ITEM 1 -- BUSINESS
GENERAL
Hudson Valley Holding Corp. (the "Company") is a New York corporation founded in 1982. The Company is registered as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956.
The Company provides financial services through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Hudson Valley Bank (the "Bank"), a New York chartered commercial bank established in 1972. The Bank is the largest independent bank headquartered in Westchester County, New York. The Bank has 13 branch offices in Westchester County and 2 in Bronx County, New York. The Bank opened its second branch office in Bronx County, New York on March 4, 2002. The Bank has received all necessary regulatory approvals to open two new branch offices, one at 21 Scarsdale Road, Yonkers, New York, the Company's principal executive offices, and one in Manhattan at 60 East 42nd Street, New York, New York. Both branches are expected to open in the second quarter of 2002. The Company and the Bank derive substantially all of their revenue and income from providing banking and related services to small and medium-sized businesses, professionals, municipalities, not-for-profit organizations and individuals located in Westchester County, the Bronx and, beginning in 2002, in Manhattan.
Our principal executive offices are located at 21 Scarsdale Road, Yonkers, New York 10707.
The Bank's principal customers are small and medium-sized businesses, professionals, individuals, municipalities and not-for-profit organizations located in Westchester County and Bronx County, New York. The Bank's strategy is to operate as a community-oriented banking institution dedicated to providing personalized service to customers and focusing products and services on selected segments of the market. The Bank believes that its ability to attract and retain customers is due primarily to its focused approach to its market, its personalized and professional services, its product offerings, its experienced staff, its knowledge of its local markets and its ability to provide responsive solutions to customer needs. The Bank provides these products and services to a diverse range of customers and does not rely on a single large depositor for a significant percentage of deposits. The Bank anticipates that it will continue to open new branch offices in Westchester County and in New York City.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including "anticipates," "believes," "can," "continue," "could," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "may," "plans," "potential," "predicts," "should" or "will" or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, that may cause our or the banking industry's actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.
SUBSIDIARIES OF THE BANK
In 1987, the Bank formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, Hudson Valley Mortgage Corp., for the purpose of providing mortgage banking services primarily in Westchester County and surrounding areas. This subsidiary discontinued operations in 1995, sold its assets and transferred its employees to the Bank. In late 2000, this subsidiary was renamed HVB Leasing Corp. It commenced operations in early 2001, originating lease financing transactions on behalf of the Bank.
In 1991, the Bank formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, Hudson Valley Investment Corp., a Delaware corporation, primarily for the purpose of acquiring and managing a portfolio of investment securities, some of which were previously owned by the Bank.
In 1993, the Bank formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, Sprain Brook Realty Corp., primarily for the purpose of holding property obtained by the Bank through foreclosure in its normal course of business.
In 1997, the Bank formed a subsidiary (of which the Bank owns more than 99 percent of the voting stock), Grassy Sprain Real Estate Holdings, Inc., a real estate investment trust, primarily for the purpose of acquiring and managing a portfolio of mortgage-backed securities, loans collateralized by real estate and other investment securities previously owned by the Bank.
The Company has no separate operations or revenues apart from the Bank and its subsidiaries. The Bank and its subsidiaries are referred to collectively as the "Bank".
EMPLOYEES
At December 31, 2001, we employed 220 full-time employees and 53 part-time employees. We provide a variety of benefit plans, including group life, health, dental, disability, retirement and stock option plans. We consider our employee relations to be satisfactory.
OUR MARKET AREA
Westchester County is a suburban county located in the northern sector of the New York metropolitan area. It has a large and varied economic base containing many corporate headquarters, research facilities, manufacturing firms as well as well-developed trade and service sectors. The median household income, based on 2000 census data, was $60,882. The County's 1998 per capita personal income of $47,267 placed Westchester County sixth highest among the nation's counties. In 2000, the County's unemployment rate was 3.0 percent, as compared to New York State at 4.6 percent and the United States at 4.0 percent. The County has over 40,000 small and medium sized businesses, which form a large portion of the Bank's current and potential customer base.
Bronx County is one of the five boroughs of New York City and borders on Westchester County. While it also has a large and varied economic base, the median household income in the Bronx is much lower than Westchester County. The median household income, based on 2000 census data was $27,547, while the County's 1998 per capita personal income was $19,841. The northern part of Bronx County has a base of professionals and small and medium size businesses. The Company believes that this potential business customer base offers growth opportunities similar to those the Bank has developed in Westchester County, despite the differing demographic profiles of the two counties as a whole. The Bank's second branch office in the Bronx opened during the first quarter of 2002. The Company believes further growth opportunities exist in the Bronx.
Manhattan (Kings County) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. It has a large and varied economic base. The median household income in Manhattan, based on 2000 census data, was $35,201, while Manhattan's 1998 per capita personal income was $72,194. Sections of Manhattan have a well-developed base of professionals and small and medium sized businesses. The Company believes that this potential customer base offers growth opportunities similar to those the Bank has developed in Westchester County and Bronx County.
COMPETITION
The banking and financial services business in New York generally, and in Westchester and Bronx Counties specifically, is highly competitive. There are approximately 19 commercial banks with branch banking offices in our market area. In addition, a number of other depository institutions compete in our market area including savings banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions and brokerage houses. The Bank competes with local offices of large New York City commercial banks due to its proximity to New York
City. Other financial institutions, such as mutual funds, finance companies, factoring companies, mortgage bankers and insurance companies, also compete with the Bank for both loans and deposits. The Bank is smaller in size than most of its competitors. In addition, many non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive federal regulations that govern bank holding companies and federally insured banks.
According to statistics gathered by the FDIC, there were in 1997 and 1998, respectively, 320 and 384 separate banks, credit unions, mortgage brokerages/companies and finance companies operating within the Westchester market area that originated at least one home purchase, home refinance, home improvement or multi-family loan. In 1997 and 1998, the Bank ranked 64th (0.41 percent market share) and 59th (0.35 percent market share), respectively, in terms of market share among these lending institutions. While there are only 9 other lenders headquartered in Westchester County, we consider 14 financial institutions as the Bank's primary local competition for small business and mortgage loans.
Competition for depositors' funds and for credit-worthy loan customers is intense. A number of larger banks are increasing their efforts to serve smaller commercial borrowers. Competition among financial institutions is based upon interest rates and other credit and service charges, the quality of service provided, the convenience of banking facilities, the products offered and, in the case of larger commercial borrowers, relative lending limits.
Federal legislation permits adequately capitalized bank holding companies to expand across state lines to offer banking services. In light of this, it is possible for large organizations to enter many new markets, including our market area. Many of these competitors, by virtue of their size and resources, may enjoy efficiencies and competitive advantages over the Bank in pricing, delivery and marketing of their products and services. The passage of the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 (the "Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act") may also increase the number of powerful competitors in our market by allowing other financial institutions to form or acquire banking subsidiaries.
In response to competition, we have focused our attention on customer service and on addressing the needs of small businesses, professionals and not-for-profits located in the communities in which we operate. We emphasize community relations and relationship banking. We believe that despite the continued growth of large institutions and the potential for large out-of-area banking and financial institutions to enter our market area there will continue to be opportunities for efficiently-operated, service-oriented, well-capitalized, community-based banking organizations to grow by serving customers that are not served well by larger institutions or do not wish to bank with such large institutions.
The Company's strategy is to increase earnings through moderate growth within its existing market. The Bank's primary market area, Westchester County, Bronx County and Manhattan, has a high concentration of the types of customers that the Bank desires to serve. The Bank expects to continue to expand by opening new full service banking facilities, by expanding loan originations in its market area, by enhancing and expanding computerized and telephonic products and through strategic alliances and contractual relationships.
During the past five years, the Company has focused on maintaining existing customer relationships and adding new relationships by providing products and services that meet these customers' needs. The focus of the Bank's products and services continues to be small and medium size businesses, professionals, not-for-profit organizations and municipalities. The Bank has expanded its market from Westchester County to include sections of Bronx County and Manhattan. The Bank has opened three new facilities during the past five years, one in New Rochelle, Westchester County and two in Bronx County, and anticipates opening two additional facilities during the second quarter of 2002. The Bank expects to continue to open additional facilities in the future. The Bank has invested in technology based products and services to meet customer needs. In addition, the Bank has expanded products and services, particularly in its lending programs, and its offering of investment management and trust services. As a result, the Bank has approximately doubled its total assets during this five year period.
LENDING
The Bank engages in a variety of lending activities which are primarily categorized as real estate, commercial and industrial, individual and lease financing. At December 31, 2001, gross loans totaled $609.9 million. Gross loans were comprised of the following loan types:
At December 31, 2001, the Bank's unsecured lending limit to one borrower under applicable regulations was approximately $17.2 million.
In managing its loan portfolio, the Bank focuses on:
(i) the application of its established underwriting criteria,
(ii) the establishment of individual lending authorities well below the Bank's legal lending authority,
(iii) the involvement by senior management and the Board of Directors in the loan approval process for designated categories, types or amounts of loans,
(iv) an awareness of concentration by industry or collateral, and
(v) the monitoring of loans for timely payment and to seek to identify potential problem loans.
The Bank utilizes its credit department to assess acceptable and unacceptable credit risks based upon the Bank's established underwriting criteria. The Bank utilizes its loan officers, branch managers and credit department to identify changes in a borrower's financial condition that may affect the borrower's ability to perform in accordance with loan terms. Lending policies and procedures place an emphasis on assessing a borrower's income flow as well as collateral values. Further, the Bank utilizes systems and analysis which assist in monitoring loan delinquencies. The Bank utilizes its loan officers, loan collection department and legal counsel in collection efforts on past due loans. Additional collateral or guarantees may be requested where delinquencies remain unresolved.
An independent loan review department reviews loans in the Bank's portfolio and assigns a risk grading to each reviewed loan. Loans are reviewed based upon the type of loan, the collateral for the loan, the amount of the loan and any other pertinent information. The loan review department reports directly to the Board of Directors.
See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Loan Portfolio" for further information related to the Company's loan portfolio and lending activities.
DEPOSITS
The Bank offers deposit products ranging in maturity from demand-type accounts to certificates of deposit with maturities of up to 5 years. The Bank's deposits are generally derived from customers within its primary marketplace. The Bank solicits only certain types of deposits from outside its market area, primarily from certain professionals and government agencies.
The Bank sets its deposit rates to remain generally competitive with other financial institutions in its market, although the Bank does not generally seek to match the highest rates paid by competing institutions. The Bank has established a process to review interest rates on all deposit products and, based upon this process, updates its deposit rates weekly. The Company's Asset/Liability Management Policy and its Liquidity Policy set guidelines to manage overall interest rate risk and liquidity. These guidelines can affect
the rates paid on deposits. Deposit rates are reviewed under these policies periodically since deposits are the Bank's primary source of liquidity.
The Bank provides deposit pick up services for certain business customers. The Bank has 8 automated teller machines, or ATMs, at various locations, which generate activity fees based on use by other banks' customers.
For more information regarding the Bank's deposits, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Deposits."
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT SERVICES
The Bank provides portfolio management services to certain pension and retirement accounts and executes securities transactions on behalf of certain customers by utilizing administrative support, investment products and methodologies provided to the Bank through an alliance with a third party. The Bank terminated its relationship with this third party, an unaffiliated commercial bank, during the first quarter of 2002 and formed a relationship with an investment advisor to provide similar services to the Bank. The Bank believes the new relationship will improve the portfolio management services offered. The Bank will continue to periodically explore the possibility of developing relationships with others that provide similar investment management services, and the Bank believes that a number of alternative providers of these services exist. The Bank also provides a software application designed to meet specific administrative needs of bankruptcy trustees through a marketing and licensing agreement with the application vendor. The Bank's licensing agreement expires in October 2002. The Bank does not know if an extension will be available or, if available, whether the Bank will renew. While the Bank is interested in developing new customer relationships with bankruptcy trustees by offering them access to this software, the Bank does not believe that its relationship with the application vendor is material to its business. In addition, the Bank has participated in loans originated by various other financial institutions within the normal course of business and within standard industry practices.
SUPERVISION AND REGULATION
Banks and bank holding companies are extensively regulated under both federal and state law. We have set forth below brief summaries of various aspects of supervision and regulation which do not purport to be complete and which are qualified in their entirety by reference to applicable laws, rules and regulations.
REGULATIONS TO WHICH THE COMPANY IS SUBJECT
As a bank holding company, the Company is regulated by and subject to the supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "FRB") and is required to file with the FRB an annual report and such other information as may be required. The FRB has the authority to conduct examinations of the Company as well.
The Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (the "BHC Act") limits the types of companies which we may acquire or organize and the activities in which they may engage. In general, a bank holding company and its subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in or acquiring control of any company engaged in non-banking activities unless such activities are so closely related to banking or managing and controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. Activities determined by the FRB to be so closely related to banking within the meaning of the BHC Act include operating a mortgage company, finance company, credit card company, factoring company, trust company or savings association; performing certain data processing operations; providing limited securities brokerage services; acting as an investment or financial advisor; acting as an insurance agent for certain types of credit-related insurance; leasing personal property on a full-payout, non-operating basis; providing tax planning and preparation service; operating a collection agency; and providing certain courier services. The FRB also has determined that certain other activities, including real estate brokerage and syndication, land development, property management and underwriting of life insurance unrelated to credit transactions, are not closely related to banking and therefore are not a proper activity for a bank holding company.
The BHC Act requires every bank holding company to obtain the prior approval of the FRB before acquiring substantially all the assets of, or direct or indirect ownership or control of more than five percent of the voting shares of, any bank. Subject to certain limitations and restrictions, a bank holding company, with the prior approval of the FRB, may acquire an out-of-state bank.
In November 1999, Congress amended certain provisions of the BHC Act through passage of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. Under this new legislation, a bank holding company may elect to become a "financial holding company" and thereby engage in a broader range of activities than would be permissible for traditional bank holding companies. In order to qualify for the election, all of the depository institution subsidiaries of the bank holding company must be well capitalized and well managed, as defined under FRB regulations, and all such subsidiaries must have achieved a rating of "satisfactory" or better with respect to meeting community credit needs. Pursuant to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, financial holding companies are permitted to engage in activities that are "financial in nature" or incidental or complementary thereto, as determined by the FRB. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act identifies several activities as "financial in nature", including, among others, insurance underwriting and agency activities, investment advisory services, merchant banking and underwriting, and dealing in or making a market in securities.
The Company believes it would meet the regulatory criteria that would enable it to elect to become a financial holding company. The Company has not yet determined whether to make such an election.
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act also makes it possible for entities engaged in providing various other financial services to form financial holding companies and form or acquire banks. Accordingly, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act makes it possible for a variety of financial services firms to offer products and services comparable to the products and services offered by the Bank.
There are various statutory and regulatory limitations regarding the extent to which present and future banking subsidiaries of the Company can finance or otherwise transfer funds to the Company or its non-banking subsidiaries, whether in the form of loans, extensions of credit, investments or asset purchases, including regulatory limitation on the payment of dividends directly or indirectly to the Company from the Bank. Federal and state bank regulatory agencies also have the authority to limit further the Bank's payment of dividends based on such factors as the maintenance of adequate capital for such subsidiary bank, which could reduce the amount of dividends otherwise payable. Under applicable banking statutes, at December 31, 2001, the Bank could have declared additional dividends of approximately $33.2 million to the Company without prior regulatory approval.
Under the policy of the FRB, the Company is expected to act as a source of financial strength to the Bank and to commit resources to support the Bank in circumstances where we might not do so absent such policy. In addition, any subordinated loans by the Company to the Bank would also be subordinate in right of payment to depositors and obligations to general creditors of such subsidiary banks. The Company currently has no loans to the Bank.
The FRB has established capital adequacy guidelines for bank holding companies that are similar to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") capital requirements for the Bank described below. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Capital Resources" and Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. As of December 31, 2001, our Tier 1 and Total risk-based capital ratios were 15.4 percent and 16.5 percent, respectively, and our leverage capital ratio was 7.9 percent. All ratios exceed the requirements under these regulations and classify us as "well capitalized."
REGULATIONS TO WHICH THE BANK IS SUBJECT
The Bank is organized under the Banking Law of the State of New York. Its operations are subject to federal and state laws applicable to commercial banks and to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by the New York Superintendent of Banks and the Banking Board of the State of New York, as well as by the FDIC, as its primary federal regulator and insurer of deposits. While the Bank is not a member of the
Federal Reserve System, it is subject to certain regulations of the FRB. In addition to banking laws, regulations and regulatory agencies, the Bank is subject to various other laws, regulations and regulatory agencies, all of which directly or indirectly affect the Bank's operations. The New York Superintendent of Banks and the FDIC examine the affairs of the Bank for the purpose of determining its financial condition and compliance with laws and regulations.
The New York Superintendent of Banks and the FDIC have significant discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies, including policies with respect to the classification of assets and the establishment of adequate loan loss reserves for regulatory purposes. Any change in such policies whether by the FDIC, Congress, the New York Superintendent of Banks or the New York Legislature could have a material adverse impact on the Bank.
Federal laws and regulations also limit, with certain exceptions, the ability of state banks to engage in activities or make equity investments that are not permissible for national banks. The Company does not expect such provisions to have a material adverse effect on the Company or the Bank.
Capital Standards
The FDIC has adopted risk-based capital guidelines to which FDIC-insured, state-chartered banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System, such as the Bank, are subject. The guidelines establish a systematic analytical framework that makes regulatory capital requirements more sensitive to the differences in risk profiles among banking organizations. Banks are required to maintain minimum levels of capital based upon their total assets and total "risk-weighted assets." For purposes of these requirements, capital is comprised of both Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. Tier 1 capital consists primarily of common stock and retained earnings. Tier 2 capital consists primarily of loan loss reserves, subordinated debt, and convertible securities. In determining total capital, the amount of Tier 2 capital may not exceed the amount of Tier 1 capital. A bank's total "risk-based assets" are determined by assigning the bank's assets and off-balance sheet items (e.g., letters of credit) to one of four risk categories based upon their relative credit risks. The greater the risk associated with an asset, the greater the amount of such asset that will be subject to capital requirements. Banks must satisfy the following three minimum capital standards:
(1) Tier 1 capital in an amount equal to between 4 percent and 5 percent of total assets (the "leverage ratio");
(2) Tier 1 capital in an amount equal to 4 percent of risk-weighted assets; and
(3) total Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital in an amount equal to 8 percent of risk-weighted assets.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 ("FDICIA"), defines specific capital categories based upon an institution's capital ratios. The capital categories, in declining order, are: (i) well capitalized; (ii) adequately capitalized; (iii) undercapitalized; (iv) significantly undercapitalized; and (v) critically undercapitalized. Under FDICIA and the FDIC's prompt corrective action rules, the FDIC may take any one or more of the following actions against an undercapitalized bank: restrict dividends and management fees, restrict asset growth and prohibit new acquisitions, new branches or new lines of business without prior FDIC approval. If a bank is significantly undercapitalized, the FDIC may also require the bank to raise capital, restrict interest rates a bank may pay on deposits, require a reduction in assets, restrict any activities that might cause risk to the bank, require improved management, prohibit the acceptance of deposits from correspondent banks and restrict compensation to any senior executive officer. When a bank becomes critically undercapitalized, (i.e., the ratio of tangible equity to total assets is equal to or less than 2 percent), the FDIC must, within 90 days thereafter, appoint a receiver for the bank or take such action as the FDIC determines would better achieve the purposes of the law. Even where such other action is taken, the FDIC generally must appoint a receiver for a bank if the bank remains critically undercapitalized during the calendar quarter beginning 270 days after the date on which the bank became critically undercapitalized.
To be considered "adequately capitalized," an institution must generally have a leverage ratio of at least 4 percent, a Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 4 percent and total Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of at least 8 percent. As of December 31, 2001, the most recent notification from
the FDIC categorized the Bank as "well capitalized" under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as "well capitalized," the Bank must maintain a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 10 percent, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 6 percent and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 5 percent. There are no conditions that we believe have changed the Bank's category.
See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Safety and Soundness Standards
Federal law requires each federal banking agency to prescribe for depository institutions under its jurisdiction standards relating to, among other things: internal controls; information systems and audit systems; loan documentation; credit underwriting; interest rate risk exposure; asset growth; compensation; fees and benefits; and such other operational and managerial standards as the agency deems appropriate. The federal banking agencies adopted final regulations and Interagency Guidelines Establishing Standards for Safety and Soundness (the "Guidelines") to implement these safety and soundness standards. The Guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. The Guidelines address internal controls and information systems; internal audit system; credit underwriting; loan documentation; interest rate risk exposure; asset quality; earnings and compensation; fees and benefits. If the appropriate federal banking agency determines that an institution fails to meet any standard prescribed by the Guidelines, the agency may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard set by the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. The final regulations establish deadlines for submission and review of such safety and soundness compliance plans.
The federal banking agencies also have adopted final regulations for real estate lending prescribing uniform guidelines for real estate lending. The regulations require insured depository institutions to adopt written policies establishing standards, consistent with such guidelines, for extensions of credit secured by real estate. The policies must address loan portfolio management, underwriting standards and loan to value limits that do not exceed the supervisory limits prescribed by the regulations.
Premiums for Deposit Insurance
The FDIC has implemented a risk-based assessment system, under which an institution's deposit insurance premium assessment is based on the probability that the deposit insurance fund will incur a loss with respect to the institution, the likely amount of any such loss, and the revenue needs of the deposit insurance fund.
Under this risk-based assessment system, banks are categorized into one of three capital categories (well capitalized, adequately capitalized, and undercapitalized) and one of three categories based on supervisory evaluations by its primary federal regulator (in the Bank's case, the FDIC). The three supervisory categories are: financially sound with only a few minor weaknesses (Group A), demonstrates weaknesses that could result in significant deterioration (Group B), and poses a substantial probability of loss (Group C). The capital ratios used by the FDIC to define well-capitalized, adequately capitalized and undercapitalized are the same in the FDIC's prompt corrective action regulations. The Bank is currently considered a "Well Capitalized Group A" institution and, therefore, is not subject to any quarterly FDIC Bank Insurance Fund ("BIF") assessments. This could change in the future based on the capitalization of the BIF.
FDIC insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC, after notice and hearing, upon a finding by the FDIC that the insured institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, or is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule or order of, or conditions imposed by, the FDIC. Neither the Company nor the Bank is aware of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to termination of deposit insurance.
Community Reinvestment Act and Fair Lending Developments
Under the Community Reinvestment Act ("CRA"), as implemented by FDIC regulations, the Bank has a continuing and affirmative obligation consistent with its safe and sound operation to help meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. The CRA does not prescribe specific lending requirements or programs for financial institutions nor does it limit an institution's discretion to develop the types of products and services that it believes are best suited to its particular community, consistent with the CRA. The CRA requires the FDIC, in connection with its examination of a savings institution, to assess the institution's record of meeting the credit needs of its community and to take such record into account in its evaluation of certain applications by such institution. The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act (FIRREA) amended the CRA to require public disclosure of an institution's CRA rating and require the FDIC to provide a written evaluation of an institution's CRA performance utilizing a four-tiered descriptive rating system. Institutions are evaluated and rated by the FDIC as "Outstanding", "Satisfactory", "Needs to Improve" or "Substantial Non Compliance." Failure to receive at least a "Satisfactory" rating may inhibit an institution from undertaking certain activities, including acquisitions of other financial institutions, which require regulatory approval based, in part, on CRA Compliance considerations. As of its last CRA examination in December 2000, the Bank received a rating of "Satisfactory."
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
The present bank regulatory scheme is undergoing significant change, both as it affects the banking industry itself and as it affects competition between banks and non-banking financial institutions. There has been a significant regulatory change in the bank merger and acquisition area, in the products and services banks can offer, and in the non-banking activities in which bank holding companies may engage. Under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act enacted by Congress on November 12, 1999, banks and bank holding companies may now affiliate with insurance and securities companies. In part as a result of these changes, banks are now actively competing with other types of non-depository institutions, such as money market funds, brokerage firms, insurance companies and other financial services enterprises. It is not possible at this time to assess what impact these changes in the regulatory scheme will ultimately have on the Bank.
Governmental Monetary Policy
The Company's and Bank's business and earnings depend in large part on differences in interest rates. One of the most significant factors affecting the Company's and the Bank's earnings is the difference between (1) the interest rates paid by the Bank on its deposits and its other borrowings (liabilities) and (2) the interest rates received by the Bank on loans made to its customers and securities held in its investment portfolio (assets). The value of and yield on its assets and the rates paid on its liabilities are sensitive to changes in prevailing market rates of interest. Therefore, the earnings and growth of the Company and the Bank will be, influenced by general economic conditions, the monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government, including the Federal Reserve System, whose function is to regulate the national supply of bank credit in order to influence inflation and overall economic growth. Its policies are used in varying combinations to influence overall growth of bank loans, investments and deposits and may also affect interest rates charged on loans, earned on investments or paid for deposits.
In view of changing conditions in the national and local economies, no prediction can be made by the Company as to possible future changes in interest rates, deposit levels, loan demand, or availability of investment securities and the resulting effect on the business or earnings of the Company and the Bank.
RISK FACTORS
OUR MARKETS ARE INTENSELY COMPETITIVE, AND OUR PRINCIPAL COMPETITORS ARE LARGER THAN US.
We face significant competition both in making loans and in attracting deposits. This competition is based on, among other things, interest rates and other credit and service charges, the quality of services rendered, the convenience of the banking facilities, the range and type of products offered and the relative lending limits in
the case of loans to larger commercial borrowers. The Westchester County, Bronx County, and Manhattan area of New York has a very high density of financial institutions, many of which are branches of institutions which are significantly larger than us and have greater financial resources and higher lending limits. Many of these institutions offer services that we do not or cannot provide. Nearly all such institutions compete with us to varying degrees.
Our competition for loans comes principally from commercial banks, savings banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, mortgage banking companies, insurance companies and other financial service companies. Our most direct competition for deposits has historically come from commercial banks, savings banks, savings and loan associations, and money market funds and other securities funds offered by brokerage firms and other similar financial institutions. We face additional competition for deposits from non-depository competitors such as the mutual fund industry, securities and brokerage firms, and insurance companies.
Competition may increase in the future as a result of regulatory change in the financial services industry. We expect to face increased competitive pressure from non-banking sources as a result of the passage by Congress of the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 (the "Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act"), which permits banks and bank holding companies to affiliate more easily with other financial service institutions, such as insurance companies and brokerage firms. Although the impact of this legislation on us cannot be predicted, it is likely that financial institutions in our market will begin to offer a wider range of services. Because of our smaller size, we may have less opportunity to take advantage of the flexibility offered by the new legislation.
WE OPERATE IN A HIGHLY REGULATED INDUSTRY AND COULD BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY GOVERNMENTAL MONETARY POLICY OR REGULATORY CHANGE.
The Company, as a bank holding company, and the Bank are subject to regulation by several government agencies, including the FRB, the FDIC, the New York Superintendent of Banks, and the Banking Board of the State of New York. Changes in governmental economic and monetary policy not only can affect the ability of the Bank to attract deposits and make loans, but can also affect the demand for business and personal lending and for real estate mortgages.
Government regulations affect virtually all areas of our operations, including our range of permissible activities, products and services, the geographic locations in which our services can be offered, the amount of capital required to be maintained to support operations, the right to pay dividends and the amount which the Bank can pay to obtain deposits. The passage of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which permits banks and bank holding companies to affiliate more easily with other financial service firms, could significantly change the nature of the financial services market over the next few years. There can be no assurance that we will be able to adapt successfully to changes initiated by this or other governmental or regulatory action.
OUR INCOME IS SENSITIVE TO CHANGES IN INTEREST RATES.
The Bank's profitability, like that of most banking institutions, depends to a large extent upon its net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income received on interest-earning accounts, including loans and securities, and the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, including deposits and borrowings. Accordingly, the Bank's results of operations and financial condition depend largely on movements in market interest rates and its ability to manage its assets and liabilities in response to such movements.
The Bank tries to manage its interest rate risk exposure by closely monitoring its assets and liabilities in an effort to reduce the effects of changes in interest rates primarily by altering the mix and maturity of the Bank's loans, investments and funding sources.
Currently, the Bank's income would be minimally changed due to changes in the interest rate environment. However, significant and prolonged rate decreases could have an adverse effect on the Bank's net interest income by decreasing the spread between the rates earned on assets and paid on liabilities. Changes in interest rates also affect the volume of loans originated by the Bank, as well as the value of its loans and other interest-earning assets, including investment securities.
In addition, changes in interest rates may result in an increase in higher cost deposit products within the Bank's existing portfolio, as well as a flow of funds away from bank accounts into direct investments (such as U.S. Government and corporate securities, and other investment instruments such as mutual funds) to the extent that the Bank does not pay competitive rates of interest. "See Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk."
WE MAY INCUR LIABILITIES UNDER FEDERAL AND STATE ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS WITH RESPECT TO FORECLOSED PROPERTIES.
Approximately 72% of the loans held by the Bank as of December 31, 2001 were secured by real estate. Approximately half of these loans were commercial real estate loans, with most of the remainder being for single or multi-family residences. The Bank currently does not own any property acquired on foreclosure. However, the Bank has in the past and may in the future acquire properties through foreclosure on loans in default. Under federal and state environmental laws, the Bank could face liability for some or all of the costs of removing hazardous substances, contaminants or pollutants from properties acquired by the Bank on foreclosure. While other persons might be primarily liable, such persons might not be financially solvent or able to bear the full cost of the clean up. It is also possible that a lender that has not foreclosed on property but has exercised unusual influence over the borrower's activities may be required to bear a portion of the clean up costs under federal or state environmental laws.
A DOWNTURN IN THE ECONOMY IN OUR MARKET AREA WOULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR LOAN PORTFOLIO AND OUR GROWTH POTENTIAL.
Our lending market area is concentrated in Westchester County, New York and, to a growing but lesser extent, Bronx County, New York with a primary focus on small to medium-sized businesses located in this area. Accordingly, the asset quality of our loan portfolio is largely dependent upon the area's economy and real estate markets. A downturn in the economy in our primary lending area would adversely affect our operations and limit our future growth potential.
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE MAY AFFECT OUR ABILITY TO COMPETE.
The banking industry is undergoing rapid technological changes, with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. In addition to improving customer services, the effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to reduce costs. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to address the needs of customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. There can be
no assurance that we will be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing such products and services to the public.
In addition, because of the demand for technology-driven products, banks are increasingly contracting with outside vendors to provide data processing and core banking functions. The use of technology-related products, services, delivery channels and processes expose a bank to various risks, particularly transaction, strategic, reputation and compliance risk. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully manage the risks associated with our increased dependency on technology.
OUR PROFITABILITY DEPENDS ON OUR CUSTOMERS' ABILITY TO REPAY THEIR LOANS AND OUR ABILITY TO MAKE SOUND JUDGMENTS CONCERNING CREDIT RISK.
There are risks inherent in making all loans, including risks with respect to the period of time over which loans may be repaid, risks resulting from changes in economic conditions, risks inherent in dealing with individual borrowers, and, in the case of a collateralized loan, risks resulting from uncertainties about the future value of the collateral. We maintain an allowance for loan losses based on, among other things, historical experience, an evaluation of economic conditions, and regular reviews of delinquencies and loan portfolio quality. Our judgment as to the adequacy of the allowance is based upon a number of assumptions which we believe to be reasonable but which may or may not prove to be correct. Thus, there can be no assurance that charge-offs in future periods will not exceed the allowance for loan losses or that additional increases in the allowance for loan losses will not be required. Additions to the allowance for loan losses would result in a decrease in net income and capital.
ITEM 2
ITEM 2 -- PROPERTIES
The principal executive offices of the Company and the Bank, including administrative and operating departments, are located at 21 Scarsdale Road, Yonkers, New York, in premises that are owned by the Bank. The Bank's main branch is located at 35 East Grassy Sprain Road, Yonkers, New York, in premises that are leased by the Bank.
In addition to the main branch, the Bank operates 12 branches in Westchester County, New York. The following six branches are owned by the Bank: 37 East Main Street, Elmsford, New York; 61 South Broadway, Yonkers, New York; 150 Lake Avenue, Yonkers, New York; 865 McLean Avenue, Yonkers, New York; 512 South Broadway, Yonkers, New York; and 664 Main Street, Mount Kisco, New York. The following six branches are leased by the Bank: 403 East Sandford Boulevard, Mount Vernon, New York; 1835 East Main Street, Peekskill, New York; 500 Westchester Avenue, Port Chester, New York; 233 Marble Avenue, Thornwood, New York; 328 Central Avenue, White Plains, New York; and Five Huguenot Street, New Rochelle, New York.
In addition to the branches in Westchester County, the Bank operates two branches in Bronx, New York, one at 3130 East Tremont Avenue and one at 975 Allerton Avenue, both in premises leased by the Bank.
Of the leased properties, 5 properties, located in White Plains, Thornwood, Mount Vernon, Yonkers and Bronx, New York, have lease terms that expire within the next 2 years, with each lease subject to the Bank's renewal option. The Bank expects to exercise its renewal option on the leases of each of these properties.
The Bank also operates 8 ATM machines, 6 of which are located in the Bank's facilities. Two ATMs are located at different off-site locations -- Yonkers General Hospital in Yonkers, New York; and St. Joseph's Hospital in Yonkers, New York.
In the opinion of management, the premises, fixtures and equipment used by the Company and the Bank are adequate and suitable for the conduct of their businesses. All facilities are well maintained and provide adequate parking.
ITEM 3
ITEM 3 -- LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Various claims and lawsuits are pending against the Company and its subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, resolution of each matter is not expected to have a material effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries.
ITEM 4
ITEM 4 -- SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of shareholders of Hudson Valley Holding Corp during the fourth quarter of 2001.
PART II
ITEM 5
ITEM 5 -- MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The Company's common stock was held of record as of March 1, 2002 by approximately 675 shareholders. The Company's common stock trades on a limited and sporadic basis in the over-the-counter market under the symbol "HUVL". A very limited and sporadic public trading market has developed. The Company has historically purchased shares of common stock from shareholders at a price that the Company believes to be the fair market value at the time. Some of these purchases are made pursuant to Stock Restriction Agreements which give the Company a right of first refusal if the shareholder wishes to sell his or her shares. The majority of transactions in the Company's common stock are sales to the Company or private transactions. There can be no assurance that the Company will purchase any additional stock in the future.
The table below sets forth the high and the low prices per share at which the Company purchased shares of its common stock from shareholders in 2001 and 2000. The price per share has been adjusted to reflect the 10 percent stock dividends to shareholders in December 2001 and 2000.
The foregoing prices were not subject to retail markup, markdown or commission.
In 1998, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a policy of paying quarterly cash dividends to holders of its common stock. Quarterly cash dividends were paid as follows: In 2001, $0.28 per share to holders of record on February 5; $0.31 to shareholders of record May 7, August 6 and November 5. In 2000, $0.24 per share to holders of record on February 7; $0.26 to shareholders of record on May 8, August 7 and November 6. Dividends per share have been adjusted to reflect the 10 percent stock dividends to shareholders in December 2001 and 2000.
Stock dividends of 10 percent each (one share for every 10 outstanding shares) were declared by the Company for shareholders of record on December 3, 2001 and December 4, 2000.
Effective December 4, 2001, the Board of Directors of the Company adjusted the price at which the Company would purchase shares to $35.50 per share, taking into consideration the ten percent stock dividend to shareholders in December 2001.
Any funds which the Company may require in the future to pay cash dividends, as well as various Company expenses, are expected to be obtained by the Company chiefly in the form of cash dividends from the Bank and secondarily from sales of common stock pursuant to the Company's stock option plan. The ability of the Company to declare and pay dividends in the future will depend not only upon its future earnings and financial condition, but also upon the future earnings and financial condition of the Bank and its ability to transfer funds to the Company in the form of cash dividends and otherwise. The Company is a separate and distinct legal entity from the Bank. The Company's right to participate in any distribution of the assets or earnings of the Bank is subordinate to prior claims of creditors of the Bank.
THERE IS CURRENTLY NO ACTIVE MARKET FOR THE COMMON STOCK AND THERE CAN BE NO ASSURANCE THAT A MARKET WILL DEVELOP.
Our common stock trades from time to time in the over-the-counter bulletin board market under the symbol "HUVL". Trading in this market is sporadic. In the absence of an active market for our common stock, there can be no assurance that a shareholder will be able to find a buyer for his or her shares. Stock
prices as a whole may also be lower than they would be if an active market were to develop, and may tend to fluctuate more dramatically.
We have determined not to apply, at this time, for the listing of the common stock on the American Stock Exchange ("AMEX") or another securities exchange. If we do apply in the future for such listing, there can be no assurance that the common stock will be listed on the AMEX or any securities exchange. Even if we successfully list the common stock on the AMEX or another securities exchange, there can be no assurance that any organized public market for the securities will develop or that there will be any private demand for the common stock. We could also fail to meet the requirements for continued inclusion on the AMEX or such other exchange, such as the requirement relating to the minimum number of public shareholders or the aggregate market value of publicly held shares.
The liquidity of the common stock depends upon the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers. Liquidity also may be limited by other factors, including restrictions imposed on the common stock by shareholders.
The Company has historically created a secondary market for its stock by issuing offers to repurchase shares from any shareholder. However, the Company is not obligated to issue such offers to repurchase shares in the future and may discontinue or limit such offers at any time.
If the common stock is not listed on an exchange, it may not be accepted as collateral for loans, or if accepted, its value may be substantially discounted. As a result, investors should regard the common stock as a long-term investment and should be prepared to bear the economic risk of an investment in the common stock for an indefinite period. Investors who may need or wish to dispose of all or a part of their investments in the common stock may not be able to do so except by private, direct negotiations with third parties.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MARKET FOR THE COMMON STOCK COULD BE LIMITED BY EXISTING AGREEMENTS WITH RESPECT TO RESALE.
A significant number of our shareholders are current or former directors and employees (or their family members) who purchased their shares subject to various Stock Restriction Agreements. Pursuant to these Stock Restriction Agreements, we enjoy a right of first refusal if the shareholder proposes to sell his or her shares to a third party. Historically, we have exercised our right of first refusal and have purchased a substantial portion of the shares offered to us pursuant to the Stock Restriction Agreements. Our repurchase of stock has effectively created a secondary market for the stock. We have no obligation to repurchase the common stock under the Stock Restriction Agreements or otherwise and there can be no assurance that we will purchase any additional stock in the future. If we continue to exercise our right to repurchase shares subject to the Stock Restriction Agreements, this will limit the availability of shares in public markets.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION RESTRICTS OUR ABILITY TO PAY CASH DIVIDENDS.
Dividends from the Bank are the only significant source of cash for the Company. However, there are various statutory and regulatory limitations regarding the extent to which the Bank can pay dividends or otherwise transfer funds to the Company. Federal and state bank regulatory agencies also have the authority to limit further the Bank's payment of dividends based on such factors as the maintenance of adequate capital for the Bank, which could reduce the amount of dividends otherwise payable. The Company paid a cash dividend to our shareholders of $1.21 per share in 2001, $1.01 per share in 2000 and $0.84 per share in 1999 (adjusted for subsequent stock dividends). Under applicable banking statutes, at December 31, 2001, the Bank could have declared dividends of approximately $33.2 million to the Company without prior regulatory approval. No assurance can be given that the Bank will have the profitability necessary to permit the payment of dividends in the future; therefore, no assurance can be given that the Company would have any funds available to pay dividends to shareholders.
Federal and state agencies require the Company and the Bank to maintain adequate levels of capital. The failure to maintain adequate capital or to comply with applicable laws, regulations and supervisory agreements
could subject the Company, the Bank or its subsidiaries to federal and state enforcement provisions, such as the termination of deposit insurance, the imposition of substantial fines and other civil penalties and, in the most severe cases, the appointment of a conservator or receiver for a depositary institution. Moreover, dividends can be restricted by any of the Bank's regulatory authorities if the agency believes that the Bank's financial condition warrants such a restriction.
In addition, the Company's ability to declare and pay dividends is restricted under the New York Business Corporation Law, which provides that dividends may only be paid by a corporation out of its surplus.
In the event of a liquidation or reorganization of the Bank, the ability of holders of debt and equity securities of the Company to benefit from the distribution of assets from the Bank upon any such liquidation or reorganization would be subordinate to prior claims of creditors of the Bank (including depositors), except to the extent that the Company's claim as a creditor may be recognized. The Company is not currently a creditor of the Bank.
ITEM 6
ITEM 6 -- SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth selected historical consolidated financial data for the years ended and as of the dates indicated. The selected historical consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2001 and 2000, and for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, are derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected historical consolidated financial data as of December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 and for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997 are derived from our consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
FINANCIAL RATIOS
Significant ratios of the Company for the periods indicated are as follows:
- ---------------
(1) Excludes unrealized gains in 2001 and 2000, net of tax, on securities available for sale
ITEM 7
ITEM 7 -- MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section presents discussion and analysis of the Company's consolidated financial condition at December 31, 2001 and 2000, and consolidated results of operations for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2001. The Company is consolidated with its wholly-owned subsidiary, Hudson Valley Bank, and the Bank's subsidiaries, Hudson Valley Investment Corp., Grassy Sprain Real Estate Holdings, Inc., Sprain Brook Realty Corp. and HVB Leasing Corp. (collectively the "Bank"). This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and supplementary financial information contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Allowance for Loan Losses -- The Bank maintains an allowance for loan losses to absorb losses inherent in the loan portfolio based on ongoing quarterly assessments of the estimated losses. The Bank's methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance consists of several key components, which include a specific allowance for identified problem loans, a formula allowance, and an unallocated allowance. The specific allowance incorporates the results of measuring impaired loans as provided in SFAS No. 114, "Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan," and SFAS No. 118, "Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan-Income Recognition and Disclosures." These accounting standards prescribe the measurement methods, income recognition and disclosures related to impaired loans. A loan is recognized as impaired when it is probable that principal and/or interest are not collectible in accordance with the loan's contractual terms. A loan is not deemed to be impaired if there is a short delay in receipt of payment or if, during a longer period of delay, the Company expects to collect all amounts due including interest accrued at the contractual rate during the period of delay. Measurement of impairment can be based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change. If the fair value of the impaired loan is less than the related recorded amount, a specific valuation allowance is established within the allowance for loan losses or a writedown is charged against the allowance for loan losses if the impairment is considered to be permanent. Measurement of impairment does not apply to large groups of smaller balance homogenous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment such as the Company's portfolios of home equity loans, real estate mortgages, installment and other loans.
The formula allowance is calculated by applying loss factors to outstanding loans by type. Loss factors are based on historical loss experience. New loan types, for which there has been no historical loss experience, as explained further below, is one of the considerations in determining the appropriateness of the unallocated allowance.
The appropriateness of the unallocated allowance is reviewed by management based upon its evaluation of then-existing economic and business conditions affecting the key lending areas of the Bank and other conditions, such as new loan products, credit quality trends (including trends in nonperforming loans expected to result from existing conditions), collateral values, loan volumes and concentrations, specific industry conditions within portfolio segments that existed as of the balance sheet date and the impact that such conditions were believed to have had on the collectibility of the loan portfolio. Senior management reviews these conditions quarterly. Management's evaluation of the loss related to these conditions is reflected in the unallocated allowance. Due to the inherent uncertainty in the process, management does not attempt to quantify separate amounts for each of the conditions considered in estimating the unallocated component of the allowance. The evaluation of the inherent loss with respect to these conditions is subject to a higher degree of uncertainty because they are not identified with specific credits or portfolio segments.
Actual losses can vary significantly from the estimated amounts. The Bank's methodology permits adjustments to the allowance in the event that, in management's judgment, significant factors which affect the collectibility of the loan portfolio as of the evaluation date have changed.
Management believes the allowance for loan losses is the best estimate of probable losses which have been incurred as of December 31, 2001 and 2000. There is no assurance that the Company will not be required to make future adjustments to the allowance in response to changing economic conditions, particularly in the Bank's service area, since the majority of the Bank's loans are collateralized by real estate. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of the examination process, periodically review the Bank's allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments at the time of their examination.
Income Recognition on Loans -- Interest on loans is accrued monthly. Net loan origination and commitment fees are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of yield over the lives of the related loans. Loans, including impaired loans, are placed on a non-accrual status when management believes that interest or principal on such loans may not be collected in the normal course of business. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all interest previously accrued, but not collected, is reversed against interest income. Interest received on non-accrual loans generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, in accordance with management's judgment as to the collectability of principal. Loans can be returned to accruing status when they become current as to principal and interest, demonstrate a period of performance under the contractual terms, and when, in management's opinion, they are estimated to be fully collectible.
Securities -- Securities are classified as either available for sale, representing securities the Bank may sell in the ordinary course of business, or as held for investment, representing securities the Bank has the ability and positive intent to hold until maturity. Securities available for sale are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses (net of tax) excluded from operations and reported in other comprehensive income. Securities held for investment are stated at amortized cost (specific identification). There were no securities held for investment at December 31, 2001 and 2000. The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts is determined by using the level yield method to the earlier of the call or maturity date. Securities are not acquired for purposes of engaging in trading activities. Realized gains and losses from sales of securities are determined using the specific identification method.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR EACH OF THREE YEARS IN THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31,
Summary of Results
The Company reported net income of $18.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2001, a 16.9 percent increase over 2000. Net income was $16.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2000, a 15.4 percent increase over 1999 net income of $14.0 million. The increase in 2001 net income, compared to 2000, primarily reflects higher net interest income and higher non interest income partially offset by a higher provision for loan losses, higher operating expenses, a higher effective tax rate and net losses on security transactions. The increase in 2000 net income, compared to 1999, primarily reflects higher net interest income, higher non interest income and higher securities gains, partially offset by a higher provision for loan losses, higher operating expenses and a higher effective tax rate.
Diluted earnings per share of $3.52 in 2001 increased 15.4 percent over the $3.05 recorded in 2000, while diluted earnings per share increased 13.8 percent in 2000 compared to the $2.68 recorded in 1999, reflecting the higher net income. Prior period per share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the 10 percent stock dividend distributed on December 3, 2001. Return on average equity (excluding the available for sale securities unrealized gain in 2001 and 2000, and loss in 1999) was 18.74 percent in 2001, compared to 18.61 percent in 2000, and 18.60 percent in 1999. Return on average assets (excluding the available for sale securities unrealized gain in 2001 and 2000 and loss in 1999) was 1.43 percent in 2001, compared to 1.32 percent in 2000, and 1.31 percent in 1999.
Net interest income for 2001 rose to $57.4 million, a 23.4 percent increase over the $46.5 million recorded in 2000, while 2000 net interest income increased 12.9 percent compared to the $41.2 million recorded in 1999. The 2001 increase over 2000 was primarily due to a $105.5 million growth in the average balance of interest earning assets, which was in excess of the $48.2 million growth in the average balance of interest bearing liabilities, together with an increase in the tax equivalent basis interest rate margin. The 2000 increase over 1999 was primarily due to a $142.1 million increase in the average balance of interest earning assets,
which was in excess of the $109.2 million growth in the average balance of interest bearing liabilities, partially offset by a narrowing of the tax equivalent basis interest rate margin. In both 2001 and 2000, the increase in interest earning assets was primarily due to growth in loans, the Company's highest yielding asset. The interest rate margin, on a tax equivalent basis, increased in 2001 to 4.89% compared to 4.36% in 2000, which decreased slightly compared to 4.41% in 1999. The increase in 2001 resulted from, in addition to the aforementioned growth in net interest earning assets, a generally faster repricing of certain interest bearing liabilities than that of certain interest earning assets during an extended period of declining interest rates. The slight decrease in 2000 was primarily the result of higher interest rates and a shifting of funding to higher rate deposits and borrowings, which offset the growth in the amount of and yield on interest earning assets. Non interest income, excluding securities gains and losses, for 2001 increased to $2.6 million compared to $1.9 million in 2000, which increased from $1.6 million in 1999. The increases were due to higher service charge income and, in 2001, a $0.8 million increase in the value of interest rate floor contracts. Sales of investment securities resulted in a net loss of $180,000 in 2001 and net gains of $692,000 and $19,000 in 2000 and 1999, respectively. The overall increases in revenues were partially offset by increases in non interest expense of $1.1 million and $2.4 million in 2001 and 2000, respectively, reflecting increases in such expenses as employee salaries and benefits, occupancy and equipment expense and other expenses, as a result of the Company's continuing growth, investment in people, technology, products and branch facilities. The higher effective tax rates in 2001 compared to 2000, and in 2000 compared to 1999, decreased net income in each year from 1999 to 2001. The effective tax rate increased primarily due to the decrease in tax exempt income as a percentage of total interest income and, in 2001, an increase in the statutory federal income tax rate from 34% to 35%.
The Company's total capital ratio under the risk-based capital guidelines exceeds regulatory guidelines of 8 percent, as the total ratio equaled 16.5 percent and 15.6 percent at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The leverage capital ratio was 7.9 percent and 7.3 percent at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES
The following table sets forth the average balances of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities for each of the last three years as well as total interest and corresponding yields and rates. The data contained in the table has been adjusted to a tax equivalent basis, based on the federal statutory rate of 35 percent in 2001 and 34 percent in 2000 and 1999.
- --------------- (1) Excludes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale.
(2) Includes loans classified as non-accrual.
(3) Effect of adjustment to a tax equivalent basis was $3,916, $3,566 and $3,184 for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL
The following table sets forth the dollar amount of changes in interest income, interest expense and net interest income between the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, and the years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999, on a tax equivalent basis.
- --------------- (1) Changes attributable to both rate and volume are allocated between the rate and volume variances based upon their absolute relative weights to the total change.
NET INTEREST INCOME
Net interest income, the difference between interest income and interest expense, is the most significant component of the Company's consolidated earnings. Net interest income of $61.2 million, on a tax equivalent basis, for 2001 reflects a 22.4 percent increase over the $50.0 million for 2000. Net interest income, on a tax equivalent basis, for 2000 reflects an increase of 12.9 percent over the $44.3 million for 1999. Net interest income rose because of the increase in the excess of average interest earning assets over average interest bearing liabilities to $347.7 million in 2001, from $290.4 million in 2000 and $257.5 million in 1999, an increase in the net interest margin for 2001 compared to 2000, and partially offset by a lower interest rate margin for 2000 compared to 1999.
Interest income is determined by the volume of, and related rates earned on, interest earning assets. Volume increases in loans and Federal funds sold, partially offset by lower volume in securities together with sharply lower overall interest rates contributed to only slightly higher interest income in 2001 compared to 2000. Volume increases in securities and loans, together with overall higher interest rates, partially offset by lower volume in Federal funds sold, contributed to the higher interest income in 2000 compared to 1999. Average interest earning assets increased in 2001 to $1,252.4 million from $1,146.9 million in 2000 and from
$1,004.9 million in 1999, reflecting a 9.2 percent and 14.1 percent increase in 2001 and 2000, respectively. The Company's ability to make changes in its asset mix allows management to capitalize on more desirable yields, as available, on various interest earning assets.
Securities are the largest component of interest earning assets. Average total securities, excluding average net unrealized gains in 2001 and losses in 2000 and 1999 on available for sale securities, decreased in 2001 by $20.5 million or 3.0 percent to $667.9 million compared to $688.4 million in 2000, which increased $57.3 million or 9.1 percent compared to $631.1 million in 1999. Total securities, excluding net unrealized gains in 2001 and 2000 and losses in 1999, decreased at December 31, 2001 by $40.3 million or 6.2 percent to $614.4 million compared to $654.7 million at December 31, 2000, which decreased $2.1 million or 0.3 percent compared to December 31, 1999. The decrease in average total securities in 2001 compared to 2000 is offset by an increase in short-term Federal funds. In 2001, due to steadily declining interest rates particularly towards the end of the year, the Company experienced an increase in calls and an acceleration of paydowns in the U.S. agency and mortgage backed securities portfolios. Management has not fully redeployed these additional funds into longer-term instruments due to the current interest rate environment. Therefore, tax equivalent basis interest income on securities decreased in 2001 as a result of both lower volume and lower interest rates. The increase in average total securities in 2000 compared to 1999 was principally due to management's efforts to effectively leverage capital and to balance the risk and liquidity of the total portfolio. Interest rates were generally higher in 2000 than in 1999, therefore, tax equivalent basis interest income on securities increased in 2000 as a result of both higher volume and higher interest rates.
Average net loans increased in 2001 by $113.7 million or 25.5 percent to $560.5 million compared to $446.8 million in 2000, which increased $91.2 million or 25.6 percent compared to $355.6 million in 1999. Net loans increased $94.3 million or 18.6 percent to $600.4 million at December 31, 2001 compared to $506.1 million at December 31, 2000, which increased $93.2 million or 22.6 percent compared to $412.9 million at December 31, 1999. The increases in average net loans in 2001 and 2000 were primarily due to management's greater emphasis on making new loans through more effective market penetration in the Company's primary market. Interest rates were considerably lower in 2001 than in 2000. As a result, interest income on net loans increased in 2001 as a result of higher volume, partially offset by lower interest rates. Interest rates were generally higher in 2000 than in 1999, therefore interest income on net loans increased in 2000 as a result of both higher volume and higher rates.
Interest expense is a function of the volume of and rates paid, for interest bearing liabilities, comprised of deposits and borrowings. Interest expense in 2001 decreased $8.3 million or 20.3 percent to $32.5 million while interest expense in 2000 increased $11.1 million, or 37.5 percent to $40.8 million, compared to $29.7 million in 1999. Average balances of interest bearing liabilities increased in 2001 by $48.2 million or 5.6 percent to $904.7 million compared to $856.5 million in 2000, which increased $109.2 million or 14.6 percent compared to $747.3 million in 1999. The increases in average interest bearing liabilities in 2001 and 2000 were due to increases in interest bearing demand deposits and, excluding brokered certificates of deposit and time deposits of municipalities, which are acquired on a bid basis, increases in time deposits. These increases resulted from growth in existing customer relationships and branches as well as from new relationships, including growth from new branches in the Bronx, New York, opened in 1999, and New Rochelle, New York, opened in 1998. The combined aggregate balances of brokered certificates of deposit, time deposits of municipalities, short-term borrowings and other borrowings also increased in both 2001 and 2000. These increases reflect management's continuing effort to effectively leverage capital. Overall increases in funds were invested in loans, securities or short-term investments. Interest rates paid on average interest bearing liabilities decreased in 2001 compared to 2000 due primarily to a sharply lower interest rate environment. Interest rates paid on average interest bearing liabilities increased in 2000 compared to 1999 due primarily to a generally higher interest rate environment. Therefore, interest expense on average interest bearing liabilities decreased in 2001 due to lower interest rates, partially offset by higher volume. Interest expense in 2000 increased as a result of both higher volume and higher interest rates. The average balance of non interest bearing demand deposits which increased in 2001 to $297.2 million from $255.4 million in 2000, compared to $228.9 million in 1999, is an important component of the Company's liability management and has a direct impact on the determination of net interest income.
The interest rate spread on a tax equivalent basis for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2001 is as follows:
In 2001, the interest rate spread increased primarily due to the fact that the sharply declining interest rate environment experienced throughout the year reduced the average cost of interest bearing liabilities at a faster rate than it reduced the yield on interest earning assets. Increases in loans and non interest demand deposits also contributed to the increase interest rate spread in 2001. In 2000, the interest rate spread decreased due to higher overall rates on interest bearing liabilities which were partially offset by higher yields on interest earning assets and a shifting of funding to higher rate deposits and borrowings. The leveraging of capital generally tends to decrease the interest rate spread, however, it adds net interest income without adding significant operating costs. Management cannot predict what impact market conditions will have on its interest rate spread and future compression in net interest rate spread may occur.
NON INTEREST INCOME
Non interest income for 2001 was $2,431,000 compared to $2,548,000 for 2000. The decrease in non interest income in 2001 compared to 2000 was the result of losses on security transactions partially offset by slightly higher services fees and higher other income. The increase in non interest income in 2000 compared to 1999 was primarily a result of higher securities gains and higher services fees and other income. Non interest income for 2000 increased $949,000 compared to 1999.
Net losses on securities transactions of $180,000 and net gains on securities transactions of $692,000 and $19,000 for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively, principally resulted from the sale of securities to restructure the portfolio, manage cash flow and enhance portfolio yield, and efforts to manage the Company's overall interest rate risk in response to changes in interest rates or changes in composition of the balance sheet.
Service charges increased by 5.8 percent in 2001 and by 7.7 percent in 2000. The increases reflect a higher level of accounts and fees charged.
Other income increased $690,000, or 94.7 percent, to $1,419,000 in 2001 from $729,000 in 2000. Other income increased to $729,000 in 2000 compared to $534,000 in 1999. The increase in other income in 2001 was primarily the result of an increase in the fair value of interest rate floors of $832,000. The increase in 2000 was primarily a result of a gain on the sale of a branch facility which was relocated in 1999.
NON INTEREST EXPENSE
Non interest expense rose to $27.0 million for 2001, or a 4.4 percent increase over the $25.9 million for 2000, compared to a 10.2 percent increase in 2000 over the $23.5 million in 1999. These increases reflect the overall growth of the Company. The Company's efficiency ratio (a lower ratio indicates greater efficiency) which compares non interest expense to total adjusted revenue (taxable equivalent net interest income, plus non interest income, excluding gain or loss on security transactions) was 42.3 percent in 2001, compared to 49.9 percent in 2000 and 51.2 percent in 1999.
Salaries and employee benefits, the largest component of non interest expense, rose 3.3 percent in 2001 to $15.3 million, compared to a 15.1 percent increase in 2000 to $14.8 million from $12.8 million for 1999. The Company opened one new branch in 1999, resulting in increased staff. The increases in both 2001 and 2000 also reflected the cost of additional personnel necessary for the Bank to accommodate the growth in both deposits and loans, the expansion of services and products available to customers, increases in the number of customer relationships, and annual merit increases. Increases in salaries and employee benefits in both 2001 and 2000 were also attributable to incentive compensation programs and other benefit plans necessary to be competitive in attracting and retaining high quality and experienced personnel, as well as higher costs associated with related payroll taxes.
Occupancy expense was essentially unchanged in 2001 compared to 2000. Occupancy expense was $2.3 million in 2000, a 10.8 percent increase over 1999. The increases in 2000 compared to 1999 was due to a full year of expenses for the branches opened in the prior years.
Professional services decreased 13.6 percent to $2.2 million in 2001 from $2.6 million in 2000, which was a 27.3 percent increase from $2.0 million for 1999. The year 2000 professional services were higher than in 2001 or 1999 due to additional professionals engaged to assist with first-time filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and also due to professionals engaged to perform a customer satisfaction survey.
Equipment expense increased 9.5 percent to $1.9 million in 2001 from $1.7 million in 2000, which was a 8.1 percent decrease from $1.9 million in 1999. The increase in 2001 reflected the early retirement of certain equipment. The decrease in 2000 was primarily a result of lower equipment related expenses than in 1999, which included expenses related to the opening of a new branch.
Business development expense increased 18.0 percent to $1,119,000 in 2001 from $948,000 in 2000, which was a 6.3 percent decrease over $1,012,000 in 1999. The increase in 2001 compared to 2000 reflected costs associated with increased general promotion of products and services as well as expanded business development efforts. The decrease in 2000 as compared to 1999 resulted from expenses in 1999 to promote a new branch.
FDIC assessment increased to $166,000 for 2001 compared to $165,000 for 2000 and $81,000 for 1999. The increases primarily resulted from increases in the Bank's deposits subject to FDIC assessment as well as a general increase in the overall assessment rate in 2000.
Other operating expenses, as reflected in the following table, increased 17.7 percent in 2001 and decreased 4.9 percent in 2000.
The 2001 increases reflect higher outside service fees, higher customer service related expenses including communications and courier expenses, higher other loan expenses including credit checking expense, and higher other expense, all related to growth in customers, growth in business activities and increases in charitable contributions. The 2001 decreases reflect a reduction in the estimates of net costs of certain life insurance programs, lower stationary and printing costs, and a reduction in dues and seminar expense due to a reduced participation in such events.
The 2000 increases reflect higher outside service fees, including computer program licensing fees, higher customer service related expenses including communications and courier expenses, and higher dues, meetings and conventions expenses all related to growth in customers and business activity. The 2000 decreases reflect reduction in the estimates of net cost of certain life insurance programs, lower stationary and printing due to higher prior year cost connected with a new branch opening, and lower other loan expenses, principally due to reduced costs associated with other real estate owned ("OREO").
To monitor and control the amount of non interest expenses, as well as non interest income, the Company continually monitors the system of internal budgeting, including analysis and follow up of budget variances.
INCOME TAXES
Income taxes of $9,495,000, $5,825,000 and $4,644,000 were recorded in 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. The Company is currently subject to a statutory incremental Federal tax rate of 35 percent (34 percent for the first $10 million of taxable income), a New York State tax rate of 8.5 percent (9 percent in 2000), plus a 17 percent surcharge and a New York City tax rate of 9 percent. The Company's overall effective tax rate was 33.5 percent, 26.5 percent and 24.9 percent in 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. The increase in the overall effective tax rates for 2001 and 2000 primarily reflects higher federal taxes and a decrease in tax exempt interest income as a percentage of total interest income. Other pertinent tax information is set forth in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere herein.
FINANCIAL CONDITION AT DECEMBER 31, 2001 AND 2000
Securities Portfolio
Securities are selected to provide safety of principal, liquidity, pledging capabilities (to collateralize certain deposits and borrowings), income and to leverage capital. The Company's investment strategy focuses on maximizing income while providing for safety of principal, maintaining appropriate utilization of capital, providing adequate liquidity to meet loan demand or deposit outflows and to manage overall interest rate risk. The Company selects individual securities whose credit, cash flow, maturity and interest rate characteristics, in the aggregate, effect the stated strategies.
The securities portfolio consists of securities available for sale totaling $624.2 million, $655.0 million and $635.0 million and FHLB stock totaling $10.5 million, $9.5 million and $9.4 million at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
In accordance with SFAS No. 115, the Bank's investment policies include a determination of the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. If management has the intent and ability to hold securities until maturity, they are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost. Securities held for indefinite periods of time and not intended to be held-to-maturity include the securities management intends to use as part of its asset/liability strategy and liquidity management and the securities that may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, resultant prepayment risks, liquidity demands and other factors. Such securities are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value. All securities have been classified as available for sale at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999.
Securities represent 53.3 percent, 60.0 percent and 62.8 percent of average interest earning assets in 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. Emphasis on the securities portfolio will continue to be an important part of the Company's investment strategy. The size of the securities portfolio will depend on loan and deposit growth, the level of capital and the Company's ability to take advantage of leveraging opportunities.
The following table sets forth the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and the estimated fair value of securities classified as available for sale at December 31:
2001 (000'S)
2000 (000'S)
1999 (000'S)
The following table presents the amortized cost of securities available for sale at December 31, 2001, distributed based on contractual maturity or earlier call date for securities expected to be called, and weighted average yields computed on a tax equivalent basis. Mortgage-backed securities which may have principal prepayments are distributed to a maturity category based on estimated average lives. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Obligations of U.S. Treasury and government agencies principally include U.S. Treasury securities and debentures and notes issued by the FHLB, the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"). The total balances held of such securities was $106.8 million, $223.2 million and $187.8 million at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. The December 31, 2001 balance decreased $116.4 million resulting from $106.1 million in purchases, and other increases of $3.9 million, offset by $178.6 million of maturities and calls and sales of $47.8 million. The December 31, 2000 balance increased $35.4 million, resulting from $40.9 million in purchases and other increases of $10.1 million offset by $10.0 million of maturities and calls and sales of $5.7 million. For both 2001 and 2000, purchases consisted primarily of callable U.S. government agency bonds and mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies that offered attractive yields. The calls resulted from generally lower interest rates at the time of the calls. The sales were conducted as part of the Company's ongoing portfolio management.
The Company invests in mortgage-backed securities, including collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), that are primarily issued by the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), FNMA, FHLMC and, to a lesser extent, such securities issued by others. GNMA securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, assuring investors of receiving all of the principal and interest due from the mortgages backing the securities. FNMA and FHLMC guarantee the payment of interest at the applicable certificate rate and the full collection of the mortgages backing the securities; however, such securities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. At December 31, 2001 and 2000, the Company held $12.8 million of mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers who have "AAA" ratings issued by Standard and Poors, a nationally recognized credit rating organization.
Mortgage-backed securities, including CMO's, increased $72.0 million to $352.8 million and decreased $29.1 million to $280.8 million at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, as compared to the $309.9 million at December 31, 1999. The increase for 2001 results from purchases of $179.8 million and other increases of $3.8 million, offset by principal paydowns of $111.6 million. The decrease for 2000 was due to purchases of $52.3 million, gain on sales of $0.5 million and other increases of $7.8 million that were offset by principal paydowns and redemptions of $53.2 million and sales of $36.5 million.
During 2001, purchases of fixed rate mortgage-backed securities totaling $157.4 million and other increases of $0.3 million were partially offset by principal paydowns of $89.7 million. During 2001, purchases of adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities totaling $22.4 million and other increases of $0.8 million were partially offset by principal paydowns of $21.9 million.
During 2000, purchases of fixed rate mortgage-backed securities totaling $46.0 million, gains on sales of $0.5 million and other increases of $6.7 million were offset by sales of $36.5 million and principal paydowns and redemptions of $43.8 million. During 2000, purchases of adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities totaling $6.3 million and other increases of $1.1 million were offset by principal paydowns of $9.4 million. The sales in 2000 were transacted to take advantage of market opportunities to restructure the portfolio as part of the Company's ongoing portfolio management.
The outstanding balances in obligations of states and political subdivisions at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 were $159.5 million, $147.4 million and $132.9 million, respectively. The December 31, 2001 balance increased $12.1 million resulting from purchases of $27.2 million, and other increases of $0.3 million offset by maturities of $15.4 million. The December 2000 balance increased $14.5 million resulting from purchases of $27.8 million gains on sales of $0.1 million and other increases of $4.1 million offset by maturities of $15.6 million and sales of $1.8 million. The sales were conducted as part of the Company's ongoing portfolio management. The obligations at year end 2001 were comprised of approximately 66 percent for New York State political subdivisions and 34 percent for a variety of other states and their subdivisions all with diversified final maturities. The Company considers such securities to have favorable tax equivalent yields and further utilizes such securities for their favorable income tax treatment.
The Company invests in FHLB stock and other securities which are rated with an investment grade by nationally recognized credit rating organizations. As a matter of policy, the Company invests in non-rated securities, on a limited basis, when the Company is able to satisfy itself as to the credit. These non-rated securities outstanding at December 31, 2001 totaled approximately $6.9 million comprised primarily of obligations of municipalities located within the Company's market area. The Bank, as a member of the FHLB, invests in stock of the FHLB as a prerequisite to obtaining funding under various advance programs offered by the FHLB. The Bank must purchase additional shares of FHLB stock to obtain increases in such borrowings.
The Company continues to exercise a conservative approach to investing by purchasing high credit quality investments with various maturities and cash flows to provide for liquidity needs and prudent asset liability management. The Company's security portfolio provides for a significant source of income, liquidity and is utilized in managing Company-wide interest rate risk. These securities are used to collateralize borrowings and deposits to the extent required or permitted by law. Therefore, the securities portfolio is an integral part of the Company's funding strategy.
Except for securities of the U.S. Treasury and government agencies, there were no obligations of any single issuer which exceeded ten percent of stockholders' equity at December 31, 2001.
LOAN PORTFOLIO
Real Estate Loans: Real estate loans are comprised primarily of loans collateralized by interim and permanent commercial mortgages, construction mortgages and residential mortgages including home equity loans. The Bank originates these loans primarily for its portfolio, although a significant portion of its residential real estate loans, in addition to meeting the Bank's underwriting criteria, comply with nationally recognized underwriting criteria ("conforming loans") and can be sold in the secondary market.
Commercial real estate loans are offered by the Bank generally on a fixed or variable rate basis with 5 year terms and, exceptionally, up to 10 year terms. Amortizations generally range up to 25 years.
In underwriting commercial real estate loans, the Bank evaluates both the prospective borrower's ability to make timely payments on the loan and the value of the property securing the loan. The Bank generally utilizes licensed or certified appraisers, previously approved by the Bank, to determine the estimated value of the property. Commercial mortgages are generally underwritten for up to 75% of the value of the property depending on the type of the property. The Bank generally requires lease assignments where applicable. Repayment of such loans may be negatively impacted should the borrower default or should there be a substantial decline in the value of the property securing the loan, or a decline in general economic conditions.
Where the owner occupies the property, the Bank also evaluates the business's ability to repay the loan on a timely basis. In addition, the Bank may require personal guarantees, lease assignments or the guarantee of the operating company when the property is owner occupied. These types of loans are often for larger amounts than other types of loans made by the Bank and may involve greater risks than other types of lending. Because payments on such loans are often dependent upon the successful operation of the business involved, repayment of such loans may be negatively impacted by adverse changes in economic conditions.
Construction loans are short-term loans (generally up to 24 months) secured by land for both residential and commercial development. The loans are generally made for acquisition and improvements. Funds are disbursed as phases of construction are completed. The majority of these loans are made with variable rates of interest, although some fixed rate financing is provided on residential property. The loan amount is generally limited to 75% of value. Most non-residential construction loans require pre-approved permanent financing or pre-leasing with the Bank providing the permanent financing. The Bank does not generally fund construction loans for single family homes or commercial real estate built by investors until the builder has a firm sales contract for the building to be constructed, although in certain projects, model homes may be financed within the overall site improvement financing. Repayment of such loans may be negatively impacted by the builders' inability to complete construction, by a downturn in the new construction market, by a significant increase in interest rates or by a decline in general economic conditions.
Residential real estate loans are offered by the Bank with terms of up to 30 years and loan to value ratios of up to 95%. However, for loan to value ratios in excess of 80%, the Bank generally requires private mortgage insurance. The Bank offers fixed and adjustable rate loans. Adjustable rate loans generally have a fixed rate for the first 3, 5 or 7 years and then convert to an annual adjustable rate, generally based upon the applicable constant maturity U.S. Treasury securities index plus 2.5% to 3.0%. These adjustable rate loans generally provide for a maximum annual change in the rate of 2% with an interest rate ceiling over the life of the loan. Fixed rate loans are generally underwritten to Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. guidelines that allow for the sale of such loans in the secondary market. Repayment of such loans may be negatively impacted should the borrower default, should there be a significant decline in the value of the property securing the loan or should there be a decline in general economic conditions.
The Bank offers a home equity line of credit subject to a limit of $500,000 with a maximum combined loan to value ratio of 80%. The interest rate for the first year is the Bank's prime rate, with the rate changing to prime plus 1% for the remaining term of the loan. The loan has a term of 25 years with the first 10 years structured as a line of credit with payments of interest only, with the loan converting to a fully amortizing term loan for the remaining 15 years. The borrower pays all costs associated with originating this loan. There are no prepayment penalties. The Bank also offers a home secured loan subject to a limit of $100,000 with a maximum combined loan to value ratio of 80%. The loan has a 15 year term with a fixed rate of interest. The Bank pays the costs associated with originating this loan and requires a prepayment penalty during the first three years of the loan.
Commercial and Industrial Loans: The Bank's commercial and industrial loan portfolio consists primarily of commercial business loans and lines of credit to small and medium sized businesses and professionals. These loans are usually made to finance the purchase of inventory, new or used equipment or other short or long-term working capital purposes. These loans are generally secured but are also offered on an unsecured basis. These loans generally have variable rates of interest. Commercial loans, for the purpose of purchasing equipment and/or inventory, are usually written for the terms of 1 to 5 years with, exceptionally, a 7 year term. In granting this type of loan, the Bank primarily looks to the borrower's cash flow as the source of repayment with collateral and personal guarantees, where obtained, as a secondary source. The Bank generally requires a debt service coverage ratio of at least 125%. The Bank is an approved Small Business Administration (SBA) lender and offers a variety of SBA products. Commercial loans are often larger and may involve greater risks than other types of loans offered by the Bank. Payments on such loans are often dependent upon the successful operation of the underlying business involved and, therefore, repayment of such loans may be negatively impacted by adverse changes in economic conditions, management's inability to effectively manage the business, claims of others against the borrower's assets which may take priority over the Bank's claims against assets, death or disability of the borrower or loss of market for the borrower's products or services.
Loans to Individuals and Leasing: The Bank offers installment loans and reserve lines of credit to individuals. Installment loans are limited to $50,000 and lines of credit are limited to $5,000. These loans have 5 year terms with fixed or variable rates of interest. The rate of interest is dependent on the term of the loan and the type of collateral. The Bank does not place an emphasis on originating these types of loans.
In March 2000, the Company ended its participation, which began in 1998, in an automobile leasing program due to the sale of the company that originated and serviced the leases and resulting changes to various aspects of the program. The balance of $17.7 million of such leases at December 31, 2001 will continue to decline as repayments of existing leases continue. The Company has not determined if it will seek to participate in a similar program in the future.
During the fourth quarter of 2000, the Company began originating lease financing transactions. These transactions are primarily conducted with businesses, professionals and not-for-profit organizations and provide financing principally for office equipment, telephone systems, computer systems and other special use equipment. The terms vary depending on the equipment being leased, but are generally 3 to 5 years. The interest rate is dependent on the term of the lease, the type of collateral, and the overall credit of the customer.
During 2001, average net loans increased $113.8 million to $560.6 million, and increased $91.2 million in 2000 to $446.8 million, as compared to $355.6 million in 1999. At December 31, 2001, gross loans increased $97.6 million or 19.1 percent to $609.9 million, compared to $512.3 million at December 31, 2000, which increased $93.9 million, or 22.4 percent compared to $312.2 million at December 31, 1999. This growth in gross loans resulted primarily from:
- Increases during 2001 and 2000 of $29.1 million and $27.9 million, respectively, in commercial real estate mortgages, due primarily to increased activity and greater market penetration,
- Increases in construction loans of $19.6 million and $6.4 million, respectively, resulting from a greater emphasis on this product including an expanded offering and focused marketing,
- Increases in residential real estate mortgages of $19.4 million and $27.5 million, respectively, primarily as a result of increased activity, particularly during 2000,
- Increases in commercial and industrial loans of $30.0 million and $33.3 million, respectively, primarily due to increased activity and a greater emphasis on this product with resulting increased market penetration,
- A decrease of $1.7 million and $2.6 million, respectively, in lease financings resulting from the participation in an automobile leasing program beginning in late 1998 and discontinued in March 2000, and
- Increases in loans to individuals of $1.2 million and $1.4 million, respectively.
Major classifications of loans, including loans held for sale, at December 31 are as follows:
The Company's primary lending emphasis is for loans to businesses and developers, primarily in the form of commercial real estate mortgages, construction loans, and commercial and industrial loans, including lines of credit. The Company will continue to emphasize these types of loans, which have increased significantly during both 2001 and 2000, and which enable the Company to meet the borrowing needs of businesses in the communities it serves. These loans are made at both fixed rates of interest and variable or floating rates of interest, generally based upon the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal. At December 31, 2001, the Company had total gross loans with fixed rates of interest of $355.1 million, or 58.2 percent, and total gross loans with variable or floating rates of interest of $254.8 million, or 41.8 percent, as compared to $318.9 million or 62.2 percent of fixed rate loans and $193.4 million or 37.8 percent of variable or floating rate loans at December 31, 2000.
At December 31, 2001 and 2000, the Company had approximately $130.2 million and $114.6 million, respectively, of committed but unissued lines of credit, commercial mortgages, construction loans and commercial and industrial loans.
The following table presents the maturities of loans outstanding at December 31, 2001 excluding loans to individuals, real estate mortgages (other than construction loans) and lease financings, and the amount of such loans by maturity date that have pre-determined interest rates and the amounts that have floating or adjustable rates.
It is the Company's policy to discontinue the accrual of interest on loans when, in the opinion of management, a reasonable doubt exists as to the timely collectibility of the amounts due. Regulatory requirements generally prohibit the accrual of interest on certain loans when principal or interest is due and remains unpaid for 90 days or more, unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection.
The following table summarizes the Company's non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing, restructured loans, OREO and related interest income not recorded on non-accrual loans as of and for the year ended December 31:
At December 31, 2001, the Company had no commitments to lend additional funds to customers with non-accrual or restructured loan balances. Non-accrual loans decreased in 2001 to $3.5 million and increased in 2000 to $4.6 million, from $3.9 million in 1999. Net income is adversely impacted by the level of non- performing assets caused by the deterioration of the borrowers' ability to meet scheduled interest and principal payments. In addition to forgone revenue, the Company must increase the level of provision for loan losses, incur higher collection costs and other costs associated with the management and disposition of foreclosed properties.
At December 31, 2001, loans that aggregated approximately $2.4 million, which are not on non-accrual status, were potential problem loans that may result in their being placed on non-accrual status in the future.
There were no restructured loans considered to be impaired at December 31, 2001 or 2000. Restructured loans in the amount of $323,000 at December 31, 1999 were considered to be impaired due to a reduction in the contractual interest rate, were on accrual status since the collateral securing these loans is sufficient to protect the contractual principal and interest of the restructured loans.
In accordance with SFAS No. 114, which establishes the accounting treatment of impaired loans, loans that are within the scope of SFAS No. 114 totaling $2.5 million, $2.1 million and $3.0 million at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively, have been measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral since these loans are all collateral dependent. The total allowance for loan losses specifically allocated to impaired loans was $807,000, $125,000 and $57,000 at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. The average recorded investment in impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 was approximately $2.3 million, $2.2 million and $1.7 million, respectively. No income was recorded on impaired loans during the portion of the year that they were impaired.
ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES AND PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES
Allowance for Loan Losses
The Bank maintains an allowance for loan losses to absorb losses inherent in the loan portfolio based on ongoing quarterly assessments of the estimated losses. The Bank's methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance consists of several key components, which include a specific allowance for identified problem loans, a formula allowance, and an unallocated allowance. The specific allowance incorporates the results of measuring impaired loans as provided in SFAS No. 114, "Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan," and SFAS No. 118, "Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan -- Income Recognition and Disclosures." These accounting standards prescribe the measurement methods, income recognition and disclosures related to impaired loans.
The formula allowance is calculated by applying loss factors to outstanding loans by type, excluding loans for which a specific allowance has been determined. Loss factors are based on historical loss experience. New
loan types, for which there has been no historical loss experience, as explained further below, is one of the considerations in determining the appropriateness of the unallocated allowance.
The appropriateness of the unallocated allowance is reviewed by management based upon its evaluation of then-existing economic and business conditions affecting the key lending areas of the Bank and other conditions, such as new loan products, credit quality trends (including trends in nonperforming loans expected to result from existing conditions), collateral values, loan volumes and concentrations, specific industry conditions within portfolio segments that existed as of the balance sheet date and the impact that such conditions were believed to have had on the collectibility of the loan portfolio. Senior management reviews these conditions quarterly. Management's evaluation of the loss related to these conditions is reflected in the unallocated allowance. The evaluation of the inherent loss with respect to these conditions is subject to a higher degree of uncertainty because they are not identified with specific problem credits or portfolio segments.
A summary of the components of the allowance for loan losses, changes in the components and the impact of charge-offs/recoveries on the resulting provision/credit for loan losses for the dates indicated is as follows:
The changes in the specific component of the allowance for loan losses are the result of our analysis of impaired loans and our determination of the amount required to reduce the carrying amount of such loans to estimated fair value.
The changes in the formula component of the allowance for loan losses are the result of the application of historical loss experience to outstanding loans by type. Loss experience for each year is based upon average charge-off experience for the prior three year period by loan type.
The changes in the unallocated component of the allowance for loan losses are the result of management's consideration of other relevant factors affecting loan collectibility. Due to the inherent uncertainty in the process, management does not attempt to quantify separate amounts for each of the conditions considered in estimating the unallocated component of the allowance. Management periodically adjusted the unallocated component to an amount that, when considered with the specific and formula components, represented its best
estimate of probable losses in the loan portfolio as of each balance sheet date. The following factors affected the changes in the unallocated component of the allowance for loan losses each year:
- Economic and business conditions -- The decline in the economy during the year ended December 31, 2001 as evidenced by increased unemployment and increased bankruptcy filings throughout the country and in the Company's market area and the sudden and unprecedented destruction of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 has, in management's judgement, caused a slowdown in economic and business activity within the Company's primary market, caused a softening in demand for commercial real estate, which has negatively impacted valuations of the Company's primary collateral for loans, and has created greater uncertainty regarding the ability of borrowers to repay their loans. Therefore, consideration of events that trigger economic uncertainty is a part of the determination of the unallocated component of the allowance.
- Concentration -- Net loans increased by $94.3 million to $600.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2001 from $506.1 million as of December 31, 2000. This represented 43.7 percent of total assets as of December 31, 2001, up from 39.2 percent as of the prior year-end. Although the concentration in commercial real estate decreased to 34.6 percent of total loans as of December 31, 2001 from 35.5 percent as of the prior year-end, commercial loans increased $29.1 million. Concentration in construction loans increased to 8.6 percent of total loans as of December 31, 2001 from 6.4 percent as of the prior year-end, an increase of $19.6 million. These increases have created greater exposure to volatility in real estate values in a limited geographic area. Increases in such concentrations are not reflected in the formula component of the allowance due to the lag caused by using three-year historical losses in determining the loss factors. Therefore, consideration of increases in concentrations is a part of the determination of the unallocated component of the allowance.
- Credit Quality -- Non accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more were $3.7 million after net loan charge-offs for the year of $1.2 million. Certain other loans are also considered in connection with the analysis of impaired loans performed to determine the specific component of the allowance. However, due to the uncertainty of that determination, such loans are also considered in the process of determining the unallocated component of the allowance. The increase in charge-off experience will result in future increases of the formula component of the allowance.
- New loan products -- The Bank began financing business equipment leases during the last quarter of 2000. Any probable losses with respect to business equipment leases are not reflected in the formula component of the allowance for loan losses since there is no loss history.
As a result of our detailed review process and consideration of the identified relevant factors, management determined that an increase in the unallocated component of the allowance of $2.4 million reflects our best estimate of probable losses which have been incurred as of December 31, 2001.
- Concentration -- Concentration in commercial and industrial loans increased to 21.6 percent of the portfolio from 18.5 percent at the prior year end, an increase of $33.3 million. These types of loans generally have a higher degree of risk than other types of loans which the Bank makes since the repayment of the loans is largely dependent on the borrowers' ability to successfully operate their businesses. An increase in such concentration, and the associated increase in risk, is not reflected in the formula component of the allowance due to the lag caused by using three year historical losses in determining the loss factors. Therefore, consideration of increases in concentration is a part of the determination of the unallocated component of the allowance.
- Credit quality -- Non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more increased by $0.9 million. Certain of the loans are also considered in connection with the analysis of impaired loans performed to determine the specific component of the allowance. However, due to the uncertainty of that
determination, such loans are also considered in the process of determining the unallocated component of the allowance.
- Change in underwriting criteria -- The Bank increased its loan to value ratio guidelines on all loans secured by real estate (except for loans secured by 1-4 family residential real estate) to remain competitive for such loans.
- New loan products -- The Bank began financing business equipment leases during the period. Any probable losses with respect to business equipment leases are not reflected in the formula component of the allowance for loan losses since there is no loss history.
- Economic and business conditions -- Increasing interest rates negatively affected the general ability of borrowers to repay their loans.
As a result of our detailed review process and consideration of the identified relevant factors, management determined that an increase in the unallocated component of the allowance of $1.2 million reflects our best estimate of probable losses which have been incurred as of December 31, 2000.
- Concentration -- The Bank's concentration in construction loans increased to 6.3 percent of the portfolio from 3.9 percent of the portfolio at the end of the prior year, an increase of $14.2 million. The Bank has had no charge-offs of such loans during the past three years, and therefore, there is no formula component of the allowance for loan losses for construction loans.
- Credit quality -- Non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more increased by $2.0 million. Other loans aggregating approximately $2.5 million, which are not in a non-accrual status, were identified at December 31, 1999 as potential problem loans. An analysis of impaired loans is performed to determine the specific component of the allowance. However, due to the uncertainty of that determination such loans are also considered in the process of determining the unallocated component of the allowance.
- New loan products -- Automobile lease financing, with which the Bank has no historical loss experience, increased by $20.1 million. Any probable losses with respect to automobile lease financing are not reflected in the formula component of the allowance for loan losses since there is no loss history.
The Bank introduced an SBA loan product, and hired an employee designated to originate such loans. While the Bank has made several SBA loans in the past, this new emphasis is designed to aggressively increase these types of loans. While these loans contain a guarantee from the SBA for a major portion of the loan, there is increased exposure due to the credit profile of the businesses that generally obtain such loans. In addition, the Bank's general lack of familiarity with such loans, including the extensive documentation and compliance process that, if deficient, could void the SBA guarantee, adds to increased risk.
- Geographic expansion -- The Bank made construction loans on Long Island, New York, a geographic area with which the Bank has little experience. In addition, the Bank established a physical presence in Bronx County, New York, through the opening of a full service branch and, as a result, expanded its general lending activities in a new market.
- Increase in Loans to One Borrower limits -- The Bank increased its lending limits to select customers to as high as the Bank's legal lending limit. This increased the Bank's exposure to certain customers and increased concentrations to certain customers.
- Economic and business conditions -- Increasing collateral values resulting from a favorable real estate market were partially offset by the effect of increasing interest rates on the general ability of borrowers to repay their loans.
As a result of our detailed review process and consideration of the identified relevant factors, management determined that an increase in the unallocated component of the allowance of $841,000 reflects our best estimate of probable losses which have been incurred as of December 31, 1999.
- Credit quality -- Non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more decreased by $1.1 million. Certain of the loans are also considered in connection with the analysis of impaired loans performed to determine the specific component of the allowance. However, due to the uncertainty of that determination such loans are also considered in the process of determining the unallocated component of the allowance.
- New loan products -- The Bank introduced limited new loan products during 1998.
- Economic and business conditions -- Declining interest rates increased the general ability of borrowers to repay their loans.
As a result of our detailed review process and consideration of the identified relevant factors, management determined that a decrease in the unallocated component of the allowance of $415,000 reflects our best estimate of probable losses which have been incurred as of December 31, 1998.
- Concentrations -- Concentration in commercial real estate loans increased to 39.9 percent of the portfolio from 35.6 percent at the end of the prior year, an increase of $22.2 million. This increased the Bank's exposure to volatility in real estate values within a limited geographic area. An increase in such concentration, and the associated increase in risk, is not reflected in the formula component of the allowance due to the lag caused by using three year historical losses in determining the loss factors. Therefore, consideration of increases in concentration is a part of the determination of the unallocated component of the allowance.
- Credit quality -- Non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more increased by $540,000. Certain of the loans are also considered in connection with the analysis of impaired loans performed to determine the specific component of the allowance. However, due to the uncertainty of that determination, such loans are also considered in the process of determining the unallocated component of the allowance.
- New loan products -- The Bank expanded its lending efforts to not-for-profit organizations increasing the aggregate outstanding amounts of these loan types to approximately $37.7 million at December 31, 1997 from approximately $30.7 million at the end of 1996. These efforts increased the Bank's exposure to credit risk due to the larger loan amounts to borrowers for these loan types, an expanded geographic area within which the Bank would make these loans and the lack of personal guarantees on most loans to not-for-profit organizations. The lack of personal guarantees for these borrowers represented a departure from the Bank's standard underwriting criteria for other loan products.
- Change in underwriting criteria -- The Bank increased its secured lending limits from $2.0 million per transaction to $3.0 million in an effort to more aggressively grow the loan portfolio. Further, the Bank raised its loan to value ratios for loans secured by real estate from 60% to as much as 70% on a loan specific basis.
- Expansion of transaction lending -- The Bank historically has made loans to customers with whom a deposit relationship existed. In conjunction with the new loan products introduced, the Bank also expanded its marketing to non-customers on a transaction basis. This increased the Bank's exposure due to the lack of familiarity with certain borrowers with whom no previous relationship existed.
- Economic and business conditions -- General economic conditions did not significantly impact the determination of the unallocated component of the allowance for loan losses because there was no significant change in interest rates or other economic factors that, in management's judgement, impacted the collectibility of the portfolio.
As a result of our detailed review process and consideration of the identified relevant factors, management determined that an increase in the unallocated component of the allowance of $1.3 million reflects our best estimate of probable losses which have been incurred as of December 31, 1997.
A summary of the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, is as follows:
The distribution of our allowance for loan losses at the dates indicated is summarized as follows:
Actual losses can vary significantly from the estimated amounts. The Bank's methodology permits adjustments to the allowance in the event that, in management's judgment, significant factors which affect the collectibility of the loan portfolio as of the evaluation date have changed. By assessing the estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis, the Bank is able to adjust specific and inherent loss estimates based upon any more recent information that has become available.
Management believes the allowance for loan losses is the best estimate of probable losses which have been incurred as of December 31, 2001. There is no assurance that the Company will not be required to make future adjustments to the allowance in response to changing economic conditions or regulatory examinations. During 1999, the FDIC, and during 1998, the New York State Banking Department, completed examinations of the Bank. In 1999, the Federal Reserve completed an off-site examination of the Company. The regulatory agencies concluded that the process of internal asset review and the allowance for loan losses were adequate.
Provision for Loan Losses
The Bank recorded a provision for loan losses of $4,380,000 during 2001, compared to $1,144,000 during 2000 and $600,000 during 1999. The provision for loan losses is charged to income to bring the Bank's allowance for loan losses to a level deemed appropriate by management based on the factors previously discussed under "Allowance for Loan Losses."
DEPOSITS
The Company's fundamental source of funds supporting interest earning assets is deposits, consisting of non interest bearing demand deposits, checking with interest, money market, savings and various forms of time deposits. The maintenance of a strong deposit base is key to the development of lending opportunities and creates long term customer relationships, which enhance the ability to cross sell services. Depositors include various sized businesses, professionals, not-for-profits, municipalities and individuals. To meet the requirements of a diverse customer base, a full range of deposit instruments are offered, which has allowed the Company to maintain and expand its deposit base despite intense competition from other banking institutions and non-bank financial service providers.
The following table presents a summary of deposits at December 31:
At December 31, 2001 and 2000, certificates of deposits and other time deposits of $100,000 or more totaled $155.7 million and $288.1 million, respectively. At December 31, 2001, such deposits classified by time remaining to maturity were as follows:
Total deposits at December 31, 2001 increased 1.0 percent to $888.4 million, from $879.6 million at December 31, 2000, an increase of 16.5 percent from $754.8 million at the end of 1999. Average deposits outstanding increased 3.6 percent in 2001 and 16.5 percent in 2000. Excluding municipal CD's, which are acquired on a bid basis, total deposits increased 15.7 percent and 16.4 percent, and average deposits increased 9.4 percent and 14.1 percent in 2001 and 2000, respectively.
Average non interest bearing deposits increased 16.4 percent or $41.8 million for 2001 compared to 2000, and 11.6 percent or $26.5 million in 2000 compared to 1999, due to the Company's continuing emphasis on developing this funding source. Average interest bearing deposits in 2001 decreased $11.3 million, reflecting increases in money market accounts, consumer time deposits and savings account offset by decreases in time deposits of $100,000 or more. Average interest bearing deposits in 2000, increased $94.9 million, reflecting increases in all deposit categories except savings.
Average balances in money market deposits increased $6.4 million in 2001 and $19.0 million in 2000, due principally to increased account activity by customers and due to increased deposits from municipal customers.
Checking with interest average deposits decreased slightly by $0.4 million in 2001 primarily due to lower volume experienced during an extended period of sharply lower interest rates and increased $3.7 million in 2000 due to increased activity by customers and the addition of new customer relationships through business development efforts.
Average savings deposit balances remained relatively stable, increasing $1.5 million and decreasing $1.4 million in 2001 and 2000, respectively.
In general, deposit rates in 2001 decreased from 2000 due to a lower interest rate environment.
Time deposits of over $100,000, including municipal CD's, decreased $132.4 million and increased $61.1 million in 2001 and 2000, respectively. Municipal CD's are used to expand or maintain lower cost municipal deposits, fund securities purchases and for capital leveraging. These CD's are primarily short termed and acquired on a bid basis. Time deposits over $100,000 from other customers decreased in 2001 by $102.5 million over 2000 and increased $49.5 million in 2000 compared to 1999 principally due to the more attractive rates as compared to other deposit products. Time deposits of over $100,000 generally have maturities of 7 to 180 days and are acquired to fund loans and securities, and to leverage capital under the Company's asset liability policy by matching such funds with investments and loan production in excess of other deposit growth.
The Company also utilizes wholesale borrowings, brokered deposits and other sources of funds interchangeably with time deposits in excess of $100,000 depending upon availability and rates paid for such funds at any point in time. Due to the generally short maturity of these fundings, the Company can experience higher volatility of interest margins during periods of both rising and declining interest rates. The Company does not generally acquire brokered deposits.
The following table summarizes the average amounts and rates of various classifications of deposits for the periods indicated:
BORROWINGS
Borrowings with original maturities of one year or less totaled $143.5 million and $197.9 million at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Such short-term borrowings consisted of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and borrowings from the FHLB and other correspondent banks. Other borrowings totaled $209.2 million and $88.0 million at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, consisting of borrowings from the FHLB with stated maturities of ten years and 1 to 4 year call options.
Interest expense on all borrowings totaled $14.1 million, $15.0 million and $12.2 million in 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. The following table summarizes the average balances, weighted average interest rates
and the maximum month-end outstanding amounts of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and FHLB borrowings for each of the years:
In addition, at December 31, 2001, the Bank had available unused lines of credit of $120 million from FHLB, and $25 million from correspondent banks. Also, the Bank has $100 million in available borrowings under Retail CD Agreements with two major investment banking firms, all of which are subject to various terms and conditions.
CAPITAL RESOURCES
Stockholders' equity increased to $113.3 million or 21.4 percent at December 31, 2001 from $93.3 million at December 31, 2000, which was an increase of 36.7 percent from $68.3 million at December 31, 1999. In each year, stockholders' equity was increased by record net income and the exercise of stock options, offset by cash dividends of $6.4 million and $5.2 million in 2001 and 2000, respectively, and repurchases of outstanding shares of stock. Stockholders' equity also increased by $5.5 million at December 31, 2001 and increased by $13.1 million at December 31, 2000 as a result of the effect of the net unrealized gains on securities available for sale, net of tax.
The Company paid its first cash dividend in 1996, and the Board of Directors authorized a quarterly cash dividend policy in the first quarter of 1998. The Bank's payment of dividends to the Company, the Company's primary source of funds, is subject to limitation by federal and state regulators based on such factors as the maintenance of adequate capital, which could reduce the amount of dividends otherwise payable. See "Business -- Supervision and Regulation."
The various components and changes in stockholders' equity are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 included elsewhere herein.
Management believes that future retained earnings will provide the necessary capital for current operations and the planned growth in total assets.
All banks and bank holding companies are subject to risk-based capital guidelines. These guidelines define capital as Tier 1 and Total capital. Tier 1 capital consists of common stockholders' equity and qualifying preferred stock, less intangibles; and Total capital consists of Tier 1 capital plus the allowance for loan losses up to certain limits, preferred stock and certain subordinated and term-debt securities. The guidelines require a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0 percent, and a minimum Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4.0 percent.
The risk-based capital ratios at December 31, follow:
Banks and bank holding companies must also maintain a minimum leverage ratio of 4 percent, which consists of Tier 1 capital based on risk-based capital guidelines, divided by average tangible assets (excluding intangible assets that were deducted to arrive at Tier 1 capital).
The leverage ratios were as follows at December 31:
To be considered "well-capitalized" under FDICIA, an institution must generally have a leverage ratio of at least 5 percent, Tier 1 ratio of 6 percent and a Total capital ratio of 10 percent. The Bank exceeds all current regulatory capital requirements and was in the "well capitalized" category at December 31, 2001. Management plans to conduct the affairs of the Bank so as to maintain a strong capital position in the future.
LIQUIDITY
The Asset/Liability Strategic Committee ("ALSC") of the Board of Directors of the Bank establishes specific policies and operating procedures governing the Company's liquidity levels and develops plans to address future liquidity needs, including contingent sources of liquidity. The primary functions of asset liability management are to provide safety of depositor and investor funds, assure adequate liquidity and maintain an appropriate balance between interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. Liquidity management involves the ability to meet the cash flow requirement of depositors wanting to withdraw funds or borrowers needing assurance that sufficient funds will be available to meet their credit needs. Interest rate sensitivity management seeks to manage fluctuating net interest margins and to enhance consistent growth of net interest income through periods of changing interest rates.
The Bank's liquid assets, at December 31, 2001, include cash and due from banks of $29.8 million and Federal funds sold of $76.3 million. Federal funds sold represents the Bank's excess liquid funds that are invested with other financial institutions in need of funds and which mature daily.
Other sources of liquidity include maturities and principal and interest payments on loans and securities. The loan and securities portfolios are of high credit quality and of mixed maturity, providing a constant stream of maturing and re-investable assets, which can be converted into cash should the need arise. The ability to redeploy these funds is an important source of medium to long term liquidity. The amortized cost of securities available for sale having contractual maturities, expected call dates or average lives of one year or less amounted to $138.6 million at December 31, 2001. This represented 22.6 percent of the amortized cost of the securities portfolio. Excluding installment loans to individuals, real estate loans other than construction loans and lease financing, $82.0 million, or 42.5 percent of loans at December 31, 2001, mature in one year or less. The Bank may increase liquidity by selling certain residential mortgages, or exchanging them for mortgage-backed securities that may be sold, in the secondary market.
The Bank is a member of the FHLB. The Bank has a borrowing capacity of up to $120 million at December 31, 2001, at various terms secured by FHLB stock owned and to be purchased and certain other assets of the Bank. The Bank had no advances from the FHLB at December 31, 2001. The Bank borrowed $142.4 million under securities sold under agreements to repurchase at December 31, 2001, and had securities
totaling $81 million at December 31, 2001 that could be sold under agreements to repurchase, thereby increasing liquidity. In addition, the Bank has an agreement with two investment firms to borrow up to $110 million under two Retail CD Brokerage Agreements and has agreements with two correspondent banks for Federal funds purchased totaling $15 million. The Bank had $10 million of brokered CD's outstanding under these agreements at December 31, 2001. Additional liquidity is provided by the ability to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank's discount window, which borrowings must be collateralized by U.S. Treasury and government agency securities.
The Bank also has outstanding, at any time, a significant number of commitments to extend credit and provide financial guarantees to third parties. These arrangements are subject to strict credit control assessments. Guarantees specify limits to the Bank's obligations. Because many commitments and almost all guarantees expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not estimates of future cash flows. The Bank is also obligated under leases for certain of its branches and equipment. A summary of lease obligations and credit commitments at December 31, 2001 follows:
The Bank pledges certain of its assets as collateral for deposits of municipalities and other deposits allowed or required by law, FHLB borrowings and repurchase agreements. By utilizing collateralized funding sources, the Bank is able to access a variety of cost effective sources of funds. The assets pledged consist of certain loans secured by real estate, U.S. Treasury and government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, certain obligations of state and political subdivisions and other securities. Management monitors its liquidity requirements by assessing assets pledged, the level of assets available for sale, additional borrowing capacity and other factors. Management does not anticipate any negative impact to its liquidity from its pledging activities.
Non interest bearing demand deposits and interest bearing deposits from businesses, professionals, not-for-profit organizations and individuals are a relatively stable, low-cost source of funds. The deposits of the Bank generally have shown a steady growth trend as well as a generally consistent deposit mix. However, there can be no assurance that deposit growth will continue or that the deposit mix will not shift to higher rate products.
Another source of funding for the Company is capital market funds, which includes common stock, preferred stock, convertible debentures, retained earnings and long-term debt qualifying as regulatory capital.
Each of the Company's sources of liquidity is vulnerable to various uncertainties beyond the control of the Company. Scheduled loan and security payments are a relatively stable source of funds, while loan and security prepayments and calls, and deposit flows vary widely in reaction to market conditions, primarily prevailing interest rates. Asset sales are influenced by general market interest rates and other unforeseen market conditions. The Company's ability to borrow at attractive rates is affected by its financial condition and other market conditions.
Management considers the Company's sources of liquidity to be adequate to meet any expected funding needs and also to be responsive to changing interest rate markets.
QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Set forth below are certain quarterly results of operations for 2001 and 2000.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The Company has made, and may continue to make, various forward-looking statements with respect to earnings, credit quality and other financial and business matters for periods subsequent to December 31, 2001. The Company cautions that these forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, and that statements relating to subsequent periods increasingly are subject to greater uncertainty because of the increased likelihood of changes in underlying factors and assumptions. Actual results could differ materially from forward-looking statements.
In addition to those factors previously disclosed by the Company and those factors identified elsewhere herein, the following factors could cause actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements:
- competitive pressure on loan and deposit product pricing;
- other actions of competitors;
- changes in economic conditions;
- the extent and timing of actions of the Federal Reserve Board;
- a loss of customer deposits;
- changes in customer's acceptance of the Banks' products and services;
- increases in federal and state income taxes and/or the Company's effective income tax rate; and
- the extent and timing of legislative and regulatory actions and reform.
ITEM 7A
ITEM 7A -- QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk is the potential for economic losses to be incurred on market risk sensitive instruments arising from adverse changes in market indices such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. Since all Company transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars with no direct foreign exchange or changes in commodity price exposures, the Company's primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk.
Interest rate risk is the exposure of net interest income to changes in interest rates. Interest rate sensitivity is the relationship between market interest rates and net interest income due to the repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities. If more liabilities than assets reprice in a given period (a liability-sensitive position or "negative gap"), market interest rate changes will be reflected more quickly in liability rates. If interest rates decline, such positions will generally benefit net interest income. Alternatively, where assets reprice more quickly than liabilities in a given period (an asset-sensitive position or "positive gap"), a decline in market rates could have an adverse effect on net interest income. Excessive levels of interest rate risk can result in a material adverse effect on the Company's future financial condition and results of operations. Accordingly, effective risk management techniques that maintain interest rate risk at prudent levels is essential to the Company's safety and soundness.
The Company has no financial instruments entered into for trading purposes. Federal funds, both purchases and sales, on which rates change daily, and loans and deposits tied to certain indices, such as the
prime rate and federal discount rate, are the most market sensitive and have the most stable fair values. The least sensitive instruments include long-term fixed rate loans and securities and fixed rate savings deposits, which have the least stable fair value. On those types falling between these extremes, the management of maturity distributions is as important as the balances maintained. Management of maturity distributions involve the matching of interest rate maturities, as well as principal maturities, and is a key determinant of net interest income. In periods of rapidly changing interest rates, an imbalance ("gap") between the rate sensitive assets and liabilities can cause major fluctuations in net interest income and in earnings. The Company's management of liquidity and interest rate sensitivity has been successful in the past, as evidenced by the continued net interest income growth. Continuing to establish patterns of sensitivity which will enhance future growth regardless of frequent shifts in the market conditions is one of the objectives of the Company's asset/liability management strategy.
Evaluating the Company's exposure to changes in interest rates is the responsibility of ALSC and includes assessing both the adequacy of the management process used to control interest rate risk and the quantitative level of exposure. When assessing the interest rate risk management process, the Company seeks to ensure that appropriate policies, procedures, management information systems and internal controls are in place to maintain interest rate risk at appropriate levels. Evaluating the quantitative level of interest rate risk exposure, requires the Company to assess the existing and potential future effects of changes in interest rates on its consolidated financial condition, including capital adequacy, earnings, liquidity and asset quality.
The Company uses two methods to evaluate market risk to changes in interest rates. A "Static Gap" analysis shows the Company as slightly liability-sensitive in the one-year time frame as of December 31, 2001. The simulation analysis also indicates a slight liability-sensitive position at that same date. The Company believes the simulation analysis is a more accurate analysis of interest rate risk.
The "Static Gap" as of December 31, 2001 and 2000 is presented in the tables below. Balance sheet items are appropriately categorized by contractual maturity, expected average lives for mortgage-backed securities, or repricing dates, with prime rate indexed loans and certificates of deposit. Checking with interest accounts, savings accounts, money market deposits and other borrowings constitute the bulk of the floating rate category. The determination of the interest rate sensitivity of non contractual items is arrived at in a subjective fashion. Savings accounts are viewed as a relatively stable source of funds and are therefore classified as intermediate funds.
At December 31, 2001, the "Static Gap" showed a negative cumulative gap of $0.9 million in the one day to one year repricing period, as compared to a negative cumulative gap of $327.4 million at December 31, 2000. The cumulative gap at December 31, 2001 is due principally to fixed rate securities and loans in the over one year to five years and over five years categories to maximize yield on assets and the treatment of deposit accounts, and other borrowings, as previously discussed above. A significant portion of the loans in the over one year to five year category represents five year fixed rate commercial mortgages and commercial loans. Origination of such loans has allowed the Company to generate an asset repriceable within five years to reduce long-term interest rate risk. The change in the cumulative static gap between December 31, 2001 and December 31, 2000 reflects the increase in such fixed rate loans, the increased expectation of prepayment of securities with such provisions and the increased expectation of calls on securities with such provisions, thereby shortening the estimated repricing dates. In addition, borrowing in total increased, and the expectation of calls on such borrowings decreased. These shifts in estimated repricing dates resulted from sharp decreases in interest rates at year end 2001 as compared to year end 2000.
The Company uses the simulation analysis to estimate the effect that specific movements in interest rates would have on net interest income. This analysis incorporates management assumptions about the levels of future balance sheet trends, different patterns of interest rate movements, and changing relationships between interest rates (i.e. basis risk). These assumptions have been developed through a combination of historical analysis and future expected pricing behavior. For a given level of market interest rate changes, the simulation can consider the impact of the varying behavior of cash flows from principal prepayments on the loan portfolio and mortgage-backed securities, call activities on investment securities, balance charges on non contractual maturity deposit products (demand deposits, checking with interest, money market and savings accounts),
and embedded option risk by taking into account the effects of interest rate caps and floors. The impact of planned growth and anticipated new business activities is not integrated into the simulation analysis. The Company can assess the results of the simulation and, if necessary, implement suitable strategies to adjust the structure of its assets and liabilities to reduce potential unacceptable risks to net interest income.
The Company's policy limit on interest rate risk is that if interest rates were to gradually increase or decrease 200 basis points from current rates, the percentage change in estimated net interest income for the subsequent 12 month measurement period should not decline by more than 5.0 percent. Net interest income is forecasted using various interest rate scenarios that management believes are reasonably likely to impact the Company's financial condition. A base case scenario, in which current interest rates remain stable, is used for comparison to other scenario simulations. The table below illustrates the estimated exposures under a rising rate scenario and a declining rate scenario calculated as a percentage change in estimated net interest income from the base case scenario, assuming a gradual shift in interest rates for the next 12 month measurement period, beginning December 31, 2001 and 2000.
The percentage change in estimated net interest income for the subsequent 12 month measurement period from December 31, 2001 in the +200 basis points and -- 200 basis points scenarios of (0.3%) and (0.5%), respectively, are within the Company's policy limit of (5.0%).
As with any method of measuring interest rate risk, there are certain limitations inherent in the method of analysis presented. Actual results may differ significantly from simulated results should market conditions and management strategies, among other factors, vary from the assumptions used in the analysis. The model assumes that certain assets and liabilities of similar maturity or period to repricing will react the same to changes in interest rates, but, in reality, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Specific types of financial instruments may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while other types of financial instruments may lag behind changes in market interest rates. Additionally, other assets, such as adjustable-rate loans, have features which restrict changes in interest rates on a short-term basis and over the life of the asset. Furthermore, in the event of a change in interest rates, expected rates of prepayments on loans and securities and early withdrawals from time deposits could deviate significantly from those assumed in the simulation.
One way to minimize interest rate risk is to maintain a balanced or matched interest rate sensitivity position. However, profits are not always maximized by matched funding. To increase net interest earnings, the Company selectively mis-matches asset and liability repricing to take advantage of short-term interest rate movements and the shape of the U.S. Treasury yield curve. The magnitude of the mismatch depends on a careful assessment of the risks presented by forecasted interest rate movements. The risk inherent in such a mismatch, or gap, is that interest rates may not move as anticipated.
Interest rate risk exposure is reviewed in quarterly meetings in which guidelines are established for the following quarter and the longer term exposure. The structural interest rate mismatch is reviewed periodically by ALSC and management.
Risk is mitigated by matching maturities or repricing more closely, and by reducing interest rate risk by the use of interest rate contracts. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments extensively. However, as circumstances warrant, the Company purchases derivatives such as interest rate contracts to manage its interest rate exposure. Any derivative financial instruments are carefully evaluated to determine the impact on the Company's interest rate risk in rising and declining interest rate environments as well as the fair value of the derivative instruments. Use of derivative financial instruments is included in the Bank's Asset/Liability policy, which has been approved by the Board of Directors. Additional information on derivative financial instruments is presented in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The tables below set forth the interest rate sensitivity analysis by repricing date at year end 2001 and 2000.
INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS BY REPRICING DATE
DECEMBER 31, 2001
DECEMBER 31, 2000
ITEM 8
ITEM 8 -- FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders Hudson Valley Holding Corp.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Hudson Valley Holding Corp. and its subsidiary, Hudson Valley Bank, (collectively the "Company"), as of December 31, 2001 and 2000 and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2001. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Hudson Valley Holding Corp. and its subsidiary at December 31, 2001 and 2000 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2001 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Stamford, Connecticut January 29, 2002
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001, 2000 AND 1999 DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001, 2000 AND 1999 DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS DECEMBER 31, 2001 AND 2000 DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AND SHARE AMOUNTS
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001, 2000 AND 1999 DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001, 2000 AND 1999 DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AND SHARE AMOUNTS
1 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Operations and Basis of Presentation -- The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Hudson Valley Holding Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Hudson Valley Bank (the "Bank"), (collectively the "Company"). The Bank offers a broad range of lending and depository products to businesses, individuals and government units through 12 branches and a business center in Westchester County, New York, and one branch in Bronx County, New York. All inter-company accounts are eliminated. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheet and income and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. An estimate that is particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relates to the determination of the allowance for loan losses. In connection with the determination of the allowance for loan losses, management utilizes the work of professional appraisers for significant properties.
Securities -- Securities are classified as either available for sale, representing securities the Bank may sell in the ordinary course of business, or as held for investment, representing securities the Bank has the ability and positive intent to hold until maturity. Securities available for sale are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses (net of tax) excluded from operations and reported in other comprehensive income. Securities held for investment are stated at amortized cost (specific identification). There were no securities held for investment at December 31, 2001 and 2000. The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts is determined by using the level yield method to the earlier of the call or maturity date. Securities are not acquired for purposes of engaging in trading activities. Realized gains and losses from sales of securities are determined using the specific identification method.
Loans -- Loans are reported at their outstanding principal balance, net of charge-offs, and deferred loan origination fees and costs. Loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the related loan or commitment as an adjustment to yield, or taken directly into income when the related loan is sold or commitment expires.
Loans Held for Sale -- Loans held for sale are valued at the lower of cost or market, decreases in the carrying value, if any, are reported in earnings. Realized gains or losses on sales of loans are reported in earnings in the period the sale occurs. There were no loans held for sale at December 31, 2001 and 2000.
Interest Rate Contracts -- The Company, from time to time, uses various interest rate contracts such as forward rate agreements, interest rate swaps, caps and floors, primarily as hedges against specific assets and liabilities. Statement of Financial Accounting (SFAS) No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," as amended by SFAS No. 137, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities-Deferral of the Effective Date of SFAS Statement No. 133", which became effective on January 1, 2001, requires that all derivative instruments, including interest rate contracts, be recorded on the balance sheet at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and, if it is, the type of hedge transaction. The Company has two interest rate floor contracts, $25 million with a 4.5% strike rate and $25 million with a 4.0% strike rate, which do not qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS No. 133. Accordingly, the contracts were accounted for at fair value with the resulting net gain of $832,000 included in other income as of December 31, 2001. Under prior accounting, these contracts were accounted for as hedges, with the premiums paid for them being amortized against interest income over the life of the contract. The transition adjustment resulting from the adoption of SFAS No. 133 as of January 1, 2001 was not significant.
Allowance for Loan Losses -- The Bank maintains an allowance for loan losses to absorb losses inherent in the loan portfolio based on ongoing quarterly assessments of the estimated losses. The Bank's methodology
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance consists of several key components, which include a specific allowance for identified problem loans, a formula allowance, and an unallocated allowance. The specific allowance incorporates the results of measuring impaired loans as provided in SFAS No. 114, "Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan," and SFAS No. 118, "Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan-Income Recognition and Disclosures." These accounting standards prescribe the measurement methods, income recognition and disclosures related to impaired loans. A loan is recognized as impaired when it is probable that principal and/or interest are not collectible in accordance with the loan's contractual terms. A loan is not deemed to be impaired if there is a short delay in receipt of payment or if, during a longer period of delay, the Company expects to collect all amounts due including interest accrued at the contractual rate during the period of delay. Measurement of impairment can be based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change. If the fair value of the impaired loan is less than the related recorded amount, a specific valuation allowance is established within the allowance for loan losses or a writedown is charged against the allowance for loan losses if the impairment is considered to be permanent. Measurement of impairment does not apply to large groups of smaller balance homogenous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment such as the Company's portfolios of home equity loans, real estate mortgages, installment and other loans.
The formula allowance is calculated by applying loss factors to outstanding loans by type. Loss factors are based on historical loss experience. New loan types, for which there has been no historical loss experience, as explained further below, is one of the considerations in determining the appropriateness of the unallocated allowance.
The appropriateness of the unallocated allowance is reviewed by management based upon its evaluation of then-existing economic and business conditions affecting the key lending areas of the Bank and other conditions, such as new loan products, credit quality trends (including trends in nonperforming loans expected to result from existing conditions), collateral values, loan volumes and concentrations, specific industry conditions within portfolio segments that existed as of the balance sheet date and the impact that such conditions were believed to have had on the collectibility of the loan portfolio. Senior management reviews these conditions quarterly. Management's evaluation of the loss related to these conditions is reflected in the unallocated allowance. Due to the inherent uncertainty in the process, management does not attempt to quantify separate amounts for each of the conditions considered in estimating the unallocated component of the allowance. The evaluation of the inherent loss with respect to these conditions is subject to a higher degree of uncertainty because they are not identified with specific credits or portfolio segments.
Actual losses can vary significantly from the estimated amounts. The Bank's methodology permits adjustments to the allowance in the event that, in management's judgment, significant factors which affect the collectibility of the loan portfolio as of the evaluation date have changed.
Management believes the allowance for loan losses is the best estimate of probable losses which have been incurred as of December 31, 2001 and 2000. There is no assurance that the Company will not be required to make future adjustments to the allowance in response to changing economic conditions, particularly in the Bank's service area, since the majority of the Bank's loans are collateralized by real estate. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of the examination process, periodically review the Bank's allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments at the time of their examination.
Loan Restructurings -- Loan restructurings are renegotiated loans for which concessions have been granted to the borrower that the Company would not have otherwise granted. Restructured loans are returned to accrual status when said loans have demonstrated performance, generally evidenced by six months of
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
payment performance in accordance with the restructured terms, or by the presence of other significant factors.
Income Recognition on Loans -- Interest on loans is accrued monthly. Net loan origination and commitment fees are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of yield over the lives of the related loans. Loans, including impaired loans, are placed on a non-accrual status when management believes that interest or principal on such loans may not be collected in the normal course of business. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all interest previously accrued, but not collected, is reversed against interest income. Interest received on non-accrual loans generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, in accordance with management's judgment as to the collectability of principal. Loans can be returned to accruing status when they become current as to principal and interest, demonstrate a period of performance under the contractual terms, and when, in management's opinion, they are estimated to be fully collectible.
Premises and Equipment -- Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, generally 3 to 31.5 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the term of the lease or the estimated useful life of the asset.
Other Real Estate Owned -- Real estate properties acquired through loan foreclosure are recorded at the lower of cost or estimated fair value, net of estimated selling costs, at time of foreclosure. Credit losses arising at the time of foreclosure are charged against the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent valuations are periodically performed by management and the carrying value is adjusted by a charge to expense to reflect any subsequent declines in the estimated fair value. Routine holding costs are charged to expense as incurred. Any gains on dispositions of such properties reduce OREO expense.
Income Taxes -- Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period the change is enacted.
Transfers of Financial Assets -- In September 2000, FASB issued SFAS No. 140, "Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities", replacing SFAS No. 125. SFAS No. 140 revises the standard for accounting and reporting for transfers and servicing of financial assets and extinguishments of liabilities, providing consistent guidelines for distinguishing transfers of financial assets that are sales from transfers that are secured borrowings. SFAS No. 140 is effective for transfers, servicing, or extinguishments occurring after March 31, 2001, except for certain provisions relating to the accounting and disclosure for secured borrowings and collateral, for which the effective date was December 15, 2000. The adoption of the remaining provisions of this statement did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
Business Combinations -- In July 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, "Business Combination" ("SFAS No. 141"). SFAS No. 141 requires that the purchase method of accounting for business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 and eliminates the pooling-of-interests method. The adoption of SFAS No. 141 on July 1, 2001 did not have a significant impact on its financial position or results of operations.
Stock-Based Compensation -- SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," encourages but does not require companies to record compensation cost for stock-based employee compensation plans at fair value. The Company has chosen to continue to account for stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and related interpretations. Accordingly, compensation cost for stock options is
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
measured as the excess, if any, of the quoted market price of the Company's stock at the date of the grant over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock.
Earnings per Common Share -- SFAS No. 128, "Earnings per Share," establishes standards for computing and presenting earnings per share. The statement requires disclosure of basic earnings per common share (i.e. common stock equivalents are not considered) and diluted earnings per common share (i.e. common stock equivalents are considered using the treasury stock method) on the face of the statement of operations, along with a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted earnings per common share is similar to the computation of basic earnings per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares, consisting solely of stock options, had been issued.
Weighted average common shares outstanding used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:
In December 2001, 2000 and 1999 the Board of Directors of the Company declared 10 percent stock dividends. Share amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the issuance of the additional shares.
Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information -- SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," establishes standards for the way business enterprises report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires that those enterprises report selected information about operating segments in subsequent interim financial reports issued to shareholders. It also establishes standards for related disclosure about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. The statement requires that a business enterprise report financial and descriptive information about its reportable operating segments. Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The statement also requires that business enterprises report a measure of segment profit or loss, certain specific revenue and expense items and segment assets. It also requires that information be reported about revenues derived from the enterprises' products or services, or about the countries in which the enterprises earn revenues and holds assets, and about major customers, regardless of whether that information is used in making operating decisions. The Company has one operating segment, "Community Banking."
Pending Accounting Pronouncements.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets -- In July 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" ("SFAS No. 142"), which became effective January 1, 2002. SFAS No. 142 requires, among other things, the discontinuance of goodwill amortization as well as provisions for the reclassification of certain existing recognized intangibles as goodwill, reassessment of the useful lives of existing recognized intangibles and the identification of reporting units for purposes of assessing future impairments of goodwill. SFAS No. 142 also requires a transitional goodwill impairment test six months for the date of adoption. The adoption of SFAS No. 142 by the Company on January 1, 2002 did not have a significant impact on its financial positions or results of operations.
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets -- In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets", ("SFAS No. 144") which supersedes SFAS No. 121 and portions of APB Opinion No. 30. This statement addresses the recognition of an impairment loss for long-lived assets to be held and used, or disposed of by sale or otherwise. This statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of SFAS No. 144 by the Company on January 1, 2002 did not have a significant impact on its financial positions or results of operations.
Other -- Certain 2000 and 1999 amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2001 presentation.
2 SECURITIES
At December 31, 2001, securities having a stated value of approximately $459,961 were pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.
Gross losses of $180 and gross gains of $692 and $19 were recorded as a result of securities available for sale sold or redeemed in 2001, 2000 and 1999 respectively. Applicable income taxes relating to such transactions were $(75), $284 and $5 in 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
The contractual maturity of all debt securities held at December 31, 2001 is shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because some issuers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
3 CREDIT COMMITMENTS AND CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
The Bank has outstanding, at any time, a significant number of commitments to extend credit and also provide financial guarantees to third parties. Those arrangements are subject to strict credit control assessments. Guarantees specify limits to the Bank's obligations. The amounts of those loan commitments and guarantees are set out in the following table. Because many commitments and almost all guarantees expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not estimates of future cash flows.
The majority of loan commitments have terms up to one year, with either a floating interest rate or contracted fixed interest rates ranging from 3.75% to 6.75% Guarantees written generally have terms up to one year.
Loan commitments and guarantees written have off-balance-sheet credit risk because only origination fees and accruals for probable losses are recognized in the balance sheet until the commitments are fulfilled or the guarantees expire. Credit risk represents the accounting loss that would be recognized at the reporting date if counterparties failed completely to perform as contracted. The credit risk amounts are equal to the contractual amounts, assuming that the amounts are fully advanced and that, in accordance with the requirements of SFAS No. 105, "Disclosure of Information about Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Financial Instruments with Concentrations of Credit Risk," collateral or other security would have no value.
The Bank's policy is to require customers to provide collateral prior to the disbursement of approved loans. For loans and financial guarantees, the Bank usually retains a security interest in the property or products financed or other collateral which provides repossession rights in the event of default by the customer.
Concentrations of credit risk (whether on or off-balance-sheet) arising from financial instruments exist in relation to certain groups of customers. A group concentration arises when a number of counterparties have similar economic characteristics that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic or other conditions. The Bank does not have a significant exposure to any individual customer or counterparty. A geographic concentration arises because the Bank operates principally in Westchester County and Bronx County, New York. Loans and credit commitments collateralized by real estate are as follows:
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
The credit risk amounts represent the maximum accounting loss that would be recognized at the reporting date if counterparties failed completely to perform as contracted and any collateral or security proved to have no value. The Bank has experienced little difficulty in accessing collateral when required.
4 LOANS
The loan portfolio is comprised of the following:
The Bank has established credit policies applicable to each type of lending activity in which it engages. The Bank evaluates the credit worthiness of each customer and extends credit based on credit history, ability to repay and market value of collateral. The customers' credit worthiness is monitored on an ongoing basis. Additional collateral is obtained when warranted. Real estate is the primary form of collateral. Other important forms of collateral are bank deposits and marketable securities. While collateral provides assurance as a secondary source of repayment, the Bank ordinarily requires the primary source of payment to be based on the borrower's ability to generate continuing cash flows.
A summary of the activity in the allowance for loan losses follows:
The recorded investment in impaired loans at December 31, 2001 was $2,485, for which an allowance of $807 has been established. At December 31, 2000, the recorded investment in impaired loans was $2,148, for which an allowance of $125 had been established. Generally, the fair value of these loans was determined using the fair value of the underlying collateral of the loan.
The average investment in impaired loans during 2001, 2000 and 1999 was $2,317, $2,154 and $1,682, respectively. During the years reported, no income was recorded on impaired loans during the portion of the year that they were impaired.
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Loans which were restructured prior to adoption of SFAS No. 114, "Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan," and non-accrual loans at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 and related interest income are summarized as follows:
Non-accrual loans at December 31, 2001 and 2000 include $2,485 and $2,148, respectively, of loans considered to be impaired under SFAS No. 114.
Loans made directly or indirectly to employees, directors or principal shareholders were approximately $17,239 and $14,535 at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. During 2001, new loans granted to these individuals and the effects of changes in board member composition totaled $4,026 and payments totaled $1,322.
5 PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
A summary of premises and equipment follows:
6 OTHER BORROWINGS
Borrowings with original maturities of one year or less totaled $143,529 and $197,872 at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Such short-term borrowings consisted of securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $143,529 and $136,622 at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, and at December 31, 2000 borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (FHLB) of $51,250 and $10,000 of other overnight borrowings. Other borrowings totaled $209,191 and $87,959 at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, consisting of borrowings from FHLB with stated maturities of ten years and 1 to 4 year call options.
Interest expense on all borrowings totaled $14,067, $15,043 and $12,212 in 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. The following table summarizes the average balances, weighted average interest rates and the
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
maximum month-end outstanding amounts of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and FHLB borrowings for each of the years:
As of December 31, 2001 and 2000, these borrowings were collateralized by loans and securities with an estimated fair value of $370,356 and $280,853, respectively.
In addition, at December 31, 2001, the Bank had available unused lines of credit of $120 million from FHLB, and $25 million from correspondent banks. In addition, the Bank has $100 million in available borrowings under Retail CD Agreements with two major investment banking firms, all of which are subject to various terms and conditions.
7 INCOME TAXES
A reconciliation of the income tax provision and the amount computed using the federal statutory rate is as follows:
The components of the provision for income taxes (benefit) are as follows:
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
The tax effect of temporary differences giving rise to the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
8 STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND STOCK OPTIONS
The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory -- and possibly additional discretionary -- actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on their financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total and Tier I capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier I capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined).
Management believes, as of December 31, 2001, that both the Company and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
The following summarizes the capital requirements and capital position at December 31, 2001 and 2000:
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
As of December 31, 2001, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk based, Tier 1 risk based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution's category.
STOCK DIVIDEND
In December 2001 and 2000 the Board of Directors of the Company declared 10 percent stock dividends. Share and per share amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the issuance of the additional shares.
STOCK OPTIONS
The Company has stock option plans that provide for the granting of options to directors, certain officers, and to all eligible employees. Options to purchase 411,424 shares of common stock were outstanding at December 31, 2001 under all plans. The stock options are exercisable at prices that approximate the market value of the Company's stock at dates of grant. Certain options become exercisable in up to five annual installments, commencing one year from date of grant. Other options become exercisable in their entirety, upon completion of 5 years of service. Options have a maximum duration of 10 years.
Stock option transactions under the Plans were as follows:
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes the range of exercise prices of the Company's stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2001:
As permitted by SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," the Company has elected to continue to account for stock-based compensation plans in accordance with APB No. 25, rather than adopt the accounting requirements of SFAS No. 123. Had compensation cost for the Company's stock option plans been determined based on the fair value at the grant dates for awards under those plans consistent with the method of SFAS No. 123, the Company's net income and earnings per share would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts indicated below:
The fair value (present value of the estimated future benefit to the option holder) of each option grant in 2001, 2000 and 1999 is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions used for grants in 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively: dividend yield of 3.5%, 3.5% and 3.4%; expected volatility of 10%, 10% and 12%; risk-free interest rates of 4.36%, 5.05% and 6.42% and expected life of 6 years for 2001, 2000 and 1999. All option grants expire within 10 years of the date of grant. The weighted average fair value of options granted during 2001, 2000 and 1999 was $3.08, $3.42 and $4.15, respectively.
9 BENEFIT PLANS
The Hudson Valley Bank Employees' Defined Contribution Pension Plan covers substantially all employees. Pension costs accrued and charged to current operations include 5 percent of each participant's earnings during the year. Pension costs charged to other operating expenses (including pension costs for directors) totaled approximately $785, $400 and $522 in 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
The Hudson Valley Bank Employees' Savings Plan covers substantially all employees. The Bank matches 25 percent of employee contributions annually, up to 4 percent of base salary. Savings Plan costs charged to expense totaled approximately $67, $64 and $56 in 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
The Company does not offer its own stock as an investment to participants of the Employees' Savings Plan. The Company's matching contribution under the Employees' Savings Plan as well as its contribution to the Defined Contribution Pension Plan is in the form of cash. Neither plan holds any shares of the Company's Stock.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Additional retirement benefits are provided to certain officers pursuant to supplemental plans. Costs for the officers' supplemental pension plan totaled approximately $650, $605 and $640 in 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. The Bank records an additional minimum pension liability to the extent that its accumulated pension benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of pension plan assets and accrued pension liabilities. This additional minimum pension liability is offset by an intangible asset, not to exceed prior service costs and of the pension plan. Amounts in excess of prior service costs are reflected as a reduction in other comprehensive income net of related tax benefits.
The following tables set forth the status of the Bank's plans as of December 31, 2001 and 2000:
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Set forth below is a summary of the amounts reflected in the Bank's balance sheets as of December 31:
10 COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND OTHER DISCLOSURES
The Company is obligated under leases for certain of its branches and equipment. Minimum rental commitments for bank premises and equipment under noncancelable operating leases are as follows:
Rent expense for premises and equipment was approximately $833, $783 and $778 in 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. In the normal course of business, there are various outstanding commitments and contingent liabilities which are not reflected in the consolidated balance sheets. No losses are anticipated as a result of these transactions.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is party to various legal proceedings, none of which, in the opinion of management, will have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations.
At December 31, 2001, the Company was a party to two interest rate floor agreements, as more fully discussed in Note 1 to these consolidated financial statements. These agreements are subject to the counterparties' ability to perform in accordance with the terms of the agreements.
CASH RESERVE REQUIREMENTS
The Bank is required to maintain average reserve balances under the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation D issued thereunder. Such reserves totaled approximately $941 at December 31, 2001 and $849 at December 31, 2000.
RESTRICTIONS ON FUNDS TRANSFERS
There are various restrictions which limit the ability of a bank subsidiary to transfer funds in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances to the parent company. Under federal law, the approval of the primary regulator is required if dividends declared by the Bank in any year exceed the net profits of that year, as defined, combined with the retained net profits for the two preceding years.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
11 SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has one reportable segment, "Community Banking." All of the Company's activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based on how each of the activities of the Company supports the others. For example, commercial lending is dependent upon the ability of the Bank to fund itself with retail deposits and other borrowings and to manage interest rate and credit risk. This situation is also similar for consumer and residential mortgage lending. Accordingly, all significant operating decisions are based upon analysis of the Company as one operating segment or unit.
General information required by SFAS No. 131 is disclosed in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. The Company operates only in the U.S. domestic market, primarily the counties of Westchester and Bronx, New York. For the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, there is no customer that accounted for more than 10% of the Company's revenue.
12 FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
SFAS No. 107, "Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial Instruments," requires the disclosure of the estimated fair value of certain financial instruments. These estimated fair values as of December 31, 2001 and 2000 have been determined using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop estimates of fair value. The estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of alternative market assumptions and estimation methodologies could have had a material effect on these estimates of fair value.
The estimated fair value of the indicated items was determined as follows:
Financial assets for which carrying value approximates fair value -- The estimated fair value approximates carrying amount because of the immediate availability of these funds or based on the short maturities and current rates for similar deposits. Cash and due from banks as well as Federal funds sold are reported in this line item.
Securities, FHLB stock and accrued interest -- The fair value was estimated based on quoted market prices or dealer quotations. FHLB stock and accrued interest are stated at their carrying amounts.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Loans and accrued interest -- The fair value of loans was estimated by discounting projected cash flows at the reporting date using current rates for similar loans, reduced by specific and general loan loss allowances. Additionally, under SFAS No. 114, all loans considered impaired are reported at either the fair value of collateral or present value of expected future cash flows. Accrued interest is stated at its carrying amount.
Deposits with no stated maturity and accrued interest -- The estimated fair value of deposits with no stated maturity and accrued interest, as applicable, are considered to be equal to their carrying amounts.
Time deposits and accrued interest -- The fair value of time deposits has been estimated by discounting projected cash flows at the reporting date using current rates for similar deposits. Accrued interest is stated at its carrying amount.
Securities sold under repurchase agreements and other short-term borrowings and accrued interest -- The estimated fair value of these instruments approximate carrying amount because of their short maturities and variable rates. Accrued interest is stated at its carrying amount.
Other borrowings and accrued interest -- The fair value of callable FHLB advances was estimated by discounting projected cash flows at the reporting date using the rate applicable to the projected call date option. Accrued interest is stated at its carrying amount.
Interest rate floor contracts -- The fair value was estimated using quoted market prices or dealer quotations.
13 CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP. (PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS December 31, 2001 and 2000 Dollars in thousands
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME For the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 Dollars in thousands
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS For the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 Dollars in thousands
MANAGEMENT'S REPORT TO THE STOCKHOLDERS
January 29, 2002
To the Stockholders of Hudson Valley Holding Corp.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The management of Hudson Valley Holding Corp. and its subsidiary, Hudson Valley Bank, (collectively the "Company"), is responsible for the preparation, integrity, and fair presentation of its published consolidated financial statements and all other information presented in this Annual Report. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and, as such, include amounts based on informed judgments and estimates made by management.
The consolidated financial statements have been audited by an independent accounting firm, which was given unrestricted access to all financial records and related data, including minutes of all meetings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors and committees of the Board of Directors. Management believes all representations made to the independent auditors during their audit were valid and appropriate.
INTERNAL CONTROL
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, including safeguarding of assets, for financial presentations in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and, for Hudson Valley Bank, in conformity with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Instructions for Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income (Call Report Instructions). The internal control contains monitoring mechanisms, and actions are taken to correct deficiencies identified.
There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of internal control, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even effective internal control can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control may vary over time.
Management assessed the Company's internal control over financial reporting, including safeguarding of assets, for financial presentations in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and, for Hudson Valley Bank, in conformity with the Call Report Instructions as of December 31, 2001. This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting, including safeguarding of assets, established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management believes that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting, including safeguarding of assets, presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and, for Hudson Valley Bank, in conformity with the Call Report Instructions, as of December 31, 2001.
AUDIT COMMITTEE
The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is comprised entirely of outside directors who are independent of the Company's management. The Audit Committee is responsible for recommending to the Board of Directors the selection of independent auditors, which selection is then ratified by the stockholders. The Audit Committee meets periodically with management, the independent auditors, and the internal auditors to ensure that they are carrying out their responsibilities. The Audit Committee is also responsible for performing an oversight role by reviewing and monitoring the financial, accounting and auditing procedures of the Company in addition to reviewing the Company's consolidated financial reports. The independent auditors and the internal auditors have full and free access to the Audit Committee, with or without the presence of management, to discuss the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting and any other matters which they believe should be brought to the attention of the Audit Committee.
COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND REGULATIONS
Management is also responsible for ensuring compliance with the federal laws and regulations concerning loans to insiders and the federal and state laws and regulations concerning dividend restrictions, both of which are designated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) as safety and soundness laws and regulations.
Management assessed Hudson Valley Bank's compliance with the designated safety and soundness laws and regulations and has maintained records of its determinations and assessments as required by the FDIC. Based on this assessment, management believes that Hudson Valley Bank has complied, in all material respects, with the designated safety and soundness laws and regulations for the year ended December 31, 2001.
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS' REPORT
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders Hudson Valley Holding Corp.
We have examined management's assertion, included in the accompanying Management's Report to Stockholders, that Hudson Valley Holding Corp. and its subsidiary, Hudson Valley Bank (collectively the "Company") maintained effective internal control over financial reporting, including safeguarding of assets, presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and, for Hudson Valley Bank, in conformity with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Instructions for Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income as of December 31, 2001 based on the criteria established in Internal Control -- Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO report). Management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on management's assertion based on our examination.
Our examination was conducted in accordance with attestation standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and, accordingly, included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, testing, and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of the internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our examination provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Because of inherent limitations in any internal control, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Also, projections of any evaluation of internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the internal control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, management's assertion that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting, including safeguarding of assets, presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and, for Hudson Valley Bank, in conformity with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Instructions for Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income as of December 31, 2001, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the criteria established in the COSO report.
DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Stamford, Connecticut January 29, 2002
ITEM 9
ITEM 9 -- CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
PART IV
ITEM 14.
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(A)1. Financial Statements
The following financial statements of the Company are included in this document in Item 8 -- Financial Statements and Supplementary Data:
- Independent Auditors' Report
- Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999
- Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999
- Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2001 and 2000
- Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999
- Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999
- Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(A)2. Financial Statement Schedules
Financial Statement Schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown elsewhere in the document in the Financial Statements or Notes thereto, or in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
(B) Reports on Form 8-K Filed During the Quarter ended December 31, 2001
None
(C) Exhibits Required by Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-K
- --------------- * Management compensation plan
(1) Incorporated herein by reference in this document to the Registration Statement on Form 10 initially filed on May 1, 2000
(2) Filed herewith
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
HUDSON VALLEY HOLDING CORP.
March 27, 2002 By: /s/ JAMES J. LANDY ------------------------------------ James J. Landy President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below on March 27, 2002 by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
/s/ JAMES J. LANDY - ------------------------------------------------------ James J. Landy President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
/s/ STEPHEN R. BROWN - ------------------------------------------------------ Stephen R. Brown Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ WILLIAM E. GRIFFIN - ------------------------------------------------------ William E. Griffin Chairman of the Board and Director
/s/ JAMES M. COOGAN - ------------------------------------------------------ James M. Coogan Director
/s/ GREGORY F. HOLCOMBE - ------------------------------------------------------ Gregory F. Holcombe Director
/s/ ANGELO R. MARTINELLI - ------------------------------------------------------ Angelo R. Martinelli Director
/s/ RONALD F. POE - ------------------------------------------------------ Ronald F. Poe Director
/s/ JOHN A. PRATT, JR. - ------------------------------------------------------ John A. Pratt, Jr. Director
/s/ CECILE D. SINGER - ------------------------------------------------------ Cecile D. Singer Director
/s/ CRAIG S. THOMPSON - ------------------------------------------------------ Craig S. Thompson Director