ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
History and Development of Business
Founded by William R. Kelly in 1946, Kelly Services has delivered pioneering workforce solutions to customers in a variety of industries throughout our 62-year history. Our range of solutions and geographic coverage has grown steadily over the years to match the expanding needs of our customers.
We have evolved from a United States-based company concentrating primarily on traditional office staffing into a global workforce solutions leader with a breadth of specialty businesses. We currently assign professional and technical employees in the fields of creative services, education, legal, and health care-while ranking as one of the world’s largest scientific staffing providers, and among the leaders in information technology, engineering, and financial staffing. These specialty service lines complement our traditional expertise in office services, contact center, light industrial, and electronic assembly staffing. We also offer innovative talent management solutions for our customers including outsourcing, consulting, recruitment, career transition, and vendor management services.
Geographic Breadth of Services
Headquartered in Troy, Michigan, we serve customers in all major staffing markets throughout the world. We provide temporary employment for approximately 650,000 employees annually to a variety of customers around the globe-including more than 90 percent of the Fortune 500 companies.
We offer workforce solutions to a diversified group of customers through offices in three regions: the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (“EMEA”) and Asia Pacific (“APAC”).
Description of Business Segments
Our operations are divided into seven principal business segments: Americas Commercial, Americas Professional and Technical (“Americas PT”), EMEA Commercial, EMEA Professional and Technical (“EMEA PT”), APAC Commercial, APAC Professional and Technical (“APAC PT”) and Outsourcing and Consulting Group (“OCG”).
Americas Commercial
Our Americas Commercial segment includes: Kelly Office Services, offering trained employees who work in word processing, data entry, and as administrative support staff; KellyConnect, providing staff on-site and remotely for contact centers, technical support hotlines, and telemarketing units; Kelly Educational Staffing, the first nationwide program supplying qualified substitute teachers; Kelly Marketing Services, including support staff for seminars, sales, and trade shows; Kelly Electronic Assembly Services, providing technicians to serve the technology, aerospace, and pharmaceutical industries; Kelly Light Industrial Services, placing maintenance workers, material handlers, assemblers, and more; KellySelect, a temporary to full-time service that provides both customers and temporary staff the opportunity to evaluate their relationship before making a full-time employment decision; and KellyDirect, a permanent placement service used across all staffing business units.
Americas PT
Our Americas PT segment includes a number of industry-specific services: CGR/seven, placing employees in creative services positions; Kelly Automotive Services Group, placing employees in a variety of technical, non-technical, and administrative positions with major automotive manufacturers and their suppliers; Kelly Engineering Resources, supplying engineering professionals across all disciplines including aeronautical, chemical, civil/structural, electrical/instrumentation, environmental, industrial, mechanical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, quality, and telecommunications; Kelly Financial Resources, serving the needs of corporate finance departments, accounting firms, and financial institutions with professional personnel; Kelly Government Solutions, providing a full spectrum of talent management solutions to the US federal government; Kelly Healthcare Resources, providing all levels of healthcare specialists and professionals for work in hospitals, ambulatory care centers, HMOs and other health insurance companies; Kelly IT Resources, placing information technology specialists across all IT disciplines; Kelly Law Registry, placing legal professionals including attorneys, paralegals, contract administrators, compliance specialists, and legal administrators; and Kelly Scientific Resources, providing entry-level to Ph.D. professionals to a broad spectrum of scientific and clinical research industries. Our temporary-to-hire service, KellySelect, and permanent placement service, KellyDirect, are also offered in this segment.
EMEA Commercial
Our EMEA Commercial segment provides a similar range of commercial staffing services as described for our Americas Commercial segment above, including: Kelly Office Services, KellyConnect, Kelly Educational Staffing, Kelly Light Industrial Services and KellySelect. Additional service areas of focus include Kelly Catering and Hospitality, providing various chefs, porters, and hospitality representatives; and Kelly Industrial, supplying manual workers to semi-skilled professionals in a variety of trade, non-trade and operational positions.
EMEA PT
Our EMEA PT segment provides many of the same services as described for our Americas PT segment above, including: Kelly Engineering Resources, Kelly Financial Resources, Kelly Healthcare Resources, Kelly IT Resources, Kelly Scientific Resources and KellySelect. Kelly is also placing increased emphasis on cross-border recruitment for professional and technical opportunities across this region through our Kelly International Recruitment service line.
APAC Commercial
Our APAC Commercial segment provides many of the same commercial staffing services as described for our Americas and EMEA Commercial segments above, including: Kelly Office Services, KellyConnect, Kelly Marketing Services, Kelly Light Industrial Services, Kelly Hospitality, KellySelect, and KellyDirect. An additional service area includes Kelly Exhibition & Promotions, which focuses on providing staffing solutions for trade shows and exhibitions.
APAC PT
Our APAC PT segment provides many of the same services as described for our Americas and EMEA PT segments above, including: Kelly Engineering Resources, Kelly Financial Resources, Kelly IT Resources, Kelly Scientific Resources, KellySelect, and KellyDirect.
OCG
Our Outsourcing and Consulting Group segment delivers integrated talent management solutions configured to satisfy our customers’ needs across multiple regions, skill sets, and the entire spectrum of human resources challenge. Services in this segment include: Recruitment Process Outsourcing (“RPO”), offering talent acquisition and HR solutions from RPO and HR consulting to customized recruitment projects; Contingent Workforce Outsourcing (“CWO”), providing globally managed service solutions that integrate supplier and vendor management technology partners to optimize contingent workforce spend; Independent Contractor Solutions, delivering evaluation, classification, and risk management services that improve success with this critical talent pool; Business Process Outsourcing (“BPO”), offering full staffing and operational management of non-core functions or departments; HR Consulting, providing human capital solutions from consulting resources and services, to global mobility and strategic workforce planning; Career Transition & Organizational Effectiveness, offering a range of custom solutions to maintain effective operations and maximize employee motivation and performance in wake of corporate restructurings; and Executive Search, providing leadership in executive placement worldwide.
Financial information regarding our industry segments is included in the Segment Disclosure note to our consolidated financial statements presented in Part II, Item 8 of this report.
Business Objectives
Kelly’s philosophy is rooted in our conviction that we can and do make a difference on a daily basis-for our customers, in the lives of our employees, in the local communities we serve and in our industry. We aspire to be a strategic business partner to our customers, and strive to assist them in running efficient, profitable organizations. Our consultative approach to customer relationships leverages a collective expertise spanning more than 60 years of thought leadership, while Kelly solutions are customizable to benefit them on any scope or scale required.
For most of our customers, navigating the human capital arena has never been more complex. As the use of contingent labor, consultants, and independent contractors becomes more prevalent and critical to the ongoing success of our customer base-our core competencies are refined to help them realize their respective business objectives. Whether providing traditional staffing services, streamlined technology, or our integrated suite of talent management solutions-Kelly will continue to deliver the strategic expertise our customers need to transform their workforce management challenges into opportunity.
Business Operations
Service Marks
We own numerous service marks that are registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office, the European Union Community Trademark Office and numerous individual country trademark offices.
Seasonality
Our quarterly operating results are affected by the seasonality of our customers’ businesses. Demand for staffing services historically has been lower during the first and fourth quarters, in part as a result of holidays, and typically increases during the second and third quarters of the year.
Working Capital
We believe there are no unusual or special working capital requirements in the staffing services industry.
Customers
We are not dependent on any single customer, or a limited segment of customers. Our largest single customer accounted for approximately four percent of total revenue in 2008.
Government Contracts
Although we conduct business under various federal, state, and local government contracts, they do not account for a significant portion of our business.
Competition
The worldwide temporary staffing industry is competitive and highly fragmented. In the United States, approximately 100 competitors operate nationally, and approximately 10,000 smaller companies compete in varying degrees at local levels. Additionally, several similar staffing companies compete globally. In 2008, our largest competitors were Adecco, S.A., Manpower, Inc., Randstad Holding N.V., Spherion Corporation, Allegis Group and Robert Half International, Inc.
Key factors that influence our success are geographic coverage, breadth of service, quality of service, and price.
Geographic presence is of utmost importance, as temporary employees are generally unwilling to travel great distances for assignment, and customers prefer working with companies in their local market. Breadth of service has become more critical as customers seek “one-stop shopping” for all their staffing needs.
Quality of service is highly dependent on the availability of qualified, competent temporary employees, and our ability to recruit, screen, train, retain, and manage a pool of employees who match the skills required by particular customers. Conversely, during an economic downturn, we must balance competitive pricing pressures with the need to retain a qualified workforce. Price competition in the staffing industry is intense-particularly for office clerical and light industrial personnel-and pricing pressure from customers and competitors continues to be significant.
Environmental Concerns
Because we are involved in a service business, federal, state or local laws that regulate the discharge of materials into the environment do not materially impact us.
Employees
We employ approximately 1,200 people at our corporate headquarters in Troy, Michigan, and approximately 8,900 staff members in our international network of company-owned branch offices. In 2008, we assigned approximately 650,000 temporary employees with a variety of customers around the globe.
While services may be provided inside the facilities of customers, we remain the employer of record for our temporary employees. We retain responsibility for employee assignments, the employer’s share of all applicable payroll taxes and the administration of the employee’s share of these taxes.
Foreign Operations
For information regarding sales, earnings from operations and long-lived assets by domestic and foreign operations, please refer to the information presented in the Segment Disclosures note to our consolidated financial statements, presented in Part II, Item 8 of this report.
Access to Company Information
We electronically file our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The public may read and copy any of the reports that are filed with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F. Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically.
We make available, free of charge, through our Internet website, and by responding to requests addressed to our director of investor relations, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports. These reports are available as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Our website address is: www.kellyservices.com. The information contained on our website, or on other websites linked to our website, is not part of this report.
ITEM 1A.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
We operate in a highly competitive industry with low barriers to entry, and may be unable to compete successfully against existing or new competitors.
The worldwide staffing services market is highly competitive with limited barriers to entry. We compete in global, national, regional and local markets with full-service and specialized temporary staffing companies. While the majority of our competitors are significantly smaller than us, several competitors, including Adecco S.A., Manpower Inc., Randstad Holding N.V., Spherion Corporation, Allegis Group and Robert Half International, Inc., have substantial marketing and financial resources. In particular, Adecco S.A., Manpower Inc., and Randstad Holding N.V. are considerably larger than we are and, thus have significantly more marketing and financial resources than we do. Price competition in the staffing industry is intense, particularly for the provision of office clerical and light industrial personnel. We expect that the level of competition will remain high, which could limit our ability to maintain or increase our market share or profitability.
There has been a significant increase in the number of customers consolidating their staffing services purchases with a single provider or small group of providers. The trend to consolidate purchases has in some cases made it more difficult for us to obtain or retain customers. We also face the risk that our current or prospective customers may decide to provide similar services internally. As a result, there can be no assurance that we will not encounter increased competition in the future.
Our business is significantly affected by fluctuations in general economic conditions.
Demand for staffing services is significantly affected by the general level of economic activity and unemployment in the United States and the other countries in which we operate. When economic activity increases, temporary employees are often added before full-time employees are hired. As economic activity slows, however, many companies reduce their use of temporary employees before laying off full-time employees. We may also experience more competitive pricing pressure during periods of economic downturn. A substantial portion of our revenues and earnings are generated by our business operations in the United States. Any significant economic downturn in the United States or certain other countries in which we operate has a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For 2008, the already-weak economic conditions and employment trends in the U.S., present at the start of the year, continued to worsen as the year progressed. The most notable deterioration occurred in the fourth quarter of 2008 as the economic slowdown became more evident outside the U.S. and anxiety over the global financial crisis intensified. The weakened global economy significantly affected our earnings performance in 2008. We cannot predict when the global economy will begin to recover or when and to what extent conditions affecting the temporary staffing industry will improve. We also cannot ensure that the actions we have taken or may take in the future in response to these challenges will be successful or that our business, financial condition or results of operations will not continue to be adversely impacted by these conditions.
Our loss of major customers or the deterioration of their financial condition or prospects could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our business strategy is increasingly focused on serving large corporate customers through high volume global service agreements. While our strategy is intended to enable us to increase our revenues and earnings from our major corporate customers, the strategy also exposes us to increased risks arising from the possible loss of major customer accounts. In addition, some of our customers are in industries, such as the automotive and manufacturing industries, that have experienced adverse business and financial conditions in recent years. The deterioration of the financial condition or business prospects of these customers could reduce their need for temporary employment services, and result in a significant decrease in the revenues and earnings we derive from these customers.
Our customer contracts contain termination provisions that could decrease our future revenues and earnings.
Most of our customer contracts can be terminated by the customer on short notice without penalty. Our customers are, therefore, not contractually obligated to continue to do business with us in the future. This creates uncertainty with respect to the revenues and earnings we may recognize with respect to our customer contracts.
We depend on our ability to attract and retain qualified temporary personnel.
We depend on our ability to attract qualified temporary personnel who possess the skills and experience necessary to meet the staffing requirements of our customers. We must continually evaluate our base of available qualified personnel to keep pace with changing customer needs. Competition for individuals with proven professional skills is intense, and demand for these individuals is expected to remain strong for the foreseeable future. There can be no assurance that qualified personnel will continue to be available in sufficient numbers and on terms of employment acceptable to us. Our success is substantially dependent on our ability to recruit and retain qualified temporary personnel.
We may be exposed to employment-related claims and losses, including class action lawsuits, that could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Temporary staffing services providers employ and assign personnel in the workplaces of other businesses. The risks of these activities include possible claims relating to:
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discrimination and harassment;
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wrongful termination or denial of employment;
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violations of employment rights related to employment screening or privacy issues;
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classification of employees including independent contractors;
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employment of illegal aliens;
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violations of wage and hour requirements;
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retroactive entitlement to employee benefits; and
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errors and omissions by our temporary employees, particularly for the actions of professionals such as attorneys, accountants and scientists.
We are also subject to potential risks relating to misuse of customer proprietary information, misappropriation of funds, damage to customer facilities due to negligence of temporary employees, criminal activity and other similar claims. We may incur fines and other losses or negative publicity with respect to these problems. In addition, these claims may give rise to litigation, which could be time-consuming and expensive. In the U.S. and certain other countries in which we operate, new employment and labor laws and regulations have been proposed or adopted that may increase the potential exposure of employers to employment-related claims and litigation. There can be no assurance that the corporate policies we have in place to help reduce our exposure to these risks will be effective or that we will not experience losses as a result of these risks. There can also be no assurance that the insurance policies we have purchased to insure against certain risks will be adequate or that insurance coverage will remain available on reasonable terms or be sufficient in amount or scope of coverage.
Unexpected changes in claim trends on our workers’ compensation and benefit plans may negatively impact our financial condition.
We self-insure, or otherwise bear financial responsibility for, a significant portion of expected losses under our workers’ compensation program and medical benefits claims. Unexpected changes in claim trends, including the severity and frequency of claims, actuarial estimates and medical cost inflation could result in costs that are significantly different than initially reported. If future claims-related liabilities increase due to unforeseen circumstances, our costs could increase significantly. There can be no assurance that we will be able to increase the fees charged to our customers in a timely manner and in a sufficient amount to cover increased costs as a result of any changes in claims-related liabilities.
Failure to maintain specified financial ratios in the Company’s bank credit facility could adversely restrict our financial and operating flexibility and subject us to other risks, including access to capital markets.
The Company’s Bank Credit Facility contains covenants that require the Company to maintain specified financial ratios and satisfy other financial conditions. The ability of the Company to meet these financial covenants may be affected by events beyond its control. If the Company defaults under any of these requirements, the lenders could declare all outstanding borrowings, accrued interest and fees to be due and payable or significantly increase the cost of the facility. Our Bank Credit Facility matures in November, 2010. If we are unable to extend or refinance our Bank Credit Facility or the terms applicable to any extension or refinancing are unfavorable to us, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected. In these circumstances, there can be no assurance that the Company would have sufficient liquidity to repay or refinance this indebtedness at favorable rates or at all.
Damage to our key data centers could affect our ability to sustain critical business applications.
Many business processes critical to the Company’s continued operation are housed in the Company’s data center situated within the corporate headquarters complex as well as regional data centers in Asia-Pacific and Europe. Those processes include, but are not limited to, payroll, customer reporting and order management. While we have taken steps to protect the Company’s operations, the loss of a data center would create a substantial risk of business interruption.
Our investment in the PeopleSoft payroll, billing and accounts receivable project may not yield its intended results.
In the fourth quarter of 2004, we commenced the PeopleSoft project to replace our payroll, billing and accounts receivable information systems in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, the United Kingdom and Ireland. To date we have several modules in production including accounts receivable, payroll in Canada and payroll and billing in the United Kingdom and Ireland. We are delaying implementation of the remaining components, including payroll and billing in the United States and billing in Canada, until at least 2010 and do not have an estimate of the cost for completion. There is a risk that if the remaining modules are not completed or the cost of completion is prohibitive, an impairment charge relating to all or a portion of the $6.1 million capitalized cost of the in-process modules could be required.
We are highly dependent on our senior management and the continued performance and productivity of our local management and field personnel.
We are highly dependent on the continued efforts of the members of our senior management. We are also highly dependent on the performance and productivity of our local management and field personnel. The loss of any of the members of our senior management may cause a significant disruption in our business. In addition, the loss of any of our local managers or field personnel may jeopardize existing customer relationships with businesses that use our services based on relationships with these individuals. The loss of the services of members of our senior management could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our business is subject to extensive government regulation, which may restrict the types of employment services we are permitted to offer or result in additional or increased tax or other costs that reduce our revenues and earnings.
The temporary employment industry is heavily regulated in many of the countries in which we operate. Changes in laws or government regulations may result in prohibition or restriction of certain types of employment services we are permitted to offer or the imposition of new or additional benefit, licensing or tax requirements that could reduce our revenues and earnings. There can be no assurance that we will be able to increase the fees charged to our customers in a timely manner and in a sufficient amount to cover increased costs as a result of any changes in laws or government regulations. Any future changes in laws or government regulations may make it more difficult or expensive for us to provide staffing services and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We conduct a significant portion of our operations outside of the United States and we are subject to risks relating to our international business activities, including fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
We conduct our business in all major staffing markets throughout the world. Our operations outside the United States are subject to risks inherent in international business activities, including:
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fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
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varying economic and political conditions;
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differences in cultures and business practices;
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differences in tax laws and regulations;
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differences in accounting and reporting requirements;
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changing and, in some cases, complex or ambiguous laws and regulations; and
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litigation and claims.
Our operations outside the United States are reported in the applicable local currencies and then translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable currency exchange rates for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements. Exchange rates for currencies of these countries may fluctuate in relation to the U.S. dollar and these fluctuations may have an adverse or favorable effect on our operating results when translating foreign currencies into U.S. dollars.
If we fail to maintain effective internal control over our financial reporting, we may cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our management is required to include in our Annual Report on Form 10-K a report that assesses the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K is also required to include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of our internal controls.
Our efforts to comply with Section 404 have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, significant costs, the commitment of time and operational resources and management attention. If our management identifies one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal controls are effective. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent auditors are unable to attest that our management’s report is fairly stated or they are unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls, our business may be harmed. Market perception of our financial condition and the trading price of our stock may also be adversely affected and customer perception of our business may suffer.
Our controlling stockholder exercises voting control over our company and has the ability to elect or remove from office all of our directors.
Terence E. Adderley, the Chairman of our board of directors, and certain trusts with respect to which he acts as trustee or co-trustee, control approximately 92.9% of the outstanding shares of Kelly Class B common stock, which is the only class of our common stock entitled to voting rights. Mr. Adderley is therefore able to exercise voting control with respect to all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election or removal from office of all of our directors.
We are not subject to most of the listing standards that normally apply to companies whose shares are quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market.
Our Class A and Class B common stock are quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market. Under the listing standards of the NASDAQ Global Market, we are deemed to be a “controlled company” by virtue of the fact that Terence E. Adderley, the Chairman of our board of directors, and certain trusts of which he acts as trustee or co-trustee have voting power with respect to more than fifty percent of our outstanding voting stock. A controlled company is not required to have a majority of its board of directors comprised of independent directors. Director nominees are not required to be selected or recommended for the board’s selection by a majority of independent directors or a nominations committee comprised solely of independent directors, nor do the NASDAQ Global Market listing standards require a controlled company to certify the adoption of a formal written charter or board resolution, as applicable, addressing the nominations process. A controlled company is also exempt from NASDAQ Global Market’s requirements regarding the determination of officer compensation by a majority of independent directors or a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors. A controlled company is required to have an audit committee composed of at least three directors, who are independent as defined under the rules of both the Securities and Exchange Commission and the NASDAQ Global Market. The NASDAQ Global Market further requires that all members of the audit committee have the ability to read and understand fundamental financial statements and that at least one member of the audit committee possess financial sophistication. The independent directors must also meet at least twice a year in meetings at which only they are present.
We currently comply with certain of the listing standards of the NASDAQ Global Market that do not apply to controlled companies. Our compliance is voluntary, however, and there can be no assurance that we will continue to comply with these standards in the future.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law may delay or prevent an acquisition of our company.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could make it harder for a third party to acquire us without the consent of our board of directors. For example, our certificate of incorporation establishes a classified or “staggered” board of directors, which means that only approximately one third of our directors are required to stand for election at each annual meeting of our stockholders. In addition, if a potential acquirer were to make a hostile bid for us, the acquirer would not be able to call a special meeting of stockholders to remove our board of directors or act by written consent without a meeting. The acquirer would also be required to provide advance notice of its proposal to replace directors at any annual meeting, and would not be able to cumulate votes at a meeting, which would require the acquirer to hold more shares to gain representation on the board of directors than if cumulative voting were permitted. In addition, our certificate of incorporation requires the approval of the holders of at least 75% of our Class B common stock for certain transactions involving our company, including a merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets that has not been approved by our board of directors.
Our board of directors also has the ability to issue additional shares of common stock that could significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer. In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law limits mergers and other business combination transactions involving 15 percent or greater stockholders of Delaware corporations unless certain board or stockholder approval requirements are satisfied. These provisions and other similar provisions make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us without negotiation.
Our board of directors could choose not to negotiate with an acquirer that it did not believe was in our strategic interests. If an acquirer is discouraged from offering to acquire us or prevented from successfully completing a hostile acquisition by these or other measures, our shareholders could lose the opportunity to sell their shares at a favorable price.
The holders of shares of our Class A common stock are not entitled to voting rights.
Under our certificate of incorporation, the holders of shares of our Class A common stock are not entitled to voting rights, except as otherwise required by Delaware law. As a result, Class A common stock holders do not have the right to vote for the election of directors or in connection with most other matters submitted for the vote of our stockholders.
Our stock price may be subject to significant volatility and could suffer a decline in value.
The market price of our common stock may be subject to significant volatility. We believe that many factors, including several which are beyond our control, have a significant effect on the market price of our common stock. These include:
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actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results;
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announcements of new services by us or our competitors;
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announcements relating to strategic relationships or acquisitions;
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changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;
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changes in general economic conditions;
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actual or anticipated changes in laws and government regulations;
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changes in industry trends or conditions; and
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sales of significant amounts of our common stock or other securities in the market.
In addition, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Global Market in particular, have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of listed companies. These broad market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities. A securities class action suit against us could result in substantial costs, potential liabilities and the diversion of our management’s attention and resources. Further, our operating results may be below the expectations of securities analysts or investors. In such event, the price of our common stock may decline.
ITEM 1B.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
We own our headquarters in Troy, Michigan, where corporate, subsidiary and divisional offices are currently located. The original headquarters building was purchased in 1977. Headquarters operations were expanded into additional buildings purchased in 1991, 1997 and 2001.
The combined usable floor space in the headquarters complex is approximately 350,000 square feet, and an additional 29,000 square feet, commencing on January 1, 2009, is being leased nearby. Our buildings are in good condition and are currently adequate for their intended purpose and use. We also own undeveloped land in Troy and northern Oakland County, Michigan, for possible future expansion.
Branch office business is conducted in leased premises with the majority of leases being fixed for terms of generally five years in the United States and 5 to 10 years outside the United States. We own virtually all of the office furniture and the equipment used in our corporate headquarters and branch offices.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
See Note 17, Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of current legal proceedings.
Disclosure of Certain IRS Penalties
None.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
There were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders in the fourth quarter of 2008.
PART II
ITEM 5.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Market Information and Dividends
Our Class A and Class B common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbols “KELYA” and “KELYB,” respectively. The high and low selling prices for our Class A common stock and Class B common stock as quoted by the NASDAQ Global Market and the dividends paid on the common stock for each quarterly period in the last two fiscal years are reported below:
Holders
The number of holders of record of our Class A and Class B common stock were 5,430 and 417, respectively, as of February 2, 2009.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On August 8, 2007, the board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50 million of the Company’s outstanding Class A common shares. The Company has repurchased $42.7 million of shares in the open market. It has the ability to repurchase additional shares for up to $7.3 million. The repurchase program has a term of 24 months. The Company does not intend to make further share repurchases under the plan. We may reacquire shares outside the program in connection with the surrender of shares to cover taxes due upon the vesting of restricted stock held by employees. 167 shares were reacquired in transactions outside the repurchase program during the Company’s fourth quarter.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total return of our Class A common stock with that of the S&P MidCap 400 Index and the S&P 1500 Human Resources and Employment Services Index for the five years ended December 31, 2008. The graph assumes an investment of $100 on December 31, 2003 and that all dividends were reinvested.
COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN
Assumes Initial Investment of $100
December 31, 2003 - December 31, 2008
ITEM 6.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
The following table summarizes selected financial information of Kelly Services, Inc. and its subsidiaries for each of the most recent five fiscal years. This table should be read in conjunction with the other financial information, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
(1) Fiscal year included 53 weeks.
(2) As discussed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, Kelly Home Care (“KHC”) was sold effective March 31, 2007 for an after-tax gain of $6.2 million. Additionally, Kelly Staff Leasing (“KSL”) was sold effective December 31, 2006 for an after-tax gain of $2.3 million. In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” the gains on the sales as well as KHC’s and KSL’s results of operations for the current and prior periods have been reported as discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated statements of earnings.
ITEM 7.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
Executive Overview
2008 was a very difficult year. The already-weak economic conditions and employment trends in the U.S., present at the start of 2008, continued to worsen as the year progressed. The most notable deterioration occurred in the fourth quarter as the economic slowdown became more evident outside the U.S. and anxiety over the global financial crisis intensified.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, during the year, the U.S. economy lost 2.6 million jobs, compared with 2.1 million jobs created in 2006 and 1.1 million in 2007. Temporary staffing was impacted especially hard, posting 21 consecutive months of year-over-year declines. In fact, the rate of temporary job losses accelerated throughout the year, with December’s drop being the highest in this cycle. Outside of the U.S., the effects of a global recession quickly spread, resulting in almost immediate deterioration of employment markets and temporary staffing.
The weakened global economy significantly affected our earnings performance in 2008. For the year, we recorded a net loss of $2.37 per diluted share, compared to net earnings of $1.67 per diluted share in 2007. Included in those 2008 results are impairment charges of $2.22 per diluted share. Our efforts to implement our strategic plan to diversify business offerings, expand geographically, reduce costs, consolidate facilities and close unprofitable branches helped to mitigate the negative impact of this economic environment.
In spite of these challenges, we did make measurable strategic progress during the year. For example, we:
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Acquired the Portuguese subsidiaries of Randstad Holding N.V., establishing our presence in Portugal, a growing staffing market,
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Expanded into more fee-based businesses through the acquisition of Toner Graham, a specialized accountancy and financial recruiting company headquartered in the U.K.,
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Opened approximately 50 new Professional and Technical, and Outsourcing and Consulting branches outside the U.S., in response to demand for technically skilled, degreed and certified professional workers throughout the world,
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Maintained our overall gross profit rate, despite the weakening economic and labor market, and
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In January 2009, announced a second restructuring plan in the U.K. to bring our infrastructure in line with current U.K. market conditions and labor trends.
We expect to continue the focus on our strategic plan; however, until we witness sustained temporary staffing job creation and signs of a strengthening global economy, we will continue to take decisive actions to minimize short-term risks. We remain committed to prudent cost actions and diligent management of the Company’s balance sheet without impairing our ability to compete and meet the future staffing needs of our customers.
Results of Operations
2008 versus 2007
Revenue from services for 2008 totaled $5.5 billion, a decrease of 2.7% from 2007. This was the result of a decrease in hours worked of 8.3%, partially offset by an increase in average hourly bill rates of 4.1% (3.0% on a constant currency basis). Fee-based income, which is included in revenue from services, totaled $151.4 million, or 2.7% of total revenue for 2008, an increase of 11.1% as compared to $136.3 million in 2007. Revenue decreased in the Americas Commercial and Americas PT business segments and increased in each of the five other business segments. Reflecting the accelerating slowdown in the global economy, the trend in revenue growth during 2008 was negative in all business units, with the largest decline occurring in the fourth quarter.
Compared to 2007, the U.S. dollar was weaker against certain foreign currencies, including the euro and the Swiss franc. As a result, our consolidated U.S. dollar translated revenue was higher than would have otherwise been reported. On a constant currency basis, 2008 revenue from services decreased 3.7% as compared with the prior year. When we use the term “constant currency,” it means that we have translated financial data for 2008 into U.S. dollars using the same foreign currency exchange rates that we used to translate financial data for 2007. We believe that constant currency measurements are an important analytical tool to aid in understanding underlying operating trends without distortion due to currency fluctuations. The table below summarizes the impact of foreign exchange adjustments on revenue from services for 2008:
Gross profit of $977.7 million was 1.2% lower than in 2007. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues was 17.7% in 2008 and increased 0.2 percentage points compared to the 17.5% rate in the prior year. Compared to the prior year, the gross profit rate increased in the EMEA PT and OCG segments, and was flat in the Americas Commercial business segment. The gross profit rate decreased in all other business segments.
The improvement in the gross profit rate is primarily due to growth in fee-based income. Fee-based income has a significant impact on gross profit rates. There are very low direct costs of services associated with fee-based recruitment income. Therefore, increases or decreases can have a disproportionate impact on gross profit rates.
The gross profit rate for 2008 and 2007 also included the effect of French payroll tax credits. During 2007, the French government changed the method of calculating payroll tax credits, retroactive to the beginning of 2006 and on a go-forward basis until October 1, 2007. During 2008, the French government extended eligibility to claim payroll tax credits to 2005. In connection with these changes, $2.4 million of French payroll tax credits were recognized in 2008 and $4.8 million were recognized in 2007.
As more fully described in Critical Accounting Estimates, we regularly update our estimates of the ultimate cost of open workers’ compensation claims. As a result, during 2008, we reduced the estimated cost of prior year workers’ compensation claims by $12.7 million. This compares to an adjustment reducing prior year workers’ compensation claims by $11.6 million in 2007.
Selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $967.4 million, a year-over-year increase of 6.4% (5.2% on a constant currency basis). Selling, general and administrative expenses expressed as a percentage of gross profit were 99.0% in 2008, a 7.1 percentage point increase compared to the 91.9% rate in 2007. Included in selling, general and administrative expenses for 2008 are $22.5 million of litigation costs for several pending lawsuits. (See Note 17, Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.)
On January 21, 2009, the Chief Executive Officer of Kelly Services, Inc. authorized a restructuring plan for our United Kingdom operations (“Kelly U.K.”). The plan is the result of management’s strategic review of the operations of Kelly U.K. which identified the opportunity for additional operational cost savings. We have not yet identified specific branches or employees affected, but expect that the plan will result in the elimination or consolidation of certain operations and may involve approximately 350 staff reductions. We expect that the plan will be completed by the end of 2009.
We currently estimate that we will incur total pre-tax charges associated with these actions of approximately $11 million to $14 million, including approximately $9 million to $11 million in facility exit costs and approximately $2 million to $3 million in severance expenses. We recorded $1.5 million of severance costs in the fourth quarter of 2008 and expect the remainder to be recorded in 2009. We expect all of the expense will result in future cash expenditures.
Included in selling, general and administrative expenses for 2007 were $8.9 million of expenses related to 2007 Americas and U.K. restructuring actions. The Americas restructuring costs totaled $3.0 million, of which $2.7 million related to facility exit costs and $0.2 million related to accelerated depreciation. The U.K. restructuring costs totaled $5.9 million, of which $4.2 million related to facility exit costs, $0.6 million related to accelerated depreciation and $1.1 million related to moving, fit out and lease origination fees related to the headquarters consolidation. We did not incur any significant severance costs in connection with the restructuring actions.
During the fourth quarter of 2008, impairment charges of $80.5 million were also recorded. We completed our goodwill impairment test during the fourth quarter and, due to worsening economic conditions, the Company’s discounted cash flow forecast for future years was revised. This resulted in the recognition of a goodwill impairment loss of $50.4 million in the EMEA Commercial segment in 2008. At December 28, 2008, the Company also determined that its available-for-sale investment in Temp Holdings Co. Ltd. (“Temp Holdings,” formerly Tempstaff), a Japanese staffing company, was impaired and an other-than-temporary impairment of $18.7 million was recorded. While Temp Holdings’ performance remains strong, its value has been affected by global market movements. The length of time (approximately nine months as of December 28, 2008) and extent to which the market value of the investment has been less than cost resulted in the Company’s determination that the impairment was other-than-temporary. Additionally, the Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When estimated undiscounted future cash flows will not be sufficient to recover an asset’s carrying amount, the asset is written down to its fair value, determined by estimated future discounted cash flows. Due to a history of losses in the U.K. and uncertainty around future financial projections, the Company’s evaluation as of December 28, 2008 resulted in an $11.4 million reduction in the carrying value of long-lived assets in the U.K.
As a result of the above, the Company reported losses from operations for 2008 of $70.3 million, compared to earnings from operations of $80.1 million reported in 2007.
Other (expense) income was expense of $3.5 million in 2008, compared to income of $3.2 million in 2007. Included in other expense for 2008 is $3.7 million of foreign exchange losses booked primarily in the fourth quarter, related to yen-denominated net debt for the Temp Holdings investment and ruble-denominated intercompany balances in Russia. Foreign exchange losses were not significant in 2007.
Income tax expense on continuing operations for 2008 was $8.0 million, compared to last year’s expense of $29.6 million. Most of the impairment and restructuring charges are not tax deductible. In foreign countries where future tax deductions are possible, a valuation allowance was recorded against the deferred tax assets created by the charges. The valuation allowances related to impairment and restructuring charges equaled $2.2 million in Germany, $7.9 million in Japan and $1.1 million in the United Kingdom. The 2008 income tax expense was also impacted by nondeductible losses in the cash surrender value of life insurance policies used to fund the Company’s deferred compensation plans, and by losses in foreign countries which are not currently deductible.
Losses from continuing operations were $81.7 million in 2008, compared to earnings of $53.7 million in 2007. Included in losses from continuing operations in 2008 were $77.2 million, net of tax, of impairment charges, $13.9 million, net of tax, of litigation expenses, $1.5 million, net of tax, of U.K. restructuring costs and $1.6 million of French payroll tax credits, net of tax. Included in earnings from continuing operations in 2007 are $7.8 million of expenses, net of tax, related to the U.K. and Americas restructuring actions and $3.2 million of French payroll tax credits, net of tax.
Discontinued operations include the operating results of Kelly Home Care (“KHC”), which was sold in 2007 and Kelly Staff Leasing (“KSL”), which was sold in 2006. Losses from discontinued operations totaled $0.5 million for 2008, compared to earnings of $7.3 million for 2007. Discontinued operations for 2008 represent adjustments to assets and liabilities retained as part of the sale agreements. Discontinued operations for 2007 included the $6.2 million gain, net of tax, on the sale of KHC.
Net losses in 2008 were $82.2 million, compared to earnings of $61.0 million in 2007. Diluted loss per share from continuing operations for 2008 was $2.35, as compared to diluted earnings per share from continuing operations of $1.47 in 2007. Diluted loss per share from continuing operations for 2008 include the $2.22 per share cost of impairments, $0.40 per share cost of litigation expenses, $0.04 per share cost of the U.K. restructuring and a $0.05 per share benefit related to French payroll tax credits. Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations for 2007 include $0.21 per share of restructuring costs and a $0.09 per share benefit related to French payroll tax credits.
During the first quarter of 2008, the Company realigned its operations into seven reporting segments - Americas Commercial, Americas PT, EMEA Commercial, EMEA PT, APAC Commercial, APAC PT and OCG. Corporate expenses that directly support the operating units have been allocated to all seven segments. The segment operating results exclude the asset impairment charges discussed above. Prior periods were reclassified to conform with the current presentation.
Americas Commercial
The change in revenue from services in the Americas Commercial segment reflected the decrease in fee-based income, a decrease in hours worked of 12.4%, partially offset by an increase in average hourly bill rates of 3.7% (3.6% on a constant currency basis). Year-over-year revenue comparisons reflect decreases of 6.4% in the first quarter, 6.1% in the second quarter, 9.4% in the third quarter, and 14.9% in the fourth quarter. Americas Commercial represented 45.4% of total Company revenue for 2008 and 48.6% for 2007.
As noted above, the Company revised its estimate of the cost of outstanding workers’ compensation claims and, accordingly, reduced expense in 2008. Of the total $12.7 million adjustment booked in 2008, $10.5 million is reflected in the results of Americas Commercial. This compares to an adjustment of $10.0 million in 2007. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by 4.0 % compared to the prior year, but were higher as a percentage of revenue due to lower revenue from services.
Americas PT
The change in revenue from services in Americas PT reflected the decrease in fee-based income, a decrease in hours worked of 4.2%, partially offset by an increase in average billing rates of 2.5%. On a year-over-year basis, revenue increased 2.0% in the first quarter and 0.9% in the second quarter, and decreased 3.1% in the third quarter and 7.3% in the fourth quarter. Americas PT revenue represented 16.5% of total Company revenue for 2008 and 16.4% for 2007.
Americas PT’s share of the reduction in workers’ compensation expense was $1.4 million in 2008 and $1.0 million in 2007. Selling, general and administrative expenses were flat compared to the prior year, but were higher as a percentage of revenue due to lower revenue from services.
EMEA Commercial
The change in translated U.S. dollar revenue from services in EMEA Commercial resulted from the increase in fee-based income and an increase in average hourly bill rates of 4.0% (an increase of 0.7% on a constant currency basis), partially offset by a decrease in hours worked of 4.7%. Constant currency year-over-year revenue comparisons reflect decreases of 1.6% in the first quarter and 1.1% in the second quarter, an increase of 1.3% in the third quarter and decrease of 5.0% in the fourth quarter. EMEA Commercial revenue represented 23.8% of total Company revenue for 2008 and 22.8% for 2007. The Portugal acquisition contributed approximately 2 percentage points to EMEA Commercial year-over-year constant currency revenue growth.
EMEA Commercial earnings from operations for 2008 includes a $2.4 million benefit related to French payroll tax credits and a $1.5 million charge related to the restructuring of the U.K. operations. The prior year included a $5.9 million charge related to the restructuring of the U.K. operations and a $4.8 million benefit related to French payroll tax credits.
The change in the gross profit rate was due to lower French payroll tax credits recognized in 2008 as compared to 2007, and lower temporary gross profits rates primarily in the U.K. On a constant currency basis, selling, general and administrative expenses increased 2.0% from the prior year. Excluding the effect of restructuring and the Portugal acquisition in 2008, constant currency expenses were about flat with 2007. Included in expenses for 2007 was the effect of $5.9 million in U.K. restructuring costs.
EMEA PT
The change in translated U.S. dollar revenue from services in EMEA PT resulted from an increase in fee-based income, a 4.7% increase in average hourly bill rates (1.0% on a constant currency basis), and an increase in hours worked of 1.2%. Constant currency year-over-year revenue comparisons reflect increases of 9.3% in the first quarter, 5.6% in the second quarter, 2.7% in the third quarter and 1.6% in the fourth quarter. EMEA PT revenue represented 3.1% of total Company revenue for 2008 and 2.8% for 2007. Acquisitions contributed approximately 2 percentage points to EMEA PT year-over-year constant currency revenue growth.
The increase in the EMEA PT gross profit rate was primarily due to growth in fee-based income. On a constant currency basis, selling, general and administrative expenses increased 10.4% from the prior year, due to costs associated with branch openings during the second half of last year. Excluding the effect of the Toner Graham acquisition, constant currency expenses increased approximately 6.5% from the prior year.
APAC Commercial
The change in translated U.S. dollar revenue from services in APAC Commercial resulted from the increase in fee-based income and an increase in average hourly bill rates of 6.1% (3.3% on a constant currency basis), combined with an increase in hours worked of 1.6%. Constant currency year-over-year revenue comparisons reflect increases of 23.4% in the first quarter, 6.5% in the second quarter, 1.7% in the third quarter and a decrease of 5.5% in the fourth quarter. APAC Commercial revenue represented 6.1% of total Company revenue in 2008 and 5.5% in 2007. Acquisitions last year contributed approximately 4 percentage points to APAC Commercial year-over-year constant currency revenue growth.
On a constant currency basis, selling, general and administrative expenses increased 10.1%, due to significant investments in this region, through acquisitions made in the prior year and costs associated with new branches.
APAC PT
The change in translated U.S. dollar revenue from services in APAC PT resulted from an increase in hours worked of 27.6%, combined with an increase in average hourly bill rates of 0.1% (a decrease of 4.4% on a constant currency basis). The constant currency change in average hourly bill rates was impacted by a change in mix to lower average wage rate countries, such as Malaysia and India. Constant currency year-over-year revenue comparisons reflect increases of 63.5% in the first quarter, 42.4% in the second quarter, 9.5% in the third quarter and a decrease of 2.4% in the fourth quarter. APAC PT revenue represented 0.6% of total Company revenue for 2008 and 0.5% for 2007.
The decrease in the APAC PT gross profit rate in 2008 was due to a higher mix of traditional temporary-based revenue as compared to fee-based income. On a constant currency basis, selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 17.7%, due primarily to significant investments in this region, including costs associated with new branches.
OCG
Revenue from services in the OCG segment for 2008 increased in all three regions - Americas, Europe and Asia-Pacific. Constant currency year-over-year revenue comparisons reflect increases of 42.2% in the first quarter, 56.9% in the second quarter, 30.5% in the third quarter and 6.3% in the fourth quarter. OCG revenue represented 4.5% of total Company revenue in 2008 and 3.4% for 2007. Acquisitions completed in the fourth quarter of last year contributed approximately 8 percentage points to OCG year-over-year constant currency revenue growth.
The OCG gross profit rate increased primarily due to improved margins in the recruitment processing outsourcing unit, coupled with revenue growth in fee-based business units, such as contingent workforce outsourcing (“CWO”). Constant currency selling, general and administrative expenses increased 64.6% from the prior year, due to investments to build out implementation and operations infrastructure.
Results of Operations
2007 versus 2006
Revenue from services for 2007 totaled $5.7 billion, an increase of 2.2% from 2006. This was the result of an increase in average hourly bill rates of 4.1%, partially offset by a decrease in hours worked of 2.9%. Fee-based income, which is included in revenue from services, totaled $136.3 million, or 2.4% of total revenue for 2007, an increase of 31.8% as compared to $103.4 million in 2006. Reflecting the economic slowdown in the U.S. market, revenue from services decreased from 2006 in the Americas Commercial and Americas PT business segments. Revenue from services increased from 2006 in each of the other five business segments.
Compared to 2006, the U.S. dollar was weaker against many foreign currencies, including the euro, the British pound and the Canadian dollar. As a result, our U.S. dollar translated revenue from services was slightly higher than would have otherwise been reported. On a constant currency basis, 2007 revenue from services decreased 0.6% as compared with 2006. When we use the term “constant currency,” it means that we have translated financial data for 2007 into U.S. dollars using the same foreign currency exchange rates that we used to translate financial data for 2006. We believe that constant currency measurements are an important analytical tool to aid in understanding underlying operating trends without distortion due to currency fluctuations. The table below summarizes the impact of foreign exchange adjustments on revenue from services for 2007:
Gross profit of $989.1 million was 9.1% higher than 2006. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues was 17.5% in 2007 and increased 1.2 percentage points compared to the 16.3% rate recorded in 2006. Compared to 2006, the gross profit rate increased in all business segments, except for APAC Commercial.
The improvement in the gross profit rate is due to lower payroll tax rates and workers’ compensation costs measured as a percentage of direct wages and higher fee-based income. The gross profit rate also includes the effect of the French payroll tax credits noted below.
During the second quarter of 2007, the French government changed the method of calculating payroll tax credits, retroactive to the beginning of 2006 and on a go-forward basis until October 1, 2007. As a result, Kelly recognized a total credit of $4.8 million in 2007, of which $2.6 million related to 2006.
As a result of regularly updating our estimates of the ultimate cost of open workers’ compensation claims, we reduced the estimated cost of prior year workers’ compensation claims by $11.6 million during 2007. This compares to an adjustment reducing workers’ compensation claims by $7.7 million in 2006.
Selling, general and administrative expenses of $909.0 million were 9.7% higher than 2006. Selling, general and administrative expenses expressed as a percentage of revenues were 16.0% in 2007, a 1.1 percentage point increase compared to the 14.9% rate in 2006.
As discussed above, included in selling, general and administrative expenses in 2007 were $8.9 million of expenses related to the Americas and U.K. restructuring actions. The remaining increase in selling, general and administrative expenses is due primarily to growth in compensation-related costs.
Other income for 2007 was $3.2 million, compared to $1.5 million in 2006. The improvement is primarily attributable to an increase in interest income related to higher U.S. interest rates earned on higher average cash balances compared to last year.
The effective income tax rate on continuing operations for 2007 was 35.5%, higher than the 2006 rate of 28.6%. The majority of the increase in the effective tax rate is a result of an increase in losses in certain international locations, particularly the U.K., for which no income tax benefit is provided, and, in the U.S., the expiration of work opportunity tax credits related to Hurricane Katrina.
Earnings from continuing operations were $53.7 million in 2007, compared to $56.8 million in 2006. Included in earnings from continuing operations are $7.8 million of expenses, net of tax, related to the U.K. and Americas restructuring actions and $3.2 million of French payroll tax credits, net of tax.
Earnings from discontinued operations, which include KHC’s and KSL’s operating results, totaled $7.3 million for 2007 and include the $6.2 million gain, net of tax, on the sale of KHC. Earnings from discontinued operations for 2006 totaled $6.7 million and include the $2.3 million gain, net of tax, on the sale of KSL.
Net earnings in 2007 were $61.0 million, or a 3.9% decrease compared to 2006. Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations in 2007 were $1.47, as compared to diluted earnings per share from continuing operations of $1.56 in 2006.
Americas Commercial
Reflecting the soft labor market in the U.S., revenue from services in the Americas Commercial segment decreased 5.4% from 2006. This was the result of an 8.8% decrease in hours worked, partially offset by a 3.8% increase in average hourly bill rates. Year-over-year revenue comparisons reflect decreases of 4.3% in the first quarter, 5.7% in both the second quarter and third quarter, and 5.9% in the fourth quarter. Americas Commercial revenue from services represented 48.6% of total Company revenue from services for 2007 and 52.6% for 2006.
The increase in the gross profit rate was principally due to lower workers’ compensation costs and reduced payroll taxes. As noted above, we revised our estimate of the cost of outstanding workers’ compensation claims and, accordingly, reduced expense in 2007. Of the total $11.6 million expense reduction in 2007, $10.0 million was credited to Americas Commercial. This compares to an adjustment reducing expense by $7.0 million in 2006.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 1.8% as compared to 2006. Included in Americas Commercial selling, general and administrative expenses for 2007 is $3.0 million related to the branch restructuring. The remaining increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was due primarily to the growth in compensation costs.
Americas PT
Revenue from services in the Americas PT segment reflected a decrease in hours worked of 7.0%, partially offset by an increase in average billing rates of 2.8% for the professional and technical staffing businesses. On a year-over-year basis, revenue decreased 9.1% in the first quarter, 3.2% in the second quarter and 1.9% in the third quarter, and increased 1.1% in the fourth quarter. Americas PT revenue represented 16.4% of total Company revenue in 2007 and 17.3% in 2006.
The Americas PT gross profit rate increased primarily due to growth in fee-based income and reduced payroll taxes and workers’ compensation costs. Americas PT’s share of the reduction in workers’ compensation expense in 2007 was approximately $1.0 million, compared to an adjustment in 2006 of approximately $0.5 million.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 10.5% as compared to 2006. The increase was due to increased compensation related costs and increased staffing costs related to adding permanent placement recruiters.
EMEA Commercial
The change in translated U.S. dollar revenue from services in EMEA Commercial resulted from the increase in fee-based income, an increase in average hourly bill rates of 10.2% (1.8% on a constant currency basis) and an increase in hours worked of 1.9%. EMEA Commercial revenue represented 22.8% of total Company revenue in 2007 and 20.6% in 2006.
Constant currency year-over-year revenue comparisons reflect increases of 6.5% in the first quarter, 5.8% in the second quarter, 2.9% in the third quarter and 2.0% in the fourth quarter.
EMEA Commercial earnings from operations for 2007 include a $5.9 million charge related to the restructuring of the U.K. operations and a $4.8 million benefit related to French payroll tax credits. The increase in the gross profit rate primarily reflects the effect of the French payroll tax credits.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 14.5% as compared to 2006. The increase in U.S. dollar reported expenses was due primarily to the growth in compensation related costs and the $5.9 million U.K. restructuring charge.
EMEA PT
The change in translated U.S. dollar revenue from services in EMEA PT resulted from the increase in fee-based income and an increase in average hourly bill rates of 17.6% (8.4% on a constant currency basis), combined with an increase in hours worked of 8.3%. EMEA PT revenue represented 2.8% of total Company revenue in 2007 and 2.2% for 2006.
Constant currency year-over-year revenue comparisons reflect increases of 26.1% in the first quarter, 28.9% in the second quarter, 19.7% in the third quarter and 16.3% in the fourth quarter.
The increase in the EMEA PT gross profit rate for 2007 was primarily due to increases in fee-based income. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 47.9% as compared to 2006. The increase in U.S. dollar reported expenses was due primarily to the growth in compensation related costs and costs associated with new branches.
APAC Commercial
The change in translated U.S. dollar revenue from services in APAC Commercial resulted from an increase in hours worked of 28.3%, combined with an increase in average hourly bill rates of 5.1% (a decrease of 3.3% on a constant currency basis). The constant currency change in average hourly bill rates was impacted by significant growth in lower average wage rate countries, such as India and Malaysia. APAC Commercial revenue represented 5.5% of total Company revenue in 2007 and 4.2% for 2006.
Constant currency year-over-year revenue comparisons reflect increases of 12.0% in the first quarter, 25.5% in the second quarter, 23.0% in the third quarter and 29.1% in the fourth quarter. Acquisitions in 2007 contributed approximately 15 percentage points to APAC Commercial constant currency revenue growth.
The decrease in the APAC Commercial gross profit rate for 2007 was primarily due to a higher mix of traditional temporary-based revenue. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 28.6% as compared to 2006. The increase in U.S. dollar reported expenses was due to significant investments in this region, through acquisitions and costs associated with new branches.
APAC PT
The change in translated U.S. dollar revenue from services in APAC PT resulted from the increase in fee-based income and an increase in hours worked of 44.4%, combined with an increase in average hourly bill rates of 18.3% (9.8% on a constant currency basis). APAC PT revenue represented 0.5% of total Company revenue in 2007 and 0.3% for 2006. Constant currency year-over-year revenue comparisons reflect increases of 11.8% in the first quarter, 28.0% in the second quarter, 79.1% in the third quarter and 83.1% in the fourth quarter.
The increase in the APAC PT gross profit rate for 2007 was primarily due growth in fee-based income. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 63.8% as compared to 2006. The increase in U.S. dollar reported expenses was due to significant investments in this region, including costs associated with new branches.
OCG
Revenue from services in the OCG segment for 2007 increased in all three regions - Americas, Europe and Asia-Pacific. OCG revenue represented 3.4% of total Company revenue in 2007 and 2.8% for 2006. Constant currency year-over-year revenue comparisons reflect increases of 18.9% in the first quarter, 9.2% in the second quarter, 26.6% in the third quarter and 29.9% in the fourth quarter. The large growth rates in the third and fourth quarter were fueled by increased revenue in the retail sector of our business processing outsourcing organization, along with strong growth rates in our executive placement and CWO fees. Acquisitions in 2006 and 2007 contributed approximately 2 percentage points to constant currency revenue growth.
The OCG gross profit rate increased primarily due to increases in fee-based income in our executive placement business unit, continued strong growth in the CWO business unit, coupled with the full year revenue impact of the 2006 acquisition of our career transition unit, The Ayers Group. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 43.1% as compared to 2006, due to a full year of expense of the career transition unit in 2007, as well as additional expenses in our CWO and executive placement business units that supported the large revenue increases discussed above.
Results of Operations
Financial Condition
Historically, we have financed our operations through cash generated by operating activities and access to credit markets. As highlighted in the consolidated statements of cash flows, our liquidity and available capital resources are impacted by four key components: cash and equivalents, operating activities, investing activities and financing activities.
Cash and Equivalents
Cash and equivalents totaled $118 million at the end of 2008, an increase of $25 million from the $93 million at year-end 2007. As further described below, during 2008, we generated $102 million of cash from operating activities, used $64 million of cash in investing activities and used $9 million in financing activities.
Operating Activities
In 2008, we generated $102 million in cash from our operating activities, as compared to $73 million in 2007 and $116 million in 2006. The increase from 2007 was due primarily to a decrease in accounts receivable, as a result of declining revenues in the fourth quarter of 2008. The decrease from 2006 was due to lower net earnings.
Trade accounts receivable totaled $816 million at the end of 2008. Global days sales outstanding for the fourth quarter were 50 days for 2008, compared to 49 days for 2007.
Our working capital position was $427 million at the end of 2008, a decrease of $51 million from year-end 2007. The current ratio was 1.7 at year-end 2008 and 1.8 at year-end 2007.
Investing Activities
In 2008, we used $64 million for investing activities, compared to $82 million in 2007 and $65 million in 2006. Capital expenditures totaled $31 million in 2008 and $46 million in each of 2007 and 2006. Capital expenditures are primarily related to the Company’s information technology programs, including the implementation of the PeopleSoft payroll, billing and accounts receivable project, and branch openings, refurbishments and relocations.
The PeopleSoft payroll, billing and accounts receivable project is intended to cover the U.S., Canada, Puerto Rico, U.K. and Ireland. Through 2007, the Company implemented accounts receivable in all locations, and payroll and billing in the U.K. and Ireland. The Company implemented payroll in Canada at the start of the fourth quarter of 2008. The Company spent $9 million in capital expenditures and $7 million in selling, general and administrative expenses in 2008, bringing the total cost to $79 million through 2008, of which $56 million was capital expenditures and $23 million was selling, general and administrative expenses. The U.S. and Puerto Rico payroll implementations, and U.S., Canada and Puerto Rico billing implementations have been delayed until at least 2010. The total cost to complete these implementations has not yet been determined.
During the second quarter of 2006, we acquired the net assets of The Ayers Group, a New York-based career management firm specializing in customized career transition, consulting services and information technology staffing, for $4.6 million. The transaction included additional contingent payments, based primarily on the achievement of certain earnings targets. The 2006 earnings target was not met and no related payment was made. The 2007 earnings target was partially met and $0.1 million was paid in 2008. The 2008 earnings target was met and $0.7 million was accrued; the payment will be made in 2009. No further contingent earnout payments remain as of the 2008 year end. The Ayers Group is included as a business unit in the OCG business segment.
During the fourth quarter of 2006, we purchased an additional 1.6% interest in Temp Holdings for $16.0 million, bringing our total investment to 4.9%.
Also during the fourth quarter of 2006, we purchased Sony Corporation’s 40% interest in Tempstaff Kelly Inc. (“Tempstaff Kelly”), a joint venture originally created with Sony Corporation and Tempstaff, for $5.0 million. With the purchase of Sony Corporation’s ownership share, we increased our ownership interest to 49%. Accordingly, earnings from continuing operations for 2006 included our equity earnings in Tempstaff Kelly from the date of acquisition. At the end of the first quarter of 2007, we purchased the remaining shares of Tempstaff Kelly for $2.0 million, net of cash received. With the purchase of the remaining 51% interest in Tempstaff Kelly, Tempstaff Kelly became a wholly owned, consolidated subsidiary of Kelly Services, Inc. as of April 1, 2007. Tempstaff Kelly is included in the APAC Commercial business segment subsequent to April 1, 2007.
During the first quarter of 2007, we acquired the net operating assets of Talents Technology, a permanent placement and executive search firm with operations in the Czech Republic and Poland, for $3.1 million in cash. The transaction also included additional contingent earnout payments based primarily on the achievement of certain earnings targets. The 2007 and 2008 earnings targets were not met. As of the 2008 year end, one contingent earnout remains, for up to approximately $0.8 million based on 2009 earnings. Talents Technology is included in the EMEA PT business segment as of April 1, 2007.
During the first quarter of 2007, we also acquired the net operating assets of CGR/seven LLC, a creative staffing services firm that specializes in providing creative talent, for $12.3 million in cash at the date of acquisition and $1.0 million payable in each of the years 2008 and 2009, and possible additional earnout payments, based primarily on the achievement of certain earnings targets. In the second quarter of 2008, the Company paid the additional $1.0 million guaranteed acquisition payment and $2.0 million earnout payment. The earnings target for the 2008 payment was not met. No further contingent earnout payments remain as of the 2008 year end. The remaining guaranteed payment for $1.0 million is accrued as of the 2008 year end. CGR/seven is included in the Americas PT business segment as of April 1, 2007.
During the second quarter of 2007, we acquired P-Serv, a company specializing in temporary staffing, permanent staffing, outsourcing and executive search with operations in China, Hong Kong and Singapore, for $8.0 million in cash. P-Serv is included as a business unit in the APAC Commercial business segment of the Company from the date of acquisition. During 2008, the previous earnout agreement for $2.6 million was converted to a consulting agreement, payable quarterly retroactive to July, 2008 through March, 2011.
During the fourth quarter of 2007, we acquired the net assets of access AG, a specialized recruitment services company headquartered in Germany with operations in Austria, for $21.2 million in cash. access AG is included as a business unit in the OCG business segment. The transaction included an additional contingent payment, based on the achievement of certain earnings targets. During the first quarter of 2008, $7.6 million was paid related primarily to the 2007 acquisition of access AG. Of this amount, $4.3 million represents the payment of a previously recorded liability, and the remaining $3.3 million represents adjustments to the initial purchase price. During 2008, the earnings target for 2008 was met and $6.3 million was accrued; the related payment will be made in 2009. No further contingent earnout payments remain as of the 2008 year end.
During the third quarter of 2008, we acquired all of the shares of the Portuguese subsidiaries of Randstad Holding N.V., Randstad - Empresa de Trabalho Temporario, Unipessoal, Lda and Randstad - Gestao de Processos, Lda for $13.2 million in cash. The acquisition includes 13 branch offices and 15 on-site locations serving the Portuguese staffing market. In addition to traditional temporary staffing services, current business lines also include on-site personnel management and permanent placement. This acquisition is included as business units in the EMEA Commercial segment of the Company from the date of acquisition.
During the third quarter of 2008, we also completed the acquisition of Toner Graham, a specialized accountancy and finance recruitment services company headquartered in the United Kingdom, for $9.1 million in cash. The transaction also includes additional contingent earnout payments up to approximately $6.1 million in total, payable over three years, based primarily on the achievement of certain earnings targets. The earnings target for the 2008 payment was partially met and $0.2 million was accrued; the related payment will be made in 2009. As of the 2008 year end, two contingent earnout payments remain, each for up to approximately $2.2 million based on 2009 and 2010 earnings. Toner Graham is included as a business unit in the EMEA PT business segment of the Company from the date of acquisition.
Total future guaranteed and contingent payments related to the acquisitions above amount to $13.4 million as of December 28, 2008.
During the first quarter of 2007, we sold the KHC business for cash proceeds of $12.5 million. During the fourth quarter of 2006, we sold the KSL business for cash proceeds of $6.5 million.
Financing Activities
In 2008, we used $9 million from financing activities, as compared to $22 million in 2007 and generating $1 million in 2006. Debt totaled $115 million at year-end 2008, compared to $98 million at year-end 2007. At the end of 2008, debt represented approximately 15.0% of total capital.
During 2008, we repurchased 436,697 Class A shares for $8 million under the $50 million Class A share repurchase program authorized by the board of directors in August, 2007. During 2007, we repurchased 1,679,873 Class A shares for $34.7 million. As of December 28, 2008, a total of $7.3 million remained available under the $50 million share repurchase program. We do not intend to make further share repurchases under the plan.
On October 10, 2008, we closed and funded a three-year syndicated term loan facility comprised of 9 million euros and 5 million U.K. pounds, maturing October 3, 2011. The facility was used to refinance the short-term borrowings related to the Portugal and Toner Graham acquisitions. The loans bear interest at the LIBOR rate applicable to each currency plus a spread of 100 basis points. This credit facility contains requirements for a maximum leverage ratio and minimum interest coverage ratio, both of which were met at December 28, 2008. The entire principal amount is due upon maturity with interest payments due at intervals of one, two, three, or six months, as elected by the Company.
In the first quarter of 2007, we obtained short-term financing utilizing an $8.2 million yen-denominated credit facility to purchase the additional 51% interest in Tempstaff Kelly, as well as to fund local working capital.
In connection with the additional investment in Tempstaff in the fourth quarter of 2006, we obtained short-term financing utilizing a $16 million yen-denominated credit facility. During the third quarter of 2006, we obtained short-term financing utilizing a $5 million yen-denominated credit facility to purchase the additional 40% interest in Tempstaff Kelly, Inc.
In the fourth quarter of 2007, we refinanced $49.1 million of the short-term yen denominated borrowings with a five-year term loan. The loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 45 basis points. Interest-only payments are required for periods of three, six, nine or 12 months. The loan agreement contains requirements for a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio, both of which were met at December 28, 2008.
As of year-end 2008, we had $141.8 million of committed unused credit facilities. In November, 2005, we entered into a $150 million five-year, unsecured multi-currency revolving credit facility which may be used to fund working capital, acquisitions and for general corporate purposes. The interest rate applicable to borrowings under this facility is 40 basis points over local LIBOR. This credit facility contains requirements for a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio, both of which were met at December 28, 2008. At year-end 2008, we had additional uncommitted one-year credit facilities totaling $14.5 million, under which we had borrowed $1.9 million.
Dividends paid per common share were $0.54 in 2008, $0.52 in 2007 and $0.45 in 2006.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
Summarized below are our obligations and commitments to make future payments as of year-end 2008:
We have no material, unrecorded commitments, losses, contingencies or guarantees associated with any related parties or unconsolidated entities.
Liquidity
We expect to meet our ongoing short- and long-term cash requirements, including the funding of the PeopleSoft payroll and billing project and costs related to litigation, principally through cash generated from operations, available cash and equivalents and committed unused credit facilities. Additional funding sources available for potential future acquisitions include public or private bonds or other sources appropriate to the size and nature of the acquisition. We expect to fund costs incurred in connection with the restructuring of U.K. operations through the future collection of U.K. trade receivables.
During 2008, the Company met all financial and other covenants required by its credit facilities. The Company’s two main covenants are debt to total capital, which was 15.0% at year end, and interest coverage, which was 13.6 times at year end. The Company’s debt agreements require debt to total capital to be less than 50% and interest coverage to be at least five times. The ratios are calculated on a rolling four quarters basis and allow the exclusion of non-cash, non-recurring items. If the Company were to continue to report losses in 2009, it is possible that we would not meet this loan covenant. If this were to occur, we believe we would be able to obtain temporary waivers of the loan covenants; however, there can be no assurance this would happen. In addition, we expect that our borrowing cost would increase but we are not currently able to estimate an amount.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. In this process, it is necessary for us to make certain assumptions and related estimates affecting the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the attached notes. Actual results can differ from assumed and estimated amounts.
Critical accounting estimates are those that we believe require the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Judgments and uncertainties affecting the application of those estimates may result in materially different amounts being reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. We consider the following estimates to be most critical in understanding the judgments involved in preparing our consolidated financial statements.
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
We make ongoing estimates relating to the collectibility of our accounts receivable and maintain an allowance for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. In determining the amount of the allowance, we consider our historical level of credit losses and apply percentages to certain aged receivable categories. We also make judgments about the creditworthiness of significant customers based on ongoing credit evaluations, and we monitor current economic trends that might impact the level of credit losses in the future. Historically, losses from uncollectible accounts have not exceeded our allowance. Since we cannot predict with certainty future changes in the financial stability of our customers, actual future losses from uncollectible accounts may differ from our estimates. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make payments, a larger allowance may be required. In the event we determined that a smaller or larger allowance was appropriate, we would record a credit or a charge to selling, general and administrative expense in the period in which we made such a determination. In addition, we also include a provision for sales allowances, based on our historical experience, in our allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable. If sales allowances vary from our historical experience, an adjustment to the allowance may be required. As of year-end 2008 and 2007, the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable was $17.0 million and $18.2 million, respectively.
Workers’ Compensation
We have a combination of insurance and self-insurance contracts under which we effectively bear the first $500,000 of risk per single accident, except in the state of California, where we bear the first $750,000 of risk per single accident. We establish accruals for workers’ compensation utilizing actuarial methods to estimate the undiscounted future cash payments that will be made to satisfy the claims, including an allowance for incurred-but-not-reported claims. This process includes establishing loss development factors, based on our historical claims experience, as well as industry experience, and applying those factors to current claims information to derive an estimate of our ultimate claims liability. In preparing the estimates, we also consider the nature, frequency and severity of the claims, analyses provided by third party claims administrators, performance of our medical cost management programs, changes in our territory and business line mix, as well as current legal, economic and regulatory factors such as indices of medical cost increases and other indicators of national severity and frequency trends. Where appropriate, multiple generally-accepted actuarial techniques are applied and tested in the course of preparing our estimates.
We evaluate the accrual, and the underlying assumptions, regularly throughout the year and make adjustments as needed. The ultimate cost of these claims may be greater than or less than the established accrual. While we believe that the recorded amounts are adequate, there can be no assurances that changes to our estimates will not occur due to limitations inherent in the estimation process. In the event we determine that a smaller or larger accrual is appropriate, we would record a credit or a charge to cost of services in the period in which we made such a determination. The accrual for workers’ compensation was $73.2 million and $84.1 million at year-end 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Goodwill
We test goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or circumstances make it more likely than not that an impairment may have occurred. SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at a reporting unit level. We have determined that our reporting units are the reportable segments based on our organizational structure and the financial information that is provided to and reviewed by management. Goodwill is tested for impairment using a two-step process. In the first step, the fair value of a reporting unit is compared to its carrying value. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets assigned to a reporting unit, goodwill is not considered impaired and no further testing is required. To derive the fair value of reporting units, an income approach is used. Under the income approach, fair value is determined based on estimated future cash flows discounted by an estimated weighted-average cost of capital, which reflects the overall level of inherent risk of the Company. Estimated future cash flows are based on our internal projection model. For reasonableness, the summation of reporting units’ fair values is compared to our market capitalization.
If the carrying value of the net assets assigned to a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of a reporting unit, a second step of the impairment test is performed in order to determine the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill. Determining the implied fair value of goodwill requires valuation of a reporting unit’s tangible and intangible assets and liabilities in a manner similar to the allocation of purchase price in a business combination. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, goodwill is deemed impaired and is written down to the extent of the difference.
We completed our annual impairment tests during the fourth quarter. As a result of worsening economic conditions, we determined that the fair value of our EMEA Commercial reporting unit was less than its carrying value. As a result, we performed step two of the goodwill impairment test to determine the implied fair value of EMEA Commercial’s goodwill. The implied fair value of the goodwill was less than its carrying value. As a result, we recognized a goodwill impairment loss of $50.4 million in the EMEA Commercial reporting unit. This expense has been recorded in the asset impairment line on the consolidated statement of earnings. The fair value of all other reporting units exceeded carrying value.
Our analysis uses significant assumptions by segment, including: expected future revenue and expense growth rates, profit margins, cost of capital, discount rate and forecasted capital expenditures. Our projections assume near-term revenue declines, followed by a recovery and long-term modest growth. Assumptions and estimates about future cash flows and discount rates are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made are reasonable and appropriate, different assumptions and estimates could materially impact our reported financial results. Different assumptions of the anticipated future benefits from these businesses could result in an impairment charge, which would decrease operating income and result in lower asset values on our consolidated balance sheet. For example, a change in the estimated discount rate of 1% could have resulted in the fair value of the Americas Commercial segment falling below its book value. At year-end 2008 and 2007, total goodwill amounted to $117.8 million and $147.2 million, respectively. (See Note 6).
Income Taxes
Income tax expense is based on expected income and statutory tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Judgment is required in determining our income tax expense. We establish accruals for uncertain tax positions under FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 requires that a position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities that have full knowledge of all relevant information. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Our effective tax rate includes the impact of accrual provisions and changes to accruals that we consider appropriate, as well as related interest and penalties. A number of years may elapse before a particular matter, for which we have or have not established an accrual, is audited and finally resolved. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular tax matter, we believe that our accruals are appropriate under FIN 48. Favorable or unfavorable adjustment of the accrual for any particular issue would be recognized as an increase or decrease to our income tax expense in the period of a change in facts and circumstances. Our short-term tax accruals are presented in the balance sheet within income and other taxes and long-term tax accruals are presented in the balance sheet within other long-term liabilities.
Tax laws require items to be included in the tax return at different times than the items are reflected in the financial statements. As a result, the income tax expense reflected in our financial statements is different than the liability reported in our tax return. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses which are not deductible on our tax return, and some are temporary differences, such as depreciation expense. Temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax return in future years for which we have already recorded the tax benefit in our income statement. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets when the amount of expected future taxable income is not likely to support the use of the deduction or credit. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent items for which we have already taken a deduction on our tax return, but have not yet recognized as expense in our financial statements.
Litigation
Kelly is subject to legal proceedings and claims arising out of the normal course of business. Kelly routinely assesses the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes to these matters, as well as ranges of probable losses. A determination of the amount of the accruals required, if any, for these contingencies is made after analysis of each known issue. Development of the analysis includes consideration of many factors including: potential exposure, the status of proceedings, negotiations, results of similar litigation and participation rates. The required accruals may change in the future due to new developments in each matter. For further discussion, see Note 17, Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. At year-end 2008 and 2007, the accrual for litigation costs amounted to $24.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements presented in Part II, Item 8 of this report for a description of new accounting pronouncements.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in this report are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements which are predictive in nature, which depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, or which include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” or variations or negatives thereof or by similar or comparable words or phrases. In addition, any statements concerning future financial performance (including future revenues, earnings or growth rates), ongoing business strategies or prospects, and possible future actions by us that may be provided by management are also forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions about our company and economic and market factors in the countries in which we do business, among other things. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and we have no specific intention to update these statements.
Actual events and results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to a number of factors. The principal important risk factors that could cause our actual performance and future events and actions to differ materially from such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, competitive market pressures including pricing, changing market and economic conditions, material changes in demand from large corporate customers, availability of temporary workers with appropriate skills required by customers, increases in wages paid to temporary workers, liabilities for client and employee actions, foreign currency fluctuations, changes in laws and regulations (including federal, state and international tax laws), our ability to effectively implement and manage our information technology programs, and our ability to successfully expand into new markets and service lines. Certain risk factors are discussed more fully under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this report.
ITEM 7A.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
We do not hold or invest in derivative contracts. We are exposed to foreign currency risk primarily due to our net investment in foreign subsidiaries, which conduct business in their local currencies. These risks are mitigated by the use of local currency borrowings, which mitigate the exchange rate risk resulting from foreign currency-denominated net investments fluctuating in relation to the U.S. dollar.
In addition, we are exposed to interest rate risks through our use of the multi-currency line of credit and other borrowings. A hypothetical fluctuation of 10% in market interest rates would not have a material impact on 2008 earnings.
We are exposed to market risk as a result of our obligation to pay benefits under our nonqualified deferred compensation plan and our related investments in company-owned variable universal life insurance policies. The obligation to employees increases and decreases based on movements in the equity and debt markets. The investments in mutual funds, as part of the company-owned variable universal life insurance policies, are designed to mitigate this risk with offsetting gains and losses.
Overall, our holdings and positions in market risk-sensitive instruments do not subject us to material risk.
ITEM 8.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
The financial statements and supplementary data required by this Item are set forth in the accompanying index on page 43 of this filing and are presented in pages 44-79.
ITEM 9.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.
ITEM 9A.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting is presented preceding the financial statements on page 44 of this report.
Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 28, 2008 as stated in their report which appears herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company converted the Canada temporary payroll system to the PeopleSoft payroll system. Management has reviewed the internal controls impacted by the implementation of the above PeopleSoft system, and has made changes to these internal controls as appropriate.
ITEM 9B.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
Information required by Part III with respect to Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance (Item 10), Executive Compensation (Item 11), Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters (Item 12), Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence (Item 13) and Principal Accounting Fees and Services (Item 14), except as set forth under the titles “Executive Officers of the Registrant” , which is included on page 38, and “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics,” which is included on page 39, (Item 10), and except as set forth under the title “Equity Compensation Plan Information,” which is included on page 39, (Item 12), is to be included in a definitive proxy statement filed not later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year and the proxy statement, when filed, is incorporated in this report by reference.
ITEM 10.
ITEM 10. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT.
(1) Mr. Camden was appointed Acting Chief Executive Officer on February 9, 2006 and was appointed Chief Executive Officer on February 27, 2006.
(2) Mr. Corona was appointed Chief Operating Officer effective January 1, 2009.
(3) Mr. Durik was appointed Chief Administrative Officer on May 19, 2004.
(4) Ms. Little was appointed Chief Financial Officer effective July 1, 2008.
(5) Mr. Debs served as Interim Chief Financial Officer for the first six months of fiscal 2008.
CODE OF BUSINESS CONDUCT AND ETHICS.
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is included as Exhibit 14 in the Index to Exhibits on page 81. We have posted our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on our website at www.kellyservices.com. We intend to post any changes in or waivers from our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to any of these officers on our website.
ITEM 12.
ITEM 12. SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table shows the number of shares of our common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights, the weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights, and the number of securities remaining available for future issuance under our equity compensation plans as of the fiscal year end for 2008.
(1) The equity compensation plans approved by our stockholders include our Equity Incentive Plan, Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan and Non-Employee Director Stock Award Plan.
The number of shares to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights excludes
682,028 of restricted stock awards granted to employees and not yet vested at December 28, 2008.
(2) The Equity Incentive Plan provides that the maximum number of shares available for grants, including stock options and restricted stock awards, is 10 percent of the outstanding Class A common stock, adjusted for plan activity over the preceding five years.
The Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan provides that the maximum number of shares available for settlement of options is 250,000 shares of Class A common stock.
The Non-Employee Director Stock Award Plan provides that the maximum number of shares available for awards is one-quarter of one percent of the outstanding Class A common stock.
(3) We have no equity compensation plans that have not been approved by our stockholders.
PART IV
ITEM 15.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:
(1) Financial statements:
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three fiscal years ended December 28, 2008
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three fiscal years ended December 28, 2008
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 28, 2008 and December 30, 2007
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three fiscal years ended December 28, 2008
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2) Financial Statement Schedule -
For the three fiscal years ended December 28, 2008:
Schedule II - Valuation Reserves
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
(3) The Exhibits are listed in the Index to Exhibits included beginning at page 80 which is incorporated herein by reference.
(b) The Index to Exhibits and required Exhibits are included following the Financial Statement Schedule beginning at page 80 of this filing.
(c) None.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
SIGNATURES (continued)
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The management of Kelly Services, Inc. (the “Company”), is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
•
Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
•
Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company;
•
Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may change.
The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 28, 2008. In making this assessment, the Company’s management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework.
Based on our assessment, management determined that, as of December 28, 2008, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 28, 2008 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears on page 45.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Kelly Services, Inc.:
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Kelly Services, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 28, 2008 and December 30, 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three fiscal years ended December 28, 2008 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 28, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Detroit, MI
February 11, 2009
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations Kelly Services, Inc. is a global temporary staffing provider operating in all major staffing markets throughout the world.
Fiscal Year The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Sunday nearest to December 31. The three most recent years, all of which contained 52 weeks, ended on December 28, 2008 (2008), December 30, 2007 (2007) and December 31, 2006 (2006). Period costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses are recorded on a calendar-year basis.
Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. In addition, the consolidated financial statements include the Company’s majority-owned subsidiaries in China acquired during the second quarter of 2007. The Company consolidates the Chinese companies and records an adjustment in other income, net in the Company’s consolidated statement of earnings to reflect the portion of the earnings, net of tax, attributable to the minority shareholders. The accumulated minority interest from the date of acquisition is included in other long-term liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
The cost method of accounting is used for investments in equity securities that do not have a readily determined market value and when the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence. These investments are carried at cost and are adjusted only for other-than-temporary declines in fair value. The carrying value of these investments is included with other assets in the consolidated balance sheet.
Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with the unrealized gains or losses, net of tax, included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary on available-for-sale securities are included in asset impairment expenses. The fair values for marketable equity securities are based on quoted market prices.
The Company uses the equity method of accounting for its investments in and earnings or losses of affiliates that it does not control, but over which it does exert significant influence. Accordingly, the Company’s proportionate share of the earnings and losses of these companies are included in other (expense) income, net, in the accompanying consolidated statements of earnings.
Foreign Currency Translation All of the Company’s international subsidiaries use their local currency as their functional currency. Revenue and expense accounts of foreign subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars at average exchange rates, while assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates. Resulting translation adjustments, net of deferred taxes, where applicable, are reported as accumulated foreign currency adjustments in stockholders’ equity and are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
Revenue Recognition Revenue from services is recognized as services are provided by the temporary, contract or leased employees. Revenue from permanent placement services is recognized at the time the permanent placement candidate begins full-time employment. Provisions for sales allowances, based on historical experience, are recognized at the time the related sale is recognized as a reduction in revenue from services.
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts Receivable The Company records an allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable based on historical loss experience, customer payment patterns and current economic trends. The reserve for sales allowances, as discussed above, is also included in the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable. The Company reviews the adequacy of the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable on a quarterly basis and, if necessary, increases or decreases the balance by recording a charge or credit to selling, general and administrative expenses.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Cost of Services Cost of services are those costs directly associated with the earning of revenue. The primary examples of these types of costs are temporary employee wages, along with associated payroll taxes, temporary employee benefits, such as vacation and holiday pay, and workers’ compensation costs. These costs differ fundamentally from selling, general and administrative expenses in that they arise specifically from the action of providing our services to customers whereas selling, general and administrative costs are incurred regardless of whether or not we place temporary employees with our customers.
Advertising Expenses Advertising expenses from continuing operations, which are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses, were $11.1 million in 2008 and 2007 and $12.3 million in 2006.
Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, workers’ compensation, goodwill and long-lived asset impairment, litigation costs and income taxes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Cash and Equivalents Cash and equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market. The Company considers securities with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and equivalents.
Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives, principally by the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives of property and equipment by function are as follows:
The Company capitalizes external costs and internal payroll costs incurred in the development of software for internal use in accordance with American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position No. 98-1, “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use.” Work in process represents capitalized costs for internal use software not yet in service and is included with computer hardware and software, equipment, furniture and leasehold improvements on the balance sheet. Depreciation expense from continuing operations was $41.4 million for 2008, $40.4 million for 2007 and $39.5 million for 2006.
Operating Leases The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. This includes the impact of both scheduled rent increases and free or reduced rents (commonly referred to as “rent holidays”). The Company records allowances provided by landlords for leasehold improvements as deferred rent in the balance sheet and as operating cash flows in the statement of cash flows.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired. Purchased intangible assets with definite lives are valued at fair value at the date of acquisition and are amortized over their respective useful lives (from 3 to 15 years) on an accelerated basis commensurate with the related cash flows.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets The Company evaluates long-lived assets and intangible assets with definite lives for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When estimated undiscounted future cash flows will not be sufficient to recover an asset’s carrying amount, the asset is written down to its fair value, determined by estimated future discounted cash flows. Assets to be disposed of by sale, if any, are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Based on a history of losses and uncertainty around future financial projections, the Company determined that an impairment test was required for its U.K. assets. The long-lived asset impairment analysis performed as of December 28, 2008 resulted in impairment charges of $11.4 million and was recorded in the asset impairments line of the Company’s consolidated statement of earnings. The impairment primarily included computer software and leasehold improvements.
We test goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or circumstances make it more likely than not that an impairment may have occurred. SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at a reporting unit level. We have determined that our reporting units are the reportable segments based on our organizational structure and the financial information that is provided to and reviewed by management. Goodwill is tested for impairment using a two-step process. In the first step, the fair value of a reporting unit is compared to its carrying value. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets assigned to a reporting unit, goodwill is not considered impaired and no further testing is required. To derive the fair value of reporting units, an income approach is used. Under the income approach, fair value is determined based on estimated future cash flows discounted by an estimated weighted-average cost of capital, which reflects the overall level of inherent risk of the Company. Estimated future cash flows are based on our internal projection model. For reasonableness, the summation of reporting units’ fair values is compared to our market capitalization.
If the carrying value of the net assets assigned to a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of a reporting unit, a second step of the impairment test is performed in order to determine the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill. Determining the implied fair value of goodwill requires valuation of a reporting unit’s tangible and intangible assets and liabilities in a manner similar to the allocation of purchase price in a business combination. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds it implied fair value, goodwill is deemed impaired and is written down to the extent of the difference. See Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to the results of the annual goodwill impairment testing.
Accounts Payable Included in accounts payable are outstanding checks in excess of funds on deposit. Such amounts totaled $28.4 million and $15.6 million at year-end 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Accrued Payroll and Related Taxes Included in accrued payroll and related taxes are outstanding checks in excess of funds on deposit. Such amounts totaled $9.9 million and $12.9 million at year-end 2008 and 2007, respectively. Payroll taxes are recognized proportionately to direct wages for interim periods based on expected full-year amounts.
Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts. Valuation allowances are provided against deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
Uncertain tax positions are accounted for under FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 requires that a position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities that have full knowledge of all relevant information. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
Interest and penalties related to income taxes are accounted for as income tax expense.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Stock-Based Compensation On January 2, 2006, the first day of the 2006 fiscal year, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” (“SFAS 123R”) which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values.
SFAS 123R requires companies to estimate the fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of awards that are ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
Because stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings for fiscal 2008, 2007 and 2006 is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures.
Workers’ Compensation The Company establishes accruals for workers’ compensation claims utilizing actuarial methods to estimate the undiscounted future cash payments that will be made to satisfy the claims. The estimates are based both on historical experience as well as current legal, economic and regulatory factors. The Company regularly updates its estimates, and the ultimate cost of these claims may be greater than or less than the established accrual. However, the Company believes that any such adjustments will not materially affect its consolidated financial position. During 2008, the Company revised its estimate of the cost of outstanding workers’ compensation claims and, accordingly, reduced expense by $12.7 million. This compares to adjustments reducing prior year workers’ compensation claims by $11.6 million in 2007 and $7.7 million in 2006.
Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current presentation. The results of operations related to the 2007 disposition of Kelly Home Care and 2006 disposition of Kelly Staff Leasing have been reclassified and separately stated in the accompanying consolidated statements of earnings for 2008, 2007 and 2006. The assets and liabilities of these discontinued operations have not been reclassified in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and related notes. In the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows, the cash flows from discontinued operations are not separately classified.
2. Fair Value Measurements
Effective December 31, 2007, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“FAS 157”), for assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. FAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy based on the quality of inputs used to measure fair value and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The three fair value hierarchy levels are defined as follows:
Level 1 - inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 - inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 - inputs to the valuation methodology are based on prices or valuation techniques that are unobservable.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
2. Fair Value Measurements (continued)
The following table presents the assets carried at fair value as of December 28, 2008 on the consolidated balance sheet by fair value hierarchy level, as described above. The Company carried no liabilities at fair value as of December 28, 2008.
Money market funds with Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology represent investments in money market accounts, of which $27.3 million is included in cash and equivalents and $1.3 million of restricted cash is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The valuation is based on quoted market prices in active markets of those accounts as of the period end.
Available-for-sale investment with Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology represents the Company’s investment in Temp Holdings Co., Ltd. (“Temp Holdings”, formerly Tempstaff, Inc.) and is included in other assets at the fair market value of $22.5 million as of December 28, 2008 on the consolidated balance sheet. At December 28, 2008, the Company has determined that its available-for-sale investment is impaired. While Temp Holdings’ performance remains strong, its value has been affected by global market movements. The length of time (approximately nine months as of December 28, 2008) and extent to which the market value of the investment has been less than cost resulted in the Company’s determination that the impairment was other-than-temporary. As a result, the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment of $18.7 million in the asset impairments line of the consolidated statement of earnings. The valuation is based on the quoted market price of Temp Holdings’ stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange as of the period end.
For assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, the Company has elected to defer the FAS 157 measurement and disclosure requirements until fiscal 2009, consistent with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Staff Position No. 157-2 (“FSP No. 157-2”). The effect of such adoption at that time is not expected to be material.
Effective December 31, 2007, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Liabilities Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115” (“FAS 159”). FAS 159 permits entities to elect to measure eligible financial instruments at fair value. An entity shall report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date, and recognize upfront costs and fees related to those items in earnings as incurred and not deferred. Upon adoption, the Company has elected not to measure its eligible financial assets and liabilities at fair value.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
3. Acquisitions
As part of a strategy to diversify and expand our global operations, we completed several acquisitions during 2008, 2007 and 2006. Proforma financial information related to the acquisitions described below is not presented due to immateriality. The table below summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, along with adjustments to assets and liabilities related to current and prior year acquisitions, during the years ended December 28, 2008, December 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006:
Effective August 1, 2008, the Company acquired all of the shares of the Portuguese subsidiaries of Randstad Holding N.V., Randstad - Empresa de Trabalho Temporario, Unipessoal, Lda and Randstad - Gestao de Processos, Lda for approximately $13.2 million in cash. The acquisition includes 13 branch offices and 15 on-site locations serving the Portuguese staffing market. In addition to traditional temporary staffing services, current business lines also include on-site personnel management and permanent placement. This acquisition is included in the EMEA Commercial segment.
On August 28, 2008, the Company completed the acquisition of Toner Graham, a specialized accountancy and finance recruitment services company headquartered in the United Kingdom, for approximately $9.1 million in cash. The transaction also includes additional contingent earnout payments up to approximately $6.1 million in total, payable over three years, based primarily on the achievement of certain earnings targets. During 2008, the earnings target for 2008 was partially met and $0.2 million was accrued; the related payment will be made in 2009. Toner Graham is included in the EMEA PT segment.
Effective November 20, 2007, the Company acquired the net assets of access AG, a specialized recruitment services company headquartered in Germany with operations in Austria, for $21.2 million in cash. access AG is included in the OCG segment . The transaction included an additional contingent payment, based on the achievement of certain earnings targets. During 2008, $7.6 million was paid related primarily to the 2007 acquisition of access AG. Of this amount, $4.3 million represents the payment of a previously recorded liability, and the remaining $3.3 million represents adjustments to the initial purchase price. During 2008, the earnings target for 2008 was met and $6.3 million was accrued; the related payment will be made in 2009.
Effective May 30, 2007, the Company acquired P-Serv Pte Ltd (“P-Serv”), a company specializing in temporary staffing, permanent staffing, outsourcing and executive search, with operations in China, Hong Kong and Singapore, for $8.0 million in cash. As part of this transaction, Kelly acquired a 70% ownership interest in two permanent placement staffing joint ventures in China. Shanghai Changning Personnel Co., Ltd. and Nanchang Personnel Co., Ltd. maintain 30% minority interests in the two joint ventures. P-Serv is included in the APAC Commercial segment. During 2008, the previous earnout agreement for $2.6 million was converted to a consulting agreement, payable quarterly retroactive to July, 2008 through March, 2011.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
3. Acquisitions (continued)
Effective March 31, 2007, the Company acquired CGR/seven LLC, a creative staffing services firm that specializes in providing creative talent and placing professionals with design, publishing, marketing, fashion and media companies in the New York, New Jersey and Connecticut markets, for $12.3 million in cash at the date of acquisition and $1.0 million payable in each of the years 2008 and 2009. The transaction also included possible additional earnout payments of up to $2.0 million payable in each of the years 2008 and 2009, based primarily on the achievement of certain earnings targets. CGR/seven is included in the Company’s Americas PT business segment. A $1.0 million acquisition payment and $2.0 million earnout payment, both accrued as of the 2007 fiscal year end, were paid in 2008 related to the 2007 acquisition of CGR/seven LLC. The earnings target for the 2008 earnout payment was not met.
Effective March 23, 2007, the Company acquired the net operating assets of Talents Czech s.r.o. and Talents Polska Spolka z o.o., (“Talents Technology”), permanent placement and executive search firms with operations in the Czech Republic and Poland, for $3.1 million in cash. The transaction also included additional contingent earnout payments of up to approximately $1.6 million over three years, based primarily on the achievement of certain earnings targets. The earnings target for the 2007 and 2008 payments were not met. Talents Technology is included in the EMEA PT segment.
During the fourth quarter of 2006, we purchased Sony Corporation’s 40% interest in Tempstaff Kelly Inc. (“Tempstaff Kelly”), a joint venture originally created with Sony Corporation and Tempstaff, one of the largest Japanese staffing companies, for $5.0 million. With the purchase of Sony Corporation’s ownership share, we increased our ownership interest to 49%. Accordingly, earnings from continuing operations for 2006 included our equity earnings in Tempstaff Kelly from the date of acquisition. The Company’s proportionate share of Tempstaff Kelly’s net income was recorded in other income, net, in Kelly’s consolidated statement of earnings. (See Note 13.) Effective March 30, 2007, the Company paid $6.5 million for the remaining shares of Tempstaff Kelly. With the purchase of the remaining 51% ownership interest, Kelly increased its ownership interest to 100% and began directing all Tempstaff Kelly operations effective April 1, 2007. As a result, the assets and liabilities of Tempstaff Kelly, now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, were included in the Company’s financial statements on a fully consolidated basis as of April 1, 2007. Tempstaff Kelly’s operational results are included in the APAC Commercial business segment subsequent to April 1, 2007.
During the second quarter of 2006, the Company acquired the net operating assets of The Ayers Group, a New York-based career management firm specializing in customized career transition, consulting services and information technology staffing, for $4.6 million in cash. The transaction included additional contingent earn-out payments based primarily on the achievement of certain earnings targets. The 2006 earnings target was not met and no related payment was made. The 2008 earnout payment was met and $0.7 million was accrued; the payment will be made in 2009. The Ayers Group is included in the OCG segment.
Included in the adjustments above was $12.2 million, $8.4 million and $1.0 million of intangible assets associated with customer lists for the years ended 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. These assets will be amortized over a period of up to 15 years and will have no residual value. Also included in identified intangibles are the value of non-compete agreements and trademarks. The purchase price in 2007 also reflects the cost of the 49% interest in Tempstaff Kelly acquired in prior periods. All contingent earnout payments related to acquisitions will be recorded as additional goodwill. Goodwill associated with the CGR/seven LLC and the Ayers’ transactions is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
4. Discontinued Operations
Effective March 31, 2007, the Company sold its Kelly Home Care (“KHC”) business unit to ResCare, Inc. for $12.5 million and recognized a pre-tax gain on sale of $10.2 million ($6.2 million net of tax). Effective December 31, 2006, the Company sold its Kelly Staff Leasing business unit (“KSL”) to Oasis Outsourcing Holdings, Inc. for $6.5 million and recognized a pre-tax gain on sale of $3.7 million ($2.3 million net of tax). In connection with these transactions, $0.9 million of goodwill was allocated to KHC and $0.5 million of goodwill was allocated to KSL. The sales of KHC and KSL were an important part of the Company’s strategy of reviewing existing operations, selectively divesting non-core assets and reinvesting the proceeds in strategic growth initiatives.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
4. Discontinued Operations (continued)
In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets”, the gains recognized in conjunction with the sales of KHC and KSL, as well as their results of operations for the current and prior periods, have been reported as discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated statements of earnings. The components of earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax are as follows:
Discontinued operations for 2008 represent adjustments to assets and liabilities retained as part of the sale agreements, including an adjustment for $0.6 million, net of tax, related to litigation costs.
5. Restructuring
UK Operations
On January 24, 2007, the Chief Executive Officer of Kelly Services, Inc. authorized a restructuring plan for our United Kingdom operations (“Kelly U.K.”). The plan was the result of management’s strategic review of the operations of Kelly UK which identified under-performing branch locations and the opportunity for operational cost savings.
As of December 30, 2007, Kelly U.K. completed its restructuring actions and closed each of the 22 branches scheduled for closure, reached settlements with landlords for the U.K. headquarters locations and incurred $4.8 million of restructuring charges associated with these actions for year ended December 30, 2007. These expenses were reported as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in the EMEA Commercial segment. For the year ended December 30, 2007, the $4.8 million charge included $4.2 million for facility exit costs and $0.6 million for accelerated depreciation. The Company did not incur any significant severance costs in connection with the restructuring.
In addition, the Company incurred moving, fit out and lease origination fees related to the headquarters consolidation of $1.1 million for the year ended December 30, 2007. Total costs of the U.K. project were $5.9 million.
While this restructuring achieved our cost reduction goals, market conditions in the U.K. have significantly worsened. As a result, on January 21, 2009, the Chief Executive Officer of Kelly Services, Inc. authorized an additional restructuring plan for Kelly U.K. The plan is the result of management’s strategic review of the operations of Kelly U.K. which identified the opportunity for additional operational cost savings. We have not yet identified specific branches or employees affected, but expect that the plan will result in the elimination or consolidation of certain operations and approximately 350 staff reductions. We expect that the plan will be completed by the end of 2009.
We currently estimate that we will incur total pre-tax charges associated with these actions of approximately $11 million to $14 million, including approximately $9 million to $11 million in facility exit costs and approximately $2 million to $3 million in severance expenses. In the fourth quarter of 2008, we recorded $1.5 million of severance costs in selling, general and administrative expenses and expect the remainder to be recorded in 2009 in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. We expect all of the expense will result in future cash expenditures recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
5. Restructuring (continued)
Americas Operations
On July 23, 2007, the Chief Executive Officer of Kelly Services, Inc. authorized a restructuring plan for our Americas Commercial branch operations. The plan was the result of management’s strategic review of operations in the U.S. which identified under-performing branch locations. The plan resulted in the closure of 58 branch locations. As of December 30, 2007, Americas Commercial completed its restructuring actions and incurred $3.0 million of restructuring charges associated with these actions. These expenses were reported as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses in the Americas Commercial segment. For the year ended December 30, 2007, the $3.0 million charge included $2.7 million for facility exit costs and $0.2 million for accelerated depreciation of leasehold improvements and personal property. The Company did not incur any significant severance costs in connection with the restructuring.
Following is a summary of our balance sheet accrual related to the facility exit and severance costs:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
6. Goodwill
We completed our impairment test during the fourth quarter of the years ended December 28, 2008 and December 30, 2007 as required under SFAS 142. The changes in the net carrying amount of goodwill for the fiscal years 2007 and 2008 are as follows:
The Company uses a discounted cash flow methodology to determine fair value of its reporting units, and has determined its reporting units to be the same as its operating segments and reportable segments. Due to worsening economic conditions, we determined that the fair value of our EMEA Commercial reporting unit was less than its carrying value. As a result, we performed additional impairment testing to determine the implied fair value of EMEA Commercial’s goodwill. The implied fair value of the goodwill was less than its carrying value. As a result, we recognized a goodwill impairment loss of $50.4 million in the EMEA Commercial reporting unit. This expense has been recorded in the asset impairment line on the consolidated statement of earnings. The fair value of all other reporting units exceeded carrying value.
Our analysis uses significant assumptions by segment, including: expected future revenue and expense growth rates, profit margins, cost of capital, discount rate and forecasted capital expenditures. Our projections assume near-term revenue declines, followed by a recovery and long-term modest growth. Assumptions and estimates about future cash flows and discount rates are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made are reasonable and appropriate, different assumptions and estimates could materially impact our reported financial results. Different assumptions of the anticipated future benefits from these businesses could result in an impairment charge, which would decrease operating income and result in lower asset values on our balance sheet. For example, a change in the estimated discount rate of 1% could have resulted in the fair value of the Americas Commercial segment falling below its book value.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
7. Other Assets
Included in other assets are the following:
Intangible amortization expense was $4.6 million, $2.0 million and $0.3 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
8. Debt
Short-Term Debt
The Company has a committed $150 million, unsecured multi-currency revolving credit facility used to fund working capital, acquisitions and for general corporate purposes. This credit facility expires in November 2010. The interest rate applicable to borrowings under the line of credit is 40 basis points over LIBOR and may include additional costs if the funds are drawn from certain countries. LIBOR rates varied by currency. The weighted average interest rate for both 2008 and 2007 was 2.4%. Borrowings under this arrangement were $8.2 million and $49.7 million at year-end 2008 and 2007, respectively. The carrying amounts of the Company’s borrowings under the lines of credit described above approximate their fair values. This credit facility contains requirements for a maximum leverage ratio and minimum interest coverage ratio, both of which were met at December 28, 2008.
On February 6, 2008, the Company closed an 18 million euro term loan facility, which matured and was repaid on February 4, 2009. The facility was used to refinance short-term borrowings on the $150 million revolving line of credit related to the acquisition of access AG in Germany. The interest rate on this loan was Euribor plus 35 basis points. The entire principal amount was due upon maturity with interest payments due at intervals of one, three, or six months, as elected by the Company. The weighted average interest rate on the amount outstanding during 2008 was 5.0%. At December 28, 2008, the amount outstanding under this loan agreement totaled approximately $25.1 million.
The Company has additional uncommitted one-year local credit facilities that total $14.5 million as of December 28, 2008. Borrowings under these lines totaled $1.9 million and less than $0.1 million at year-end 2008 and 2007, respectively. The interest rate for these borrowings ranged from 3.2% to 6.7% for 2008 and was 7.0% at year-end 2007.
During March, 2007, in connection with the purchase of the remaining 51% interest in Tempstaff Kelly, as well as to fund local working capital, the Company obtained short-term financing utilizing an $8.2 million yen-denominated credit facility.
Long-Term Debt
On October 10, 2008, the Company closed a three-year syndicated term loan facility comprised of 9.0 million euros and 5.0 million U.K. pounds, maturing October 3, 2011. The facility was used to refinance short-term borrowings related to the Portugal and Toner Graham acquisitions. The loans bear interest at the LIBOR rate applicable to each currency plus a spread of 100 basis points. This credit facility contains requirements for a maximum leverage ratio and minimum interest coverage ratio, both of which were met as of December 28, 2008. The entire principal amount is due upon maturity with interest payments due at intervals of one, two, three, or six months, as elected by the Company. The weighted average interest rate on the amount outstanding under the loan agreement during 2008 varied by currency and ranged from 5.36% to 5.49%. At December 28, 2008 the amount outstanding under this loan agreement totaled approximately $19.9 million.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
8. Debt (continued)
Long-Term Debt (continued)
In November, 2007, the Company entered into a five-year 5.5 billion yen-denominated loan agreement, the proceeds of which were used to repay all of the Company’s outstanding short-term yen-denominated borrowings. The loan agreement, which matures on November 13, 2012, bears interest at LIBOR plus 45 basis points. The weighted average interest rate on the amount outstanding under the loan agreement during 2008 and 2007 was 1.41% and 1.43%, respectively. Interest-only payments are required for periods of three, six, nine or 12 months, as elected by the Company. The U.S. dollar amount outstanding, which fluctuates based on foreign exchange rates, totaled approximately $60.1 million at December 28, 2008 and $48.4 million at December 30, 2007. This loan agreement contains requirements for a maximum leverage ratio and minimum interest coverage ratio, both of which were met at December 28, 2008. No principal payments are due in 2008-2011. The entire loan balance is due in 2012.
As of December 28, 2008, the fair market value of the long-term debt approximates the carrying value.
9. Retirement Benefits
The Company provides a qualified defined contribution plan covering substantially all U.S.-based full-time employees, except officers and certain other management employees. Upon approval by the Board of Directors, a discretionary contribution based on eligible wages is funded annually. The plan also offers a savings feature with Company matching contributions. Assets of this plan are held by an independent trustee for the sole benefit of participating employees.
A nonqualified deferred compensation plan is provided for officers and certain other management employees. Upon approval by the Board of Directors, a discretionary contribution based on eligible wages is made annually. This plan also includes provisions for salary deferrals and Company matching contributions.
The liability for the nonqualified plan was $65.9 million and $85.2 million as of year-end 2008 and 2007, respectively, and is included in current accrued payroll and related taxes and noncurrent accrued retirement benefits. Participants’ earnings on this liability which were charged to selling, general and administrative expenses were losses of $25.3 million in 2008, and earnings of $5.9 million in 2007 and $7.6 million in 2006. In connection with the administration of this plan, the Company has purchased company-owned variable universal life insurance policies insuring the lives of certain officers and key employees. The cash surrender value of these policies, which is based primarily on investments in mutual funds and can only be used for payment of the Company’s obligations related to the non-qualified deferred compensation plan noted above, was $65.1 million and $84.3 million at year-end 2008 and 2007, respectively. These investments are included in other assets and are restricted for the use of funding this plan. Earnings on these assets, which were included in selling, general and administrative expenses, were losses of $24.3 million in 2008, and earnings of $7.3 million in 2007 and $8.4 million in 2006.
The net expense from continuing operations for retirement benefits, including employer contributions for both the qualified and nonqualified deferred compensation plans, totaled $3.7 million in 2008, $4.7 million in 2007 and $7.5 million in 2006.
In addition, the Company also has several defined benefit pension plans in locations outside of the United States. The total projected benefit obligation, assets and unfunded liability for these plans, as of December 28, 2008, were $5.5 million, $3.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The total projected benefit obligation, assets and unfunded liability for these plans, as of December 30, 2007, were $5.6 million, $4.0 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Total pension expense for these plans was $0.5 million, $0.7 million and $0.9 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Pension contributions and the amount of accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized in 2009 are not significant.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
10. Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
The authorized capital stock of the Company is 100,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 10,000,000 shares of Class B common stock. Class A shares have no voting rights and are not convertible. Class B shares have voting rights and are convertible into Class A shares on a share-for-share basis at any time. Both classes of stock have identical rights in the event of liquidation.
Class A shares and Class B shares are both entitled to receive dividends, subject to the limitation that no cash dividend on the Class B shares may be declared unless the Board of Directors declares an equal or larger cash dividend on the Class A shares. As a result, a cash dividend may be declared on the Class A shares without declaring a cash dividend on the Class B shares.
On August 8, 2007, the board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50 million of the Company’s outstanding Class A common shares. The repurchase program has a term of 24 months. During 2008, the Company repurchased 436,697 Class A shares for $8.0 million. During 2007, the Company repurchased 1,679,873 Class A shares for $34.7 million.
A total of $7.3 million remains available under the share repurchase program at December 28, 2008. The Company does not intend to make further share repurchases under the plan.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income at year-end 2008, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:
The pension liability adjustment of $0.9 million in 2006 represents the adjustment, net of tax, to initially apply FASB Statement No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans.”
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
11. Earnings Per Share
The reconciliations of earnings per share computations for the fiscal years 2008, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:
Stock options and restricted awards representing 1,697,719; 859,090 and 1,040,286 shares, respectively, for 2008, 2007 and 2006 were excluded from the computation of diluted (loss) earnings per share due to their anti-dilutive effect.
We have presented earnings per share for our two classes of common stock on a combined basis. This presentation is consistent with the earnings per share computations that result for each class of common stock utilizing the two-class method as described in SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share (as amended)” (“SFAS 128”). The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula which determines earnings per share for each class of common stock according to the dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in the undistributed earnings.
In applying the two class method, we have determined that the undistributed earnings should be allocated to each class on a pro rata basis after consideration of all of the participation rights of the Class B shares (including voting and conversion rights) and our history of paying dividends equally to each class of common stock on a per share basis.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
11. Earnings Per Share (continued)
The Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation allows the Board of Directors to declare a cash dividend to Class A shares without declaring equal dividends to the Class B shares. Class B shares’ voting and conversion rights, however, effectively allow the Class B shares to participate in dividends equally with Class A shares on a per share basis.
The Class B shares are the only shares with voting rights. The Class B shareholders are therefore able to exercise voting control with respect to all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of or removal of directors. The Board of Directors has historically declared and the Company historically has paid equal per share dividends on both the Class A and Class B shares. Each class has participated equally in all dividends declared since 1987.
In addition, Class B shares are convertible, at the option of the holder, into Class A shares on a one for one basis. As a result, Class B shares can participate equally in any dividends declared on the Class A shares by exercising their conversion rights.
12. Stock-Based Compensation
Under the Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), which became effective in May 2005, the Company may grant stock options (both incentive and nonqualified), stock appreciation rights (SARs), restricted stock awards and performance awards to key employees utilizing the Company’s Class A stock. The Plan provides that the maximum number of shares available for grants is 10 percent of the outstanding Class A stock, adjusted for Plan activity over the preceding five years. This plan replaced the Performance Incentive Plan, which was terminated upon approval of the Equity Incentive Plan by the Board of Directors. Shares available for future grants at December 28, 2008 under the Equity Incentive Plan were 2,251,641. The Company issues shares out of treasury stock to satisfy stock-based awards. The Company has no intent to repurchase additional shares for the purpose of satisfying stock-based awards.
On January 2, 2006, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” (“SFAS 123(R)”) which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors, including employee stock options, based on estimated fair values. SFAS 123(R) supersedes the Company’s previous accounting under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB 25”) for periods beginning in fiscal 2006.
The Company adopted SFAS 123(R) using the modified prospective transition method, which requires the application of the accounting standard as of January 2, 2006, the first day of the Company’s 2006 fiscal year. The adjustment in 2006 for the cumulative effect of change in accounting principle associated with the adoption of FAS 123(R) was insignificant.
In 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company recognized stock-based compensation cost of $5.6 million, $5.6 million and $6.7 million, respectively, as well as related tax benefits of $2.2 million, $1.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
12. Stock-Based Compensation (continued)
Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted stock awards, which typically vest over a period of 3 to 5 years, are issued to certain key employees and are subject to forfeiture until the end of an established restriction period. The Company utilizes the market price on the date of grant as the fair market value of restricted stock awards and expenses the fair value on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
A summary of the status of nonvested restricted stock awards under the Plan as of the year ended December 28, 2008 and changes during this period is presented as follows:
As of December 28, 2008, unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted shares totaled $12.5 million. The weighted average period over which this cost is expected to be recognized is approximately two years. The weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock awards granted during 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $20.61, $28.41 and $27.47, respectively. The total fair market value of restricted shares vested during 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $3.7 million, $5.2 million and $4.7 million, respectively.
Stock Options
Under the terms of the Plan, stock options may not be granted at prices less than the fair market value on the date of grant, nor for a term exceeding 10 years, and typically vest over 3 years. The Company expenses the fair value of stock option grants on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The Company used a binomial option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted in 2006. No stock options were granted in 2008 or 2007. The inputs for expected volatility, post-vest termination activity and exercise factor of the options were primarily based on historical information. The following weighted average assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2006:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
12. Stock-Based Compensation (continued)
A summary of the status of stock option grants under the Plan as of the year ended December 28, 2008 and changes during this period is presented as follows:
The table above includes 89,500 of non-employee director shares outstanding at December 28, 2008.
As of December 28, 2008, unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options was insignificant and related to 5,000 non-qualified stock options that vested on January 1, 2009. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during 2006 was $5.36. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2007 and 2006 was $1.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively. No stock options were exercised in 2008.
Windfall tax benefits arising from stock-based compensation in 2008, 2007 and 2006 totaled $0.1 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively and are included in the “Other financing activities” component of net cash from financing activities in the Statement of Cash Flows.
13. Other (Expense) Income, Net
Included in other (expense) income, net are the following:
Dividend income includes dividends earned on the Company’s investment in Temp Holdings, while net (loss) earnings in equity investment represents the Company’s share of the net (loss) earnings from Tempstaff Kelly. (See Note 3). Minority interest (income) loss represents the portion of the loss, net of tax, attributable to minority shareholders. The foreign exchange losses, booked primarily in the fourth quarter, related to yen-denominated net debt for the Temp Holdings investment and ruble-denominated intercompany balances in Russia. Foreign exchange losses were not significant in 2007.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
14. Income Taxes
Earnings from continuing operations before taxes for the years 2008, 2007 and 2006 were taxed under the following jurisdictions:
The provision for income taxes from continuing operations was as follows:
Deferred tax assets are comprised of the following:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
14. Income Taxes (continued)
The deferred tax balance is classified in the consolidated balance sheet as:
The differences between income taxes from continuing operations for financial reporting purposes and the U.S. statutory rate of 35% are as follows:
The Company has U.S. general business credit carryforwards of $1.3 million which expire in 2028. The net tax effect of foreign loss carryforwards at December 28, 2008 total $30.6 million which expire as follows:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
14. Income Taxes (continued)
The Company has established a valuation allowance for loss carryforwards and future deductible items in certain foreign jurisdictions. The valuation allowance is determined in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109 (SFAS 109), “Accounting for Income Taxes,” which requires an assessment of both negative and positive evidence when measuring the need for a valuation allowance. The Company’s foreign losses in recent periods in these jurisdictions represented sufficient negative evidence to require a valuation allowance under SFAS 109. The Company intends to maintain a valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support realization of the foreign deferred tax assets.
We have recorded a deferred tax asset of $0.7 million on undistributed earnings not considered permanently reinvested in our foreign subsidiaries. Provision has not been made for U.S. or additional foreign income taxes on an estimated $45.7 million of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries, which are permanently reinvested. If such earnings were to be remitted, management believes that U.S. foreign tax credits would largely eliminate any such U.S. and foreign income taxes.
Deferred income taxes recorded in other comprehensive income include:
The Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (FIN 48), on January 1, 2007. Upon adoption of FIN 48, the Company recognized a $0.3 million increase in its retained earnings balance. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
If the $2.5 million in 2008 and $3.8 million in 2007 of unrecognized tax benefits were recognized, they would have a favorable effect of $2.0 million in 2008 and $2.8 million in 2007 on the effective tax rate.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
14. Income Taxes (continued)
The Company recognizes both interest and penalties as part of the income tax provision. The Company recognized a benefit of approximately $0.5 million in 2008 and expense of $0.2 million in 2007 for interest and penalties. At year end, accrued interest and penalties were $0.7 million in 2008 and $1.7 million in 2007.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. and in various states and foreign countries. In the major jurisdictions where the Company operates, it is generally no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2001.
The Company and its subsidiaries have various other income tax returns in the process of examination, administrative appeals or litigation. The unrecognized tax benefit and related interest and penalty balances include approximately $2.1 million for 2008 and $2.0 million for 2007 related to tax positions which are reasonably possible to change within the next twelve months due to income tax audits, settlements and statute expirations.
15. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions, as disclosed in the statements of cash flows, for the fiscal years 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, were as follows:
The Company paid interest of $3.7 million, $2.1 million and $1.9 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The Company paid income taxes of $26.9 million in 2008, $46.0 million in 2007 and $24.2 million in 2006.
16. Commitments
The Company conducts its field operations primarily from leased facilities. The following is a schedule by fiscal year of future minimum commitments under operating leases as of December 28, 2008:
Lease expense from continuing operations for fiscal 2008, 2007 and 2006 amounted to $63.4 million, $65.0 million and $53.2 million, respectively.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
16. Commitments (continued)
In addition to operating lease agreements, the Company has entered into unconditional purchase obligations totaling $26.8 million. These obligations relate primarily to voice and data communications services which the Company expects to utilize generally within the next two fiscal years, in the ordinary course of business. The Company has no material unrecorded commitments, losses, contingencies or guarantees associated with any related parties or unconsolidated entities.
17. Contingencies
In November 2003, an action was commenced in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York, Enron Corp. (“Enron”) v. J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc., et al., against approximately 100 defendants, including Kelly Properties, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kelly Services, Inc., who invested in Enron’s commercial paper. The Complaint alleged that Enron’s October 2001 buyback of its commercial paper was a voidable preference under the bankruptcy laws, constituted a fraudulent conveyance, and that the Company received prepayment of approximately $10 million, $5 million of which was related to Enron commercial paper purchased by the Company from Lehman Brothers or its affiliate, Lehman Commercial Paper, Inc. (“Lehman”), and $5 million of which was purchased by the Company from Goldman Sachs & Co. (“Goldman”). In 2007, solely to avoid the cost of continued litigation, the Company reached a confidential settlement with Enron, Lehman and certain other defendants of all claims arising from the Company’s purchase of Enron commercial paper from Lehman. In the third quarter of 2008, solely to avoid the cost of continued litigation, the Company reached a confidential settlement with Enron and other defendants of all Enron’s claims arising out of the Company’s purchase of Enron commercial paper from Goldman. This settlement was approved by the Court and made final in the fourth quarter of 2008. The settlement amount paid is not materially different from the reserves previously established.
The Company is the subject of a class action lawsuit brought on behalf of employees working in the State of California, which is before the Superior Court, Central District, Los Angeles County. The claims in the lawsuit relate to alleged misclassification of personal attendants as exempt and not entitled to overtime compensation under state law and to alleged technical violations of a state law governing the content of employee pay stubs. On April 30, 2007, the Court certified two classes that correspond to the claims in the cases. In the third quarter of 2008, Kelly was granted a hearing date for its motions related to summary judgment on both certified claims. The Company believes that it has meritorious defenses to the claims and will continue to vigorously defend the lawsuit.
On February 5, 2003 an action was commenced in the Federal District Court for the Eastern District of California by Lynn Noyes against Kelly Services, Inc. alleging religious discrimination. In August 2004, Kelly’s Motion for Summary Judgment was granted dismissing the complaint. Noyes appealed and the case was remanded for trial. On April 4, 2008, a jury returned a verdict against Kelly Services, Inc. finding the Company liable for religious discrimination. The verdict was comprised of: $0.2 million for economic damages, $0.5 million for emotional distress damages and $5.9 million in punitive damages. The Company pursued post trial motions which resulted in the reduction of punitive damages to $0.7 million. The Company continues to believe there is no basis for finding religious discrimination and has filed an appeal with the United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit.
The Company is also subject to various legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of its business, typically employment discrimination and wage and hour matters. These legal proceedings and claims are subject to many uncertainties, the outcome of which is not predictable. It is reasonably possible that some matters could be decided unfavorably to the Company. In addition to the certified class action discussed above, certain other legal proceedings seek class action status; these matters individually and in the aggregate seek substantial compensatory, statutory or related damages. Certain of these matters involve alleged violations of state employment laws which could result in significant punitive damages. In the unlikely event that all of these matters went to trial and were decided unfavorably to the Company, the Company’s potential liability could exceed $500 million, based on the statutory violations alleged. However, the variability in pleadings, together with the actual experience of management in litigating claims, demonstrate that the monetary relief that may be specified in a lawsuit bears little relevance to the ultimate outcome. Much of the litigation is in its early stages and litigation is subject to uncertainty. No matter reached a stage in the litigation process that caused the Company to reassess its litigation risk or change the amounts reserved during the fourth quarter of 2008.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
17. Contingencies (continued)
During the third quarter of 2008, several of these matters reached a stage in the litigation process that caused the Company to reassess its litigation risk and establish additional reserves which, in the aggregate, resulted in a charge of $23.5 million (including costs for cash awards, legal fees, administrative costs and statutory penalties), of which $22.5 million was included in selling, general and administrative expenses from continuing operations and $1.0 million was included in discontinued operations. The Company’s potential exposure is most significant in matters involving alleged violations of state wage and hour laws. The Company continues to vigorously defend against such claims. Until these matters reach final resolution, their outcome is unpredictable. If we are able to reach negotiated settlements, we would expect cash payments to occur in 2009. However, if the issues are not resolved, litigation could extend beyond 2009. Disclosure of the most likely outcomes of individual cases and significant assumptions made in estimating related reserves are likely to have adverse consequences to the Company including, by way of example, the possibility that the disclosures themselves constitute admissible evidence in a trial and the potential to set a floor in settlement negotiations.
18. Segment Disclosures
The Company’s segments are based on the organizational structure for which financial results are regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to determine resource allocation and assess performance. Each reportable segment is managed by its own management team and reports to executive management. Effective with the first quarter of 2008, the Company realigned its operations into seven reporting segments - (1) Americas Commercial, (2) Americas Professional and Technical (“Americas PT”), (3) Europe, Middle East and Africa Commercial (“EMEA Commercial”), (4) Europe, Middle East and Africa Professional and Technical (“EMEA PT”), (5) Asia Pacific Commercial (“APAC Commercial”), (6) Asia Pacific Professional and Technical (“APAC PT”) and (7) Outsourcing and Consulting Group (“OCG”).
The Commercial business segments within the Americas, EMEA and APAC regions represent traditional office services, contract-center staffing, marketing, electronic assembly, light industrial and substitute teachers. The PT segments encompass a wide range of highly skilled temporary employees, including scientists, financial professionals, attorneys, engineers, IT specialists and healthcare workers. OCG includes recruitment process outsourcing, contingent workforce outsourcing, business process outsourcing, executive placement and career transition/outplacement services. Corporate expenses that directly support the operating units have been allocated to the seven segments. Included in unallocated Corporate expenses in 2008 is $80.5 million related to asset impairment charges (see Notes 1, 2 and 6) and $22.5 million related to litigation costs (see Note 17).
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
18. Segment Disclosures (continued)
The following table presents information about the reported operating income of the Company for the fiscal years 2008, 2007 and 2006. Segment data presented is net of intersegment revenues. Asset information by reportable segment is not reported, since the Company does not produce such information internally.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
18. Segment Disclosures (continued)
Specified items included in segment earnings for the fiscal years 2008, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
18. Segment Disclosures (continued)
A summary of revenue from services by geographic area for 2008, 2007 and 2006 follows:
Foreign revenue is based on the country in which the legal subsidiary is domiciled. No single foreign country’s revenue was material to the consolidated revenues of the Company.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
18. Segment Disclosures (continued)
A summary of long-lived assets information by geographic area as of the years ended 2008 and 2007 follows:
Long-lived assets include primarily property and equipment and intangible assets. No single foreign country’s long-lived assets were material to the consolidated long-lived assets of the Company. The 2007 balances were revised to remove Goodwill from the Domestic and International long-lived asset amounts.
19. New Accounting Pronouncements
In February, 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FSP No. 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157,” which delays for one year the effective date of FASB Statement No. 157 (“FAS 157”), “Fair Value Measurements,” for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). The delay is intended to allow additional time to consider the effect of various implementation issues that have arisen, or that may arise, from the application of FAS 157, which became effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 (and for interim periods within those years). The requirements of FSP No. 157-2 will be effective for the Company’s 2009 fiscal year and are not expected to be material.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 141(R), “Business Combinations” (“FAS 141(R)”). FAS 141(R) expands the definition of transactions and events that qualify as business combinations; requires that the acquired assets and liabilities, including contingencies, be recorded at the fair value determined on the acquisition date and changes thereafter be reflected in earnings, rather than goodwill; changes the recognition timing for restructuring costs; and requires acquisition costs to be expensed as incurred. Acquisition costs incurred for transactions expected to be completed in 2009 were expensed as incurred during 2008. Adoption of FAS 141(R) is required for combinations occurring in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Early adoption and retroactive application of FAS 141(R) to fiscal years preceding the effective date are not permitted. We are not able to predict the impact this guidance will have on the accounting for acquisitions we may complete in future periods. For acquisitions completed prior to January 1, 2009, the new standard requires that changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and acquired income tax uncertainties after the measurement period must be recognized in earnings rather than as an adjustment to the cost of the acquisition. We do not expect this new guidance to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Financial Statements” (“FAS 160”). FAS 160 re-characterizes minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries as non-controlling interests and requires the classification of minority interests as a component of equity. Under FAS 160, a change in control will be measured at fair value, with any gain or loss recognized in earnings. The effective date for FAS 160 is for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Early adoption and retroactive application of FAS 160 to fiscal years preceding the effective date are not permitted. We currently do not have significant minority interests in our consolidated subsidiaries.
In May 2008, FASB issued FAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” (“FAS 162”). This statement documents the hierarchy of the various sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles used in preparing financial statements. FAS 162 shall be effective 60 days following the Securities and Exchange Commission’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”. FAS 162 will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
19. New Accounting Pronouncements (continued)
In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets.” This FSP amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under FASB Statement No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“FAS 142”). The objective of this FSP is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under FAS 142 and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under FAS 141(R), and other U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. This FSP applies to all intangible assets, whether acquired in a business combination or otherwise and shall be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years and applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the effective date. Early adoption is not permitted. The requirements of this FSP will be effective for the Company’s 2009 fiscal year and are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2008, the FASB issued EITF 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities” (“FSP EITF 03-6-1”). This FSP clarifies that share-based payment awards that entitle their holders to receive nonforfeitable dividends before vesting should be considered participating securities and, therefore, included in the calculation of basic earnings per share using the two-class method under FAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share”. FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, as well as interim periods within those years. Once effective, all prior-period earnings per share data presented must be adjusted retrospectively to conform with the provisions of this FSP. Early application is not permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that FSP EITF 03-6-1 will have on our financial statements when it is adopted in the first quarter of fiscal year 2009.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited)
(1) Earnings (loss) per share amounts for each quarter are required to be computed independently and may not equal the amounts computed for the total year.
(2) Included are litigation costs of $22.5 million for the third quarter.
(3) Included are restructuring costs for the UK of $1.5 million for the fourth quarter and full year.
(4) Included are restructuring costs for the UK and Americas operations as follows: $2.6 million in the first quarter, $2.5 million in the second quarter, $2.5 million in the third quarter, $1.3 million in the fourth quarter, and $8.9 million for the full year.
(5) Included are restructuring costs, net of tax, for the UK and Americas operations as follows: $2.6 million in the first quarter, $2.5 million in the second quarter, $1.9 million in the third quarter, $0.8 million in the fourth quarter and $7.8 million for the full year.
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION RESERVES
Kelly Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
December 28, 2008
(In thousands of dollars)
* Allowance of companies acquired.
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
REQUIRED BY ITEM 601,
REGULATION S-K
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
REQUIRED BY ITEM 601,
REGULATION S-K (continued)