ITEM 1. BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc. ("OSG" or the "Company") is one of the world's leading bulk shipping companies engaged primarily in the ocean transportation of crude oil and petroleum products. At December 31, 2008, the Company owned or operated a modern fleet of 122 vessels (aggregating 12.5 million deadweight tons and 864,800 cubic meters) of which 101 vessels operated in the international market and 21 operated in the U.S. Flag market. OSG's newbuilding program of owned and chartered-in vessels totaled 32 International and U.S. Flag vessels, bringing the Company's total operating and newbuild fleet to 154 vessels.
The Company's vessel operations are organized into strategic business units and focused on market segments each serve: crude oil, refined petroleum products, U.S. Flag vessels and gas. The International Flag Crude Tanker unit manages International Flag ULCC, VLCC, Suezmax, Aframax and Panamax tankers; the International Flag Product Carrier unit principally manages Panamax and Handysize Product Carriers; the U.S. Flag unit manages most U.S. Flag vessels; and the Gas unit at year end had four LNG carriers under management. Each business unit has dedicated chartering and commercial personnel while the Company's technical ship management operations and corporate departments support the Company's global fleet.
The Company generally charters its vessels to customers either for specific voyages at spot rates or for specific periods of time at fixed daily amounts. Spot market rates are highly volatile, while time and bareboat charter rates are fixed for specific periods of time, and provide a more predictable stream of Time Charter Equivalent Revenues. For a more detailed discussion on factors influencing spot and time charter markets, see Operations-Charter Types later in this section.
A glossary of shipping terms (the "Glossary") that should be used as a reference when reading this Annual Report on Form 10-K can be found later in Item 1. Capitalized terms that are used in this Annual Report are either defined when they are first used or in the Glossary.
BUSINESS STRATEGY
OSG is committed to long-term shareholder value creation and believes its balanced growth strategy is a critical element to continued success. The Company seeks to achieve market leading positions in each of its operating segments: crude oil, products and U.S. Flag. OSG's track record of profitability and growth reflects investment, expansion and focus on core areas of operations where it has expertise. Fleet growth has been achieved in a capital-efficient manner through chartering-in tonnage and participation and expansion of commercial pools. Acquisitions of vessels and companies have enhanced OSG's geographic presence, the scale of its fleet and service offerings. The Company's disciplined financial strategy is focused on maintaining a strong balance sheet and generating profits throughout shipping cycles.
The Company seeks to be the most respected energy transportation company in the world. OSG seeks to achieve this vision by focusing on three goals: maximizing returns to shareholders throughout all markets; providing reliable transportation to customers while protecting its crews, vessels and the environment; and creating a rewarding and challenging workplace for its sea and shore-based employees. OSG believes that it differentiates itself from its competitors through the scale and diversity of its fleet, the skills, experience and capabilities of its sea-based crew and shoreside personnel, and its provision of reliable, safe transportation services to customers.
Balanced Growth-The Company believes that by balancing the types of vessels it deploys and the markets in which it participates and by actively managing the mix of charter types and the ownership profile of its fleet, it can maximize returns on invested capital while making it less dependent on any particular market sector.
Operational Excellence-OSG is committed to technical excellence across its fleet. The Company's high quality, modern fleet, which is operated by experienced crews supported by skilled shoreside personnel, has in place a program of standardized operational practices and procedures that have been designed to ensure that seafarers and vessel operations comply with all applicable environmental, regulatory and safety standards established by International and U.S. maritime laws. The Company has a philosophy of continuous improvement in all aspects of technical operations, including its systems and technologies designed to support such compliance. For more information, see Technical Operations later in this section.
2008 Annual Report
Financial Flexibility-The Company believes its strong balance sheet, comparatively high credit rating and high level of unencumbered assets give it access to both the unsecured bank markets and the public debt markets, allowing it to borrow primarily on an unsecured basis. This, in turn, reduces its financing costs and cash flow breakeven levels. This financial flexibility permits the Company to pursue attractive business opportunities.
Summary of 2008 Events
Fleet expansion activities during the year included vessel purchases and deliveries, expansion into new markets and commercial pool growth. Additionally, the Company continued to actively manage its assets through vessel sale and sale/leaseback transactions. Sale and leaseback transactions not only raise cash that can be redeployed or reinvested, but shift residual risk, providing for greater flexibility in uncertain market conditions.
Fleet Expansion Through Vessel Deliveries and Vessel Purchases
•Two Suezmax tankers were added to the fleet: the Overseas London, a 2000-built 153,000 dwt tanker was bareboat chartered-in for ten years and the Hellespont Trinity, a 1996-built 148,000 dwt tanker, was time chartered-in for one year. Both vessels joined the Suezmax International commercial pool.
•Five Aframax tankers were added to the fleet during the year. The Overseas Acadia, a 113,000 dwt vessel, was sold and time chartered-back for 10 years and the Overseas Everglades, a 113,000 dwt tanker, was sold and bareboat chartered-back for twelve years. OSG has certain purchase option rights with respect to the Overseas Everglades. The Mare Salernum, a 2003-built 111,000 dwt vessel was time chartered-in for two years. The Peak and the Wind, 116,000 dwt newbuild Aframaxes were time chartered in for three years but the charters were terminated in January 2009 by OSG because of a change in ownership of the vessels. The Aframaxes joined the Aframax International commercial pool upon their respective delivery dates.
•Five Handysize newbuild product carriers delivered during 2008. The Overseas Serifos, Overseas Sifnos and Overseas Kimolos, each approximately 51,000 dwt, were bareboat chartered-in for 10 years. The Atlantic Aquarius and Atlantic Leo, each 47,000 dwt, were time chartered-in for seven years. The Company has certain purchase option rights on the Overseas Kimolos and renewal options on the Atlantic Aquarius and Atlantic Leo.
•The Overseas Palawan, a 74,000 dwt coated Panamax product carrier (LR1), delivered and then was sold and bareboat chartered-back for 12 years. OSG has certain purchase option rights on the vessel.
•Two U.S. Flag 46,800 dwt newbuild product carriers delivered in 2008. The Overseas New York and the Overseas Texas City have both been chartered-in for seven years. OSG has extension options for the life of both vessels.
•With the delivery of two Q-Flex LNG carriers in the first quarter, all four of the Company's LNG carriers were operating on 25-year time charters. OSG has a 49.9% ownership interest in the joint venture entity that owns the LNG carriers. New Markets
In the first quarter of 2008, the Company announced its entrance into the FSO (Floating Storage and Offloading) service vessel market. Maersk Oil Qatar AS awarded two service contracts to a joint venture between OSG and Euronav NV, each for a term of eight years. Each of the two companies will sell one ULCC (the TI Africa owned by OSG and the TI Asia owned by Euronav) to the joint venture to be converted to an FSO. The FSOs are expected to commence service in the second half of 2009.
Active Asset Management Through Asset Sale and Sale and Leaseback Transactions
During the year, the Company sold or sold and leased-back a total of nine vessels, including the Overseas Acadia, Overseas Everglades and Overseas Palawan mentioned above, generating $462 million in total proceeds and $78 million in gain on vessels sales.
•Five vessels were sold during the year: the Pacific Ruby, a 1994-built Aframax tanker, the M215, a U.S. Flag single hull ATB; the Overseas Aquamar, a 1998-built Handysize product carrier; and the charter-in contracts for two 1997-built dry bulk carriers, the Matilde and Chrismir.
•The Overseas Rimar, a 1998-built Handysize product carrier was sold and bareboat chartered back for a period of seven and one-half years. OSG has an option to purchase the vessel at the end of the charter-in period.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
Vessel Redeliveries
•During the year two Handysize product carriers redelivered, the Overseas Uranus, built in 1988 and Overseas Neptune, built in 1989. Commercial Pool Activity
OSG formed Suezmax International in 2008 with Seaarland Shipping Management B.V., a privately held shipping company based in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. As of December 31, 2008, the pool consisted of six Suezmax tankers with seven newbuilds expected to deliver between 2009 and 2011.
The Company's Clean Products International commercial pool expanded to eight medium-range (MR) Handysize product carriers in 2008 with Korea Line Corporation joining the pool's founding members, OSG and Ultragas Group. Korea Line chartered-in the Overseas Sifnos and Overseas Serifos, each for three-year periods. In addition, Korea Lines will contribute two additional newbuild vessels to the pool in 2009, one of which OSG will time charter-in.
Financial Strength and Stability
During the year, the Company repurchased a total of 4.5 million shares at a cost of approximately $259 million through open market purchases. As of December 31, 2008, approximately $37 million remained available for further share repurchases under the $250 million repurchase program that was approved by the Company's Board of Directors in June 2008.
On June 9, 2008, the Company's Board of Directors increased its regular quarterly dividend by 40% to $0.4375 per share from $0.3125 per share, which had been in place since June 2007.
On May 15, 2008, OSG redeemed all $176,115,000 principal outstanding of its 8.25% Senior Notes due 2013. The redemption price was 104.125% of the principal amount of the Notes together with accrued and unpaid interest as of the redemption date. This redemption will reduce the Company's interest expense by approximately $7.0 million per annum through March 2013.
Tax Changes Benefiting OSG's International Shipping Operations
In October 2004, Congress passed the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 which, for taxable years beginning in 2005, reinstates the indefinite deferral of United States taxation on international shipping income until such income is repatriated to the U.S. as dividends. From 1987 through 2004, the Company's international shipping income was subject to current taxation. The tax law effectively restored the pre-1976 tax treatment of international shipping income beginning in 2005 and placed the Company's international fleet on a level playing field with its offshore competitors for the first time since 1986. For more information, see Taxation of the Company later in this section.
Fleet Highlights
As of December 31, 2008, OSG's owned, operated and newbuild fleet aggregated 154 vessels. Of this total, 124 vessels are International Flag and 30 vessels are U.S. Flag. The Marshall Islands is the principal flag of registry of the Company's International Flag vessels. The Company has one of the industry's most modern and efficient fleets in the international market. At a time when customers are demonstrating an increasingly clear preference for modern tonnage based on concerns about the environmental risks associated with older vessels, 100% of OSG's owned International Flag fleet is double hull.
Additional information about the Company's fleet, including its ownership profile, is set forth below under Operations-Fleet Summary, as well as on the Company's website, www.osg.com.
2008 Annual Report
Fleet
(1)Includes ULCCs and two ULCCs being converted to FSOs
(2)Includes lightering vessels
(3)Includes two U.S. Flag vessels that trade primarily in the international markets (and are therefore reflected in the International Product Carriers reportable segment)
(4)Includes one owned car carrier and one newbuild chemical carrier Newbuild Delivery Schedule as of December 31, 2008
Commercial Pools
To increase vessel utilization and thereby revenues, the Company participates in Commercial Pools with other like-minded shipowners of similar modern, well-maintained vessels. By operating a large number of vessels as an integrated transportation system, Commercial Pools offer customers greater flexibility and a higher level of service while achieving scheduling efficiencies. Pools employ experienced commercial charterers and operators who have close working relationships with customers and brokers, while technical management is performed by each shipowner. Pools negotiate charters with customers primarily in the spot market. The size and scope of these pools enable them to enhance utilization rates for pool vessels by securing backhaul voyages and Contracts of Affreightment ("COAs"), thus generating higher effective TCE revenues than otherwise might be obtainable in the spot market while providing a higher level of service offerings to customers. As of December 31, 2008 OSG participates in five pools: Tankers International (TI), Aframax International (AI), Panamax International (PI), Clean Products International (CPI) and the newest pool, Suezmax International (SI). For more information on the pools, see Operations-International Fleet Operations.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
Technical Operations
OSG believes that its commercial success depends in large part on the Company's compliance with safety, quality and environmental ("SQE") standards mandated by worldwide regulators and customers. The Company's integrated technical management centers in the U.S. and Europe manage its operating fleet of International Flag crude oil tankers and refined petroleum product carriers, the U.S. Flag fleet and the gas fleet. In addition to regular maintenance and repair, crews onboard each vessel and OSG's technical management teams of shore side personnel are responsible for ensuring that the Company's fleet meets or exceeds SQE regulations and standards established by customers and the U.S. Coast Guard, SOLAS (the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea) and MARPOL. This is achieved by hiring highly qualified crews and personnel, developing and deploying standardized, fleet-wide operational practices and procedures, continuous education and training and the reinforcement of Company policies through integrated systems and technology, open reporting programs and shore side support. In connection with the Company's philosophy of continuous improvement, OSG's operational integrity group, an audit and investigative function, audits both compliance by vessel crews with operating procedures and vessel compliance with environmental regulatory requirements and vessel safety and maintenance standards and responds to the Company's anonymous self reporting system of possible violations of Company policies and procedures. Furthermore, the Company's Operational Compliance Officer, who reports to the President and the Board of Directors, has independent oversight of fleet-wide vessel operating practices and procedures and global training programs. OSG believes it has one of the most comprehensive environmental compliance programs in the industry with checks and balances throughout its system. As a result of the settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice in 2006, the Company agreed to an environmental compliance program, which was substantially the same as its existing environmental management programs.
Commercial Teams
OSG's commercial teams based in offices in Houston, London, New York, Singapore and Tampa enable customers to have access, at all times, to information about their cargo's position and status. The Company believes that the scale of its fleet, its commercial management skills and its extensive market knowledge allow it to consistently achieve better rates than smaller, independent shipowners. OSG's strong reputation in the marketplace is the result of longstanding relationships with its customers and business partners.
Customers
OSG's customers include major independent and state-owned oil companies, oil traders, and U.S. and international government entities. The Company believes that it distinguishes itself in the shipping market through an emphasis on service, safety and reliability and its ability to maintain and grow long-term customer relationships.
Liquidity
The Company believes that the strength of its balance sheet, and the financial flexibility that it affords, distinguishes it from many of its competitors. In 2008, stockholders' equity declined by $95 million to $1.7 billion, principally due to the Company's repurchase of $259 million of its shares and an increase in the unrealized hedging expense of $118 million related to interest rate swaps that are accounted for as cash flow hedges. Liquidity, including undrawn bank facilities, stood at approximately $1.5 billion at December 31, 2008.
Liquidity adjusted debt to capital was 36.8% at December 31, 2008, compared with 32.6% as of December 31, 2007. The increase reflects share repurchases in 2008, which were substantially funded through borrowings under the Company's unsecured credit facility. For this purpose, liquidity adjusted debt is defined as long-term debt reduced by cash and the balance in the Capital Construction Fund.
Employees
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had 3,774 employees comprised of 3,292 seagoing personnel and 482 shore side staff. The Company has collective bargaining agreements with three different maritime unions covering 614 seagoing personnel employed on the Company's U.S. Flag vessels. These agreements are in effect for periods ending between March 2010 and June 2015. Under the collective bargaining agreements, the Company is obligated to make contributions to pension and other welfare programs. OSG believes that it has a satisfactory relationship with its employees.
2008 Annual Report
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements regarding the outlook for tanker and articulated tug/barge markets, and the Company's prospects, including prospects for certain strategic alliances and investments. There are a number of factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements, including changes in production of or demand for oil and petroleum products, either globally or in particular regions; the outcome of the Company's negotiations with American Shipping Company ASA, formerly known as Aker American Shipping ASA, and with Bender Shipbuilding and Repair Co., Inc.; prospects for the growth of the Gas segment; greater than anticipated levels of newbuilding orders or less than anticipated rates of scrapping of older vessels; changes in trading patterns for particular commodities significantly impacting overall tonnage requirements; changes in the global economy and various regional economies; risks incident to vessel operation, including accidents and discharge of pollutants; unanticipated changes in laws and regulations; increases in costs of operation; drydocking schedules differing from those previously anticipated; the ability of the Company to attract and retain experienced, qualified and skilled crewmembers; changes in credit risk of counterparties, including shipyards, suppliers and financial lenders: delays (including failure to deliver) or cost overruns in the building of new vessels; the cost and availability of insurance coverage; the availability to the Company of suitable vessels for acquisition or chartering-in on terms it deems favorable; changes in the pooling arrangements in which the Company participates, including withdrawal of participants or termination of such arrangements; estimates of future costs and other liabilities for certain environmental matters and compliance plans; and projections of the costs needed to develop and implement the Company's strategy of being a market leader in the segments in which the Company competes. The Company assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K and written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or its representatives after the date of this Form 10-K are qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statement contained in this paragraph and in other reports hereafter filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
OPERATIONS
The bulk shipping of crude oil and refined and unrefined petroleum products has many distinct market segments based, in large part, on the size and design configuration of vessels required and, in some cases, on the flag of registry. Freight rates in each market segment are determined by a variety of factors affecting the supply and demand for suitable vessels. Tankers, ATBs and Product Carriers are not bound to specific ports or schedules and therefore can respond to market opportunities by moving between trades and geographical areas. The Company has established three reportable business segments: International Crude Tankers, International Product Carriers, and U.S. vessels.
The following chart reflects the percentage of TCE revenues generated by the Company's three reportable segments for each year in the three-year period ended December 31, 2008 and excludes the Company's proportionate share of TCE revenues of affiliated companies.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
The following chart reflects the percentage of income from vessel operations accounted for by each reportable segment. Income from vessel operations is before general and administrative expenses, gain on disposal of vessels, impairment charges (vessel and goodwill) and the Company's share of income from affiliated companies:
For additional information regarding the Company's three reportable segments for the three years ended December 31, 2008, and reconciliations of (i) time charter equivalent revenues to shipping revenues and (ii) income from vessel operations for the segments to income before federal income taxes, as reported in the consolidated statements of operations, see Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations set forth in Item 7, and Note F to the Company's consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8.
The Other International segment for 2006 reflects a $27 million increase in the reserve for the settlement of investigations by the U.S. Department of Justice.
Revenues from International Crude Tankers are derived principally from voyage charters and are, therefore, significantly affected by prevailing spot rates. In contrast to International Crude Tankers, revenues from International Product Carriers and the vessels included in the U.S. reportable segment are derived principally from time charters generating a more predictable level of TCE earnings. Accordingly, the relative contributions of the Product Carriers and the U.S. segment's vessels to consolidated TCE revenues and to consolidated income from vessel operations are influenced by the level of freight rates then existing in the international market for crude oil tankers, increasing when such rates decrease, as they did in 2007, and decreasing when such rates increase as was the case for 2008.
Charter Types
The Company believes that by balancing the mix of TCE revenues generated by voyage charters and time charters, the Company is able to maximize its financial performance throughout shipping cycles.
Spot Market
Voyage charters, including vessels operating in Commercial Pools that predominantly operate in the spot market, constituted 65% of the Company's TCE revenues in 2008, 60% in 2007 and 69% in 2006. The above information is based, in part, on information provided by the pools or commercial ventures in which OSG participates. Accordingly, the Company's shipping revenues are significantly affected by prevailing spot rates for voyage charters in the markets in which the Company's vessels operate. Spot market rates are highly volatile. Rates are determined by market forces such as local and worldwide demand for the commodities carried (such as crude oil or petroleum products), volumes of trade, distances that the commodities must be transported, and the amount of available tonnage both at the time such tonnage is required and over the period of projected use. Seasonal trends greatly affect world oil consumption and consequently vessel demand. While trends in consumption vary with season, peaks in demand quite often precede seasonal consumption peaks as refiners and suppliers try to anticipate consumer demand. Seasonal peaks in oil demand are principally driven by increased demand prior to Northern Hemisphere winters, as heating oil consumption increases, and increased demand for gasoline prior to the summer driving season in the U.S. Available tonnage is affected over time, by the volume of newbuilding deliveries, the removal (principally through scrapping or conversion) of existing vessels from service, and by the greater efficiency of modern tonnage. Scrapping is affected by the level of freight rates, by the level of scrap prices and by international and U.S. governmental regulations that require the maintenance of vessels within certain standards and mandate the retirement of vessels lacking double hulls.
Time and Bareboat Charter Market
A significant portion of the Company's U.S. Flag fleet, its International Flag Product Carrier fleet, the LNG fleet and the two FSOs upon the completion of their conversions, is, or will be, on time charter, providing a significant and predictable level of earnings, which is not subject to fluctuations in spot-market rates. Time and bareboat charters constituted 35% of the Company's TCE revenues in 2008, 40% in 2007 and 31% in 2006. Some of the Company's older chartered-in vessels are chartered through the remainder of their commercial lives.
2008 Annual Report
Fleet Summary
As of December 31, 2008, OSG's International Flag and U.S. Flag operating fleet consisted of 122 vessels, 48% of which were owned, with the remaining vessels bareboat or time chartered-in. In order to maximize returns on invested capital, particularly during periods when newbuilding prices and second-hand prices are high, the Company charters-in tonnage, enabling it to expand its fleet without making additional capital commitments. Vessels chartered-in may be Bareboat Charters (where OSG is responsible for all Vessel Expenses) or Time Charters (where the shipowner pays Vessel Expenses).
(1)Includes two owned U.S. Flag Product Carriers that trade internationally, thus associated revenue is included in the Product Carrier segment.
(2)Includes the Overseas Integrity and M300, which were in lay-up at December 31, 2008.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
The table below reflects the average age of the Company's owned International Flag fleet in comparison with the world fleet.
*Source: Clarkson database as of January 1, 2009 International Fleet Operations
Crude Oil Tankers
In order to enhance vessel utilization and TCE revenues, the Company has placed its ULCC, VLCC, Suexmax and Aframax tankers, except five dedicated lightering vessels, as well as a number of Panamax tankers into Commercial Pools that are responsible for the Commercial Management of these vessels. The pools collect revenue from customers, pay voyage-related expenses, and distribute TCE revenues to the participants, after deducting administrative fees, according to formulas based upon the relative carrying capacity, speed, and fuel consumption of each vessel.
•Tankers International-Tankers International was formed in December 1999 by OSG and other leading tanker companies in order to pool the commercial operation of their modern VLCC fleets. As of December 31, 2008, Tankers International had eight participants and managed a fleet of 40 modern VLCCs and ULCCs that trade throughout the world, including all 19 (16.5, weighted by ownership) of the Company's ULCC and VLCC owned and chartered-in vessels.
Tankers International performs the Commercial Management of its participants' vessels. The large number of vessels managed by Tankers International gives it the ability to enhance vessel utilization through backhaul cargoes and COAs, thereby generating greater TCE revenues. In recent years, crude oil shipments from West Africa to Asia have expanded, increasing opportunities for vessels otherwise returning in ballast (i.e., without cargo) from Europe and North America to load cargoes in West Africa for delivery in Asia. Such combination voyages are used to maximize vessel utilization by minimizing the distance vessels travel in ballast.
By consolidating the Commercial Management of its substantial fleet, Tankers International is able to offer its customers access to an expanded fleet of high-quality VLCCs and ULCCs. The size of the fleet enables Tankers International to become the logistics partner of major customers, providing new and improved tools to help them better manage their shipping programs, inventories and risk.
•Suezmax International-Suezmax International was formed in June 2008 by the Company and Seaarland Shipping Management B.V., a privately held shipping company based in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. As of December 31, 2008, the pool has two participants and provides the Commercial Management of a fleet which primarily trades in the Atlantic Basin. As of December 31, 2008, Suezmax International managed a fleet of six modern Suezmaxes, including all three (2.5 weighted by ownership) of the Company's owned and chartered-in vessels.
•Aframax International-Since 1996, the Company and PDV Marina S.A., the marine transportation subsidiary of the Venezuelan state-owned oil company, have pooled the Commercial Management of their Aframax fleets. As of December 31, 2008, there were eight participants in Aframax International and the pool Commercially Managed 48 vessels, including 20 (15 weighted by ownership) of the Company's owned and chartered-in vessels. Aframax International's vessels generally trade in the Atlantic Basin, North Sea and the Mediterranean. The Aframax International pool has been able to enhance vessel utilization with backhaul cargoes and COAs, thereby generating higher TCE revenues than would otherwise be attainable in the spot market.
•Panamax International-Panamax International was formed in April 2004 and provides the Commercial Management of the Panamax fleets of its three participants. As of December 31, 2008, Panamax International managed a fleet of 27 modern Panamaxes, which includes six of the Company's crude Panamaxes and two of its Panamax Product Carriers, as well as three crude Panamaxes that are time chartered to one of the pool partners. 2008 Annual Report
Product Carriers
International Product Carriers constitutes one of the Company's reportable business segments and is made up of a diverse International Flag and U.S. Flag fleet that transport refined petroleum products worldwide. The fleet, consisting of 33 medium-range ("MR") Product Carriers and five long-range Panamax coated tankers ("LR1"), gives OSG the ability to provide a broad range of services to global customers. Refined petroleum product cargoes are transported from refineries to consuming markets characterized by both long- and short-haul routes. The market is driven by global refinery capacity, changes in consumer demand and product specifications and cargo arbitrage opportunities. The Company's expansion of its Product Carrier fleet is consistent with its balanced growth strategy and was built upon a commercial and technical platform of operating a core fleet of Handysize Product Carriers by expanding and growing revenues and earnings in a market sector with more predictable earnings characteristics.
In contrast to the crude oil tanker market, the refined petroleum trades are more complex due to the diverse nature of product cargoes, which include gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, home heating oil, vegetable oils and organic chemicals (e.g., methanol and ethylene glycols). The trades require crews to have specialized certifications. Customer vetting requirements can be more rigorous and, in general, vessel operations are more complex due to the fact that refineries can be in closer proximity to importing nations, resulting in more frequent port calls and discharging, cleaning and loading operations than crude oil tankers.
OSG has opportunistically expanded its commercial footprint in the Product Carrier segment through acquisitions, newbuildings, chartering-in vessels and commercial alliances.
•OSG trades seven of its Handysize Product Carriers, including four that are time chartered to the other pool participants, in the Clean Products International Pool, a regional Commercial Pool formed in 2006 with Ultragas Group. As of December 31, 2008, the pool had three participants. The pool is comprised of eight vessels and concentrates on triangulation trades in South America.
•Since 2005, OSG has ordered or chartered-in from third parties 14 newbuild Handysize Product Carriers and eight newbuild Panamax Product Carriers. Delivery of these vessels began in 2006 and will continue through 2011. These newbuilds are an important part of the business unit's strategy to modernize and expand its fleet, and offset redeliveries of older, chartered-in Handysize vessels scheduled for 2008 and 2009. Of the Product Carrier newbuild program, all except one of the Handysize vessels will be IMO III compliant, allowing for increased flexibility when switching between cargo grades.
•Two U.S. Flag vessels that participate in the U.S. government's Maritime Security Program, the Overseas Maremar and the Overseas Luxmar, are included in the International Product Carrier unit. For detailed information on the Maritime Security Program, see U.S. Flag Fleet Operations, Maritime Security Program later in this section. The Overseas Ambermar also participated in the U.S. government's Maritime Security Program, but ceased such participation in September 2008 and was reflagged under Marshall Islands Flag. Gas
Gas constitutes one of the Company's business units, which will transport two important energy sources: liquefied natural gas and compressed natural gas. The Company entered each of these energy sectors with strategic partners, a tactic that allows OSG to gain experience in each sector prior to committing to more significant expansion. The expansion into the gas market further enhances the Company's fixed revenue and earnings base, since both LNG and CNG markets are characterized by long-term time-charters.
•The joint venture in which OSG has a 49.9% interest constructed four 216,000 cbm LNG Carriers, two of which delivered in the fourth quarter of 2007 and two of which delivered in the first quarter of 2008. The Company entered this emerging energy market in November 2004, after a competitive tender process whereby Qatar Liquefied Gas Company Limited (II) selected a joint venture between the Company and Qatar Gas Transport Company Limited (Nakilat) to time charter the LNG Carriers for twenty-five years, with options to extend. The joint venture ordered the four vessels at a total purchase price of $918 million. The Company provides Technical Management for these state-of-the-art vessels. For more information about the financing of the LNG Carriers, see Note H to the consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8.
•The Company entered the CNG segment in 2006 through a partnership between OSG and TransCanada CNG Technologies Ltd, a subsidiary of TransCanada Corporation. The partnership combines OSG's knowledge of marine transportation and vessel construction with TransCanada's patented technology for Gas Transport Modules ("GTMs") that is intended to enable the development of efficient and commercially viable CNG vessels.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
TransCanada's GTM technology utilizes a proprietary composite reinforced steel pressure container system manufactured under license from NCF Industries Inc. (U.S. and foreign patents issued and pending).
U.S. Flag Fleet Operations
OSG is one of the largest commercial owners and operators of Jones Act vessels in the United States. The Company's U.S. Flag Fleet has expanded significantly since 2004 and today consists of 30 owned, operated and newbuild Handysize Product Carrier and ATBs. As a U.S.-based company, OSG is uniquely positioned to participate in the U.S. Jones Act shipping market, a trade that is not available to its foreign-based competitors. Under the Jones Act, shipping between U.S. ports, including the movement of Alaskan crude oil to U.S. ports, is reserved for U.S. Flag vessels that are built in the U.S. and owned by U.S. companies more than 75% owned and controlled by U.S. citizens. The Jones Act regulations, coupled with tax law changes in the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, has enabled OSG to significantly invest in and expand its U.S. Fleet business.
•ATBs-In November 2006, OSG acquired Maritrans Inc., a leading U.S. Flag crude oil and petroleum product shipping company that owned and operated one of the largest fleets of double hull Jones Act vessels serving the East and U.S. Gulf coastwise trades. This strategic acquisition gave OSG a presence in all major U.S. trading routes; intra U.S. Gulf, U.S. Gulf to the East Coast, U.S. Gulf to the West Coast, the Alaskan North Slope trades and the Delaware Bay. In addition, the acquisition provided for a qualifying use of OSG's Capital Construction Fund towards the acquisition of construction contracts for ATBs that will be used for lightering services in the Delaware Bay.
•Jones Act Product Carrier Newbuild Order-In June 2005, OSG signed agreements to bareboat charter-in 10 Jones Act Product Carriers to be constructed by Aker Philadelphia Shipyard, Inc. and in October 2007, the order was further expanded by an additional two sister ships. The unique market dynamic of a declining Jones Act single hull fleet in the U.S. as a result of the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 ("OPA 90"), coupled with the expected continued growth in demand by U.S. consumers for crude oil and petroleum products transported by sea, served as the basis for OSG placing the series order for the product carriers prior to securing employment for the vessels. OSG has chartered-in each vessel for initial terms of five to ten years commencing on delivery of each vessel. The Company has extension options for the life of the vessels. As of December 31, 2008, OSG has entered into long-term time charters-out for 11 of these 12 vessels. Three of the ships delivered in 2007 and two in 2008. All five ships have commenced long-term charters. The remaining seven vessels under construction will deliver from 2009 through 2011.
•Alaskan North Slope Trade-OSG has a significant presence in the Alaskan North Slope trade through its 37.5% equity interest in Alaska Tanker Company, LLC ("ATC"), a joint venture that was formed in 1999 among OSG, BP p.l.c. ("BP") and Keystone Shipping Company ("Keystone"), to support BP's Alaskan crude oil transportation requirements. The Company's participation in ATC provides it with the ability to earn additional income (incentive hire) based upon ATC's meeting certain predetermined performance standards. Such income, which is included in equity in income of affiliated companies, amounted to $5.3 million in 2008, $5.7 million in 2007 and $6.8 million in 2006.
•Maritime Security Program-Certain of the Company's vessels participate in the U.S. Maritime Security Program (the "Program"), which ensures that militarily useful U.S. Flag vessels are available to the U.S. Department of Defense in the event of war or national emergency. In 2005, the Company signed four agreements with the Maritime Administrator of the Department of Transportation pursuant to which the Company entered three reflagged U.S. Flag Product Carriers and re-entered its U.S. Flag Pure Car Carrier into the Program. The terms of the agreements relating to the reflagged Product Carriers are four years, subject to extension to a total of ten years in the event that the Company is awarded certain construction subsidies under the National Defense Tanker Vessel Construction Program ("NDTVCP") and substitutes appropriate newbuild vessels constructed with such subsidies for the reflagged Product Carriers. Congressional funding of the NDTVCP has not been approved and there can be no assurance that Congress will provide such construction subsidies, that such subsidies will be awarded to the Company or that terms of these agreements will be extended if the Company does not substitute newbuild vessels constructed with such subsidies. Under the Company's 10-year agreement relating to the Pure Car Carrier, the vessel continued in the Program through October 2007, at which time the vessel, Overseas Joyce, exited the Program and was reflagged under the Marshalls Island flag. In September 2008, one of the three U.S. Flag Product Carriers exited the program and was reflagged under the Marshall Islands Flag. Under the Program, the Company receives approximately $2.6 million per year for each vessel through 2009, $2.9 million per year for each vessel 2008 Annual Report
from 2010 through 2011, and $3.1 million per year for each vessel from 2012 through 2016, subject in each case to annual Congressional appropriations.
•Capital Construction Fund-To encourage private investment in U.S. Flag vessels, the Merchant Marine Act of 1970 (the "Act") permits deferral of taxes on earnings from U.S. Flag vessels deposited into a Capital Construction Fund and amounts earned thereon, which can be used for the construction or acquisition of, or retirement of debt on, qualified U.S. Flag vessels (primarily those limited to foreign, Great Lakes, and noncontiguous domestic trades). The Company is a party to an agreement under such Act. Under the agreement, the general objective is for U.S. Flag vessels to be constructed or acquired through the use of assets accumulated in the fund. If the agreement is terminated or amounts are withdrawn from the Capital Construction Fund for non-qualified purposes, such amounts will then be subject to federal income taxes. Monies can remain tax-deferred in the fund for a maximum period of 25 years (commencing January 1, 1987 for deposits prior thereto). The Company had approximately $49 million in its Capital Construction Fund as of December 31, 2008. The Company's balance sheet at December 31, 2008 includes a liability of approximately $17 million for deferred taxes on the fund deposits and earnings thereon. During 2008 and 2007, the Company withdrew an aggregate of approximately $282 million from its Capital Construction Fund towards the initial acquisition of the construction contracts for the Lightering ATBs and for subsequent construction costs. Investments in Affiliated Companies
The following chart reflects the percentage of income of investments in joint ventures accounted for using the equity method by each reportable segment.
The only operating vessels held in companies accounted for by the equity method at December 31, 2006 and 2005 were those held through DHT Maritime Inc., formerly Double Hull Tankers, Inc. ("DHT"), all of which are on time charters to OSG, with profit sharing. In October 2005, the Company sold seven tankers (three VLCCs and four Aframaxes) to DHT in connection with DHT's initial public offering. During the first six months of 2007, the Company sold its remaining shares of DHT reducing its interest in DHT to 0.0% as of June 30, 2007 from 44.5% as of December 31, 2006. These vessels are time chartered back to OSG at fixed rates for initial periods of five to six and one-half years. In December 2008, OSG declared its option to extend the charter periods by 18 months for two of the Aframaxes and by 12 months for the other five vessels. The charters provide for the payment of additional hire, on a quarterly basis, by OSG when the aggregate revenue earned by these vessels for the Company exceeds the sum of the basic hire paid during the quarter by the Company.
The four 216,000 cbm LNG Carriers were delivered from shipyards in the Far East, two in the fourth quarter of 2007 with the remaining two delivering in the first quarter of 2008. After a ballast voyage to the Middle East, the cost of which was expensed in accordance with current accounting rules, each vessel commenced 25-year time charters. The Company's share of the results of these vessels is included in International-Other in the above table.
In February 2008, Maersk Oil Qatar AS awarded two service contracts to a joint venture between OSG and Euronav NV for eight year terms. The Company has a 50% interest in this joint venture. The service contracts provide for two ULCCs to be sold to the joint venture and then converted to FSOs at an approximate cost of $160,000,000 each. The FSOs are expected to commence service in the second half of 2009. The first ULCC entered the joint venture in October 2008 and commenced conversion. The Company's share of results of this joint venture, which in 2008 consisted principally of project management costs, is included in International-Crude in the above table.
COMPETITION
The shipping industry is highly competitive and fragmented with OSG competing with other owners of U.S. and International Flag tankers. Competitors include other independent shipowners and integrated oil companies and state owned entities with their own fleets, oil traders with logistical operations, and pipelines.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
OSG's vessels compete with all other vessels of a size and type required by the customer that can be available at the date specified. In the spot market, competition is based primarily on price, although charterers are becoming more selective with respect to the quality of the vessel they hire considering other key factors such as the reliability and quality of operations and a preference for modern double hull vessels based on concerns about environmental risks associated with older vessels. Consequently, owners of large modern double hull fleets have gained a competitive advantage over owners of older fleets. In the time charter market, factors such as the age and quality of the vessel and reputation of its owner and operator tend to be even more significant when competing for business.
OSG's fleet of VLCCs and ULCCs is commercially managed though Tankers International. Tankers International, with a total of 40 VLCCs and ULCCs as of December 31, 2008 is a leading player in this highly competitive and fragmented market. Its main competitors include Frontline Ltd., BW Group Ltd., Mitsui OSK Lines, Ltd., Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha and VELA International Marine Ltd., the shipping arm of the Saudi Arabian Oil Company, and Kristen Navigation Inc.
OSG formed the Suezmax International pool in 2008. There are currently six tankers in the pool that trades primarily in the Atlantic Basin, South America and Mediterranean areas. The main competitors of the Suezmax International pool include the Gemini Tankers pool, the Stena Sonagol pool and the Blue Fin Tankers pool. Other competitors include non-pool owners such as Dynacom Tankers Management, Ltd., Thenamaris Ships Management, Inc., Delta Tankers Ltd. and OAO Sovcomflot.
OSG is a founding member of Aframax International, which consists of 48 Aframaxes trading primarily in the Atlantic Basin, North Sea, Baltic and the Mediterranean areas. Aframax International is one of the three largest operators in this market sector. Aframax International's main competitors include Teekay Corporation, General Maritime Corporation and Sigma Tankers Inc.
OSG's main competitors in the highly fragmented Panamax trade include owners, trader's relets and pool operators. Substantially all of OSG's fleet of Panamax tankers is commercial managed by Panamax International, which commercially manages 27 double hull vessels. Main competitors include Star Tankers Inc., A/S Dampskibsselskabet Torm and Scorpio Pool Management S.A.M.
In the Handysize Product Carrier segment, OSG owns or charters-in a fleet of 33 vessels that competes in a highly fragmented market. Seven of the OSG vessels are operated in the Clean Product International Pool. Main competitors include Glencore International AG, Handytankers K/S, Vitol Group, Trafigura, A/S Dampskibsselskabet Torm and OAO Sovcomflot.
The U.S. Jones Act restricts U.S. point-to-point seaborne shipments to vessels operating under U.S. Flag that were built in the U.S., manned by U.S. crews and at least 75% owned and operated by U.S. citizens. OSG's primary competitors are operators of U.S. Flag oceangoing barges and tankers, such as Seacor Holdings Inc., Crowley Maritime Corporation and U.S. Shipping Partners L.P. and operators of refined product pipelines such as Colonial and Plantation pipeline systems that transport refined petroleum products directly from refineries to markets.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SECURITY MATTERS RELATING TO BULK SHIPPING
Government regulation significantly affects the operation of the Company's vessels. OSG's vessels are subject to international conventions, national, state and local laws and regulations in force in the countries in which such vessels may operate or are registered.
The Company's vessels undergo regular and rigorous in-house safety reviews. In addition, a variety of governmental and private entities subject the Company's vessels to both scheduled and unscheduled inspections. These entities include local port state control authorities (U.S. Coast Guard, harbor master or equivalent), Classification Societies, flag state administration (country of registry) and charterers, particularly major oil companies and petroleum terminal operators. Certain of these entities require OSG to obtain permits, licenses and certificates for the operation of the Company's vessels. Failure to maintain necessary permits or approvals could require OSG to incur substantial costs or temporarily suspend operation of one or more of the Company's vessels.
The Company believes that the heightened level of environmental and quality concerns among insurance underwriters, regulators and charterers is leading to greater inspection and safety requirements on all vessels. Increasing environmental concerns have created a demand for tankers that conform to the stricter environmental standards. The Company is required to maintain operating standards for all of its tankers emphasizing operational safety, quality maintenance, continuous training of its officers and crews and compliance with international and U.S.
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regulations. OSG believes that the operation of its vessels is in compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations; however, because such laws and regulations are frequently changed and may impose increasingly stringent requirements, OSG cannot predict the ultimate cost of complying with these requirements, or the impact of these requirements on the resale value or useful lives of its tankers.
International Environmental and Safety Restrictions and Regulations
Phase Out of Non Double Hull Tankers:
In April 2001, the International Maritime Organization ("IMO") adopted regulations under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, or MARPOL, requiring new tankers of 5,000 dwt and over, contracted for construction since July 6, 1993, to have double hull, mid-deck or equivalent design. At that time the regulations also required the phase out of non double hull tankers by 2015, with tankers having double sides or double bottoms permitted to operate until the earlier of 2017 or when the vessel reaches 25 years of age. Existing single hull tankers were required to be phased out unless retrofitted with double hull, mid-deck or equivalent design no later than 30 years after delivery. These regulations were adopted by over 150 nations, including many of the jurisdictions in which the Company's tankers operate. Subsequent amendments to the MARPOL regulations accelerated the phase out of single hull tankers to 2005 (at the latest) for Category I vessels and 2010 (at the latest) for Category II vessels. Category I vessels include crude oil tankers of 20,000 dwt and above and product carriers of 30,000 dwt and above that are pre-MARPOL Segregated Ballast Tanks ("SBT") carriers. Category II vessels include crude oil vessels of 20,000 dwt and above and product carriers of 30,000 dwt and above that are post-MARPOL SBT vessels.
In addition, a Condition Assessment Scheme ("CAS") will apply to all single hull tankers 15 years or older. Flag states, however, may permit the continued operation of Category II tankers beyond 2010, subject to satisfactory CAS results, but only to 2015 or 25 years of age, whichever comes earlier. Category II tankers fitted with double bottoms or double sides not used for the carriage of oil will be permitted to trade beyond 2010 to 25 years of age, subject to the approval of the flag state. Although flag states may grant life extensions to Category II tankers, port states are permitted to deny entry to their ports and offshore terminals to single hull tankers operating under such life extensions after 2010, and to double sided or double bottomed tankers after 2015.
MARPOL Regulation 13H banned the carriage of heavy grade oils ("HGO") in single hull tankers of more than 5,000 dwt after April 5, 2005, except that flag states may permit Category II tankers to continue to carry HGO beyond 2005 (until the vessel reaches 25 years of age), subject to satisfactory CAS results. This regulation predominantly affected heavy crude oil from Latin America, as well as heavy fuel oil, bitumen, tar and related products.
The IMO may adopt additional regulations in the future that could further restrict the operation of single hull vessels.
European Union ("EU") regulation (EC) No. 417/2002, which was introduced in the wake of the sinking of the Erika off the coast of France in December 1999, provided a timetable for the phase out of single hull tankers from EU waters. In 2003, in response to the Prestige oil spill in November 2002, the EU adopted legislation that (a) banned all Category I single hull tankers over the age of 23 years immediately, (b) phased out all other Category I single hull tankers in 2005 and (c) prohibits all single hull tankers used for the transport of oil from entering its ports or offshore terminals after 2010, with double sided or double bottomed tankers permitted to trade until 2015 or until reaching 25 years of age, whichever comes earlier. The EU, following the lead of certain EU nations such as Italy and Spain, also banned all single hull tankers carrying heavy grades of oil from entering or leaving its ports or offshore terminals or anchoring in areas under its jurisdiction.
Many users of oil transportation services operating around Europe are showing a willingness to pay a higher freight rate for double hull tankers than for single hull tankers. It is becoming increasingly more difficult to obtain clearance for single hull tankers from many countries and oil terminals.
OSG's International Flag tanker fleet is comprised of modern double hull vessels, except for 11 chartered-in Handysize Product Carriers as of December 31, 2008 (all of which are due to be redelivered to their owners by July 2009) and two chartered-in Aframax lightering vessels, which do not qualify as double hull for MARPOL or EU purposes. The direct impact to the Company of the revised and accelerated IMO phase out schedule will be limited, as all of the Company's crude oil tankers, except these two chartered-in, double sided Aframaxes that are used exclusively in lightering activities in the U.S. Gulf, and all but these 11 chartered-in International Flag Product Carriers, are double hull, and the charters-in expire prior to the date of the respective vessels' IMO phase out. The two non double hull International Flag lightering vessels may not command premium rates if customers become less inclined to use non double hull vessels generally or for this purpose. The Company's four double bottom U.S. Flag
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
Product Carriers participate in the U.S. Jones Act trades and are therefore not affected by the IMO phase-out schedule. The U.S. has not adopted the 2001 amendments to the MARPOL regulations, which were viewed as less restrictive than OPA 90 regulations that were already in place.
Liability Standards and Limits:
Many countries have ratified and follow the liability plan adopted by the IMO and set out in the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969 (the "1969 Convention"). Some of these countries have also adopted the 1992 Protocol to the 1969 Convention (the "1992 Protocol"). Under both the 1969 Convention and the 1992 Protocol, a vessel's registered owner is strictly liable for pollution damage caused in the territorial waters of a contracting state by discharge of persistent oil, subject to certain complete defenses. These conventions also limit the liability of the shipowner under certain circumstances. As these conventions calculate liability in terms of a basket of currencies, the figures in this section are converted into U.S. dollars based on currency exchange rates on January 27, 2009.
Under the 1969 Convention, except where the owner is guilty of actual fault, its liability is limited to $198 per gross ton (a unit of measurement for the total enclosed spaces within a vessel) with a maximum liability of $20.9 million. Under the 1992 Protocol, the owner's liability is limited except where the pollution damage results from its personal act or omission, committed with the intent to cause such damage, or recklessly and with knowledge that such damage would probably result. Under the 2000 amendments to the 1992 Protocol, which became effective on November 1, 2003, liability is limited to approximately $6.7 million plus $940 for each additional gross ton over 5,000 for vessels of 5,000 to 140,000 gross tons, and approximately $133.9 million for vessels over 140,000 gross tons, subject to the exceptions discussed above for the 1992 Protocol.
Vessels trading to states that are parties to these conventions must provide evidence of insurance covering the liability of the owner. The Company believes that its P&I insurance will cover any liability under the plan adopted by the IMO. See the discussion of Insurance below.
The U.S. is not a party to the 1969 Convention or the 1992 Protocol. See the discussion of Domestic Environmental and Safety Restrictions and Regulations below. In other jurisdictions where the 1969 Convention has not been adopted, various legislative schemes or common law govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or in a manner similar to that convention.
The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001, which was adopted on March 23, 2001 and became effective on November 21, 2008, is a separate convention adopted to ensure that adequate, prompt and effective compensation is available to persons who suffer damage caused by spills of oil when used as fuel by vessels. The convention applies to damage caused to the territory, including the territorial sea, and in its exclusive economic zones, of states that are party to it. While the U.S. has not yet ratified this convention, vessels operating internationally would be subject to it, if sailing within the territories of those countries that have implemented its provisions. The Company's vessels are currently in compliance with these requirements.
Other International Environmental and Safety Regulations:
Under the International Safety Management Code, or ISM Code, promulgated by the IMO, vessel operators are required to develop an extensive safety management system that includes, among other things, the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for operating their vessels safely and describing procedures for responding to emergencies. OSG has developed such a safety management system. The ISM Code also requires that vessel operators obtain a safety management certificate for each vessel they operate. This certificate evidences compliance by a vessel's management with code requirements for a safety management system. No vessel can obtain a certificate unless its operator has been awarded a document of compliance, issued by the flag state of that vessel, under the ISM Code.
All of the Company's vessels are certified under the standards promulgated by the International Standards Organization in ISO 9001 in 2000 and ISO 14001 in 2004 and those promulgated by the IMO in its International Safety Management ("ISM") safety and pollution prevention protocols. The ISM Code requires a document of compliance to be obtained for the vessel manager and a safety management certificate to be obtained for each vessel that it operates. The Company has obtained documents of compliance for its shore side offices that have responsibility for vessel management and safety management certificates for each of the vessels that such offices manage. These documents of compliance and safety management certificates must be verified or renewed periodically (annually or less frequently, depending on the type of document) in accordance with the ISM Code.
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IMO regulations also require owners and operators of vessels to adopt Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plans, or SOPEPs. Periodic training and drills for response personnel and for vessels and their crews are required. In addition to SOPEPs, OSG has adopted Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plans, or SMPEPs, which cover potential releases not only of oil but of any noxious liquid substances (known as NLSs).
Noncompliance with the ISM Code and other IMO regulations may subject the shipowner or charterer to increased liability, may lead to decreases in available insurance coverage for affected vessels and may result in the denial of access to, or detention in, some ports. For example, the U.S. Coast Guard and EU authorities have indicated that vessels not in compliance with the ISM Code will be prohibited from trading with U.S. and EU ports.
Other EU Legislation and Regulations:
The EU has adopted legislation that: (1) bans manifestly sub-standard vessels (defined as those over 15 years old that have been detained by port authorities at least twice in a six month period) from European waters, creates an obligation for port states to inspect at least 25% of vessels using their ports annually and provides for increased surveillance of vessels posing a high risk to maritime safety or the marine environment, and (2) provides the EU with greater authority and control over Classification Societies, including the ability to seek to suspend or revoke the authority of negligent societies. In addition, the EU is considering the adoption of criminal sanctions for certain pollution events, such as the unauthorized discharge of tank washings. Certain member states of the European Union, by virtue of their national legislation, already impose criminal sanctions for pollution events under certain circumstances. It is impossible to predict what additional legislation or regulations, if any, may be promulgated by the EU or any other country or authority.
International Air Emission Standards:
Annex VI to MARPOL, which was designed to address air pollution from vessels and which became effective internationally on May 19, 2005, sets limits on sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from ship exhausts and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons. Annex VI also imposes a global cap (currently 4.50%) on the sulfur content of fuel oil and allows for specialized areas to be established internationally with more stringent controls on sulfur emissions. For vessels over 400 gross tons, Annex VI imposes various survey and certification requirements. The U.S. Maritime Pollution Prevention Act of 2008, signed into law by President Bush in July 2008, amended the U.S. Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships to provide for the adoption of Annex VI of MARPOL. In October 2008, the U.S. became the 53rd state to ratify Annex VI, which came into force in the U.S. on January 8, 2009.
Annex VI was amended in 2008 to provide for a progressive and substantial reduction in sulfur oxide ("SOx") and nitrogen oxide ("NOx") emissions from vessels and allow for the designation of Emission Control Areas, for SOx and particulate matter, or all three types of emissions from vessels, in which more stringent controls would apply. The primary changes are that the global cap on the sulfur content of fuel oil is reduced to 3.50% effective from January 1, 2012, and such cap is further reduced progressively to 0.50% effective from January 1, 2020, subject to a feasibility review to be completed no later than 2018.
All vessels in the Company's International and U.S. Flag fleets are currently Annex VI compliant. However, additional or new conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted in the future that could adversely affect the Company's ability to comply with applicable air pollution regulations or could result in material cost increases to assure such compliance.
Domestic Environmental and Safety Restrictions and Regulations
The U.S. regulates the shipping industry with an extensive regulatory and liability regime for environmental protection and cleanup of oil spills, consisting primarily of OPA 90, and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA. OPA 90 affects all owners and operators whose vessels trade with the U.S. or its territories or possessions, or whose vessels operate in the waters of the U.S., which include the U.S. territorial sea and the 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone around the United States. CERCLA applies to the discharge of hazardous substances (other than oil) whether on land or at sea. Both OPA 90 and CERCLA impact the Company's operations.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
Phase Out of Non Double Hull Tankers:
OPA 90 calls for the elimination of all single hull vessels by the year 2010 on a phase-out schedule that is based on size and age, unless the tankers are retrofitted with double hulls. The law permits existing single hull vessels to operate until 2015 if they discharge at deep water ports, or lighter more than 60 miles offshore.
The Company's four double bottom U.S. Flag Product Carriers will be affected by the OPA 90 phase-out schedule in 2012 and 2013, with all four vessels being 30 years old when they are first affected by the phase-out schedule. The OPA 90 phase-out dates for the Company's non double hull International Flag Product Carriers and two double sided International Flag lightering vessels are subsequent to their respective IMO phase-out dates.
Liability Standards and Limits:
Under OPA 90, vessel owners, operators and bareboat or demise charterers are "responsible parties" who are liable, without regard to fault, for all containment and clean-up costs and other damages, including property and natural resource damages and economic loss without physical damage to property, arising from oil spills and pollution from their vessels. In general, OPA 90 has historically limited the liability of responsible parties to the greater of $1,200 per gross ton or $10 million per vessel that is over 3,000 gross tons. Federal legislation signed into law on July 11, 2006 increased these limits to the greater of $1,900 per gross ton or $16 million per vessel that is over 3,000 gross tons (subject to possible adjustment for inflation). For OSG's vessels, the increased limits became effective on October 9, 2006. The statute specifically permits individual states to impose their own liability regimes with regard to oil pollution incidents occurring within their boundaries, and some states have enacted legislation providing for unlimited liability for discharge of pollutants within their waters. In some cases, states that have enacted this type of legislation have not yet issued implementing regulations defining vessel owners' responsibilities under these laws. CERCLA, which applies to owners and operators of vessels, contains a similar liability regime and provides for cleanup, removal and natural resource damages associated with discharges of hazardous substances (other than oil). Liability under CERCLA is limited to the greater of $300 per gross ton or $5 million.
These limits of liability do not apply, however, where the incident is caused by violation of applicable U.S. federal safety, construction or operating regulations, or by the responsible party's gross negligence or willful misconduct. Similarly, these limits do not apply if the responsible party fails or refuses to report the incident or to cooperate and assist in connection with the substance removal activities. OPA 90 and CERCLA each preserve the right to recover damages under existing law, including maritime tort law.
OPA 90 also requires owners and operators of vessels to establish and maintain with the U.S. Coast Guard evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to meet the limit of their potential strict liability under the statute. The U.S. Coast Guard enacted regulations requiring evidence of financial responsibility consistent with the previous limits of liability described above for OPA 90 and CERCLA. Effective October 17, 2008, the Coast Guard updated its regulations regarding required financial assurances to bring the amount of the required financial assurance in line with the updated limits on liability provided for in the 2006 amendments of OPA 90. Under the regulations, evidence of financial responsibility may be demonstrated by insurance, surety bond, self-insurance, guaranty or an alternative method subject to approval by the Director of the U.S. Coast Guard National Pollution Funds Center. Under OPA 90 regulations, an owner or operator of more than one vessel is required to demonstrate evidence of financial responsibility for the entire fleet in an amount equal only to the financial responsibility requirement of the vessel having the greatest maximum strict liability under OPA 90 and CERCLA. OSG has provided the requisite guarantees and has received certificates of financial responsibility from the U.S. Coast Guard for each of its vessels required to have one.
OSG has insurance for each of its vessels with pollution liability insurance in the amount of $1 billion. However, a catastrophic spill could exceed the insurance coverage available, in which event there could be a material adverse effect on the Company's business.
Other Domestic Environmental and Safety Regulations:
OPA 90 also amended the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to require owners and operators of vessels to adopt vessel response plans for reporting and responding to oil spill scenarios up to a "worst case" scenario and to identify and ensure, through contracts or other approved means, the availability of necessary private response resources to respond to a "worst case discharge." The plans must include contractual commitments with clean-up response contractors in order to ensure an immediate response to an oil spill. The Company has developed and filed its vessel response plans with the U.S. Coast Guard and has received approval of such plans. The U.S. Coast Guard has
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announced its intention to propose similar regulations requiring certain vessels to prepare response plans for the release of hazardous substances.
OPA 90 also requires training programs and periodic drills for shore side staff and response personnel and for vessels and their crews.
OPA 90 does not prevent individual U.S. states from imposing their own liability regimes with respect to oil pollution incidents occurring within their boundaries. In fact, most U.S. states that border a navigable waterway have enacted environmental pollution laws that impose strict liability on a person for removal costs and damages resulting from a discharge of oil or a release of a hazardous substance. These laws are in some cases more stringent than U.S. federal law.
In addition, the U.S. Clean Water Act, or CWA, prohibits the discharge of oil or hazardous substances in U.S. navigable waters and imposes strict liability in the form of penalties for unauthorized discharges. The Clean Water Act also imposes substantial liability for the costs of removal, remediation and damages and complements the remedies available under the more recent OPA and CERCLA, discussed above.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, had long exempted the discharge of ballast water and other substances incidental to the normal operation of vessels in U.S. ports from the U.S. Clean Water Act permitting requirements. However, on March 30, 2005, a U.S. District Court ruled that the EPA exceeded its authority in creating an exemption for ballast water. On September 18, 2006, the court issued an order invalidating the exemption in EPA's regulations for all discharges incidental to the normal operation of a vessel as of September 30, 2008 and directed EPA to develop a system for regulating all discharges from vessels by that date. On July 23, 2008, the United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit upheld the District Court's ruling. However, the District Court subsequently issued an order providing that the prior exemption from permitting would not be deemed vacated until February 6, 2009. Although the EPA has appealed this decision, if the exemption is repealed, the Company's vessels would be subject to the U.S. Clean Water Act permitting requirements that could include ballast water treatment obligations and vessel discharge stream processing requirements that could increase the cost of operating in the U.S. For example, repeal of the ballast water exemption could require the installation of equipment on the Company's vessels to treat ballast water before it is discharged or the implementation of other port facility disposal arrangements or procedures at potentially substantial cost and/or otherwise restrict the Company's vessels from entering U.S. waters.
The EPA has issued a Vessel General Permit, or VGP, which is deemed to cover all regulated vessels as of February 6, 2009, addressing, among other matters, the discharge of ballast water, and imposing new requirements, including effluent limitations. The VGP identifies twenty-six vessel discharge streams, establishes effluent limits for constituents of those streams and requires that best management practices be implemented to decrease the amounts of certain constituents of the discharges. However, the VGP does not impose numerical treatment standards for the discharge of living organisms in ballast water. Rather, the VGP mandates management practices that decrease the risk of introduction of aquatic nuisance species to bodies of water receiving ballast water discharges. The EPA has indicated, however, that as ballast water treatment technologies become available in the future, the EPA will revisit its approach to the management of ballast water discharges. In order to maintain coverage, the owner or operator of the vessel subject to the regulations must file a Notice of Intent to be covered no earlier than June 19, 2009 and no later than September 19, 2009.
The VGP system also permits individual states and territories to impose more stringent requirements for discharges into the navigable waters of such state or territory. Certain individual states have enacted legislation or regulations addressing hull cleaning and ballast water management. For example, on October 10, 2007, California Governor Schwarzenegger signed into law AB 740, legislation expanding regulation of ballast water discharges and the management of hull-fouling organisms. California has extensive requirements for more stringent effluent limits and discharge monitoring and testing requirements with respect to discharges in its waters.
Legislation has been proposed in the U.S. Congress to amend the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act, which had been previously amended and reauthorized by the National Invasive Species Act, to further increase the regulation of ballast water discharges. However, it can not currently be determined whether such legislation will eventually be enacted, and if enacted, what actions might be required under such legislation.
Domestic Air Emissions Standards:
As discussed above, MARPOL Annex VI came into force in the U.S. in January 2009, although its U.S. implementing regulations have not all been finalized. The Company's vessels are currently Annex VI compliant. Accordingly, absent
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
any new and onerous Annex VI implementing regulations, the Company does not expect to incur material additional costs in order to comply with this convention.
The U.S. Clean Air Act of 1970, as amended by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 and 1990, or CAA, requires the EPA to promulgate standards applicable to emissions of volatile organic compounds and other air contaminants. OSG's vessels are subject to vapor control and recovery requirements for certain cargoes when loading, unloading, ballasting, cleaning and conducting other operations in regulated port areas. Each of the Company's vessels operating in the transport of clean petroleum products in regulated port areas where vapor control standards are required has been outfitted with a vapor recovery system that satisfies these requirements. In addition, in December 1999, the EPA issued a final rule regarding emissions standards for marine diesel engines. The final rule applies emissions standards to new engines beginning with the 2004 model year. In the preamble to the final rule, the EPA noted that it may revisit the application of emissions standards to rebuilt or remanufactured engines, if the industry does not take steps to introduce new pollution control technologies. On December 7, 2007, the EPA published an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking in which the EPA indicated its intent to increase the control of air pollutant emissions from certain large marine engines. The EPA, however, has yet to formally propose these new regulations. Finally, the EPA recently entered into a settlement that will expand this rulemaking to include certain large diesel engines not previously addressed in the final rule. Adoption of such standards could require modifications to some existing marine diesel engines and may require the Company to incur capital expenditures.
Lightering activities in Delaware are subject to Title V of the CAA, and OSG is the only marine operator with a Title V permit to engage in lightering operations. The State of Delaware is in non-compliance with EPA requirements for volatile organic compounds, or VOCs. OSG's U.S. Flag lightering operations are the State of Delaware's largest single source of VOCs. The Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environment Control, or DNREC, is currently engaged in rule making to address emissions of VOCs from lightering operations, and the Company is working closely with DNREC to craft regulations designed to reduce such emissions. New regulations designed to reduce the release of VOCs during crude oil lightering went into effect on May 11, 2007. In cooperation with DNREC, the Company's U.S. Flag operations have engaged in a pilot project involving vapor balancing between one of its tankers and "ships to be lightered." In addition, OSG continues to evaluate other vapor reduction technologies and has incorporated vapor control technologies in the design of the Company's new ATBs.
The CAA also requires states to draft State Implementation Plans, or SIPs, designed to attain national health-based air quality standards in major metropolitan and industrial areas. Where states fail to present approvable SIPs, or SIP revisions by certain statutory deadlines, the U.S. government is required to draft a Federal Implementation Plan. Several SIPs regulate emissions resulting from barge loading and degassing operations by requiring the installation of vapor control equipment. Where required, the Company's vessels are already equipped with vapor control systems that satisfy these requirements. Although a risk exists that new regulations could require significant capital expenditures and otherwise increase its costs, the Company believes, based upon the regulations that have been proposed to date, that no material capital expenditures beyond those currently contemplated and no material increase in costs are likely to be required as a result of the SIPs program.
Individual states have been considering their own restrictions on air emissions from engines on vessels operating within state waters. California regulations of emissions of diesel particulate matter, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides from the use of certain types of engines on ocean-going vessels within California waters became effective January 1, 2007. On February 27, 2008, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit ruled that these California regulations were preempted by federal law. However, on July 24, 2008, the California Air Resources Board adopted new regulations providing for the phasing-in of requirements that certain vessels operating within 24 nautical miles of the Californian coast reduce air pollution by using only low-sulfur marine distillate fuel rather than bunker fuel. The Company's vessels that operate in California waters are in compliance with these regulations.
Security Regulations
As of July 1, 2004, all vessels involved in international commerce and the port facilities that interface with those vessels must comply with the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code ("ISPS Code"). This includes passenger vessels, cargo vessels over 500 gross tons, and mobile offshore drilling rigs. The ISPS Code provides a set of measures and procedures to prevent acts of terrorism, which threaten the security of passengers and crew and the safety of vessels and port facilities. All of OSG's Ship Security Plans for its vessels have been approved by the appropriate regulatory authorities and have been implemented.
2008 Annual Report
Each of the Company's vessels have obtained an International Ship Security Certificate from a recognized security organization approved by the appropriate flag states and each vessel has developed and implemented an approved Ship Security Plan.
Insurance
Consistent with the currently prevailing practice in the industry, the Company presently carries protection and indemnity ("P&I") insurance coverage for pollution of $1.0 billion per occurrence on every vessel in its fleet. P&I insurance is provided by mutual protection and indemnity associations ("P&I Associations"). The P&I Associations that comprise the International Group insure approximately 90% of the world's commercial tonnage and have entered into a pooling agreement to reinsure each association's liabilities. Each P&I Association has capped its exposure to each of its members at approximately $5.45 billion. As a member of a P&I Association which is a member of the International Group, the Company is subject to calls payable to the Associations based on its claim record as well as the claim records of all other members of the individual Associations of which it is a member, and the members of the pool of P&I Associations comprising the International Group. As of December 31, 2008, the Company was a member of three P&I Associations with each of its vessels insured by one of these three Associations. While the Company has historically been able to obtain pollution coverage at commercially reasonable rates, no assurances can be given that such insurance will continue to be available in the future.
The Company carries marine hull and machinery and war risk insurance, which includes the risk of actual or constructive total loss, for all of its vessels. The vessels are each covered up to at least their fair market value, with deductibles ranging from $100,000 to $500,000 per vessel per incident. The Company is self insured for hull and machinery claims in amounts in excess of the individual vessel deductibles up to a maximum aggregate loss of $3,500,000, per policy year.
The Company currently maintains loss of hire insurance to cover loss of charter income resulting from accidents or breakdowns of its vessels that are covered under the vessels' marine hull and machinery insurance. Loss of hire insurance covers up to 120 days lost charter income per vessel per incident in excess of the first 60 days lost for each covered incident, which is borne by the Company.
Taxation of the Company
The following summary of the principal United States tax laws applicable to the Company, as well as the conclusions regarding certain issues of tax law, are based on the provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), existing and proposed U.S. Treasury Department regulations, administrative rulings, pronouncements and judicial decisions, all as of the date of this Annual Report. No assurance can be given that changes in or interpretation of existing laws will not occur or will not be retroactive or that anticipated future circumstances will in fact occur. The Company's views should not be considered official, and no assurance can be given that the conclusions discussed below would be sustained if challenged by taxing authorities.
All of the Company's International Flag vessels are owned or operated by foreign corporations that are subsidiaries of OSG International, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company incorporated in the Marshall Islands ("OIN"). These corporations have made special U.S. tax elections under which they are treated as "branches" of OIN rather than separate corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
As a result of changes made by the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 ("2004 Act"), as discussed below, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004, the Company is no longer required to report in taxable income on a current basis the undistributed foreign shipping income earned by OIN under the "Subpart F" provisions of the Code.
Legislation has been introduced that is aimed at deferring the claiming by a taxpayer of deductions attributable to foreign source income that is not subject to current U.S. taxation until the income is repatriated. The enactment of such proposed legislation is uncertain and the effect on the Company can not be determined until agreement has been reached on the exact wording of the provision.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
Taxation to OIN of its Shipping Income: In General
OIN derives substantially all of its gross income from the use and operation of vessels in international commerce. This income principally consists of hire from time and voyage charters for the transportation of cargoes and the performance of services directly related thereto, which is referred to herein as "shipping income."
Shipping income that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the U.S. will be considered to be 50% derived from sources within the United States. Shipping income attributable to transportation that both begins and ends in the United States will be considered to be 100% derived from sources within the United States. OIN does not engage in transportation that gives rise to 100% U.S. source income. Shipping income attributable to transportation exclusively between non-U.S. ports will be considered to be 100% derived from sources outside the United States. Shipping income derived from sources outside the U.S. will not be subject to any U.S. federal income tax. OIN's vessels will operate in various parts of the world, including to or from U.S. ports. Unless exempt from U.S. taxation under Section 883 of the Code, OIN will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation of 4% of its U.S. source shipping income on a gross basis without the benefit of deductions.
Application of Code Section 883
Under Section 883 of the Code and temporary Treasury regulations, OIN will be exempt from the foregoing U.S. taxation of its U.S source shipping income if, for more than half of the days in its taxable year, it is a "controlled foreign corporation" within the meaning of Section 957 of the Code and more than 50 percent of the total value of its stock is owned by certain U.S. persons including a domestic corporation. These requirements should be met and therefore OIN should continue to benefit from the application of Section 883 of the Code. To the extent OIN is unable to qualify for exemption from tax under Section 883, OIN's U.S. source shipping income will become subject to the 4% gross basis tax regime described below.
Taxation to OSG of OIN's Shipping Income
For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1987 and ending on or before December 31, 2004, the Company, as a 10% shareholder of controlled foreign corporations, was subject to current taxation on the shipping income of its foreign subsidiaries. To make U.S.-controlled shipping companies competitive with foreign-controlled shipping companies, through the passage of the 2004 Act, Congress repealed the current income inclusion by 10% shareholders of the shipping income of controlled foreign corporations. Accordingly, for years beginning on or after January 1, 2005, the Company is not required to include in income OIN's undistributed shipping income.
For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1976 and ending on or before December 31, 1986, the Company was not required to include in income the undistributed shipping income of its foreign subsidiaries that was reinvested in qualified shipping assets. For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1987, the Company is required to include in income the deferred shipping income from this period to the extent that at the end of any year the investment in qualified shipping assets is less than the corresponding amount at December 31, 1986. By virtue of the nature of OIN's business, the Company anticipates that the recognition of this deferred income will be postponed indefinitely. This is discussed in more detail in the notes to the Company's consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8.
U.S. Tonnage Tax Regime
The 2004 Act changed the U.S. tax treatment of the foreign operations of the Company's U.S. Flag vessels by allowing it to make an election to have such vessels taxed under a new "tonnage tax" regime rather than the usual U.S. corporate income tax regime. Because OSG made the tonnage tax election, its gross income for U.S. income tax purposes with respect to eligible U.S. flag vessels for 2005 and subsequent years does not include (1) income from qualifying shipping activities in U.S. foreign trade (i.e., transportation between the U.S. and foreign ports or between foreign ports), (2) income from cash, bank deposits and other temporary investments that are reasonably necessary to meet the working capital requirements of qualifying shipping activities, and (3) income from cash or other intangible assets accumulated pursuant to a plan to purchase qualifying shipping assets. The Company's taxable income with respect to the operations of its eligible U.S. Flag vessels is based on a "daily notional taxable income," which is taxed at the highest U.S. corporate income tax rate. The daily notional taxable income from the operation of a qualifying vessel is 40 cents per 100 tons of the net tonnage of the vessel up to 25,000 net tons, and 20 cents per 100 tons of the net tonnage of the vessel in excess of 25,000 net tons. The taxable income of each qualifying vessel is the product of its daily notional taxable income and the number of days during the taxable year that the vessel operates in U.S. foreign trade.
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Glossary
Aframax-A medium size crude oil tanker of approximately 80,000 to 120,000 deadweight tons. Because of their size, Aframaxes are able to operate on many different routes, including from Latin America and the North Sea to the U.S. They are also used in Lightering. Modern Aframaxes can generally transport from 500,000 to 800,000 barrels of crude oil.
Articulated Tug Barge-ATB is the abbreviation for Articulated Tug Barge, which is a tug-barge combination system capable of operating on the high seas, coastwise and further inland. It combines a normal barge, with a bow resembling that of a ship, but having a deep indent at the stern to accommodate the bow of a tug. The fit is such that the resulting combination behaves almost like a single vessel at sea as well as while maneuvering.
Bareboat Charter-A Charter under which a customer pays a fixed daily or monthly rate for a fixed period of time for use of the vessel. The customer pays all costs of operating the vessel, including voyage and vessel expenses. Bareboat charters are usually long term.
CAP-The Condition Assessment Program of ABS Consulting, a subsidiary of the American Bureau of Shipping, which evaluates a vessel's operation, machinery, maintenance and structure using the ABS Safe Hull Criteria. A CAP 1 rating indicates that a vessel meets the standards of a newly built vessel.
Capesize Bulk Carrier-A large Dry Bulk Carrier (any vessel used to carry non-liquid bulk commodities) with a carrying capacity of more than 80,000 deadweight tons that mainly transports iron ore and coal.
Charter-Contract entered into with a customer for the use of the vessel for a specific voyage at a specific rate per unit of cargo ("Voyage Charter"), or for a specific period of time at a specific rate per unit (day or month) of time ("Time Charter").
Classification Societies-Organizations that establish and administer standards for the design, construction and operational maintenance of vessels. As a practical matter, vessels cannot trade unless they meet these standards.
Compressed Natural Gas or CNG-CNG is the abbreviation for compressed natural gas. CNG is a gas that has been compressed for transportation in pressurized containers and can be transported on ships, barges or trucks. In many parts of the world, gas fields that cannot be readily connected by pipeline or are not large enough to support the cost of developing LNG facilities are excellent candidates for CNG development.
Commercial Management or Commercially Managed-The management of the employment, or chartering, of a vessel and associated functions, including seeking and negotiating employment for vessels, billing and collecting revenues, issuing voyage instructions, purchasing fuel, and appointing port agents.
Commercial Pool-A commercial pool is a group of similar size and quality vessels with different shipowners that are placed under one administrator or manager. Pools allow for scheduling and other operating efficiencies such as multi-legged charters and Contracts of Affreightment and other operating efficiencies.
Condition Assessment Scheme-An inspection program designed to check and report on the vessel's physical condition and on its past performance based on survey and IMO's International Safety Management audit reports and port state performance records.
Contract of Affreightment or COA-COA is the abbreviation for Contract of Affreightment, which is an agreement providing for the transportation between specified points for a specific quantity of cargo over a specific time period but without designating specific vessels or voyage schedules, thereby allowing flexibility in scheduling since no vessel designation is required. COAs can either have a fixed rate or a market-related rate. One example would be two shipments of 70,000 tons per month for the next two years at the prevailing spot rate at the time of each loading. Another example is lightering services that are provided to the Company's customers in the Delaware Bay region pursuant to contracts under which it commits to provide such services using a vessel of the Company's choice. When choosing the vessel, the Company takes into account vessel positioning and capacity at the time the inbound vessel is ready to discharge its cargo.
Consecutive Voyage Charters or CVC-CVC is the abbreviation for Consecutive Voyage Charter, which are used when a customer contracts for a particular vessel for a certain period of time to transport cargo between specified points for a rate that is determined based on the volume of cargo delivered. The Company bears the risk of delays under CVC arrangements.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
Crude Oil-Oil in its natural state that has not been refined or altered.
Cubic Meters or cbm-cbm is the abbreviation for cubic meters, the industry standard for measuring the carrying capacity of a LNG Carrier.
Deadweight tons or dwt-dwt is the abbreviation for deadweight tons, representing principally the cargo carrying capacity of a vessel, but including the weight of consumables such as fuel, lube oil, drinking water and stores.
Demurrage-Additional revenue paid to the shipowner on its Voyage Charters for delays experienced in loading and/or unloading cargo that are not deemed to be the responsibility of the shipowner, calculated in accordance with specific Charter terms.
Double Hull-Hull construction design in which a vessel has an inner and an outer side and bottom separated by void space, usually two meters in width.
Drydocking-An out-of-service period during which planned repairs and maintenance are carried out, including all underwater maintenance such as external hull painting. During the drydocking, certain mandatory Classification Society inspections are carried out and relevant certifications issued. Normally, as the age of a vessel increases, the cost of drydocking increases.
Handysize Product Carrier-A small size Product Carrier of approximately 29,000 to 53,000 deadweight tons. This type of vessel generally operates on shorter routes (short haul). Also, may be referred to as an MR Product Carrier.
IMO-IMO is the abbreviation for International Maritime Organization, an agency of the United Nations, which is the body that is responsible for the administration of internationally developed maritime safety and pollution treaties, including MARPOL.
International Flag vessel-A vessel that is registered under a flag other than that of the U.S.
Jones Act-U.S. law that applies to port-to-port shipments within the continental U.S. and between the continental U.S. and Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and Guam, and restricts such shipments to U.S. Flag Vessels that are built in the U.S. and that are owned by a U.S. company that is more than 75% owned and controlled by U.S. citizens.
Lightering-The process of off-loading crude oil or petroleum products from deeply laden inbound tankers, typically VLCCs, into smaller tankers and/or barges for discharge in ports from which the larger tankers are restricted.
LNG Carrier-A vessel designed to carry liquefied natural gas, that is, natural gas cooled to -163° centigrade, turning it into a liquid and reducing its volume to 1/600 of its volume in gaseous form. LNG is the abbreviation for liquefied natural gas.
MARPOL-International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto. This convention includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution from ships by accident and by routine operations.
OPA 90-OPA 90 is the abbreviation for the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990.
Panamax-A medium size vessel of approximately 53,000 to 80,000 deadweight tons. A coated Panamax operating in the refined petroleum products trades may be referred to as an LR1.
Product Carrier-General term that applies to any tanker that is used to transport refined oil products, such as gasoline, jet fuel or heating oil.
Pure Car Carrier-A single-purpose vessel with many decks, designed to carry automobiles, which are driven on and off using ramps.
Scrapping-The disposal of vessels by demolition for scrap metal.
Special Survey-An extensive inspection of a vessel by classification society surveyors that must be completed once within every five year period. Special Surveys require a vessel to be drydocked.
Suezmax-A large crude oil tanker of approximately 120,000 to 200,000 deadweight tons. Modern Suezmaxes can generally transport about one million barrels of crude oil.
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Technical Management-The management of the operation of a vessel, including physically maintaining the vessel, maintaining necessary certifications, and supplying necessary stores, spares, and lubricating oils. Responsibilities also generally include selecting, engaging and training crew, and arranging necessary insurance coverage.
Time Charter-A Charter under which a customer pays a fixed daily or monthly rate for a fixed period of time for use of the vessel. Subject to any restrictions in the Charter, the customer decides the type and quantity of cargo to be carried and the ports of loading and unloading. The customer pays all voyage expenses such as fuel, canal tolls, and port charges. The shipowner pays all vessel expenses such as the Technical Management expenses.
Time Charter Equivalent or TCE-TCE is the abbreviation for Time Charter Equivalent. TCE revenues, which is voyage revenues less voyage expenses, serves as an industry standard for measuring and managing fleet revenue and comparing results between geographical regions and among competitors.
ULCC-A large crude oil tanker of more than 350,000 deadweight tons. Modern ULCCs can transport three million barrels of crude oil and are mainly used on the same long haul routes as VLCCs.
U.S. Flag vessel-A U.S. Flag vessel must be crewed by U.S. sailors, and owned and operated by a U.S. company.
Vessel Expenses-Includes crew costs, vessel stores and supplies, lubricating oils, maintenance and repairs, insurance and communication costs associated with the operations of vessels.
VLCC-VLCC is the abbreviation for Very Large Crude Carrier, a large crude oil tanker of approximately 200,000 to 320,000 deadweight tons. Modern VLCCs can generally transport two million barrels or more of crude oil. These vessels are mainly used on the longest (long haul) routes from the Arabian Gulf to North America, Europe, and Asia, and from West Africa to the U.S. and Far Eastern destinations.
Voyage Charter-A Charter under which a customer pays a transportation charge for the movement of a specific cargo between two or more specified ports. The shipowner pays all voyage expenses, and all vessel expenses, unless the vessel to which the Charter relates has been time chartered in. The customer is liable for Demurrage, if incurred.
Voyage Expenses-Includes fuel, port charges, canal tolls, cargo handling operations and brokerage commissions paid by the Company under Voyage Charters. These expenses are subtracted from shipping revenues to calculate Time Charter Equivalent Revenues for Voyage Charters.
Worldscale-Industry name for the Worldwide Tanker Nominal Freight Scale published annually by the Worldscale Association as a rate reference for shipping companies, brokers, and their customers engaged in the bulk shipping of oil in the international markets. Worldscale is a list of calculated rates for specific voyage itineraries for a standard vessel, as defined, using defined voyage cost assumptions such as vessel speed, fuel consumption and port costs. Actual market rates for voyage charters are usually quoted in terms of a percentage of Worldscale.
Available Information
The Company makes available free of charge through its internet website, www.osg.com, its Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Company also makes available on its website, its corporate governance guidelines, its code of business conduct, and charters of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board of Directors.
ITEM 1A.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The following important risk factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements made in this report or presented elsewhere by management from time to time. If any of the circumstances or events described below actually arise or occur, the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
Industry specific risk factors:
The highly cyclical nature of the industry may lead to volatile changes in charter rates and vessel values, which may adversely affect the Company's earnings
Factors affecting the supply and demand for vessels are outside of the Company's control, and the nature, timing and degree of changes in industry conditions are unpredictable and may adversely affect the values of the Company's vessels and result in significant fluctuations in the amount of charter hire the Company may earn, which could result in significant fluctuations in OSG's quarterly results. The factors that influence the demand for tanker capacity include:
•demand for oil and oil products, which affect the need for vessel capacity;
•global and regional economic and political conditions which among other things, could impact the supply of oil as well as trading patterns and the demand for various types of vessels;
•changes in the production of crude oil, particularly by OPEC and other key producers, which impact the need for vessel capacity;
•developments in international trade;
•changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns, including changes in the distances that cargoes are transported;
•environmental concerns and regulations;
•new pipeline construction and expansions;
•weather; and
•competition from alternative sources of energy. The factors that influence the supply of vessel capacity include:
•the number of newbuilding deliveries;
•the scrapping rate of older vessels;
•the number of vessels that are used for storage or as floating storage offloading service vessels;
•the conversion of vessels from transporting oil and oil products to carrying dry bulk cargo and the reverse conversion;
•the number of vessels that are out of service; and
•environmental and maritime regulations. An increase in the supply of vessels without an increase in demand for such vessels could cause charter rates to decline, which could have a material adverse effect on OSG's revenues and profitability
Historically, the marine transportation industry has been cyclical. The profitability and asset values of companies in the industry have fluctuated based on changes in the supply and demand of vessels. The supply of vessels generally increases with deliveries of new vessels and decreases with the scrapping of older vessels. The newbuilding order book equaled 44% of the existing world tanker fleet as of December 31, 2008 and no assurance can be given that the order book will not increase further in proportion to the existing fleet. If the number of new ships delivered exceeds the number of vessels being scrapped, capacity will increase. In addition, if dry bulk vessels are converted to oil tankers, the supply of oil tankers will increase. If supply increases and demand does not, the charter rates for the Company's vessels could decline significantly. A decline in charter rates could have a material adverse effect on OSG's revenues and profitability.
Charter rates may decline from their current level, which could have a material adverse effect on OSG's revenues and profitability
Because many of the factors that influence the supply of, and demand for, tanker capacity are unpredictable and beyond the Company's control, the nature, timing and degree of changes in charter rates are unpredictable. The global economic recession that started in 2008 and its accompanying adverse impact on demand has resulted in a
2008 Annual Report
decline in charter rates. A decline in charter rates could have a material adverse effect on OSG's revenues and profitability.
OSG's revenues are subject to seasonal variations
OSG operates its tankers in markets that have historically exhibited seasonal variations in demand for tanker capacity, and therefore, charter rates. Charter rates for tankers are typically higher in the fall and winter months as a result of increased oil consumption in the Northern Hemisphere. Because a majority of the Company's vessels trade in the spot market, seasonality has affected OSG's operating results on a quarter-to-quarter basis and could continue to do so in the future.
The global economic recession and constraints on capital availability that commenced in 2008 adversely affects the tanker industry and OSG's business
The current global economic recession and constraints on capital have adversely affected the financial condition of entities throughout the world, including certain of the Company's customers, joint venturers, financial lenders and suppliers, including shipyards from whom the Company has contracted to purchase vessels. Those entities that suffer a material adverse impact on their financial condition may be unable or unwilling to comply with their contractual commitments to OSG which, in turn, could have an adverse impact on OSG. The failure of entities to comply with contractual commitments could include the refusal or inability of customers to pay charter hire to OSG, shipyards' failure to construct and deliver to OSG newbuilds or financial lenders' inability or unwillingness to honor their commitments to lend funds to OSG. While OSG seeks to monitor the financial condition of such entities, the availability and accuracy of information about the financial condition of such entities may be limited and the actions that OSG may take to reduce possible losses resulting from the failure of such entities to comply with their contractual obligations may be restricted. See also under the heading "Company specific risk factors" below the risk factor concerning credit risks with counterparties.
Terrorist attacks, piracy and international hostilities can affect the tanker industry, which could adversely affect OSG's business
Additional terrorist attacks like those in New York on September 11, 2001 and in London on July 7, 2005, piracy attacks against merchant ships, including oil tankers, that escalated during 2008, particularly in the Gulf of Aden and off the East Coast of Africa, especially Somalia, the outbreak of war, or the existence of international hostilities could damage the world economy, adversely affect the availability of and demand for crude oil and petroleum products and adversely affect the Company's ability to re-charter its vessels on the expiration or termination of the charters and the charter rates payable under any renewal or replacement charters. The Company conducts its operations internationally, and its business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by changing economic, political and government conditions in the countries and regions where its vessels are employed. Moreover, OSG operates in a sector of the economy that is likely to be adversely impacted by the effects of political instability, terrorist or other attacks, war, international hostilities or piracy.
The market value of vessels fluctuates significantly, which could adversely affect OSG's liquidity, result in breaches of its financing agreements or otherwise adversely affect its financial condition
The market value of vessels has fluctuated over time. The fluctuation in market value of vessels over time is based upon various factors, including:
•age of the vessel;
•general economic and market conditions affecting the tanker industry, including the availability of vessel financing;
•number of vessels in the world fleet;
•types and sizes of vessels available;
•changes in trading patterns affecting demand for particular sizes and types of vessels;
•cost of newbuildings;
•prevailing level of charter rates;
•competition from other shipping companies;
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
•other modes of transportation; and
•technological advances in vessel design and propulsion. Declining values of the Company's vessels could adversely affect its liquidity by limiting its ability to raise cash by refinancing vessels. Declining vessel values could also result in a breach of loan covenants or trigger events of default under relevant financing agreements that require the Company to maintain certain loan-to-value ratios. In such instances, if OSG is unable to pledge additional collateral to offset the decline in vessel values, its lenders could accelerate its debt and foreclose on its vessels pledged as collateral for the loans.
Shipping is a business with inherent risks, and OSG's insurance may not be adequate to cover its losses
OSG's vessels and their cargoes are at risk of being damaged or lost because of events such as:
•marine disasters;
•bad weather;
•mechanical failures;
•human error;
•war, terrorism and piracy; and
•other unforeseen circumstances or events. In addition, transporting crude oil creates a risk of business interruptions due to political circumstances in foreign countries, hostilities, labor strikes, port closings and boycotts. Any of these events may result in loss of revenues and increased costs.
The Company carries insurance to protect against most of the accident-related risks involved in the conduct of its business. OSG currently maintains one billion dollars in coverage for each of its vessels for liability for spillage or leakage of oil or pollution. OSG also carries insurance covering lost revenue resulting from vessel off-hire due to vessel damage. Nonetheless, risks may arise against which the Company is not adequately insured. For example, a catastrophic spill could exceed OSG's insurance coverage and have a material adverse effect on its operations. In addition, OSG may not be able to procure adequate insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates in the future, and OSG cannot guarantee that any particular claim will be paid. In the past, new and stricter environmental regulations have led to higher costs for insurance covering environmental damage or pollution, and new regulations could lead to similar increases or even make this type of insurance unavailable. Furthermore, even if insurance coverage is adequate to cover the Company's losses, OSG may not be able to timely obtain a replacement ship in the event of a loss. OSG may also be subject to calls, or premiums, in amounts based not only on its own claim records but also the claim records of all other members of the P & I Associations through which OSG obtains insurance coverage for tort liability. OSG's payment of these calls could result in significant expenses which would reduce its profits or cause losses.
Because OSG conducts its business on a worldwide basis, OSG faces a number of significant risks that could result in losses or higher costs
The Company's vessels operate all over the world, exposing it to many risks, including:
•changing economic, political and social conditions in the countries where OSG does business or where its vessels are registered or flagged;
•the imposition of increased environmental and safety regulations by international organizations, Classification Societies, flag states and port states;
•the imposition of taxes by flag states, port states and jurisdictions in which OSG or its subsidiaries are incorporated or where its vessels operate;
•currency fluctuations;
•pandemics or epidemics which may result in a disruption of worldwide trade including quarantines of certain areas; 2008 Annual Report
•terrorism, piracy and war, including the possible outbreak of hostilities that could reduce or otherwise affect the movement of oil from the Middle East; and
•expropriation of its vessels. As a result of these risks, OSG may incur losses or higher costs, including those incurred as a result of the impairment of its assets or a curtailment of its operations.
Compliance with environmental laws or regulations may adversely affect OSG's business
The Company's operations are affected by extensive and changing international, national and local environmental protection laws, regulations, treaties, conventions and standards in force in international waters, the jurisdictional waters of the countries in which OSG's vessels operate, as well as the countries of its vessels' registration. Many of these requirements are designed to reduce the risk of oil spills and other pollution, and OSG's compliance with these requirements can be costly.
These requirements can affect the resale value or useful lives of the Company's vessels, require a reduction in carrying capacity, ship modifications or operational changes or restrictions, lead to decreased availability of insurance coverage for environmental matters or result in the denial of access to certain jurisdictional waters or ports, or detention in, certain ports. Under local, national and foreign laws, as well as international treaties and conventions, OSG could incur material liabilities, including cleanup obligations, in the event that there is a release of petroleum or other hazardous substances from its vessels or otherwise in connection with its operations. OSG could also become subject to personal injury or property damage claims relating to the release of or exposure to hazardous materials associated with its current or historic operations. Violations of or liabilities under environmental requirements also can result in substantial penalties, fines and other sanctions, including in certain instances, seizure or detention of the Company's vessels.
OSG could incur significant costs, including cleanup costs, fines, penalties, third-party claims and natural resource damages, as the result of an oil spill or other liabilities under environmental laws. The Company is subject to the oversight of several government agencies, including the U.S. Coast Guard, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Maritime Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. OPA 90 affects all vessel owners shipping oil or hazardous material to, from or within the United States. OPA 90 allows for potentially unlimited liability without regard to fault for owners, operators and bareboat charterers of vessels for oil pollution in U.S. waters. Similarly, the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969, as amended, which has been adopted by most countries outside of the United States, imposes liability for oil pollution in international waters. OPA 90 expressly permits individual states to impose their own liability regimes with regard to hazardous materials and oil pollution incidents occurring within their boundaries. Coastal states in the United States have enacted pollution prevention liability and response laws, many providing for unlimited liability.
OPA 90 provides for the scheduled phase out of all non double hull vessels that carry oil in bulk in U.S. waters. IMO and the European Union also have adopted separate phase out schedules applicable to single hull vessels operating in international and EU waters. These regulations will reduce the demand for single hull vessels, force the remaining single hull vessels into less desirable trading routes, increase the number of ships trading in routes open to single hull vessels and could increase demands for further restrictions in the remaining jurisdictions that permit the operation of these vessels. As a result, single hull vessels are likely to be chartered less frequently and at lower rates.
In addition, in complying with OPA, IMO regulations, EU directives and other existing laws and regulations and those that may be adopted, shipowners may incur significant additional costs in meeting new maintenance and inspection requirements, in developing contingency arrangements for potential spills and in obtaining insurance coverage. Government regulation of vessels, particularly in the areas of safety and environmental requirements, can be expected to become more strict in the future and require the Company to incur significant capital expenditures on its vessels to keep them in compliance, or even to scrap or sell certain vessels altogether. As a result of accidents such as the November 2002 oil spill from the Prestige, a 26 year old single hull tanker unrelated to the Company, OSG believes that regulation of the shipping industry will continue to become more stringent and more expensive for the Company and its competitors. In recent years, the IMO and EU have both accelerated their existing non double hull phase out schedules in response to highly publicized oil spills and other shipping incidents involving companies unrelated to OSG. Future accidents can be expected in the industry, and such accidents or other events could be expected to result in the adoption of even stricter laws and regulations, which could limit the Company's operations or its ability to do business and which could have a material adverse effect on OSG's business and financial results.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
The market value of OSG's vessels, which have recently been at or near historically high levels, may be depressed at a time and in the event that it sells a vessel
Vessel values have generally experienced high volatility and values have recently been at or near historically high levels. The fair market value of the Company's vessels can be expected to fluctuate, depending on general economic and market conditions affecting the tanker industry and competition from other shipping companies, types and sizes of vessels and other modes of transportation. The global economic recession that commenced in 2008 will likely result in a decrease in vessel values. In addition, although OSG has a modern fleet, as vessels grow older, they generally decline in value. These factors will affect the value of the Company's vessels at the time of any vessel sale. If for any reason, OSG sells a vessel at a time when prices have fallen, the sale may be at less than the vessel's carrying amount on its financial statements, with the result that the Company would also incur a loss on the sale and a reduction in earnings and surplus.
Company specific risk factors:
The Company's business would be adversely affected if it failed to comply with the Jones Act provisions on coastwise trade, or if these provisions were repealed and if changes in international trade agreements were to occur.
The Company is subject to the Jones Act and other federal laws that restrict maritime transportation between points in the U.S. (known as marine cabotage services or coastwise trade) to vessels built and registered in the U.S. and owned and manned by U.S. citizens. The Company is responsible for monitoring the foreign ownership of its common stock and other interests to insure compliance with the Jones Act. If the Company does not comply with these restrictions, it would be prohibited from operating its vessels in U.S. coastwise trade, and under certain circumstances would be deemed to have undertaken an unapproved foreign transfer, resulting in severe penalties, including permanent loss of U.S. coastwise trading rights for the Company's vessels, fines or forfeiture of the vessels.
In order to ensure compliance with Jones Act citizenship requirements, and in accordance with the certificate of incorporation and by-laws of the Company, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a requirement in July 1976 that at least 77% (the "Minimum Percentage") of the Company's common stock must be held by U.S. citizens. On April 16, 2008, the Company announced that U.S. ownership of our common stock at the close of business on April 15, 2008 had declined to the minimum percentage of 77%. While the percentage of U.S. citizenship ownership of the Company's outstanding common stock fluctuates daily, the highest it has been since April 15, 2008 has been approximately 3% above the Minimum Percentage. Any purported transfer of common stock in violation of these ownership provisions will be ineffective to transfer the shares of common stock or any voting, dividend or other rights associated with them. The existence and enforcement of this U.S. citizen ownership requirement could have an adverse impact on the liquidity or market value of our common stock in the event that U.S. citizens were unable to transfer shares of our common stock to non-U.S. citizens. Furthermore, under certain circumstances this ownership requirement could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of the Company.
Additionally, the Jones Act restrictions on the provision of maritime cabotage services are subject to exceptions under certain international trade agreements, including the General Agreement on Trade in Services and the North American Free Trade Agreement. If maritime cabotage services were included in the General Agreement on Trade in Services, the North American Free Trade Agreement or other international trade agreements, or if the restrictions contained in the Jones Act were otherwise repealed or altered, the transportation of maritime cargo between U.S. ports could be opened to international-flag or international-manufactured vessels. On two occasions during 2005, the U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security, at the direction of the President of the U.S., issued limited waivers of the Jones Act for the transportation of petroleum and petroleum products as a result of the extraordinary circumstances created by Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita on Gulf Coast refineries and petroleum product pipelines. During the past several years, interest groups have lobbied Congress to repeal the Jones Act to facilitate international flag competition for trades and cargoes currently reserved for U.S. Flag vessels under the Jones Act and cargo preference laws. The Company believes that continued efforts will be made to modify or repeal the Jones Act and cargo preference laws currently benefiting U.S. Flag vessels. Because international vessels may have lower construction costs, wage rates and operating costs, this could significantly increase competition in the coastwise trade, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition.
2008 Annual Report
OSG's financial condition would be materially adversely affected if the shipping income of OSG's foreign subsidiaries becomes subject to current taxation in the U.S.
As a result of changes made by the 2004 Act, the Company does not report in taxable income on a current basis the undistributed shipping income earned by its international flag vessels, which in recent years represented substantially all of the Company's pre-tax income. These changes in the 2004 Act were made to make U.S. controlled shipping companies competitive with foreign-controlled shipping companies, which are generally incorporated in jurisdictions in which they either do not pay income taxes or pay minimal income taxes.
In his address to a Joint Session of Congress on February 24, 2009, President Obama stated that "we would restore a sense of fairness and balance to our tax code by finally ending the tax breaks for corporations that ship jobs overseas". An increasing number of Congressmen and Senators have announced support for ending such tax breaks. While the Company believes that the changes made in the 2004 Act with respect to foreign shipping income do not "ship jobs overseas," and, in fact, have enabled the Company to expand its U.S. Flag fleet and create jobs in the U.S., Congress may decide to repeal the changes made in the 2004 Act with respect to taxation of foreign shipping income. Such a repeal would have a materially adverse affect on the Company's business and financial results.
The Company's substantial debt could adversely affect its financial condition
OSG has substantial debt and debt service requirements. At December 31, 2008, the Company's consolidated total debt, including capital lease obligations, was $1.42 billion and its unused borrowing capacity under revolving credit facilities was $1.10 billion.
The amount of the Company's debt could have important consequences. For example, it could:
•increase OSG's vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
•limit OSG's ability to fund future capital expenditures, working capital and other general corporate requirements;
•require the Company to dedicate a substantial portion of its cash flow from operations to make interest and principal payments on its debt;
•limit OSG's flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in its business and the shipping industry;
•place OSG at a competitive disadvantage compared with competitors that have less debt; and
•limit OSG's ability to borrow additional funds, even when necessary to maintain adequate liquidity. When OSG's credit facilities mature, it may not be able to refinance or replace them
When OSG's indebtedness matures, the Company may need to refinance it and may not be able to do so on favorable terms or at all. If OSG is able to refinance maturing indebtedness, the terms of any refinancing or alternate credit arrangements may contain terms and covenants that restrict OSG's financial and operating flexibility.
The Company is highly dependent upon volatile spot market charter rates
OSG depends on spot charters for a significant portion of its revenues. In 2008, 2007 and 2006, OSG derived approximately 65%, 60% and 69%, respectively, of its TCE revenues in the spot market. Although chartering a significant portion of OSG's vessels on the spot market affords it greater opportunity to increase income from operations when rates rise, dependence on the spot market could result in earnings volatility. A significant decrease in OSG's spot market TCE revenues could adversely affect its profit or result in cash losses.
OSG may not be able to renew time charters when they expire or enter into new time charters for newbuilds
There can be no assurance that any of the Company's existing time charters will be renewed or that it will be successful in entering into new time charters on certain of the newbuilds that will be delivered to the Company or if renewed or entered into, that they will be at favorable rates. If, upon expiration of the existing time charters or delivery of newbuilds, OSG is unable to obtain time charters or voyage charters at desirable rates, the Company's profitability may be adversely affected.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
Delays or cost overruns in building new vessels (including the failure to deliver new vessels) or in the scheduled shipyard maintenance of the Company's vessels could adversely affect OSG's results of operations
Building new vessels and scheduled shipyard maintenance of vessels are subject to risks of delay (including the failure to deliver new vessels) or cost overruns caused by one or more of the following:
•unforeseen quality or engineering problems;
•work stoppages;
•weather interference;
•unanticipated cost increases;
•financial difficulties of the shipyard building or repairing a vessel, including bankruptcy;
•delays in receipt of necessary materials or equipment; and
•inability to obtain the requisite permits, approvals or certifications from the U.S. Coast Guard or international foreign flag state authorities and the applicable classification society upon completion of work. Significant delays and cost overruns could materially increase the Company's expected contract commitments, which would have an adverse effect on the Company's revenues, borrowing capacity and results of operations. Furthermore, delays would result in vessels being out-of-service for extended periods of time, and therefore not earning revenue, which could have a material adverse effect on OSG's financial condition and results of operations. The Company's remedies for losses resulting from shipyards' failure to comply with their contractual commitments may be limited by the relevant contracts, including by liquidated damages provisions. While purchase price payments for newbuild vessels made prior to vessel delivery to international shipyards historically have been supported by guarantees from financial institutions, such as banks or insurance companies, such payments to U.S. shipyards historically have been supported by liens on the work in progress, including steel and equipment used for constructing the vessel, and not by guarantees from financial institutions. If an international shipyard fails to deliver a contracted newbuild vessel for which there is a guarantee, the Company may claim against the guarantee, substantially reducing the risk that the Company will suffer a loss of its investment. If a U.S. shipyard fails to deliver a contracted vessel, the Company's investment may be supported only by the Company's liens on the work in progress, which may result in a loss of part or all of the Company's investment.
Bender Shipbuilding & Repair Co., Inc.'s ("Bender") inability to deliver and incurrence of cost overruns in constructing new vessels has adversely affected OSG
During the fourth quarter of 2008 and in early 2009, the Company became increasingly concerned about Bender's ability to deliver the six ATBs and two tugs that the Company agreed to purchase from Bender in accordance with the terms of the construction agreements for such vessels including as a result of Bender's lack of performance under such agreements and its lack of liquidity and poor financial condition. Contracted delivery dates for certain vessels have been significantly delayed from the original contract delivery dates, and in 2009 Bender requested substantial price increases on all the contracted vessels. As a result, the Company and Bender began negotiation to end their contractual agreements. The Company intends to complete two of the six ATBs and two tugs at alternative yards. OSG continues to pursue negotiations with Bender regarding termination of our contracts. The outcome of the negotiations is uncertain and no assurance can be given that a settlement will be reached and implemented or that Bender's liquidity position and financial condition will not significantly worsen.
The Company took an impairment charge of $105 million with respect to four of the ATBs in the fourth quarter of 2008 and anticipates taking additional charges of between $20 million to $35 million in the first quarter of 2009. The amount of the actual charges will depend upon the result of the negotiations and Bender's financial condition and no assurance can be given that the total additional charges would not exceed the above estimate. Should these matters not be resolved to OSG's satisfaction, OSG may have to take an additional impairment charge. The book value of the two remaining ATBs and two tugs was $265 million at December 31, 2008. See Note G to the Company's consolidated financial statements set forth in item 8.
2008 Annual Report
Termination or change in the nature of OSG's relationship with any of the pools in which it participates could adversely affect its business
All of the Company's VLCCs participate in the Tankers International pool. At December 31, 2008, all of OSG's Aframaxes participate in the Aframax International pool other than those that are engaged in lightering. Six of its crude Panamaxes and two of its Panamax Product Carriers participate directly in Panamax International. Participation in these pools enhances the financial performance of the Company's vessels as a result of the higher vessel utilization. Any participant in any of these pools has the right to withdraw upon notice in accordance with the relevant pool agreement. The Company cannot predict whether the pools in which its vessels operate will continue to exist in the future. In addition, in 2008 the EU published guidelines on the application of the EU antitrust rules to traditional agreements for maritime services. While the Company believes that all the pools it participates in comply with EU rules, there has been limited administrative and judicial interpretation of the rules. Restrictive interpretations of the guidelines could adversely affect the ability to commercially market the respective types of vessels in pools.
OSG may not be able to grow its fleet
One part of OSG's strategy is to continue to grow its fleet on an opportunistic basis. The Company's ability to grow its fleets will depend upon a number of factors, many of which the Company cannot control. These factors include OSG's ability to:
•identify acquisition candidates and joint venture opportunities;
•replace expiring charters-in at comparable rates;
•identify suitable charter-in opportunities;
•consummate acquisitions or joint ventures;
•integrate any acquired vessels or businesses successfully with its existing operations;
•hire and train qualified personnel; and
•obtain required financing. OSG's strategy of growing its business in part through acquisitions is capital intensive, time consuming and subject to a number of inherent risks
Part of OSG's business strategy is to opportunistically acquire complementary businesses or vessels such as the Company's acquisitions of Stelmar Shipping Ltd. in January 2005 and Maritrans Inc. in November 2006. If the Company fails to develop and integrate any acquired businesses or vessels effectively, its earnings may be adversely affected. Further, if a portion of the purchase price of a business is attributable to goodwill and OSG does not operate the acquired business effectively some or all of the goodwill may be written off, adversely affecting OSG's earnings. In addition, the Company's management team will need to devote substantial time and attention to the integration of the acquired businesses or vessels, which could distract them from their other duties and responsibilities.
Operating costs and capital expenses will increase as the Company's vessels age
In general, capital expenditures and other costs necessary for maintaining a vessel in good operating condition increase as the age of the vessel increases. Accordingly, it is likely that the operating costs of OSG's older vessels will increase. In addition, changes in governmental regulations and compliance with Classification Society standards may require OSG to make additional expenditures for new equipment. In order to add such equipment, OSG may be required to take its vessels out of service. There can be no assurance that market conditions will justify such expenditures or enable OSG to operate its older vessels profitably during the remainder of their economic lives.
OSG's purchase of second hand vessels carries risks associated with the quality of those vessels
OSG's expansion strategy includes the opportunistic acquisition of quality second hand vessels either directly or through corporate acquisitions. Second hand vessels typically do not carry warranties with respect to their condition, whereas warranties are generally available for newbuildings. While the Company generally inspects all second hand
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
vessels prior to purchase, such inspections would normally not provide OSG with as much knowledge about vessel condition as the Company would possess if the vessels had been built for it.
Certain potential customers will not use vessels older than a specified age, even if they have been recently rebuilt
All of our existing ATBs were originally constructed more than 25 years ago. While all of these tug-barge units were rebuilt and double-hulled since 1998 and are "in-class," meaning the vessel has been certified by a classification society as being built and maintained in accordance with the rules of that classification society and complies with the applicable rules and regulations of the vessel's country of registry and applicable international conventions, some potential customers have stated that they will not charter vessels that are more than 20 years old, even if they have been rebuilt. Although there has to date been no material difference in time charter rates earned by a vessel of a specified age and a rebuilt vessel of the same age measured from the date of rebuilding, no assurance can be given that most customers will continue to view rebuilt vessels as comparable to newbuild vessels. If more customers differentiate between rebuilt and newbuild vessels, time charter rates for our rebuilt ATBs will likely be adversely affected.
In the highly competitive international market, OSG may not be able to effectively compete for charters with companies with greater resources
The Company's vessels are employed in a highly competitive market. Competition arises from other vessel owners, including major oil companies, which may have substantially greater resources than OSG does. Competition for the transportation of crude oil and other petroleum products depends on price, location, size, age, condition, and the acceptability of the vessel operator to the charterer. The Company believes that because ownership of the world tanker fleet is highly fragmented, no single vessel owner is able to influence charter rates. To the extent OSG enters into new geographic regions or provides new services, it may not be able to compete profitably. New markets may involve competitive factors that differ from those of the Company's current markets, and the competitors in those markets may have greater financial strength and capital resources than OSG does.
Trading and complementary hedging activities in Forward Freight Agreements ("FFAs") and related FFA options subject the Company to trading risks and the Company may suffer trading losses that reduce earnings
Due to shipping market volatility, success in this industry requires constant adjustment of the balance between chartering out vessels for long periods of time and trading them on a spot basis. The Company seeks to manage and mitigate that risk through trading and complementary hedging activities in forward freight agreements, or FFAs, and related FFA options. However, there is no assurance that the Company will be able at all times to successfully protect itself from volatility in the shipping market. The Company may not successfully mitigate its risks, leaving it exposed to unprofitable contracts and may suffer trading losses that reduce earnings and surplus.
The Company is subject to certain credit risks with respect to its counterparties on contracts and failure of such counterparties to meet their obligations could cause the Company to suffer losses on such contracts, decreasing revenues and earnings
The Company charters its vessels to other parties, who pay the Company a daily rate of hire. The Company also enters into Contracts of Affreightment ("COAs") and Voyage Charters. As OSG increases the portion of its revenues from time charters, it increases its reliance on the ability of time charterers to pay charter hire, especially when spot market rates are less than previously agreed upon time charter rates. Historically, the Company has not experienced any material problem collecting charter hire but the global economic recession that commenced in 2008 may affect charterers more severely than the prior recessions that have occurred since the Company's establishment almost 40 years ago. Additionally, the Company enters into derivative contracts (FFAs and related FFA options, bunker swaps, interest rate swaps and foreign currency contracts). All of these contracts subject the Company to counterparty credit risk. As a result, the Company is subject to credit risks at various levels, including with charterers or cargo interests. If the counterparties fail to meet their obligations, the Company could suffer losses on such contracts which would decrease revenues and earnings.
2008 Annual Report
As the Company expands its business, it will need to improve its operations and financial systems, and recruit additional staff and crew; if it cannot improve these systems or recruit suitable employees, it may not effectively control its operations
The Company's current operating and financial systems may not be adequate as it implements its plan to expand, and its attempts to improve these systems may be ineffective. If the Company is unable to operate its financial and operations systems effectively or to recruit suitable employees for its vessels and offices as it expands its operations, it may be unable to effectively control and manage substantially larger operations. Although it is impossible to predict what errors might occur as the result of inadequate controls, it is the case that it is harder to oversee a sizable operation and, accordingly, more likely that errors will occur as operations grow and that additional management infrastructure and systems will be required to attempt to avoid such errors.
OSG's ability to obtain business from U.S. government agencies may be adversely affected by a determination by the Military Sealift Command (MSC) that OSG is not presently responsible for a single contract.
OSG Product Tankers, LLC ("Product Tankers"), which is an indirect OSG subsidiary (owned through OSG America L.P.), participated in a Request for Proposals issued by the MSC, an agency of the United States Department of the Navy, to time charter two Jones Act compliant product carriers to the MSC. On June 25, 2007, the United Stated Maritime Administration of the Department of Transportation ("MarAd"), acting as lead federal agency under the Federal Acquisition Regulation ("FAR"), entered into a compliance agreement with OSG in lieu of suspending or debarring OSG from business with the U.S. Government based on the December 2006 guilty plea by OSG to violations related to the handling of bilge water and oily mixtures from the engine rooms on certain of its international flag vessels. Notwithstanding that compliance agreement, on July 6, 2007, the MSC found that Product Tankers was not "responsible," pursuant to the FAR, for the particular procurement based on the same violations by OSG's international flag vessels and, therefore, was ineligible to time charter the vessels to the MSC. MSC's non-responsibility determination was upheld by the United States Court of Federal Claims, which ruled that the MSC was not bound by the MarAd's decision as lead federal agency and that the MSC decision was not arbitrary and capricious.
Although the MSC decision specifically addresses only the single contract, it may have an adverse effect on OSG's ability to obtain business from the U.S. government. For 2007 and 2008, OSG did not do any material business with the MSC and, accordingly, did not generate any shipping revenues from the MSC. Historically, OSG has not sought to generate significant revenues from conducting business with the MSC or other agencies and departments within the U.S. government, nor does OSG intend to in the future. The only business OSG currently conducts with the U.S. government is the participation by two of its vessels in the Maritime Security Program ("MSP"), which is intended to support the operation of up to 60 U.S. Flag vessels in the foreign commerce of the United States to make available a fleet of privately owned vessels to the Department of Defense during times of war or national emergency. Payments are made under the MSP to vessel operators, including OSG, to help offset the high cost of employing a U.S. crew. Mar Ad, the agency which decided not to suspend or debar OSG, administers the MSP. To date, the MSC decision has not had an adverse effect on OSG's ability to obtain business from commercial customers.
American Shipping Company ASA, formerly known as Aker American Shipping ASA ("AMSC") and OSG have reached a nonbinding agreement in principle to provide for a global settlement of a number of issues outstanding between them, including, among other things, settlement of their arbitration concerning AMSC's claim that as a result of OSG's order of three articulated tug barges ("ATBs") from Bender, AMSC may impose a five year extension of the term of each of the bareboat charters for the ten Jones Act product carriers that subsidiaries of OSG are chartering from subsidiaries of AMSC. The nonbinding agreement in principle also resolves the dispute as to whether AMSC may unilaterally reverse the building sequence of two vessels, one of which is to be used as a shuttle tanker.
AMSC and OSG have signed a nonbinding agreement in principle ("Nonbinding Agreement") to provide for a global settlement of a number of issues outstanding between them, including, among other things, settlement of the arbitration described below. Implementation of the Nonbinding Agreement is subject to negotiation and signing of definitive agreements and certain other conditions. OSG does not admit and continues vigorously to deny any triggering of charter extension, any breach of contract, and any wrongdoing whatsoever in connection with its dealings with AMSC, and the Nonbinding Agreement does not change that or contain any admission or
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
acknowledgment of liability or wrongdoing. The Nonbinding Agreement provides for the dismissal with prejudice of all the claims in the arbitration, without any payment by OSG of any of AMSC's costs, and contains a number of provisions materially altering the prior agreements between the parties. No assurance can be given that AMSC and OSG will enter into definitive agreements and satisfy the required conditions to implement the Nonbinding Agreement.
If the Nonbinding Agreement is not implemented, the arbitration will continue. The background of the arbitration is that, on October 25, 2007, AMSC informed OSG that AMSC was exercising its alleged right to extend the bareboat charters for an additional five year period, according to AMSC's calculation (which OSG disputes), as a result of OSG's order of the three ATBs from Bender. At that time, AMSC also claimed that OSG has lost its rights in the separate and independent provision to reduce the fixed terms of the bareboat charters to three years (or one year for the charters in effect for two or more years) if AMSC Philadelphia Shipyard Inc. ("APSI") contracts to build product carriers or ocean going tank barges for third parties.
OSG disputes AMSC's claims because, among other reasons, OSG believes that AMSC waived, contracted away, and is otherwise stopped from asserting, its right under its agreement with respect to the order for the tank barges and further that AMSC violated its agreement with OSG to use its best efforts to negotiate in good faith and agree upon the documentation of the clear agreement concerning ATBs contained in an agreement with AMSC.
On January 11, 2008, AMSC sent to OSG a notice demanding arbitration of AMSC's claims against OSG. OSG denied AMSC's claims in the arbitration and brought a counterclaim against AMSC concerning its October 2007 position with respect to OSG's right to reduce the bareboat charter terms of the vessels should APSI contract to build product carriers or ocean going tank barges for third parties.
The parties appointed an arbitration panel, finished discovery and deposed potential witnesses for the arbitration hearing. The arbitration panel held hearings on the merits in November 2008. The parties have postponed further hearings pending implementation of the Nonbinding Agreement.
A five year extension of the initial term of the bareboat charters would lengthen the period OSG is required to charter these vessels. This mandatory extension could have an adverse effect on OSG because it removes OSG's option to decide if it is advantageous to OSG to charter each vessel for the five year extension period, the quantification of such adverse effect being dependent upon market conditions during such five year period. Furthermore, permitting AMSC to compete against OSG-based on the argument, which AMSC has made and which OSG disputes, that OSG has lost its rights in the separate and independent provision to reduce the fixed terms of the bareboat charters to three years (or one year for charters in effect for two or more years) if APSI contracts to build product carriers or ocean going tank barges for third parties-could have an adverse effect on OSG, the quantification of such adverse effect being dependent upon market conditions during the relevant period. No assurances can be given that OSG's positions with respect to AMSC's claims will be upheld in the arbitration.
On October 14, 2008, AMSC notified OSG that AMSC was reversing the building sequence of two vessels, one for a product carrier contractually obligated to be delivered on or before September 19, 2009 to be named the Overseas Cascade, which AMSC has agreed may be converted to a shuttle tanker, and the other for a product carrier contractually obligated to be delivered to OSG on or before January 18, 2010 to be named the Overseas Martinez, which OSG does not have the right to convert to a shuttle tanker. OSG disputes AMSC's ability to make this switch in hulls and delivery dates without OSG's consent, and immediately objected to AMSC's action.
On October 21, 2008, OSG requested that the arbitration panel that is deciding the merits of the dispute described above also decide expeditiously the merits of the dispute concerning the change in delivery dates of the Overseas Cascade and Overseas Martinez to avoid or reduce any harm to OSG or its customers from AMSC's unilateral change in delivery dates. The panel agreed to do so following a decision on the foregoing dispute. No assurance can be given that OSG's position that AMSC can not amend the delivery dates of these two vessels without OSG's consent will be upheld in the arbitration.
Compliance with the environmental compliance plan agreed to with the U.S. Department of Justice imposes a more rigorous standard on OSG's technical management of its vessels, which may adversely affect its business
In connection with the comprehensive settlement of the investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice of the Company's handling of waste oils and maintenance of books and records relating thereto, the Company agreed to
2008 Annual Report
implement and fund an environmental compliance plan, which contains detailed rules, programs and procedures that the Company must follow for a three year period from March 2007 to ensure full compliance with environmental laws and regulations. The Company has implemented these rules, programs and procedures and does not believe that they will adversely affect its ability to technically manage its vessels in a competitive manner. However, because the environmental compliance plan is a condition of the Company's three year probation, violations of certain of these rules and procedures, while not necessarily a violation of environmental laws and regulations, could result in sanctions and have an adverse affect on the Company's business.
OSG's vessels call on ports located in countries that are subject to restrictions imposed by the U.S. government, which could negatively affect the trading price of the Company's common stock
From time to time, vessels in OSG's fleet call on ports located in countries subject to sanctions and embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism, such as Syria and Iran. Although these sanctions and embargoes do not prevent OSG's vessels from making calls to ports in these countries, potential investors could view such port calls negatively, which could adversely affect the Company's reputation and the market for its common stock.
OSG depends on its key personnel and may have difficulty attracting and retaining skilled employees
OSG's success depends to a significant extent upon the abilities and efforts of its key personnel. The loss of the services of any of the Company's key personnel or its inability to attract and retain qualified personnel in the future could have a material adverse effect on OSG's business, financial condition and operating results.
The Company may face unexpected drydock costs for its vessels
Vessels must be drydocked periodically. The cost of repairs and renewals required at each drydock are difficult to predict with certainty and can be substantial. The Company's insurance does not cover these costs. In addition, vessels may have to be drydocked in the event of accidents or other unforeseen damage. OSG's insurance may not cover all of these costs. Large drydocking expenses could significantly decrease the Company's profits.
Maritime claimants could arrest OSG's vessels, which could interrupt its cash flow
Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, shippers of cargo and other parties may be entitled to a maritime lien against that vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or damages. In many jurisdictions, a maritime lien holder may enforce its lien by arresting a vessel through foreclosure proceedings. The arrest or attachment of one or more of the Company's vessels could interrupt OSG's cash flow and require it to pay a significant amount of money to have the arrest lifted. In addition, in some jurisdictions, such as South Africa, under the "sister ship" theory of liability, a claimant may arrest both the vessel that is subject to the claimant's maritime lien and any "associated" vessel, which is any vessel owned or controlled by the same owner. Claimants could try to assert "sister ship" liability against one vessel in the Company's fleet for claims relating to another vessel in its fleet.
Governments could requisition OSG's vessels during a period of war or emergency without adequate compensation
A government could requisition one or more of OSG's vessels for title or for hire. Requisition for title occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and becomes her owner, while requisition for hire occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and effectively becomes her charterer at dictated charter rates. Generally, requisitions occur during periods of war or emergency, although governments may elect to requisition vessels in other circumstances. Although OSG would be entitled to compensation in the event of a requisition of one or more of its vessels, the amount and timing of payment would be uncertain. Government requisition of one or more of OSG's vessels may negatively impact its revenues.
ITEM 1B.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Vessels:
At December 31, 2008, the Company owned or operated (including newbuilds) an aggregate of 154 vessels. See tables presented under Item 1. Additional information about the Company's fleet is set forth on the Company's website, www.osg.com.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is a party, as plaintiff or defendant, to various suits in the ordinary course of business for monetary relief arising principally from personal injuries, collision or other casualty and to claims arising under charter parties. All such personal injury, collision or other casualty claims against the Company are fully covered by insurance (subject to deductibles not material in amount). Each of the claims involves an amount which, in the opinion of management, is not material to the Company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
The term of office of each executive officer continues until the first meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company immediately following the next annual meeting of its stockholders, to be held on June 9, 2009, and until the election and qualification of his successor. There is no family relationship between the executive officers.
Mr. Arntzen was employed by American Marine Advisors, Inc., a U.S.-based merchant banking firm specializing in the maritime industry, as Chief Executive Officer for at least four years prior to January 2004. Mr. Itkin served as Senior Vice President for at least five years prior to his appointment as Executive Vice President. Mr. Berglund was an officer of Stena Rederi AB of Sweden, a company which supports and coordinates the shipping activities of Stena AB, one of the largest privately-held shipping companies in the world, serving as President from January 2003 to August 2005. Mr. Johnston served as Chief Commercial Officer of the Company for at least five years prior to becoming Head of Shipping Operations in September 2005 and served in that capacity until his appointment as Head of U.S.
2008 Annual Report
Flag Strategic Business Unit in January 2009. Mr. Blackley was employed by the Company in numerous positions, including Assistant Treasurer and Vice President, Treasury of OSG Ship Management, Inc.. for at least five years prior to becoming Chief Operating Officer of OSG Ship Management (UK) Ltd. Mr. Dienis worked for Stelmar Shipping Ltd., a publicly traded shipping company that the Company acquired in January 2005, in several management capacities including Chief Operating Officer for at least five years prior to becoming Managing Director and Chief Operating Officer of OSG Ship Management (GR) Ltd. Prior to becoming General Counsel of the Company, Mr. Edelson was employed as Associate General Counsel of the Company from January 2000 until January 2005. For at least five years prior to becoming Head of Worldwide Human Resources for the Company, Mr. Mozdean served as Vice President of Human Resources and Legal Affairs at the Dannon Company, Inc., a leading producer of yogurt products in the United States. Ms. Zabrocky worked for the Company in various management capacities relating to chartering and other commercial functions for at least five years prior to her appointment as Head of the Company's International Product Carrier Strategic Business Unit in September 2005. Mr. LaMonte worked for the Company in various management capacities relating to chartering and vessel sales and purchases for at least five years prior to becoming Head of Gas Strategic Business Unit in September 2008.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
PART II
ITEM 5.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
(a)The Company's common stock is listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol OSG. The range of high and low closing sales prices of the Company's common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange for each of the quarters during the last two years are set forth below.
(b)On February 23, 2009, there were 315 stockholders of record of the Company's common stock.
(c)In June 2008, OSG announced a 40% increase in its annual dividend to $1.75 per share from $1.25 per share of common stock. Subsequent thereto, the Company paid two regular quarterly dividends of $0.4375 per share of common stock. Prior to the above change, the Company paid regular quarterly dividends of $0.3125 per share of common stock subsequent to June 2007, regular quarterly dividends of $0.25 per share of common stock between April 2006 and June 2007 and $0.175 per share of common stock prior to April 2006. The payment of cash dividends in the future will depend upon the Company's operating results, cash flow, working capital requirements and other factors deemed pertinent by the Company's Board of Directors. 2008 Annual Report
STOCKHOLDER RETURN PERFORMANCE PRESENTATION
Set forth below is a line graph for the five years ended December 31, 2008 comparing the yearly percentage change in the cumulative total stockholder return on the Company's common stock against the cumulative return of the published Standard and Poor's 500 index, a peer group index consisting of Frontline Ltd., Teekay Shipping Corporation, General Maritime Corporation, Kirby Corporation, Seacor Holdings Inc., Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited and the Company referred to as the peer group index. The companies in this peer group index consist of those corporations used for determining vesting of performance share units for the Company's senior management whose stock has been publicly traded in the United States for at least five years. The Company believes that this peer group index is relevant for comparative purposes.
STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH
COMPARISON OF FIVE YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
THE COMPANY, S&P 500 INDEX, PEER GROUP INDEX
*Assumes that the value of the investment in the Company's common stock and each index was $100 on December 31, 2003 and that all dividends were reinvested.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
During June 2006, the Board approved a repurchase program, authorizing $300,000,000 to be expended on the repurchase of common stock. On April 24, 2007, the OSG's Board of Directors authorized, and the Company agreed to purchase all of the outstanding shares of the Company's common stock held by Archer-Daniels-Midland Company ("ADM"), or 5,093,391 shares, at $65.42 per share. In addition, on April 24, 2007, the Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program of $200,000,000, which replaced the prior $300,000,000 share repurchase program. The Company completed the 2007 repurchase program in the second quarter of 2008. On June 9, 2008, a new share purchase program of $250,000,000 was authorized by the Board of Directors. Total shares repurchased to date under all of the above authorities, aggregates approximately $826,465,000, or 13,062,100 shares.
The following table shows the fourth quarter 2008 stock repurchase activity:
(a)Remaining shares represent the remaining dollar amount authorized divided by the average purchase price in the month.
ITEM 6.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following unaudited selected consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, and at December 31, 2008 and 2007, are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company set forth in Item 8, which have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. The unaudited selected consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, and at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, are derived from audited consolidated financial statements of the Company not appearing in this Annual Report, which have also been audited by Ernst & Young LLP.
2008 Annual Report
(a)Results for 2004 reflect a $77,423 reduction in deferred tax liabilities recorded on enactment of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004.
(b)Includes vessels held for sale $53,975 in 2008 and $9,744 in 2004.
(c)Amounts do not include debt of affiliated companies in which the Company participates.
(d)Reconciliations of time charter equivalent revenues to shipping revenues as reflected in the consolidated statements of operations follow:
(e)EBITDA represents operating earnings, which is before interest expense and income taxes, plus other income and depreciation and amortization expense. EBITDA is presented to provide investors with meaningful additional information that management uses to monitor ongoing operating results and evaluate trends over comparative periods. EBITDA should not be considered a substitute for net income or cash flow from operating activities prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States or as a measure of profitability or liquidity. While EBITDA is frequently used as a measure of operating results and performance, it is not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled captions of other companies due to differences in methods of calculation.
The following table reconciles net income as reflected in the consolidated statements of operations, to EBITDA:
ITEM 7.
Item 7.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Page
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2008 and 2007
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
2008 Annual Report
OVERSEAS SHIPHOLDING GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AT DECEMBER 31
DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
OVERSEAS SHIPHOLDING GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
2008 Annual Report
OVERSEAS SHIPHOLDING GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
OVERSEAS SHIPHOLDING GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
*For 2008, net of realized losses included in net income of $1,303; and for 2006, net of realized gains included in net income of $23,223.
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
2008 Annual Report
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE A-SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
1.Basis of presentation and description of business-The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its majority-owned subsidiaries (the "Company" or "OSG"). For the three years ended December 31, 2008, all subsidiaries were wholly owned, with the exception of OSG America L.P. (see Note E). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments in 50% or less owned affiliated companies, in which the Company exercises significant influence, are accounted for by the equity method.
The Company owns and operates a fleet of oceangoing vessels engaged in the transportation of liquid and dry bulk cargoes in the international market and the U.S. Flag trades.
2.Cash and cash equivalents-Interest-bearing deposits that are highly liquid investments and have a maturity of three months or less when purchased are included in cash and cash equivalents.
3.Marketable securities-The Company's investments in marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. The Company utilizes the first-in, first-out method to determine the cost of marketable securities sold or the amount reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) into earnings. Net unrealized gains or losses are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) within stockholders' equity.
The Company accounts for investments in marketable securities in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities" and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 59, "Noncurrent Marketable Equity Securities." Accordingly, if a material decline in the fair value below the Company's cost basis is determined to be other than temporary, a noncash impairment loss is recorded in the statement of operations in the period in which that determination is made. As a matter of policy, the Company evaluates all material declines in fair value for impairment whenever the fair value of a security has been below its cost basis for more than six consecutive months. In the period in which a decline in fair value is determined to be other than temporary, the carrying value of that security is written down to its fair value at the end of such period, thereby establishing a new cost basis.
4.Inventories-Inventories, which consists principally of fuel, are stated at cost determined on a first-in, first-out basis.
5.Vessels, deferred drydocking expenditures and other property-Vessels are recorded at cost and are depreciated to their estimated salvage value on the straight-line basis over the lives of the vessels, which are generally 25 years. Each vessel's salvage value is equal to the product of its lightweight tonnage and an estimated scrap rate. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company effected a change in estimate related to the estimated scrap rate for substantially all of its vessels from $150 per lightweight ton to $300 per lightweight ton. The resulting increase in salvage value has been applied prospectively and reduced depreciation by approximately $10,900,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008. Accumulated depreciation was $602,403,000 and $492,357,000 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Other property, including buildings and leasehold improvements, are recorded at cost and amortized substantially on the straight-line basis over the shorter of the terms of the leases or the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from three to 35 years.
Interest costs are capitalized to vessels during the period that vessels are under construction. Interest capitalized aggregated $23,801,000 in 2008, $22,564,000 in 2007 and $6,911,000 in 2006.
Expenditures incurred during a drydocking are deferred and amortized on the straight-line basis over the period until the next scheduled drydocking, generally two and a half to five years. The Company only includes in deferred drydocking costs those direct costs that are incurred as part of the drydocking to meet regulatory requirements, or are expenditures that either add economic life to the vessel, increase the vessel's earnings capacity or improve the vessel's efficiency. Direct costs include shipyard costs as well as the costs of placing the vessel in the shipyard. Expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs, whether incurred as part of the drydocking or not, are expensed as incurred.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
6.Vessels under capital leases-The Company chartered-in two U.S. Flag vessels and one International Flag Handysize Product Carrier that it accounted for as capital leases. In June 2008, the Company purchased the two U.S. Flag vessels. Amortization of capital leases has been computed by the straight-line method over five years for the Handysize Product Carrier and 22 years for the U.S. Flag vessels, representing the terms of the leases. Accumulated amortization was $7,217,000 and $85,580,000 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
7.Impairment of long-lived assets-The carrying amounts of long-lived assets held and used by the Company are reviewed for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a particular asset may not be fully recoverable. In such instances, an impairment charge would be recognized if the estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than the asset's carrying amount. This assessment is made at the individual vessel level since separately identifiable cash flow information for each vessel is available. The amount of an impairment charge, if any, would be determined using discounted cash flows.
8.Goodwill and intangible assets-Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets acquired in a business combination are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. Intangible assets with estimable useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The Company's intangible assets consist primarily of long-term customer relationships as part of the purchase of Maritrans, Inc, and charter-in contracts acquired as part of the purchase of the Heidmar Lightering business. The long-term customer relationships are being amortized on a straight-line basis over 20 years and the charter-in contracts are being amortized on a straight-line basis over approximately four years. Accumulated amortization was $15,247,000 and $7,748,000 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Amortization amounted to $7,499,000 in 2008, $7,359,000 in 2007 and $389,000 in 2006. Amortization of intangible assets for the five years subsequent to December 31, 2008 is expected to approximate $7,500,000 in each of 2009 and 2010, $6,200,000 in 2011 and $5,200,000 in 2012 and 2013.
The Company tests the goodwill in each of its reporting units for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," by comparing the estimated fair value of each operating segment with its net book value. Considering the decline in stock price of OSG America L.P. and the general weakening of the economic outlook and the decline in the financial and banking sectors, the Company performed an impairment test as of September 30, 2008, an annual impairment test as of October 1, 2008, and an impairment test as of December 31, 2008. In the fourth quarter of 2008, the economic downturn resulted in a number of market-related events that are expected to negatively impact the company's U.S. Flag operations in the near and medium-term. Lower demand for refined petroleum products in North America has resulted in a number of major refining companies reducing capital expenditures and deferring and/or eliminating projects that would have increased production capacity throughout the Gulf of Mexico. The reduction in planned refining expansion projects reduces future volumes of clean products that had been forecast to move on Jones Act tankers. Recessionary forces are also now expected to result in unfavorable changes in trading patterns, as refiners shift to higher margin low sulfur diesel for export, resulting in an adverse impact on tonne-mile demand in the Jones Act market and associate rates. As a result of this deterioration in the forward supply/demand balance of the Jones Act market and the reduction in the Company's U.S. Flag newbuilding program, the Company reduced its estimates of future cash flows to measure fair value and, accordingly, recorded an impairment charge of $62,874,000 representing the full value of the goodwill related to the U.S. Flag reportable segment in the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2008.
9.Deferred finance charges-Finance charges incurred in the arrangement of debt are deferred and amortized to interest expense on the straight-line basis over the life of the related debt. Deferred finance charges of $10,952,000 and $15,127,000 are included in other assets at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Amortization amounted to $4,625,000 in 2008, $2,387,000 in 2007 and $7,513,000 in 2006, including a $4,800,000 write-off of the unamortized balance of deferred debt expense for terminated facilities.
10.Revenue and expense recognition-Revenues from time charters and bareboat charters are accounted for as operating leases and are thus recognized ratably over the rental periods of such charters, as service is performed. Voyage revenues and expenses are recognized ratably over the estimated length of each voyage and, therefore, are allocated between reporting periods based on the relative transit time in each period. The impact of recognizing voyage expenses ratably over the length of each voyage is not materially different on a quarterly and annual basis from a method of recognizing such costs as incurred. OSG does not begin recognizing voyage 2008 Annual Report
revenue until a Charter has been agreed to by both the Company and the customer, even if the vessel has discharged its cargo and is sailing to the anticipated load port on its next voyage.
Under voyage charters, expenses such as fuel, port charges, canal tolls, cargo handling operations and brokerage commissions are paid by the Company whereas, under time and bareboat charters, such voyage costs are paid by the Company's customers.
For the Company's vessels operating in pools, revenues and voyage expenses are pooled and allocated to each pool's participants on a time charter equivalent basis in accordance with an agreed-upon formula.
11.Derivatives-Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("FAS 133") requires the Company to recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not effective hedges must be adjusted to fair value through earnings. If the derivative is an effective hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, a change in the fair value of the derivative is either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged item (fair value hedge), or recognized in other comprehensive income/(loss) and is reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedge transaction affects earnings (cash flow hedge). The ineffective portion (that is, the change in fair value of the derivative that does not offset the change in fair value of the hedged item) of an effective hedge and the full amount of derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are immediately recognized in earnings.
The Company uses derivatives to reduce market risks associated with its operations. The Company uses interest rate swaps for the management of interest rate risk exposure. The interest rate swaps effectively convert a portion of the Company's debt from a floating to a fixed rate and are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. For those interest rates swaps for which all the critical terms match, no ineffectiveness is assumed nor recorded in earnings throughout the duration of the swap unless any of the critical terms of either the hedge instrument, or hedged item change, or if there have been any adverse developments regarding counterparty risk. The Company will in such cases, determine the amount of ineffectiveness that must be recorded in earnings and will further assess whether the hedging relationship is expected to continue to be highly effective. The interest rate swaps that qualify for cash flow hedge accounting treatment but do not have matched terms, are measured for ineffectiveness at every reporting period with the amount of ineffectiveness being recorded in earnings. At December 31, 2008 no ineffectiveness gains or losses have been recorded in earnings relative to the Company's interest rate swaps that qualify as hedges. Any gain or loss realized upon the early termination of an interest rate swap is recognized as an adjustment of interest expense over the shorter of the remaining term of the swap or the hedged debt.
The Company also uses Forward Freight Agreements ("FFAs"), FFA options and bunker swaps in order to reduce its exposure to the variability in the cash flows inherent in the spot charter market. The Forward Freight Agreements involve contracts to provide a fixed number of theoretical voyages at fixed rates, which contracts generally range from one month to one year and settle monthly based on a published index. FFAs and bunker swaps that meet the effectiveness threshold required by FAS 133 are accounted for as effective cash flow hedges.
The Company seeks to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates related to recurring monthly general and administrative expenses through the use of foreign currency forward contracts. Derivatives used to hedge these recurring monthly foreign currency denominated general and administrative expenses that meet the criteria for hedge accounting are designated as cash flow hedges.
12.Use of estimates-The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
13.Issuance of shares or units by subsidiaries-The Company accounts for gains or losses from the issuance of shares or units by its subsidiaries as an adjustment to stockholders' equity.
14.Newly issued accounting standards-In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158 ("FAS 158"), "Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R)." FAS 158 requires companies to:
•recognize in its statement of financial position an asset for a defined benefit postretirement plan's overfunded status or a liability for a plan's underfunded status,
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
•measure a defined benefit postretirement plan's assets and obligations that determine its funded status as of the end of the employer's fiscal year, and
•recognize changes in the funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan in comprehensive income in the year in which the changes occur.
FAS 158 does not change the amount of net periodic benefit cost included in net income or address the various measurement issues associated with postretirement benefit plan accounting. The requirement to recognize the funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan and the disclosure requirements was effective for OSG for the year ended December 31, 2006. The requirement to measure plan assets and benefit obligations as of the date of the employer's fiscal year-end statement of financial position is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2008. Earlier application of the measurement date provisions is encouraged; however, early application must be for all of an employer's benefit plans. The adoption of the provisions of FAS 158 did not have a material effect on the Company's financial position.
In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 (revised 2007), "Business Combinations" ("FAS 141R"). FAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. FAS 141R also establishes disclosure requirements to enable the evaluation of the nature and financial effects of the business combination. FAS 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. An entity may not apply it before that date.
In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 160, "Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements-an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51" ("FAS 160"). FAS 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent, the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest, changes in a parent's ownership interest and the valuation of retained noncontrolling equity investments when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. FAS 160 also establishes disclosure requirements that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. FAS 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008 (that is, January 1, 2009, for entities with calendar year-ends). Earlier adoption is prohibited. This statement is required to be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which it initially applied, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements, which must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented.
In March 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 161, "Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133" ("FAS 161"). FAS 161 requires qualitative disclosures about an entity's objectives and strategies for using derivatives and quantitative disclosures about how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity's financial position, financial performance and cash flows. FAS 161 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application allowed. FAS 161 allows, but does not require comparative disclosures for earlier periods at initial adoption.
NOTE B-EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
The computation of basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted earnings per share assumes the exercise of all dilutive
2008 Annual Report
stock options and restricted stock units using the treasury stock method. The components of the calculation of basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share are as follows:
The anti-dilutive effects of equity awards that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share were not material for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008.
NOTE C-CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Interpretation No. 48 ("FIN 48"), "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes," an interpretation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109 ("FAS 109"), "Accounting for Income Taxes." FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing the minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. In addition, FIN 48 specifically excludes income taxes from the scope of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5, "Accounting for Contingencies." FIN 48 applies to all tax positions related to income taxes that are subject to FAS 109, including tax positions considered to be routine. The Company, as required, adopted FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007. The adoption of FIN 48 did not have a material effect on the Company's earnings or financial position.
NOTE D-ACQUISITIONS:
Heidmar Lightering
In April 2007, OSG acquired the Heidmar Lightering business from a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Capital Group Inc. for cash of approximately $41 million. The operation, a fleet of four International Flag Aframaxes and two U.S. Flag workboats, at the time of the acquisition, provides crude oil lightering services to refiners, oil companies and trading companies primarily in the U.S. Gulf. The business managed a portfolio of one-to-three year fixed rate cargo contracts. Under the agreement, OSG acquired the lightering fleet, which was time chartered-in, including a 50% residual interest in two specialized lightering Aframaxes. The operating results of the Heidmar Lightering business have been included in the Company's financial statements commencing April 1, 2007.
Maritrans Inc.
On November 28, 2006, the Company acquired Maritrans Inc. ("Maritrans"), a leading U.S. Flag crude oil and petroleum product shipping company that owned and operated one of the largest fleets of double hull vessels serving the East Coast and U.S. Gulf Coast trades. The operating results of Maritrans have been included in the Company's financial statements commencing November 29, 2006. Maritrans' fleet consisted of 11 ATBs, one of which was in the process of being double hulled, five product carriers, two of which had been redeployed to transport grain, and three large ATBs under construction. Holders of Maritrans' common stock received $37.50 per share in cash for an aggregate consideration of approximately $450 million. Taking into account the assumption of Maritrans' outstanding debt, the total purchase price was approximately $506 million. OSG financed the acquisition
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
through borrowings under existing credit facilities. The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to the fair value of Maritrans' assets and liabilities at the date of the acquisition (in thousands):
NOTE E-PUBLIC OFFERING OF OSG AMERICA L.P.:
On November 8, 2007, a subsidiary of the Company, OSG America L.P., a master limited partnership ("MLP") completed its initial public offering of 7,500,000 common units, representing a 24.5% limited partner interest, at a price of $19.00 per unit. As a result, the Company recorded a $2,165,000 decrease to stockholders' equity, which represents the difference between the net sale proceeds from the issuance of units in the initial public offering and the Company's consolidated basis in the noncontrolling interest in OSG America L.P.
The proceeds received from the public offering and the Company's use of those proceeds are summarized as follows (in thousands):
OSG America L.P. is a Delaware limited partnership formed by the Company as part of its strategy to enhance the valuation of its U.S. Flag assets, which have generally predictable cash flows generated by medium and long-term charters. Immediately after the public offering, OSG America LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of OSG, owned a 2% general partner interest and was the sole general partner of the partnership. As of December 31, 2008, other subsidiaries of OSG held a 75.1% limited partner interest. As a result, OSG effectively owns 77.1% of the MLP. As of December 31, 2008, OSG America L.P. owned and operated a fleet of 21 U.S. Flag Product Carriers and tug barges that principally transport refined petroleum products in the U.S. coastwise trade.
NOTE F-BUSINESS AND SEGMENT REPORTING:
The Company is engaged primarily in the ocean transportation of crude oil and petroleum products in both the international market and the U.S. Flag trades through the ownership and operation of a diversified fleet of bulk cargo vessels. The shipping industry has many distinct market segments based, in large part, on the size and design configuration of vessels required and, in some cases, on the flag of registry. Rates in each market segment are determined by a variety of factors affecting the supply and demand for vessels to move cargoes in the trades for which they are suited. Bulk vessels are not bound to specific ports or schedules and therefore can respond to market opportunities by moving between trades and geographical areas. The Company charters its vessels to commercial shippers and U.S. and foreign governments and governmental agencies primarily on voyage charters and on time charters.
The Company has three reportable segments: International Crude Tankers, International Product Carriers and U.S. vessels. Segment results are evaluated based on income from vessel operations before general and administrative expenses, gain on disposal of vessels and impairment charges (vessel and goodwill). The accounting policies followed by the reportable segments are the same as those followed in the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements.
2008 Annual Report
Information about the Company's reportable segments as of and for the three years ended December 31, 2008 follows:
The Handysize Product Carriers that were reflagged under the U.S. Flag have been included in the International Product Carriers segment since these vessels continue to trade primarily in the international market. The joint venture with four LNG Carriers is included in Other International along with two Capesize Dry Bulk Carriers (prior to the sale of the underlying time charter-in contracts and purchase options for such vessels in August 2008) and one Pure Car Carrier.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
Reconciliations of time charter equivalent revenues of the segments to shipping revenues as reported in the consolidated statements of operations follow:
Consistent with general practice in the shipping industry, the Company uses time charter equivalent revenues, which represents shipping revenues less voyage expenses, as a measure to compare revenue generated from a voyage charter to revenue generated from a time charter. Time charter equivalent revenues, a non-GAAP measure, provides additional meaningful information in conjunction with shipping revenues, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, because it assists Company management in making decisions regarding the deployment and use of its vessels and in evaluating their financial performance.
Reconciliations of income from vessel operations of the segments to income before federal income taxes as reported in the consolidated statements of operations follow:
Reconciliations of total assets of the segments to amounts included in the consolidated balance sheets follow:
Certain additional information about the Company's operations for the three years ended December 31, 2008 follows:
2008 Annual Report
NOTE G-VESSELS, DEFERRED DRYDOCK AND OTHER PROPERTY:
Vessels and other property consist of the following:
In early 2009, OSG began negotiations with Bender Shipbuilding & Repair Co., Inc. ("Bender") to end the agreements covering the six ATBs and two tug boats associated with its U.S. Flag expansion plans due to repeated delays in vessel delivery dates from the original contract delivery dates, Bender's request for substantial price increases on all contracted vessels and OSG's concern about Bender's inability to complete the ATBs and tug boats within contract terms, including as a result of Bender's lack of performance under such agreements and its financial condition. The Company intends to complete two of the six ATBs and the two tug boats at alternative shipyards.
Under the terms of the proposed settlement, which is still in the process of negotiation, Bender would transfer ownership of the vessels to OSG in their current state of completion in consideration for which OSG would, among other things (1) pay and/or reimburse Bender for the costs associated with positioning the units for transportation to the alternative shipyards and certain other material and labor costs related to construction of the units and (2) assume certain specified obligations related to construction of the units, which amounts referred to in clauses (1) and (2) above total in the aggregate approximately $35 million to $40 million. The outcome of the negotiations is uncertain and no assurance can be given that a settlement will be reached and implemented.
The Company reviewed the six ATBs and two tug boats for impairment based upon the information that was known to it as of December 31, 2008. Accordingly, OSG recorded impairment charges aggregating $105,111,000 in the fourth quarter of 2008 related to four of such ATBs. Based on accounting rules that provide guidance with respect to contract terminations and the impairment of long-lived assets such as the ATBs, the Company expects to record additional impairment charges and contract termination costs against earnings in the first quarter of 2009 of between $20 million and $35 million. At December 31, 2008, the book value of the two remaining ATBs and the two tugs under construction was $264,619,000.
During 2008, OSG sold five vessels, one International Flag Aframax, one International Flag Handysize Product Carrier, its remaining single hull U.S. Flag Barge and its two remaining International Flag Dry Bulk Carriers. In addition, the Company sold and chartered back two International Flag Aframaxes and one International Flag Panamax Product Carriers.
During the third quarter of 2008, the Company decided not to have two older U.S. Flag vessels (one Product Carrier and one ATB) undergo scheduled drydockings, which are required to continue operating such vessels. These vessels therefore ceased operating during the fourth quarter of 2008 and were placed in lay-up pending the sale of such vessels. Accordingly, the Company recorded charges of $32,597,000, including $8,754,000 in the fourth quarter of 2008, to write down the carrying amount of these vessels to their estimated fair value as of December 31, 2008. These vessels have been classified as held for sale at December 31, 2008.
The Company entered into an agreement in 2007 to sell one of its 2000-built VLCCs for forward delivery to the buyer, which occurred in January 2009, at which time OSG expects to recognize a gain on the sale of approximately $77,000,000. Such vessel is classified as held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2008. The agreement also provides for profit sharing with the buyer, effective through the date of delivery of the vessel, when time charter equivalent rates earned exceed a base rate defined in the agreement. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had a remaining liability of $494,000 to the buyer under this profit sharing agreement. Amounts owed to the buyer for profit share are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations as reductions of shipping revenues in the quarters to which such amounts relate. Amounts so recorded are paid to the buyer of the vessel in the following quarter.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
During 2007, the Company sold two U.S. Flag Handysize Product Carriers, which had been redeployed to transport grain, its one remaining U.S. Flag Dry Bulk Carrier and one International Flag Handysize Product Carrier. In addition, the Company sold and chartered back two other International Flag Handysize Product Carriers.
During 2006, the Company sold three International Flag vessels (one VLCC and two Aframaxes). In addition, the Company sold and chartered back one International Flag VLCC.
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had remaining commitments for vessels to be wholly owned by the Company of approximately $821,752,000 on non-cancelable contracts for the construction or purchase of 16 vessels (three VLCCs, two Aframaxes, seven Panamax Product Carriers, two Handysize Product Carriers and two ATBs). These vessels are scheduled for delivery between 2009 and 2011.
The Company has entered into an agreement to sell one of the Panamax Product Carrier newbuildings upon its delivery from the shipyard in the first quarter of 2009, at a price that should approximate such vessel's delivered cost. This newbuilding will then be chartered back for twelve years.
Drydocking activity for the three years ended December 31, 2008 is summarized as follows:
NOTE H-EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS:
Investments in affiliated companies include joint ventures accounted for using the equity method. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had a 50% interest in two joint ventures. One joint venture operates four LNG Carriers. The other joint venture is converting two ULCCs to FSOs, which are expected to commence service in the second half of 2009. In addition, the Company has a 37.5% interest in Alaska Tanker Company, LLC that manages vessels carrying Alaskan crude for BP.
Floating Storage and Offloading Service Vessels ("FSO")
In February 2008, Maersk Oil Qatar AS awarded two service contracts to a joint venture between OSG and Euronav NV for eight year terms. The service contracts provide for two ULCCs to be converted to FSOs at a cost of approximately $160,000,000 each. The first ULCC, the TI Asia, which was wholly owned by Euronav NV, was sold to the joint venture in October 2008 for approximately $200,000,000. The second ULCC, the TI Africa, which was wholly owned by OSG, was sold to the joint venture in January 2009 for approximately $200,000,000. The sale of the TI Africa into the joint venture will generate a gain on vessel sale of approximately $52 million in the first quarter of 2009. The joint venture financed the purchase of the vessels through long-term secured bank financing and partner loans. The joint venture has entered into a $500,000,000 secured credit facility to partially finance the acquisition of the two ULCCs and the full cost of the conversion. In connection with the secured bank financing, the partners severally issued guaranties. As of December 31, 2008, the carrying value of the Company's guaranty, which is included in other liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet, was $525,000. The joint venture has entered into forward start floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps with major financial institutions that are being accounted for as cash flow hedges. The interest rate swaps, covering notional amounts aggregating $480,000,000, pay fixed rates of 3.9% and receive floating rates based on LIBOR. These agreements commence between July and September 2009 and have maturity dates ranging from July to September 2017. As of December 31, 2008, the joint venture has recorded a liability of $36,691,000 for the fair value of these swaps. The Company's share of such amount is included in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in the accompanying balance sheet.
2008 Annual Report
VLCC Joint Ventures
In January 2007, the company acquired a 49.99% interest in a company, which was constructing two VLCCs, for approximately $24,100,000. In May 2008, the Company and its joint venture partner entered into an agreement terminating the joint venture arrangement. Under the agreement, the joint venture distributed 100% of the stock of one of the two joint venture subsidiaries, which was constructing a VLCC to be delivered in 2010, to the Company. The stock of the other joint venture subsidiary was distributed to the Company's joint venture partner.
DHT Maritime, Inc.
In October 2005, OSG sold seven tankers (three VLCCs and four Aframaxes) to DHT Maritime, Inc., formerly Double Hull Tankers, Inc. ("DHT") in connection with DHT's initial public offering. In consideration, the Company received $412,580,000 in cash and 14,000,000 shares in DHT, representing a 46.7% equity stake in the new tanker concern. In November 2005, the Company sold 648,500 shares of DHT, pursuant to the exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters of DHT's initial public offering, and received net cash proceeds of $7,315,000. During 2007, the Company sold the remaining 13,351,500 shares of DHT and received net cash proceeds of $194,706,000. Such sales reduced the Company's interest in DHT to 0.0% as of June 30, 2007 from 44.5% as of December 31, 2006. OSG has time chartered the vessels back from DHT for initial periods of five to six and one-half years with various renewal options of up to an additional five to eight years, depending on the vessel. The charters provide for profit sharing with DHT when the aggregate TCE revenues earned by the vessels exceed the aggregate basic charter hire defined in the agreement. Under related agreements, a subsidiary of the Company technically manages these vessels for DHT. In late 2008, the basic charter-hire agreements were extended for periods of twelve or eighteen months depending on the vessel and concurrently the technical management agreements were renegotiated on market terms. These new agreements become effective January 17, 2009.
OSG booked a gain on the sale and charter back of these vessels of $232,159,000 in the fourth quarter of 2005. The gain was deferred for accounting purposes and is being recognized as a reduction of time charter hire expense over the initial charter periods.
LNG Joint Venture
In November 2004, the Company formed a joint venture with Qatar Gas Transport Company Limited (Nakilat) whereby companies in which OSG holds a 49.9% interest ordered four 216,200 cbm LNG Carriers. Upon delivery in late 2007 and early 2008, these vessels commenced 25-year time charters to Qatar Liquefied Gas Company Limited (II). The aggregate construction cost for such newbuildings of $918,026,000 was financed by the joint venture through long-term bank financing that is nonrecourse to the partners and partner contributions. The joint venture has entered into floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps with a group of major financial institutions that are being accounted for as cash flow hedges. The interest rate swaps cover notional amounts aggregating $873,221,000, pursuant to which it will pay fixed rates of approximately 4.9% and receive a floating rate based on LIBOR. These agreements have maturity dates ranging from July to November 2022. As of December 31, 2008, the joint venture has recorded a liability of $183,361,000 for the fair value of these swaps. The Company's share of such amount is included in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in the accompanying balance sheet.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
Alaska Tanker Company
In the first quarter of 1999, OSG, BP, and Keystone Shipping Company formed Alaska Tanker Company, LLC ("ATC") to manage the vessels carrying Alaskan crude oil for BP. ATC provides marine transportation services in the environmentally sensitive Alaskan crude oil trade. Each member in ATC is entitled to receive its respective share of any incentive charter hire payable by BP to ATC.
A condensed summary of the combined assets and liabilities of the equity method investments follows:
*Includes undistributed earnings of $17,616 in 2008. As of December 31, 2008, the affiliated companies in which the Company participates had total bank debt outstanding of $978,781,000 of which $899,481,000 was nonrecourse to the Company. The Company's percentage interest in the equity method investments with bank debt approximates 50%.
A condensed summary of the results of operations of the equity method investments follows:
*Interest is net of amounts capitalized in connection with vessel construction of $2,738 (2008), $34,495 (2007) and $17,759 (2006). NOTE I-DERIVATIVES, FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES:
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements":
Cash and cash equivalents-The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheet for interest-bearing deposits approximate their fair value.
Debt, including capital lease obligations-The fair values of the Company's fixed rate debt are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on the rates currently available for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities.
Interest rate swaps-The fair value of interest rate swaps is the estimated amount that the Company would receive or pay to terminate the swaps at the reporting date.
Forward freight agreements and bunker swaps-The fair value of forward freight agreements and bunker swaps is the estimated amount that the Company would receive or pay to terminate the agreements at the reporting date.
Foreign Currency Contracts-The fair value of foreign currency contracts is the estimated amount that the Company would receive or pay to terminate the contract at the reporting date.
2008 Annual Report
The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments, other than derivatives, follow:
Forward Freight Agreements
The Company enters into Forward Freight Agreements ("FFAs"), FFA options and bunker swaps with an objective to utilize them as (i) economic hedging instruments, some of which qualify as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes, that reduce its exposure to changes in the spot market rates earned by some of its vessels in the normal course of its shipping business; and prior to June 30, 2008, for (ii) for trading purposes to take advantage of short term fluctuations in the market.
The impact of settlements and changes in fair value of the economic hedging instruments that do not qualify as cash flow hedges and derivative transactions entered into for trading purposes are reflected in other income/(expense). Certain FFAs and bunker swap trades qualified as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes at December 31, 2008 with the change in fair value of the effective portions being recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) as a loss amounting to $1,752,000. All qualifying hedges together with FFAs that do not qualify for hedge accounting are shown at fair value in the balance sheet.
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company recorded an asset of $19,546,000 and a liability of $6,487,000, respectively, related to the fair values of all of these agreements representing positions that extend to December 2010.
Transactions involving FFAs, FFA options and bunker swaps reduced income by $73,794,000 in 2008, $4,213,000 in 2007 and $2,559,000 in 2006.
These amounts are reflected in the accompanying statements of operations as follows:
The following table presents the hedging expenses, which are net of taxes, that the Company expects to reclassify from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) as of December 31, 2008 related to the effective portions of FFAs and bunker swaps that will affect earnings for 2009 and January 2010. The results from these effective cash flow hedges are expected to be offset by changes in the underlying hedged revenues in the periods shown in the table.
Interest Rate Swaps
As of December 31, 2008, the Company is a party to floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps, which are being accounted for as cash flow hedges, with various major financial institutions covering notional amounts aggregating approximately $453,716,000 pursuant to which it pays fixed rates ranging from 2.9% to 4.7% and receives floating rates based on the London interbank offered rate ("LIBOR") (approximately 1.4% at December 31, 2008). These agreements contain no leverage features and have various final maturity dates ranging from February 2010 to August
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
2014. As of December 31, 2008, the Company has recorded a liability of $22,084,000 related to the fair values of these swaps.
During the first quarter of 2006, the Company transferred a loss of $232,000 from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) to other income/(expense) for interest rate swaps that matured in July 2006 with notional amounts totaling $199,000,000 that no longer qualified as effective cash flow hedges because the underlying debt was repaid.
Foreign Currency Contracts
The Company seeks to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates through the use of foreign currency forward contracts. For these contracts, which qualify as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes, hedge effectiveness is assessed based on changes in foreign exchange rates with the change in fair value of the effective portions being recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss). As of December 31, 2008, the Company has recorded a liability of $99,000 related to the fair values of these forward contracts.
Fair Value Disclosures
The following table presents the fair values, which are pre tax, for assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2008 (in thousands):
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (excluding investments in affiliated companies)
(1)Forward Freight Agreements and Bunker Swaps
(2)Standard interest rate swaps (loss of $22,084) and foreign currency contracts (loss of $99) The following table summarizes the fair values of items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for the year ended December 31, 2008 (in thousands):
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
(3)In accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets" ("FAS 144"), a pre-tax impairment charge of $32,597 was recorded related to U.S. Flag vessels classified as held for sale. The fair value measurement used to determine the impairment reflects the expected proceeds as of December 31, 2008.
(4)In accordance with the provisions of FAS 144, a pre-tax impairment charge of $105,111 was recorded related to construction in progress in the U.S. Flag segment. The fair value measurement used to determine the impairment was based upon the income approach which utilized cash flow projections consistent with the most recent projections of the Company, and a discount rate equivalent to a market participant's weighted average cost of capital.
(5)In accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" ("FAS 142"), an impairment charge of $62,874 was recorded related to goodwill in the U.S. Flag segment. The fair value measurement used to determine the impairment was based upon the income approach which utilized cash flow projections consistent with the most recent projections of the Company, and a discount rate equivalent to a market participant's weighted average cost of capital. Cash Collateral Disclosures
The Company does not offset fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral. The amounts of collateral to be posted are defined in the terms of respective master
2008 Annual Report
agreements executed with counterparties or exchanges and are required when agreed upon threshold limits are exceeded. The following table summarizes the amounts paid and received as collateral related to derivative fair value positions:
(1)The deposits related to the right to reclaim cash collateral is reflected in other assets on the balance sheet.
(2)The obligations to return cash collateral is reflected in accounts payable, sundry liabilities and accrued expenses on the balance sheet. NOTE J-ACCOUNTS PAYABLE, SUNDRY LIABILITIES AND ACCRUED EXPENSES:
Accounts payable, sundry liabilities and accrued expenses follows:
NOTE K-DEBT:
Debt consists of the following:
The weighted average effective interest rate for debt outstanding at December 31, 2008 and 2007 was 3.4% and 6.4%, respectively. Such rates take into consideration related interest rate swaps.
In November 2007, OSG America L.P., a subsidiary of OSG, entered into a $200 million five-year senior secured revolving credit agreement which is nonrecourse to the Company. Borrowings under this facility bear interest at a rate based on LIBOR. The facility may be extended by 24 months subject to approval by lenders.
The Company entered into a $1.8 billion seven-year unsecured revolving credit agreement in 2006 with a group of banks (except that after five years the maximum amount the Company may borrow under the credit agreement is reduced by $150 million and after six years such amount is further reduced by an additional $150 million). Borrowings under this facility bear interest at a rate based on LIBOR.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
In 2008, the Company repurchased principal amounts of $7,540,000 of its 8.75% debentures due in 2013 and its 7.5% notes due in 2024 and recognized a net gain of approximately $331,000. In 2006, the Company repurchased principal amounts of $23,885,000 of its 8.25% Senior Notes and $6,700,000 of its 8.75% debentures and recognized a loss of $1,511,000 on the repurchased debt. In May 2008, the Company redeemed, at a premium, its outstanding 8.25% Senior Notes due March 2013 with a principal amount of $176,115,000 and recognized a loss of $7,265,000, equal to the premium paid, in other income/(expense). In addition, the Company wrote off as additional interest expense, the balance of the unamortized deferred debt expense of approximately $2,150,000.
In August 2008, the Company amended floating rate secured term loans covering seven vessels. The amendment provided additional borrowing capacity of approximately $100,000,000 ("New Loan"), adding two vessels currently under construction to the secured facility. The New Loan bears interest at a rate based on LIBOR and amortizes over ten years commencing upon delivery of each of the two vessels. Upon closing of the amended facility, the Company borrowed $32,812,000.
At December 31, 2008, the Company had unused long-term unsecured credit availability of approximately $1,103,000,000, which reflects $103,147,000 of letters of credit issued principally in connection with collateral requirements for freight derivative transactions and the construction of two VLCCs.
Agreements related to long-term debt provide for prepayment privileges (in certain instances with penalties), limitations on the amount of total borrowings and secured debt, and acceleration of payment under certain circumstances, including failure to satisfy certain financial covenants.
As of December 31, 2008, approximately 28.3% of the net book value of the Company's vessels is pledged as collateral under certain debt agreements.
The aggregate annual principal payments required to be made on debt are as follows:
Interest paid, excluding capitalized interest, amounted to $66,464,000 in 2008, $69,344,000 in 2007 and $74,409,000 in 2006.
NOTE L-TAXES:
From January 1, 1987 through December 31, 2004, earnings of the foreign shipping companies (exclusive of foreign joint ventures in which the Company has a less than 50% interest) have been subject to U.S. income taxation in the year earned and may therefore be distributed to the U.S. parent without further tax. Income of foreign shipping companies earned from January 1, 1976 through December 31, 1986 ("Deferred Income") was excluded from U.S. income taxation to the extent that such income was reinvested in foreign shipping operations. Foreign shipping income earned before 1976 is not subject to tax unless distributed to the U.S. parent. A determination of the amount of qualified investments in foreign shipping operations, as defined, is made at the end of each year and such amount is compared with the corresponding amount at December 31, 1986. If, during any determination period, there is a reduction of qualified investments in foreign shipping operations, Deferred Income, limited to the amount of such reduction, would become subject to tax.
On October 22, 2004, the President of the U.S. signed into law the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004. The Jobs Creation Act reinstated tax deferral for OSG's foreign shipping income for years beginning after December 31, 2004. Effective January 1, 2005, the earnings from shipping operations of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are not subject to U.S. income taxation as long as such earnings are not repatriated to the U.S. The Company intends to permanently reinvest these earnings, as well as the undistributed income of its foreign companies accumulated through December 31, 1986, in foreign operations. Accordingly, no provision for U.S. income taxes on the shipping income of its foreign subsidiaries was required in the three years ended December 31, 2008 and no provision for U.S.
2008 Annual Report
income taxes on the undistributed income of the foreign shipping companies accumulated through December 31, 1986 was required at December 31, 2008. Further, no provision for U.S. income taxes on the Company's share of the undistributed earnings of the less than 50%-owned foreign shipping joint ventures was required as of December 31, 2008, because the Company intends to indefinitely reinvest such earnings ($90,000,000 at December 31, 2008). The unrecognized deferred U.S. income taxes attributable thereto approximated $31,500,000.
In September 2006, the Company made an election under the Jobs Creation Act, effective for years commencing with 2005, to have its qualifying U.S. Flag operations taxed under a tonnage tax regime rather than under the usual U.S. corporate income tax regime. As a result of that election, OSG's taxable income for U.S. income tax purposes with respect to the eligible U.S. Flag vessels will not include income from qualifying shipping activities in U.S. foreign trade (i.e., transportation between the U.S. and foreign ports or between foreign ports). In accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes," the Company recorded a reduction in its deferred tax provision of $3,500,000 in 2006 relating to the write off of deferred tax liabilities that will no longer reverse as a result of the election of the tonnage tax regime.
As of December 31, 2008, undistributed earnings on which U.S. income taxes have not been provided aggregated approximately $2,500,000,000, including $119,000,000 earned prior to 1976; the unrecognized deferred U.S. income tax attributable to such undistributed earnings approximated $875,000,000.
As discussed above, earnings of OSG's foreign shipping subsidiaries from January 1, 1987 through December 31, 2004, were subject to U.S. income taxes and, therefore, may be distributed to the U.S. parent without further tax. In 2008, the Company repatriated approximately $545,000,000 of such previously taxed earnings, representing the full balance of its undistributed previously taxed earnings.
Pursuant to the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, as amended, the Company is a party to an agreement that permits annual deposits, related to taxable income of certain of its domestic subsidiaries, into a Capital Construction Fund. Payments of federal income taxes on such deposits and earnings thereon are deferred until, and if, such funds are withdrawn for nonqualified purposes or termination of the agreement; however, if withdrawn for qualified purposes (acquisition of U.S. Flag vessels or retirement of debt on U.S. Flag vessels), such funds remain tax-deferred and the federal income tax basis of any such vessel is reduced by the amount of such withdrawals. Under its agreement, the Company is expected to use the fund to acquire or construct U.S. Flag vessels. Monies can remain tax-deferred in the fund for a maximum of 25 years (commencing January 1, 1987 for deposits prior thereto).
The significant components of the Company's deferred tax liabilities and assets follow:
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
During 2008, the Company established a valuation allowance of $48,031,000 against the deferred tax assets resulting from the write-down of certain U.S. Flag vessels in the fourth quarter of 2008 and net operating loss carryforwards arising in 2008. The valuation allowance was established because the Company could not determine that it was more likely than not that the full amount of the deferred tax asset would be realized through the generation of taxable income in the future. The valuation allowance was recorded as a reduction in the federal income tax benefit in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2008.
The components of income before federal income taxes follow:
Substantially all of the above foreign income resulted from the operations of companies that were not subject to income taxes in their countries of incorporation.
The components of the (provision)/credits for federal income taxes follow:
Reconciliations of the actual federal income tax rate attributable to pretax income and the U.S. statutory income tax rate follow:
The following is a roll-forward of the Company's FIN 48 unrecognized tax benefits for 2008 and 2007:
The Company does not presently anticipate such uncertain tax positions will significantly increase or decrease in the next 12 months; however actual developments could differ from those currently expected. The Company is generally no longer subject to federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2003.
2008 Annual Report
OSG records interest on unrecognized tax benefits in its provision for income taxes. The interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits are included in the roll-forward schedule above and were approximately $1,811,000 in 2008 and $699,000 in 2007.
NOTE M-CAPITAL STOCK AND STOCK COMPENSATION:
In June 2008, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $250,000,000 of the Company's common stock from time-to-time. Such purchases of the Company's common stock will be made at the Company's discretion and take into account such factors as price and prevailing market conditions. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had repurchased 3,798,200 shares of its common stock under the 2008 program. On April 24, 2007, the Board authorized, and the Company agreed to purchase all of the outstanding shares held by Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, or 5,093,391 shares, at $65.42 per share. The above purchase, in addition to the total shares previously repurchased under the June 2006 authority, aggregated 6,451,491 shares. In addition, in April 2007, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of $200,000,000, which replaced a prior $300,000,000 share repurchase program authorized in June 2006. The Company completed the 2007 share repurchase program in the second quarter of 2008 and had repurchased 2,812,385 shares of its common stock under such program.
The Company granted a total of 15,228 (2008), 12,000 (2007), and 11,000 (2006) restricted stock units during the three years ended December 31, 2008, to certain of its non-employee directors. Each restricted stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of common stock upon the non-executive director's termination of service as a board member. Restricted stock units granted in 2008 vest ratably over a four-year period, which period may be accelerated provided that the director has served until the earlier of (a) the first anniversary of the grant date or (b) the next annual meeting of the Company's stockholders. Restricted stock units granted prior to 2008 vested upon the earlier of the first anniversary of the date of grant or the next annual meeting of the stockholders. The restricted stock units have no voting rights and may not be transferred or otherwise disposed of while the non-employee director is a director. The non-employee director is entitled to dividends in the form of additional restricted stock units at the same time dividends are paid on the Company's common stock in an amount equal to the result obtained by dividing (i) the product of (x) the amount of units owned by the non-employee director on the record date for the dividend times (y) the dividend per share by (ii) the closing price of a share of the Company's common stock on the payment date, which restricted units vest immediately on the payment date for the dividend. At the date of the awards the fair market value of the Company's stock was $78.80 (2008), $79.16 (2007) and $58.32 (2006) per share during the three years ended December 31, 2008.
The Company awarded a total of 272,515 (2008), 143,351 (2007) and 83,411 (2006) shares during the three years ended December 31, 2008, of restricted common stock at no cost to certain of its employees, including senior officers. Restrictions limit the sale or transfer of these shares until they vest, which occurs over a four or five-year period. During the restriction period, the shares will have voting rights and cash dividends will be paid if declared. The weighted average fair values of the restricted stock issued during the three years ended December 31, 2008, were $51.29 (2008), $56.42 (2007) and $49.04 (2006) per share.
In 2007, the Company granted a total of 278,083 performance related restricted stock units and performance related options covering 146,270 shares to certain of its employees, including senior officers. Each performance stock unit represents a contingent right to receive one share of common stock if certain market related performance goals are met and the covered employees are continuously employed through the end of the period over which the performance goals are measured. The performance stock units have no voting rights and may not be transferred or otherwise disposed of until they vest. In certain instances, cash dividends, if declared, will be held uninvested and without interest and paid in cash if and when such performance stock units vest. The weighted average grant-date market prices of the performance stock units awarded during 2007 was $56.46 per share. The estimated weighted average grant-date fair value of performance stock units awarded during 2007 was $20.41 per share. The weighted average exercise price of the performance options awarded during 2007 was $63.44 per share (the market price at date of grant). The estimated weighted average grant-date fair value of performance options awarded during 2007 was $17.23 per share.
Compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period, contingent or otherwise, applicable to each grant, using the straight-line method. Compensation expense as a result of all of these grants of restricted stock and restricted stock units was $7,617,000 in 2008, $5,924,000 in 2007 and $2,371,000 in 2006.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
Activity with respect to restricted common stock and restricted stock units is summarized as follows:
The Company's 2004 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the "2004 Plan"), which was approved by shareholders in June 2008, enables the Company to grant stock-based awards, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and performance awards to employees, consultants and non-employee directors. Options covering 1,361,751 shares are outstanding with exercise prices ranging from $40.95 to $64.92 per share (the market prices at dates of grant). A total of 536,794 shares of the Company's stock may be issued or used as the basis for awards under the 2004 Plan as of December 31, 2008. No further stock options may be granted under the Company's 1998 stock option plan and the 1999 non-employee director stock option plan.
Options covering 105,413 shares are outstanding under the 1998 stock option plan with exercise prices ranging from $13.81 to $35.70 per share (the market prices at dates of grant). Options granted under the 1998 stock option plan vest and become exercisable over a three-year period and expire ten years from the date of grant.
Options covering 61,000 shares are outstanding under the 1999 non-employee director stock option plan with exercise prices ranging from $16.35 to $44.47 per share (the market prices at dates of grant). The plan provided for the grant of an initial option for 7,500 shares and an annual option for 1,000 shares thereafter to each non-employee director at an exercise price equal to market value at the date of the grant. Initial options vest and become exercisable over a three-year period; annual options vest and become exercisable one year from the date of the grant. All options expire ten years from the date of grant.
Stock option activity under all plans is summarized as follows:
2008 Annual Report
The weighted average remaining contractual life of the outstanding stock options at December 31, 2008 was 8.2 years. The range of exercise prices of the stock options outstanding at December 31, 2008 was $13.81 to $64.92 per share. The weighted average exercise prices of the stock options outstanding at December 31, 2008 and 2007 were $50.98 and $51.03 per share, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic values of the options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2008 were $2,145,000 and $1,664,000, respectively.
The Company follows FAS 123(R) and related Interpretations in accounting for its stock options. The fair values of the options granted other than performance related options were estimated on the dates of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for 2008, 2007 and 2006: risk free interest rates of 2.4%, 4.7% and 4.6%, dividend yields of 3.4%, 1.8% and 1.5%, expected stock price volatility factors of .35, .31 and .36, and expected lives of 6.0 years. The weighted average grant-date fair values of options other than performance related options granted in 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $13.01, $17.96, and $18.04, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised amounted to $425,000 in 2008, $168,000 in 2007 and $150,000 in 2006.
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. Since the Company's stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its stock options.
The performance related grants in 2007 were valued using assumptions similar to those described above for the risk free interest rates, dividend yields and stock price volatility within a Monte Carlo pricing model that takes into account the market related performance goals described in the grants.
As of December 31, 2008, there was $28,829,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years.
NOTE N-ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS):
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of related taxes, in the consolidated balance sheets follow:
At December 31, 2008, the Company expects that it will reclassify $22,673,000 of net losses on derivative instruments from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) to earnings during the next twelve months related to the effective portions of qualifying FFA and foreign currency transactions that will affect earnings for 2009 and due to the payment of variable rate interest associated with floating rate debt.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
The components of the change in the accumulated unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net of related taxes follow:
The income tax expense/(benefit) allocated to each component of other comprehensive income/(loss) follows:
NOTE O-LEASES:
1.Charters-in:
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had commitments to charter-in 77 vessels. Seventy-six of such charter-ins are, or will be, accounted for as operating leases, of which 36 are bareboat charters and 40 are time charters. The future minimum commitments and related number of operating days under these operating leases are as follows:
Bareboat Charters-in:
Time Charters-in:
2008 Annual Report
The future minimum commitments for time charters-in have been reduced to reflect estimated days that the vessels will not be available for employment due to drydock.
The future minimum commitments under the one bareboat charter-in that is classified as a capital lease are as follows:
Certain of these charters also provide the Company with renewal and purchase options.
During 2008, the Company sold and chartered back two International Flag Aframaxes and two International Flag Product Carriers. Such charters are classified as operating leases. The gain on the transactions of approximately $9,979,000 was deferred and is being amortized over the term of each of the charters (ranging from seven and one half years to twelve years) as a reduction of charter hire expense.
During 2008, the Company entered into agreements to charter-in one Aframax, two Handysize Product Carriers and one Chemical carrier, all of which are, or will be, classified as operating leases. The charter-in commitments on two Aframaxes and two Suezmaxes were cancelled in the fourth quarter of 2008.
In February 2007, the Company sold and chartered back two of its Handysize Product Carriers, which bareboat charters are classified as operating leases. The aggregate gain on the transaction of approximately $10,773,000 was deferred and is being amortized over the seven and one-half year terms of the leases as a reduction of charter hire expenses. In the third quarter of 2007, the Company entered into agreements to purchase and then sell and charter back, on a bareboat basis, two Suezmaxes from DHT. OSG took delivery of the first of the two Suezmaxes late in 2007 and of the other in the first quarter of 2008. The Company did not recognize any gain or loss on the sale of these vessels. The charters, which are for terms of seven and ten years, are classified as operating leases.
During 2007, the Company entered into charter-in arrangements in conjunction with other pool members covering a 50% interest in the three-year time charters of two newbuilding Aframaxes and a five-year time charter of one newbuilding VLCC, which commenced upon their delivery from shipyards in 2007.
In September 2006, the Company sold and chartered back one VLCC, whose time charter is classified as an operating lease. The gain on the transaction of approximately $29,161,000 was deferred and is being amortized over the seven-year term of the lease as a reduction of charter hire expenses.
During 2006, the Company entered into agreements to charter in eight newbuild Handysize Product Carriers for periods ranging from seven to ten years. These newbuilds are scheduled for delivery to the Company between 2008 and 2010. In addition, the Company entered into charter-in arrangements in conjunction with other pool members covering four vessels, a 30% participation interest in three-year time charters of two 2003-built Aframaxes and a 50% participation interest in five-year time charters of two 1996-built VLCCs. The charters for all twelve vessels are, or will be, classified as operating leases.
In June 2005, OSG signed agreements for the bareboat charters of ten Jones Act Product Tankers to be constructed by Aker Philadelphia Shipyard, Inc. ("APSI"). The order was increased to 12 ships in October 2007. Following construction, APSI will sell the vessels to leasing subsidiaries of American Shipping Company ("AMSC"), an affiliate of APSI, which will bareboat charter the vessels to subsidiaries of OSG for initial terms of five to ten years, with OSG having extension options for the life of the vessels. Five of the 12 vessels delivered prior to December 31, 2008. The remaining seven vessels are scheduled to be delivered between 2009 and 2011. The charters provide for profit sharing with the owners of the vessels when revenues earned by the vessels exceed amounts defined in the charters.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
2.Charters-out:
The future minimum revenues, before reduction for brokerage commissions, expected to be received on noncancelable time charters and the related revenue days (revenue days represent calendar days, less days that vessels are not available for employment due to repairs, drydock or lay-up) are as follows:
Future minimum revenues do not include the Company's share of time charters entered into by the pools in which it participates. Revenues from a time charter are not generally received when a vessel is off-hire, including time required for normal periodic maintenance of the vessel. In arriving at the minimum future charter revenues, an estimated time off-hire to perform periodic maintenance on each vessel has been deducted, although there is no assurance that such estimate will be reflective of the actual off-hire in the future.
Charters on two vessels provide the charterer with options to buy the vessels at the end of the charters in June 2009 at fixed prices, which will approximate their expected book values. The charterer has exercised its purchase options for both of these vessels.
3.Office space: The future minimum commitments under lease obligations for office space are as follows:
The rental expense for office space, which is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations, amounted to $5,531,000 in 2008, $5,043,000 in 2007 and $4,511,000 in 2006.
NOTE P-PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS:
The Company was the sponsor of a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all of its domestic shore-based employees hired prior to January 1, 2005. Retirement benefits were based primarily on years of service and compensation earned during the last years of employment. The Company's policy was to fund pension costs as accrued, but not in excess of amounts allowable under income tax regulations. The Company also had an unfunded, nonqualified supplemental pension plan covering certain employees, that provided for additional benefits, primarily those benefits that would otherwise have been payable to such employees under the Company's pension plan in the absence of limitations imposed by income tax regulations.
In October 2005, the Company's Board of Directors approved the termination, effective December 31, 2005, of (i) the qualified defined benefit pension plan covering its domestic shore-based employees, and (ii) the unfunded, nonqualified supplemental defined benefit pension plan with respect to members in active service. Concurrently, the Company amended its existing 401(k) employee savings plan and adopted an unfunded, nonqualified supplemental defined contribution plan to provide for increased levels of employer contributions, or hypothetical contributions with
2008 Annual Report
respect to the unqualified plan, commencing in 2006. In connection with the termination of these defined benefit plans, the Company recorded charges to earnings of $4,706,000 in the fourth quarter of 2005 and $4,228,000 in the fourth quarter of 2006 at the time of the final settlement of the obligations under the above defined benefits plans in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 88, "Employers Accounting for Settlement and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits" ("FAS 88").
In connection with the acquisition of Maritrans, the Company assumed the obligations under the defined benefit retirement plan of Maritrans Inc. ("the Maritrans Plan"). As of December 31, 2006, the Company froze the benefits under the Maritrans Plan and expects to terminate the Maritrans Plan in 2009. At December 31, 2008, the Maritrans Plan is the only domestic defined benefit pension plan in existence. The Maritrans Plan was noncontributory and covered substantially all shore-based employees and substantially all of the seagoing supervisors who were supervisors in 1984, or who were hired as, or promoted into, supervisory roles between 1984 and 1998 for that period of time. Beginning in 1999, the seagoing supervisors retirement benefits are provided through contributions to an industry-wide, multi-employer union sponsored pension plan. Upon retirement, those seagoing supervisors are entitled to retirement benefits from the Maritrans Plan for service periods between 1984 and 1998 and from the multi-employer union sponsored plan for other covered periods. Retirement benefits are based primarily on years of service and average compensation for the five consecutive plan years that produce the highest results.
The Company also provides certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits to qualifying domestic retirees and their eligible dependents. The health care plan is contributory, and the life insurance plan is noncontributory. In general, postretirement medical coverage is provided to employees hired prior to January 1, 2005 who retire and have met minimum age and service requirements under a formula related to total years of service. The Company no longer provides prescription drug coverage to its retirees or their beneficiaries, other than licensed deck officers, who reach age 65 after 2005. Generally, the resulting savings under the retiree medical plan will be shared equally by the Company and those employees and their beneficiaries currently over age 65 and will be shared in proportion to the current cost-sharing provisions for those employees and their beneficiaries not yet age 65. The Company does not currently fund these benefit arrangements and has the right to amend or terminate the health care benefits at any time.
Certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries have pension plans that, in the aggregate, are not significant to the Company's consolidated financial position.
On December 31, 2006, the Company adopted the recognition and disclosure provisions of FAS 158. FAS 158 required the Company to recognize the funded status (i.e., the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligations) of its pension and other postretirement benefit plans in the December 31, 2006 balance sheet, with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax. The adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) at adoption represents the net unrecognized actuarial losses, unrecognized prior service costs and unrecognized transition obligation remaining from the initial adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 87 ("FAS 87"), "Employers' Accounting for Pensions," all of which were previously netted against the plan's funded status in the Company's balance sheet pursuant to the provisions of FAS 87. These amounts will be subsequently recognized as net periodic cost pursuant to the Company's historical accounting policy for amortizing such amounts. Further, actuarial gains and losses that arise in subsequent periods and are not recognized as net periodic cost in the same periods will be recognized as a component of other comprehensive income/(loss). Those amounts will subsequently be recognized as a component of net periodic cost on the same basis as the amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) at adoption of FAS 158.
Included in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) at December 31, 2008 are the following amounts that have not yet been recognized in net periodic cost: unrecognized transition obligation of $1,190,000 ($803,000 net of tax), unrecognized prior service costs of $184,000 ($124,000 net of tax) and unrecognized actuarial losses $16,319,000 ($11,012,000 net of tax). The transition obligation, prior service credit and actuarial loss included in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) and expected to be recognized in net periodic cost during the year ended December 31, 2009 is $71,000 ($49,000 net of tax), $193,000 ($123,000 net of tax), and $475,000 ($315,000 net of tax), respectively.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
Information with respect to the domestic plans for which the Company uses a December 31 measurement date, follow:
The accumulated benefit obligation for the Company's defined benefit pension plans described above was $45,756,000 and $44,476,000 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Information for domestic pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets follows:
2008 Annual Report
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations follow:
*Applicable to members of the qualified Maritrans Plan and 5.75% and 6.0%, respectively with regard to the unqualified plan. The weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost follow:
*the Maritrans Plan. The assumed health care cost trend rate for measuring the benefit obligation included in Other Benefits above is an increase of 9% for 2009, with the rate of increase declining steadily thereafter by 1% per annum to an ultimate trend rate of 5% per annum in 2012. Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plans. A 1% change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:
Expected benefit payments are as follows:
*Reflects payments under the Maritrans Plan. If this plan is terminated in 2009, such payments will likely be made in 2009. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is based on the current and expected asset allocations. Additionally, the long-term rate of return is based on historical returns, investment strategy, inflation expectations and other economic factors. The expected long-term rate of return is then applied to the market value of plan assets.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
The Company's pension plan weighted-average asset allocations at December 31, 2008 and 2007 by asset category, follow:
The Maritrans Plan utilizes a strategic asset allocation investment strategy that maintains a targeted allocation of 65% equity and 35% fixed income. The allocation is rebalanced periodically after considering anticipated benefit payments.
The Company did not make a material contribution to the Maritrans Plan for the 2007 plan year. The Company contributed $683,000 to the Maritrans Plan for the 2008 plan year. The Company expects that its required contribution in 2009 to the Maritrans Plan will be approximately $1,800,000.
The Company also has a 401(k) employee savings plan covering all eligible employees. Contributions are limited to amounts allowable for income tax purposes. Commencing in 2006, employer contributions include both employer contributions made regardless of employee contributions and matching contributions to the plan. All contributions to the plan are at the discretion of the Company.
Certain subsidiaries make contributions to jointly managed (Company and union) multi-employer pension plans covering seagoing personnel. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 requires employers who are contributors to U.S. multi-employer plans to continue funding their allocable share of each plan's unfunded vested benefits in the event of withdrawal from or termination of such plans. The Company has been advised by the trustees of such plans that it has no withdrawal liability as of December 31, 2008. Certain other seagoing personnel of U.S. Flag vessels are covered under a defined contribution plan, the cost of which is funded as accrued. The costs of these plans were not material during the three years ended December 31, 2008.
NOTE Q-OTHER INCOME/(EXPENSE):
Other income consists of:
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities were $7,342,000 (2008) and $543,675,000 (2006). Gross realized gains on such sales that were included in income before federal income taxes in each of the respective periods were $144,000 (2008) and $42,497,000 (2006). Gross realized losses on such sales were $1,428,000 (2008) and $6,769,000 (2006).
2008 Annual Report
NOTE R-AGREEMENTS WITH EXECUTIVE OFFICERS:
The Company entered into an agreement effective February 1, 2009 in connection with the resignation of one of its senior officers. The agreement provides for payments aggregating approximately $1,200,000 to be made to such senior officer in accordance with the Company's amended and restated Severance Protection Plan, which was effective December 31, 2008. Accordingly, the Company will recognize this expense in the first quarter of 2009.
On February 15, 2007, OSG and its chief executive officer entered into two letter agreements. One letter agreement amended the employment letter agreement dated as of January 19, 2004, to extend the time period from January 19, 2007 to January 19, 2012 for certain protection in the event of termination of employment without cause or for good reason. The other agreement amended the change of control agreement dated as of January 19, 2004, to extend its term to end on the earliest to occur of three events, one of which is a fixed date, which the letter agreement extended from January 19, 2007 to January 19, 2012.
The Company entered into an agreement dated September 24, 2006 with one of its senior officers that was effective upon the commencement of his employment in November 2006. The agreement provided, among other matters, for the grant of options and restricted stock with an aggregate value of $500,000.
NOTE S-RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:
Effective April 1, 2008, OSG entered into time charter agreements with a subsidiary, OSG America L.P. for the charter-out of the Liberty/M 300 and the OSG Constitution/OSG 400, two ATBs currently working in the U.S. Flag lightering business, at fixed daily rates. The agreement assigns the charter contracts on these two ATBs to OSG America L.P. The terms of each of the charters end simultaneously with the completion of each unit's lightering service, which was in December 2008 for the Liberty/M300 and is expected to occur in 2009 for the OSG Constitution/OSG 400. On October 10, 2008, OSG converted the time charter agreement on the OSG Constitution/OSG 400 to a bareboat charter agreement. In addition, also effective April 1, 2008, the Company entered into time charter agreements with OSG America L.P. to charter-in five vessels, three of which were employed by OSG America L.P. in the spot market (two ATBs, the OSG Columbia/OSG 242 and the OSG Independence/OSG 243, and one Product Carrier, the Overseas New Orleans) and two Product Carriers (the Overseas Philadelphia and Overseas Puget Sound) upon the completion of their current time charters in 2009. All five of these charter-in agreements are at fixed daily rates for terms commencing either on April 1, 2008 or upon the expiry of such vessel's then current charter and ending on or about December 31, 2009. Management believes that the fixed daily rates in the above charter-in agreements are at rates that approximate market rates.
NOTE T-SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NONCASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
In May 2008, the Company and its joint venture partner entered into an agreement terminating a joint venture that was constructing two VLCCs.
In October 2008, Euronav NV sold the TI Asia to a joint venture between the Company and Euronav NV in exchange for cash and advances aggregating $150,000,000. The Company's share of such advances will be settled through its sale of the TI Africa to the joint venture in the first quarter of 2009.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
NOTE U-2008 AND 2007 QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED):
The results for the quarter ended December 31, 2008, include $113,865,000 in write-downs for four ATBs under construction and two older U.S. Flag vessels that were held for sale at year end and a $62,874,000 impairment charge related to goodwill in the U.S. segment.
NOTE V-LEGAL MATTERS:
On December 19, 2006, the Company and the U.S. Department of Justice reached a comprehensive settlement regarding violations concerning the Company's handling of waste oils and maintenance of books and records relating thereto stemming from an investigation that began in 2003. Under the settlement, the Company agreed to plead guilty to a total of 33 counts, one of which concerned the improper discharge of oil in 2002 and the remainder of which concerned record-keeping violations, including making false statements, obstruction and conspiracy related to such record-keeping violations. The settlement also provided that the Company pay a fine in the amount of $27.8 million and pay $9.2 million to designated environmental community service programs, all of which was paid in 2007, and agree to an environmental compliance program, which commenced during the third quarter of 2007 and is substantially the same as the Company's existing environmental management programs.
The Company incurred costs of approximately $3,023,000 in 2007 and $10,145,000 in 2006 in connection with these investigations. Such costs have been included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
2008 Annual Report
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, cash flows, and changes in stockholders' equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc. and subsidiaries at December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 26, 2009, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
New York, New York
February 26, 2009
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
We have audited Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.'s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the COSO criteria.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, cash flows, and changes in stockholders' equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 of Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc. and our report dated February 26, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
New York, New York
February 26, 2009
2008 Annual Report
MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROLS
OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
To the Stockholders
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
In accordance with Rule 13a-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the management of Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") is responsible for the establishment and maintenance of adequate internal controls over financial reporting for the Company. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company's system of internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Management has performed an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 based on the provisions of Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). Based on our assessment, management determined that the Company's internal controls over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2008 based on the criteria in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
Ernst & Young LLP, the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, who audited the financial statements included in the Annual Report, has audited and reported on management's assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 as stated in their report which appears elsewhere in this Annual Report.
February 26,
OVERSEAS SHIPHOLDING GROUP, INC.
By:
/s/ MORTEN ARNTZEN Morten Arntzen
President,
Chief Executive Officer
By:
/s/ MYLES R. ITKIN Myles R. Itkin
Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a)Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). Based on that evaluation, the Company's management, including the CEO and CFO, concluded that the Company's current disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There have been no material changes in the Company's internal controls or in other factors that could materially affect these controls during the period covered by this Annual Report.
(b)Management's report on internal controls over financial reporting. Management's report on internal controls over financial reporting, which appears elsewhere in this Annual Report, is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
2008 Annual Report
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
See Item 14 below. Information with respect to executive officers of the Company is included at the end of Part I. The Company has adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of its directors, officers (including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller and any person performing similar functions) and employees. The Company makes its code of ethics available free of charge through its internet website, www.osg.com.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
See Item 14 below.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2008 with respect to the Company's equity (stock) compensation plans, all of which have been approved by the Company's shareholders:
*Consists of 536,794 shares eligible to be granted under the Company's 2004 stock incentive plan and 67,908 shares eligible to be purchased pursuant to the Company's 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. See also Item 14 below.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
See Item 14 below.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Except for the table in Item 12 above, the information called for under Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 is incorporated by reference from the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed by the Company in connection with its 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1)
The following consolidated financial statements of the Company are filed in response to Item 8.
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2008 and 2007.
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2006 and 2005.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Controls.
(a)(2)
Schedules of the Company have been omitted since they are not applicable or are not required.
(a)(3)
The following exhibits are included in response to Item 15(c):
3(i)
Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant, as amended to date (filed as Exhibit 3(i) to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for quarter ended June 30, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
3(ii)
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 12, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
4(a)(1)
Form of Indenture dated as of December 1, 1993 between the registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank (National Association) providing for the issuance of debt securities by the registrant from time to time (filed as Exhibit 4(b)(1) to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
4(a)(2)
Resolutions dated December 2, 1993 fixing the terms of two series of debt securities issued by the registrant under the Indenture (filed as Exhibit 4(b)(2) to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
4(a)(3)
Form of 83/4% Debentures due December 1, 2013 of the registrant (filed as Exhibit 4(b)(3) to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
4(b)(1)
Indenture dated as of March 7, 2003 between the registrant and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee, providing for the issuance of debt securities of the registrant from time to time (filed as Exhibit 4(e)(1) to the registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed May 5, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). Such Indenture is hereby modified, effective as of January 13, 2004, by deleting all references therein to "Wilmington Trust Company", "March 7, 2003" and any specific day, month and/or year and substituting therefore blank spaces.
4(b)(2)
Form of Debt Security of the registrant (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed January 13, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
4(c)(1)
Credit Agreement dated as February 9, 2006, among the registrant, OSG Bulk Ships, Inc., OSG International, Inc., various lenders, DnB NOR Bank ASA, New York Branch ("DnB"), as administrative agent, HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. ("HSBC"), as documentation agent, Citigroup Global Markets Limited ("Citigroup") and Nordea Bank Finland, Plc, New York branch ("Nordea"), as bookrunners, and Citigroup, DnB, HSBC and Nordea as lead arrangers (filed as Exhibit 4(e)(6) to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2005 and incorporated herein by reference).
2008 Annual Report
4(c)(2)
Second Pooled Assignment and Amendment dated as of May 10, 2006 (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 10, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
NOTE: The Exhibits filed herewith do not include other instruments authorizing long-term debt of the registrant and its subsidiaries, where the amounts authorized thereunder do not exceed 10% of total assets of the registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The registrant agrees to furnish a copy of each such instrument to the Commission upon request.
10(i)(a)
Exchange Agreement dated December 9, 1969 (including exhibits thereto) between the registrant and various parties relating to the formation of the registrant (the form of which was filed as Exhibit 2(3) to Registration Statement No. 2-34124 and incorporated herein by reference).
10(i)(b)
Form of Additional Exchange Agreement referred to in Section 2.02 of Exhibit 10(i)(a) hereto (filed as Exhibit 2(4) to Registration Statement No. 2-34124 and incorporated herein by reference).
10(i)(c)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Overseas Ann dated October 6, 2005 between DHT Ann VLCC Corp. and Ann Tanker Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.1 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(d)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Overseas Chris dated October 6, 2005 between DHT Chris VLCC Corp. and Chris Tanker Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.2 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference, as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(e)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Regal Unity dated October 6, 2005 between DHT Regal Unity VLCC Corp. and Regal Unity Tanker Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.3 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(f)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Overseas Cathy dated October 6, 2005 between DHT Cathy Aframax Corp. and Cathy Tanker Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.4 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(g)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Overseas Sophie dated October 6, 2005 between DHT Sophie Aframax Corp. and Sophie Tanker Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.5 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(h)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Rebecca dated October 6, 2005 between Rebecca Aframax Corp. and Rebecca Tanker Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.6 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(i)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Ania dated October 6, 2005 between DHT Ania Aframax Corp. and Ania Aframax Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.7 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(j)
Charter Framework Agreement dated October 6, 2005 between Double Hull Tankers, Inc., OSG International, Inc. and each of the Owners and Charterers named therein (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(a)**
Supplemental Executive Savings Plan of the registrant dated as of December 22, 2005, as amended by Amendment One effective as of January 1, 2006.
*10(iii)(b)
1998 Stock Option Plan adopted for employees of the registrant and its affiliates (filed as Exhibit 10 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference).
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
*10(iii)(c)
Amendment to the 1998 Stock Option Plan adopted for employees of the registrant and its affiliates (filed as Exhibit 10 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(d)
1999 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan of the registrant (filed as Exhibit 10(e)(4) to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 1998 and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated May 31, 2004 (filed as Exhibit 10 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(e)
Agreement dated January 19, 2004 with an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10(iii)(v) to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2003 and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by (i) a letter agreement dated February 15, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference), (ii) a letter agreement dated February 15, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference) and (iii) a letter agreement dated December 31, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(f)
Amended and Restated Change of Control Agreement dated as of December 31, 2008 with an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(g)
Form of Director and Officer Indemnity Agreement for the directors and officers of the registrant (filed as Exhibit 10 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(h)
2004 Stock Incentive Plan of the registrant as amended and restated as of June 10, 2008 (filed with the SEC on April 29, 2008 as Appendix A to the registrant's Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. One dated December 30, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(i)
Form of Amended and Restated Change of Control Protection Agreement dated as of December 31, 2008 with each of three executive officers (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(j)**
Form of Amended and Restated Change of Control Agreement dated as of December 31, 2008 with an executive officer.
*10(iii)(k)
Severance Protection Plan of the registrant effective January 1, 2006 as amended and restated as of December 31, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(l)
Notice of Eligibility effective as of January 27, 2006 in favor of an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 27, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(m)
Notice of Eligibility effective as of January 27, 2006 in favor of an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 27, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(n)
Notice of Eligibility effective as of January 30, 2006 in favor of an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10(iii)(x) to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(o)**
Notice of eligibility effective as of December 31, 2008 in favor of an executive officer.
*10(iii)(p)
Form of Restricted Stock Award (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 17, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
2008 Annual Report
*10(iii)(q)
Form of Qualified Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 17, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(r)
Form of Performance Award (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 17, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(s)
Restricted Stock Award dated as of February 15, 2007 between registrant and an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(t)
Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement dated as of February 15, 2007 between registrant and an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(u)
Restricted Stock Unit Award dated as of February 15, 2007 between registrant and an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by a letter agreement dated December 31, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(v)
Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement dated as of February 15, 2007 between registrant and an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(w)
Form of Restricted Stock Unit (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 5, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(x)
Agreement dated June 29, 2005 with an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 6, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(y)
Agreement dated September 26, 2006 with an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10(iii)(z) to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(z)**
Enhanced Severance Plan for Employees Level 21-23 effective as of January 1, 2009.
*10(iii)(aa)
Executive Performance Incentive Plan dated June 1, 2004 (filed with the SEC on April 28, 2004 as Appendix B to the registrant's Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated as of June 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 99 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 10, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
**21
List of subsidiaries of the registrant.
**23
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm of the registrant.
**31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as amended.
**31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as amended.
**32
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(1)The Exhibits marked with one asterisk (*) are a management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit.
(2)The Exhibits which have not previously been filed or listed are marked with two asterisks (**).
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: February 27, 2009
OVERSEAS SHIPHOLDING GROUP, INC.
By:
/s/ MYLES R. ITKIN Myles R. Itkin
Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Each of such persons appoints Morten Arntzen and Myles R. Itkin, and each of them, as his agents and attorneys-in-fact, in his name, place and stead in all capacities, to sign and file with the SEC any amendments to this report and any exhibits and other documents in connection therewith, hereby ratifying and confirming all that such attorneys-in-fact or either of them may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue of this power of attorney.
Name
Date
/s/ MORTEN ARNTZEN Morten Arntzen, Principal
Executive Officer and Director
February 27, 2009
/s/ MYLES R. ITKIN Myles R. Itkin, Principal
Financial Officer and
Principal Accounting Officer
February 27, 2009
/s/ G. ALLEN ANDREAS, III G. Allen Andreas, III, Director
February 27, 2009
/s/ ALAN R. BATKIN Alan R. Batkin, Director
February 27, 2009
/s/ THOMAS B. COLEMAN Thomas B. Coleman, Director
February 27, 2009
/s/ CHARLES A. FRIBOURG Charles A. Fribourg, Director
February 27, 2009
2008 Annual Report
Name
Date
/s/ STANLEY KOMAROFF Stanley Komaroff, Director
February 27, 2009
/s/ SOLOMON N. MERKIN Solomon N. Merkin, Director
February 27, 2009
/s/ JOEL I. PICKET Joel I. Picket, Director
February 27, 2009
/s/ ARIEL RECANATI Ariel Recanati, Director
February 27, 2009
/s/ OUDI RECANATI Oudi Recanati, Director
February 27, 2009
/s/ THOMAS F. ROBARDS Thomas F. Robards, Director
February 27, 2009
/s/ JEAN-PAUL VETTIER Jean-paul vettier, Director
February 27, 2009
/s/ MICHAEL J. ZIMMERMAN Michael J. Zimmerman, Director
February 27, 2009
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
EXHIBIT INDEX
(a)(1)
The following consolidated financial statements of the Company are filed in response to Item 8.
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2008 and 2007.
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2006 and 2005.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Controls.
(a)(2)
Schedules of the Company have been omitted since they are not applicable or are not required.
(a)(3)
The following exhibits are included in response to Item 15(c):
3(i)
Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant, as amended to date (filed as Exhibit 3(i) to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for quarter ended June 30, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
3(ii)
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 12, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
4(a)(1)
Form of Indenture dated as of December 1, 1993 between the registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank (National Association) providing for the issuance of debt securities by the registrant from time to time (filed as Exhibit 4(b)(1) to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
4(a)(2)
Resolutions dated December 2, 1993 fixing the terms of two series of debt securities issued by the registrant under the Indenture (filed as Exhibit 4(b)(2) to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
4(a)(3)
Form of 83/4% Debentures due December 1, 2013 of the registrant (filed as Exhibit 4(b)(3) to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
4(b)(1)
Indenture dated as of March 7, 2003 between the registrant and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee, providing for the issuance of debt securities of the registrant from time to time (filed as Exhibit 4(e)(1) to the registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed May 5, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference). Such Indenture is hereby modified, effective as of January 13, 2004, by deleting all references therein to "Wilmington Trust Company", "March 7, 2003" and any specific day, month and/or year and substituting therefore blank spaces.
4(b)(2)
Form of Debt Security of the registrant (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed January 13, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
4(c)(1)
Credit Agreement dated as February 9, 2006, among the registrant, OSG Bulk Ships, Inc., OSG International, Inc., various lenders, DnB NOR Bank ASA, New York Branch ("DnB"), as administrative agent, HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. ("HSBC"), as documentation agent, Citigroup Global Markets Limited ("Citigroup") and Nordea Bank Finland, Plc, New York branch ("Nordea"), as bookrunners, and Citigroup, DnB, HSBC and Nordea as lead arrangers (filed as Exhibit 4(e)(6) to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2005 and incorporated herein by reference).
2008 Annual Report
4(c)(2)
Second Pooled Assignment and Amendment dated as of May 10, 2006 (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 10, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
NOTE: The Exhibits filed herewith do not include other instruments authorizing long-term debt of the registrant and its subsidiaries, where the amounts authorized thereunder do not exceed 10% of total assets of the registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The registrant agrees to furnish a copy of each such instrument to the Commission upon request.
10(i)(a)
Exchange Agreement dated December 9, 1969 (including exhibits thereto) between the registrant and various parties relating to the formation of the registrant (the form of which was filed as Exhibit 2(3) to Registration Statement No. 2-34124 and incorporated herein by reference).
10(i)(b)
Form of Additional Exchange Agreement referred to in Section 2.02 of Exhibit 10(i)(a) hereto (filed as Exhibit 2(4) to Registration Statement No. 2-34124 and incorporated herein by reference).
10(i)(c)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Overseas Ann dated October 6, 2005 between DHT Ann VLCC Corp. and Ann Tanker Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.1 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(d)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Overseas Chris dated October 6, 2005 between DHT Chris VLCC Corp. and Chris Tanker Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.2 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference, as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(e)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Regal Unity dated October 6, 2005 between DHT Regal Unity VLCC Corp. and Regal Unity Tanker Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.3 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(f)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Overseas Cathy dated October 6, 2005 between DHT Cathy Aframax Corp. and Cathy Tanker Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.4 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(g)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Overseas Sophie dated October 6, 2005 between DHT Sophie Aframax Corp. and Sophie Tanker Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.5 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(h)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Rebecca dated October 6, 2005 between Rebecca Aframax Corp. and Rebecca Tanker Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.6 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(i)**
Time Charter Party relating to the Ania dated October 6, 2005 between DHT Ania Aframax Corp. and Ania Aframax Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.3.7 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated January 15, 2009.
10(i)(j)
Charter Framework Agreement dated October 6, 2005 between Double Hull Tankers, Inc., OSG International, Inc. and each of the Owners and Charterers named therein (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Double Hull Tankers, Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form (Registration No. 333-128460) and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(a)**
Supplemental Executive Savings Plan of the registrant dated as of December 22, 2005, as amended by Amendment One effective as of January 1, 2006.
*10(iii)(b)
1998 Stock Option Plan adopted for employees of the registrant and its affiliates (filed as Exhibit 10 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference).
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
*10(iii)(c)
Amendment to the 1998 Stock Option Plan adopted for employees of the registrant and its affiliates (filed as Exhibit 10 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(d)
1999 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan of the registrant (filed as Exhibit 10(e)(4) to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 1998 and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated May 31, 2004 (filed as Exhibit 10 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(e)
Agreement dated January 19, 2004 with an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10(iii)(v) to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2003 and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by (i) a letter agreement dated February 15, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference), (ii) a letter agreement dated February 15, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference) and (iii) a letter agreement dated December 31, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(f)
Amended and Restated Change of Control Agreement dated as of December 31, 2008 with an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(g)
Form of Director and Officer Indemnity Agreement for the directors and officers of the registrant (filed as Exhibit 10 to the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(h)
2004 Stock Incentive Plan of the registrant as amended and restated as of June 10, 2008 (filed with the SEC on April 29, 2008 as Appendix A to the registrant's Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. One dated December 30, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(i)
Form of Amended and Restated Change of Control Protection Agreement dated as of December 31, 2008 with each of three executive officers (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(j)**
Form of Amended and Restated Change of Control Agreement dated as of December 31, 2008 with an executive officer.
*10(iii)(k)
Severance Protection Plan of the registrant effective January 1, 2006 as amended and restated as of December 31, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(l)
Notice of Eligibility effective as of January 27, 2006 in favor of an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 27, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(m)
Notice of Eligibility effective as of January 27, 2006 in favor of an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 27, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(n)
Notice of Eligibility effective as of January 30, 2006 in favor of an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10(iii)(x) to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(o)**
Notice of eligibility effective as of December 31, 2008 in favor of an executive officer.
*10(iii)(p)
Form of Restricted Stock Award (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 17, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
2008 Annual Report
*10(iii)(q)
Form of Qualified Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 17, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(r)
Form of Performance Award (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 17, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(s)
Restricted Stock Award dated as of February 15, 2007 between registrant and an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(t)
Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement dated as of February 15, 2007 between registrant and an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(u)
Restricted Stock Unit Award dated as of February 15, 2007 between registrant and an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by a letter agreement dated December 31, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 31, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(v)
Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement dated as of February 15, 2007 between registrant and an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 15, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(w)
Form of Restricted Stock Unit (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 5, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(x)
Agreement dated June 29, 2005 with an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 6, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(y)
Agreement dated September 26, 2006 with an executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10(iii)(z) to the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
*10(iii)(z)**
Enhanced Severance Plan for Employees Level 21-23 effective as of January 1, 2009.
*10(iii)(aa)
Executive Performance Incentive Plan dated June 1, 2004 (filed with the SEC on April 28, 2004 as Appendix B to the registrant's Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference), as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated as of June 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 99 to the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 10, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
**21
List of subsidiaries of the registrant.
**23
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm of the registrant.
**31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as amended.
**31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as amended.
**32
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(1)The Exhibits marked with one asterisk (*) are a management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit.
(2)The Exhibits which have not previously been filed or listed are marked with two asterisks (**).
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
STOCKHOLDER RETURN PERFORMANCE PRESENTATION
STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH COMPARISON OF FIVE YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN* THE COMPANY, S&P 500 INDEX, PEER GROUP INDEX
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
ITEM 7A.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 8.
ITEM 8.
OVERSEAS SHIPHOLDING GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AT DECEMBER 31 DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
OVERSEAS SHIPHOLDING GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS
OVERSEAS SHIPHOLDING GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
OVERSEAS SHIPHOLDING GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS
Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
ITEM 9.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
ITEM 9A.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9B.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
PART III
ITEM 10.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 11.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 12.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
ITEM 13.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
ITEM 14.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
PART IV
ITEM 15.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
SIGNATURES