ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Important Disclosures and Disclaimers.
Please note that ProtoKinetix, Inc. (the "Company") is a research and product development stage company that has not yet sold any products. The Company had $0 in revenues for the year ended December 31, 2010.
It is important to understand that although the Company (as is discussed below) is focused on various promising scientific and business development efforts, to date, we have not yet marketed a product. Ongoing testing of the AAGP™ molecule with three amino acids joined to a monosaccharide by a gemdifluride bond continues to show that there is significant promise in the field of medicine of preserving cells, tissue and organs from various stresses. The antiaging properties and the protective effect of AAGP™ also is of significant interest to the cosmetic and skin care industries. Tests have confirmed that the AAGP™ molecule improves the harvest of cells from cryopreservation by 30% to 120%. We believe there is a market for AAGP™ to preserve cells, particularly various stem cells, and we will continue testing with potential customers. At the same time we are taking steps to improve the manufacturing process to reduce costs and improve purity and biochemical activity.
Our progress to date has been achieved notwithstanding the inherent risks relating to the science, applications, market opportunities and commercial relationships. The progress of the business has and will continue to be dependant on having appropriate human and sufficient financial resources which have and will be uncertain.
About ProtoKinetix
ProtoKinetix owns the world-wide rights to a family of anti-aging glycoproteins, trademarked as AAGPs™. In scientific tests AAGPs™ have demonstrated the ability to enhance the health and extend the life of biologically sensitive cells which have been subjected to severe stress conditions under laboratory controlled test conditions. AAGPs™ are stable and non-toxic.
Since 2005, ProtoKinetix has primarily focused on scientific research, but the company has recently been in the process of directing major efforts to the practical side of commercial validation. The commercial applications for AAGPs™ in large markets such as skincare/cosmetic products and targeted health care solutions are numerous, and ProtoKinetix is currently working with researchers, business leaders and advisors and commercial entities to bring AAGP™ to market.
Background
Native AFGP Compound
AFGP (Anti-Freeze Glycoprotein) is found in nature as a compound produced by some fish, insects, reptiles, bacteria and plants that enable survival in freezing temperatures.
One of the many accomplishments from pioneering research of the U.S. Antarctic Program was the discovery, in the early sixties, that fish living year-long in subzero temperature are extremely resistant to freezing. The substances that prevent these fish from freezing were isolated, characterized and designated as antifreeze glycoproteins or AFGP. Various kinds of AFGP were isolated from many species of fishes, and in some amphibians, plants and insects. All of the AFGPs share a common characteristic that prevents ice crystals from growing and connecting to each other. Research has also confirmed a cell membrane stabilizing characteristics of native AFGP.
There has been much scientific research done in an attempt to synthetically replicate AFGPs in research institutions because the protective properties of AFGPs could have commercial applications, primarily in food and crop preservation at freezing temperatures. The native antifreeze glycoproteins are very large molecules that are often made up of a repeating series of smaller molecules, glycoproteins. Glycoproteins are often very biologically active, but they are inherently quite unstable. The oxygen-glycosidic link is readily cleaved by glycosidases, resulting in a low bio-availability of these glycoconjugate based molecules.
Scientific research prior to AAGP has focused on building a stable and more efficient compound with a strong bond.
AAGP™ - The Core Technology of ProtoKinetix
AAGP™ Invention
Dr. Geraldine Castelot-Deliencourt, along with Dr. Jean-Charles Quirion at the Research Institute of Organic Chemistry in Rouen, France, developed a patented process to stabilize the oxygen-glycosidic bond in these sugar based molecules. This patented process replaces the weaker oxygen bond with a C-F2 mimetic. The resultant molecules are biologically active and stable over a pH range of 2 to 13. They are not broken down by glycosidases.
AAGP™ Toxicity Tests
Tests have shown cells that have been exposed to AAGP™ at low and high concentrations have remained viable. A common viability test used on cell cultures using trypan blue dye exclusion method has been used to show AAGP™ non-toxicity.
AAGP™ Stability Tests
AAGP™ molecules have remained stable when subjected to three tests:
1.
pH ranging from a strong acid level of 1.8 (stronger than stomach acid) to a strong alkali level of 13.8. (the pH scale is calibrated from 1, highly acidic, to 14, highly alkali);
2.
Enzymatic action using protease, which targets the amino acid bonds, and glycosidase, which targets the amino acid bonds, and glycosidase, which targets the sugar molecules; and
3.
Temperatures ranging from -196°C (cryopreservation) to +37°C (body temperature).
Stress Tests on 12 Different Cell Lines
Cell lines are selected for their high level of sensitivity. Cell lines are also selected for their potential role in adding value in medical applications, enhancing health and extending life. All tests are designed to explore how cells from different cell lines act biologically in the presence of AAGP™ when subjected to health and life threatening inflammatory stress conditions and agents.
Cells Lines Tested
Stem cells (human)
Adult skin fibroblast cells
Whole blood cells
Heart cells (cardiac myocites)
Blood Platelet cells
Liver cells (hepatocites)
Heart tissue
Embryonic skin fibroblast cells
Hela (cancer) cells
Islet cells (pancreatic)
Kidney (KB and vero) cells
Stem cells (mouse)
Stress Conditions and Agents
Temperature
temperatures ranging from -80° C to +37°
UV-C Radiation
harsh sterilizing radiation
254 nanometer wavelength
Oxidation
hydrogen peroxide (H2O20
powerful oxidant
Starvation
serum free culture media
food/growth/nutrients factors (fetal bovine serum) withheld
Inflammation
Interleukin 1 Beta, a standard agent for stimulating inflammation in cell testing
All of the above tests are also considered to cause inflammation
Bio-Screening Control Lab Testing
AAGP™ testing is conducted to international standards in outsourced research laboratories in North America and Europe. All tests are designed to explore both the safety and effectiveness of AAGP™ when challenged to enhance the health and extend the life of cells.
Test Results Summary
Cells that were tested in the presence of AAGP™ had a higher survival and viability rate than the controls. The overall effect of AAGP™ is to protect, preserve and in some cases to repair. Anti-inflammatory effects appear to be at work, although the mechanism and pathways of action are not yet determined. AAGP™ appears to enhance heath and extend cell life.
The test results are considered preliminary. The limited number of samples and extent of the tests are designed to investigate the potential attributes of AAGP™ and should not be considered as statistically or scientifically conclusive. Notwithstanding, we feel the results are sufficient to justify further tests by commercial entities in health care.
AAGP™ Commercial Applications
The extent of the value of the ProtoKinetix family of AAGPs™ is being investigated by companies and the Company is targeting commercial entities specializing in regenerative medicine, cellular and tissue therapies, organ transplantation, trauma, blood product banking, anti- inflammation and cosmetics/skin care.
Skincare and Cosmetics
Industry sources estimate that the skincare market in the USA, including both mass and prestige, will reach $7.2 billion by 2010, driven in part by expected double-digit growth of anti-aging products, which is likely to become the second largest category behind hand & body lotions in the industry.
According to the Johnson and Johnson 2003 Annual Report, the global skin care and cosmetics market is already running easily in the tens of billions at some $43 billion dollars per year.
In the skin care business it’s about healthier, younger looking skin. The two major causes of dry, wrinkled, less elastic or even diseased skin are inflammation and oxidation. The main culprits are the sun (UV rays and free radicals) and other environmental and physiological stresses that also cause inflammation and oxidation.
When AAGP™ is combined with Coenzyme Q10 a powerful anti-oxidant effect is achieved that not only protects but also seems to help the cells repair previously existing damage. In vitro laboratory tests have shown the AAGP™ molecules can protect in vitro skin cells from damage and death that would otherwise occur from UV rays and free radicals. To the extent of the laboratory tests conducted, AAGP™ appears to protect in vitro skin cells from cold temperatures, oxidation, UV irradiation and pH variations.
Health Care
Acute medical problems are increasingly reliant on, and benefit from, solutions that can deal with the fundamental factors of inflammation and oxidation. Both are well-known causes of life-threatening conditions and diseases, and accelerated aging. In addition many acute medical problems are benefiting from cell therapies and transplantation of cells, tissues and time sensitive organs.
Health Care Applications of AAGP™ fall into two main categories: (i) harvesting, storage and transplanting cells, tissues and organs; and (ii) treatments for conditions and disease caused by stress factors, including UV radiation, oxidation and inflammation. These are all areas that expand into many sub-categories of existing and future health care solutions.
Intellectual Property
Because it is difficult and costly to protect our proprietary rights, we may not be able to ensure their protection. Our commercial success will depend in part on maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection for our products, as well as successfully defending these patents against third-party challenges. We will only be able to protect our technologies from unauthorized use by third parties to the extent that valid and enforceable patents or trade secrets cover them.
The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in pharmaceutical or biotechnology patents has emerged to date in the United States. The patent situation outside the United States is even more uncertain. Changes in either the patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States and other countries may diminish the value of our intellectual property. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced in our patents or in third-party patents.
Patents
As of the date of this Report, our development agents, including the parties we have licensed AAGP™ technologies from, have applied to receive patents for technologies we have licensed and continue to primarily base our research efforts on. At present, we have engaged the patent law firm of Cabinet-Moutard of Versaille, France, and have filed a number of international patent applications. These patent applications include:
WO 2004/014928 A2 (19 February 2004)
PCT Int. Appl. (2006), 87 pp. WO2006059227 A1 20060608 AN 2006:538719
Patent application: Fr 03 May 2006, 06 03952
Consistent with our agreements with the licensors of various technologies we license, we have no finished commercial product or products, and have received no final patents awards or FDA approvals for any product or diagnostic procedures. We are focused on the research and development of one primary compound known as AAGP™, which we have filed a trademark application for.
Subject to our available financial resources, our intellectual property strategy is: (1) to pursue licenses, trade secrets, and know-how within our primary research areas, and (2) to develop and acquire proprietary positions to reagents and new platforms for the development of products related to these technologies.
Trade Secrets and Know-How
The Company has developed a substantial body of trade secrets and know-how relating to the development, use and manufacture of AAGP™, including but not limited to the optimization of materials for efforts, and how to maximize sensitivity, speed-to-result, specificity, stability, purity and reproducibility.
Super Antibody and Catalytic Antibody Platform Technologies
The Company continues to own the rights to both the Super Antibody and the Catalytic Antibody platform technologies. The Company plans to, as a secondary priority and subject to available resources, search for a patentable receptor sites that exist on cancer cells.
Competition
The markets that the Company is focusing on are multi-billion dollar international industries. They are intensely competitive. Many of the Company’s competitors are substantially larger and have greater financial, research, manufacturing, and marketing resources.
Industry competition in general is based on the following:
Scientific and technological capability;
Proprietary know-how;
The ability to develop and market products and processes;
The ability to obtain FDA or other required regulatory approvals;
The ability to manufacture products that meet applicable FDA requirements, (i.e. FDA’s Quality System Regulations) see Governmental Regulation section;
Access to adequate capital;
The ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; and
The availability of patent protection.
The Company believes its scientific and technological capabilities are significant.
The Company’s ability to develop its research is in large measure dependent on having sufficient and additional resources and/or collaborative relationships.
The Company’s access to capital is more challenging, relative to most of its competitors. This is a competitive disadvantage. The Company believes however that its access to capital may increase as it gets closer to the development of a commercially viable product.
The Company believes that its research has enabled it to attract and retain qualified consultants. Because of the greater financial resources of many of its competitors, the Company may not be able to complete effectively for the same individuals to the extent that a competitor uses its substantial resources to attract any such individuals.
Governmental Regulation
The Company’s AAGPs™ have commercial applications in markets and circumstances that fall under government regulations ranging from none to limited to extensive.
Although there is no such immediate need to make any regulatory filing in the United States or other jurisdictions, the Company has limited or no experience with regard to obtaining FDA or other required regulatory approvals. The Company intends to retain the services of appropriately experienced consultants. For this reason, should our research efforts continue to show promise, we will need to hire consultants to assist the Company with such governmental regulations.
As the Company continues to conduct research and testing programs, in collaboration with commercial entities, to expand and confirm the potential medical applications of AAGP™ in the a number of fields, including regenerative medicine, cell therapy, blood products, transplants and skin care/cosmetics, the Company intends to utilize the regulatory expertise of others, whether they are consultants or commercial entities involved on collaborative development programs with the Company.
The following discussion relates to factors that may come into play when and if the Company has a commercially viable product in an area which requires regulatory approval. These products may be regulated by the European regulatory agencies, FDA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, certain state and local agencies, and/or comparable regulatory bodies in other countries (collectively, these agencies shall be referred to as the "Agencies"). Government regulation affects almost all aspects of development, production, and marketing, including product testing, authorizations to market, labeling, promotion, manufacturing, and record keeping. The FDA and U.S. Department of Agriculture regulated products require some form of action by that agency before they can be marketed in the United States, and, after approval or clearance, the products must continue to comply with other FDA requirements applicable to marketed products. Both before and after approval or clearance, failure to comply with the FDA’s requirements can lead to significant penalties. The Company's proposed AAGP™ products will require government regulatory approval as a biologic agent. Such regulatory approval will be granted only after the appropriate preclinical and clinical studies are conducted to confirm efficacy and safety.
Every company that manufactures biologic products or medical devices distributed in the United States must comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulations. These regulations govern the manufacturing process, including design, manufacture, testing, release, packaging, distribution, documentation, and purchasing. Compliance with the Quality System Regulations is required before the FDA will approve an application. These requirements also apply to marketed products. Companies are also subject to other post-market and general requirements, including compliance with restrictions imposed on marketed products, compliance with promotional standards, record keeping, and reporting of certain adverse reactions or events. The FDA regularly inspects companies to determine compliance with the Quality System Regulations and other post-approval requirements. Failure to comply with statutory requirements and the FDA’s regulations can lead to substantial penalties, including monetary penalties, injunctions, product recalls, seizure of products, and criminal prosecution.
The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988 prohibits laboratories from performing in vitro tests for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of any disease or impairment of, or the assessment of, the health of human beings unless there is in effect for such laboratories a certificate issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services applicable to the category of examination or procedure performed. Although a certificate is not required for ProtoKinetix, ProtoKinetix considers the applicability of the requirements of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act in the potential design and development of its products.
The Company is also subject to regulations in foreign countries governing products, human clinical trials and marketing, and may need to obtain approval or evaluations by international public health agencies, such as the World Health Organization, in order to sell products in certain countries. Approval processes vary from country to country, and the length of time required for approval or to obtain other clearances may in some cases be longer than that required for U.S. governmental approvals. The extent of potentially adverse governmental regulation affecting ProtoKinetix that might arise from future legislative or administrative action cannot be predicted.
Environmental Laws
To date, the Company has not encountered any costs relating to compliance with any environmental laws.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company does not own any real property. The Company is currently paying a rental fee where it is located.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are currently no legal matters pending.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
There was no vote by shareholders without a meeting and no shareholder meetings were held during the year ended December 31, 2010.
PART II
ITEM 5.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Trades of our common stock are subject to Rule 15g-9 of the Securities and Exchange Commission, known as the Penny Stock Rule. This rule imposes requirements on broker/dealers who sell securities subject to the rule to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. For transactions covered by the rule, brokers/dealers must make a special suitability determination for purchasers of the securities and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction prior to sale. The Securities and Exchange Commission also has rules that regulate broker/dealer practices in connection with transactions in "penny stocks." Penny stocks generally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQ system, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in that security is provided by the exchange or system). The Penny Stock Rules requires a broker/ dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the Commission that provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market. The broker/dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker/dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. The bid and offer quotations, and the broker/dealer and salesperson compensation information, must be given to the customer orally or in writing prior to effecting the transaction and must be given to the customer in writing before or with the customer’s confirmation. These disclosure requirements have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity in the secondary market for our common stock. As a result of these rules, investors may find it difficult to sell their shares.
The Company's Common Stock is quoted on the over-the-counter market and quoted on the National Association of Securities Dealers Electronic Bulletin Board ("OTC Bulletin Board") under the symbol "PKTX". The high and low bid prices for the Common Stock, as reported by the National Quotation Bureau, Inc., are indicated for the periods described below. Such prices are inter-dealer prices without retail markups, markdowns or commissions, and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
Low High
First Quarter $.07 $.12
Second Quarter .08 .14
Third Quarter .05 .12
Fourth Quarter .03 .07
Low High
First Quarter $.09 $.17
Second Quarter .07 .13
Third Quarter .08 .18
Fourth Quarter .07 .11
Holders
As of March 22, 2011, there were approximately 67 shareholders of record of the company's Common Stock.
Dividends
We have never paid cash dividends and have no plans to do so in the foreseeable future. Our future dividend policy will be determined by our board of directors and will depend upon a number of factors, including our financial condition and performance, our cash needs and expansion plans, income tax consequences, and the restrictions that applicable laws, our current preferred stock instruments, and our future credit arrangements may then impose.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds From Registered Securities
There have been no sales of unregistered securities during calendar 2010 which would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 701 of Regulation S-K, except for the following:
On January 25, 2010, we issued 1,095,000 common shares to consultants in connection with consulting agreements. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
On January 25, 2010, we issued a total of 1,250,000 common shares and warrants to investors in connection with a private placement for a total sales price of $125,000. These issuances were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On March 16, 2010, we issued 600,000 common shares to consultants in connection with consulting agreements. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On April 1, 2010, we issued 250,000 common shares to a consultant in connection with a consulting agreement. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On May 13, 2010, we issued 922,000 common shares to consultants in connection with consulting agreements. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
On June 15, 2010, we issued 200,000 common shares to a consultant in connection with a consulting agreement. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On July 1, 2010, we issued 650,000 common shares to consultants in connection with consulting agreements. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On July 14, 2010, we issued 200,000 common shares to a consultant in connection with a consulting agreement. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On August 19, 2010, we issued 300,000 common shares to a consultant in connection with a consulting agreement. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On September 8, 2010, we issued a total of 750,000 common shares and warrants to investors in connection with a private placement for a total sales price of $75,000. These issuances were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On September 8, 2010, we issued a total of 250,000 common shares and warrants to an investor to settle $25,000 of short term loan. These issuances were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On September 15, 2010, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized to issue 7,600,000 shares to the Company’s directors, officers and consultants.
On October 1, 2010, we issued 250,000 common shares to a consultant in connection with a consulting agreement. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On December 30, we issued 583,000 common shares to a consultant in connection with a consulting agreement. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
Disclosure Related to Form S-8 Issuances
Prior to issuing any common shares under Form S-8, the Company requests and receives an executed verification from all issuees stating that the issuee is a natural person and that: (a) the shares being issued are not being provided to create or sustain a market for the Company's securities, and (b) that the shares are not being issued as a part of a capital raising transaction. All consultants to the Company are required to provide work product as a part of and condition to their relationship with the Company. Consultant work product is delivered in accordance with the terms and conditions of each respective Consultant’s agreement.
ITEM 6
ITEM 6
The following selected financial information as of and for the dates and periods indicated have been derived from our audited financial statements. The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of results of future operations, and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” in Part II, Item 7
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Financial Statements and related notes. Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of any contingent liabilities at the financial statement date and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis we review our estimates and assumptions. Our estimates were based on our historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results are likely to differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions, but we do not believe such differences will materially affect our financial position or results of operations. Our critical accounting policies, the policies we believe are most important to the presentation of our financial statements and require the most difficult, subjective and complex judgments, are outlined below in "Critical Accounting Policies," and have not changed significantly.
In addition, certain statements made in this report may constitute "forward-looking statements." These forward-looking statements involve known or unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance, or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Specifically, 1) our ability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals for our products; and 2) our ability to increase revenues and operating income, is dependent upon our ability to develop and sell our products, general economic conditions, and other factors. You can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "intends," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "continues" or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected-in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our critical and significant accounting policies, including the assumptions and judgments underlying them, are as follows:
Share-Based Compensation
The Company has granted warrants and options to purchase shares of the Company's common stock to various parties for consulting services. The fair values of the warrants and options issued have been estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under "Share-Based Payment," which requires measurement of compensation cost for all stock-based awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognition of compensation over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
The Company accounts for stock compensation arrangements with non-employees in accordance with FASB Codification 505 - 50 “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees”, which require that such equity instruments are recorded at their fair value on the measurement date. The measurement of stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustment as the underlying instruments vest. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model and the compensation charges are amortized over the vesting period.
Expenses
Our expenses in 2010 were $1,397,412 which consisted of $47,507 in professional legal and accounting expenses. We operate the company by hiring outside consultants to assist us with management, strategic planning, organization and daily operations. These professional consulting fees amounted to $951,369. These professional consulting services related to marketing and investment banking services including financing, capitalization and merger opportunities. Additional professional consulting fees have been included in product research and development totaling $161,508.
Plan of Operation
Our current operations are centered around the Company's relationships with various research and development consultants who are conducting research on behalf of the company at discrete and established laboratories in various parts of the world. The Company intends to continue these efforts throughout 2011.
Sales and Marketing
The Company is currently not selling or marketing any products.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At December 31, 2010, we had $14,412 in cash and $69,175 in total current assets. As of the date of this report, we require additional capital investments or borrowed funds to meet cash flow projections and carry forward our business objectives. There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise capital from outside sources in sufficient amounts to fund our new business.
The failure to secure adequate outside funding would have an adverse affect on our plan of operation and results therefrom and a corresponding negative impact on shareholder liquidity.
Inflation
Although management expects that our operations will be influenced by general economic conditions, we do not believe that inflation had a material effect on our results of operations during the year ending December 31, 2010.
Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. The history of losses and the inability for the Company to make a profit from selling a good or service has raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. In spite of the fact that the current cash obligations of the Company are relatively minimal, given the cash position of the Company, we have very little cash to operate. We intend to fund the Company and attempt to meet corporate obligations by selling common stock. However the Company's common stock is at a low price and is not actively traded.
Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2010.
We had $0 in net revenues.
We had a $1,388,772 net loss from operations for 2010.
ITEM 7A
ITEM 7A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We face exposure to fluctuations in the price of our common stock due to the very limited cash resources we have. For example, the Company has very limited resources to pay legal and accounting professionals. If we are unable to pay a legal or accounting professional in order to perform various professional services for the company, it may be difficult, if not impossible, for the Company to maintain its reporting status under the '34 Exchange Act. If the Company felt that it was likely that it would not be able to maintain its reporting status, it would make a disclosure by filing a Form 8-K with the SEC. In any case, if the Company was not able to maintain its reporting status, it would become "delisted" and this would potentially cause an investor or an existing shareholder to lose all or part of his investment.
ITEM 8.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
FINANCIAL REPORT
DECEMBER 31, 2010
C O N T E N T S
DAVIDSON & COMPANY LLP
A Partnership of Incorporated Professionals
Chartered Accountants
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Protokinetix, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Protokinetix, Inc. (a development stage company (“the Company”)) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related statements of operations, stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 and for the period from December 23, 1999 (date of inception) to December 31, 2010. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Protokinetix, Inc. (a development stage company) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 and for the period from December 23, 1999 (date of inception) to December 31, 2010 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has experienced recurring losses from operations since inception, has a working capital deficit, and has a deficit accumulated during the development stage. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans regarding these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
“DAVIDSON & COMPANY LLP”
Vancouver, Canada
Chartered Accountants
March 25, 2011
1200 - 609 Granville Street, P.O. Box 10372, Pacific Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V7Y 1G6
Telephone (604) 687-0947 Fax (604) 687-6172
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
BALANCE SHEETS
As at December 31,
See Notes to Financial Statements
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, and for the Period from
December 23, 1999 (Date of Inception) to December 31,
See Notes to Financial Statements
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
For the Period from December 23, 1999 (Date of Inception) to December 31, 2010
See Notes to Financial Statements
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(Continued)
For the Period from December 23, 1999 (Date of Inception) to December 31, 2010
See Notes to Financial Statements
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(Continued)
For the Period from December 23, 1999 (Date of Inception) to December 31, 2010
See Notes to Financial Statements
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(Continued)
For the Period from December 23, 1999 (Date of Inception) to December 31, 2010
See Notes to Financial Statements
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(Continued)
For the Period from December 23, 1999 (Date of Inception) to December 31, 2010
See Notes to Financial Statements
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, and for the Period from
December 23, 1999 (Date of Inception) to December 31,
See Notes to Financial Statements
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2009
Note 1. Basis of Presentation - Going Concern Uncertainties
ProtoKinetix, Incorporated (the "Company"), a development stage company, was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on December 23, 1999. The Company is a medical research company whose mission is the advancement of human health care.
In 2003, the Company entered into an assignment of license agreement (the "Agreement") with BioKinetix, Inc., an Alberta, Canada, corporation. The Agreement provided the Company with an exclusive assignment of all of the rights (the "Rights") that BioKinetix possessed relating to proprietary technologies that are being developed for the creation and commercialization of "superantibodies," an enhancement of antibody technology that makes ordinary antibodies much more lethal. In consideration, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the Company to issue 16,000,000 shares of its common stock to the shareholders of BioKinetix.
The Company is also currently researching the benefits and feasibility of proprietary synthesized Antifreeze Glycoproteins ("AFGP"). In preliminary studies, AFGP has demonstrated an ability to protect and preserve human cells at temperatures below freezing.
The Company's financial statements are prepared consistent with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States applicable to a going concern.
As shown in the financial statements, the Company has not developed a commercially viable product, has not generated any significant revenue to date, and has incurred losses since inception, resulting in a net accumulated deficit at December 31, 2010. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
The Company needs additional working capital to continue its medical research or to be successful in any future business activities and continue to pay its liabilities. Therefore, continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining the additional working capital necessary to accomplish its objective. Management is presently engaged in seeking additional working capital through equity financing or related party loans.
The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments to the recorded assets or liabilities that might be necessary should the Company fail in any of the above objectives and is unable to operate for the coming year.
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and are expressed in U.S. dollars. The financial statements have been prepared under the guidelines of Accounting and Reporting by Development Stage Enterprises. A development stage enterprise is one in which planned principal operations have not commenced, or if its operations have commenced, there have been no significant revenues therefrom. As of December 31, 2010, we had not commenced our planned principal operations.
Use of Estimates
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The more significant accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of the Company's financial statements include estimates as to valuation of equity related instruments issued.
Cash
Cash consists of funds held in checking accounts. Cash balances may exceed federally insured limits from time to time.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments, including cash, accounts payable, short-term loan and convertible note payable are carried at cost, which management believes approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the guidance of Fair Value Measurements which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted the policy for financial assets and liabilities, as well as for any other assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis. The adoption of the provisions of this accounting policy did not materially impact the Company’s financial position and results of operations.
The policy defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The policy also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The policy describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 - quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable
Level 3 - inputs that are unobservable (for example cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions)
Level 1 input is used to measure cash. At December 31, 2010 there were no other assets or liabilities subject to additional disclosure.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue when a sale is made, the fee is fixed or determinable, collectability is probable, and no significant company obligations remain.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company's financial statements or tax returns. In estimating future tax consequences, the Company generally considers all expected future events other than enactments of changes in the tax laws or rates.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Earnings per Share and Potentially Dilutive Securities
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding in the period. The Company's stock split 1:75 on August 24, 2001. In April 2002, the Board of Directors approved a 2.5 for 1 split of the Company's stock. The accompanying financial statements are presented on a post-split basis. Diluted loss per share takes into consideration common shares outstanding (computed under basic earnings per share) and potentially dilutive securities. The effect of 11,080,000 outstanding warrants, 250,000 outstanding options and debt convertible into 1,200,000 common shares was not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for all periods presented because it was anti-dilutive due to the Company's losses. Common stock issuable is considered outstanding as of the original approval date for purposes of earnings per share computations.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company has granted warrants and options to purchase shares of the Company's common stock to various parties for consulting services. The fair values of the warrants and options issued have been estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under "Share-Based Payment," which requires measurement of compensation cost for all stock-based awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognition of compensation over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
The Company accounts for stock compensation arrangements with non-employees in accordance with FASB Codification 505 - 50 “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees”, which requires that such equity instruments are recorded at their fair value on the measurement date. The measurement of stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustment as the underlying instruments vest. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model and the compensation charges are amortized over the vesting period.
Related Party Transactions
A related party is generally defined as (i) any person that holds 10% or more of the Company's securities and their immediate families, (ii) the Company's management, (iii) someone that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company, or (iv) anyone who can significantly influence the financial and operating decisions of the Company. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In April 2010, the FASB provided an update to address the classification of an employee share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which the underlying equity security trades. FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, provides guidance on the classification of a share-based payment award as either equity or a liability. A share-based payment award that contains a condition that is not a market, performance, or service condition is required to be classified as a liability. This standard is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2010, and for subsequent interim and annual reporting periods thereafter. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a significant effect on the Company's results of operations or financial position.
On January 21, 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-06, which amends ASC 820 to add new requirements for disclosures about transfers into and out of Levels 1 and 2 and separate disclosures about purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements relating to Level 3 measurements. The ASU also clarifies existing fair value disclosures about the level of disaggregation and about inputs and valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Further, the ASU amends guidance on employers' disclosures about postretirement benefit plan assets under ASC 715 to require that disclosures be provided by classes of assets instead of by major categories of assets. The ASU is effective for the first reporting period (including interim periods) beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the requirement to provide the Level 3 activity of purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements on a gross basis, which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2009-06 to have a material impact on the financial statements.
Note 3. Short Term Loan
The short term loan was unsecured, non-interest bearing and was payable on demand. The loan was partially settled by issuing 250,000 share units at $0.10 per unit, and the remaining balance was fully paid during the year. Each share unit consists of one common share and one share purchase warrant exercisable at $0.10 per share till April 15, 2011.
Note 4. Convertible Note Payable
On July 1, 2007, the Company executed a loan agreement under which the Company issued to a corporation an 8% convertible promissory note in exchange for $300,000. The noteholder has the right to demand payment of the outstanding principal and interest at any time with a 30-day grace period. The note bears interest at 8% per annum and is due and payable no later than June 30, 2012. The noteholder has the right to convert the note into shares of the Company's common stock at $0.25 per share. No beneficial conversion feature was applicable to this convertible note.
Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2010, the noteholder demanded the repayment of the loan in cash. The Company negotiated with the noteholder in January 2011 who accepted 9 million common shares of the Company as consideration for the settlement of the loan. (Note 11.)
Note 5. Income Taxes
The Company is liable for taxes in the United States. As of December 31, 2010, the Company did not have any income for tax purposes and therefore, no tax liability or expense has been recorded in these financial statements.
The Company has tax losses of approximately $23,800,000 available to reduce future taxable income. The tax losses expire in years starting from 2028.
The deferred tax asset associated with the tax loss carry forward is approximately $8,100,000 ($7,600,000 for 2009). The Company has provided a full valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset since it is more likely than not that the asset will not be realized. The difference between the Company's statutory income tax rate of (34%) and its effective rate of zero is primarily attributable to the valuation allowance provided on deferred taxes arising from net operating loss carryforwards.
Note 6. Share-Based Compensation
In 2003, the Company adopted its 2003 and 2004 Stock Incentive Plans. Each plan provides for the issuance of incentive and non-qualified shares of the Company's stock to officers, directors, employees, and non-employees. The Board of Directors determines the terms of the shares or options to be granted, including the number of shares or options, the exercise price, and the vesting schedule, if applicable. In 2009 and 2010, the Company issued common shares from both plans to non-employee consultants for services rendered as follows:
Note 7. Stock Options
Stock option transactions are summarized as follows:
At December 31, 2010, the following stock options were outstanding:
Note 8. Warrants
Warrant transactions are summarized as follows:
At December 31, 2010, the following warrants were outstanding:
During 2010, the Company issued 2,250,000 (2009 - 750,000) warrants to purchase common stock at an exercise price of $0.10 (2009 - $0.10) per share pursuant to the terms of private placements closed that is issued to settle short-term loans during the year.
Note 9. Stockholders’ Deficiency
The Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of $0.0000053 par value common stock. Each holder of common stock has the right to one vote but does not have cumulative voting rights. Shares of common stock are not subject to any redemption or sinking fund provisions, nor do they have any preemptive, subscription or conversion rights. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the board of directors, subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights as to dividends. No dividends have been declared or paid as of December 31, 2010.
During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company:
1)
Issued 2,000,000 units in private placements for total proceeds of $200,000, each unit consists of one common share and a warrant to purchase one common share at $0.10;
2)
Issued 12,650,000 shares for services with total valuation of $966,500, of which $911,737 was recorded in consulting and research and development expenses and $54,763 in prepaid expenses which will be amortized through year 2011.
3)
Issued 250,000 units to settle debt of $25,000. Each unit consists of one common share and a warrant to purchase one common share at $0.10.
During the year ended December 31, 2009, the Company
1)
issued 750,000 units in private placements for total proceeds of $75,000, each unit consists of one common share and a warrant to purchase one common share at $0.10;
2)
issued 10,380,500 shares for services with total valuation of $1,009,890, of which $791,461 was recorded in consulting and research and development expenses and $218,429 in prepaid expenses which will be amortized through year 2010.
3)
issued 600,000 shares pursuant to issuable shares as of December 31, 2008.
Note 10. Related Party Transactions
In 2010 the Company issued 1,350,000 shares to the directors for services performed during the year with a fair value of $94,500 (2009 - 1,250,000 shares with a fair value of $125,000).
Note 11. Subsequent Events
Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company:
1) Issued 9 million common shares of the Company to settle the convertible note payable. (Note 4.)
2) Issued 550,000 common shares of the Company for consulting services.
ITEM 9.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
There have been no changes disagreements with our accountants since our formation that are required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 304(b) of Regulation S-K.
ITEM 9A.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Management’s Annual Report on Controls and Procedures
Management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based upon that evaluation, and due to a lack of segregation of duties and lack of management override of controls, management has concluded that, during the period covered in this annual report, such internal controls and procedures were not effective at ensuring that information required to be disclosed in reports filed pursuant to the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the required time periods and is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that internal controls and procedures will prevent all error or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are satisfied. Also, the design of a control system is subject to the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Due to the inherent limitation in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. We have performed additional analysis and other procedures in an effort to ensure the financial statements included in this annual report have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Accordingly, management believes that the financial statements included in this report fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management, including our principal executive officer and principal accounting officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officer and principal accounting officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly specify the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Forward looking statements regarding the effectiveness of internal controls during future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
As required by Rule 13a-15(c) promulgated pursuant to the Exchange Act, our management, including our principal executive officer and principal accounting officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as December 31, 2010. Management’s assessment was based on criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control over Financial Reporting - Guidance for Smaller Public Companies. Management, including our principal executive officer and principal accounting officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, and concluded that it is not effective.
Material Weaknesses Identified
In connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010, certain significant deficiencies in internal control became evident to management that, in the aggregate, represent material weaknesses, which include the following.
Insufficient segregation of duties in our finance and accounting functions due to limited personnel. During the year ended December 31, 2010, we used outside services to perform all aspects of our financial reporting process, including, but not limited to, access to the underlying accounting records and systems, the ability to post and record journal entries and responsibility for the preparation of the financial statements. This creates a lack of review over the financial reporting process that would likely result in a failure to detect errors in spreadsheets, calculations, or assumptions used to compile the financial statements and related disclosures as filed with the SEC. These control deficiencies could result in a material misstatement to our interim or annual financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.
Insufficient corporate governance policies. Although we have a code of ethics which provides broad guidelines for corporate governance, our corporate governance activities and processes are not always formally documented. Specifically, decisions made by our Board of Directors to be carried out by management should be documented and communicated on a timely basis to reduce the likelihood of any misunderstandings regarding key decisions affecting our operations and management.
Plan for Remediation of Material Weaknesses
We intend to take appropriate and reasonable steps to make the necessary improvements to remediate these deficiencies.
We intent to consider the results of our remediation efforts and related testing as part of our year-end 2011 assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report is not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm.
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2010, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
As of March 22, 2011, the Company's current officers and directors consist of the following persons:
Ross L. Senior, LLB
Mr. Senior is our President and Chief Executive Officer. In 2005, Mr. Senior co-founded Rowan All Natural Skin Care, Inc., a Canadian-based provider of skin care products. In 1988, Mr. Senior founded Ross L. Senior and Associates, a business consulting firm, where he maintained his position as principal of the firm from 1988 to 2005. Mr. Senior brings to ProtoKinetix a combination of business, organizational and legal experience through consultation roles in technology research and development institutions and a wide range of businesses including health care, property development, electronics distribution, manufacturing, natural resources, educational institutions and social enterprises.
C. Fred Whittaker
Mr. C. Fred Whittaker is one of our directors. Mr. Whittaker has been in the accounting profession for over 40 years. Mr. Whittaker received his Chartered Accounting designation in 1967, and has worked for various accounting firms, including KPMG, as well as for himself at different times in the past. For the last 15 years, he has worked exclusively for Whittaker & Towler, a regional accounting firm which he founded located in North Vancouver, British Columbia. Currently, Mr. Whittaker is a senior partner at the accounting firm of Whittaker & Associates and has been for the past 30 years.
Dr. Maximilien Arella, PhD
Dr. Arella is one of our Directors. He is not a full time employee and has other outside commitments. For the past twenty years, Dr. Arella has acted as a private consultant advising clients and businesses with technological and scientific development, innovative technology transfer and commercial development from university bench top to commercial developments.
Since 1993, Dr. Arella has carried out two mandates as chairman of the Virology Research Center of the Armand-Frappier Institute/University of Quebec (the “IAF”) during which he held the responsibility of managing both the research and the teaching programs (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) consisting of a team of 20 researchers combined with approximately 100 students and support employees. From 1984 to 1993 Dr. Arella was scholar, assistant professor and professor of Virology at IAF as well as adjunct professor at the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Montreal. He also served as president of the professor association from 1989 to 1992. His academic research is mainly based in the fields of molecular biology, fundamental aspects and applications of the double-stranded RNA virus, as well as amplification systems for the analysis of human and animal viruses, and cancer markers. Throughout his career, he has written 76 scientific publications, 24 scientific reports for research contracts as well as 28 chapters in books and summaries of techniques. He has been invited to give 49 conferences, has presented 198 scientific communications and has submitted 3 patents. Mr. Arella is fluent in English, French and Italian. In addition to his position with ProtoKinetix, Dr. Arella sits on the scientific advisory boards of two additional publicly traded companies, Biophage, Inc. and Viropro, Inc.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliances
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), requires the Company’s directors, executive officers and holders of more than 10% of the Company’s common stock to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of common stock and other equity securities of the Company. The Company believes that during the year ended December 31, 2007, its officers, directors and holders of more than 10% of the Company’s common stock complied with all Section 16(a) filing requirements.
Code of Ethics
Effective March 31, 2006, our board of directors adopted the ProtoKinetix, Inc. Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. The board of directors believes that our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics provides standards that are reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote the following: (1) honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; (2) full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that we file with, or submits to, the Securities and Exchange Commission; (3) compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations; the prompt internal reporting of violations of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics to an appropriate person or persons; and (4) accountability for adherence to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.
Identification of Audit Committee; Audit Committee Financial Expert
The Company currently does not have an audit committee and has not made a determination of whether there is a financial expert.
ITEM 11.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table summarizes the annual compensation paid to ProtoKinetix’s named executive officers for the two years ended December 31, 2010, and 2009:
Options/SAR Grants in the Last Fiscal Year
N/A
Chief Executives Officer’s compensation
During fiscal year 2010, no compensation was issued to our Chief Executive Officer.
Compensation of Directors
Directors receive no remuneration for their services as directors at this time. The Company has adopted no retirement, pension, profit sharing or other similar programs.
ITEM 12.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Company’s Common Stock as of December 31, 2010 based on information available to the Company by (i) each person who is known by the Company to own more than 5% of the outstanding Common Stock based upon reports filed by such persons within the Securities and Exchange Commission; (ii) each of the Company’s directors; (iii) each of the Named Executive Officers; and (iv) all officers and directors of the Company as a group.
Name and Address Shares Beneficially Owned Percent of Class
Ross L. Senior (1) 1,660,000 2.0%
Mr. C. Fred Whittaker (2) 820,000 Less than 1%
Dr. Maximilien Arella(3) 800,000 Less than 1%
TOTAL 3,280,000 3.9%
(1) The address is 2225 Folkestone Way, West Vancouver, BC V7S 2Y6 Canada
(2)
The address is 2225 Folkestone Way, West Vancouver, BC V7S 2Y6 Canada
(3)
The address is 2225 Folkestone Way, West Vancouver, BC V7S 2Y6 Canada
A person is deemed to be the beneficial owner of securities that can be acquired by such person within 60 days from the date of the registration statement upon the exercise of options or warrants. Each beneficial owner's percentage ownership is determined by assuming that options or warrants that are held by such person and which are exercisable within 60 days of the date of this registration statement have been exercised. Unless otherwise indicated, the company believes that all persons named in the table have voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them.
ITEM 13.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
N/A
ITEM 14.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Audit Fees
For the year ended December 31, 2010, Davidson &Company LLP, the Company’s principal accountants billed the Company $22,500 for fees for the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements.
Audit-Related Fees
For the years ended December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, Davidson & Company LLP did not provide the Company with any assurances or related services reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s financial statements and are not reported above under "Audit Fees."
Tax Fees
For the years ended December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, Davidson and Company LLP did not bill for professional services for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning.
All Other Fees
For the years ended December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, Davidson & Company LLP did not bill the Company for fees associated with the preparation and filing of the Company’s registration statements, the creation of pro forma financial statements and other related matters.
For the year ended December 31, 2010, Davidson & Company LLP billed the Company $14,892 for fees for the review of the Company’s quarterly financial statements.
Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies
The Company currently does not have an audit committee. The Company’ Board of Directors currently approves in advance all audit and non-audit related services performed by the Company’s principal accountants.
PART IV
ITEM 15.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) Exhibits.
Signatures
In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
/s/ Ross L. Senior
By: Ross L. Senior, LLP
Its: Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated as of the date of this report.
/s/ Ross L. Senior
By: Ross L. Senior, LLP
Its: Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
/s/ C. Fred Whittaker
By: C. Fred Whittaker
Its: Director
/s/ Maximilien Arella
By: Dr. Maximilien Arella, PhD
Its: Director