and 11 instruments outstanding, respectively, with an aggregate notional amount of $129.2 million and $73.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, these derivatives had maturities ranging from 2013-2019. Within the next 12 months, GATX expects to reclassify $6.8 million ($4.3 million after-tax) of net losses on previously terminated derivatives from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings. Amounts are reclassified when interest and operating expense related to the hedged risks affect earnings.
Non-designated Derivatives - GATX does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for purposes other than hedging, although certain derivatives are not designated as accounting hedges. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recognized in earnings immediately.
Certain of GATX’s derivative instruments contain credit risk provisions that could require GATX to make immediate payment on net liability positions in the event that GATX defaulted on certain outstanding debt obligations. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit risk related contingent features that are in a liability position as of December 31, 2012, was $3.4 million. GATX is not required to post any collateral on its derivative instruments and does not expect the credit risk provisions to be triggered.
In the event that a counterparty fails to meet the terms of the interest rate swap agreement or a foreign exchange contract, GATX’s exposure is limited to the fair value of the swap if in GATX’s favor. GATX manages the credit risk of counterparties by transacting only with institutions that the Company considers financially sound and by avoiding concentrations of risk with a single counterparty. GATX considers the risk of non-performance by a counterparty to be remote.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The income statement and other comprehensive income (loss) impacts of GATX’s derivative instruments for the years ended December 31 were (in millions):
_________
(*)
Equally offsetting the amount recognized in interest expense was the fair value adjustment relating to the underlying debt.
Other Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, rent and other receivables, accounts payable, and commercial paper and bank credit facilities approximate fair value due to the short maturity of those instruments. The fair values of investment funds are based on the best information available and may include quoted investment fund values. The fair values of loans and fixed and floating rate debt were estimated based on discounted cash flow analyses using interest rates currently offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. The following table sets forth the carrying amounts and fair values of GATX’s other financial instruments as of December 31 (in millions):
NOTE 10. Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefits
GATX maintains both funded and unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plans covering its domestic employees and the employees of certain of its subsidiaries. GATX also has a funded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan related to a former business in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), which has no active employees. Benefits payable under the pension plans are based on years of service and/or final average salary. GATX’s funding policies for the pension plans are based on actuarially determined cost methods allowable under IRS regulations and statutory requirements in the U.K.
In addition to the pension plans, GATX has other post-retirement plans providing health care, life insurance and other benefits for certain retired domestic employees who meet established criteria. Most domestic employees are eligible for health care and life insurance benefits if they retire from GATX with immediate benefits under the GATX pension plan. The other post-retirement plans are either contributory or noncontributory, depending on various factors.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
GATX uses a December 31 measurement date for all of its plans. The following tables set forth pension obligations and plan assets and other post-retirement obligations as of December 31 (in millions):
The aggregate accumulated benefit obligation for the defined benefit pension plans was $453.7 million and $408.9 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Information for pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets is as followes as of December 31 (in millions):
Information for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets is as follows as of December 31 (in millions):
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The components of net periodic (benefit) cost for the year ended December 31 were (in millions):
GATX amortizes the unrecognized prior service credit using a straight-line method over the average remaining service period of employees expected to receive benefits under the plan. The unrecognized net actuarial loss (gain), subject to certain averaging conventions, is amortized over the average remaining service period of active employees.
As of December 31, 2012, GATX expects within the next twelve months to recognize the following amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss (gain) as components of net periodic cost (in millions):
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
GATX used the following assumptions to measure the benefit obligation, compute the expected long-term return on assets and measure the periodic cost for GATX’s defined benefit pension plans and other post-retirement benefit plans for the years ended December 31:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The discount rate is used by GATX to calculate the present value of expected future pension and post-retirement cash flows as of the measurement date. The discount rate is based on yields for high-quality, long-term bonds, with durations similar to that of the projected benefit obligation. The expected return on plan assets is based on current and expected asset allocations, as well as historical and expected returns on various categories of plan assets. GATX routinely reviews its historical returns along with current market conditions to ensure its expected return assumption is reasonable and appropriate.
The health care cost trend, which is comprised of medical and prescription drug claims, has a significant effect on the other post-retirement benefit cost and obligation. A one-percentage-point change in the trend rate would have the following effects (in millions):
GATX’s investment policies require that asset allocations of domestic and foreign funded pension plans be maintained at certain targets. GATX’s weighted-average asset allocations of its domestic funded pension plans at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and current target asset allocation for 2012, by asset category, are as follows:
GATX’s weighted-average asset allocations of its foreign funded pension plan at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and current target asset allocation for 2013, by asset category, are as follows:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The following tables set forth the fair value of GATX’s pension plan assets as of December 31 (in millions):
The following is a description of the valuation techniques and inputs used as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:
Short-term investment funds: Valued based on the closing net asset values (NAV) quoted by the funds. The NAV represents the unitized fair values of the underlying securities held by the trusts, which are traded in an active market. Short-term investment funds are highly liquid investments in obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, and related money market instruments. There are no unfunded commitments, restrictions on redemption frequency, or advance notice periods required for redemption.
Common stock: Traded in an active market and valued at the last reported sales price on the last business day of the plan year.
Common stock and fixed income collective trust funds: Valued based on the closing NAV prices quoted by the funds. The NAV represents the unitized fair values of the underlying securities held by the trusts, which are traded in an active market. There are no unfunded commitments, restrictions on redemption frequency, or advance notice periods required for redemption for any of the collective trusts. The common stock funds each have an investment objective of long-term total return through capital appreciation and current income. The fixed income funds are each designed to deliver safety and stability by preserving principal and accumulated earnings.
Real estate collective trust funds: Valued based on the NAV provided by the administrators of the funds, which represents the unitized fair values of the underlying U.S. commercial real estate held by the funds. Fair values were determined by independent appraisal of the real estate properties. Redemptions from the real estate funds are available upon either 45 or 60 days’ notice prior to the end of a quarter. Redemptions may be limited and/or delayed by a lack of liquidity in the funds. The real estate funds are diversified by location and property type with an investment objective of long-term return through property appreciation, current income, and timely sales. In 2012, the Company determined that the inputs used to measure the real estate funds at fair value are Level 2 inputs. The fair value disclosures for 2011 have been revised to conform to the 2012 presentation.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The primary investing objective of the pension plans is to represent the exclusive interests of plan participants for the purpose of providing benefits to participants and their beneficiaries. To achieve this goal, GATX’s philosophy is to invest in a diversified portfolio of equities, debt and real estate investments to maximize return and to keep risk at a reasonable level over a long-term investment horizon. Equity investments are diversified across U.S. and non-U.S. stocks as well as growth, value and small to large capitalizations. Debt securities are predominately invested in long-term, investment-grade corporate bonds. Real estate investments include investments in funds that are diversified by location and property type.
On a timely basis, but not less than twice a year, GATX formally reviews pension plan investments to ensure adherence to investment guidelines and the Company’s stated investment approach. This review also evaluates reasonableness of investment decisions and risk positions. The performance of investments is compared to indices and peers to determine if performance has been acceptable.
In 2013, GATX expects to contribute approximately $7.0 million to its pension and other post-retirement benefit plans. Additional contributions to the domestic funded pension plans will be dependent on several factors, including investment returns on plan assets and actuarial experience.
The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid (in millions):
The following are estimated Medicare Part D Subsidies expected to be received as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (in millions):
In addition to its defined benefit plans, GATX maintains two 401(k) retirement plans that are available to substantially all salaried and certain other employee groups. GATX may contribute to the plans as specified by their respective terms and as determined by the Board of Directors. Contributions to such plans were $1.6 million, $1.4 million and zero for 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Multiemployer Plans
The shipboard personnel at ASC participate in various multiemployer benefit plans that provide pension, health care, post-retirement and other benefits to active and retired employees. Unlike single employer plans, GATX does not recognize plan assets or obligations for multiemployer plans on its balance sheet. Rather, GATX recognizes as marine operating expenses the amounts of its contributions to the plans. The amounts contributed are based on the number of crew hours worked, which is dependent on the number of vessels deployed and aggregate operating days in a particular year. The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from single employer plans in the following aspects:
•
Assets contributed by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers;
•
If a participating employer fails to make its required contributions, any unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers; and
•
If an employer chooses to stop participating in a multiemployer plan, the withdrawing company may be required to make additional contributions.
GATX’s contributions to multiemployer benefit plans for the years indicated were as follows (in millions):
__________________
(a)GATX's contributions represented more than 5% of the total contributions to the plan during each year and no surcharge was imposed for any year.
(b)The American Maritime Officers Pension Plan was determined to be in endangered status (i.e. “yellow zone” as defined by the Pension Protection Act of 2006) for the plan year beginning October 1, 2012, because it has funding or liquidity problems, or both. A rehabilitation plan, as defined by the Employee Retirement Security Act of 1974, was instituted under which certain adjustable benefits were reduced or eliminated and GATX is required to contribute at a negotiated rate per day worked by each employee.
NOTE 11. Share-Based Compensation
GATX provides equity awards to its employees under its GATX Corporation 2012 Incentive Award Plan (the “2012 Plan”), which was adopted in 2012 and superseded the GATX Corporation 2004 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan. The plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted shares and phantom stock awards. As of December 31, 2012, 3.5 million shares were authorized under the 2012 Plan and 3.5 million shares were available for future issuance. GATX recognizes compensation expense for its equity awards in selling, general and administrative expenses over the service period of each award. For 2012, 2011 and 2010, share-based compensation expense was $12.2 million, $11.0 million and $8.0 million, respectively, and related tax benefits were $4.6 million, $4.1 million and $3.0 million, respectively. These awards are more fully described below.
Stock Option and SAR Awards
Stock option and SARs provide for the purchase of shares of common stock and may be granted for periods not longer than seven years from the grant date. SARs entitle the holder to receive the difference between the market price of GATX’s common stock at the time of exercise and the exercise price, either in shares of common stock, cash or a combination thereof, at GATX’s discretion. Options entitle the holder to purchase shares of GATX common stock at a specified exercise price. Dividends accrue on all options and SARs and are paid upon vesting. Dividends continue to be paid until the options or SARs are exercised, cancelled or expire. The exercise price for stock options and SARs is equal to the average of the high and low trading prices of GATX common stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting period. Since 2006, only SARs have been awarded. SARs vest and become exercisable in 1/3 annual increments over three years.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The estimated fair value of a SAR is the sum of the value derived using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the present value of dividends expected to be paid over the expected term of the SAR. The Black-Scholes valuation incorporates various assumptions, including expected term, expected volatility, and risk free interest rates. Expected term is based on historical exercise patterns and post-vesting terminations. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of GATX’s stock price over a period equal to the expected term. Risk-free interest rates are based on the implied yield on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bond issues with a remaining term equal to the expected term.
The weighted average fair value for GATX’s SARs and the assumptions used to estimate fair value were:
Certain data with respect to stock option and SAR activity for the year ended December 31, 2012, were:
The total intrinsic value of options and SARs exercised during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $4.9 million, $4.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, there was $6.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested SARs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.
Restricted and Performance Share Awards
Restricted shares entitle the recipient to receive a specified number of restricted shares of common stock upon vesting. Restricted shares do not carry voting rights and are not transferable prior to the expiration of a specified restriction period, generally three years, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors ( the “Compensation Committee”). Dividends accrue on all restricted shares and are paid upon vesting. Compensation expense is recognized for these awards over the applicable vesting period.
Performance shares are restricted shares that are granted to key employees based on the achievement of certain strategic objectives. The shares are converted to common stock based on the achievement of predetermined performance goals at the end of a specified performance period as determined by the Compensation Committee. An estimate of the number of shares expected to vest as a result of actual performance against the performance criteria is made at the time of grant to determine total compensation expense to be recognized. The estimate is reevaluated annually and total compensation expense is adjusted for any changes in the estimate, with a cumulative catch up adjustment (i.e., the cumulative effect of applying the change in estimate retrospectively) recognized in the period of change. Compensation expense is recognized for these awards over the applicable vesting period, generally three years.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
GATX values its restricted and performance share awards based on the average of the high and low values of its stock on the grant date. As of December 31, 2012, there was $6.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to these awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.
Certain data with respect to restricted and performance share activity for the year ended December 31, 2012, were:
The total fair value of restricted and performance shares that vested during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, was $5.6 million, $2.7 million and $2.5 million, respectively.
Phantom Stock Awards
Phantom stock is granted to non-employee directors as a component of their compensation for service on GATX’s Board of Directors. In accordance with the terms of the phantom stock awards, each director is credited with a quantity of units that equate to, but are not, common shares in the Company. Phantom stock awards are dividend participating with all dividends reinvested in additional phantom shares at the average of the high and low trading prices of GATX stock on the dividend payment date. Settlement of whole units of phantom stock will be made in shares of common stock and fractional units will be paid in cash at the expiration of each director’s service on the Board and/or in accordance with his or her deferral election. In 2012, GATX granted 20,722 units of phantom stock and 135,261 units were outstanding as of December 31, 2012.
NOTE 12. Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. U.S. income taxes have not been provided on the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates that GATX intends to permanently reinvest in foreign operations. The cumulative amount of such earnings was $551.4 million at December 31, 2012. The ultimate tax cost of these earnings is dependent on tax laws in effect and other circumstances at the time of distribution.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Significant components of GATX’s deferred tax liabilities and assets as of December 31 were (in millions):
At December 31, 2012, GATX had fully utilized its U.S. federal tax net operating loss carryforward of $108.8 million, and its alternative minimum tax credit, which has an unlimited carryforward period, was reduced to $5.2 million.
At December 31, 2012, GATX had foreign tax credits of $7.3 million that are scheduled to expire beginning in 2015. A $7.3 million valuation allowance has been recorded as the Company believes it is more likely than not that it will be unable to utilize these credits. GATX also had state net operating losses of $26.6 million, net of federal benefit, that are scheduled to expire at various times beginning in 2013. A $12.8 million valuation allowance has been recorded as the Company believes it is more likely than not that it will be unable to utilize all of these losses. Additionally, GATX has a foreign net operating loss of $9.5 million that has an unlimited carryforward period. Utilization of future tax credits and net operating losses will be dependent on a number of variables, including the amount of taxable income, foreign source income attributes and state apportionment factors.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in millions):
At December 31, 2012, GATX’s gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits was $4.7 million of which $3.2 million, if recognized, would favorably impact income tax expense. Subject to the completion of certain audits, the Company believes it is reasonably possible that, within the next 12 months, unrecognized tax benefits of $0.4 million may be recognized. During the year ended December 31, 2012, upon expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, GATX released a gross unrecognized tax benefit of $16.1 million (net tax expense impact of $15.5 million). During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company settled several open audit years resulting in the release of gross unrecognized tax benefits totaling $21.9 million (net tax expense impact of $4.8 million). The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. No amounts have been accrued for penalties. To the extent interest is not assessed or otherwise reduced with respect to uncertain tax positions, any required adjustment will be recorded as a reduction of income tax expense.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
GATX files numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, as well as various state and foreign jurisdictions. All federal examinations with respect to GATX’s U.S. tax returns for years prior to 2009 have been closed. The Company and its subsidiaries are undergoing audits in various state and foreign jurisdictions.
The components of income before income taxes, excluding domestic and foreign joint ventures, for the years ending December 31 consisted of (in millions):
GATX and its U.S. subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. Income taxes, excluding domestic and foreign joint ventures, for the years ending December 31 consisted of (in millions):
The reasons for the difference between GATX’s effective income tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate for the years ending December 31 were (in millions):
The 2012 effective income tax rate was impacted by the utilization of foreign tax credits offset by incremental income and withholding taxes on foreign dividends. Additionally, 2012 included a $15.5 million benefit that was recognized upon the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations. In each of 2011 and 2010, the effective income tax rate was impacted by the resolution of various foreign, federal,
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
and state tax audit issues. The adjustment for foreign earnings reflects the impact of lower tax rates on income earned at GATX's foreign subsidiaries.
State income taxes are provided on domestic pre-tax income or loss. The effect of state income tax on the overall income tax rate is impacted by the amount of domestic income subject to state taxes relative to total worldwide income.
NOTE 13. Concentrations
Concentration of Revenues - GATX’s revenues are derived from a wide range of industries and companies. Approximately 23% of total revenues are generated from customers in the chemical industry, 20% from the petroleum industry, 15% from transportation industry, 12% from the steel industry and 11% from the food/agriculture industries. GATX’s foreign identifiable revenues were primarily generated in the countries of Canada, Germany, Poland, Mexico and Austria.
Concentration of Credit Risk - The Company does not have any revenue concentrations from any particular customer for any of the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. Under its lease agreements with lessees, GATX typically retains legal ownership of the asset except where such assets have been financed by sale-leasebacks. GATX performs a credit evaluation prior to approval of a lease contract. Subsequently, the creditworthiness of the customer and the value of the collateral are monitored on an ongoing basis. GATX maintains an allowance for losses to provide for credit losses inherent in its reservable assets portfolio.
Concentration of Labor Force - As of December 31, 2012, 35% of GATX's employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements and 4% of GATX's employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements that have expired or will expire within the next year. The hourly employees at GATX’s U.S. service centers belong to the United Steelworkers. Employees at three of GATX’s Canadian service centers belong to the Communication, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada. The shipboard personnel at ASC belong to the American Maritime Officers and the Seafarers International Union.
NOTE 14. Commercial Commitments
In connection with certain investments or transactions, GATX has entered into various commercial commitments, such as guarantees and standby letters of credit, which could potentially require performance in the event of demands by third parties. Similar to GATX’s balance sheet investments, these guarantees expose GATX to credit, market and equipment risk; accordingly, GATX evaluates its commitments and other contingent obligations using techniques similar to those used to evaluate funded transactions.
The following table shows GATX’s commercial commitments as of December 31 (in millions):
__________________
(*)
At December 31, 2012, the carrying value of liabilities on the balance sheet for commercial commitments was $6.4 million. The expirations of these commitments range from 2013 to 2022. GATX is not aware of any event that would require it to satisfy any of these commitments.
Affiliate guarantees generally involve guaranteeing repayment of the financing utilized to acquire assets and are in lieu of making direct equity investments in the affiliate. Affiliate guarantees exclude an affiliate guarantee for which no stated maximum potential future payment is provided and for which the likelihood of performance under the guarantee is considered remote. GATX is not aware of any event that would require it to satisfy these guarantees and expects the affiliates to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy their financing obligations.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
Asset residual value guarantees represent GATX’s commitment to third parties that an asset or group of assets will be worth a specified amount at the end of a lease term. GATX earns an initial fee for providing these asset value guarantees, which is amortized into income over the guarantee period. Upon disposition of the assets, GATX receives a share of any proceeds in excess of the amount guaranteed and such residual sharing gains are recorded in net gain on asset dispositions. If, at the end of the lease term, the net realizable value of the asset is less than the guaranteed amount, any liability resulting from GATX’s performance pursuant to these guarantees will be reduced by the value realized from disposition of the asset.
Lease payment guarantees represent GATX’s guarantee of third-party lease payments to financial institutions. Any liability resulting from GATX’s performance pursuant to these guarantees will be reduced by the value realized from the underlying asset or group of assets.
GATX and its subsidiaries are also parties to standing letters of credit and performance bonds primarily related to workers’ compensation and general liability insurance coverages. No material claims have been made against these obligations and as of December 31, 2012, GATX does not expect any material losses to result from these obligations as performance is not anticipated to be required.
NOTE 15. Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share were computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each year. Shares issued or reacquired during the year, if applicable, were weighted for the portion of the year that they were outstanding. Diluted earnings per share give effect to potentially dilutive securities, including convertible preferred stock, employee stock options/SARs, restricted stock and convertible debt and equity compensation awards.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per common share for the years ending December 31 (in millions, except per share data):
NOTE 16. Goodwill
Goodwill was $91.7 million and $90.5 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. In the fourth quarter of 2012, GATX performed a review for impairment of goodwill, concluding that goodwill was not impaired. For 2012 and 2011, changes in the carrying amount of GATX’s goodwill, all of which pertains to Rail North America and Rail International, were the result of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
NOTE 17. Allowance for Losses
The following summarizes changes in the allowance for losses at December 31 (in millions):
The allowance for losses is comprised of general allowances for trade receivables and specific allowances for finance leases. As of December 31, 2012, general allowances for trade receivables were $3.4 million or 3.9% of rent and other receivables compared to $2.8 million or 3.7% at December 31, 2011. Specific allowances for finance leases were $1.2 million at December 31, 2012, compared to $9.0 million at December 31, 2011. The decrease in specific allowances was primarily related to the sale of a non-performing leveraged lease investment.
NOTE 18. Other Assets and Other Liabilities
The following table summarizes the components of Other Assets reported on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31 (in millions):
The following table summarizes the components of Other Liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31 (in millions):
NOTE 19. Shareholders’ Equity
In 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a $200 million common stock repurchase program of which $68.4 million was available as of December 31, 2012.
In accordance with GATX’s certificate of incorporation, 120 million shares of common stock are authorized, at a par value of $0.625 per share. As of December 31, 2012, 66.0 million shares were issued and 46.9 million shares were outstanding.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
The following shares of common stock were reserved as of December 31, 2012:
GATX’s certificate of incorporation also authorizes five million shares of preferred stock at a par value of $1.00 per share. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, 15,567 and 16,644 shares of preferred stock were outstanding, respectively. Shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding consist of Series A and B $2.50 cumulative convertible preferred stock, which entitle holders to a cumulative annual cash dividend of $2.50 per share. Each share is convertible at the option of the holder at any time into five shares of common stock. Each share of such preferred stock may be called for redemption by GATX at any time at $63.00 per share. In the event of GATX’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of such preferred stock will be entitled to receive $60.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends to the date of payment. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the aggregated liquidation preference of both series of preferred stocks was $0.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
Holders of both preferred and common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held. Except in certain instances, all such classes of stock vote together as a single class.
NOTE 20. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The change in components for accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows (in millions):
NOTE 21. Foreign Operations
Revenues are determined to be foreign or domestic based upon location of the customer. Assets are determined based on ownership of the assets. The Company did not derive revenues in excess of 10% of consolidated revenues from any one foreign country for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. At December 31, 2012, 8% and 7% of the Company’s identifiable assets were in Canada and Germany, respectively. At December 31, 2011, 9% and 8% of the Company’s identifiable assets were in Germany and Canada, respectively. At December 31, 2010, 10% of the Company’s identifiable assets were in Canada and Germany.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The table below presents certain GATX data for the years ending or as of December 31 (in millions):
NOTE 22. Legal Proceedings and Other Contingencies
Various legal actions, claims, assessments and other contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business are pending against GATX and certain of its subsidiaries. These matters are subject to many uncertainties, and it is possible that some of these matters could ultimately be decided, resolved or settled adversely.
Viareggio Derailment
On June 29, 2009, a train consisting of fourteen liquefied petroleum gas (“LPG”) tank cars owned by GATX Rail Austria GmbH (an indirect subsidiary of the Company, “GATX Rail Austria”) and its subsidiaries derailed while passing through the city of Viareggio, Italy. Five tank cars overturned and one of the overturned cars was punctured by a peg or obstacle along the side of the track, resulting in a release of LPG, which subsequently ignited. Thirty-two people died and others were injured in the fire, which also resulted in property damage. The LPG tank cars were leased to FS Logistica S.p.A., a subsidiary of the Italian state-owned railway, Ferrovie dello Stato S.p.A (the “Italian Railway”). On June 28, 2012, the Public Prosecutors of Lucca (“Public Prosecutors”) formally notified GATX Rail Austria and two of its subsidiaries (collectively, “GRA”), as well as several maintenance and supervisory employees (the “Employees”), that they had concluded their investigation of the Viareggio accident and intend to charge GRA and the Employees with various negligence-based crimes related to the accident, all of which are punishable under Italian law by incarceration, damages and fines. Similar notices were issued to, among others, four Italian Railway companies and eighteen of their employees. The Public Prosecutor’s report asserts that a crack in one of the tank car’s axles broke, causing the derailment and resulting in a tank car rupture and release of LPG, after the car hit an obstacle on the side of the track placed there by the Italian Railway. The report alleges that the crack was detectable at the time of final inspection but was overlooked by the Employees at the Jungenthal Waggon GmbH workshop (a subsidiary of GATX Rail Austria). The Company believes that GRA and its Employees acted diligently and properly with respect to applicable legal and industry standards and will present numerous scientific and technical defenses to the Public Prosecutor’s report in the forthcoming proceedings. With respect to claims for personal injuries and property damages, the Company and its subsidiaries maintain insurance for such losses, and the Company’s insurers are working cooperatively with the insurer for the Italian Railway to adjust and settle these claims. These joint settlement efforts have resolved the majority of asserted civil damage claims related to the accident, and joint efforts to resolve the remaining civil claims are ongoing. In addition to settling civil claims, the Company’s insurers have been providing reimbursement for legal defense costs, including the costs of criminal defense. One of the Company’s eleven insurers notified the Company that, with respect to its layer of coverage, it will not reimburse the costs of criminal defense, and another insurer has issued a general reservation of rights with respect to coverage of criminal defense costs. The Company is engaged in insurance coverage discussions with its insurers to attempt resolution of the issue. The Company cannot predict the outcome of those discussions or the amount of criminal defense costs that ultimately may not be reimbursed by that insurer. Additionally, the Company cannot predict the outcome of the foregoing legal proceedings or what other legal proceedings, if any, may be initiated against GRA or its personnel, and, therefore, cannot reasonably estimate the amount or range of loss (including criminal defense costs) that may ultimately be incurred in connection with this accident. Accordingly, the Company has not established any accruals with respect to this matter.
Other Litigation
GATX and its subsidiaries have been named as defendants in various other legal actions and claims, governmental proceedings and private civil suits arising in the ordinary course of business, including environmental matters, workers’ compensation claims and other personal injury claims. Some of these proceedings include claims for punitive as well as compensatory damages.
Several of the Company’s subsidiaries have also been named as defendants or co-defendants in cases alleging injury caused by exposure to asbestos. The plaintiffs seek an unspecified amount of damages based on common law, statutory or premises liability or, in the case
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
of ASC, the Jones Act, which provides limited remedies to certain maritime employees. As of January 31, 2013, there were 188 asbestos-related cases pending against the Company and its subsidiaries. Of the total number of pending cases, 156 are Jones Act claims, most of which were filed against ASC before the year 2000. During 2012, 12 new cases were filed, and 18 cases were dismissed without payment or otherwise settled for an immaterial amount. In addition, demand has been made against the Company for asbestos-related claims under limited indemnities given in connection with the sale of certain former subsidiaries of the Company. It is possible that the number of these cases or claims for indemnity could begin to grow and that the cost of these cases, including costs to defend, could correspondingly increase in the future.
Litigation Accruals
The Company has recorded accruals totaling $2.0 million at December 31, 2012, for losses related to those litigation matters that the Company believes to be probable and for which an amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. However, the Company cannot determine a reasonable estimate of the maximum possible loss or range of loss for these matters given that they are at various stages of the litigation process and each case is subject to the inherent uncertainties of litigation (such as the strength of the Company's legal defenses and the availability of insurance recovery). Although the maximum amount of liability that may ultimately result from any of these matters cannot be predicted with absolute certainty, management expects that none of the matters for which the Company has recorded an accrual, when ultimately resolved, will have a material adverse effect on GATX's consolidated financial position or liquidity. It is possible, however, that the ultimate resolution of one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations in a particular quarter or year if such resolution results in liability that materially exceeds the accrued amount.
In addition, other litigation matters are pending for which the Company has not recorded any accruals because the Company's potential liability for those matters is not probable or cannot be reasonably estimated based on currently available information. For those matters where the Company has not recorded an accrual but a loss is reasonably possible, the Company cannot determine a reasonable estimate of the maximum possible loss or range of loss for these matters given that they are at various stages of the litigation process and each case is subject to the inherent uncertainties of litigation (such as the strength of the Company's legal defenses and the availability of insurance recovery). Although the maximum amount of liability that may ultimately result from any of these matters cannot be predicted with absolute certainty, management expects that none of the matters for which the Company has not recorded an accrual, when ultimately resolved, will have a material adverse effect on GATX's consolidated financial position or liquidity. It is possible, however, that the ultimate resolution of one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations in a particular quarter or year if such resolution results in a significant liability for the Company.
Environmental
The Company's operations are subject to extensive federal, state and local environmental regulations. GATX's operating procedures include practices to protect the environment from the risks inherent in full service railcar leasing, which involves maintaining railcars used by customers to transport chemicals and other hazardous materials. Additionally, some of GATX's real estate holdings, including previously owned properties, are or have been used for industrial or transportation-related purposes or leased to commercial or industrial companies whose activities might have resulted in discharges on the property. As a result, GATX is subject to environmental cleanup and enforcement actions. In particular, the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), also known as the Superfund law, as well as similar state laws, impose joint and several liability for cleanup and enforcement costs on current and former owners and operators of a site without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct. If there are other potentially responsible parties (“PRPs”), GATX generally contributes to the cleanup of these sites through cost-sharing agreements with terms that vary from site to site. Costs are typically allocated based on the relative volumetric contribution of material, the period of time the site was owned or operated, and/or the portion of the site owned or operated by each PRP.
At the time a potential environmental issue is identified, initial accruals for environmental liability are established when such liability is probable and a reasonable estimate of the associated costs can be made. Costs are estimated based on the type and level of investigation and/or remediation activities that the Company's internal environmental staff (and where appropriate, independent consultants) have determined to be necessary to comply with applicable laws and regulations. Activities include surveys and environmental studies of potentially contaminated sites as well as costs for remediation and restoration of sites determined to be contaminated. In addition, GATX has provided indemnities for potential environmental liabilities to buyers of divested companies. In these instances, accruals are based on the scope and duration of the respective indemnities together with the extent of known contamination. Estimates are periodically reviewed and adjusted as required to reflect additional information about facility or site characteristics or changes in regulatory requirements. GATX conducts a quarterly environmental contingency analysis, which considers a combination of factors including independent consulting reports, site visits, legal reviews, analysis of the likelihood of participation in and the ability of other PRPs to pay for cleanup, and historical trend analyses.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
GATX is involved in administrative and judicial proceedings and other voluntary and mandatory cleanup efforts at 17 sites, including Superfund sites, at which it is contributing to the cost of performing the study or cleanup, or both, of alleged environmental contamination. As of December 31, 2012, GATX has recorded accruals of $15.6 million for remediation and restoration costs that the Company believes to be probable and for which the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. These amounts are included in other liabilities on GATX's balance sheet. GATX's environmental liabilities are not discounted.
The Company did not materially change its methodology for identifying and calculating environmental liabilities in the last three years. Currently, no known trends, demands, commitments, events or uncertainties exist that are reasonably likely to occur and materially affect the methodology or assumptions described above.
The recorded accruals represent the Company's best estimate of all costs for remediation and restoration of affected sites, without reduction for anticipated recoveries from third parties, and include both asserted and unasserted claims. However, the Company is unable to provide a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential loss associated with these sites because cleanup costs cannot be predicted with certainty. Various factors beyond the Company's control can impact the amount of loss the Company will ultimately incur with respect to these sites, including the extent of corrective actions that may be required; evolving environmental laws and regulations; advances in environmental technology, the extent of other parties' participation in cleanup efforts; developments in periodic environmental analyses related to sites determined to be contaminated, and developments in environmental surveys and studies of potentially contaminated sites. As a result, future charges associated with these sites could have a significant effect on results of operations in a particular quarter or year if the costs materially exceed the accrued amount as individual site studies and remediation and restoration efforts proceed. However, management believes it is unlikely that the ultimate cost to GATX for any of these sites, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on GATX's consolidated financial position or liquidity.
NOTE 23. Financial Data of Business Segments
The financial data presented below depicts the profitability, financial position and capital expenditures of each of GATX’s business segments.
Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, GATX Corporation (“GATX” or the “Company”) leases, operates, manages and remarkets long-lived, widely-used assets, primarily in the rail and marine markets. GATX also invests in joint ventures that complement existing business activities. In 2012, the Company modified the composition of its reportable segments to reflect an increasing focus on international growth and related changes in its management structure. As a result, the Company now reports financial results through four primary business segments: Rail North America, Rail International, American Steamship Company (“ASC”) and Portfolio Management. In 2012, GATX disaggregated Rail North America from other international railcar leasing operations to better reflect GATX's increasing focus on international rail growth and recent changes to its management structure. Segment disclosures for all years are presented on this basis.
Rail North America is comprised of GATX's wholly-owned operations in the United States, Canada and Mexico, as well as two affiliate investments. Rail North America primarily provides railcars pursuant to full-service leases under which it maintains the railcars, pays ad valorem taxes and insurance and provides other ancillary services.
Rail International is comprised of GATX's wholly-owned European operations ("Rail Europe") and its newly established railcar leasing business in India ("Rail India"), as well as two affiliate investments. Rail Europe leases railcars, predominantly tank cars to customers throughout Europe pursuant to full-service leases under which it maintains the railcars and provides insurance and other ancillary services.
ASC operates the largest fleet of U.S. flagged vessels on the Great Lakes, providing waterborne transportation of dry bulk commodities such as iron ore, coal, limestone aggregates and metallurgical limestone.
Portfolio Management is an aggregation of a group of diversified owned assets and joint venture investments ("affiliates") and provides leasing, asset remarketing and asset management services. Portfolio Management selectively invests in long-lived, widely used assets with a focus on domestic marine and container related equipment and extends its market reach through affiliate investments.
Segment profit is an internal performance measure used by the Chief Executive Officer to assess the performance of each segment in a given period. Segment profit includes all revenues, pre-tax earnings from affiliates and net gains on asset dispositions that are attributable to the segments as well as expenses that management believes are directly associated with the financing, maintenance and operation of the revenue earning assets. Segment profit excludes selling, general and administrative expenses, income taxes and certain other amounts not allocated to the segments. These amounts are included in Other.
GATX allocates debt balances and related interest expense to each segment based upon a pre-determined fixed recourse leverage level
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
expressed as a ratio of recourse debt (including off balance sheet debt) to equity. The leverage levels for Rail North America, Rail International, ASC and Portfolio Management are set at 5:1,2:1, 1.5:1 and 3:1, respectively. Management believes that by utilizing this leverage and interest expense allocation methodology, each operating segment’s financial performance reflects appropriate risk-adjusted borrowing costs.
The following tables present certain segment data for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 (in millions):
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
NOTE 24. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)
___________________
(a)
Total revenues and net income in the first quarter of each year are typically lower than the subsequent quarters due to seasonal inactivity at ASC.
(b)
The decrease in income from the first quarter of 2012 was primarily due to a $12.1 million loss on the termination of a qualified hedge at GATX's AAE Cargo affiliate, partially offset by an increase in seasonal income at ASC.
(c)
The increase in income from the second quarter of 2012 was primarily due to the absence of the hedge loss at AAE and the recognition of $15.5 million of tax benefits.
Item 9.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Management’s Report Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have conducted an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on such evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s Report Regarding the Effectiveness of Internal Control and Procedures
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act for the Company. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
(i)
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
(ii)
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
(iii)
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate as a result of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the applicable policies and procedures may deteriorate.
The Company’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has conducted an evaluation of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the period covered by this annual report based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Such evaluation included reviewing the documentation of the Company’s internal controls, evaluating the design effectiveness of the internal controls and testing their operating effectiveness.
Based on such evaluation, the Company’s management has concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.
Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included in this annual report, has issued a report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. That report follows.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of GATX Corporation and subsidiaries
We have audited GATX Corporation and subsidiaries' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). GATX Corporation and subsidiaries' management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report Regarding the Effectiveness of Internal Control and Procedures. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, GATX Corporation and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012 based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of GATX Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 of GATX Corporation and subsidiaries and our report dated February 26, 2013, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
No change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2012, that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
Item 10.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information required by this item regarding directors, the Company’s Code of Ethics, the Audit Committee Financial Expert, compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act and corporate governance is contained in sections entitled “Nominees For Election to the Board of Directors”, “Additional Information Concerning Director Nominees”, “Board of Directors”, “Board Independence”, “Committees of the Board”, “Process for Identifying and Evaluating Director Nominees”, “Communication with the Board”, “Compensation Committee Report”, “Audit Committee Report” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in GATX’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 15, 2013, which sections are incorporated herein by reference.
Information regarding executive officers is included after Item 1 in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 11.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information required by this item regarding compensation of directors and executive officers of GATX is contained in sections entitled “Director Compensation”, “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”, “Executive Compensation Tables” and “Compensation Committee Report” in GATX’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 15, 2013, which sections are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information required by this item regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is contained in sections entitled “Security Ownership of Management” and “Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock” in GATX’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 15, 2013, which sections are incorporated herein by reference.
Equity Compensation Plan Information as of December 31, 2012:
__________
(1)
Consists of 1,871,526 stock options and stock appreciation rights outstanding, 189,206 performance shares, 266,990 restricted shares and 135,261 phantom stock units.
(2)
The weighted-average exercise price does not include performance shares, restricted stock or phantom stock units.
See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for further details regarding the Company’s share-based compensation plans.
Item 13.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information required by this item regarding transactions with related persons and director independence is contained in the sections entitled “Related Person Transactions” and “Board Independence” in GATX’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 15, 2013, which sections are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Information required by this item regarding fees paid to Ernst & Young is contained in sections entitled “Audit Fees”, “Audit Related Fees”, “Tax Fees”, “All Other Fees” and “Pre-Approval Policy” in GATX’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 15, 2013, which sections are incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 15.
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) 1. Financial Statements
2.
Financial Statement Schedules:
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and, therefore, have been omitted.
3. Exhibits. See the Exhibit Index included herewith and incorporated by reference hereto.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
GATX CORPORATION
(Registrant)
/s/ BRIAN A. KENNEY
Brian A. Kenney
Chairman, President and
Chief Executive Officer
February 26, 2013
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
/s/ BRIAN A. KENNEY
Chairman, President and
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Brian A. Kenney
February 26, 2013
/s/ ROBERT C. LYONS
Executive Vice President
and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Robert C. Lyons
February 26, 2013
/s/ WILLIAM M. MUCKIAN
Senior Vice President, Controller
and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
William M. Muckian
February 26, 2013
Anne L. Arvia
Director
Ernst A. Häberli
Director
Mark G. McGrath
Director
James B. Ream
Director
Robert J. Ritchie
Director
David S. Sutherland
Director
Casey J. Sylla
Director
Paul G. Yovovich
Director
By /s/ DEBORAH A. GOLDEN
Executive Vice President, General
Counsel and Corporate Secretary
(Attorney in Fact)
Deborah A. Golden
February 26, 2013
SCHEDULE I - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
GATX CORPORATION
(Parent Company)
BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions)
The accompanying note is an integral part of these financial statements.
SCHEDULE I - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (CONT’D)
GATX CORPORATION
(Parent Company)
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
The accompanying note is an integral part of these financial statements.
SCHEDULE I - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (CONT’D)
GATX CORPORATION
(Parent Company)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
The accompanying note is an integral part of these financial statements.
Note to Condensed Financial Statements
Basis of Presentation
The condensed financial statements represent the Balance Sheets, Statements of Comprehensive Income and Cash Flows of GATX Corporation (“GATX” or the “Company”), the parent company. In these parent company financial statements, GATX’s investment in subsidiaries and joint ventures (collectively "Affiliates") is stated at cost plus equity in undistributed earnings since the date of acquisition. The Company’s share of net income from Affiliates is recorded using the equity method. GATX’s parent company financial statements should be read in conjunction with its consolidated financial statements.
EXHIBIT INDEX
__________
(*)
Compensatory Plans or Arrangements