Item 1. Business
Unless the context requires otherwise, “we,” “us” or “our” refers to Stericycle, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
Overview
Services
We are in the business of managing regulated waste and providing an array of related and complementary services. We operate in the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
The regulated waste services we provide include medical waste disposal, our Steri-Safe® medical waste and compliance program, our Clinical Services program, our Bio Systems® reusable sharps disposal management services, pharmaceutical waste disposal, and hazardous waste disposal.
In addition to our regulated waste services, we offer regulated returns and recall management services, patient communications services, and medical safety products. Our regulated returns and recall management services help pharmacies and manufacturers handle the return of unused and expired pharmaceuticals. Through ExpertRECALL™, we manage all aspects of a product recall or withdrawal for pharmaceutical, medical device, and consumer product manufacturers in a manner compliant with applicable regulations. ExpertRETRIEVAL/QA™ performs retail quality audits, consumer complaint retrieval and product retrieval services, and brand integrity monitoring for retailers, manufacturers, and other businesses. We also provide communications services to healthcare providers to improve office productivity and communications with patients.
We operate integrated national regulated waste management networks in the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Our worldwide networks include a total of 175 processing or combined processing and collection sites and 154 additional transfer, collection or combined transfer and collection sites. Our regulated waste processing technologies include autoclaving, our proprietary electro-thermal-deactivation system (“ETD”), chemical treatment and incineration.
Customers
We serve approximately 522,000 customers worldwide, of which approximately 16,000 are large-quantity generators, such as hospitals, blood banks and pharmaceutical manufacturers, and approximately 506,000 are small-quantity generators, such as outpatient clinics, medical and dental offices, long-term and sub-acute care facilities, veterinary offices, municipalities and retail pharmacies.
For large-quantity generators of regulated waste such as hospitals and for pharmaceutical companies and distributors, we offer:
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our regulated waste management services;
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our Bio Systems® reusable sharps disposal management services to reduce the risk of needle sticks;
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our pharmaceutical waste services;
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our Integrated Waste Stream Solutions (IWSS) program;
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a variety of products and services for infection control;
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our regulated returns and recall management services for expired or recalled products; and
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a variety of patient communications services.
For small-quantity generators of regulated waste such as doctors’ offices and for retail pharmacies, we offer:
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our regulated waste management services;
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our Steri-Safe® OSHA, HIPAA compliance, and clinical services programs;
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a variety of products and services for infection control;
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our regulated returns and recall management services for expired or recalled products; and
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a variety of patient communications services.
We benefit from significant customer diversification. No one customer accounts for more than 1.5% of our total revenues, and our top ten customers account for approximately 6% of total revenues.
Industry Overview
Governmental legislation and regulation increasingly requires the proper handling and disposal of regulated waste which includes such items as medical waste, hazardous waste, and pharmaceutical waste. Regulated medical waste is generally any medical waste that can cause an infectious disease and includes: single-use disposable items, such as needles, syringes, gloves and other medical supplies; cultures and stocks of infectious agents; and blood and blood products. Regulated pharmaceutical waste consists of expired or recalled pharmaceuticals.
We believe that in 2011 the size of the global market for regulated waste and other services we provide was approximately $15.0 billion. Industry growth is driven by a number of factors. These factors include:
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Aging of Population: The average age of the population in the countries we operate in is rising. As people age, they typically require more medical attention and a wider variety of tests, procedures and medications, leading to an increase in the quantity of regulated waste generated.
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Pressure to Reduce Healthcare Costs: The healthcare industry is under pressure to reduce costs. We believe that our services can help healthcare providers to reduce their handling and compliance costs and to reduce their potential liability for employee exposure to bloodborne pathogens and other infectious agents. In addition, hospital institutions continue to outsource service which we can provide.
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Environmental and Safety Regulation: We believe that many businesses that are not currently using third party regulated waste management services are unaware either of the need for proper training of employees or of the requirements of OSHA and other regulations regarding the handling of regulated waste. These businesses include manufacturing facilities, schools, restaurants, hotels and other businesses where employees may come into contact with bloodborne pathogens or handle hazardous materials. Similarly, the proper handling of expired or recalled products requires an expertise that many businesses lack or find inefficient to provide.
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Shift to Off-Site Treatment: We believe that patient care is continuing to shift from institutional higher-cost acute-care settings to less expensive, smaller, off-site treatment alternatives, with a resulting increase in the number of regulated waste generators that cannot treat their own regulated waste.
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Control of Drug Diversion: The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”) has recently emphasized improved control of the handling and shipment of controlled substances to prevent diversion and counterfeiting, thus increasing the utility to pharmaceutical manufacturers and distributors of a returns service for expired or recalled pharmaceuticals.
Competitive Strengths
We believe that we benefit from the following competitive strengths, among others:
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Broad Range of Services: We offer our customers a broad range of services. We work with businesses across a number of industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, and retail to safely and efficiently dispose of regulated materials, ensure regulatory compliance, improve employee and customer safety, protect their brands, improve communications with patients, and manage corporate and personal risk.
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Established Network of Processing and Transportation Locations in Each Country: We believe that our network of locations results in a very efficient operation.
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Diverse Customer Base and Revenue and Cost Stability: We have a diverse customer base and contractual relationships in all the markets in which we operate. We are also generally protected from the cost of regulatory changes or increases in fuel, insurance or other operating costs because our regulated waste contracts typically allow us to adjust our prices to reflect these cost changes.
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Strong Sales Network and Proprietary Database: We use both telemarketing and direct sales efforts to obtain new customers for our regulated waste and other services. In addition, we have a large database of potential new small-quantity customers, which we believe gives us a competitive advantage in identifying and reaching this higher-margin sector.
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Experienced Senior Management Team: We have experienced leadership. Our five most senior executives collectively have over 125 years of management experience in the health care, consumer and waste management industries.
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Ability to Integrate Acquisitions: Since 1993 we have completed 258 acquisitions in the United States and internationally and have demonstrated a consistent ability to integrate our acquisitions into our operations successfully.
Our goals are to strengthen our position as a leading provider of regulated waste and compliance services and to continue to improve our profitability. Components of our strategy to achieve these goals include:
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Expand Range of Services and Products: We believe that we continue to have opportunities to expand our business by increasing the range of products and services that we offer our existing regulated waste customers. For example, to small-quantity customers, we offer OSHA compliance services through our Steri-Safe® program and patient communications services; to large-quantity customers, we offer our Bio Systems® reusable sharps management program, our pharmaceutical waste disposal services and patient communications services.
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Improve Margins: We intend to continue working to improve our margins by increasing our base of small-quantity customers and focusing on service strategies that more efficiently meet the needs of our large-quantity customers. We have succeeded in raising the percentage of our domestic regulated waste revenues from small-quantity customers from 33% for the fourth quarter of 1996 to 63% for 2011.
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Seek Complementary Acquisitions: We intend to continue to seek opportunities to acquire businesses that expand our networks and service capabilities in the United States and internationally that will increase our customer base. We believe that selective acquisitions can enable us to improve our operating efficiencies through increased utilization of our service infrastructure.
Acquisitions
We have substantial experience in evaluating potential acquisitions and determining whether a particular business can be integrated into our operations with minimal disruption. Once a business is acquired, we implement programs and procedures to improve customer service, sales, marketing, routing, equipment utilization, employee productivity, operating efficiency and overall profitability.
We completed 258 acquisitions from 1993 through 2011, with 164 in the United States and 94 internationally.
During 2011, we completed 45 acquisitions, of which 21 were domestic businesses in regulated waste, patient communications, or returns management services business and of which 24 were international regulated waste businesses in Latin America, Europe, and Japan.
International
We conduct regulated waste operations in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom. We began our operations in Canada and Mexico in 1998, Argentina in 1999, the United Kingdom in 2004, Ireland in 2006, Chile in 2008, Romania and Portugal in 2009, Brazil and Japan in 2010, and Spain in 2011. Our international service offerings are primarily medical waste disposal. We also have started an international presence with our Returns and Quality Audit program managed through returns and recall management services. While our international customers are primarily large quantity generators, we are expanding our small quantity customer base through programs similar to our Steri-Safe program such as Stericycle Clinical Services (“SCS”) in Canada and select countries in Europe.
Regulated Waste Services and Operations
Collection and Transportation: In many respects, our regulated waste business is one of logistics. Efficiency of collection and transportation of regulated waste is a critical element of our operations because it represents the largest component of our operating costs.
For regulated waste, we supply specially designed reusable leak-resistant and puncture-resistant plastic containers to most of our large-quantity customers and many of our larger small-quantity customers. To assure regulatory compliance, we will not accept regulated waste from customers unless it complies with our acceptance protocols and is properly packaged in containers that we have either supplied or approved.
We collect containers or corrugated boxes of regulated waste from our customers depending upon customer requirements, contract terms and volume of waste generated. The waste is then transported directly to one of our processing facilities or to one of our transfer stations where it is combined with other regulated waste and transported to a processing facility.
Transfer stations allow us to temporarily hold small loads of waste until they can be consolidated into full truckloads and transported to a processing facility. Our use of transfer stations in a “hub and spoke” configuration improves the efficiency of our collection and transportation operations by expanding the geographic area that a particular processing facility can serve thereby increasing utilization of the facility by increasing the volume of waste that it processes.
We collect some expired or recalled products, but more typically, customers ship them directly to our processing facilities.
Processing and Disposal: Upon arrival at a processing facility, containers or boxes of regulated waste are typically scanned to verify that they do not contain any unacceptable substances like radioactive material. Any container or box that is discovered to contain unacceptable waste is returned to the customer and the appropriate regulatory authorities are informed.
The regulated waste is then processed using one of our various treatment or processing technologies. Upon completion of the particular process, the resulting waste or incinerator ash is transported for resource recovery, recycling or disposal in a landfill owned by an unaffiliated third party. After plastic containers such as our Steri-Tub® or Bio Systems® containers have been emptied, they are washed, sanitized and returned to customers for re-use.
Upon receipt at a processing facility, expired or recalled products are counted and logged, and controlled substances are stored securely. In accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, expired or recalled products are then returned to the manufacturer or destroyed in compliance with applicable regulations.
Documentation: We provide complete documentation to our customers for all regulated waste that we collect in accordance with applicable regulations and customer requirements.
Processing Technologies
We currently use both non-incineration technologies (autoclaving, our proprietary ETD technology, and chemical treatment) and incineration technologies for treating regulated waste.
Stericycle was founded on the belief that there was a need for safe, secure and environmentally responsible management of regulated medical waste. From our beginning, we have championed the use of non-incineration treatment technologies such as our ETD process. While we recognize that some state regulations currently in force mandate that some types of regulated waste must be incinerated, we also know from years of experience working with our customers that there are ways to reduce the amount of regulated waste that is ultimately incinerated. The most effective strategy that we have seen involves comprehensive education of our customers in waste minimization and segregation.
Autoclaving: Autoclaving treats regulated waste with steam at high temperature and pressure to kill pathogens. Autoclaving alone does not change the appearance of waste, and some landfill operators may not accept recognizable regulated waste. In this case, autoclaving may be combined with a shredding or grinding process to render the regulated waste unrecognizable.
ETD: Our ETD treatment process includes a system for grinding regulated waste. After grinding, ETD uses an oscillating field of low-frequency radio waves to heat regulated waste to temperatures that destroy pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and yeast without melting the plastic content of the waste. ETD does not produce regulated air or water emissions.
Incineration: Incineration burns regulated waste at elevated temperatures and reduces it to ash. Incineration reduces the volume of waste, and it is the recommended treatment and disposal option for some types of regulated waste such as anatomical waste or residues from chemotherapy procedures. Air emissions from incinerators can contain certain byproducts that are subject to federal, state and, in some cases, local regulation. In some circumstances, the ash byproduct of incineration may be regulated.
Chem-Clave: Chemclaving treats regulated waste using high heat, chemicals, pressure, and a steam auger to kill pathogens. The waste is treated in a sealed container while the auger shreds the waste, making it unrecognizable while exposing more surface area of the waste to the steam. After shredding and treatment, the waste residue is sterile and safe for landfill.
Marketing and Sales
Marketing Strategy: We use both telemarketing and direct sales efforts to obtain new customers. In addition, our drivers may also participate in our regulated waste marketing efforts by actively soliciting small-quantity customers they service.
Small-Quantity Customers: We target small-quantity customers as a growth area of our regulated waste business. We believe that when small-quantity regulated waste customers view the potential risks of failing to comply with applicable regulations they value the services that we provide. We consider this factor to be the basis for the higher gross margins that we have achieved with our small-quantity customers relative to our large-quantity customers. We believe that the same potential exists in processing returns of expired products for smaller customers.
Steri-Safe® and Patient Communication Services: Our domestic Steri-Safe® OSHA compliance program provides an integrated regulated waste management and compliance-assistance service for small-quantity customers who typically lack the internal personnel and systems to comply with OSHA regulations. Customers for our Steri-Safe® service pay a predetermined subscription fee in advance for regulated waste collection and processing services and can also choose from available packages of training and education services and products designed to help them to comply with OSHA regulations. We believe that the implementation of our Steri-Safe® service provides us with an enhanced opportunity to leverage our existing customer base through the program’s prepayment structure and diversified product and service offerings. In 2010 and 2011, we introduced a similar program called Clinical Services in Canada, Ireland, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. We offer a variety of services to healthcare providers designed to enhance office productivity and efficiency and to improve communications with patients. We also serve hospitals and larger facilities. We believe that our patient communications services afford us an opportunity to leverage our existing small-quantity customer base.
Mail-Back Program: We also operate a domestic “mail-back” program by which we can reach small-quantity regulated waste customers located in outlying areas that would be inefficient to serve using our regular route structure. Our mail-back program has allowed us to service customers as far away as Hawaii, Alaska, Guam, and the Virgin Islands. Our mail-back program is also used in home care patient settings.
Large-Quantity Customers: Our marketing efforts to large-quantity customers are conducted by account executives, service specialists and healthcare compliance specialists focused on serving as a trusted advisor to our customers. In this role, our field resources provide advice, training and consultative services to assist our large-quantity customers reach their objectives of staying in compliance with local, state, and federal regulations, reducing their impact on the environment, and maintaining a safe work environment for their staff and patients.
We offer singular waste stream services, including regulated waste management services and Sharps Management Service featuring our Bio Systems® reusable containers. Additionally, we have the ability to manage the full spectrum of waste streams generated by a facility with our Integrated Waste Stream Solutions service. Many of Stericycle’s large quantity services deliver fully integrated/ turnkey solutions which include program design, clinical staff education, implementation support, onsite service personnel and the necessary service equipment to support each program.
National Accounts: As a result of our extensive geographic coverage, we are capable of servicing national account customers (i.e., customers requiring regulated waste management services at various geographically dispersed locations).
Contracts: We have multi-year contracts with the majority of our customers. We negotiate individual contracts with each customer. Although we have several standard forms of contract, terms may vary depending upon the customer’s service requirements and the volume of regulated waste generated and, in some jurisdictions, statutory and regulatory requirements. Substantially all of our contracts with small-quantity customers contain automatic renewal provisions.
Competition
The industries and markets in which we operate are highly competitive, and barriers to entry into the regulated waste collection and disposal business, the pharmaceutical returns business, and the patient communications business are very low. Our competitors consist of many different types of service providers, including a large number of regional and local companies. In the regulated waste industry, another major source of competition is the on-site treatment of regulated waste by some large-quantity generators, particularly hospitals. Similarly, customers could handle patient communications internally.
In addition, in the regulated waste industry we face potential competition from businesses that are attempting to commercialize alternate treatment technologies or products designed to reduce or eliminate the generation of regulated waste, such as reusable or degradable medical products.
Governmental Regulation
The regulated waste industry is subject to extensive regulations. In many countries there are multiple regulatory agencies at the local and national level that affect our services. This statutory and regulatory framework imposes a variety of compliance requirements, including requirements to obtain and maintain government permits. We maintain numerous governmental permits, registrations, and licenses to conduct our business in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Our permits vary by jurisdiction based upon our activities within that jurisdiction and on the applicable laws and regulations of that jurisdiction. These permits grant us the authority, among other things:
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to construct and operate collection, transfer and processing facilities;
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to transport regulated waste within and between relevant jurisdictions; and
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to handle particular regulated substances.
Our permits must be periodically renewed and are subject to modification or revocation by the issuing authority.
We are also subject to regulations that govern the definition, generation, segregation, handling, packaging, transportation, treatment, storage and disposal of regulated waste. In addition, we are subject to extensive regulations designed to minimize employee exposure to regulated waste.
U.S. Federal and Foreign Regulation: We are subject to substantial and dynamic regulations enacted and enforced by the U.S. government and by the governments of the foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct regulated waste operations. The specific statutory and regulatory requirements we must comply with vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The laws governing our domestic and international operations generally consist of statutes and regulations concerning environmental protection, employee health and welfare, transportation, the use of the mails, and controlled substances.
Environmental Protection: Our business is subject to extensive and evolving environmental regulations in all of the geographies in which we operate. Generally, the environmental laws we are subject to regulate the handling, transporting, and disposing of hazardous and non-hazardous waste, the release or threatened release of hazardous substances into the environment, the discharge of pollutants into streams, rivers, groundwater and other surface waters, and the emission of pollutants into the air. The principal environmental laws that govern our operations in the U.S. are the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (“RCRA”), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”), and the Clean Air Act of 1970. Though medical waste is currently considered non-hazardous solid waste under RCRA, some substances we collect from some of our customers, including photographic fixer developer solutions, lead foils and dental amalgam, are considered hazardous waste. CERCLA and state laws similar to it may impose strict, joint and several liability on the current and former owners and operators of facilities from which release of hazardous substances has occurred and on the generators and transporters of the hazardous substances that come to be located at these facilities. The six incinerators we currently operate in the U.S. must comply with the emissions standards imposed by the applicable states pursuant to regulations implemented under the Clean Air Act.
Examples of environmental laws applicable to our international operations include the Waste Framework Directive, the Environmental Liabilities Directive, the IPPC (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) Directive, the Waste Incineration Directive in the European Union (“EU”), the Waste Management Act in Ireland, Ley 154 (Residuos Patogenicos) in Argentina, Lei 12.305/2010 (Lei Ordinária) Institui A Política Nacional De Resíduos Sólidos in Brazil, and the Canadian Environmental Protection Act and related regulations in Canada.
Employee Health and Welfare: We are also subject to numerous regulations enacted to protect and promote worker health and welfare through the implementation and enforcement of standards designed to prevent illness, injury and death in the workplace. The primary law relating to employee health and welfare applicable to our
business in the U.S. is the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, which establishes certain employer responsibilities including maintenance of a workplace free of recognized hazards likely to cause illness, death or serious injury, compliance with standards promulgated by OSHA, and assorted reporting and record keeping obligations as well as disclosure and procedural requirements. Various OSHA standards apply to certain aspects of our operations and govern such matters as exposure to bloodborne pathogens and other potentially infectious materials.
Employee health and welfare laws governing our business in foreign jurisdictions include the Workplace Health and Safety Directive and the Directive concerning ionizing radiation in the EU, and various provisions of the Canada Labour Code and related regulations in Canada.
Transportation: Various laws regulating the transportation of waste and other potentially dangerous materials also apply to the services we provide. In the U.S., the Department of Transportation (“DOT”) has adopted regulations that require us to package and label regulated waste in compliance with designated standards, and which incorporate bloodborne pathogens standards issued by OSHA. Under these standards, we must, among other things, identify our packaging with a “biohazard” marking on the outer packaging, and our regulated waste container must be sufficiently rigid and strong to prevent tearing or bursting. It must also be puncture-resistant, leak-resistant, properly sealed and impervious to moisture. Expired or recalled pharmaceuticals are subject to substantially the same DOT regulations as medical waste. We identify these products by their National Drug Code number and classify them by their handling, transportation and disposal requirements.
Examples of transportation laws we must comply with internationally include the Directive on the Inland Transportation of Dangerous Goods in the EU and the Transport of Dangerous Goods Act and related regulations in Canada.
Use of the Mails: Certain regulations governing the use of the mails in the U.S. apply to a particular component of our sharps management services, requiring us to obtain and maintain permits from the U.S. Postal Service (“USPS”). We have obtained permits from the USPS to conduct our “mail-back” program, pursuant to which customers mail approved containers of “sharps” (needles, knives, broken glass and the like) directly to our treatment facilities.
Controlled Substances: In the U.S., our regulated returns and recall management services business is subject to certain laws regulating controlled substances. Our returns service for expired and recalled pharmaceuticals is required to comply with Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”) regulations relating to the approval and permitting of processing facilities, management of employees engaged in the collection, processing and disposal of controlled substances, and proper documentation and reporting to the DEA.
U.S. and Foreign Local Regulation: We conduct business in all 50 states and Puerto Rico. Each state has its own regulations related to the handling, treatment and storage of regulated waste. Although there are many differences among the various state laws and regulations, for regulated waste many states have followed the model under the state RCRA equivalent. In each state where we operate a processing facility or a transfer station, we are required to comply with numerous state and local laws and regulations as well as our operating plan for applicable facilities. In addition, many local governments have ordinances and regulations, such as zoning and health regulations that affect our operations. Similarly, our international operations are subject to regulations enacted and enforced at the provincial, municipal, and local levels of government in addition to the national regulations with which we must comply.
Patents and Proprietary Rights
We hold United States patents relating to the ETD treatment process and other aspects of processing regulated waste. We have filed or have been assigned patent applications in several foreign countries and we have received patents in Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The last of our current United States patents relating to our ETD treatment process expires in January 2019.
We own federal registrations for trademarks/servicemarks including Stericycle®, Steri-Safe®, Steri-Fuel®, Steri-Plastic®, Steri-Tub®, Direct Return®, Stericycle ExpertRECALL®, Sustainable Solutions®, and a service mark consisting of a nine-circle design.
Potential Liability and Insurance
The regulated waste industry involves potentially significant risks of statutory, contractual, tort and common law liability claims. Potential liability claims could involve, for example:
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cleanup costs;
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personal injury;
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damage to the environment;
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employee matters;
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property damage; or
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alleged negligence or professional errors or omissions in the planning or performance of work.
We could also be subject to fines or penalties in connection with violations of regulatory requirements.
We carry $35 million of liability insurance (including umbrella coverage), and under a separate policy, $10 million of aggregate pollution and legal liability insurance ($10 million per incident), which we consider sufficient to meet regulatory and customer requirements and to protect our employees, assets and operations.
Employees
As of December 31, 2011, we had 10,249 full-time and 873 part-time employees, of which 6,877 were employed in the United States and 4,245 internationally. A total of ten collective bargaining agreements with local unions of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters and Private Sanitation Union cover 413 of our U.S. drivers, transportation helpers and plant workers. These agreements expire at various dates through June 2015. We also have approximately 1,040 employees in Latin America, 80 employees in Canada, and 20 employees in Europe under collective bargaining agreements. We consider our employee relations to be satisfactory.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
The following table contains certain information regarding our five current executive officers:
Mark C. Miller has served as our Chief Executive Officer since joining us in May 1992 and as our Chairman of the Board of Directors since August 2008. In February 2012, the Board of Directors selected Mr. Miller to become Executive Chairman of the Board and Charlie Alutto to succeed him as our Chief Executive Officer effective January 1, 2013. From May 1989 until he joined us, Mr. Miller served as vice president for the Pacific, Asia and Africa in the International Division of Abbott Laboratories, which he joined in 1976 and where he held a number of management and marketing positions. Mr. Miller received a B.S. degree in computer science from Purdue University, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa.
Richard T. Kogler joined us as Chief Operating Officer in January 1999. From May 1995 through October 1998, Mr. Kogler was vice president and chief operating officer of American Disposal Services, Inc., a solid waste management company. From October 1984 through May 1995, Mr. Kogler served in a variety of management positions with Waste Management, Inc. Mr. Kogler received a B.A. degree in chemistry from St. Louis University.
Frank J.M. ten Brink has served as our Executive Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer since June 1997. From 1991 until 1996 he served as chief financial officer of Hexacomb Corporation, and from 1996 until joining us, he served as chief financial officer of Telular Corporation. Prior to 1991, he held various financial management positions with Interlake Corporation and Continental Bank of Illinois. Mr. ten Brink received a B.B.A. degree in international business and a M.B.A. degree in finance from the University of Oregon.
Charlie Alutto joined us in May 1997 following our acquisition of the company where he was then employed. He became an executive officer in February 2011 and serves as President, Stericycle USA since January 2010. In February 2012, the Board of Directors selected Mr. Alutto to succeed Mr. Miller as our Chief Executive Officer effective as of January 1, 2013. Mr. Alutto has over 23 years experience in healthcare waste and compliance services and has served in many leadership positions at Stericycle, including VP and Managing Director of Stericycle’s European business, Vice President of Stericycle’s hospital business and Area VP of Operations. Mr. Alutto received a B.S. degree in finance from Providence College and a M.B.A. degree in finance from St. John’s University.
Michael J. Collins has served as President of our Recall and Returns Management Services Division since June 2006. Prior to joining us, he served at Abbott Laboratories, a diversified health care company, which he joined in 1982 and where he held a number of management and marketing positions, most recently as vice president, medical products group health systems. Mr. Collins received a B.A. degree in business and education from the University of New Haven and a M.B.A. degree in business administration from National University.
Website Access
We maintain an Internet website, www.stericycle.com, providing a variety of information about us and the services we provide. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission are available, as soon as practicable after filing, at the investors’ page on our website, or by a direct link to our filings on the SEC’s free website, www.sec.gov.
Item 1A.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which is frequently difficult, expensive and time-consuming to comply with.
The regulated waste management industry is subject to extensive federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the collection, transportation, packaging, labeling, handling, documentation, reporting, treatment and disposal of regulated waste. Our business requires us to obtain many permits, authorizations, approvals, certificates, and other types of governmental permission from every jurisdiction where we operate. We believe that we currently comply in all material respects with all applicable permitting requirements. State and local regulations change often, however, and new regulations are frequently adopted. Changes in the regulations could require us to obtain new permits or to change the way in which we operate under existing permits. We might be unable to obtain the new permits that we require, and the cost of compliance with new or changed regulations could be significant.
Many of the permits that we require, especially those to build and operate processing plants and transfer facilities, are difficult and time-consuming to obtain. They may also contain conditions or restrictions that limit our ability to operate efficiently, and they may not be issued as quickly as we need them (or at all). If we cannot obtain the permits that we need when we need them, or if they contain unfavorable conditions, it could substantially impair our operations and reduce our revenues.
The level of governmental enforcement of environmental regulations has an uncertain effect on our business and could reduce the demand for our services.
We believe that the government’s strict enforcement of laws and regulations relating to regulated waste collection and treatment has been good for our business. These laws and regulations increase the demand for our services. A relaxation of standards or other changes in governmental regulation of regulated waste could increase the number of competitors or reduce the need for our services.
If we are unable to acquire regulated waste and other businesses, our revenue and profit growth may be slowed.
Historically, our growth strategy has been based in part on our ability to acquire regulated waste and other businesses. We do not know whether in the future we will be able to:
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identify suitable businesses to buy;
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complete the purchase of those businesses on terms acceptable to us;
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improve the operations of the businesses that we do buy and successfully integrate their operations into our own; or
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avoid or overcome any concerns expressed by regulators.
We compete with other potential buyers for the acquisition of regulated waste companies and other businesses. This competition may result in fewer opportunities to purchase companies that are for sale. It may also result in higher purchase prices for the businesses that we want to purchase.
We also do not know whether our growth strategy will continue to be effective. Our business is significantly larger than before, and new acquisitions may not have the incremental benefits that we have obtained in the past.
The implementation of our acquisition strategy could be affected in certain instances by the concerns of federal and state regulators, which could result in our not being able to realize the full synergies or profitability of particular acquisitions.
We may become subject to inquiries and investigations by federal or state antitrust regulators from time to time in the course of completing acquisitions of other regulated waste businesses. In order to obtain regulatory clearance for a particular acquisition, we could be required to modify certain operating practices of the acquired
business or to divest ourselves of one or more assets of the acquired business. Changes in the terms of our acquisitions required by regulators or agreed to by us in order to settle regulatory investigations could impede our acquisition strategy or reduce the anticipated synergies or profitability of our acquisitions. The likelihood and outcome of inquiries and investigations from federal or state regulators in the course of completing acquisitions cannot be predicted.
Aggressive pricing by existing competitors and the entrance of new competitors could drive down our profits and slow our growth.
The regulated waste industry is very competitive because of low barriers to entry, among other reasons. This competition has required us in the past to reduce our prices, especially to large account customers, and may require us to reduce our prices in the future. Substantial price reductions could significantly reduce our earnings.
We face direct competition from a large number of small, local competitors. Because it requires very little money or technical know-how to compete with us in the collection and transportation of regulated waste, there are many regional and local companies in the industry. We face competition from these businesses, and competition from them is likely to exist in the new locations to which we may expand in the future. In addition, large national companies with substantial resources may decide to enter the regulated waste industry. For example, in the United States, Waste Management, Inc., a major solid waste company is offering regulated waste management services to hospitals and other large and small quantity generators of regulated waste.
Our competitors could take actions that would hurt our growth strategy, including the support of regulations that could delay or prevent us from obtaining or keeping permits. They might also give financial support to citizens’ groups that oppose our plans to locate a processing or transfer facility at a particular location.
The loss of our senior executives could affect our ability to manage our business profitably.
We depend on a small number of senior executives. Our future success will depend upon, among other things, our ability to keep these executives and to hire other highly qualified employees at all levels. We compete with other potential employers for employees, and we may not be successful in hiring and keeping the executives and other employees that we need. We do not have written employment agreements with any of our executive officers, and officers and other key employees could leave us with little or no prior notice, either individually or as part of a group. Our loss of or inability to hire key employees could impair our ability to manage our business and direct its growth.
Restrictions in our senior unsecured credit facility may limit our ability to pay dividends, incur additional debt, make acquisitions and make other investments.
Our senior unsecured credit facility contains covenants that restrict our ability to make distributions to stockholders or other payments unless we satisfy certain financial tests and comply with various financial ratios.
It also contains covenants that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, acquire other businesses and make capital expenditures, and imposes various other restrictions. These covenants could affect our ability to operate our business and may limit our ability to take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise.
Our expansion into foreign countries exposes us to unfamiliar regulations and may expose us to new obstacles to growth.
We plan to grow both domestically and internationally. We have established operations in the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Foreign operations carry special risks. Although our business in foreign countries has not yet been affected, our business in the countries in which we currently operate and those in which we may operate in the future could be limited or disrupted by:
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exchange rate fluctuations;
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government controls;
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import and export license requirements;
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political or economic instability;
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trade restrictions;
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changes in tariffs and taxes;
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our unfamiliarity with local laws, regulations, practices and customs;
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restrictions on repatriating foreign profits back to the United States or movement of funds to other countries; and
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difficulties in staffing and managing international operations.
Foreign governments and agencies often establish permit and regulatory standards different from those in the United States. If we cannot obtain foreign regulatory approvals, or if we cannot obtain them when we expect, our growth and profitability from international operations could be limited. Fluctuations in currency exchange could have similar effects.
Our earnings could decline if we write-off intangible assets, such as goodwill.
As a result of our various acquisitions, our balance sheet at December 31, 2011 contains goodwill of $1.9 billion and other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $546.6 million (including indefinite lived intangibles of $94.5 million). In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350 “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other,” we evaluate on an ongoing basis whether facts and circumstances indicate any impairment of the value of indefinite-lived intangible assets such as goodwill. As circumstances after an acquisition can change, we may not realize the value of these intangible assets. If we were to determine that a significant impairment has occurred, we would be required to incur non-cash charges for the impaired portion of goodwill and other unamortized intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which the impairment charge occurs.
The handling and treatment of regulated waste carries with it the risk of personal injury to employees and others.
Our business requires us to handle materials that may be infectious or hazardous to life and property in other ways. While we try to handle such materials with care and in accordance with accepted and safe methods, the possibility of accidents, leaks, spills, and acts of God always exists. Examples of possible exposure to such materials include:
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truck accidents;
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damaged or leaking containers;
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improper storage of regulated waste by customers;
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improper placement by customers of materials into the waste stream that we are not authorized or able to process, such as certain body parts and tissues; or
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malfunctioning treatment plant equipment.
Human beings, animals or property could be injured, sickened or damaged by exposure to regulated waste. This in turn could result in lawsuits in which we are found liable for such injuries, and substantial damages could be awarded against us.
While we carry liability insurance intended to cover these contingencies, particular instances may occur that are not insured against or that are inadequately insured against. An uninsured or underinsured loss could be substantial and could impair our profitability and reduce our liquidity.
The handling of regulated waste exposes us to the risk of environmental liabilities, which may not be covered by insurance.
As a company engaged in regulated waste management, we face risks of liability for environmental contamination. The federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, or CERCLA, and similar state laws impose strict liability on current or former owners and operators of facilities that release hazardous substances into the environment as well as on the businesses that generate those substances and the businesses that transport them to the facilities. Responsible parties may be liable for substantial investigation and clean-up costs even if they operated their businesses properly and complied with applicable federal and state laws and regulations. Liability under CERCLA may be joint and several, which means that if we were found to be a business with responsibility for a particular CERCLA site, we could be required to pay the entire cost of the investigation and clean-up even though we were not the party responsible for the release of the hazardous substance and even though other companies might also be liable.
Our pollution liability insurance excludes liabilities under CERCLA. Thus, if we were to incur liability under CERCLA and if we could not identify other parties responsible under the law whom we are able to compel to contribute to our expenses, the cost to us could be substantial and could impair our profitability and reduce our liquidity. Our customer service agreements make clear that the customer is responsible for making sure that only appropriate materials are disposed of. If there were a claim against us that a customer might be legally liable for, we might not be successful in recovering our damages from the customer.
Item 1B.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2.
Item 2. Properties
We lease office space for our corporate offices in Lake Forest, Illinois. Domestically, we own or lease two ETD processing facilities, 58 facilities that provide autoclave or incineration processing, 23 facilities that use other processing technologies. All of our processing facilities also serve as collection sites. We own or lease 111 additional transfer and collection sites and 12 additional sales/administrative sites. Internationally, we own or lease three ETD processing facilities, 70 facilities that provide autoclave or incineration processing, and 19 facilities that use other processing technologies. We also own or lease 43 transfer and collection sites, 24 additional sales/administrative sites, and lease two landfills. We believe that these processing and other facilities are adequate for our present and anticipated future needs.
Item 3.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We operate in a highly regulated industry and must deal with regulatory inquiries or investigations from time to time that may be instituted for a variety of reasons. We are also involved in a variety of civil litigation from time to time.
Item 4.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable
PART II.
Item 5.
Item 5. Market Price for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
As of February 14, 2012, we had 138 stockholders of record. The Company’s stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the ticker symbol SRCL.
The following table provides the high and low sales prices of our Common Stock for each calendar quarter during our two most recent fiscal years:
We did not pay any cash dividends during 2011 and have never paid any dividends on our common stock. We currently expect that we will retain future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. See Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
Under resolutions that our Board of Directors adopted, we have been authorized to purchase a cumulative total of 20,537,398 shares of our common stock on the open market. As of December 31, 2011, we had purchased a cumulative total of 16,209,713 shares.
The following table provides information about our purchases of shares of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2011:
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Equity Compensation Plans
The following table summarizes information as of December 31, 2011 relating to our equity compensation plans pursuant to which stock option grants, restricted stock awards or other rights to acquire shares of our common stock may be made or issued:
Equity Compensation Plan Information
(1) These plans consist of our 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan, 2008 Incentive Stock Plan, 2005 Incentive Stock Plan, 1997 Stock Option Plan, 1996 Directors Stock Option Plan, and the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
(2) The only plan in this category is our 2000 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan.
In 2000, our Board of Directors approved the 2000 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan (the “2000 Plan”), which authorized the granting of nonstatutory stock options for 7,000,000 shares of our common stock to employees (but not to officers or directors). See Note 6 - Stock Based Compensation to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of this plan.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total return (i.e., stock price appreciation plus dividends) on our common stock over the five-year period ending December 31, 2011 with the cumulative total return for the same period on the NASDAQ National Market Composite Index, the S&P 500 Index, and the Dow Jones US Waste & Disposal index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2006 in our common stock and in the stock represented by each of the four indices, and that all dividends were reinvested.
The stock price performance of our common stock reflected in the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future performance.
Item 6.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
(1) See Note 3-Acquisitions and Divestitures to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information concerning our acquisitions during the three years ended December 31, 2011.
(2) See Note 8-Earnings per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information concerning the computation of earnings per diluted common share.
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In 2011, net income includes the following after-tax effects: $15.6 million of expenses related to acquisitions; $3.2 million of restructuring and plant closure costs; $0.7 million related to litigation settlement expense; $0.8 million related to accelerated interest expense due to early term loan repayment; $1.3 million benefit due to a net release of prior years’ tax reserves; and $4.7 million gain related to the change in fair value of contingent consideration. The net effect of these adjustments negatively impacted diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) by $0.16.
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In 2010, net income includes the following after-tax effects: $8.9 million of expenses related to acquisitions; $5.2 million of restructuring and plant closure costs; litigation settlement expense of $0.5 million; $1.8 million gain in sale of assets related to the MedServe divestiture; and $1.2 million benefit due to a net release of prior years’ tax reserves. The net effect of these adjustments negatively impacted diluted EPS by $0.13.
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In 2009, net income includes the following after-tax effects: $6.8 million of acquisition expenses; $1.0 million of restructuring costs; and $1.8 million benefit due to a net release of the prior years’ tax reserves. The net effect of these adjustments negatively impacted diluted EPS by $0.06.
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In 2008, net income includes the following after-tax effects: $3.5 million expense related to a business dispute settlement; and a fixed asset write-down of equipment of $0.3 million. The net effect of these adjustments negatively impacted diluted EPS by $0.05.
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In 2007, net income includes the following after-tax effects, netting to $9.3 million in expense, which negatively impacted diluted EPS by $0.10:
i. $8.6 million of legal settlement expense related to an arbitration award in Australia;
ii. $1.8 million write down of our investment in Medam, B.A., an Argentine joint venture. The write down of our investment in Argentina was a result of the legal restructuring of the business operations;
iii. $1.3 million write down of the White Rose Environmental tradename as a result of the name change of our subsidiary in the United Kingdom;
iv. $0.1 million write down of a permit intangible for a treatment facility in the United Kingdom that was no longer being used;
v. $0.8 million write down of equipment that had been permanently idled;
vi. $1.2 million gain on the divestiture of selected assets of Sterile Technologies, Ltd., one of our subsidiaries in the United Kingdom;
vii. $2.0 million income from proceeds received from two of our insurance carriers for coverage related to the 3CI Complete Compliance Corporation (“3CI”) class action litigation settlement;
viii. $0.1 million gain on the sale of our Scherer Labs assets.
Item 7.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes in Item 8 of this Report.
Introduction
We are in the business of managing regulated waste and providing an array of related services. We operate in the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
For large-quantity generators of regulated waste such as hospitals and for pharmaceutical companies and distributors, we offer our institutional regulated waste management services; our Bio Systems® reusable sharps management services to reduce the risk of needle sticks; a variety of products and services for infection control; our patient communication services; and our regulated returns and waste management services for expired or recalled products, pharmaceutical waste disposal services, and hazardous waste disposal. For small quantity generators of regulated waste such as doctors’ offices and for retail pharmacies, we offer: our medical and regulated waste management services; our Steri-Safe® OSHA and HIPAA compliance programs; a variety of products and services for infection control; our patient communication services; and our regulated returns and recall services for expired or recalled products.
We operate integrated national regulated waste management networks domestically and internationally. Our national networks include a total of 175 processing or combined processing and collection sites and 154 additional transfer, collection or combined transfer and collection sites. Our regulated waste processing technologies include autoclaving, our proprietary ETD, chemical treatment, and incineration. We serve approximately 522,000 customers worldwide, of which approximately 16,000 are large-quantity generators and approximately 506,000 are small-quantity generators.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires that we make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We believe that of our significant accounting policies (see Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements), the following ones may involve a higher degree of judgment on our part and greater complexity of reporting.
Revenue Recognition: Revenues for our regulated waste management services, other than our Steri-Safe service, are recognized at the time of waste collection. Our Steri-Safe revenues are recognized evenly over the contractual service period. Payments received in advance are deferred and recognized as services are provided. Revenues from regulated returns and recall management services and patient communication services are recorded at the time services are performed. Revenues from product sales are recognized at the time the goods are shipped to the customer. We do not have any contracts in a loss position. Losses would be recorded when known and estimable for any contracts that should go into a loss position.
Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets: Goodwill associated with the excess purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired is not amortized. We have determined that our permits have indefinite lives and, accordingly, are not amortized (see Note 11-Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information).
Our balance sheet at December 31, 2011 contains goodwill of $1.9 billion. In accordance with accounting standards, we evaluate on at least an annual basis, using the fair value of reporting units, whether goodwill is
impaired. If we were to determine that a significant impairment has occurred, we would be required to incur non-cash charges of the impaired portion of goodwill that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which the impairment charge occurs.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2011 we performed our annual goodwill impairment evaluation for our three reporting units, Domestic Regulated Waste Management Services, Domestic Regulated Returns and Recall Management Services, and International. We calculate the fair value of our reporting units using two methods, one a market approach and the other an income approach. Both the market and income approaches indicated no impairment to goodwill to any of our three reporting units.
Market Approach: Our market approach begins by calculating the market capitalization of the Company using the average stock price for the prior 30 days and the outstanding share count at June 30, 2011. We then look at the Company’s Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation, and Amortization (“EBITDA”), adjusted for stock compensation expense and other items, such as a gain on sale of divested assets, for the prior twelve months. The calculated market capitalization is divided by the modified EBITDA to arrive at a valuation multiple. The fair value of each reporting unit is then calculated by taking the product of the valuation multiple and the trailing twelve month modified EBITDA of that reporting unit. The fair value was then compared to the reporting units’ book value and determined to be in excess of the book value. We believe that starting with the fair value of the company as a whole is a reasonable measure as that fair value is then allocated to each reporting unit based on that reporting unit’s individual earnings. A sustained drop in our stock price would have a negative impact to our fair value calculations. A temporary drop in earnings of a reporting unit would have a negative impact to our fair value calculations.
The results of our goodwill impairment test using the market approach indicated the fair value of our reporting units exceeded book value by a substantial amount, in excess of 100% of book value.
Income Approach: The income approach uses expected future cash flows of each reporting unit and discounts those cash flows to a present value. Expected future cash flows are calculated using management assumptions of internal growth, capital expenditures, and cost efficiencies. Future acquisitions are not included in the expected future cash flows. We use a discount rate based on our Company calculated Weighted Average Cost of Capital which is adjusted for each of our reporting units based on risk size premium and foreign country premium. Significant assumptions used in the income approach include realization of future cash flows and the discount rate used to present value those cash flows.
The results of our goodwill impairment test using the income approach indicated the fair value of our reporting units exceeded book value by a substantial amount; in excess of 100%.
Our permits are tested for impairment annually at December 31 or more frequently if circumstances indicate that they may be impaired. We use either a discounted income or cost savings model as the current measurement of the fair value of the permits. The fair value is based upon, among other things, certain assumptions about expected future operating performance, internal and external processing costs, and an appropriate discount rate determined by management. Our estimates of discounted income may differ from actual income due to, among other things, inaccuracies in economic estimates.
In 2011, we wrote off $2.8 million for the permit intangibles of three facilities due to rationalizing our operations. Under current acquisition accounting, a fair value must be assigned to all acquired assets based on a theoretical “market participant” regardless of the acquirers’ intended use for those assets. This accounting treatment can lead to the recognition of losses if a company disposes of acquired assets.
Other identifiable intangible assets, such as customer relationships, tradenames, and covenants not-to-compete, are currently amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. We have determined that our regulated waste customer relationships have between 14-year and 40-year lives based on the specific type of relationship. Although the contracted regulated waste management business is highly competitive, we have been able to maintain high customer retention through excellent customer service.
The valuation of our contractual customer relationships was derived using a discounted income approach valuation model. These assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may be less than its undiscounted estimated future cash flows. There have been no indicators of impairment of these intangibles (see Note 11-Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Share Repurchases: Purchase price over par value for share repurchases are allocated to additional paid-in capital until the additional paid-in capital reaches zero, with any remainder being allocated to retained earnings.
Income Taxes: We are subject to income taxes in both the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. We compute our provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. Significant judgments are required in order to determine the realizability of these deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we evaluate all significant available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the existence of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. Changes in the expectations regarding the realization of deferred tax assets could materially impact income tax expense in future periods. To provide for uncertain tax positions, we maintain a reserve for tax benefits assumed that do not meet a threshold of “more likely than not” to be sustained. Management believes the amount provided for uncertain tax positions is adequate.
Accounts Receivable: Accounts receivable consists of amounts due to us from our normal business activities and are carried at their estimated collectible amounts. Accounts receivable balances are determined to be delinquent when the amount is past due based on the contractual terms with the customer. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts to reflect the expected uncollectibility of accounts receivable based on past collection history and specific risks identified among uncollected accounts. Accounts receivable are charged to the allowance for doubtful accounts when we have determined that the receivable will not be collected. No single customer accounts for more than 2% of our accounts receivable.
Insurance: Our insurance for workers’ compensation, vehicle liability and physical damage, and employee-related health care benefits is obtained using high deductible insurance policies. A third-party administrator is used to process all such claims. We require all workers’ compensation, vehicle liability and physical damage claims to be reported within 24 hours. As a result, we accrue our workers’ compensation, vehicle and physical damage liability based upon the claim reserves established by the third-party administrator at the end of each reporting period. Our employee health insurance benefit liability is based on our historical claims experience rate. Our earnings would be impacted to the extent that actual claims vary from historical experience. We review our accruals associated with the exposure to these liabilities for adequacy at the end of each reporting period.
Litigation: We operate in a highly regulated industry and deal with regulatory inquiries or investigations from time to time that may be instituted for a variety of reasons. We are also involved in a variety of civil litigation from time to time. Settlements from litigation would be recorded when known, probable and estimable.
Stock Option Plans: We have issued stock options to employees and directors as an integral part of our compensation programs. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized as expense over the vesting period. Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date requires considerable judgment, including estimating expected volatility of our stock, expected term of the award, and the risk-free rate. Our stock’s expected volatility is based upon historical experience. The expected term of the awards is based upon a measure of historical volatility of our stock price. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon the U.S. Treasury yield rates of a comparable period. If factors change and we employ different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the past.
New Accounting Pronouncements: For information about recently issued accounting pronouncements see Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Fair Value Considerations: Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The impact of our creditworthiness has been considered in the fair value measurements noted below. In addition, the fair value measurement of a liability must reflect the nonperformance risk of an entity.
At December 31, 2011, we had $22.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and $0.4 million of short-term investments that we recorded at fair value using Level 1 inputs and $9.9 million of contingent consideration related to acquisitions that we recorded at fair value using Level 3 inputs.
At December 31, 2011, we had no derivative instruments.
Restructuring Costs: In December 2010, we reorganized the structure of our international management group in order to leverage strong local management, resulting in employee severance and other charges. During the third quarter of 2011 we expanded this program to include consolidation of administrative facilities in the United Kingdom and reorganization of our international legal structure. We recognized $2.3 million in expense during 2011, of which $2.2 million was recognized on our Consolidated Statement of Income within “Selling, general and administrative expense.” We had an accrual balance of $0.9 million at December 31, 2011, which we expect to pay out primarily in the first quarter of 2012 with some immaterial additional expense.
In addition to the restructuring charges, we recognized $2.8 million and $0.9 million in non cash expenses during 2011 and 2010, respectively, related to the rationalization of domestic plant operations.
Year Ended December 31, 2011 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2010
Highlights for the year ended December 31, 2011 included the following:
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revenues grew to $1.68 billion, a 16.4% increase over $1.44 billion in 2010;
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gross margins decreased to 45.4% in 2011 from 46.4% in 2010;
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operating income was $424.3 million, a 14.5% increase from $370.7 million for 2010;
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we incurred a net $15.7 million in expenses related to restructuring and plant closure, acquisitions, changes in fair value of contingent consideration, and litigation settlement;
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we incurred $4.3 million in integration expenses related to acquisitions;
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cash flow from operations was $306.1 million.
In analyzing our company’s performance it is necessary to understand that our various regulated waste services share a common infrastructure and customer base. We market our regulated waste services by offering various pricing options to meet our customers’ preferences, and customers move between these different billing paradigms. For example, our regulated waste customers may contract with us for “Medical Waste Disposal” services that are billed based on the weight of waste collected, processed and disposed during a particular period and, in a subsequent period, the same customer could move to our standard service “Steri-Safe OSHA Compliance Program,” which packages the same regulated waste services with some training and education services for a contracted subscription fee. Another example is a customer that purchases our “Medical Waste Disposal” and “Sharps Disposal Management” services which provides the customer with the same regulated waste services under a different pricing and billing arrangement. We do not track the movement of customers between the various types of regulated waste services we offer. Although we can identify directional trends in
our services, because the regulated waste services are similar in nature and the inherent inaccuracies in disaggregation, we believe that aggregating these revenues communicates the appropriate metric. We analyze our revenue growth by identifying changes related to internal growth, acquired growth, and changes due to currency exchange fluctuations.
The following summarizes the Company’s operations:
Revenues: Our revenues increased $236.7 million, or 16.4%, to $1.68 billion in 2011 from $1.44 billion in 2010. Domestic revenues increased $128.5 million, or 11.9%, to $1.21 billion from $1.08 billion in 2010 as internal growth for domestic small account customers increased by approximately $48.8 million, approximately 8%, driven by an increase of Steri-Safe revenues. Revenues from domestic large account customers increased approximately $19.4 million, or over 5%, as we increased the total number of accounts and expanded our Sharps Management and Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal programs. Internal revenues for returns and recall management services decreased by $19.9 million compared to 2010 because 2010 had more large recalls which resulted in higher revenues. Internal revenues exclude acquisitions less than one year old. Total domestic regulated waste and returns and recall management acquisitions less than one year old contributed approximately $80.2 million to the increase in domestic revenues in 2011.
International revenues in 2011 were $463.9 million, compared to $355.8 million in 2010, an increase of $108.1 million, or 30.4%. Internal growth, currency rate fluctuations and acquisitions impact the comparison of 2011 to 2010. Internal growth was $18.9 million. The effect of exchange rates positively impacted international 2011 revenues by $11.2 million as foreign currencies appreciated against the U.S. dollar. Acquisitions and divestitures less than one year old contributed an additional $78.0 million in international revenues.
Cost of Revenues: Our 2011 cost of revenues increased $143.3 million, or $18.6%, to $915.3 million compared to $771.9 million in 2010. Our domestic cost of revenues increased $68.0 million, or 12.5%, to $612.7 million in 2011 compared to $544.7 million for 2010 as a result of costs related to a proportional increase in revenues from acquisitions and internal growth.
Our international cost of revenues increased $75.4 million, or 33.2%, to $302.6 million in 2011 compared to $227.2 million in 2010 as a result of costs related to a proportional increase in revenues, partially driven by the impact of exchange rates.
Our gross margin percentage decreased to 45.4% during 2011 from 46.4% during 2010 due to inclusion of lower margin acquired revenues. Domestic gross margin percentage slightly decreased to 49.5% during 2011 from 49.7% in 2010. Our domestic gross profit was unfavorably impacted by $1.5 million in 2010 from restructuring costs for our regulated returns and recall management services business.
International gross margin decreased to 34.8% compared to 36.1% in 2010, primarily due to acquisitions with lower margins being consolidated. In general, international gross margins are lower than domestic gross margins because the international operations have less penetration into the small quantity generator market, which has a higher gross margin. Historically, the international operations have had most of their revenues from large hospitals. As the international revenues increase, consolidated gross margins receive downward pressure due to this “business mix” shift, which may be offset by additional international small quantity market penetration, integration savings and domestic business expansion.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: In 2011, our selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses, excluding acquisition costs and other items, increased $38.1 million, or 13.7%, to $316.4 million from $278.3 million in 2010. As a percentage of revenue, these costs decreased by 0.4% in 2011 compared to 2010. Depreciation expense as a percentage of revenue was 0.5% in both 2011 and 2010. Amortization expense as a percentage of revenue increased to 1.0% in 2011 from 0.7% in 2010 due to larger quantity of acquisitions and related amortization.
Domestically, SG&A increased $19.5 million, or 9.1%, to $233.7 million in 2011 from $214.2 million in 2010. The increase was primarily due to SG&A expenses related to the acquired revenues and higher amortization expense. As a percentage of revenue, these costs decreased 0.5% in 2011 compared to 2010.
Internationally, our SG&A increased $18.6 million, or 29.0%, in 2011 to $82.7 million from $64.1 million in 2010. Increased SG&A was due to increased number of international acquisitions and investment in our Clinical Services program, partially offset by restructuring of the international management structure and the continued integration of acquisitions. Higher amortization expense related to recognized intangible assets from acquisitions. As percentage of revenue, these costs decreased 0.2% in 2011 compared to 2010.
Income from Operations: Income from operations increased by $53.6 million, or 14.5%, to $424.3 million in 2011 from $370.7 million in 2010. Comparisons of income from operations between 2011 and 2010 are affected by various charges not considered part of our day-to-day operations. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we recognized $16.7 million in acquisition expenses, $4.3 million related to the integration of new acquisitions, $5.1 million of restructuring and plant closure costs, and $1.2 million in litigation settlement, partially offset by $7.2 million change in fair value of contingent consideration. These various adjustments resulted in $20.1 million net expense on a pre-tax basis.
During the year ended December 31, 2010, we recognized $9.5 million in acquisition expenses, $4.1 million expenses related to integration of new acquisitions, $7.6 million of restructuring cost, $0.8 million plant closure expenses, and litigation settlement of $0.9 million, partially offset by a $3.0 million gain on sale of assets related to the MedServe divestiture. These various adjustments resulted in $19.9 million net expense on a pre-tax basis.
Domestically, our income from operations increased $41.3 million, or 13.3%, to $351.7 million in 2011 from $310.4 million in 2010. Internationally, our income from operations increased $12.3 million, or 20.4%, to $72.6 million in 2011 from $60.3 million in 2010.
Interest Expense and Interest Income: Interest expense increased to $49.4 million during 2011 from $37.1 million during 2010 due to higher borrowings in 2011 and higher interest rates. Interest income was $0.8 million during 2011 and $0.3 million during 2010.
Income Tax Expense: Income tax expense increased to $135.0 million during 2011 from $121.4 million during 2010. In 2011 and 2010, we recognized a net $1.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively; of tax benefits related to prior years unrecognized tax positions which positively impacted our diluted earnings per share by $0.01 in both 2011 and 2010. The effective tax rates for the years 2011 and 2010 were approximately 36.3% and 36.6%, respectively.
Year Ended December 31, 2010 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2009
Highlights for the year ended December 31, 2010 included the following:
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revenues grew to $1.44 billion, a 22.2% increase over $1.18 billion in 2009;
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gross margins decreased to 46.4% in 2010 from 46.9% in 2009;
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operating income was $370.7 million, a 17.6% increase from $315.2 million for 2009;
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we incurred a net $15.8 million in expenses related to restructuring and plant closure, acquisitions, litigation settlement, and gain on sale of assets;
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we incurred $4.1 million in integration expenses related to acquisitions;
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cash flow from operations was $325.7 million.
The following summarizes the Company’s operations:
Revenues: Our revenues increased $261.7 million, or 22.2%, to $1.44 billion in 2010 from $1.18 billion in 2009. Domestic revenues increased $171.0 million, or 18.7%, to $1.08 billion from $912.6 million in 2009 as internal growth for domestic small account customers increased by approximately $46.7 million, approximately 9%, driven by an increase of Steri-Safe and Clinical Services revenues. Revenues from domestic large account customers increased approximately $17.5 million, or over 5%, as we increased the total number of accounts and expanded our Sharps Management and Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal programs. Returns and recall management services revenues increased by $55.7 million compared to 2009 resulting from larger recalls in 2010. Domestic acquisitions less than one year old added an additional $51.1 million to the growth in revenues compared to 2009.
International revenues in 2010 were $355.8 million, compared to $265.1 million in 2009, an increase of $90.7 million, or 34.2%. Internal growth, currency rate fluctuations and acquisitions impact the comparison of 2010 to 2009. Internal growth was $19.1 million. The effect of exchange rates positively impacted international 2010 revenues by $2.5 million as foreign currencies appreciated against the U.S. dollar. Acquisitions less than one year old favorably impacted revenue growth by $69.1 million.
Cost of Revenues: Our 2010 cost of revenues increased $146.6 million, or $23.4%, to $771.9 million compared to $625.3 million in 2009. Domestic cost of revenues increased $86.4 million, or 18.9%, to $544.7 million in 2010 compared to $458.3 million for 2009. International cost of revenues increased $60.2 million, or 36.0%, to $227.2 million in 2010 compared to $167.0 million in 2009.
Our gross margin percentage decreased to 46.4% during 2010 from 46.9% during 2009. Domestic gross margin percentage slightly decreased to 49.7% during 2010 from 49.8% in 2009. Our domestic gross profit was unfavorably impacted by $1.5 million in 2010 and $0.7 million in 2009 from restructuring costs for our regulated returns and recall management services business.
International gross margin decreased to 36.1% compared to 37.0% in 2009, primarily due to acquisitions with lower margins being consolidated. In general, international gross margins are lower than domestic gross margins because the international operations have less penetration into the small quantity generator market, which has a better gross margin. Historically, the international operations have had most of their revenues from large hospitals. As the international revenues increase, consolidated gross margins receive downward pressure due to this “business mix” shift, which can be offset by additional international small quantity market penetration, integration savings and domestic business expansion.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: In 2010, our SG&A expenses, excluding acquisition costs and other items, increased $50.4 million, or 22.1%, to $278.3 million from $227.9 million in 2009. As percentage of revenue, SG&A expenses remained at 19.3% in 2010 and 2009. Depreciation expense as a percentage of revenue was 0.5% in both 2010 and 2009. Amortization expense as a percentage of revenue increased to 0.7% in 2010 from 0.5% in 2009 due to larger quantity of acquisitions and related amortization.
Domestically, SG&A increased $31.6 million, or 17.3%, to $214.2 million in 2010 from $182.6 million in 2009. The increase was primarily due to pre-synergized cost structure of the acquired revenues, higher amortization expense, market penetration for our Pharmaceutical Waste programs, and investments in the Steri-Safe services.
Internationally, our SG&A increased $18.8 million, or 41.5%, in 2010 to $64.1 million from $45.3 million in 2009. As percentage of revenue, SG&A was 18.0% in 2010 and 17.1% in 2009. The increase in SG&A was partially due to our acquisitions in UK, Brazil, and Japan, which have higher SG&A expenses. Higher amortization expense related to recognized intangible assets from acquisitions and investment in our Clinical Services program also contributed to the increase in SG&A.
Income from Operations: Income from operations increased by $55.5 million, or 17.6%, to $370.7 million in 2010 from $315.2 million in 2009. Comparisons of income from operations between 2010 and 2009 are affected by various charges not considered part of our day-to-day operations. During the year ended December 31, 2010, we recognized $9.5 million in acquisition expenses, $4.1 million expenses related to integration of new acquisitions, $7.6 million of restructuring cost, $0.8 million plant closure expenses, and litigation settlement of $0.9 million, partially offset by a $3.0 million gain on sale of assets related to the MedServe divestiture. These various adjustments resulted in $19.9 million net expense on a pre-tax basis.
During the year ended December 31, 2009, we recognized $7.3 million in acquisition expenses, $1.1 million expenses related to integration of new acquisitions, and $1.6 million of restructuring costs for our regulated returns and recall management services business. These adjustments resulted in $10.0 million net expenses on a pre-tax basis.
Domestically, our income from operations increased $45.5 million, or 17.2%, to $310.4 million in 2010 from $264.9 million in 2009. Internationally, our income from operations increased $10.0 million, or 19.9%, to $60.3 million in 2010 from $50.3 million in 2009.
Interest Expense and Interest Income: Interest expense increased to $37.1 million during 2010 from $34.4 million during 2009 due to higher borrowings in 2010 and higher interest rates. Interest income was $0.3 million during both 2010 and 2009.
Income Tax Expense: Income tax expense for the years 2010 and 2009 reflects an effective tax rate of approximately 36.6% and 36.5%, respectively, for federal and state income taxes. In 2010, we recognized a net $1.2 million benefit related to prior years unrecognized tax benefits. In 2009, we recognized a net $1.8 million benefit related to prior years unrecognized tax benefits.
Liquidity and Capital Resources:
Our $1.0 billion senior credit facility maturing in September 2016, our $100.0 million private placement notes maturing April 2015, our $175.0 million private placement note maturing in October 2017, and our $225.0 million private placement notes maturing in October 2020, all require us to comply with various financial, reporting and other covenants and restrictions, including a restriction on dividend payments. The financial debt covenants are the same for the senior credit facility and the private placement notes. At December 31, 2011, we were in compliance with all of our financial debt covenants.
As of December 31, 2011, we had $527.9 million of borrowings outstanding under our $1.0 billion senior unsecured credit facility, which includes foreign currency borrowings of $72.4 million. We also had $159.1 million committed to outstanding letters of credit under our senior credit facility. The unused portion of the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2011 was $313.0 million. At December 31, 2011, our interest rates on borrowings under our revolving credit facility were as follows:
•
For short-term borrowing (less than one month): Federal funds rate plus 0.5%, the prime rate or the Euro Currency rate plus 1%, whichever is higher and a spread of 0.125% plus a 0.25% facility fee.
•
For borrowing greater than one month: LIBOR plus 1.125% plus a 0.25% facility fee.
The weighted average rate of interest on the unsecured revolving credit facility was 1.73% per annum, which includes the 0.25% facility fee.
As of December 31, 2011, we had $100.0 million outstanding 5.64% private placement notes which we entered into on April 15, 2008. The notes bear interest at the fixed rate of 5.64% per annum. Interest is payable in arrears semi-annually on April 15 and October 15 beginning on October 15, 2009, and principal is payable at the maturity of the notes on April 15, 2015.
As of December 31, 2011, we had outstanding $175.0 million of seven-year unsecured senior notes (the “Series A notes”) and $225.0 million of 10-year unsecured senior notes (the “Series B notes”).
The Series A notes bear interest at the fixed rate of 3.89% per annum, and the Series B notes bear interest at the fixed rate of 4.47% per annum. Interest is payable in arrears semi-annually on April 15 and October 15 beginning on April 15, 2011. The principal amount of $175.0 million of the Series A notes will be payable at the maturity of the notes on October 15, 2017, and the principal amount of $225.0 million of the Series B notes will be payable at the maturity of the notes on October 15, 2020.
At December 31, 2011, we had $240.1 million in promissory notes issued in connection with acquisitions during 2004 through 2011, $111.9 million in foreign subsidiary bank debt outstanding, and $4.7 million in capital lease obligations.
Working Capital: At December 31, 2011, our working capital increased by $3.5 million to $63.7 million compared to $60.2 million at December 31, 2010.
Our current assets increased by $21.9 million in 2011 primarily due to acquired assets of $61.9 million of which $54.4 million was accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2010 included $23.0 million, offset by an equivalent amount in accrued liabilities that was used for recalled product reimbursement during 2011.
Our current liabilities increased by $18.4 million in 2011. We acquired $39.1 million in current liabilities of which $27.1 million was accounts payable. Offsetting these acquired liabilities was the decrease in the recalled product reimbursement of $23.0 million. We repaid the outstanding principal on our term loan debt of which $20.2 million was current (see Note 13-Debt), and also $9.9 million of the short-term portion of our acquisition notes. Offsetting short-term debt decreases was an increase in our short-term amounts on our senior credit facility of $30.2 million due to borrowings for acquisitions. The remaining increase to our current liabilities is primarily an increase to accrued taxes and an increase to accrued interest related to higher debt.
Net Cash Provided or Used: Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $19.6 million, or 6.0%, to $306.1 million during 2011. Cash provided by operations as a ratio to net income is 129% and 155% for 2011 and 2010, respectively, with Days Sales Outstanding at 53 days when excluding acquired receivables related to our acquisition in Spain, and 59 days when including acquired receivables in 2011 compared to 51 days in 2010.
Cash provided by operating activities in 2010 includes a cash inflow for recalled product reimbursements, which resulted in an increase to accrued liabilities in the amount of $23.0 million.
Net cash used in investing activities during 2011 was $514.6 million compared to $245.5 million used in 2010. The increase is due to acquisitions, of which the largest was our acquisition of HWS which resulted in $234.4 million cash used. We redeemed $15.8 million of certificates of deposit the quarter ended September 30, 2011. Capital expenditures in 2011 decreased, as a percentage of revenue, to 3.2% from 3.4% in 2010.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $148.3 million during 2011 compared to $13.6 million net cash used by financing activities in 2010, a change of $216.5 million related to increased borrowings to finance certain acquisitions, and partially offset by share repurchases of $124.1 million compared to $94.3 million in 2010, an increase of $29.7 million.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations and cash commitments as of December 31, 2011:
(1) The long-term debt, capital leases, and other long-term liabilities items include both the future principal payment amount as well as an amount calculated for expected future interest payments. Long-term debt that has floating interest rate requires the use of management judgment to estimate the future rate of interest.
(2) Other long-term liabilities include amounts related to covenants not-to-compete agreements and exclude payments for unrecognized tax benefits. Based on the contingent and uncertain nature of our liability for unrecognized tax benefits, we are unable to make an estimate of the period of potential settlement, if any, with the applicable taxing authorities.
At December 31, 2011, we had $159.1 million in stand-by letters of credit issued.
We anticipate that our operating cash flow, together with borrowings under our senior unsecured credit facility, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated future operating expenses, capital expenditures and debt service obligations as they become due during the next 12 months and the foreseeable future.
Guarantees: We have guaranteed a loan to JPMorganChase Bank N.A. on behalf of Shiraishi-Sogyo Co. Ltd (“Shiraishi”). Shiraishi is a customer in Japan that is expanding its medical waste management business and has a one year loan with a current balance of $6.4 million with JPMorganChase Bank N.A. that expires in May 2012. We also have extended loans to Shiraishi for approximately $15.2 million in support of its medical waste business. These amounts are collateralized with the assets of Shiraishi and related companies.
Item 7A.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are subject to market risks arising from changes in interest rates. Our potential additional interest expense over one year that would result from a hypothetical, instantaneous and unfavorable change of 100 basis points in the interest rate on all of our variable rate obligations would be approximately $6.1 million on a pre-tax basis.
We have exposure to foreign currency fluctuations. We have subsidiaries in eleven foreign countries whose functional currency is the local currency. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates could unfavorably impact our consolidated results of operations. We have exposure to commodity pricing for gas and diesel fuel for our trucks and for the purchase of containers and boxes. We do not hedge these items to manage the exposure.
Item 8.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, a company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
(iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework.
Based on this assessment and those criteria, management concludes that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011.
The Company’s independent auditors have issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. That report appears on page 33.
Stericycle, Inc.
Lake Forest, IL
February 28, 2012
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Stericycle, Inc. and Subsidiaries
We have audited Stericycle, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Stericycle, Inc. and Subsdiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Stericycle, Inc. and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Stericycle, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011 and our report dated February 28, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Ernst & Young LLP
Chicago, Illinois
February 28, 2012
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Stericycle, Inc. and Subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Stericycle, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Stericycle, Inc. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Stericycle Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 28, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Ernst & Young LLP
Chicago, Illinois
February 28, 2012
STERICYCLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
STERICYCLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
STERICYCLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
STERICYCLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
STERICYCLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2011
Unless the context requires otherwise, “we”, “us” or “our” refers to Stericycle, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
NOTE 1-DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
We were incorporated in 1989 and presently serve a diverse customer base of over 522,000 customers throughout the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Domestically, we own or lease two ETD processing facilities, 58 facilities that provide autoclave or incineration processing, and 23 facilities that use other processing technologies. All of our processing facilities also serve as collection sites. We own or lease 111 additional transfer and collection sites and 12 additional sales/administrative sites. We use our fully integrated, national network to provide a broad range of services to our customers including regulated waste management services and regulated return and recall management services. Regulated waste management services include regulated waste removal services, sharps management services, products and services for infection control, and safety and compliance programs. Regulated return and recall management services are physical services provided to companies and individual businesses that assist with the handling of products that are being removed from the supply chain due to recalls or expiration. These services also include advanced notification technology that is used to communicate specific instructions to the users of the product. Our waste treatment technologies include autoclaving, incineration, chemical treatment and our proprietary electro-thermal-deactivation system. Internationally, we own or lease three ETD processing facilities, 70 facilities that provide autoclave or incineration processing, and 19 facilities that use other processing technologies. We also own or lease 43 transfer and collection sites, 24 additional sales/administrative sites, and lease two landfills.
We have 6,877 employees in the United States, of which 413 are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Internationally, we have 4,245 employees, of which approximately 1,140 are covered by collective bargaining agreements, primarily in Latin America.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with these accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements included herein contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly our financial position as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 and the results of our operations, our cash flows, and our statement of changes in equity for the three years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. We have evaluated subsequent events through the date of filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amount of reported assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and revenues and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Certain amounts in previously issued financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The following adjustments were made to our 2010 balance sheet:
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$2.2 million was reclassified from “Short-term investments” to “Cash and cash equivalents”. It was determined that these investments were misclassified in 2010 because they had a maturity date of less
than 90-days and therefore, according to our accounting policy should be classified as “Cash and cash equivalents”;
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$0.5 million was reclassified from “Accounts receivable” to “Other current assets” to conform to the 2011 presentation. These amounts are related to product reimbursements due us and are not trade receivables, therefore we believe that it is more appropriate to classify these amounts as “Other current assets”;
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$16.0 million was reclassified from accrued liabilities to either “Other current liabilities” or “Current portion of long-term debt” to conform to the 2011 presentation. These amounts are related to acquisition payments, primarily contingent consideration, that we believe are more appropriately classified as either a component of debt, when the amount is not subject to adjustment, or other liabilities when they may be subject to adjustment.
These adjustments had no impact on our 2010 “Net cash provided by operating activities”.
NOTE 2-SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation:
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Stericycle, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries.
Revenue Recognition:
Revenues for our regulated waste management services, other than our Steri-Safe service, are recognized at the time of waste collection. Our Steri-Safe revenues are recognized evenly over the contractual service period. Payments received in advance are deferred and recognized as services are provided. Revenues from regulated returns and recall management services and patient communications are recorded at the time services are performed. Revenues from product sales are recognized at the time the goods are shipped to the ordering customer. We do not have any contracts in a loss position. Losses would be recorded when probable and estimable for any contracts that would be expected to go into a loss position.
Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments:
We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of less than three months when purchased to be cash equivalents. Short-term investments consist of certificates of deposit which mature in less than one year.
Property, Plant and Equipment:
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization, which include the depreciation of assets recorded under capital leases, are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Our containers have a weighted average remaining useful life of 12.5 years.
Goodwill and Identifiable Intangibles:
Goodwill and identifiable indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized, but are subject to an annual impairment test. Other intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives. We have determined that our
customer relationships have useful lives from 14 to 40 years based upon the type of customer, with a weighted average remaining useful life of 29.5 years. We have covenants not-to-compete intangibles with useful lives from two to ten years, with a weighted average remaining useful life of 5.4 years. We have tradename intangibles with useful lives from 15 to 40 years, with a weighted average remaining useful life of 20.6 years. We have determined that our permits have indefinite lives due to our ability to renew these permits with minimal additional cost, and therefore they are not amortized.
Valuation of our intangible customer relationships and permits is derived using a discounted income and cost savings approach. Financial information such as revenues, costs, assets and liabilities and other assumptions related to the intangible asset are input into a standard valuation model to determine a stream of income attributable to that intangible. The income stream is then discounted to the present to arrive at a valuation. We perform annual impairment tests on our indefinite lived intangible assets.
Valuation of Intangibles:
Our permits are currently tested for impairment annually at December 31 or more frequently if circumstances indicate that they may be impaired. We use a discounted income or cost savings model as the current measurement of the fair value of the permits. The fair value is based upon, among other things, certain assumptions about expected future operating performance, internal and external processing costs, and an appropriate discount rate determined by management. Our estimates of discounted income may differ from actual income due to, among other things, inaccuracies in economic estimates.
Amortizable identifiable intangible assets, such as customer relationships, tradenames and covenants not-to-compete, are currently amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. We have determined that our customer relationships have between 14 and 40 year lives based on the specific type of relationship. The valuation of our contractual customer relationships was derived using a discounted income approach valuation model. These assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may be less than its undiscounted estimated future cash flows (see Note 11-Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Share Repurchases:
Purchase price over par value for share repurchases are allocated to additional paid-in capital until the additional paid-in capital reaches zero, with any remainder being allocated to retained earnings.
Income Taxes:
Deferred income tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.
Accounts Receivable:
Accounts receivable consist of amounts due to us from our normal business activities and are carried at their estimated collectible amounts. We do not require collateral as part of our standard trade credit policy. Accounts receivable balances are determined to be past due when the amount is overdue based on the contractual terms with the customer. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts to reflect the expected uncollectibility of accounts receivable based on past collection history and specific risks identified among uncollected accounts. Accounts receivable are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when we have determined that the receivable will not be collected and/or when the account has been referred to a third party collection agency. No single customer accounts for more than 2% of our accounts receivable. Bad debt expense was $7.1 million, $7.5 million and $6.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Financial Instruments:
Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and payable and long-term debt. At December 31, 2011, the fair value of the Company’s debt obligations was estimated at $1.41 billion, compared to a carrying amount of $1.38 billion. This fair value was estimated using market interest rates for comparable instruments. The Company has no current plans to retire a significant amount of its debt prior to maturity. Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of accounts receivable. Credit risk on trade receivables is minimized as a result of the large size of our customer base. No single customer represents greater than 2% of total accounts receivable. We perform ongoing credit evaluation of our customers and maintain allowances for potential credit losses. For any contracts in loss positions, losses are recorded when probable and estimable. These losses, when incurred, have been within the range of our expectations.
Use of Estimates:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Some areas where we make estimates include allowance for doubtful accounts, credit memo reserve, accrued employee health and welfare benefits, income tax liabilities, accrued auto and workers’ compensation insurance claims, and intangible asset valuations. Such estimates are based on historical trends and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from our estimates.
Future estimated expenses may fluctuate depending on changes in foreign currency rates. The estimates for payments due on long-term debt, lease payments under capital leases, amortization expense and rental payments are based upon foreign exchange rates as of December 31, 2011 (see Notes 11, 13 and 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Stock-Based Compensation:
We recognize compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to our employees and directors. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized over the vesting period. Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date requires considerable judgment, including estimating expected volatility of our stock, expected term of the award, and the risk-free rate. Our stock’s expected volatility is based upon historical experience. The expected term of options granted is based on historical experience. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon the U.S. Treasury yield rates for a comparable period. If factors change and we employ different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense for new grants may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the past.
Foreign Currency Translation:
Assets and liabilities of foreign affiliates that use the local currency as their functional currency are translated at the exchange rate on the last day of the accounting period, and income statement accounts are translated at the average rates during the period. Related translation adjustments are reported as a component of comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity.
Environmental Matters:
We record a liability for environmental remediation or damages when a cleanup program becomes probable and the costs or damages can be reasonably estimated. We did not have any environmental liabilities recorded at December 31, 2011 nor are we aware of any issues at our facilities that could initiate the need for environmental remediation.
New Accounting Standards:
Accounting Standards Recently Adopted
Revenue Recognition
On January 1, 2011, Stericycle adopted changes issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) to guidance on revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple deliverables. This update allows companies to allocate consideration received for qualified separate deliverables using estimated selling price for both delivered and undelivered items when vendor-specific objective evidence or third-party evidence is unavailable. Additional disclosures discussing the nature of multiple element arrangements, the types of deliverables under the arrangements, the general timing of their delivery, and significant factors and estimates used to determine estimated selling prices are required. This new guidance did not have a material impact to our financial statements.
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted
Comprehensive Income
In June 2011, the FASB issued changes to the presentation of comprehensive income. These changes give an entity the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements; the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity was eliminated. The items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income were not changed. Additionally, no changes were made to the calculation and presentation of earnings per share. These changes become effective for Stericycle on January 1, 2012. Other than the change in presentation, these changes will not have an impact on our financial statements.
Goodwill Impairment Testing
In September 2011, the FASB issued changes to the testing for impairment of goodwill. Previous guidance under Topic 350 required an entity to test goodwill for impairment, on at least an annual basis, by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill (step one). If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the second step of the test must be performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. Under the amendments, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines, using qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not (greater than 50%) that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. These changes become effective for Stericycle on January 1, 2012, although early adoption is permitted. As these changes should not affect the outcome of the impairment analysis of a reporting unit, management has determined these changes will not have an impact on our financial statements.
NOTE 3-ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
The following table summarizes the locations of our acquisitions for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:
The following table summarizes the aggregate purchase price of our acquisitions during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:
During 2011, we completed 45 acquisitions, of which 20 were domestic regulated waste and compliance businesses, one was a domestic returns management services business and 24 were international regulated waste businesses. In Mexico, we sold our 55% majority ownership of a regulated waste business for approximately $3.3 million resulting in an immaterial gain. We also increased our majority share in a previous acquisition in Brazil from 70% to 82.5%.
In 2011, we recognized $342.5 million in goodwill related to current year acquisitions and prior year allocation adjustments, of which $233.4 million was assigned to our United States reporting segment and $109.1 million was assigned to our International reporting segment (see Note 11-Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Tax deductible goodwill, pending final acquisition accounting, was approximately $50.6 million, $49.6 million and $73.3 million for the years 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
In 2011, we recognized $206.8 million in intangible assets of which $190.4 million represents the estimated fair value of acquired customer relationships with amortizable lives of 14-40 years, $14.5 million in permits with indefinite lives, $1.3 million in a tradename with an amortizable life of 15 years, and $0.6 million in covenants not-to-compete with amortizable lives of 5 years. The allocation of acquisition price is preliminary pending completion of certain intangible asset valuations and completion accounts.
The following table summarizes purchase price allocation for our acquisitions for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:
For financial reporting purposes, our 2011 and 2010 acquisitions were accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. These acquisitions resulted in recognition of goodwill in our financial statements reflecting the premium paid to acquire businesses that we believe are complementary to our existing operations and fit our strategy. The Company incurred $16.7 million and $9.5 million of acquisition related expenses during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. These expenses are identified on our Consolidated Statements of Income as part of “Selling, general and administrative expenses”.
The results of operations of these acquired businesses have been included in the consolidated statements of income from the date of the acquisition. Because we integrate acquisitions into our current structure in order to achieve cost synergies, the effect of acquisitions on net income is not practical to estimate. The 2011 estimated impact to revenues of these acquisitions was $89.3 million. The estimated annualized revenues from these acquisitions were approximately $184.5 million. The following consolidated pro forma information is based on the assumption that these acquisitions all occurred on January 1, 2011 and 2010.
NOTE 4-FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
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Level 1-Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access.
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Level 2-Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
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Level 3-Valuations based on inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The impact of our creditworthiness has been considered in the fair value measurements noted below. In addition, the fair value measurement of a liability must reflect the nonperformance risk of an entity.
Level 1: At December 31, 2011, we have $22.5 million in cash and cash equivalents, and $0.4 million in money market accounts, which we recorded at fair value using Level 1 inputs. At December 31, 2010, we had $79.3 million in cash and cash equivalents, $15.8 million in certificates of deposit, and $0.4 million in money market accounts. In 2010, we financed a portion of our Japan acquisitions through local borrowings of ¥1.2 billion which required us to deposit the equivalent USD amount of $15.8 million in one year certificates of deposit with an affiliated bank located in the United States which was redeemed in September 2011.
Level 2: We had no assets or liabilities measured at fair value using Level 2 inputs at December 31, 2011 or December 31, 2010.
Level 3: We had contingent consideration liabilities recorded in the amounts of $9.9 million at December 31, 2011, and $16.5 million at December 31, 2010. Contingent consideration represents amounts to be paid as part of acquisition consideration only if certain future events occur. These events are usually acquisition targets for revenues or earnings. We arrive at the fair value of contingent consideration by applying a weighted probability of potential outcomes to the maximum possible payout. The calculation of these potential outcomes is dependent on both past financial performance and management assumptions about future performance. Contingent consideration
liabilities are reassessed each quarter and are reflected in the balance sheet as part of “Other current liabilities” or “Other liabilities”. Changes to contingent consideration are reflected in the table below:
Fair Value of Debt: At December 31, 2011, the fair value of the Company’s debt obligations was estimated at $1.41 billion compared to a carrying amount of $1.38 billion. At December 31, 2010, the fair value of the Company’s debt obligations was estimated at $1.108 billion, compared to a carrying amount of $1.106 billion. The fair values were estimated using market interest rates for comparable instruments. The Company has no current plans to retire a significant amount of its debt prior to maturity.
There have been no movements of items between fair value hierarchies.
NOTE 5-INCOME TAXES
The U.S. and International components of income before income taxes consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:
Significant components of our income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 are as follows:
A reconciliation of the income tax provision computed at the federal statutory rate to the effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 are as follows:
Cash payments for income taxes were $74.4 million, $76.6 million and $66.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Our deferred tax liabilities and assets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 were as follows:
At December 31, 2011, net operating loss carry forwards for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes have been fully utilized, excluding net operating loss carry forwards related to our acquisitions. The remaining net operating loss carry forwards from foreign and domestic acquisitions are approximately $38.9 million that begin to expire in 2015. Of these, $3.4 million have a valuation allowance offsetting the benefit. The valuation allowance primarily represents loss carry-forwards for which limitations are in place and utilization is uncertain before their expiration. Changes in our valuation allowance during 2011 were primarily related to adjustments to acquisition accounting.
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries are considered permanently reinvested, and therefore no deferred taxes are recorded thereon. The cumulative amounts of such earnings are $707.0 million at December 31, 2011, and it was not practicable to estimate the amount of tax that may be payable upon distribution assuming repatriation.
We and our subsidiaries file U.S. federal income tax returns and income tax returns in various states and foreign jurisdictions. With a few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2006.
The Company has recorded accruals to cover certain uncertain tax positions. Such uncertain tax positions relate to additional taxes that the Company may be required to pay in various tax jurisdictions. During the course of examinations by various taxing authorities, proposed adjustments may be asserted. The Company evaluates such items on a case-by-case basis and adjusts the accrual for uncertain tax positions as deemed necessary. The estimated amount of liability associated with the Company’s uncertain tax positions that may change within the next twelve months cannot be reasonably estimated.
The total amount of unrecognized tax positions as of December 31, 2011 is $10.7 million. The amount of unrecognized tax positions that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate is approximately $10.7 million. We recognized interest and penalties accrued related to income tax reserves in the amount of $0.7 million and $0.1 million, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, as a component of income tax expense.
The following table summarizes the changes in unrecognized tax positions during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010:
NOTE 6-STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
Stock Plans:
We have adopted six stock option plans:
(i) the 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan, which expires May 2021;
(ii) the 2008 Incentive Stock Plan, which our stockholders approved in May 2008;
(iii) the 2005 Incentive Stock Plan, which our stockholders approved in April 2005;
(iv) the 2000 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan, which expired in February 2010;
(v) the 1997 Stock Option Plan, which expired in January 2007;
(vi) the 1996 Directors Stock Option Plan, which expired in May 2006.
The 2011 Incentive Compensation Plan authorizes awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and restricted stock units for a total of 3,000,000 shares; the 2008 Plan authorizes awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and restricted stock units for a total of 3,500,000 shares; the 2005 Plan authorizes awards of stock options and stock appreciation rights for a total of 4,800,000 shares; the 2000 Plan authorizes stock option grants for a total of 7,000,000 shares; the 1997 Plan authorized stock option grants for a total of 6,000,000 shares; and the Directors Plan authorized stock option grants for a total of 2,340,000 shares.
In terms of the stock options authorized, the 2011 Plan, 2008 Plan, and the 2005 Plan provide for the grant of non-statutory stock options (“NSOs”) and incentive stock options intended to qualify under section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code (“ISOs”); the 2000 Plan provides for the grant of NSOs; the 1997 Plan provided for the grant of NSOs and ISOs; and the Directors Plan provided for the grant of NSOs.
The 2011, 2008 and 2005 Plans authorize awards to our officers, employees and consultants and, following the expiration of the Directors Plan in May 2006, to our directors; the 2000 Plan authorized awards to our employees and consultants but not to our officers and directors; the 1997 Plan authorized awards to our officers, directors, employees and consultants; and the Directors Plan authorized awards to our outside directors.
As of December 31, 2011, we reserved the following shares for issuance, consisting of both shares available for awards under the 2011 Plan, 2008 Plan, 2005 Plan, 2000 Plan, and 1997 Plan and shares issuable under outstanding stock option grants and restricted stock unit awards:
Employee Stock Purchase Plan:
In October 2000, our Board of Directors adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) effective as of July 1, 2001. Our stockholders approved the ESPP in May 2001. The ESPP authorizes 600,000 shares of our common stock to be purchased by employees at a 15% discount from the market price of the stock through payroll deductions during two six-month offerings each year. An employee who elects to participate in an offering is granted an option on the first day of the offering for a number of shares equal to the employee’s payroll deductions under the ESPP during the offering period (which may not exceed $5,000) divided by the option price per share. The option price per share is the lower of 85% of the closing price of a share of our common stock on the first trading day of the offering period or 85% of the closing price on the last trading day of the offering period. We recognize compensation expense for the ESPP, which is reflected in the statement of income. Every U.S. employee who has completed six months employment as of the first day of an offering and who is a full-time employee, or a part-time employee who customarily works at least 20 hours per week, is eligible to participate in the offering. During 2011, 2010, and 2009, 53,213 shares, 61,573 shares, and 56,145 shares respectively, were issued through the ESPP.
Stock Based Compensation Expense:
During 2011, there were no changes to our stock compensation plans or modifications to outstanding stock-based awards which would change the value of any awards outstanding. Compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted subsequent to January 1, 2006 is based on the grant-date fair value determined in accordance with the provisions of FASB accounting standards for share-based payments. During the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, we recognized compensation expense of $14.4 million, $14.4 million and $14.0 million, respectively, for stock options, and $1.0 million, $0.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively, for the ESPP, which is reflected in the statement of income. There were no significant capitalized stock-based compensation costs at December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.
The following table presents the total stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock option awards and the ESPP included in the consolidated statements of income:
As of December 31, 2011, there were $24.5 million of total unrecognized compensation expenses related to non-vested option awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.49 years.
The following table sets forth the tax benefits related to stock compensation:
Stock Options:
Options granted to directors vest in one year and options granted to officers and employees generally vest over five years. Expense related to the graded vesting options is recognized using the straight-line method over the vesting period.
The exercise price per share of an option granted under any of our stock option plans may not be less than the closing price of a share of our common stock on the date of grant. The maximum term of an option granted under any plan may not exceed 10 years. An option may be exercised only when it is vested and, in the case of an option granted to an employee (including an officer), only while he or she remains an employee and for a limited period following the termination of his or her employment. New shares are issued upon exercise of stock options. Option activity for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 is summarized as follows:
The total exercise intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the sales price on that trading day in the year ended December 31, 2011 and the exercise price associated with the respective option).
The total aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between our closing stock price on the last day of trading for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders assuming all option holders had exercised their options on December 31, 2011; this amount changes based on the fair market value of our stock.
The following tables set forth the information related to outstanding options for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:
The following tables set forth the information related to exercisable options:
Options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2011 by price range are presented below:
The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was used in determining the fair value of each option grant. The expected term of options granted is based on historical experience. Expected volatility is based upon historical volatility. The expected dividend yield is zero. The risk-free interest rate is based upon the U.S. Treasury yield rates for a comparable period. The assumptions that we used in the Black-Scholes model are as follows:
Restricted Stock Units:
Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) activity for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 is summarized as follows below. RSUs vest at the end of three years. Our 2008 Plan includes a share reserve related to RSUs granted at a 2-1 ratio. We did not grant any RSUs in 2009.
The per share fair value of RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $85.00 and $51.65, respectively.
NOTE 7-PREFERRED STOCK
Preferred Stock:
At December 31, 2011 and 2010, we had 1,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock and no shares issued or outstanding.
NOTE 8-EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
For additional information regarding outstanding employee stock options, see Note 6-Stock Based Compensation to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In 2011, 2010 and 2009, options to purchase 879,266 shares, 133,535 shares and 2,218,914 shares, respectively, at exercise prices of $77.00-$94.24, $51.55-$80.92 and $46.56-$60.53, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
NOTE 9-ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The components of total comprehensive income are net income, the change in cumulative currency translation adjustments and gains and losses on derivative instruments qualifying as cash flow hedges. The following table sets forth the components of total comprehensive income for 2011, 2010 and 2009:
The tax impact of the unrealized loss on cash flow hedges in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $0.2 million, $1.4 million, and $1.4 million, respectively. Translation adjustments are not tax-effected as the Company’s net investment in foreign subsidiaries and all related foreign earnings are deemed permanently invested.
The following table summarizes amounts related to cash flow hedges reclassified to interest expense on our Consolidated Statements of Income.
NOTE 10-PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment at December 31 consisted of the following items:
NOTE 11-GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill and other indefinite lived intangibles are not amortized, but are subject to an annual impairment test, or to more frequent testing if circumstances indicate that they may be impaired.
We have two geographical reporting segments, “United States” and “International”, both of which have goodwill. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were as follows:
During the quarter ended June 30, 2011, we performed our annual goodwill impairment evaluation for our three reporting units, Domestic Regulated Waste, Domestic Regulated Returns and Recall Management Services, and International. We calculate fair value for our reporting units using two methods, one a market approach and the other an income approach. Both the market and income approaches indicated no impairment to goodwill to any of our three reporting units.
Market Approach: Our market approach begins by calculating the market capitalization of the Company using the average stock price for the prior 30 days and the outstanding share count at June 30, 2011. We then look at the Company’s Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation, and Amortization (“EBITDA”), adjusted for stock compensation expense and other items, such as a gain on sale of divested assets, for the prior twelve months. The calculated market capitalization is divided by the modified EBITDA to arrive at a valuation multiple. The fair value of each reporting unit is then calculated by taking the product of the valuation multiple and the trailing twelve month modified EBITDA of that reporting unit. The fair value was then compared to the reporting units’ book value and determined to be in excess of the book value. We believe that starting with the fair value of the company as a whole is a reasonable measure as that fair value is then allocated to each reporting unit based on that reporting unit’s individual earnings. A sustained drop in our stock price would have a negative impact to our fair value calculations. A temporary drop in earnings of a reporting unit would have a negative impact to our fair value calculations.
The results of our goodwill impairment test using the market approach indicated the fair value of our reporting units exceeded book value by a substantial amount, in excess of 100% of book value.
Income Approach: The income approach uses expected future cash flows of each reporting unit and discounts those cash flows to a present values. Expected future cash flows are calculated using management assumptions of internal growth, capital expenditures, and cost efficiencies. Future acquisitions are not included in the expected future cash flows. We use a discount rate based on our Company calculated Weighted Average Cost of Capital which is adjusted for each of our reporting units based on risk size premium and foreign country premium. Significant assumptions used in the income approach include realization of future cash flows and the discount rate used to present value those cash flows.
The results of our goodwill impairment test using the income approach indicated the fair value of our reporting units exceeded book value by a substantial amount; in excess of 100%.
In 2011 and 2010, we wrote off $2.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively, for the permit intangibles of facilities due to rationalizing our domestic operations. These expenses are reflected as part of “Selling, general and administrative expenses”. Under current acquisition accounting, a fair value must be assigned to all acquired assets based on a theoretical “market participant” regardless of the acquirers’ intended use for those assets. This accounting treatment can lead to the recognition of losses if a company disposes of acquired assets.
We complete our annual impairment analysis of our indefinite lived intangibles (facility permits) during the quarter ended December 31 of each year. In 2011 and 2010, we performed our annual permit impairment evaluation and determined that, other than as noted above, there was no impairment.
Our intangible assets, other than indefinite lived goodwill and permits, are amortized over their useful lives. In 2011, we assigned $190.4 million to customer relationships with amortization periods of 14 to 40 years and $14.5 million to facility environmental permits with indefinite lives.
In 2010, we assigned $97.1 million to customer relationships with amortization periods of 15 to 40 years and $16.5 million to facility environmental permits with indefinite lives.
As of December 31, the values of the intangible assets were as follows:
During the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, the aggregate amortization expense was $16.3 million, $9.9 million and $5.4 million, respectively.
The estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years, assuming no additional amortizable intangible assets, is as follows for the years ended December 31:
NOTE 12-ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Accrued liabilities at December 31 consisted of the following items:
NOTE 13-DEBT
New Debt
On September 21, 2011, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the “new credit agreement”) with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, swingline lender, a
lender and a letter of credit issuer, other lenders party to the new credit agreement, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as syndication agent, and HSBC Bank USA, National Association, Lloyds Securities, Inc. and Union Bank, N.A., as co-documentation agents. The new credit agreement amended and restated our prior credit agreement dated as of August 24, 2007, as amended. The new credit agreement increases our unsecured revolving credit facility from $850.0 million to $1.0 billion and extends the maturity date of our borrowings from August 24, 2012 to September 21, 2016. We paid $3.7 million in financing fees which will be amortized to interest expense over the life of the loan agreement.
Long-term debt consisted of the following at December 31:
Payments due on long-term debt, excluding capital lease obligations, during each of the five years subsequent to December 31, 2011 are as follows:
We paid interest of $43.5 million, $28.6 million and $24.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Property under capital leases included with property, plant and equipment in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows at December 31:
Amortization related to these capital leases is included with depreciation expense.
Minimum future lease payments under capital leases are as follows:
Our $1.0 billion senior credit facility maturing in September 2016, our $100.0 million private placement notes maturing April 2015, our $175.0 million private placement notes maturing in October 2017, and our $225.0 million private placement notes maturing in October 2020, all require us to comply with various financial, reporting and other covenants and restrictions, including a restriction on dividend payments. The financial debt covenants are the same for the senior credit facility, and the private placement notes. At December 31, 2011, we were in compliance with all of our financial debt covenants.
As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, we had $159.1 million and $184.0 million, respectively, committed to outstanding letters of credit under our senior credit facility. The unused portion of the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $313.0 million and $490.6 million, respectively.
Guarantees
We have guaranteed a loan to JPMorganChase Bank N.A. on behalf of Shiraishi-Sogyo Co. Ltd (“Shiraishi”). Shiraishi is a customer in Japan that is expanding its medical waste management business and has a one year loan with a current balance of $6.4 million with JPMorganChase Bank N.A. that expires in May 2012. We also have extended loans to Shiraishi for approximately $15.2 million in support of its medical waste business. These amounts are collateralized with the assets of Shiraishi and related companies.
NOTE 14-LEASE COMMITMENTS
We lease various plant equipment, office furniture and equipment, motor vehicles, office and warehouse space, and landfills under operating lease agreements, which expire at various dates over the next 19 years. The leases for most of the properties contain renewal provisions.
Rent expense for 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $75.3 million, $57.9 million and $45.8 million, respectively.
Minimum future rental payments under non-cancelable operating leases that have initial or remaining terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2011 for each of the next five years and in the aggregate are as follows:
NOTE 15-PRODUCTS AND SERVICES AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
FASB ASC Topic 280 requires segment information to be reported based on information utilized by executive management to internally assess performance and make operating decisions. We have determined that we have three operating segments based on the organizational structure of our company and information reviewed. These operating segments are International Waste Management Services (“International”), Domestic Regulated Waste Management Services (“United States”) and Domestic Returns and Recall Management Services. We have aggregated Domestic Regulated Waste Management Services and Domestic Returns and Recall Management Services into one reportable segment, United States, based on our consideration of the following aggregation criteria:
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they have similar economic characteristics;
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the same services are provided;
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the same types of customers are serviced;
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the same types of waste collection, transportation and treatment methods are utilized;
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their regulatory environments are similar, but vary based upon country specific regulations; and
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they employ the same sales and marketing techniques and activities.
Our two reportable segments are United States (which includes Puerto Rico) and International. Summary information for our reportable segments is as follows:
Revenues are attributed to countries based on the location of customers. Intercompany revenues recorded by the United States for work performed in Canada are eliminated prior to reporting United States revenues. The same accounting principles and critical accounting policies are used in the preparation of the financial statements for both reporting segments.
Detailed information for our United States reporting segment is as follows:
Detailed information for our International reporting segment is as follows:
NOTE 16-EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
We have a 401(k) defined contribution retirement savings plan covering substantially all domestic employees. Each participant may elect to defer a portion of his or her compensation subject to certain limitations. We may contribute up to 50% of the first 5% of compensation contributed to the plan by each employee up to a maximum of $1,750 per annum. Our contributions for the years ended December 31 2011, 2010 and 2009 were approximately $2.6 million, $2.3 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
The Company has several foreign defined contribution plans, which require the Company to contribute a percentage of the participating employee’s salary according to local regulations. For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, total contributions made by the Company for these plans were approximately $0.8 million, $0.7 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
NOTE 17-LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We operate in a highly regulated industry and must deal with regulatory inquiries or investigations from time to time that may be instituted for a variety of reasons. We are also involved in a variety of civil litigation from time to time.
NOTE 18-RESTRUCTURING AND PLANT CLOSURE COSTS
In December 2010, we reorganized the structure of our international management group in order to leverage strong local management, resulting in employee severance and other charges. During the third quarter of 2011 we expanded this program to include consolidation of administrative facilities in the United Kingdom and reorganization of our international legal structure. We had an accrual balance of $0.9 million at December 2011, which we expect to pay out primarily in the first quarter of 2012 with some immaterial additional expense.
The following tables below highlight the pre-tax charges and changes in the reserves for 2011 and 2010. These charges, except for fifty-four thousand reflected in “Costs of revenues”, are reflected on our Consolidated Statement of Income within “Selling, general and administrative expenses”.
In addition to the restructuring charges, we recognized $2.8 million and $0.9 million in non cash expenses during 2011 and 2010, respectively, related to the rationalization of domestic plant operations.
NOTE 19-SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
The following table summarizes our unaudited consolidated quarterly results of operations as reported for 2011 and 2010:
* EPS calculated on a quarterly basis, and, as such, the amounts may not total the calculated full-year EPS.
NOTE 20-SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
We have evaluated subsequent events through the date of filing our annual report on Form 10-K. No events have occurred that would require adjustment to or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.
STERICYCLE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II-VALUATION AND ALLOWANCE ACCOUNTS
(1) Amounts consist primarily of valuation allowances assumed from acquired companies and currency translation adjustments.
Item 9.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
Our management, with the participation of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report. On the basis of this evaluation, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer each concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
The term “disclosure controls and procedures” is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as “controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the [Securities and Exchange] Commission’s rules and forms.” Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that material information relating to us and our consolidated subsidiaries is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding our required disclosures.
(b) Internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Attestation Report are included in Item 8.
(c) Changes in internal controls.
There were no changes in our internal controls or in other factors that could materially affect those controls during the quarter ended December 31, 2011.
Item 9B.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
Item 10.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this Item regarding our directors is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption “Election of Directors” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 22, 2012, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A.
The information required by this Item regarding our executive officers is contained under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Item 1 of Part I of this Report.
The information required by this Item regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 22, 2012, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A.
We have adopted a code of business conduct that applies to all of our employees. The code of conduct is available on our website, www.stericycle.com, under “About Us/Codes of Conduct”. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding any amendments to, or waiver from, a provision of our code of conduct by posting such information on our website.
The information required by this Item regarding certain corporate governance matters is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption “Election of Directors” in our definitive proxy statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 22, 2012, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A.
Item 11.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and following sections (up to Item 2) in our definitive proxy statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 22, 2012, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A.
Item 12.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the captions “Stock Ownership” and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and following sections (up to Item 2) in our definitive proxy statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 22, 2012 to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A.
Item 13.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item regarding our policies and procedures for the review, approval or ratification transactions with related persons is incorporated by reference to the information contained under the caption “Policy on Related Party Transactions” in Item 1 of our definitive proxy statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 22, 2012, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A.
The information required by this Item regarding director independence is incorporated by reference to the information contained in Item 1 of our definitive proxy statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 22, 2012, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A.
Item 14.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Fees for professional services provided by our independent public accountants, Ernst & Young LLP, in each of the last two fiscal years, in each of the following categories are:
Fees for audit services include fees rendered in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements and the audit of our internal controls over financial reporting, and review of our interim financial statements included in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.
In accordance with policies adopted by the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, all audit and non-audit related services to be performed for us by our independent public accountants must be approved in advance by the Audit Committee.
PART IV
Item 15.
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) List of Financial Statements, Financial Statement Schedule and Exhibits
We have filed the following financial statements and financial statement schedule as part of this report:
All other financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable to us or the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
We have filed the following exhibits with this report:
* Previously filed
 Management contract or compensatory plan required to be filed pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: February 28, 2012