ITEM 1. BUSINESS
(a) General Development of Business
The Progressive insurance organization began business in 1937. The Progressive Corporation, an insurance holding company formed in 1965, currently has 58 subsidiaries and 1 mutual insurance company affiliate. Progressive’s insurance subsidiaries and affiliate provide personal and commercial automobile insurance and other specialty property-casualty insurance and related services throughout the United States. Our property-casualty insurance products protect our customers against losses due to collision and physical damage to their motor vehicles and uninsured and underinsured bodily injury, and liability to others for personal injury or property damage arising out of the use of those vehicles. Our non-insurance subsidiaries generally support our insurance and investment operations.
(b) Financial Information About Segments
Incorporated by reference from Note 10 - Segment Information in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
(c) Narrative Description of Business
We offer a number of personal and commercial property-casualty insurance products primarily related to motor vehicles. Net premiums written were $13.6 billion in 2008, compared to $13.8 billion in 2007 and $14.1 billion in 2006. Our combined ratio, calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), was 94.6 in 2008, 92.6 in 2007, and 86.7 in 2006.
Organization
We write private passenger auto insurance and the majority of our special lines products in all 50 states; we began writing auto and boat insurance in Massachusetts during 2008. We also write private passenger auto in the District of Columbia. We write commercial auto policies in 49 states; we do not currently write commercial auto in Hawaii or the District of Columbia.
Auto insurance differs greatly by community because regulations and legal decisions vary by state and because, among other factors, traffic, law enforcement, cultural attitudes, insurance agents, medical services, and auto repair services vary by community. To respond to these local differences, we are organized as follows:
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Our Personal Lines product management group is organized by state into four geographic regions, led by a general manager for each region for our private passenger auto products. The special lines product management group is organized by product and led by a general manager.
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Our Commercial Auto business is organized by state with product managers responsible for local implementation. These state-level managers are led by a general manager.
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Our Claims business area, which supports both the Personal Lines and Commercial Auto businesses, is organized into six geographic regions, with a general manager responsible for each region.
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Our business area general managers each report to one of our Group Presidents (discussed below).
Our Direct sales and customer service groups, located at call centers in Mayfield Village, Ohio; Austin, Texas; Tampa, Florida; Sacramento, California; Tempe, Arizona; and Colorado Springs, Colorado, support our underwriting and claims operations.
Our executive management team sets policy and makes key strategic decisions and includes the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Legal Officer, Chief Investment Officer, Chief Marketing Officer, Chief Information Officer, and Chief Human Resource Officer, as well as our three Group Presidents (Personal Lines, Commercial Lines, and Claims). The Group Presidents are responsible for the development and management of our product offerings and customer service processes that are tailored to the unique characteristics and purchasing preferences of customers who shop for and select our insurance products.
Personal Lines
Our Personal Lines segment writes insurance for private passenger automobiles and recreational and other vehicles. This business generally offers more than one program in a single state, with each program targeted to a specific distribution channel, market, or customer group. The Personal Lines business accounted for approximately 87% of total net premiums written for each of the last three years. Our strategy is to be a competitively priced provider of a full line of auto insurance products with superior service, distributed through whichever channel the customer prefers.
We ranked fourth in industry market share for 2007 based on net premiums written and believe that we held that position for 2008. There are approximately 360 competitors in the total private passenger auto market. Progressive and the other leading 15 private passenger auto insurers, each of whom write over $2 billion of premiums, comprise about 75% of this market. For 2008, the estimated industry net premiums written for personal auto insurance in the United States was $159.9 billion, and our share of this market was approximately 7.2%, compared to $159.1 billion and 7.3%, respectively, in 2007, and $160.2 billion and 7.4% in 2006. Except as otherwise noted, all industry data and our market share or ranking in the industry either were derived directly from data reported by A.M. Best Company, Inc. (“A.M. Best”) or were estimated using A.M. Best data as the primary source.
Private passenger automobile insurance represented approximately 90% of our total Personal Lines net premiums written for the last three years. Volume potential is driven by our price competitiveness, brand recognition, service quality, and the actions of our competitors, among other factors. See “Competitive Factors” on page 4 of this report for further discussion.
Our specialty Personal Lines products include insurance for motorcycles, recreational vehicles, mobile homes, watercraft, snowmobiles, and similar items. Due to the nature of these products, we typically experience higher losses during the warmer weather months. Our competitors are specialty companies and large multi-line insurance carriers. Although industry figures are not available, based on our analysis of this market, we believe that we are one of the largest participants in the specialty personal lines market, and that we have been the market share leader for the motorcycle product since 1998.
The Personal Lines business is generated either by independent agents and brokers or written directly online or by phone. The Agency business includes business written by our network of more than 30,000 independent insurance agencies located throughout the United States, as well as brokerages in New York and California. These independent insurance agents and brokers have the ability to place business with Progressive for specified insurance coverages within prescribed underwriting guidelines, subject to compliance with company-mandated procedures. Our guidelines prescribe the kinds and amounts of coverage that may be written and the premium rates that may be charged for specified categories of risk. The agents and brokers do not have authority on behalf of Progressive to establish underwriting guidelines, develop rates, settle or adjust claims, or enter into other transactions or commitments. The Agency business also writes through strategic alliance business relationships with other insurance companies, financial institutions, and national agencies. In 2008, the total net premiums written through the Agency business represented 62% of our Personal Lines volume, compared to 63% in 2007 and 64% in 2006.
The Direct business includes business written directly by us online and over the phone. Net premiums written in the Direct business were 38%, 37%, and 36% of our Personal Lines volume in 2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively.
We also currently offer a personal umbrella insurance product in 24 states through certain independent agents and to Direct business customers via telephone. We began offering this product in select markets in 2006 and have been expanding into additional markets as we have evaluated and met certain performance criteria. We plan to continue the roll-out in both channels during 2009.
Progressive Home Advantage, our offering which combines a Progressive auto policy with a homeowner’s or renter’s policy underwritten by Homesite Insurance, expanded in 2008. We provide this option to customers in 46 states for Direct buyers and in 33 states for Agency customers. In 2009, we plan to make this offering available through additional agents.
Commercial Auto
The Commercial Auto business writes primary liability and physical damage insurance for automobiles and trucks owned by small businesses and represented approximately 13% of our total net premiums written for each of the last three years. The majority of our Commercial Auto customers insure three or fewer vehicles. The Commercial Auto business, which is primarily distributed through the independent agency channel, operates in the specialty truck and business auto markets. The specialty truck commercial auto market, which accounts for slightly more than half of our total Commercial Auto premiums and approximately 40% of the vehicles we insure in this business, includes dump trucks, logging trucks, tow trucks, local cartage, and other short-haul commercial vehicles. The remainder is in the business auto market, which includes autos, vans, and pick-up trucks used by artisans, such as contractors, landscapers, and plumbers, and a variety of other small businesses. In 2007, we introduced cargo and general liability insurance in select markets, with further state expansion in 2008. Although
the Commercial Auto business differs from Personal Lines auto in its customer bases and products written, both businesses require the same fundamental skills, including disciplined underwriting and pricing, as well as excellent claims service. There are approximately 360 competitors in the total commercial auto market. We primarily compete with 33 other large companies/groups, each with over $190 million of commercial auto premiums written annually. These leading commercial auto insurers comprise about 75% of this market. Our Commercial Auto business ranked third in the commercial auto insurance market for 2007, and we believe that we could rank third, or possibly fourth, for 2008.
Other Indemnity Businesses
Our other indemnity businesses, which represented less than 1% of our net premiums written in each of the last three years, primarily include writing professional liability insurance for community banks, principally directors and officers liability insurance. We reinsure the majority of the risk on these coverages with a small mutual reinsurer controlled by its bank customers and various other reinsurance entities. The program, sponsored by the American Bankers Association, insures over 1,700 banks, representing every state. In addition, our other indemnity businesses include managing our run-off businesses.
Service Businesses
Our service businesses provide insurance-related services and represented less than 1% of our revenues in each of the last three years. Our principal service business is providing policy issuance and claims adjusting services for the Commercial Auto Insurance Procedures/Plans (CAIP), which are state-supervised plans serving the involuntary market. The decrease in service business revenues reflects the continuing cyclical downturn in the involuntary commercial auto market. We have previously competed with two other carriers for the majority of the CAIP market. However, one of these other carriers ceased writing new business in the second quarter 2008, and the remaining carrier recently announced that it will cease writing new business in early 2009. This will leave us as the largest CAIP provider countrywide. Although we expect that our market share will be increasing, we may not realize an immediate effect to revenues as the cyclical downturn in the CAIP market continues. In addition, we do not expect any increase in revenues to be material to our financial results. As a service provider, we collect fee revenue that is earned on a pro rata basis over the term of the related policies. We cede 100% of the premiums and losses to the state plans. Reimbursements to us from the CAIP plans are required by state laws and regulations. Material violations of contractual service standards can result in ceding restrictions for the affected business. We have maintained, and plan to continue to maintain, compliance with these standards. Any changes in our participation as a CAIP service provider would not materially affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Claims
We manage our claims handling on a companywide basis through approximately 460 claims offices located throughout the United States. In addition, we have in operation 54 centers, in 41 metropolitan areas across the country, that provide our concierge level claims service. These facilities are designed to provide end-to-end resolution for auto physical damage losses. Customers can choose to bring their vehicles to one of these sites, where they can pick up a rental vehicle. Our representatives will then write the estimate, select a qualified repair shop, arrange the repair, including pick up and delivery of the vehicle, and inspect the vehicle once the repairs are complete. We received a U.S. patent in 2008 for this innovative approach to the vehicle repair process, which increases consumer satisfaction, increases our productivity, and improves the cycle time and quality of repairs. Concierge level of claims service is our primary approach to damage assessment and coordination of vehicle repairs at authorized auto repair facilities in these markets.
Competitive Factors
The automobile insurance and other property-casualty markets in which we operate are highly competitive. Property-casualty insurers generally compete on the basis of price, consumer recognition, coverages offered and other product features, claims handling, financial stability, customer service, and geographic coverage. Vigorous competition is provided by large, well-capitalized national companies, some of which have broad distribution networks of employed or captive agents, and by smaller regional insurers. Over the last few years, comparative rating services have gained prominence, adding transparency to industry pricing, and many of our competitors have significantly increased their advertising and marketing efforts and/or expanded their online service offerings. These changes have further intensified the competitive nature of the automobile and other property-casualty insurance markets.
We rely heavily on technology and extensive data gathering and analysis to segment markets and price accurately according to risk potential. We have remained competitive by refining our risk measurement and price segmentation skills, closely managing expenses, and achieving operating efficiencies. Superior customer service, fair and accurate claims adjusting, and strong brand recognition are also important factors in our competitive strategy.
State Insurance Licenses
Progressive’s insurance subsidiaries operate under licenses issued by various state insurance authorities. These licenses may be of perpetual duration or renewable periodically, provided the holder continues to meet applicable regulatory requirements. Our licenses govern the kinds of insurance coverages that may be written by our insurance subsidiaries in the issuing state. Such licenses are normally issued only after the filing of an appropriate application and the satisfaction of prescribed criteria. All licenses that are material to the subsidiaries’ businesses are in good standing.
Insurance Regulation
Progressive’s insurance subsidiaries are generally subject to regulation and supervision by insurance departments of the jurisdictions in which they are domiciled or licensed to transact business. At least one of our insurance subsidiaries is licensed and subject to regulation in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The nature and extent of such regulation and supervision varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Generally, an insurance company is subject to a higher degree of regulation and supervision in its state of domicile. Progressive’s insurance subsidiaries and its affiliate are domiciled in the states of Florida, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Texas, and Wisconsin. State insurance departments have broad administrative powers relating to licensing insurers and agents, regulating premium changes and policy forms, establishing reserve requirements, regulating compliance with statutory accounting methods, and the content of statutory financial reports, and regulating the type and amount of investments permitted. Rate regulation varies from “use and file,” to “file and use,” to prior approval.
Insurance departments are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that insurance companies maintain adequate capital and surplus and comply with a variety of operational standards. Insurance companies are generally required to file detailed annual and other reports with the insurance department of each jurisdiction in which they conduct business. Insurance departments are authorized to make periodic and other examinations of regulated insurers’ financial condition and operations to monitor financial stability of the insurers and to ensure adherence to statutory accounting principles and compliance with state insurance laws and regulations.
Insurance holding company laws enacted in many jurisdictions grant to insurance authorities the power to regulate acquisitions of insurers and certain other transactions and to require periodic disclosure of certain information. These laws impose prior approval requirements for certain transactions between regulated insurers and their affiliates and generally regulate dividend and other distributions, including loans and cash advances, between regulated insurers and their affiliates. See the “Dividends” discussion in Item 5(c) herein for further information on these dividend limitations.
Under state insolvency and guaranty laws, regulated insurers can be assessed or required to contribute to state guaranty funds to cover policyholder losses resulting from the insolvency of other insurers. Insurers are also required by many states, as a condition of doing business in the state, to provide coverage to certain risks which are not insurable in the voluntary market. These “assigned risk” plans generally specify the types of insurance and the level of coverage that must be offered to such involuntary risks, as well as the allowable premium. Many states also have involuntary market plans which hire a limited number of servicing carriers to provide insurance to involuntary risks. These plans, through assessments, pass underwriting and administrative expenses on to insurers that write voluntary coverages in those states.
Insurance companies are generally required by insurance regulators to maintain sufficient surplus to support their writings. Although the ratio of writings to surplus that the regulators will allow is a function of a number of factors (including applicable law, the type of business being written, the adequacy of the insurer’s reserves, and the quality of the insurer’s assets), the annual net premiums that an insurer may write have historically been perceived to be limited to a specified multiple of the insurer’s total policyholders’ surplus, generally 3 to 1. Thus, the amount of an insurer’s surplus, in certain cases, may limit its ability to grow its business. At year-end 2008, the combined premiums to surplus ratio for all Progressive insurance companies was 3.0 to 1; in addition, we have access to $1.0 billion in a non-insurance subsidiary, portions of which could be contributed to the capital of our insurance subsidiaries to support growth as needed. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) also has developed a risk-based capital (RBC) program to enable regulators to take appropriate and timely regulatory actions relating to insurers that show signs of weak or deteriorating financial condition. RBC is a series of dynamic surplus-related formulas that contain a variety of factors that are applied to financial balances based on the degree of certain risks, such as asset, credit, and underwriting risks. Progressive’s RBC ratios are well in excess of minimum requirements.
Many states have laws and regulations that limit an insurer’s ability to exit a market. For example, certain states limit an automobile insurer’s ability to cancel or non-renew policies. Certain states also prohibit an insurer from withdrawing one or more lines of business from the state, except pursuant to a plan that is approved by the state insurance department. The state insurance department may disapprove a plan that may lead to market disruption. Laws and regulations that limit the cancellation or non-renewal of policies, or that subject program withdrawals to prior approval requirements, may restrict an insurer’s ability to exit unprofitable markets or businesses.
Regulation of insurance constantly changes as real or perceived issues and developments arise. Some changes may be due to economic developments, such as changes in investment laws made to recognize new investment products; other changes result from such general pressures as consumer resistance to price increases and concerns relating to insurer rating and underwriting practices and solvency. In recent years, legislation, regulatory measures, and voter initiatives have been introduced, and in some cases adopted, which deal with use of non-public consumer information, use of financial responsibility, and credit information in underwriting, insurance rate development, rate of return limitations, rate determination, and the ability of insurers to cancel or non-renew insurance policies, reflecting concerns about consumer privacy, coverage, availability, prices, and alleged discriminatory pricing. In addition, from time to time, the United States Congress and certain federal agencies investigate the current condition of the insurance industry to determine whether federal regulation is necessary.
In a number of states, Progressive’s insurance subsidiaries use financial responsibility or credit information (credit) as part of the underwriting or rating process. This practice is expressly authorized by the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act, and our information demonstrates that credit is an effective predictor of insurance risk. The use of credit in underwriting and rating is the subject of significant regulatory and legislative activity. Regulators and legislators have expressed a number of concerns related to the use of credit, including: questions regarding the accuracy of credit reports, perceptions that credit may have a disparate effect on the poor and certain minority groups, the perceived lack of a demonstrated causal relationship between credit and insurance risk, the treatment of persons with limited or no credit, the impact on credit of extraordinary life events (e.g., catastrophic injury or death of a spouse), and the credit attributes applied in the credit scoring models used by insurers. A number of state insurance departments have issued bulletins, directives, or regulations to regulate the use of credit by insurers. In addition, a number of states are considering or have passed legislation to regulate insurers’ use of credit. Also, at the direction of Congress, the Federal Trade Commission studied the effects of the use of credit information on the availability and affordability of insurance and the extent to which credit information impacted the availability and affordability of insurance by geography, income, ethnicity, and race. As a result of this study, it is possible that Congress or one or more states may enact further legislation affecting the use of credit in underwriting and rating.
Statutory Accounting Principles
Our results are reported in accordance with GAAP, which differ in certain respects from amounts reported under statutory accounting principles (SAP) prescribed by insurance regulatory authorities. Certain significant differences are described below:
Category
GAAP Accounting
SAP Accounting
Acquisition Expenses
Commissions, premium taxes, and other variable costs incurred in connection with writing new and renewal business are capitalized and amortized pro rata over the policy term as premiums are earned.
Commissions, premium taxes, and all other acquisition expenses are expensed as incurred.
Non-admitted Assets
Premium receivables are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts.
Premium receivables over 90 days past due are “non-admitted,” which means they are excluded from surplus. For premium receivables less than 90 days past due, we also estimate a bad debt reserve.
Furniture, equipment, application software, leasehold improvements, and prepaid expenses are capitalized and amortized over their useful lives or periods benefited.
Excluding computer equipment and operating software, the value of all other furniture, equipment, application software, leasehold improvements, and prepaid expenses, net of accumulated depreciation or amortization, is non-admitted against surplus. Computer equipment and operating software are capitalized, subject to statutory limitations based on surplus, and depreciated over three years.
Deferred tax assets are recorded based on estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences. A valuation allowance would be recorded for any tax benefits that are not expected to be realized.
Deferred tax assets that do not meet certain statutory requirements for recognition are non-admitted against surplus.
Reinsurance
Ceded reinsurance balances are shown as an asset on the balance sheet as “prepaid reinsurance premiums” and “reinsurance recoverables.”
Ceded unearned premiums are netted against the “unearned premiums” liability. Ceded unpaid loss and loss adjustment expense (LAE) amounts are netted against “loss and LAE reserves.” Only ceded paid loss and LAE are shown as a “reinsurance recoverables” asset.
Investment Valuation
Fixed-maturity securities, which are classified as available-for-sale, are reported at current fair values.
Fixed-maturity securities are reported at amortized cost or the lower of amortized cost or fair value, depending on the class of security.
Preferred stocks, both redeemable and nonredeemable, are reported at quoted fair values.
Redeemable preferred stocks are reported at amortized cost or the lower of amortized cost or fair value, depending on the class of security. Nonredeemable preferred stocks are reported at quoted fair value.
Federal Income Taxes
Federal tax expense and tax liability or recoverable balances include current and deferred income taxes.
For income statement reporting, federal tax expense only includes the current tax provision. Deferred taxes are posted to surplus. SAP deferred tax assets are subject to certain limitations on admissibility.
Investments
Our approach to investment and capital management seeks to ensure that we have sufficient capital to support all of the insurance premiums that we can profitably write. Our portfolio is invested primarily in short-term and intermediate-term, investment-grade fixed-income securities. Our investment portfolio had a fair value of $13.0 billion at December 31, 2008, compared to $14.2 billion at December 31, 2007. Investment income (loss) is affected by the variability of cash flows to or from the portfolio, shifts in the type and quality of investments in the portfolio, changes in yield, and other factors. Investment income (loss), including net realized gains (losses) on securities, before expenses and taxes, was $(807.4) million in 2008, compared to $787.1 million in 2007 and $638.1 million in 2006. For more detailed discussion, see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
Employees
The number of employees, excluding temporary employees, at December 31, 2008, was 25,929, all of whom were employed by subsidiaries of The Progressive Corporation.
Liability for Property-Casualty Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
The consolidated financial statements include the estimated liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses (LAE) of Progressive’s insurance subsidiaries. Our objective is to ensure that total reserves (i.e., case reserves and incurred but not recorded reserves, or “IBNR”) are adequate to cover all loss costs, while sustaining minimal variation from the time reserves are initially established until losses are fully developed. The liabilities for losses and LAE are determined using actuarial and statistical procedures and represent undiscounted estimates of the ultimate net cost of all unpaid losses and LAE incurred through December 31 of each year. These estimates are subject to the effect of future trends on claims settlement, among other factors. These estimates are continually reviewed and adjusted as experience develops and new information becomes known. Adjustments, if any, relating to accidents that occurred in prior years are reflected in the current results of operations and are referred to as “development” of the prior year estimates. A detailed discussion of our loss reserving practices can be found in our “Report on Loss Reserving Practices,” which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Form 8-K on June 30, 2008, as well as in section “V. Critical Accounting Policies” of our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K. The accompanying tables present information concerning our property-casualty losses and LAE.
The following table provides a reconciliation of beginning and ending estimated liability balances for the last three years:
RECONCILIATION OF NET RESERVES FOR LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
Our objective is to establish case and IBNR reserves that are adequate to cover all loss costs, while sustaining minimal variation from the date that the reserves are initially established until losses are fully developed. Our reserves developed unfavorably in both 2008 and 2007, compared to favorable development in 2006. Total development consists of net changes made by our actuarial department on prior accident year reserves, based on regularly scheduled reviews, claims settling for more or less than reserved, emergence of unrecorded claims at rates different than reserved, and changes in reserve estimates by claim representatives. In 2008, an increase in the number of late reported Commercial Auto claims, and an increase in the estimated severity on these claims, was a primary contributor to the unfavorable development. The unfavorable development in 2007 was due to the settlement of some large outstanding litigation, the number of large losses emerging from prior accident years being more than anticipated, plus the result of reviews of large bodily injury and uninsured motorist claims. The favorable development in 2006 reflected the recognition of lower severity for prior accident years than had been previously estimated.
In establishing loss reserves, we take into account projected changes in claim severity caused by anticipated inflation and a number of factors that vary with the individual type of policies written. These severities are projected based on historical trends adjusted for anticipated changes in underwriting standards, inflation, policy provisions, claims resolution practices, and general economic trends. These anticipated trends are reconsidered periodically based on actual development and are modified if necessary.
We have not entered into any loss reserve transfers or similar transactions having a material effect on earnings or reserves.
ANALYSIS OF LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES DEVELOPMENT
(millions)
Represents loss and LAE reserves net of reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses at the balance sheet date.
Cumulative development ÷ liability for unpaid losses and LAE - Net.
The above table presents the development of balance sheet liabilities for losses and LAE from 1998 through 2007. The top line of the table shows the estimated liability for unpaid losses and LAE recorded at the balance sheet date for each of the indicated years for the property-casualty insurance subsidiaries only. This liability represents the estimated amount of losses and LAE for claims that were unpaid at the balance sheet date, including IBNR. The table also presents the re-estimated
liability for unpaid losses and LAE on a gross basis, with separate disclosure of the re-estimated reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses.
The upper section of the table (labeled “Paid (Cumulative) as of:”) shows the cumulative amount paid with respect to the previously recorded liability as of the end of each succeeding year. The lower portion of the table (labeled “Liability Re-estimated as of:”) shows the re-estimated amount of the previously recorded liability based on experience as of the end of each succeeding year. The re-estimated amount is the sum of the paid amounts above and the outstanding reserve for occurrences prior to the reserve date. The estimate is increased or decreased as more information about the claims becomes known for individual years. For example, as of December 31, 2008, our insurance subsidiaries had paid $2.26 billion of the currently estimated $2.29 billion of losses and LAE that had been unpaid at the end of 1999; thus, an estimated $29.6 million of losses incurred through 1999 remain unpaid as of the current financial statement date.
The net cumulative development represents the aggregate change in the ultimate loss estimate over all prior years. For example, the 1998 liability has developed favorably by $18.6 million over ten years. That amount has been reflected in income over the ten years and had the largest impact on the income in calendar year 1999. The effects on income during the past three years due to changes in estimates of the liabilities for losses and LAE are shown in the reconciliation table on page 8 as the “prior years” contribution to incurred losses and LAE.
In evaluating this information, note that each cumulative development amount includes the effects of all changes in amounts during the current year for prior periods. For example, the amount of the development related to losses settled in 2008, but incurred in 2005, will be included in the cumulative development amount for years 2005, 2006, and 2007. Conditions and trends that have affected development of the liability in the past may not necessarily occur in the future. Accordingly, it generally is not appropriate to extrapolate future development based on this table.
From 1998 through 2001, while we experienced an increase in bodily injury severity, our developed reserves were within $100 million each year, or 4%, of our original estimates. The bodily injury severity change was much lower than we expected between 2002 and 2005; thus, the reserve run-off for these years was very favorable following the end of each year, or about 4% to 10% of our original carried amounts. During 2007 and 2008, the 2006 and 2007 year-end reserves experienced unfavorable development as higher than anticipated severity estimates were realized. In 2008, the estimated severity for the two most recent prior accident years (2007 and 2006) both increased less than 1.0% for personal auto and increased 3.9% and 1.0%, respectively, for Commercial Auto. For older accident years, the changes in estimated severity were generally downward.
Although the detail is not presented in the table on page 9, we also re-estimate the reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses each year. The top of the table shows the amount of reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses that we had at the end of the calendar year, while the bottom shows the reserves re-estimated based on development in subsequent years. For example, at December 31, 2007, we estimated our reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses to be $287.5 million. During 2008, these reserves developed unfavorably by $33.8 million, bringing the re-estimated reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses to $321.3 million, as shown at the bottom of the table.
The Analysis of Loss and Loss Adjustment Expenses Development table on page 9 is constructed from Schedule P, Part-1, from the Consolidated Annual Statements of Progressive’s insurance subsidiaries, as filed with the state insurance departments.
(d) Financial Information About Geographic Areas.
Progressive operates throughout the United States.
(e) Available Information.
Our Web site is located at progressive.com. As soon as reasonably practicable, we make all documents that we file with, or furnish to, the SEC, including our reports on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q, and Form 8-K, and any amendments to these reports, available free of charge via our Web site at progressive.com/investors. These reports are also available on the SEC’s Web site: http://www.sec.gov.
ITEM 1A.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Progressive’s business involves various risks and uncertainties, certain of which are discussed in this section. Management divides these risks into three broad categories in assessing how they may affect our ability to achieve our business objectives:
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Operating Risks are those stemming from external or internal events or circumstances that directly or indirectly may affect our insurance operations.
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Investing Risks are uncertainties relating to the performance and preservation of our investment portfolios.
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Financing Risks generally relate to our ability to obtain capital, when necessary, to pay or otherwise perform our obligations, including obligations under any debt instruments issued, and to earn the cost of equity capital.
Although we have organized risks generally according to these categories in the discussion below, it should be noted that many of the risks may have ramifications in more than one category. For example, although presented as an Operating Risk below, state regulation of insurance companies may also affect our investing and financing activities. Similarly, while setting insurance rates, establishing loss reserves and adjusting claims are properly discussed as Operating Risks, errors in these disciplines may have an impact on the investing and financing areas as well. The categories, therefore, should be viewed as a starting point for understanding the significant risks facing us and not as a limitation on the potential impact of the matters being discussed.
This information should be considered carefully together with the other information contained in this report and in the other reports and materials filed by us with the SEC, as well as news releases and other information publicly disseminated by us from time to time.
It should be noted that our business and that of other insurers may be adversely affected by a downturn in general economic conditions and other forces beyond our control. Issues such as unemployment rates, sales of new vehicles, inflation or deflation, stock market valuations, interest rates, consumer confidence and construction spending, among a host of other factors, will have a bearing on the amount of insurance that is purchased by consumers and small businesses. In addition, other risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business. If any such risks or uncertainties, or any of the following risks or uncertainties, develop into actual events, we could experience a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. In that case, the market price of our common shares could decline materially.
I. Operating Risks
We compete in the automobile insurance and other property-casualty markets, which are highly competitive.
We face vigorous competition from large, well-capitalized national companies and smaller regional insurers. Other large national and international insurance or financial services companies also may enter these markets in the future. Many of these companies have substantial resources, experienced management and sophisticated marketing, underwriting and pricing strategies. Our business focuses on insurance for personal automobiles and recreation vehicles and on commercial auto policies for small businesses. Competitors may offer consumers combinations of auto policies and other insurance products or financial services that we do not offer. We could be adversely affected by the failure to generate new business, or to retain a sufficient percentage of our current customers, as a result of competitors offering similar insurance products at lower prices or offering bundled products or services and by other competitor initiatives. The automobile insurance industry is a relatively mature industry, in which brand recognition, operational effectiveness (including, for example, rate and claim-paying accuracy, customer experience, and application of information technology), pricing, and cost control are major competitive factors.
Historically, the auto insurance industry has been known as a cyclical industry, which has been defined by periods of relatively strong profitability being followed by increased pricing competition among insurers. This price competition, which is sometimes referred to as a “soft market,” can adversely affect revenue and profitability levels. Unexpected increases in the insurers’ underlying costs (such as vehicle repair costs, medical costs and the expenses to resolve claims) can further decrease profits or result in underwriting losses. As the insurers recognize this situation (which can occur at different times for different companies), the historical reaction has been for insurers to raise their rates (sometimes referred to as a “hard market”) in an attempt to restore profit to acceptable levels. As more insurers react in this way, profit levels in the industry may increase to a point where some insurers begin to lower their rates, starting the cycle over again. In the past, this cycle has generally played out over a number of years. We cannot determine whether such cyclicality is currently impacting the auto insurance market, nor can we predict whether it will do so in the future.
From time to time, we undertake strategic initiatives to maintain and improve our competitive position in auto insurance markets. Based on a culture that encourages innovation, these strategies at times involve significant departures from our, and/or our competitors’, then-current or historical modes of doing business, and these changes must be instituted in the context of a complicated regulatory environment. As such, our innovations may entail a degree of complexity and risk that
makes their implementation a challenge, and our efforts may not ultimately achieve anticipated business goals. In addition, these initiatives may disrupt our relationships with certain of our customers and producers (i.e., agents and brokers). Our ability to develop and implement such strategic initiatives that are accepted and valued by our customers and create a sustainable advantage is critical, however, to maintaining or enhancing our competitive position; if we fail to do so, our business could be materially adversely affected.
At the same time, innovations by competitors or other market participants may increase the level of competition in the industry. This can include product, pricing or marketing innovations, new or improved services, technology advances, or new modes of doing business that enhance the customer’s ability to shop and compare prices from multiple companies, among other initiatives. Our ability to react to such advances and then navigate the new competitive environment is also important to our success.
We undertake distinctive advertising campaigns, and other efforts to improve brand recognition, generate new business and increase the retention of our current customers. If these campaigns or efforts are unsuccessful or are less effective than those of competitors, our business could be materially adversely affected. We believe that improving the effectiveness of our advertising campaigns relative to those of our competitors is particularly important given the continuing high level of advertising and marketing efforts within the automobile insurance market.
The highly competitive nature of the markets in which we compete could also result in the failure of one or more major competitors. In the event of a failure of a major insurer, we could be adversely affected, as our company and other insurance companies may be required under state-mandated plans to absorb the losses of the failed insurer, and we could be faced with an unexpected surge in new business from the failed insurer’s former policyholders.
Our ability to attract, develop and retain talented employees, managers and executives, and to maintain appropriate staffing levels, is critical to our success.
Our success depends on our ability to attract, develop and retain talented employees, including executives and other key managers. Our loss of certain key officers and employees, or the failure to attract and develop talented new executives and managers with a variety of backgrounds and experiences, could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
In addition, we must forecast volume and other factors in changing business environments (for multiple business units and in many geographic markets) with reasonable accuracy and adjust our hiring programs and employment levels accordingly. Our failure to recognize the need for such adjustments, or our failure or inability to react appropriately on a timely basis, could lead either to over-staffing (which would adversely affect our cost structure) or under-staffing (impairing our ability to service our ongoing and new business) in one or more business units or locations. In either such event, our financial results and customer relationships could be materially adversely affected.
We further believe that our success depends, in large part, on our ability to maintain and improve the staffing models and employee culture that we have developed over the years. Our ability to do so may be impaired as a result of litigation against us, other judicial decisions, legislation or regulations at the state or federal level or other factors in the employment marketplace. In such events, the productivity of certain of our workers and the efficiency of our operations could be adversely affected, which could lead to an erosion of our operating performance and margins.
The Progressive Corporation and its insurance subsidiaries are subject to a variety of complex federal and state laws and regulations.
Progressive’s insurance businesses operate in a highly regulated environment. Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation and supervision by state insurance departments in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, each of which has a unique and complex set of laws and regulations. In addition, certain federal laws impose additional requirements on businesses, including insurers. Our insurance subsidiaries’ ability to comply with these laws and regulations at reasonable costs, and to obtain necessary regulatory action in a timely manner, is and will continue to be critical to our success.
Certain states impose restrictions on, or require prior regulatory approval of, various actions by regulated insurers, which may adversely affect our insurance subsidiaries’ ability to operate, innovate and obtain necessary rate adjustments in a timely manner. Our compliance efforts are further complicated by changes in laws or regulations applicable to insurance companies, such as, in recent years, legislative and regulatory initiatives concerning the use of nonpublic consumer information and related privacy issues, the use of credit scoring in underwriting and efforts to freeze, set or roll back insurance premium rates or limit the rate of return that an insurance company may earn. Insurance laws and regulations may limit our insurance subsidiaries’ ability to underwrite and price risks accurately, prevent our subsidiaries from obtaining timely rate changes to recognize increased or decreased costs, restrict our subsidiaries’ ability to discontinue unprofitable businesses or exit unprofitable markets, prevent insurers from terminating policies under certain circumstances or prescribe the form and content of certain disclosures and notices to policyholders. In addition, laws in certain states mandate that insurance companies pay assessments arising in a number of circumstances, including to pay claims upon the insolvency of
other insurance companies or to cover losses in state-provided insurance programs for high risk auto and homeowners coverages. Compliance with insurance-related laws and regulations often results in increased costs, which can be substantial, to our insurance subsidiaries. These costs, in turn, may adversely affect our profitability or our ability or desire to grow our business in the applicable jurisdictions.
In addition, the innovative strategies that we pursue in our efforts to compete may deviate from standard practices in the industry. These innovations often involve significant complexity and, as a result, can be a challenge to implement, requiring us to effectively deploy our management and other resources. This may create the potential for errors or inaccuracies in our implementation of the strategy. If we are alleged to have damaged or otherwise disadvantaged consumers, competitors or other industry participants as a result, we could be subject to regulatory or other official investigations and sanctions, as well as litigation from third parties.
The failure to comply with this complex variety of laws and regulations, or the alleged failure to so comply, by us or other companies in the insurance, financial services or related industries, also could result in actions or investigations by regulators, state attorneys general or other law enforcement officials. Such actions and investigations, and any determination that we have not complied with an applicable law or regulation, could potentially lead to fines and penalties, adverse publicity and damage to our reputation in the marketplace, and in extreme cases, revocation of a subsidiary’s authority to do business in one or more jurisdictions. In addition, The Progressive Corporation and its subsidiaries could face individual and class action lawsuits by its insureds and other parties for alleged violations of certain of these laws or regulations.
New legislation or regulations may be adopted in the future which could adversely affect our operations or ability to write business profitably in one or more states. In addition, from time to time, the United States Congress and certain federal agencies investigate the current condition of the insurance industry to determine whether federal regulation is necessary. We are unable to predict whether any such laws will be enacted and how and to what extent such laws and regulations would affect our businesses.
State insurance regulation may create risks and uncertainties for Progressive’s insurance subsidiaries in other ways as well. For further information on these risks and uncertainties, see the “Insurance Regulation” discussion beginning on page 5 of this report.
Lawsuits challenging our business practices, and those of our competitors and other companies, are pending and more may be filed in the future.
The Progressive Corporation and/or its subsidiaries are named as defendants in putative class action and other lawsuits challenging various aspects of the subsidiaries’ business operations. Other such litigation may arise in the future concerning similar or other business practices. These lawsuits include cases alleging damages as a result of our subsidiaries’ total loss evaluation methodology; use of credit in underwriting and related requirements under the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act; methods used for evaluating and paying certain bodily injury, personal injury protection and medical payment claims; other claims handling procedures; interpretations of the provisions of our insurance policies; and policy implementation and renewal procedures, among other matters. From time to time, we also may be involved in litigation or other disputes alleging that our subsidiaries’ business practices or systems violate the patent, trademark or other intellectual property rights of third parties. Additional litigation may be filed against us concerning our employment-related practices, allegations of medical and attorney malpractice and other general liability causes of action arising from our operations. In addition, lawsuits have been filed, and other lawsuits may be filed in the future, against our competitors and other businesses, and although we are not a party to such litigation, the results of those cases may create additional risks for, and/or impose additional costs and/or limitations on, our subsidiaries’ business operations.
Lawsuits against us often seek significant monetary damages. Moreover, as courts resolve individual or class action litigation in insurance or related fields, a new layer of court-imposed regulation could emerge, resulting in material increases in our costs of doing business.
Litigation is inherently unpredictable. Except to the extent we have established reserves with respect to particular lawsuits that are currently pending against us, we are unable to predict the effect, if any, that these pending or any future lawsuits may have on our business, operations, profitability or financial condition. For further information on pending litigation, see Note 12-Litigation in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
Our success depends on our ability to underwrite risks accurately and to charge adequate rates to policyholders.
Our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations depend on our ability to underwrite and set rates accurately for a full spectrum of risks. The role of the pricing function is to ensure that rates are adequate to generate sufficient premium to pay losses, loss adjustment expenses, underwriting expenses and to earn a profit.
Pricing involves the acquisition and analysis of historical accident and loss data, and the projection of future accident trends, loss costs and expenses, for each of our products in multiple risk tiers and many different markets. As a result, our ability to price accurately is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation:
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the availability of sufficient reliable data,
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uncertainties inherent in estimates and assumptions, generally,
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our ability to conduct a complete and accurate analysis of available data,
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our ability to timely recognize changes in trend and to predict both the severity and frequency of future losses with reasonable accuracy,
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our ability to predict changes in certain operating expenses with reasonable accuracy,
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the development, selection and application of appropriate rating formulae or other pricing methodologies,
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our ability to innovate with new pricing strategies, and the success of those innovations,
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our ability to predict policyholder retention accurately,
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unanticipated court decisions, legislation or regulatory action,
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ongoing changes in our claim settlement practices,
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changing driving patterns,
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unexpected changes in the medical sector of the economy, including medical costs, and
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unanticipated changes in auto repair costs, auto parts prices and used car prices.
The realization of one or more of such risks may result in our pricing being based on inadequate or inaccurate data or inappropriate analyses, assumptions or methodologies, and may cause us to estimate incorrectly future changes in the frequency or severity of claims. As a result, we could underprice risks, which would negatively affect our underwriting profit margins, or we could overprice risks, which could reduce our volume and competitiveness. In either event, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. In addition, underpricing insurance policies over time could erode the capital position of one or more of our insurance subsidiaries, constraining our ability to write new business.
Our success depends on our ability to establish accurate loss reserves and to adjust claims accurately.
Our financial statements include loss reserves, which represent our best estimate of the amounts that the subsidiaries ultimately will pay on claims that have been incurred, and the related costs of adjusting those claims, as of the date of the financial statements. There is inherent uncertainty in the process of establishing property and casualty loss reserves, which can arise from a number of factors, including:
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the availability of sufficient reliable data,
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the difficulty in predicting the rate and direction of changes in frequency and severity trends in multiple markets,
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unexpected changes in medical and auto repair costs,
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unanticipated changes in governing statutes and regulations,
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new or changing interpretations of insurance policy provisions by courts,
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inconsistent decisions in lawsuits regarding coverage and changing theories of liability,
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ongoing changes in our claim settlement practices,
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the accuracy of our estimates of the frequency or severity of claims that have been incurred but not reported as of the date of the financial statements,
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the accuracy and adequacy of actuarial techniques and databases used in estimating loss reserves, and
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the accuracy of estimates of total loss and loss adjustment expenses as determined by our employees for different categories of claims.
As a result of these and other risks and uncertainties, the ultimate paid losses and loss adjustment expenses may deviate, perhaps substantially, from point-in-time estimates of such losses and expenses, as reflected in the loss reserves included in our financial statements. Consequently, ultimate losses paid could materially exceed loss reserves and have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial position. Further information on our loss reserves can be found in the “Liability for Property-Casualty Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses” discussion beginning on page 8 of this report, as well as our “Report on Loss Reserving Practices,” which was filed with the SEC on Form 8-K on June 30, 2008.
Likewise, we must accurately evaluate and pay claims that are made under our policies. Many factors can affect our ability to pay claims accurately, including the training, experience and skill of our claims representatives, the extent of and our ability to recognize fraudulent claims, the claims organization’s culture and the effectiveness of our management, our ability to develop or select and implement appropriate procedures, technologies and systems to support our claims functions and the success of our concierge-level claims services program. Our failure to pay claims fairly and accurately could result in unanticipated costs to us, lead to material litigation, undermine customer goodwill and our reputation in the marketplace and impair our brand image and, as a result, materially adversely affect our financial results, prospects and liquidity.
Our financial performance may be materially adversely affected by severe weather conditions or other catastrophic losses.
Catastrophes can be caused by natural events, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, windstorms, earthquakes, hailstorms, severe winter weather and fires, or other events, such as explosions, terrorist attacks, riots, hazardous material releases, medical epidemics, utility outages or interruptions of communications facilities. The extent of insured losses from a catastrophe is a function of both our total net insured exposure in the area affected by the event and the nature and severity of the event. In addition, our business could be further impaired if a significant portion of our business or systems were shut down by, or if we were unable to gain access to certain of our facilities as a result of, such an event. Most of our past catastrophe-related claims have resulted from severe storms. The incidence and severity of catastrophes are inherently unpredictable. When they occur with enough severity, our financial performance, cash flows and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Our business depends on the uninterrupted operation of our facilities, systems and business functions, including our information technology and other business systems.
Our business is highly dependent upon our employees’ ability to perform, in an efficient and uninterrupted fashion, necessary business functions (such as Internet support and 24-hour call centers), processing new and renewal business, and processing and paying claims and other obligations. A shut-down of, or inability to access, one or more of our facilities, a power outage, or a failure of one or more of our information technology, telecommunications or other systems for any reason, including failures that might occur as existing systems are replaced or upgraded, could significantly impair our ability to perform such functions on a timely basis. In addition, because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface with and depend on third-party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such service exceeds capacity or a third-party system fails or experiences an interruption. If sustained or repeated, such a business interruption, system failure or service denial could result in a deterioration of our ability to write and process new and renewal business, provide customer service, pay claims in a timely manner or perform other necessary business functions. This could result in a materially adverse effect on our business results, prospects, and liquidity, as well as damage to customer goodwill.
Our business is highly dependent on access to, and the performance of, the financial markets to provide us with the ability to liquidate securities and transfer or receive funds on a timely basis. Disruptions in financial markets, or an interruption or breakdown in the federal wire transfer systems, could limit our ability to meet payment obligations. A mismatch or timing difference between our cash inflows and our cash needs, or the inability to convert investment securities into cash when needed, could also adversely affect our ability to make timely payments.
A security breach of our computer systems or other operations could also interrupt or damage our operations; infect, corrupt or destroy data or systems; subject us to liability if confidential customer information is misappropriated; and significantly damage our reputation. Despite the implementation of security measures, including hiring an independent firm to perform intrusion vulnerability testing of our computer systems, these systems may be vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, programming errors, attacks by third parties or similar disruptive problems. Any compromise of security could deter people from entering into transactions that involve transmitting confidential information to our systems, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We rely heavily on credit card acceptance for premium payment and settlement of claims deductibles. Data security standards for merchants and service providers that accept credit card payments are prescribed by the PCI Security Standards Council (PCI), an independent body formed by an association of the major credit card vendors. These standards are intended to promote a common set of data security measures to help ensure the safe handling of sensitive information by companies accepting credit card payments. In September 2008, an independent organization recognized by PCI for such purposes certified Progressive as being in compliance with the current PCI standards. The PCI data security standards, however, will likely evolve over time to address emerging payment security risks and other issues, requiring additional compliance efforts by us and recertification of our processes. Our intention is to maintain compliance with PCI’s data security standards. The failure to do so could result in contractual fines or disruption of our ability to receive credit card payments.
II. Investing Risks
The performance of our fixed-income and equity investment portfolios is subject to a variety of investment risks.
Our investment portfolio is comprised principally of fixed-income securities and common equities. Our fixed-income portfolio is actively managed by our investment group and includes short-term investments, fixed-maturity securities and preferred stocks. The performance of the fixed-income portfolio is subject to a number of risks, including:
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Interest rate risk - the risk of adverse changes in the value of fixed-income securities as a result of increases in the market interest rates.
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Credit risk - the risk that the value of certain investments may become impaired due to the deterioration in financial condition of, or the liquidity available to, one or more issuers of those instruments or, in the case of asset-backed
securities, due to the deterioration of the loans or other assets that underlie the securities, which, in each case, also includes the risk of permanent loss.
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Concentration risk - the risk that the portfolio may be too heavily concentrated in the securities of one or more issuers, sectors or industries, which could result in a significant decrease in the value of the portfolio in the event of a deterioration of the financial condition, performance or outlook of those issuers, sectors or industries.
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Prepayment or extension risk (applicable to certain securities in the portfolio, such as residential mortgage-backed securities) - the risk that, as interest rates change, the principal of such securities may be repaid earlier than anticipated, or that a security may not be redeemed when anticipated, adversely affecting the value of or income from such securities and the portfolio.
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Liquidity risk - the risk that we will not be able to convert investment securities into cash on favorable terms and on short notice, or that we will not be able to sell them at all, when we desire to do so. Disruptions in the financial markets, or a lack of buyers for the specific securities that we are trying to sell, could prevent us from liquidating securities or cause a reduction in prices to levels that are not acceptable to us.
In addition, the success of our investment strategies and asset allocations in the fixed-income portfolio may vary depending on the market environment. The fixed-income portfolio’s performance also may be adversely impacted if there is a lack of transparency regarding the businesses of issuers of securities that we purchase, if credit ratings assigned to such securities by nationally recognized credit rating agencies are based on incomplete information or prove unwarranted, or if our risk mitigation strategies are ineffective for the applicable market conditions, among other factors.
The common equity portfolio, which is managed by a third party to track the Russell 1000 index, is subject to general movements in the values of equity markets and to the changes in the prices of the securities we hold. An investment that is designed to track an index such as the Russell 1000 does not reduce the risks inherent in equity investing and is not necessarily less risky than other equity investment strategies. Equity markets, sectors, industries, and individual securities may be subject to periods of high volatility and may be subject to some of the same risks that affect our fixed-income portfolio, discussed above. For example, a rapid rise in interest rates may cause equity prices to fall, particularly those of interest-sensitive companies. In addition, even though the Russell 1000 index is broadly diversified, significant portions of the index may be concentrated in one or more sectors, such as the financial services industry, which may adversely affect the performance of our common equity portfolio when such a sector underperforms. A decline in the aggregate value of the equities that make up the index would be expected to result in a commensurate decline in the value of our common equity portfolio.
Both the fixed-income and the common equity portfolios are also subject to risks inherent in the nation’s and world’s capital markets. The functioning of those markets, the values of the investments we hold and our ability to liquidate them may be adversely affected if those markets are disrupted or otherwise affected by significant negative factors, including, without limitation:
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local, national or international events, such as power outages, system failures, wars or terrorist attacks;
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a recession, depression or other adverse developments in either the U.S. or other economies that adversely affects the value of corporate, municipal and asset-backed securities held in our portfolio;
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financial weakness or failure of one or more financial institutions that play a prominent role in securities markets or act as a counterparty for various financial instruments, such as derivative transactions, which could further disrupt the markets or cause us to incur losses if counterparties to one or more of our transactions should default;
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inactive markets for specific kinds of securities, or for the securities of certain issuers or in certain sectors, which could result in decreased valuations and impact our ability to sell a specific security or a group of securities at a reasonable price when desired;
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the failure, or perceived failure, of governmental attempts to stabilize specific companies or groups of companies through capital injections, to shore up markets or otherwise to spur economic recovery or growth, or the government fails or refuses to engage in such efforts;
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a significant change in inflation expectations, or the onset of deflation or stagflation; and
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a significant devaluation of governmental or private sector credit, currencies or financial markets, or other factors or events.
If the fixed-income or equity portfolios, or both, were to be impaired by market, sector or issuer-specific conditions to a substantial degree, our liquidity, financial position and financial results could be materially adversely affected. Under these circumstances, our income from these investments could be materially reduced, and declines in the value of certain securities could further reduce our reported earnings and capital levels. A decrease in value of an insurance company’s investment portfolio could also put the subsidiary at risk of failing to satisfy regulatory minimum capital requirements. If we, at that time, are unable to supplement the subsidiary’s capital from The Progressive Corporation’s other assets or by issuing debt or equity securities on acceptable terms, our business could be materially adversely affected.
See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K, for additional discussion of the composition of our investment portfolio as of December 31, 2008 and on the market risk associated with our investment portfolio.
III. Financing Risks
Our insurance subsidiaries may be limited in the amount of dividends that they can pay to the holding company, which in turn may limit the holding company’s ability to pay dividends to shareholders, repay indebtedness or make capital contributions to its other subsidiaries or affiliate.
The Progressive Corporation is a holding company with no business operations of its own. Consequently, if its subsidiaries are unable to pay dividends or make other distributions to The Progressive Corporation, or are able to pay only limited amounts, Progressive may be unable to pay dividends to shareholders, make payments on its indebtedness, meet its other obligations, repurchase its common shares, or make capital contributions to or otherwise fund its subsidiaries or affiliate. Each insurance subsidiary’s ability to pay dividends to the holding company may be limited by one or more of the following factors:
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State insurance regulatory authorities require insurance companies to maintain specified minimum levels of statutory capital and surplus.
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State regulations restrict the amounts available for distribution based on either net income or surplus of the insurance company.
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Competitive pressures require our insurance subsidiaries to maintain financial strength ratings.
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In certain jurisdictions, prior approval must be obtained from state regulatory authorities for the insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to affiliated entities, including the holding company.
Further information on state insurance laws and regulations which may limit the ability of our insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends can be found in Item 5(c), “Dividends,” herein.
The Progressive Corporation’s annual dividend policy will result in a variable payment to shareholders each year, or no payment in some years, and the dividend program ultimately may be changed.
We have previously announced our intention to pay a dividend to shareholders on an annual basis under a formula that multiplies our annual after-tax underwriting income by a percentage factor set by the Board of Directors (20% for each of 2008 and 2009) and then by the Gainshare factor (determined under our employee Gainsharing (cash bonus) plans based on the operating performance of our principal insurance businesses). To the extent our after-tax comprehensive income, which includes net investment income, realized investment gains and losses and the change in unrealized investment gains and losses, is less than after-tax underwriting income, no dividend will be payable. For 2008, this calculation resulted in no dividend being paid to shareholders.
Because the dividend calculation is performance-based, the amount (if any) to be paid in any particular year may not be subject to accurate prediction and will likely vary, perhaps significantly, from the amounts paid in the preceding year(s). As a result, the amount paid may be inconsistent with some shareholders’ expectations. In addition, although we have announced our intent to repeat the annual dividend in 2009 (to be paid early in 2010), the dividend, if any, would not be declared by the Board until December 2009, and the Board could decide to alter our policy or not to pay the annual dividend for 2009 or future years. Such an action by the Board could result from, among other reasons, changes in the insurance marketplace, changes in our performance or capital needs, changes in federal income tax laws, or disruptions of national or international capital markets or other events affecting our liquidity or financial position as described above under “Investing Risks.” Any such change could adversely affect investors’ perceptions of the company and the value of, or the total return of an investment in, our stock.
Our financial condition may be adversely affected if one or more parties with which we enter into significant contracts becomes insolvent, experiences other financial hardship or defaults in the performance of contractual obligations.
Our business is dependent on the performance by third parties of their responsibilities under various contractual relationships. These include, for example, contracts for the acquisitions of goods and services (such as telecommunications and information technology equipment and support, and other services that are integral to our operations), private labeling arrangements and arrangements for transferring certain of our risks (including reinsurance used by us in connection with certain of our insurance products and our corporate insurance policies). In addition, from time to time, we enter into significant financial instruments, such as derivative transactions, with major banks or other financial institutions. If one or more of these parties were to default on the performance of their obligations under their respective contracts or determine to abandon or terminate support for a system, product or service that is significant to our business, we could suffer significant financial losses, operational problems and brand risk, which could in turn adversely affect our financial performance, cash flows or results of operations and cause damage to our reputation.
If we fail to maintain sufficient capital to support our business, our financial condition and our ability to grow could be adversely affected.
We intend to maintain capital levels as necessary to pay all claims and other business expenses, to support the growth of our insurance businesses, and to provide for additional protection against possible large, unexpected losses. The appropriate level of capital at any time is estimated by management based, in part, on current and anticipated business results and growth prospects, and projections of the levels of capital needed to protect us against unexpected events within a confidence level prescribed by management. The amount of capital that we seek to maintain is driven by our assessment of potential exposures and correlations to our underwriting, investing and operating risks, including those discussed in these Risk Factors. The estimates for unexpected events are internally produced and are the result of extensive analysis and modeling of the types of risks that we are likely to face. While our techniques for estimating our capital needs are continually enhanced, our ability to predict accurately the nature, size and scope of unexpected events is inherently uncertain.
The amount of capital that we hold at any given time is determined by the performance of our insurance operations and investing results (including investment income, valuation changes in our portfolio, and the realization of any deferred tax benefits), as well as by our capital management activities, such as the payment of cash dividends, repurchases of our common shares, the establishment of credit lines and the issuance by us of debt, equity or other securities. If we experience losses in our insurance operations or from our investment portfolio, our capital levels may be reduced, perhaps significantly. If our capital level turns out to be lower than the amount needed at a given time, our financial condition could be materially adversely affected and our ability to grow the insurance business could be constrained until additional sources of capital are found. Such a deterioration of our financial condition could adversely affect the perception of our company by third parties (such as rating agencies, underwriters, and institutional and other investors), and as a result, our ability to gain access to debt or equity markets at favorable rates could be adversely impacted, and the price of our common shares could fall significantly.
In addition, the recoverability of our deferred tax assets is predicated on the market valuation of our invested assets and certain tax planning strategies that in part depend on substantial recovery to original cost for our fixed-income securities and redeemable preferred stocks. Should fair values of such securities decline or not substantially recover in value, a valuation allowance against the related deferred tax assets may become necessary, which would reduce our capital levels.
Our access to capital markets, our ability to enter into new financing arrangements, obligations to post collateral under certain derivative contracts, and our business operations are dependent on favorable evaluations and ratings by credit and other rating agencies.
Our credit and financial strength is evaluated and rated by various rating agencies, such as Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s Investors Service and A.M. Best. Progressive and its insurance subsidiaries currently enjoy favorable, stable ratings. Downgrades in our credit ratings could adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets and/or lead to increased borrowing costs in the future (although the interest rates we pay on our current indebtedness would not be affected). Perceptions of our company by investors, producers, other businesses and consumers could also be significantly impaired. In addition, a downgrade could trigger contractual obligations in certain derivative transactions requiring us to post collateral in amounts then owed to the other party in cash or high grade assets. Downgrades in the ratings of our insurance subsidiaries could likewise negatively impact our operations, potentially resulting in lower or negative premium growth. In any such event, our financial performance could be materially adversely affected.
We do not manage to short-term earnings expectations; our goal is to maximize the long-term value of the enterprise, which at times may adversely affect short-term results.
We believe that shareholder value will be increased in the long run if we meet or exceed the financial goals and policies that we establish each year. We do not manage our business to maximize short-term stock performance or the amount of the dividend that may be paid under our annual variable dividend policy or otherwise. We also do not provide earnings estimates to the market and do not comment on earnings estimates by analysts. As a result, our reported results for a particular period may vary, perhaps significantly, from investors’ expectations, which could result in significant volatility in our stock price.
In addition, due to our focus on the long-term value of the enterprise, we may undertake business strategies and establish related financial goals for a specific year that are designed to enhance our longer-term position, while understanding that such strategies may not always similarly benefit short-term performance, such as our annual underwriting profit or earnings per share. Such strategies, for example, may involve a reduction in premiums for certain products or customers to support growth or enhance retention of current customers. Consequently, these strategies may adversely affect short-term performance and may result in additional volatility in our stock price.
ITEM 1B.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
We currently do not have any unresolved comments from the SEC staff.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
All of our properties are owned or leased by subsidiaries of The Progressive Corporation. Progressive’s corporate headquarters is located on a 42-acre parcel in Mayfield Village, Ohio. We also have a 72-acre corporate office complex near the headquarters. Buildings on these two sites contain approximately 1.6 million square feet of office space.
We also own: seven other buildings in Cleveland, Ohio suburbs near the corporate office complexes; four buildings in Tampa, Florida; five buildings in Colorado Springs, Colorado; and a building in each of the following cities: Albany, New York; Ft. Lauderdale, Florida; Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania; Tempe, Arizona; and Tigard, Oregon. Two of these buildings are partially leased to non-affiliates. In total, these buildings contain approximately 2.0 million square feet of office, warehouse, and training facility space. These facilities are occupied by our business units or other supporting operations and are not segregated by industry segment. We also own 57 acres of vacant land in Mayfield Village and 15 acres in Colorado Springs near our corporate facilities.
We own 40 buildings and lease another 13 to provide concierge-level claims service at various locations throughout the United States. In addition, our facility in Tempe, Arizona is also partially used as a claims service center. In total, these additional buildings contain approximately .8 million square feet.
We lease approximately 1.2 million square feet of office and warehouse space at various locations throughout the United States for our business units and corporate functions. In addition, we lease approximately 460 claims offices, consisting of approximately 3.3 million square feet, at various locations throughout the United States. These leases are generally short-term to medium-term leases of standard commercial office space.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None. For a discussion of litigation we currently face, see Note 12-Litigation in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
There were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2008.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Incorporated by reference from information with respect to executive officers of The Progressive Corporation and its subsidiaries set forth in Item 10 in Part III of this Form 10-K.
PART II
ITEM 5.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
(a) Market Information
Progressive’s Common Shares, $1.00 par value, are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol PGR. The high and low prices set forth below are as reported on the consolidated transaction reporting system.
The closing price of our Common Shares on January 31, 2009, was $12.15.
(b) Holders
There were 3,840 shareholders of record on January 31, 2009.
(c) Dividends
See the table above for the frequency and amount of cash dividends paid on our Common Shares, $1.00 par value, for the last two years.
During 2006, Progressive’s Board of Directors approved a plan to replace our previous quarterly dividend policy with an annual variable dividend beginning in 2007. The annual variable dividend is based on a formula that multiplies our annual after-tax underwriting income by a target percentage factor and then by a companywide performance factor (known as our Gainshare factor). For 2007, 2008, and 2009, the Board determined the target percentage of after-tax underwriting income to be 20%. The Gainshare factor can range from zero to two and is determined by comparing operating performance for the year to certain predetermined profitability and growth objectives. The Gainshare factor is also used in connection with our cash bonus program for employees and is approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board annually. To the extent the Gainshare factor was zero or if comprehensive income (which includes net investment income as well as both realized gains and losses and the change in unrealized gains and losses during the period) was less than after-tax underwriting income, no annual variable dividend would be paid. In addition, although it is our intent to calculate an annual dividend based on the formula outlined, the Board could decide to alter our policy or not to pay the annual dividend for 2009 or future years, at any time prior to the declaration of the dividend for the year. Such an action by the Board could result from, among other reasons, changes in the insurance marketplace, changes in our performance or capital needs, changes in federal income tax laws, disruptions of national or international capital markets, or other events affecting our business, liquidity, or financial position. Based on our 2008 results, our after-tax comprehensive loss was less than after-tax underwriting income, therefore, the Board of Directors determined that no dividend would be paid for 2008.
In June 2007, the Board declared an extraordinary dividend of $2.00 per common share. The extraordinary dividend was part of a plan to restructure our capital position during the year and is described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
To the extent we elect to defer the payment of interest on our 6.70% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Debentures due 2067, we may be restricted from declaring any dividends. See Note 4 - Debt in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K for further discussion. Our intent is to pay interest on the Debentures as and when due.
Consolidated statutory policyholders’ surplus was $4.5 billion on December 31, 2008, and $4.6 billion on December 31, 2007. At December 31, 2008, $469.8 million of consolidated statutory policyholders’ surplus represented net admitted assets of Progressive’s insurance subsidiaries and affiliate that are required to meet minimum statutory surplus requirements in such entities’ states of domicile. Generally, the net admitted assets of insurance companies that, subject to other applicable insurance laws and regulations, are available for transfer to the parent company cannot include the net admitted assets required to meet the minimum statutory surplus requirements of the states where the companies are licensed. The companies may be licensed in states other than their states of domicile, however, which may have higher minimum statutory surplus requirements. Based on the dividend laws currently in effect, the insurance subsidiaries may pay aggregate dividends of $505.5 million in 2009 without prior approval from regulatory authorities, provided the dividend payments are not within 12 months of previous dividends paid by the applicable subsidiary.
(d) Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following information is set forth with respect to our equity compensation plans at December 31, 2008.
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
These plans have expired and no further awards may be made thereunder.
(e) Performance Graph
Incorporated by reference from the Performance Graph section in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
(f) Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
(g) Share Repurchases
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Progressive’s financial policies state that we will repurchase shares to neutralize dilution from equity-based compensation in the year of issuance and to return underleveraged capital to investors. See Note 9-Employee Benefit Plans, “Incentive Compensation Plans” in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K, for a summary of our restricted stock grants.
In June 2007, the Board approved an authorization to repurchase up to 100 million common shares. This Board authorization will expire on June 30, 2009. Shares repurchased under this authorization may be accomplished through open market purchases or otherwise, and may include trading plans entered into with one or more brokerage firms in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In the fourth quarter 2008, all repurchases were accomplished through the open market in conjunction with our incentive compensation plans.
ITEM 6.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(millions-except per share amounts)
All per share amounts were adjusted for the May 18, 2006, 4-for-1 stock split.
Since we reported a net loss for 2008, the calculated diluted earnings per share was antidilutive; therefore, basic earnings per share is disclosed. For all other periods, diluted earnings per share is disclosed.
ITEM 7.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Incorporated by reference from Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
ITEM 7A.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are incorporated by reference from section “IV. Results of Operations - Investments” in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, as described in Item 7 above. Additional information is incorporated by reference from the “Quantitative Market Risk Disclosures” section in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
ITEM 8.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Consolidated Financial Statements of Progressive, along with the related notes, supplementary data, and report of the independent registered public accounting firm, are incorporated by reference from our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
ITEM 9.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Progressive, under the direction of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has established disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. The disclosure controls and procedures are also intended to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer reviewed and evaluated Progressive’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that review and evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that Progressive’s disclosure controls and procedures are effectively serving the stated purposes as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting is incorporated by reference from our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
The attestation of the registered public accounting firm is incorporated by reference from our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
There has been no change in Progressive’s internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information relating to all of the directors, and the individuals who have been nominated for election as directors at the 2009 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Registrant, is incorporated herein by reference from the section entitled “Item 1: Election of Directors” in the Proxy Statement.
Information relating to executive officers of Progressive follows. Unless otherwise indicated, the executive officer has held the position(s) indicated for at least the last five years.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance. Incorporated by reference from the “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” section of the Proxy Statement (which can be found in “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management”).
Code of Ethics. Progressive has a Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and other senior financial officers. This Code of Ethics is available, without charge, at: progressive.com/governance, or may be requested in print by writing to: The Progressive Corporation, Investor Relations, 6300 Wilson Mills Road, Box W33, Mayfield Village, Ohio 44143.
We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding amendments to, and waivers from, the provisions of the foregoing Code of Ethics by posting such information on our Internet Web site at: progressive.com/governance.
Shareholder-Proposed Candidate Procedures. There were no material changes to Progressive’s shareholder-proposed candidate procedures during 2008. The description of those procedures is incorporated by reference from the “Shareholder-Proposed Candidate Procedures” section of the Proxy Statement (which can be found in “Other Board of Directors Information”).
Audit Committee. Incorporated by reference from the “Audit Committee” section of the Proxy Statement (which can be found in “Other Board of Directors Information”).
Financial Expert. Incorporated by reference from the “Audit Committee Financial Expert” section of the Proxy Statement (which can be found in “Other Board of Directors Information”).
ITEM 11.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Incorporated by reference from the sections of the Proxy Statement entitled “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation,” “Other Board of Directors Information: Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” and “Compensation Committee Report.”
ITEM 12.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Incorporated by reference from the section of the Proxy Statement entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.”
ITEM 13.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Incorporated by reference from the section of the Proxy Statement entitled “Other Board of Directors Information” subsections “Board of Directors Independence Standards and Determinations” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.”
ITEM 14.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Incorporated by reference from the section of the Proxy Statement entitled “Other Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Information.”
PART IV
ITEM 15.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1) Listing of Financial Statements
The following consolidated financial statements included in Progressive’s 2008 Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K, are incorporated by reference in Item 8:
•
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
•
Consolidated Statements of Income-For the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006
•
Consolidated Balance Sheets-December 31, 2008 and 2007
•
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity-For the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006
•
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows-For the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006
•
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
•
Supplemental Information (Unaudited)
(a)(2) Listing of Financial Statement Schedules
The following financial statement schedules, Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in Item 15(c):
•
Schedule I - Summary of Investments - Other than Investments in Related Parties
•
Schedule II - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
•
Schedule III - Supplementary Insurance Information
•
Schedule IV - Reinsurance
•
Schedule VI - Supplemental Information Concerning Property-Casualty Insurance Operations
•
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Financial Statement Schedules
•
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
•
No other schedules are required to be filed herewith pursuant to Article 7 of Regulation S-X.
(a)(3) Listing of Exhibits
See exhibit index contained herein beginning at page 39. Management contracts and compensatory plans and arrangements are identified in the Exhibit Index as Exhibit Nos.10.2 through 10.55.
(b) Exhibits
The exhibits in response to this portion of Item 15 are submitted concurrently with this report.
(c) Financial Statement Schedules
SCHEDULE I - SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS - OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES
THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(millions)
Includes $96.3 million of gains on our open interest rate swap positions. For further information, see Note 2 - Investments in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
Progressive did not have any securities of any one issuer with an aggregate cost or fair value exceeding 10% of total shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2008.
SCHEDULE II - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION (PARENT COMPANY)
(millions)
* Eliminated in consolidation.
See Note 5-Employee Benefit Plans on page 31.
See notes to condensed financial statements.
SCHEDULE II - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (Continued)
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION (PARENT COMPANY)
(millions)
* Eliminated in consolidation.
See notes to condensed financial statements.
SCHEDULE II - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (Continued)
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION (PARENT COMPANY)
(millions)
See notes to condensed financial statements.
SCHEDULE II - CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (Continued)
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The accompanying condensed financial statements of The Progressive Corporation (parent company) should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of The Progressive Corporation and subsidiaries’ Annual Report to Shareholders, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
Note 1. Statements of Cash Flows - For the purpose of the Statements of Cash Flows, cash includes only bank demand deposits. The Progressive Corporation does not hold any cash but has unrestricted access to funds maintained in a non-insurance, investment subsidiary to meet its holding company obligations; at year-end 2008, $1.0 billion of marketable securities were available in this company. The Progressive Corporation paid income taxes of $258.0 million in 2008, $526.0 million in 2007, and $739.0 million in 2006, respectively. Total interest paid was $144.7 million in 2008, $110.1 million in 2007, and $81.3 million in 2006. Non-cash activity includes declared but unpaid dividends, changes in the net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities, and the contribution from The Progressive Corporation of its common shares to certain subsidiaries, subject to restricted stock awards granted to employees. In addition, in 2006, non-cash activity included the reclass of the liability for deferred restricted stock compensation due to the adoption of SFAS 123(R).
The Progressive Corporation effected a 4-for-1 stock split in the form of a stock dividend to shareholders on May 18, 2006. We reflected the issuance of the additional common shares by transferring $585.9 million from retained earnings to the common stock account. All share, per share, and equivalent share amounts and stock prices were adjusted to give effect to the split. Treasury shares were not split.
Note 2. Income Taxes - The Progressive Corporation files a consolidated federal income tax return with all subsidiaries and acts as an agent for the consolidated tax group when making payments to the Internal Revenue Service. Income taxes in the accompanying Condensed Balance Sheets are comprised of the parent company’s net deferred tax assets offset by the consolidated group’s net income taxes payable/recoverable. The Progressive Corporation and its subsidiaries have adopted, pursuant to a written agreement, a method of allocating consolidated federal income taxes. Amounts allocated to the subsidiaries under the written agreement are included in “Intercompany Receivable” in the accompanying Condensed Balance Sheets.
Note 3. Investment in Consolidated Subsidiaries - The Progressive Corporation, through its investment in consolidated subsidiaries, recognizes the changes in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities of the subsidiaries. These amounts were:
Note 4. Debt - The information relating to debt is incorporated by reference from Note 4 - Debt in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
Note 5. Employee Benefit Plans - The information relating to incentive compensation plans and deferred compensation is incorporated by reference from Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans in our Annual Report, which is included as Exhibit 13 to this Form 10-K.
SCHEDULE III - SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION
THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(millions)
Progressive does not allocate assets, liabilities, or investment income to operating segments.
Excludes net realized gains (losses) on securities.
SCHEDULE IV - REINSURANCE
THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(millions)
SCHEDULE VI - SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION CONCERNING PROPERTY-CASUALTY INSURANCE OPERATIONS
THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(millions)
Pursuant to Rule 12-18 of Regulation S-X. See Schedule III, page 32, for the additional information required in Schedule VI.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Financial Statement Schedules
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of The Progressive Corporation:
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements and of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting referred to in our report dated February 25, 2009 appearing in the 2008 Annual Report to Shareholders of The Progressive Corporation (which report and consolidated financial statements are incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) also included an audit of the financial statement schedules listed in Item 15(a)(2) of this Form 10-K. In our opinion, these financial statement schedules present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Cleveland, Ohio
February 25, 2009
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of The Progressive Corporation:
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on:
of The Progressive Corporation of our report dated February 25, 2009 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in the Annual Report to Shareholders, which is incorporated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We also consent to the incorporation by reference of our report dated February 25, 2009 relating to the financial statement schedules, which appears in this Form 10-K.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Cleveland, Ohio
February 25, 2009
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
* Charles E. Jarrett, by signing his name hereto, does sign this document on behalf of the persons indicated above pursuant to powers of attorney duly executed by such persons.
By:
/s/ Charles E. Jarrett
February 25, 2009
Charles E. Jarrett
Attorney-in-fact
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT INDEX
No other exhibits are required to be filed herewith pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K.