ITEM 1. BUSINESS
RBC Bearings Incorporated
RBC Bearings Incorporated, together with its subsidiaries, is an international manufacturer and marketer of highly engineered precision bearings and products, which are integral to the manufacture and operation of most machines, aircraft and mechanical systems, to reduce wear to moving parts, facilitate proper power transmission, reduce damage and energy loss caused by friction, and control pressure and flow. The terms “we”, “us”, “our”, “RBC” and the “Company” mean RBC Bearings Incorporated and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates another meaning. While we manufacture products in all major categories, we focus primarily on highly technical or regulated bearing products and engineered products for specialized markets that require sophisticated design, testing and manufacturing capabilities. We believe our unique expertise has enabled us to garner leading positions in many of the product markets in which we primarily compete. Over the past several years, we have broadened our end markets, products, customer base and geographic reach. We currently have 42 facilities in 7 countries, of which 33 are manufacturing facilities.
The Bearing and Engineered Products Industry
The bearing and engineered products industry is a fragmented multi-billion dollar market. Purchasers of bearings and engineered products include producers of commercial and military aircraft, submarine and vehicle equipment, oil and gas equipment, machinery manufacturers, industrial equipment and machinery manufacturers, construction machinery manufacturers, rail and train equipment manufacturers, and mining and specialized equipment manufacturers.
Demand for bearings and precision components in the diversified industrial market is influenced by growth factors in industrial machinery and equipment shipments, and construction, mining, energy and general industrial activity. In addition, usage of existing machinery will impact aftermarket demand for replacement products. In the aerospace market, new aircraft build rates along with carrier traffic volume worldwide determines demand for our solutions. Lastly, activity in the defense market is being influenced by modernization programs necessitating spending on new equipment, as well as continued utilization of deployed equipment supporting aftermarket demand for replacement bearings and engineered products.
Customers and Markets
We serve a broad range of end markets where we can add value with our specialty precision bearings and engineered products, components, and applications. We classify our customers into two principal categories: industrial and aerospace. These principal end markets utilize a large number of both commercial and specialized bearings and engineered products. Although we provide a relatively small percentage of total bearing and engineered products supplied to each of our principal markets, we believe we have leading market positions in many of the specialized product markets in which we primarily compete. Financial information regarding geographic areas is set forth in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” Note 19 - “Reportable Segments” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Industrial Market (35% of net sales for the fiscal year ended March 28, 2020)
We manufacture bearings and engineered products for a wide range of diversified industrial markets, including construction and mining, oil and natural resource extraction, heavy truck, marine, rail and train, packaging, semiconductor machinery, and the general industrial markets. Our products target market applications in which our engineering and manufacturing capabilities provide us with a competitive advantage in the marketplace.
Our largest industrial customers include Caterpillar, Newport News Shipbuilding, Komatsu and various aftermarket distributors including Applied Industrial, BDI, Kaman, McMaster Carr, and Motion Industries. We believe that the diversification of our sales among the various segments of the industrial market reduces our exposure to downturns in any individual segment. We believe opportunities exist for growth and margin improvement in this market as a result of the introduction of new products, the expansion of aftermarket sales, and continued manufacturing process improvements.
Aerospace Market (65% of net sales for the fiscal year ended March 28, 2020)
We supply bearings and engineered products for use in commercial, private and military aircraft and aircraft engines, guided weaponry, and vision and optical systems. We supply precision products for many of the commercial aircraft currently operating worldwide and are the primary bearing supplier for many of the aircraft OEMs’ product lines. Commercial aerospace customers generally require precision products, often of special materials, made to unique designs and specifications. Many of our aerospace bearings and engineered component products are designed and certified during the original development of the aircraft being served, which often makes us the primary bearing supplier for the life of that aircraft.
We manufacture bearings and engineered products used by the U.S. Department of Defense (the “DOD”) and certain foreign governments for use in fighter jets, troop transports, naval vessels, helicopters, gas turbine engines, armored vehicles, guided weaponry, spaceflight and satellites. We manufacture an extensive line of standard products that conform to many domestic military application requirements, as well as customized products designed for unique applications. Our bearings and engineered products are manufactured to conform to U.S. military specifications and are typically custom-designed during the original product design phase, which often makes us the sole or primary supplier for the life of that product. Product approval for use on military equipment is often a lengthy process ranging from six months to six years.
Our largest aerospace customers include the Department of Defense, Airbus, Boeing, Precision Castparts, Lockheed Martin, Safran, Raytheon Technologies Corp and various aftermarket distributors including National Precision Bearing, Jamaica Bearings, Wencor, and Wesco Aircraft. We believe our strong relationships with OEMs help drive our aftermarket sales since a portion of OEM sales are ultimately intended for use as replacement parts. We believe that growth and margin expansion in this market will be driven primarily by expanding our international presence, new commercial aircraft introductions, new products, and the refurbishment and maintenance of existing commercial and military aircraft.
In fiscal 2020, 4.8% of our net sales were made directly, and we estimate that approximately an additional 18.9% of our net sales were made indirectly, to the U.S. government. The contracts or subcontracts for these sales may be subject to renegotiation of profit or termination at the election of the government. Based on experience, we believe that no material renegotiations or refunds will be required. See Part I, Item 1A.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Cautionary Statement As To Forward-Looking Information
This report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of federal and state securities laws, including: projections of earnings, cash flows, revenue or other financial items; statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; statements concerning proposed new services or developments; statements regarding future economic conditions or performance or future growth rates in the markets we serve; statements regarding future raw material costs or supply; statements of belief; and statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Forward-looking statements may include the words “may”, “could”, “estimate”, “intend”, “plan”, “continue”, “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate” or other comparable terminology, or the negative of such terms.
Although we believe that the expectations and assumptions reflected in any of our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in any of our forward-looking statements. Our future financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to change and to inherent risks and uncertainties, such as those disclosed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Factors that could cause our actual results, performance and achievements or industry results to differ materially from estimates or projections contained in forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
●Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic;
●Weaknesses or cyclicality in any of the industries in which our customers operate;
●Changes in marketing, product pricing and sales strategies, or development of new products by us or our competitors;
●Future reductions in U.S. governmental spending or changes in governmental programs, particularly military equipment procurement programs;
●Conditions that adversely affect the business of any of our significant customers;
●Our ability to obtain and retain product approvals;
●Supply and costs of raw materials (particularly steel) and energy resources, the imposition of import tariffs, and our ability to pass through these costs on a timely basis;
●Our ability to acquire and integrate complementary businesses;
●Unanticipated liabilities of acquired businesses;
●Unexpected equipment failures, catastrophic events, or capacity constraints;
●The costs of defending, or the results of, new litigation;
●Our ability to attract and retain our management team and other highly skilled personnel;
●Increases in interest rates;
●Work stoppages and other labor problems affecting us or our customers or suppliers;
●Limitations on our ability to expand our business;
●Changes in trade agreements or treaties and the imposition of tariffs on our goods exported to other countries;
●Regulatory changes or developments in the U.S. or in foreign countries where we produce or sell products;
●Developments or disputes concerning patents or other proprietary rights;
●Changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretation or principles;
●Risks associated with utilizing information technology systems;
●Risks associated with operating internationally, including currency translation risks;
●The operating and stock performance of comparable companies;
●Investors’ perceptions of us and our industry;
●General economic, geopolitical, industry and market conditions;
●Changes in tax requirements, including tax rate changes and new tax laws;
●Health care reform; and
●Other risks and uncertainties including but not limited to those described from time to time in our current and quarterly reports filed with the SEC.
Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements are set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K under Part I, Item 1. “Business,” Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” All forward-looking statements contained in this report and any subsequently filed reports are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements.
We have no duty to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this report to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations. You are advised, however, to review any disclosures we make on related subjects in our future periodic filings with the SEC.
Risk Factors Relating to Our Company
Our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition could be materially adversely affected by any of the following risks. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you could lose all or part of your investment. You should carefully consider these risks before investing in shares of our common stock.
The bearing and engineered products industries are highly competitive, and competition could reduce our profitability or limit our ability to grow.
The global bearing and engineered products industries are highly competitive, and we compete with many U.S. and non-U.S. companies, some of which benefit from lower labor costs and fewer regulatory burdens than us. We compete primarily based on product qualifications, product line breadth, service and price. Certain competitors may be better able to manage costs than us or may have greater financial resources than we have. Due to the competitiveness in the bearing and engineered products industries we may not be able to increase prices for our products to cover increases in our costs, and we may face pressure to reduce prices, which could materially reduce our revenues, cash flows and profitability. Competitive factors, including changes in market penetration, increased price competition and the introduction of new products and technology by existing and new competitors, could result in a material reduction in our revenues, cash flows and profitability.
The loss of a major customer, or a material adverse change in a major customer’s business or purposes, could result in a material reduction in our revenues, cash flows and profitability.
Our top ten customers generated approximately 34%, 35% and 36% of our net sales during fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Accordingly, the loss of one or more of those customers or a substantial decrease in those customers’ purchases from us could result in a material reduction in our revenues, cash flows and profitability. If one of our major customers were to experience an adverse change in its business, that customer could reduce its purchases from us.
In addition, the consolidation and combination of defense or other manufacturers could eliminate customers from the industry and/or put downward pricing pressures on sales of component parts. For example, the consolidation that has occurred in the defense industry in recent years has significantly reduced the overall number of defense contractors in the industry. In addition, if one of our customers is acquired or merged with another entity, the new entity may discontinue using us as a supplier because of an existing business relationship between one of our competitors and the acquiring company, or because it may be more efficient to consolidate certain suppliers within the newly formed enterprise. The significance of the impact that such consolidation could have on our business is difficult to predict because we do not know when or if one or more of our customers will engage in merger or acquisition activity. However, if such activity involved our material customers it could materially impact our revenues, cash flows and profitability.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 we began to see the suspension or cancellation of orders for product used in the airframe and engines of the Boeing 737 MAX due to the 737 MAX production shutdown. While we expect to fill most of these orders in the future, no assurance can be given that will in fact be the case, and the timing is uncertain.
Our results are likely to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The public health issues resulting from COVID-19 and the precautionary measures instituted by governments and businesses to mitigate its spread have caused, and are expected to continue to cause, world-wide business disruption, plant closures, inventory shortages, delivery delays, supply chain disruptions, and order cancellations and deferrals. As a result, the pandemic is likely to have an adverse affect on our financial results and business operations throughout fiscal 2021 and perhaps beyond that, although the severity and duration depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and unpredictable.
Our ability to produce product would be adversely effected if, due to future governmental orders to shelter in place or COVID-19 outbreaks among the local workforce, it becomes necessary to close any of our operations or those of any of our critical suppliers. In addition, operations that remain open may be adversely affected by personnel shortages and the need to engage in social distancing, which could impair the operation’s efficiency.
Demand for our products would be effected if the pandemic leads to the closure of any operations of our significant customers. For example, Boeing’s temporary shut-down of its two primary production facilities in April led to the cancellation or deferral of various orders for our products that support Boeing production. In addition, demand for our commercial aerospace products is expected to be adversely effected by the very significant reduction in commercial air travel during the pandemic, which is not expected to return to pre-pandemic levels for some time.
Weakness in any of the industries in which our customers operate, as well as the cyclical nature of our customers’ businesses generally, could materially reduce our revenues, cash flows and profitability.
The commercial aerospace, mining and construction equipment and other diversified industrial industries to which we sell our products are, to varying degrees, cyclical and tend to decline in response to overall declines in industrial production. Margins in those industries are highly sensitive to demand cycles, and our customers (or our customers’ customers) in those industries historically have tended to delay large capital purchases and projects, including expensive maintenance and upgrades, during economic downturns. As a result, our business is also cyclical, and the demand for our products by these customers depends, in part, on overall levels of industrial production, general economic conditions, and business confidence levels. Many of our customers have historically experienced periodic downturns, which often have had a negative effect on demand for our products. Future downward economic cycles or customer downturns could reduce sales of our products resulting in reductions in our revenues, cash flows and profitability.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a very significant reduction in air travel, which could lead to various airlines going out of business and other airlines delaying or cancelling previously-scheduled aircraft purchases as they reassess their fleet needs and/or take advantage of opportunities to purchase aircraft that become available from the airlines that go out of business. If this proves to be true, the resulting reduction in new aircraft purchases could have an adverse effect on our sales of bearings and component parts.
Future reductions or changes in U.S. government spending could negatively affect our business.
In fiscal 2020, 4.8% of our net sales were made directly, and we estimate that approximately an additional 18.9% of our net sales were made indirectly, to the U.S. government to support military or other government projects. Our failure (or the failure of our customers that are prime contractors to the government) to obtain new government contracts, the cancellation of government contracts relating to our products, or reductions in federal budget appropriations for programs in which our products are used could materially reduce our revenues, cash flows and profitability. A reduction in federal budget appropriations relating to our products could result from a shift in government defense spending to other programs in which we are not involved or a reduction in U.S. government defense spending generally (due to budget reduction initiatives or a shift in government spending priorities).
The U.S. government continues to focus on developing and implementing spending, tax, and other initiatives to stimulate the economy, create jobs, and reduce the deficit. One of these initiatives, the Budget Control Act of 2011 (“BCA”), imposed greater constraints around government spending. In an attempt to balance decisions regarding defense, homeland security, and other federal spending priorities, the BCA immediately imposed spending caps that contain significant reductions to the DOD base budgets over a ten-year period ending in 2021. The BCA also provided for an automatic sequestration process that imposes additional cuts to the annual proposed DOD budgets continuing through 2021.
Although we cannot predict whether the automatic sequestration process will continue to proceed as set forth in the BCA or will be further modified by new or additional legislation, we believe our portfolio of programs and product offerings are well positioned and will not be materially impacted by such proposed DOD budget cuts. However, one or more of our programs could be reduced or terminated as a result of the U.S. Government’s continuing assessment of priorities, which could significantly impact our operations.
Fluctuating supply and costs of subcomponents, raw materials and energy resources, or the imposition of import tariffs, could materially reduce our revenues, cash flows and profitability.
Our business is dependent on the availability and costs of subcomponents, raw materials, particularly steel (generally in the form of stainless and chrome steel, which are commodity steel products), and energy resources. The availability and prices of subcomponents, raw materials and energy resources may be subject to change due to, among other things, new laws or regulations, suppliers’ allocations to other purchasers, interruptions in production by suppliers (including interruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic), and changes in exchange rates and supplier costs and profit expectations. The United States has imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports, and could impose tariffs on other items that we import, which could increase the cost of raw materials and decrease the available supply. Although we currently maintain alternative supply sources, our business is subject to the risk of price fluctuations and periodic delays in the delivery of certain subcomponents or raw materials. Disruptions in the supply of subcomponents, raw materials or energy resources could temporarily impair our ability to manufacture our products for our customers or require us to pay higher prices in order to obtain these items from other sources, which could thereby affect our net sales and profitability.
Where our customer contracts permit us to do so, we seek to pass through a significant portion of our additional costs to our customers through steel surcharges or price increases. However, many of our contracts are fixed-price contracts under which we are not able to pass these additional costs on to our customers. Even where we are able to pass these steel surcharges or price increases to our customers, there may be a lag of several months between the time we experience a cost increase and the time we are able to implement surcharges or price increases, particularly for orders already in our backlog. Competitive pressures and the terms of certain of our long-term contracts may require us to absorb at least part of these cost increases. As a result, our gross margin percentage could decline. We cannot provide assurances that we will be able to continue to pass these additional costs on to our customers at all or on a timely basis or that our customers will not seek alternative sources of supply if there are significant or prolonged increases in the price of subcomponents or other raw materials or energy resources.
Our results could be impacted by governmental trade policies and tariffs relating to our supplies imported from foreign vendors or our finished goods exported to other countries.
The Trump administration has altered the U.S. government’s international trade policies (including in some cases renegotiating or terminating existing trade agreements and treaties) and imposed tariffs on the importation of various products from other countries, some of which are used by us to produce our finished goods. In addition, certain foreign countries, including the People’s Republic of China, have imposed or are considering imposing tariffs on various U.S. goods exported to those countries. While this situation has not yet had a material adverse effect on our business, a further escalation of tariffs on our foreign-sourced supplies and/or the imposition of tariffs on our finished goods exported to other countries could more adversely impact our operating costs or demand for our products.
Our products are subject to certain approvals and government regulations and the loss of such approvals, or our failure to comply with such regulations, could materially reduce our revenues, cash flows and profitability.
Essential to servicing the aerospace market is the ability to obtain product approvals. We have a substantial number of product approvals, which enable us to provide products used in virtually all domestic aircraft platforms presently in production or operation. Product approvals are typically issued by the FAA to designated OEMs who are Production Approval Holders of FAA-approved aircraft. These Production Approval Holders provide quality control oversight and generally limit the number of suppliers directly servicing the commercial aerospace market. Regulations enacted by the FAA provide for an independent process (the PMA process) that enables suppliers who currently sell their products to the Production Approval Holders to also sell products to the aftermarket. Our foreign sales may be subject to similar approvals or U.S. export control restrictions. We cannot assure you that we will not lose approvals for our products in the future. The loss or suspension of product approvals could result in lost sales and materially reduce our revenues, cash flows and profitability.
The repair and overhaul of aircraft parts and accessories throughout the world is highly regulated by government agencies, including the FAA. Our repair and overhaul operations are subject to certification pursuant to regulations established by the FAA and foreign government agencies, which regulations vary from country to country, although compliance with FAA requirements generally satisfies regulatory requirements in other countries. Our failure to comply with these regulations, or our compliance with new and more stringent government regulations, if enacted, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our U.S. government business is subject to specific procurement regulations and other requirements that increase our performance and compliance costs. These costs might increase in the future, reducing our profitability. Although we have procedures designed to assure compliance with these regulations and requirements, failure to do so under certain circumstances could lead to suspension or debarment from future government contracting or subcontracting for a period of time, which would result in lost sales and reduce our revenues, cash flows and profitability and could adversely impact our reputation.
The retirement of commercial aircraft could reduce our revenues, cash flows and profitability.
We sell replacement parts used in the repair and overhaul of jet engine and aircraft components, as well as provide such repair and overhaul services ourselves. As aircraft or engines for which we offer replacement parts or repair and overhaul services are retired, demand for these parts and services could decline and could reduce our revenue, cash flows and profitability.
Work stoppages and other labor problems could materially reduce our ability to operate our business.
We currently have three collective bargaining agreements covering employees at our Plymouth, Indiana, Fairfield, Connecticut and West Trenton, New Jersey facilities, representing approximately 7.5% of our hourly employees as of March 28, 2020. While we believe our relations with our employees are satisfactory, the inability to satisfactorily negotiate and enter into new collective bargaining agreements upon expiration, or a lengthy strike or other work stoppage at any of our facilities, particularly at some of our larger facilities, could materially reduce our ability to operate our business. In addition, any attempt by our employees not currently represented by a union to join a union could result in additional expenses, including with respect to wages, benefits and pension obligations.
In addition, work stoppages at one or more of our customers or suppliers (including suppliers of transportation services), many of which have large unionized workforces, could also cause disruptions to our business that we cannot control, and these disruptions could materially reduce our revenues, cash flows and profitability.
Unexpected equipment failures, catastrophic events or capacity constraints could increase our costs and reduce our sales due to production curtailments or shutdowns.
Our manufacturing processes are dependent upon critical pieces of turning, milling, grinding, and electrical equipment, and this equipment could, on occasion, be out of service as a result of unanticipated failures. In addition to equipment failures, our facilities are also subject to the risk of catastrophic loss due to unanticipated events such as fires, explosions, earthquakes or violent weather conditions. In the future, we could experience material plant shutdowns or periods of reduced production as a result of these types of equipment failures or catastrophes. Interruptions in production capabilities will inevitably increase our production costs and reduce revenues, cash flows and profitability for the affected period.
Certain of our facilities are operating at a full first shift with second and third shifts at some locations, and additional demand may require additional shifts and/or capital investments at these facilities. We cannot assure you that we will be able to add additional shifts as needed in a timely manner and production constraints may result in lost sales. In certain markets we refrain from making additional capital investments to expand capacity if we believe expansion in the market is not sustainable or otherwise does not justify the capital investment. Our assumptions and forecasts regarding market conditions in these markets could be erroneous, resulting in lost earnings, potential sales going to competitors, and limitations on our growth.
We may not be able to continue to make the acquisitions necessary for us to realize our growth strategy.
The acquisition of businesses that complement or expand our operations has been and continues to be an important element of our business strategy. We frequently engage in evaluations of potential acquisitions and negotiations for possible acquisitions, some of which, if consummated, could be significant to us. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in identifying attractive acquisition candidates or completing acquisitions on favorable terms in the future. Our inability to acquire businesses, or to operate them profitably once acquired, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, cash flow and growth.
Our ability to realize anticipated benefits and synergies from our acquisitions could be affected by a number of factors, including: the need for greater than expected cash or other financial resources or management time in order to implement or integrate acquisitions; increases in other expenses related to an acquisition, including restructuring and other exit costs; the timing and impact of purchase accounting adjustments; difficulties in employee or management integration, including labor disruptions or disputes; and unanticipated liabilities associated with acquired businesses.
Any potential cost-saving opportunities may take several quarters following an acquisition to implement, and any results of these actions may not be realized for several quarters thereafter, if at all.
Businesses that we have acquired or that we may acquire in the future may have liabilities which are not known to us.
In certain cases, we have assumed liabilities of acquired businesses and may assume liabilities of businesses that we acquire in the future. There may be liabilities or risks that we are required to assume in order to complete an acquisition, or that we do not discover, or that we underestimate, in the course of performing our due diligence investigations of the acquired business. Additionally, businesses that we have acquired or may acquire in the future may have made previous acquisitions, and we could be subject to certain liabilities and risks relating to these prior acquisitions as well. We cannot assure you that our rights to indemnification contained in definitive acquisition agreements that we have entered or may enter into will be sufficient in amount, scope or duration to fully offset the risk of liabilities relating to acquired businesses. Any such liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. As we begin to operate acquired businesses, we may learn additional information about them that adversely affects us, such as unknown or contingent liabilities, issues relating to compliance with applicable laws, or issues related to ongoing supply chain or customer relationships or order demand.
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles comprise a significant portion of our total assets, and if we determine that goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles have become impaired in the future, our results of operations and financial condition in such years may be materially and adversely affected.
Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair market value of net assets acquired in business combinations. Indefinite-lived intangibles represent long-standing brands acquired in business combinations and assumed to have indefinite lives. We review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles at least annually for impairment and any excess in carrying value over the estimated fair value is charged to the results of operations. Our estimates of fair value are based on assumptions about the future operating cash flows, growth rates, discount rates applied to these cash flows, and current market estimates of value. If we are required to record a charge to earnings because of an impairment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangibles, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
We depend heavily on our senior management and other key personnel, the loss of whom could materially affect our financial performance and prospects.
Our business is managed by a number of key executive officers, including Dr. Michael J. Hartnett. Our future success will depend on, among other things, our ability to keep the services of these executives and to hire other highly qualified employees at all levels.
We compete with other potential employers for employees, and we may not be successful in hiring and retaining executives and other skilled employees that we need. Our ability to successfully execute our business strategy, market and develop our products, and serve our customers could be adversely affected by a shortage of available skilled employees or executives.
Our international operations are subject to risks inherent in such activities.
We have operations in Mexico, France, Switzerland, Poland, China and Germany. Of our 42 facilities, 12 are located outside the U.S., including 9 manufacturing facilities in 4 countries.
In fiscal 2020, 10% of our net sales were generated by our international operations. We expect that this proportion is likely to increase as we seek to increase our penetration of foreign markets, including through acquisitions, particularly within the aerospace and defense markets. Our foreign operations are subject to the risks inherent in such activities such as: currency devaluations, logistical and communication challenges, costs of complying with a variety of foreign laws and regulations, greater difficulties in protecting and maintaining our rights to intellectual property, difficulty in staffing and managing geographically diverse operations, acts of terrorism or war or other acts that may cause social disruption which are difficult to quantify or predict, and general economic conditions in these foreign markets. Our international operations may be negatively impacted by changes in government policies, such as changes in laws and regulations, restrictions on imports and exports, sources of supply, duties or tariffs, the introduction of measures to control inflation, and changes in the rate or method of taxation. To date we have not experienced significant difficulties with the foregoing risks associated with our international operations.
Currency translation risks may have a material impact on our results of operations.
Our Swiss operation utilizes the Swiss franc as the functional currency, our French and German operations utilize the euro as the functional currency and our Polish operation utilizes the Polish zloty as the functional currency. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in earnings. Foreign currency transaction exposure arises primarily from the transfer of foreign currency from one subsidiary to another within the group and to foreign currency denominated trade receivables. Unrealized currency translation gains and losses are recognized upon translation of the foreign operations’ balance sheets to U.S. dollars. Because our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars, changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies used by our international operations have had, and will continue to have, an impact on our earnings. We periodically enter into derivative financial instruments such as forward exchange contracts to reduce the effect of fluctuations in exchange rates on certain third-party sales transactions denominated in non-functional currencies. Currency fluctuations may affect our financial performance in the future and we cannot predict the impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on our results of operations. See Part II, Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk-Foreign Currency Exchange Rates” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We are subject to changes in legislative, regulatory and legal developments involving income and other taxes.
We are subject to U.S. federal, state and local, and international, income, payroll, property, sales and use, fuel, and other types of taxes. Changes in tax rates, enactment of new tax laws, revisions of tax regulations, and claims or litigation with taxing authorities could result in substantially higher taxes and, therefore, could have a significant adverse effect on our results or operations, financial conditions and liquidity. U.S. income tax and foreign withholding taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings for certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries because such earnings are intended to be indefinitely reinvested in the operations of those subsidiaries. Future legislation may substantially reduce our ability to defer U.S. taxes on profit permanently reinvested outside the United States. Additionally, they could have a negative impact on our ability to compete in the global marketplace.
We may be required to make significant future contributions to our pension plan.
As of March 28, 2020, we maintained one noncontributory defined benefit pension plan. The plan was overfunded by $1.1 million and $1.7 million as of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively, which are the amounts by which the accumulated benefit obligations are less than the sum of the fair market value of the plan’s assets. We are required to make cash contributions to our pension plan to the extent necessary to comply with minimum funding requirements imposed by employee benefit laws and tax laws. The amount of any such required contributions is determined based on annual actuarial valuation of the plan as performed by the plan’s actuaries. The amount of future contributions will depend upon asset returns, then-current discount rates and a number of other factors, and, as a result, the amount we may elect or be required to contribute to our pension plan in the future may increase significantly. Additionally, there is a risk that if the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (the “PBGC”) concludes that its risk with respect to our pension plan may increase unreasonably if the plan continues to operate, if we are unable to satisfy the minimum funding requirement for the plan, or if the plan becomes unable to pay benefits, then the PBGC could terminate the plan and take control of its assets. In such event, we may be required to make an immediate payment to the PBGC of all or a substantial portion of the underfunding as calculated by the PBGC based upon its own assumptions. The underfunding calculated by the PBGC could be substantially greater than the underfunding we have calculated because, for example, the PBGC may use a significantly lower discount rate. If such payment is not made, then the PBGC could place liens on a material portion of our assets and the assets of any members of our controlled group. Such action could result in a material increase in our pension-related expenses and a corresponding reduction in our cash flow and net income. For additional information concerning our pension plan and plan liabilities, see Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” Note 13 - “Pension Plan” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We may incur material losses for product liability and recall-related claims.
We are subject to a risk of product and recall-related liability in the event that the failure, use or misuse of any of our products results in personal injury, death or property damage or our products do not conform to our customers’ specifications. In particular, our products are installed in a number of types of vehicle fleets, including airplanes, trains, automobiles, heavy trucks and farm equipment, many of which are subject to government-ordered recalls as well as voluntary recalls by the manufacturer. If one of our products is found to be defective, causes a fleet to be disabled or otherwise results in a product recall, significant claims may be brought against us. We currently maintain insurance coverage for product liability claims but not for recall-related claims. We cannot assure you that product liability claims, if made, would be covered by our insurance or would not exceed our insurance coverage limits. Claims that are not covered by insurance, or that exceed insurance coverage limits, could result in material losses. Claims that are covered by insurance could result in increased future insurance costs.
Environmental and health and safety laws and regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations, and environmental compliance may be more costly than we expect.
We are subject to various laws and regulations governing discharges of pollutants into the air and water, the storage, handling and disposal of wastes, and the health and safety of employees. We are required to expend substantial amounts to comply with these laws and regulations, and our failure to comply with them could subject us to material costs and liabilities including civil and criminal fines and litigation costs. Among these laws and regulations is the Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act and corresponding state laws, under which we could be liable for the costs of investigation and clean-up of contamination at facilities currently or formerly owned or operated by us or at other facilities at which we have disposed of waste. In connection with such contamination, we may also be liable for natural resource damages, government penalties and claims by third parties for personal injury and property damage. Compliance with these laws and regulations may prove to be more limiting and costly than we anticipate. New laws and regulations, stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination or the imposition of new clean-up requirements could require us to incur costs or become the basis for new or increased liabilities that could cause a material increase in our environmental-related compliance costs and a corresponding reduction in our cash flow and net income. Investigation and remediation of contamination at some of our sites is ongoing. Actual costs to clean up these sites may exceed our current estimates.
Our intellectual property and proprietary information are valuable, and any inability to protect them could adversely affect our business and results of operations; in addition, we may be subject to infringement claims by third parties.
Our ability to compete effectively is dependent upon our ability to protect and preserve the intellectual property and proprietary information owned, licensed or otherwise used by us. We have numerous U.S. and foreign trademark registrations and patents. We also have U.S. and foreign trademark and patent applications pending. We cannot assure you that our pending trademark and patent applications will result in trademark registrations and issued patents, and our failure to secure rights under these applications may limit our ability to protect the intellectual property rights that these applications were intended to cover. Although we have attempted to protect our intellectual property and proprietary information both in the United States and in foreign countries through a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection, and non-disclosure agreements, these steps may be insufficient to prevent unauthorized use of our intellectual property and proprietary information, particularly in foreign countries where the protection available for such intellectual property and proprietary information may be limited. We cannot assure you that any of our intellectual property rights will not be infringed upon or that our trade secrets will not be misappropriated or otherwise become known to or independently developed by competitors. We may not have adequate remedies available for any such infringement or other unauthorized use. We cannot assure you that any infringement claims asserted by us will not result in our intellectual property being challenged or invalidated, that our intellectual property will be held to be of adequate scope to protect our business, or that we will be able to deter current and former employees, contractors or other parties from breaching confidentiality obligations and misappropriating trade secrets.
We could become subject to litigation claiming that our intellectual property or proprietary information infringes the rights of a third party. In that event, we could incur substantial defense costs and, if such litigation is successful, we could be required to pay the claimant damages and royalties for our past and future use of such intellectual property or proprietary information, or we could be prohibited from using it in the future. Our inability to use our intellectual property and proprietary information on a cost-effective basis in the future could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, cash flow and profitability. See Part I, Item 1 “Business-Intellectual Property” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Cancellation of orders in our backlog could negatively impact our revenues, cash flows and profitability.
As of March 28, 2020, we had an order backlog of $478.6 million. However, orders included in our backlog are subject to cancellation, delay or other modifications by our customers and we cannot assure you that these orders will ultimately be fulfilled.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud, and any inability to provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud could harm our business. While to date we have not detected any material weakness or significant deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting, our failure to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls could subject us to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties, or stockholder litigation. In addition, failure to maintain adequate internal controls could result in financial statements that do not accurately reflect our financial condition, which could cause investors to lose confidence in us, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock.
Litigation could adversely affect our financial condition.
We are, and from time to time may become, a party to lawsuits incidental to our businesses. The prosecution or defense of these lawsuits may require significant expenses and divert management’s attention. Our failure to prevail in any of these lawsuits would result in us not obtaining remedies to which we believed we were entitled or require us to pay damages, either of which could adversely affect our financial condition.
Changes in accounting standards or changes in the interpretations of existing standards could affect our financial results.
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. These accounting principles are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the SEC. From time to time, we are required to adopt new or revised accounting standards and related interpretations issued by the FASB and the SEC. Any change in these accounting principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, may retroactively affect previously reported results, could cause unexpected financial reporting fluctuations, and may require us to make costly changes to our operational processes and accounting systems. Further information regarding our adoption of new accounting standards is included in Part II, Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 2 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Risks associated with utilizing information technology systems could adversely affect our operations.
We rely upon our information technology (“IT”) systems to process, transmit and store electronic information to manage and operate our business. Further, in the ordinary course of business, we store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary information and that of our customers and business partners and personally identifiable information of our employees, on our networks. The secure maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our business operations.
We may face cyber attacks and other IT security threats, including malicious software malware, phishing and other intrusions, to our IT infrastructure, attempts to gain unauthorized access to proprietary, classified or confidential information, and threats to the physical security of our IT systems. As a U.S. government contractor, our risk of cyber attacks may be greater than the risk faced by other companies that are not government contractors. In addition to security threats, our IT systems may also be subject to network, software or hardware failures. The unavailability of our IT systems, the failure of these systems to perform as anticipated, or any significant breach of data security could cause loss of data, disrupt our operations, require significant management attention and resources, subject us to liability to third parties, regulatory actions, or contract termination, and negatively impact our reputation among our customers and the public, which could have a negative impact on our financial and competitive position, results of operations and liquidity. In addition, our business with our customers and vendors could be impacted by cyber attacks on their IT systems.
To address the risk to our IT systems and data, we maintain an IT security program designed to resist cyber attacks and to mitigate the damage from successful attacks. Nevertheless, the damage and disruption to our business resulting from a successful attack in the future could be significant. We continue to evaluate the need to upgrade and/or replace our systems and network infrastructure to protect our IT environment, improve the effectiveness of our systems, and strengthen our cybersecurity requirements. However, these upgrades and replacements may not result in the protection or improvements anticipated.
As a U.S. government military contractor, we are also subject to the DOD’s Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement and other federal regulations that require our IT systems to comply with the security and privacy controls in National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-171 (NIST 800-171).
Risk Factors Related to our Common Stock
Provisions in our charter documents may prevent or hinder efforts to acquire a controlling interest in us.
Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions that might benefit our stockholders or in which our stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. These provisions may also prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management.
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of preferred stock, with such designations, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our Board of Directors (the “Board”), without stockholder approval. If we were to issue preferred stock in the future, it could be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of us, or could impede our stockholders’ ability to approve a transaction they consider in their best interests. Although we have no present intention to issue any preferred stock, we may do so in the future. Holders of our common stock do not have preemptive rights to subscribe for a pro rata portion of preferred stock or any other capital stock that we may issue in the future.
We may not pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Except for a $2.00 per common share special dividend paid in 2014, we have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock and may not pay cash dividends in the future. Instead, we plan to apply earnings and excess cash, if any, to the expansion and development of our business. Thus, the return on your investment, if any, could depend solely on an increase, if any, in the market value of our common stock.
ITEM 1B.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None
ITEM 2.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our principal executive office consists of 42,000 square feet located at One Tribology Center, Oxford, Connecticut. We also own or lease manufacturing facilities in the United States, Mexico, Switzerland and Poland as follows:
We also own or lease the following distribution centers:
In addition, we lease several sales offices in various locations throughout the United States and in Les Ulis, France; Shanghai, China; and Langenselbold, Germany to support our sales activities.
We believe that as the term for each of our leased facilities expires we will be able to either secure a renewal or enter into a lease for an alternate location on market terms.
We believe that our existing facilities and equipment are generally in good condition, are well maintained and adequate to carry on our current operations. We also believe that our existing manufacturing facilities have sufficient capacity to meet increased customer demand.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are involved in litigation and administrative proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We do not believe that any litigation or proceeding in which we are currently involved, either individually or in the aggregate, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flow or prospects.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4A. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Our executive officers are appointed by the Board normally for a term of one year and/or until the appointment of their successors. All executive officers have been employed by the Company at their current positions during the past five-year period except as noted below. Our executive officers as of May 15, 2020 are as follows:
PART II
ITEM 5.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Price range of our Common Stock
Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “ROLL.” As of May 15, 2020, there was one holder of record of our common stock.
The following table shows the high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq National Market during the periods indicated:
The last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market on May 15, 2020 was $110.20 per share.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On May 21, 2019 the Board authorized us to repurchase up to $100.0 million of our common stock from time to time on the open market, in block trade transactions, and through privately negotiated transactions, in compliance with SEC Rule 10b-18 depending on market conditions, alternative uses of capital, and other relevant factors. Purchases may be commenced, suspended, or discontinued at any time without prior notice. This repurchase authorization terminated and replaced the $50.0 million stock repurchase program authorized by the Board in 2013.
Total share repurchases under the 2019 plan for the three months ended March 28, 2020 are as follows:
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we did not issue any common stock that was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933.
Equity Compensation Plans
Information regarding equity compensation plans required to be disclosed pursuant to this Item is included in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” Note - 16 “Stockholders’ Equity-Stock Option Plans” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Performance Graph
The following graph shows the total return to our stockholders compared to the Russell 3000 Index, the Russell 2000 Index and the Nasdaq Composite Index over the period from March 28, 2015 to March 28, 2020. Because of the diversity of our markets and products, we do not believe that a combination of peer issuers can be selected on an industry or line-of-business basis to provide a meaningful basis for comparing shareholder return. Accordingly, the Russell 3000 Index and Russell 2000 Index, which are comprised of issuers with generally similar market capitalizations to that of the Company, are included in the graph as permitted by applicable regulations. Each line on the graph assumes that $100 was invested in our common stock or in the respective indices on March 28, 2015 based on the closing price on that date. The graph then presents the value of these investments, assuming reinvestment of dividends, through the close of trading on March 28, 2020.
The cumulative total return shown on the stock performance graph indicates historical results only and may not be indicative of future results.
ITEM 6.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth our selected consolidated historical financial and other data as of the dates and for the periods indicated. The selected financial data as of and for the years ended March 28, 2020, March 30, 2019, March 31, 2018, April 1, 2017 and April 2, 2016 have been derived from our historical consolidated financial statements audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results expected in the future. You should read the data presented below together with, and qualified by reference to, Part II, Item 7.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The financial and business analysis below provides information which we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. This financial and business analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes. All references to “Notes” in this Item 7 refer to the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” included in Item 8 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following discussion contains statements reflecting our views about our future performance that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. See the information provided in Item 1A “Risk Factors - Cautionary Statement as to Forward Looking Information” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading “Cautionary Statement as to Forward-Looking Information.”
We have omitted our discussion of fiscal 2018 from this section as permitted by Regulation S-K. Discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal 2018 can be found within Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on May 23, 2019.
Overview
We are a well-known international manufacturer of highly engineered precision bearings and components. Our precision solutions are integral to the manufacture and operation of most machines and mechanical systems, reduce wear to moving parts, facilitate proper power transmission and reduce damage and energy loss caused by friction. While we manufacture products in all major bearing categories, we focus primarily on the higher end of the bearing market where we believe our value added manufacturing and engineering capabilities enable us to differentiate ourselves from our competitors and enhance profitability. We believe our unique expertise has enabled us to garner leading positions in many of the product markets in which we primarily compete. With 42 facilities in 7 countries, of which 33 are manufacturing facilities, we have been able to significantly broaden our end markets, products, customer base and geographic reach. We have a fiscal year consisting of 52 or 53 weeks, ending on the Saturday closest to March 31. Based on this policy, fiscal years 2020 and 2019 each had 52 weeks. We currently operate under four reportable business segments: Plain Bearings; Roller Bearings; Ball Bearings; and Engineered Products. The following further describes these reportable segments:
Plain Bearings. Plain bearings are produced with either self-lubricating or metal-to-metal designs and consist of several sub-classes, including rod end bearings, spherical plain bearings and journal bearings. Unlike ball bearings, which are used in high-speed rotational applications, plain bearings are primarily used to rectify inevitable misalignments in various mechanical components.
Roller Bearings. Roller bearings are anti-friction bearings that use rollers instead of balls. We manufacture four basic types of roller bearings: heavy duty needle roller bearings with inner rings, tapered roller bearings, track rollers and aircraft roller bearings.
Ball Bearings. We manufacture four basic types of ball bearings: high precision aerospace, airframe control, thin section and commercial ball bearings which are used in high-speed rotational applications.
Engineered Products. Engineered Products consist of highly engineered hydraulics, fasteners, collets, tool holders and precision components used in aerospace, marine and industrial applications.
Purchasers of bearings and engineered products include industrial equipment and machinery manufacturers, producers of commercial and military aerospace equipment, agricultural machinery manufacturers, construction, energy, mining and specialized equipment manufacturers, and marine products, automotive and commercial truck manufacturers. The markets for our products are cyclical, and we have endeavored to mitigate this cyclicality by entering into sole-source relationships and long-term purchase agreements, through diversification across multiple market segments within the aerospace and industrial segments, by increasing sales to the aftermarket, and by focusing on developing highly customized solutions.
Currently, our strategy is built around maintaining our role as a leading manufacturer of precision bearings and components through the following efforts:
●Developing innovative solutions. By leveraging our design and manufacturing expertise and our extensive customer relationships, we continue to develop new products for markets in which there are substantial growth opportunities.
●Expanding customer base and penetrating end markets. We continually seek opportunities to access new customers, geographic locations and bearing platforms with existing products or profitable new product opportunities.
●Increasing aftermarket sales. We believe that increasing our aftermarket sales of replacement parts will further enhance the continuity and predictability of our revenues and enhance our profitability. Such sales included sales to third party distributors, and sales to OEMs for replacement products and aftermarket services. We expect to increase the percentage of our revenues derived from the replacement market by continuing to implement several initiatives.
●Pursuing selective acquisitions. The acquisition of businesses that complement or expand our operations has been and continues to be an important element of our business strategy. We believe that there will continue to be consolidation within the industry that may present us with acquisition opportunities.
We have demonstrated expertise in acquiring and integrating bearing and precision engineered component manufacturers that have complementary products or distribution channels and have provided significant margin enhancement. We have consistently increased the profitability of acquired businesses through a process of methods and systems improvement coupled with the introduction of complementary and proprietary new products. Since 1992 we have completed 26 acquisitions, which have broadened our end markets, products, customer base and geographic reach.
Recent Significant Events
Acquisition
On August 15, 2019, the Company, through its Schaublin SA subsidiary, acquired all of the outstanding shares of Vianel Holding AG (“Swiss Tool”) for a purchase price of approximately $33.8 million (CHF 33.0 million), subject to a working capital adjustment. Swiss Tool, which is based in Bürglen, Switzerland, owns Swiss Tool Systems AG and other subsidiaries which collectively develop and manufacture high precision boring and turning solutions for metal cutting machines under the Swiss Tool Systems name. The preliminary purchase price allocation is as follows: accounts receivable ($1.3 million), inventory ($6.0 million), other current assets ($0.6 million), fixed assets ($3.5 million), intangible assets ($13.3 million), operating lease assets ($2.9 million), other non-current assets ($0.2 million), accounts payable ($0.6 million), other current liabilities ($0.9 million), operating lease liabilities ($2.9 million), deferred tax liabilities ($3.4 million) and noncurrent liabilities ($2.0 million). Goodwill of $16.0 million, which resulted from the purchase price allocation, is not deductible for tax purposes and is subject to change pending a final valuation of the assets and liabilities, including intangible assets and deferred income taxes. Swiss Tool is included in the Engineered Products reporting segment.
Sale of Houston Building
On January 31, 2020, the Company sold its property located in Houston, Texas for approximately $8.0 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $1.4 million which was recorded within other, net on the consolidated statements of operations.
Outlook
We ended fiscal 2020 with a backlog of $478.6 million compared to $445.1 million for the same period last fiscal year. Our net sales increased 3.6% year over year due to an 8.8% increase in sales in the aerospace markets offset by a 4.9% decrease in sales to the industrial markets. Excluding the acquisition of Swiss Tool in fiscal 2020 and the Miami division sale in fiscal 2019, net sales grew 4.3% year over year.
The COVID-19 health crisis, which was declared a pandemic in March 2020, has led to governments around the world implementing measures to reduce the spread. These measures include quarantines, “shelter in place” orders, travel restrictions, and other measures and have resulted in a slowdown of worldwide economic activity.
Our business is operating as an essential business, and as such, our facilities have remained open, with the exception of a few temporary closures at some of our international locations. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted our commercial aerospace and industrial sales in March of our fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. During this period, our commercial aerospace sales also faced headwinds associated with build rate changes on the Boeing 737 MAX.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we did not experience significant disruptions in our supply chain or with our customers as a result of COVID-19. We anticipate that our production and sales in fiscal 2021 will be negatively affected by the economic implications of the pandemic. Commercial aerospace OEM and aftermarket, which make up approximately half of our sales annually, will be impacted by the decline in air travel and changes in production rates. Our sales to defense markets, which represent approximately one quarter of total sales, will grow over the next year. Our sales to industrial markets will be adversely affected in the first two quarters of fiscal 2021 due to the slowdown of economic activity. We expect to see demand increasing as “shelter in place” directives are eliminated. Management is continuously evaluating the status of our orders and operations, and restructuring efforts are being implemented where necessary to align our cost structure to the new demand levels we experience in the marketplace.
We experienced strong cash flow generation during fiscal 2020 (as discussed in the section “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below). We expect this trend to continue during fiscal 2021.	Management believes that these operating cash flows and available credit under all credit agreements will provide adequate resources to fund internal and external growth initiatives for the foreseeable future, including at least the next twelve months. As of March 28, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $103.3 million of which approximately $13.3 million was cash held by our foreign operations.
Sources of Revenue
A contract with a customer exists when there is commitment and approval from both parties involved, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are defined, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company has determined that the contract with the customer is established when the customer purchase order is accepted or acknowledged. Long-term agreements (LTAs) are used by the Company and certain of its customers to reduce their supply uncertainty for a period of time, typically multiple years. While these LTAs define commercial terms including pricing, termination rights and other contractual requirements, they do not represent the contract with the customer for revenue recognition purposes.
Approximately 95% and 94% of the Company’s revenue was generated from the sale of products to customers in the industrial and aerospace markets for the years ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively. During fiscal 2020, approximately 5% of the Company’s revenue was derived from services performed for customers which includes repair and refurbishment work performed on customer-controlled assets as well as design and test work compared to approximately 6% for fiscal 2019.
Refer to Note 2 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion around the Company’s revenue policy.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of sales includes employee compensation and benefits, raw materials, outside processing, depreciation of manufacturing machinery and equipment, supplies and manufacturing overhead.
Approximately 10% to 20% of our costs, depending on product mix, are attributable to raw materials and purchased components, a majority of which are related to steel and related products. When we experience raw material inflation, we offset these cost increases by changing our buying patterns, expanding our vendor network and passing through price increases when possible. The overall impact on raw material costs for this fiscal year was not material as a percent change on a year-over-year basis.
We monitor gross margin performance through a process of monthly operation reviews with all our divisions. We develop new products to target certain markets allied to our strategies by first understanding volume levels and product pricing and then constructing manufacturing strategies to achieve defined margin objectives. We only pursue product lines where we believe that the developed manufacturing process will yield the targeted margins. Management monitors gross margins of all product lines on a monthly basis to determine which manufacturing processes or prices should be adjusted.
Fiscal 2020 Compared to Fiscal 2019
Results of Operations
Net sales increased $25.0 million, or 3.6%, for fiscal 2020 over fiscal 2019. This was mainly the result of an 8.8% increase in net sales to the aerospace markets partially offset by a 4.9% decrease in the industrial markets. Excluding $11.3 million of sales associated with the Miami division sold in fiscal 2019, aerospace sales increased 11.8% year over year. The increase in aerospace sales was primarily due to the commercial and defense OEM and aftermarket business. Despite facing headwinds associated with COVID-19 and production delays on the Boeing 737 MAX, our commercial aerospace sales increased 10.9% year over year. Excluding $6.4 million of sales from the Swiss Tool acquisition in fiscal 2020, industrial sales decreased 7.2% year over year. In addition to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the decrease in industrial sales was driven by energy, mining, and general industrial markets. These decreases were partially offset by increases in the semicon market. Overall, excluding sales associated with the Miami division and Swiss Tool, net sales increased 4.3% year over year.
Net income increased by $20.8 million to $126.0 million for fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The year-over-year increase was primarily driven by increased volume during fiscal 2020 as well as the after tax loss of $12.5 million incurred during fiscal 2019 associated with the sale of the Miami division. The net income of $126.0 million in fiscal 2020 was impacted by $1.1 million of after-tax gain on the sale of our Houston facility, and $5.9 million of discrete tax benefits including share-based compensation, partially offset by $1.1 million of after-tax costs associated with the acquisition of Swiss Tool, $0.8 million of restructuring and integration costs, and $0.7 million of loss on foreign exchange. In addition to the after tax loss associated with the sale of the Miami division, the net income of $105.2 million in fiscal 2019 was affected by restructuring and integration costs of $1.0 million, $0.8 million of after-tax cost associated with the loss on the extinguishment of debt, and $0.9 million of tax loss associated with the repatriation of cash from our foreign operations partially offset by $5.7 million tax benefit associated with share-based compensation, $0.1 million in foreign exchange gains and $0.6 million of other tax related benefits.
Gross Margin
Gross margin increased $12.4 million, or 4.5%, for fiscal 2020 compared to the same period last fiscal year. The increase in gross margin was mainly driven by increased volume, improved factory methods, and cost efficiencies achieved during the current period. Gross margins in fiscal 2020 were impacted by $0.4 million of purchase accounting adjustments associated with the acquisition of Swiss Tool.
Selling, General and Administrative
SG&A expenses increased by $5.1 million to $122.6 million for fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. This increase is primarily due to $4.1 million of additional stock compensation expense and $2.0 million of personnel related expenses partially offset by $0.5 million of reduced professional fees and $0.5 million of reductions in other costs.
Other, Net
Other operating expenses for fiscal 2020 totaled $9.8 million compared to $27.1 million for fiscal 2019. For fiscal 2020, other operating expenses were comprised of $9.6 million of amortization of intangible assets, $0.9 million of acquisition costs, and $1.0 million of restructuring costs, partially offset by $1.2 million of gain on disposal of assets and $0.5 million of other income. For fiscal 2019, other operating expenses were comprised of $16.5 million of costs associated with the sale of the Miami division, $9.7 million of amortization of intangibles, and $1.2 million of restructuring costs, partially offset by $0.3 million of other income.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net, generally consists of interest charged on our debt and amortization of debt issuance costs offset by interest income (see “Liquidity and Capital Resources - Liquidity”, below). Interest expense, net was $1.9 million for fiscal 2020 compared to $5.2 million for fiscal 2019. This included amortization of debt issuance costs of $0.5 million for fiscal 2020 and $0.9 million for fiscal 2019. The decrease in interest expense is a result of the Company having substantially less outstanding debt throughout fiscal 2020 compared to 2019.
Other Non-Operating Expense
Other non-operating expense for fiscal 2020 totaled $0.8 million, consisting primarily of $1.0 million associated with loss on foreign exchange partially offset by $0.2 million of other non-operating income. Other non-operating expense for fiscal 2019 totaled $0.8 million, consisting primarily of $1.0 million associated with the write-off of deferred financing fees, partially offset by $0.2 million of other non-operating income.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense for fiscal 2020 was $28.1 million compared to $20.9 million for fiscal 2019. Our effective income tax rate for fiscal 2020 was 18.2% compared to 16.6% for fiscal 2019. The effective income tax rates are different from the U.S. statutory rate due to U.S. credit for increasing research activities and foreign-derived intangible income provision which decreases the rate and differences in foreign and state income taxes which increase the rate. The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2020 of 18.2% includes discrete items of $5.9 million benefit which are comprised substantially of a benefit associated with share-based compensation, tax benefit of other permanent adjustments from filing the Company’s tax returns and unrecognized tax benefits associated with the expiration of statutes of limitations. The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2020 without these discrete items would have been 22.1%. The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2019 of 16.6% includes discrete items of $9.4 million benefit which are comprised substantially of an $11.2 million benefit associated with share-based compensation, the sale of the Miami Division and unrecognized tax benefits associated with the expiration of statutes of limitations and an expense of $1.8 million associated with withholding tax on a one-time repatriation of cash from the Company’s foreign operations, foreign tax credits for which no tax benefit was recorded along with other permanent adjustments from filing the fiscal 2018 tax return. The effective income tax rate for fiscal 2019 without these discrete items would have been 24.1%.	
Segment Information
We have four reportable product segments: Plain Bearings, Roller Bearings, Ball Bearings and Engineered Products. We use net sales and gross margin as the primary measurement to assess the financial performance of each reportable segment.
Plain Bearing Segment:
Net sales increased $35.0 million, or 10.8%, for fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The 10.8% increase was mostly attributable to an increase of 16.5% in our aerospace markets partially offset by a decrease of 5.1% in our industrial markets. The increase in aerospace was primarily due to commercial and defense, both OEM and aftermarket. Commercial OEM sales increased 15.6% year over year despite headwinds associated with production delays on the Boeing 737 MAX. The decrease in industrial sales was due to energy and general industrial markets.
Gross margin was $145.0 million, or 40.5% of sales, in fiscal 2020 compared to $129.3 million, or 40.0% of sales, for the same period in fiscal 2019. The increase was primarily due to increased volume during the period.
Roller Bearing Segment:
Net sales decreased $11.2 million, or 7.8% during fiscal 2020 compared to the same period last year. This was due to a 16.3% decrease in industrial sales, partially offset by a 1.0% increase in aerospace sales. The decrease in industrial sales was due to mining, energy, and general industrial markets. The increase in aerospace was due to commercial OEM and aftermarket sales.
The Roller Bearings segment achieved a gross margin of $55.5 million, or 41.9% of sales, in fiscal 2020 compared to $61.6 million, or 42.8% of sales, in fiscal 2019. The decrease in gross margin was due to decreased volume and product mix during the period.
Ball Bearing Segment:
Net sales increased $1.9 million, or 2.7%, for fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. This was attributable to net sales increases in aerospace sales of 8.5% driven by the aerospace defense OEM market. Industrial sales increased 0.2% year over year.
Gross margin for the year was $33.0 million, or 44.5% of sales, compared to $29.8 million, or 41.3% of sales, during fiscal 2019. This change results from cost efficiencies achieved during the year.
Engineered Products Segment:
Net sales decreased $0.8 million, or 0.5%, in fiscal 2020 compared to the same period last fiscal year. Our industrial sales increased 4.7%, while our aerospace sales decreased 3.7%. Excluding $11.3 million of sales associated with our Miami division sold in fiscal 2019, aerospace sales increased 8.4% year over year. The increase in aerospace sales was primarily driven by the defense OEM market. Commercial aerospace sales were negatively impacted by production delays on the Boeing 737 MAX. Excluding $6.4 million of sales associated with the acquisition of Swiss Tool in fiscal 2020, industrial sales decreased 5.5% year over year. The decrease in industrial sales was driven by the general industrial markets. Overall, excluding sales associated with the Miami division and Swiss Tool, net sales increased 2.7% year over year.
Gross margin for the year was $55.6 million, or 34.2% of sales compared to $56.0 million or 34.3% of sales during fiscal 2019. Gross margin in fiscal 2020 was affected by $0.4 million of purchase accounting adjustments associated with the acquisition of Swiss Tool.
Corporate:
Corporate SG&A increased $6.2 million or 10.4% for fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. This was due to increases in share-based compensation expense of $4.1 million and personnel-related expenses of $2.9 million, partially offset by reductions in professional fees of $0.4 million and other costs of $0.4 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our business is capital intensive. Our capital requirements include manufacturing equipment and materials. In addition, we have historically derived a portion of our growth through acquisitions. We have historically met our working capital, capital expenditure requirements and acquisition funding needs through net cash flows provided by operations, various debt arrangements and sale of equity to investors. We believe that operating cash flows and available credit under the Amended Credit Agreement and Schaublin Credit Agreements will provide adequate resources to fund internal and external growth initiatives for the foreseeable future.
Our ability to meet future working capital, capital expenditures and debt service requirements will depend on our future financial performance, which will be affected by a range of economic, competitive and business factors, particularly interest rates, cyclical changes in our end markets and prices for steel and our ability to pass through price increases on a timely basis, many of which are outside of our control. In addition, future acquisitions could have a significant impact on our liquidity position and our need for additional funds.
From time to time we evaluate our existing facilities and operations and their strategic importance to us. If we determine that a given facility or operation does not have future strategic importance, we may sell, partially or completely, relocate production lines from, consolidate or otherwise dispose of those facilities and operations. Although we believe our operations would not be materially impaired by such dispositions, relocations or consolidations, we could incur significant cash or non-cash charges in connection with them.
Liquidity
As of March 28, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $103.3 million of which approximately $13.3 million was cash held by our foreign operations. We expect that our undistributed foreign earnings will be re-invested indefinitely for working capital, internal growth and acquisitions for and by our foreign operations.
Domestic Credit Facility
On January 31, 2019, the Company amended the 2015 credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent, Swingline Lender and Letter of Credit Issuer, and the other lenders party thereto (the “2015 Credit Agreement”). The 2015 Credit Agreement as so amended (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) now provides the Company with a $250.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) in place of the revolver provided in the 2015 Credit Agreement. The Revolver expires on January 31, 2024. Debt issuance costs associated with the Amended Credit Agreement totaled $0.9 million and will be amortized through January 31, 2024 along with the unamortized debt issuance costs remaining from the 2015 Credit Agreement.
Amounts outstanding under the Revolver generally bear interest at (a) a base rate determined by reference to the higher of (1) Wells Fargo’s prime lending rate, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 1/2 of 1% and (3) the one-month LIBOR rate plus 1%, or (b) LIBOR plus a specified margin, depending on the type of borrowing being made. The applicable margin is based on the Company’s consolidated ratio of total net debt to consolidated EBITDA at each measurement date. Currently, the Company’s margin is 0.00% for base rate loans and 0.75% for LIBOR loans.
The Amended Credit Agreement requires the Company to comply with various covenants, including among other things, a financial covenant to maintain a ratio of consolidated net debt to adjusted EBITDA not greater than 3.50 to 1. The Amended Credit Agreement allows the Company to, among other things, make distributions to shareholders, repurchase its stock, incur other debt or liens, or acquire or dispose of assets provided that the Company complies with certain requirements and limitations of the Amended Credit Agreement. As of March 28, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.
The Company’s domestic subsidiaries have guaranteed the Company’s obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement. The Company’s obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement and the domestic subsidiaries’ guarantee are secured by a pledge of substantially all of the domestic assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries.
Approximately $3.9 million of the Revolver is being utilized to provide letters of credit to secure the Company’s obligations relating to certain insurance programs. As of March 28, 2020, $1.5 million in unamortized debt issuance costs remain. The Company has the ability to borrow up to an additional $246.1 million under the Revolver as of March 28, 2020.
Foreign Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility
On August 15, 2019, one of our foreign divisions, Schaublin SA (“Schaublin”), entered into two separate credit agreements (the “Schaublin Credit Agreements”) with Credit Suisse (Switzerland) Ltd. to (i) finance the acquisition of Swiss Tool, which is discussed in further detail in Note 8 of the consolidated financial statements, and (ii) provide future working capital. The Schaublin Credit Agreements provided Schaublin with a CHF 15.0 million (approximately $15.4 million) term loan (the “Foreign Term Loan”), which expires on July 31, 2024 and a CHF 15.0 million (approximately $15.4 million) revolving credit facility (the “Foreign Revolver”), which continues in effect until terminated by either Schaublin or Credit Suisse. Debt issuance costs associated with the Schaublin Credit Agreements totaled CHF 0.3 million (approximately $0.3 million) and will be amortized throughout the life of the credit agreements.
Amounts outstanding under the Foreign Term Loan and the Foreign Revolver generally bear interest at LIBOR plus a specified margin. The applicable margin is based on Schaublin’s ratio of total net debt to consolidated EBITDA at each measurement date. Currently, Schaublin’s margin is 2.00%.
The Foreign Credit Agreements require Schaublin to comply with various covenants, which are tested annually on March 31. These covenants include, among other things, a financial covenant to maintain a ratio of consolidated net debt to adjusted EBITDA not greater than 3.00 to 1 as of March 31, 2020 and not greater than 2.50 to 1 as of March 31, 2021 and thereafter. Schaublin is also required to maintain an economic equity of CHF 20.0 million at all times. The Foreign Credit Agreements allow Schaublin to, among other things, incur other debt or liens and acquire or dispose of assets provided that Schaublin complies with certain requirements and limitations of the Foreign Credit Agreements. As of March 28, 2020, Schaublin was in compliance with all such covenants.
Schaublin’s parent company, Schaublin Holding, has guaranteed Schaublin’s obligations under the Foreign Credit Agreements. Schaublin Holding’s guaranty and the Foreign Credit Agreements are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of Schaublin. In addition, the Foreign Term Loan is secured with pledges of the capital stock of the top company and the three operating companies in the Swiss Tool System group of companies.
As of March 28, 2020, there was approximately $2.8 million outstanding under the Foreign Revolver and approximately $15.8 million outstanding under the Foreign Term Loan. As of March 28, 2020, approximately $0.2 million in unamortized debt issuance costs remain. Schaublin has the ability to borrow up to an additional $12.9 million under the Foreign Revolver as of March 28, 2020.
Schaublin’s required future annual principal payments for the next five years are approximately $6.0 million for fiscal 2021, approximately $3.2 million for each year from fiscal 2022 through fiscal 2024 and approximately $3.2 million for fiscal 2025.
Other Notes Payable
On October 1, 2012, Schaublin purchased the land and building that it occupied and had been leasing for approximately $14.9 million. Schaublin obtained a 20-year fixed-rate mortgage of approximately $9.9 million at an interest rate of 2.9%. The balance of the purchase price of approximately $5.1 million was paid from cash on hand. The balance on this mortgage as of March 28, 2020 was approximately $6.1 million.
The Company’s required future annual principal payments for the next five years and thereafter are $0.5 million for each year from fiscal 2021 through fiscal 2025 and $3.7 million thereafter.
Cash Flows
Fiscal 2020 Compared to Fiscal 2019
The following table summarizes our cash flow activities:
During fiscal 2020 we generated cash of $155.6 million from operating activities compared to $108.5 million for fiscal 2019. The increase of $47.1 million for fiscal 2020 was mainly the result of a net change in operating assets and liabilities of $29.1 million and an increase in net income of $20.8 million offset by additional non-cash charges of $2.8 million. The favorable change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily the result of a decrease in the amount of cash being used for working capital items as detailed in the table below, while the change in non-cash charges were primarily driven by a decrease in restructuring charges of $16.6 million, a $2.0 million favorable change related to the disposal of assets, $1.0 million in charges associated with the extinguishment of debt incurred in the prior year, $0.1 million less amortization of intangible assets and $0.4 million less amortization of deferred financing fees offset by $1.8 million of additional depreciation, an additional $4.1 million in share-based compensation and an $11.4 million increase in deferred income taxes.
The following chart summarizes the favorable (unfavorable) change in operating assets and liabilities of $29.1 million for fiscal 2020 versus fiscal 2019 and ($51.1) million for fiscal 2019 versus fiscal 2018.
During fiscal 2020, we used $62.8 million for investing activities as compared to $17.1 million for fiscal 2019. This increase in cash used was attributable to $33.8 million used for the acquisition of Swiss Tool in fiscal 2020, and $22.3 million received in fiscal 2019 from the sale of the Miami division. This was partially offset by $6.4 million of additional proceeds received in fiscal 2020 from the sale of assets and a $4.0 million decrease in capital expenditures compared to the prior year.
During fiscal 2020, we used $20.3 million for financing activities compared to $113.3 million for financing for fiscal 2019. The decrease of $93.0 million in cash used was primarily attributable to proceeds received from borrowings of $24.8 million for the acquisition of Swiss Tool, $84.2 million less payments made on outstanding debt and $0.6 million less paid in deferred financing fees. This was partially offset by an additional $7.0 million used to repurchase common stock during fiscal 2020 and $9.6 million fewer proceeds from the exercise of stock options during fiscal 2020 compared to the prior year.
Capital Expenditures
Our capital expenditures in fiscal 2020 were $37.3 million. We expect to make capital expenditures of approximately 3.0% to 3.5% of net sales during fiscal 2021 in connection with our existing business. We funded our fiscal 2020 capital expenditures, and expect to fund fiscal 2021 capital expenditures, principally through existing cash and internally generated funds. We may also make substantial additional capital expenditures in connection with acquisitions.
Contractual Obligations
The contractual obligations presented in the table below represent our estimates of future payments under fixed contractual obligations and commitments. Changes in our business needs, cancellation provisions and interest rates, as well as actions by third parties and other factors, may cause these estimates to change. Because these estimates are necessarily subjective, our actual payments in future periods are likely to vary from those presented in the table. The following table summarizes certain of our contractual obligations and principal and interest payments under our debt instruments and leases as of March 28, 2020:
(1)We cannot make a reasonably reliable estimate of when the unrecognized tax benefits of $13.0 million, which includes interest and penalties, and is offset by deferred tax assets, will be paid to the respective taxing authorities. These obligations are therefore excluded from the above table.
(2)These amounts represent expected cash payments of interest and fees on our variable rate long-term debt under the Foreign Term Loan and Revolver at the prevailing interest rates at March 28, 2020. They also include expected cash payments of interest on our 20-year fixed-rate mortgage at one of our foreign operations and unused line fees on both our Foreign and Domestic Revolvers.
(3)As discussed further in Note 15, “Income Taxes”, within Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), which was enacted in December 2017, includes a transition tax on unremitted foreign earnings and profits (“E&P”). We have elected to pay the estimated amount above over an eight-year period.
Quarterly Results of Operations
(1)See Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies-Net Income Per Common Share.”
(2)Net income per common share is computed independently for each of the quarters presented. Therefore, the sum of the quarterly earnings per share may not necessarily equal the total for the year.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to product returns, bad debts, inventories, recoverability of intangible assets, income taxes, pensions and other postretirement benefits and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We believe our judgments related to these accounting estimates are appropriate. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Revenue Recognition. The performance obligations for the majority of RBC’s product sales are satisfied at the point in time in which the products are shipped, consistent with the pattern of revenue recognition under the previous accounting standard. The Company has determined that the customer obtains control upon shipment of the product based on the shipping terms (either when it ships from RBC’s dock or when the product arrives at the customer’s dock) and recognizes revenue accordingly. Once a product has shipped, the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the asset. Approximately 95% of the Company’s revenue was recognized in this manner based on sales for the year ended March 28, 2020 compared to approximately 94% for the year ended March 30, 2019.
The Company has determined performance obligations are satisfied over time for customer contracts where RBC provides services to customers and also for a limited number of product sales. RBC has determined revenue recognition over time is appropriate for our service revenue contracts as they create or enhance an asset that the customer controls throughout the duration of the contract. Approximately 5% of the Company’s revenue was recognized in this manner based on sales for the year ended March 28, 2020 compared to approximately 6% for the year ended March 30, 2019. Revenue recognition over time is appropriate for customer contracts with product sales in which the product sold has no alternative use to RBC without significant economic loss and an enforceable right to payment exists, including a normal profit margin from the customer, in the event of contract termination. These types of contracts comprised less than 1% of total sales for the year ended March 28, 2020 and the year ended March 30, 2019. For both of these types of contracts, revenue is recognized over time based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company utilizes the cost-to-cost measure of progress for over-time revenue recognition contracts as we believe this measure best depicts the transfer of control to the customer, which occurs as we incur costs on contracts. Revenues, including profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Costs to fulfill include labor, materials, subcontractors’ costs, and other direct and indirect costs.
Pursuant to the over-time revenue recognition model, revenue may be recognized prior to the customer being invoiced. An unbilled receivable is recorded to reflect revenue that is recognized when (1) the cost-to-cost method is applied and (2) such revenue exceeds the amount invoiced to the customer. Contract assets are included within prepaid expenses and other current assets or other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
Accounts Receivable. We are required to estimate the collectability of our accounts receivable, which requires a considerable amount of judgment in assessing the ultimate realization of these receivables, including the current credit-worthiness of each customer. Changes in required reserves may occur in the future as conditions in the marketplace change.
Inventory. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out method. We account for inventory under a full absorption method. We record adjustments to the value of inventory based upon past sales history and forecasted plans to sell our inventories. The physical condition, including age and quality, of the inventories is also considered in establishing its valuation. These adjustments are estimates, which could vary significantly, either favorably or unfavorably, from actual requirements if future economic conditions, customer inventory levels or competitive conditions differ from our expectations.
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets. Goodwill (representing the excess of the amount paid to acquire a company over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired) and indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized but instead are tested for impairment annually, or when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such asset may not be recoverable. Separate tests are performed for goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets. We completed a quantitative test of impairment on the indefinite lived intangible assets with no impairment noted in the current year. The determination of any goodwill impairment is made at the reporting unit level and consists of two steps. First, the Company determines the fair value of a reporting unit and compares it to its carrying amount. Second, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the goodwill’s implied fair value. The Company applies the income approach (discounted cash flow method) in testing goodwill for impairment. The key assumptions used in the discounted cash flow method used to estimate fair value include discount rates, revenue growth rates, terminal growth rates and cash flow projections. Discount rates, revenue growth rates and cash flow projections are the most sensitive and susceptible to change as they require significant management judgment. Discount rates are determined by using a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”). The WACC considers market and industry data as well as Company-specific risk factors for each reporting unit in determining the appropriate discount rate to be used. The discount rate utilized for each reporting unit for our fiscal 2020 test was 10.0% and is indicative of the return an investor would expect to receive for investing in such a business. Terminal growth rate determination follows common methodology of capturing the present value of perpetual cash flow estimates beyond the last projected period assuming a constant WACC and long-term growth rates. The terminal growth rate used for our fiscal 2020 test was 2.5%. The Company has determined that, to date, no impairment of goodwill exists and fair value of the reporting units exceeded the carrying value in total by approximately 140.5%. The fair value of the reporting units exceeds the carrying value by a minimum of 44.8% at each of the four reporting units. A decrease of 1.0% in our terminal growth rate would not result in impairment of goodwill for any of our reporting units. An increase of 1.0% in our discount rate would not result in impairment of goodwill for any of our reporting units. The Company performs the annual impairment testing during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. Although no changes are expected, if the actual results of the Company are less favorable than the assumptions the Company makes regarding estimated cash flows, the Company may be required to record an impairment charge in the future.
Income Taxes. As part of the process of preparing the consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate the income taxes in each jurisdiction in which we operate. This process involves estimating the actual current tax liabilities together with assessing temporary differences resulting from the differing treatment of items for tax and financial reporting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the consolidated balance sheets. We must then assess the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be recovered, and to the extent that we believe that recovery is not more than likely, we are required to establish a valuation allowance. If a valuation allowance is established or increased during any period, we are required to include this amount as an expense within the tax provision in the consolidated statements of operations. Significant judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, accrual for uncertain tax positions and any valuation allowance recognized against net deferred tax assets.
Pension Plan and Postretirement Health Care. We have a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering union employees in our Heim division plant in Fairfield, Connecticut, our Plymouth subsidiary plant in Plymouth, Indiana and former union employees of our Tyson subsidiary in Glasgow, Kentucky and Nice subsidiary in Kulpsville, Pennsylvania.
Our pension plan funding policy is to make the minimum annual contribution required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. Plan obligations and annual pension expense are determined by independent actuaries using a number of assumptions provided by us including assumptions about employee demographics, retirement age, compensation levels, pay rates, turnover, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, discount rate and the amount and timing of claims. Each plan assumption reflects our best estimate of the plan’s future experience. The most sensitive assumption in the determination of plan obligations for pensions is the discount rate. The discount rate that we use for determining future pension obligations is based on a review of long-term bonds that receive one of the two highest ratings given by a recognized rating agency. The discount rate determined on this basis was 2.80% at March 28, 2020. In developing the overall expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption, a building block approach was used in which rates of return in excess of inflation were considered separately for equity securities and debt securities. The excess returns were weighted by the representative target allocation and added along with an appropriate rate of inflation to develop the overall expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption. The expected long-term rate of return on the assets of our pension plan was 6.75% in fiscal 2020.
Lowering the discount rate assumption used to determine net periodic pension cost by 1.00% (from 3.50% to 2.50%) would have increased our pension expense for fiscal 2020 by approximately $0.3 million. Increasing the discount rate assumption used to determine net periodic pension cost by 1.00% (from 3.50% to 4.50%) would have decreased our pension expense for fiscal 2020 by approximately $0.3 million.
Lowering the expected long-term rate of return on the assets of our pension plan by 1.00% (from 6.75% to 5.75%) would have increased our pension expense for fiscal 2020 by approximately $0.3 million. Increasing the expected long-term rate of return on the assets of our pension plan by 1.00% (from 6.75% to 7.75%) would have reduced our pension expense for fiscal 2020 by approximately $0.3 million.
Lowering the discount rate assumption used to determine the funded status as of March 28, 2020 by 1.00% (from 2.80% to 1.80%) would have increased the projected benefit obligation of our pension plan by approximately $2.7 million. Increasing the discount rate assumption used to determine the funded status as of March 28, 2020 by 1.00% (from 2.80% to 3.80%) would have reduced the projected benefit obligation of our pension plan by approximately $2.3 million.
Our investment program objective is to achieve a rate of return on plan assets which will fund the plan liabilities and provide for required benefits while avoiding undue exposure to risk to the plan and increases in funding requirements. Our long-term target allocation of plan assets is 70% equity and 30% fixed income investments.
Stock-Based Compensation. We recognize compensation cost relating to all share-based payment transactions in the financial statements based upon the grant-date fair value of the instruments issued over the requisite service period.
The fair value for our options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
The Black-Scholes option pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. Because our options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of our options.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2: “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recent Accounting Pronouncements.”
Impact of Inflation, Changes in Prices of Raw Materials and Interest Rate Fluctuations
To date, inflation in the economy as a whole has not significantly affected our operations. However, we purchase steel at market prices, which fluctuate as a result of supply and demand in the marketplace. To date, we have managed price increases by changing our buying patterns, expanding our vendor network, and passing increases on to our customers through price increases on our products, the assessment of steel surcharges on our customers, or entry into long-term agreements with our customers containing escalator provisions tied to our invoiced price of steel. However, even if we are able to pass these steel surcharges or price increases to our customers, there may be a time lag of several months between the time a price increase goes into effect and our ability to implement surcharges or price increases, particularly for orders already in our backlog. As a result, our gross margin percentage may decline. The overall impact on costs for fiscal 2020 was immaterial.
Competitive pressures and the terms of certain of our long-term contracts may require us to absorb at least part of these cost increases, particularly during periods of high inflation. Our principal raw material is stainless and 52100 wire and rod steel (types of high alloy steel), which has historically been readily available. We have never experienced a work stoppage due to a supply shortage. We maintain multiple sources for raw materials including steel and have various supplier agreements. Through sole-source arrangements, supplier agreements and pricing, we have been able to minimize our exposure to fluctuations in raw material prices.
Our suppliers and sources of raw materials are based in the U.S., Europe and Asia. We believe that our sources are adequate for our needs in the foreseeable future, that there exist alternative suppliers for our raw materials and that in most cases readily available alternative materials can be used for most of our raw materials.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 28, 2020, we had no significant off-balance sheet arrangements other than $3.9 million of outstanding standby letters of credit, all of which were under the Revolver.
ITEM 7A.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risks, which arise during the normal course of business from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.
Interest Rates. We have exposure to risk associated with interest rates on the Revolver. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates. Our Swiss operations utilize the Swiss franc as the functional currency, our French and German operations utilize the euro as the functional currency, our Polish operations utilize the Polish zloty as the functional currency. As a result, we are exposed to risk associated with fluctuating currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and these currencies. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in earnings. Approximately 10% of our net sales were impacted by foreign currency fluctuations in fiscal 2020 compared to approximately 10% of our net sales in fiscal 2019. We expect that this proportion is likely to increase as we seek to increase our penetration of foreign markets, particularly within the aerospace and defense markets. Foreign currency transaction exposure arises primarily from the transfer of foreign currency from one subsidiary to another within the group, and to foreign currency denominated trade receivables. Unrealized currency translation gains and losses are recognized upon translation of the foreign operations’ balance sheets to U.S. dollars. Because our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars, changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies have had, and will continue to have, an impact on our earnings. We periodically enter into derivative financial instruments in the form of forward exchange contracts to reduce the effect of fluctuations in exchange rates on certain third-party sales transactions denominated in non-functional currencies. Based on the accounting guidance related to derivatives and hedging activities, we record derivative financial instruments at fair value. For derivative financial instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on these hedges is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, and is reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. As of March 28, 2020, we had no derivatives.
ITEM 8.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of RBC Bearings Incorporated
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of RBC Bearings Incorporated (the Company) as of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 28, 2020 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 28, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 28, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated May 20, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the account or disclosures to which it relates.
Valuation of Goodwill - Annual impairment evaluation
Description of the Matter
At March 28, 2020, the Company’s goodwill was $277.8 million. As discussed in Notes 2 and 9 of the consolidated financial statements, goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level annually, or when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such asset may not be recoverable. The estimates of fair value of a reporting unit are determined using an income approach, specifically a discounted cash flow analysis.
Auditing management’s annual goodwill impairment test was complex and highly judgmental due to the significant estimation required to determine the fair value of the reporting units. The fair value estimates were sensitive to changes in significant assumptions such as the discount rates, revenue growth rates and cash flow projections which are affected by expectations about future market or economic conditions.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s goodwill impairment review process, including controls over management’s review of the significant assumptions described above.
To test the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units, we performed audit procedures, with the assistance of our valuation specialists, that included, among others, assessing the methodologies utilized and testing the significant assumptions discussed above and the underlying data used by the Company in its analysis. We compared the significant assumptions used by management to current industry and economic trends and evaluated whether changes to the Company’s business model, customers, products, or other factors would affect the significant assumptions. We assessed the historical accuracy of management’s estimates and performed sensitivity analyses of significant assumptions to evaluate the changes in the fair value of the reporting units that would result from changes in the underlying assumptions. In addition, we evaluated the reconciliation of the fair value of the reporting units to the market capitalization of the Company.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.
Stamford, Connecticut
May 20, 2020
RBC Bearings Incorporated
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
See accompanying notes.
RBC Bearings Incorporated
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
See accompanying notes.
RBC Bearings Incorporated
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(dollars in thousands)
(1)These adjustments were net of a tax benefit of $262, tax expense of $101 and tax expense of $415 in fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
See accompanying notes.
RBC Bearings Incorporated
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(dollars in thousands)
See accompanying notes.
RBC Bearings Incorporated
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(dollars in thousands)
See accompanying notes.
RBC Bearings Incorporated
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
1. Organization and Business
RBC Bearings Incorporated, together with its subsidiaries, is an international manufacturer and marketer of highly engineered precision bearings and products, which are integral to the manufacture and operation of most machines, aircraft and mechanical systems, to reduce wear to moving parts, facilitate proper power transmission, reduce damage and energy loss caused by friction and control pressure and flow. The terms “we”, “us”, “our”, “RBC” and the “Company” mean RBC Bearings Incorporated and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates another meaning. While we manufacture products in all major categories, we focus primarily on highly technical or regulated bearing products and engineered products for specialized markets that require sophisticated design, testing and manufacturing capabilities. We believe our unique expertise has enabled us to garner leading positions in many of the product markets in which we primarily compete. Over the past fifteen years, we have broadened our end markets, products, customer base and geographic reach. We currently have 42 facilities in 7 countries, of which 33 are manufacturing facilities.
The Company operates in four reportable business segments-roller bearings, plain bearings, ball bearings and engineered products-in which it manufactures roller bearing components and assembled parts and designs and manufactures high-precision roller and ball bearings. The Company sells to a wide variety of original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and distributors who are widely dispersed geographically. No one customer accounted for more than 9% of the Company’s net sales in fiscal 2020, 2019 or 2018. The Company’s segments are further discussed in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplemental Data,” Note 19 “Reportable Segments.”
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
General
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RBC Bearings Incorporated, Roller Bearing Company of America, Inc. (“RBCA”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Industrial Tectonics Bearings Corporation (“ITB”), RBC Nice Bearings, Inc. (“Nice”), RBC Precision Products - Bremen, Inc. (“Bremen (MBC)”), RBC Precision Products - Plymouth, Inc. (“Plymouth”), RBC Lubron Bearing Systems, Inc. (“Lubron”), RBC Oklahoma, Inc. (“RBC Oklahoma”), RBC Aircraft Products, Inc. (“API”), RBC Southwest Products, Inc. (“SWP”), All Power Manufacturing Co. (“All Power”), RBC Aerostructures LLC (“AeroS”), Western Precision Aero LLC (“WPA”), Climax Metal Products Company (“CMP”), RBC Turbine Components LLC (“TCI”), Sonic Industries, Inc. (“Sonic”), Sargent Aerospace and Defense LLC (“Sargent”), Airtomic LLC. (“Airtomic”), Schaublin Holding S.A. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries Schaublin SA, RBC Bearings Polska sp. Z.o.o., RBC France SAS, Vianel Holding AG, Beck Bühler Mutschler Capital AG, Bär und Mettler AG, MBM Monstein Bär Mettler Modulare Werkzeugsysteme AG, Swiss Tool Systems AG - Switzerland and Schaublin GmbH (“Schaublin”), RBC de Mexico S DE RL DE CV (“Mexico”), RBC Bearings U.K. Limited, Allpower de Mexico S DE RL DE CV (“Tecate”) and RBC Bearings Canada, Inc. Divisions of RBCA include: RBC Corporate, RBC E-Shop, RBC Aerospace sales office and warehouse, Transport Dynamics (“TDC”), Heim (“Heim Bearings Company”), Engineered Components (“ECD”), RBC Aerocomponents (“AeroC”), PIC Design (“PIC Design”), RBC Hartsville, RBC West Trenton, RBC Bishopsville, RBC Eastern Distribution Center, Shanghai Representative office of Roller Bearing Company of America, Inc. (“RBC Shanghai”) and RBC Grand Prarie TX location. U.S. Bearings (“USB”) is a division of SWP and Schaublin USA is a division of Nice. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Company has a fiscal year consisting of 52 or 53 weeks, ending on the Saturday closest to March 31. Based on this policy, fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018 each contained 52 weeks. The amounts are shown in thousands, unless otherwise indicated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, the accounting for the allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of inventories, accrued expenses, goodwill and intangible assets, depreciation and amortization, income taxes and tax reserves, pension and postretirement obligations and the valuation of options.
Revenue Recognition
A contract with a customer exists when there is commitment and approval from both parties involved, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are defined, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company has determined that the contract with the customer is established when the customer purchase order is accepted or acknowledged. Long-term agreements (LTAs) are used by the Company and certain of its customers to reduce their supply uncertainty for a period of time, typically multiple years. While these LTAs define commercial terms including pricing, termination rights and other contractual requirements, they do not represent the contract with the customer for revenue recognition purposes.
When the Company accepts or acknowledges the customer purchase order, the type of good or service is defined on a line-by-line basis. Individual performance obligations are established by virtue of the individual line items identified on the sales order acknowledgment at the time of issuance. The majority of the Company’s revenue relates to the sale of goods and contains a single performance obligation for each distinct good. The remainder of the Company’s revenue from customers is generated from services performed. These services include repair and refurbishment work performed on customer-controlled assets as well as design and test work. The performance obligations for these services are also identified on the sales order acknowledgement at the time of issuance on a line-by-line basis.
Transaction price reflects the amount of consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferred goods or services. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognized as the performance obligation is satisfied. For the majority of our contracts, the Company either provides distinct goods or services. Where both distinct goods and services are provided, we separate the contract into more than one performance obligation (i.e., a good or service is individually listed in a contract or sold individually to a customer). The Company generally sells products and services with observable standalone selling prices.
The performance obligations for the majority of RBC’s product sales are satisfied at the point in time in which the products are shipped, consistent with the pattern of revenue recognition under the previous accounting standard. The Company has determined that the customer obtains control upon shipment of the product based on the shipping terms (either when it ships from RBC’s dock or when the product arrives at the customer’s dock) and recognizes revenue accordingly. Once a product has shipped, the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the asset. Approximately 95% and 94% of the Company’s revenue was recognized in this manner based on sales for the years ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively.
The Company has determined performance obligations are satisfied over time for customer contracts where RBC provides services to customers and also for a limited number of product sales. RBC has determined revenue recognition over time is appropriate for our service revenue contracts as they create or enhance an asset that the customer controls throughout the duration of the contract. Approximately 5% and 6% of the Company’s revenue was recognized in this manner based on sales for the years ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively. Revenue recognition over time is appropriate for customer contracts with product sales in which the product sold has no alternative use to RBC without significant economic loss and an enforceable right to payment exists, including a normal profit margin from the customer, in the event of contract termination. These types of contracts comprised less than 1% of total sales for the years ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively. For both of these types of contracts, revenue is recognized over time based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company utilizes the cost-to-cost measure of progress for over-time revenue recognition contracts as we believe this measure best depicts the transfer of control to the customer, which occurs as we incur costs on contracts. Revenues, including profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Costs to fulfill include labor, materials, subcontractors’ costs, and other direct and indirect costs.
Contract costs are the incremental costs of obtaining and fulfilling a contract (i.e., costs that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained) to provide goods and services to customers. Contract costs largely consist of design and development costs for molds, dies and other tools that RBC will own and that will be used in producing the products under the supply arrangements. These contract costs are amortized to expense on a systematic and rational basis over a period consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the asset relates. Costs incurred to obtain a contract are primarily related to sales commissions and are expensed as incurred as they are generally not tied to specific customer contracts. These costs are included within selling, general and administrative costs on the consolidated statements of operations.
In certain contracts, the Company facilitates shipping and handling activities after control has transferred to the customer. The Company has elected to record all shipping and handling activities as costs to fulfill a contract. In situations where the shipping and handling costs have not been incurred at the time revenue is recognized, the estimated shipping and handling costs are accrued.
Prior to the adoption of ASC Topic 606, the Company recognized revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 605. Our accounting policy was as follows:
The Company recognizes revenue only after the following four basic criteria are met:
●Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;
●Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered;
●The seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and
●Collectability is reasonably assured.
Revenue is recognized upon the passage of title, which generally is at the time of shipment, except for certain customers for which it occurs when the products reach their destination. Accounts receivable, net of applicable allowances, is recorded when revenue is recorded.
We also on occasion record deferred revenue on our balance sheet as a liability. Deferred revenue represents progress payments received, primarily from one customer, to cover purchases of raw materials per the terms of multi-year long-term contracts. Revenue associated with these agreements is recognized in accordance with the criteria discussed above.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash accounts primarily with Bank of America, N.A., Credit Suisse Group AG and Wells Fargo & Company. The domestic balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Company up to $250. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.
Accounts Receivable, Net and Concentration of Credit Risk
Accounts receivable include amounts billed and currently due from customers. The amounts due are stated at their estimated net realizable value. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company reviews the collectability of its receivables on an ongoing basis taking into account a combination of factors. The Company reviews potential problems, such as past due accounts, a bankruptcy filing or deterioration in the customer’s financial condition, to ensure the Company is adequately accrued for potential loss. Accounts are considered past due based on when payment was originally due. If a customer’s situation changes, such as a bankruptcy or creditworthiness, or there is a change in the current economic climate, the Company may modify its estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company will write-off accounts receivable after reasonable collection efforts have been made and the accounts are deemed uncollectible.
The Company sells to a large number of OEMs and distributors who service the aftermarket. The Company’s credit risk associated with accounts receivable is minimized due to its customer base and wide geographic dispersion. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral or charge interest on outstanding amounts. The Company had no concentrations of credit risk with any one customer greater than approximately 7% of accounts receivables at March 28, 2020 and 7% at March 30, 2019.
Inventory
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out method. The Company accounts for inventory under a full absorption method, and records adjustments to the value of inventory based upon past sales history and forecasted plans to sell our inventories. The physical condition, including age and quality, of the inventories is also considered in establishing its valuation. These adjustments are estimates, which could vary significantly, either favorably or unfavorably, from actual requirements if future economic conditions, customer inventory levels or competitive conditions differ from our expectations.
Contract Assets (Unbilled Receivables)
Pursuant to the over-time revenue recognition model, revenue may be recognized prior to the customer being invoiced. An unbilled receivable is recorded to reflect revenue that is recognized when (1) the cost-to-cost method is applied and (2) such revenue exceeds the amount invoiced to the customer. Contract assets are included within prepaid expenses and other current assets or other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment, including equipment under finance leases (capital leases prior to the adoption of ASC 842), is provided for by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets or the lease term, if shorter. Depreciation of assets under capital leases is reported within depreciation and amortization. The cost of equipment under finance leases is equal to the lower of the net present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair market value of the leased equipment at the inception of the lease. Expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
The estimated useful lives of the Company’s property, plant and equipment follows:
Buildings and improvements 20-30 years
Machinery and equipment 3-15 years
Leasehold improvements Shorter of the term of lease or estimated useful life
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Goodwill (representing the excess of the amount paid to acquire a company over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired) and indefinite lived intangible assets are not amortized but instead are tested for impairment annually, or when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such asset may not be recoverable. Separate tests are performed for goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets. We completed a quantitative test of impairment on the indefinite lived intangible assets with no impairment noted in the current year. The determination of any goodwill impairment is made at the reporting unit level and consists of two steps. First, the Company determines the fair value of a reporting unit and compares it to its carrying amount. Second, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the goodwill’s implied fair value. The Company applies the income approach (discounted cash flow method) in testing goodwill for impairment. The key assumptions used in the discounted cash flow method used to estimate fair value include discount rates, revenue growth rates, terminal growth rates and cash flow projections. Discount rates, revenue growth rates and cash flow projections are the most sensitive and susceptible to change as they require significant management judgment. Discount rates are determined by using a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”). The WACC considers market and industry data as well as Company-specific risk factors for each reporting unit in determining the appropriate discount rate to be used. The discount rate utilized for each reporting unit for our fiscal 2020 test was 10.0% and is indicative of the return an investor would expect to receive for investing in such a business. Terminal growth rate determination follows common methodology of capturing the present value of perpetual cash flow estimates beyond the last projected period assuming a constant WACC and long-term growth rates. The terminal growth rate used for our fiscal 2020 test was 2.5%. The Company has determined that, to date, no impairment of goodwill exists and fair value of the reporting units exceeded the carrying value in total by approximately 140.5%. The fair value of the reporting units exceeds the carrying value by a minimum of 44.8% at each of the four reporting units. A decrease of 1.0% in our terminal growth rate would not result in impairment of goodwill for any of our reporting units. An increase of 1.0% in our discount rate would not result in impairment of goodwill for any of our reporting units. The Company performs the annual impairment testing during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. Although no changes are expected, if the actual results of the Company are less favorable than the assumptions the Company makes regarding estimated cash flows, the Company may be required to record an impairment charge in the future.
Deferred Financing Costs
Deferred financing costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the related credit agreements.
Contract Liabilities (Deferred Revenue)
The Company may receive a customer advance or deposit, or have an unconditional right to receive a customer advance, prior to revenue being recognized. Since the performance obligations related to such advances may not have been satisfied, a contract liability is established. Contract liabilities are included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities or other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets until the respective revenue is recognized. Advance payments are not considered a significant financing component as the timing of the transfer of the related goods or services is at the discretion of the customer.
Pension and Postretirement Health Care and Life Insurance Benefits
The Company has one consolidated noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering union employees in its Heim division plant in Fairfield, Connecticut, its Plymouth subsidiary plant in Plymouth, Indiana and former union employees of the Tyson subsidiary in Glasgow, Kentucky and the Nice subsidiary in Kulpsville, Pennsylvania. The pension plan is overfunded as of March 28, 2020 and is included within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company, for the benefit of employees at its Heim, West Trenton, Plymouth and PIC facilities and former union employees of its Tyson and Nice subsidiaries, sponsors contributory defined benefit health care plans that provide postretirement medical and life insurance benefits to union employees who have attained certain age and/or service requirements while employed by the Company. The plans are unfunded and costs are paid as incurred. Postretirement benefit obligations are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
We calculate our pension costs as required under U.S. GAAP, and the calculations and assumptions utilized require judgment. U.S. GAAP outlines the methodology used to determine pension expense or income for financial reporting purposes. Pension expense is split between operating income and non-operating income, where only the service cost component is included in operating income (within cost of sales and other, net on the consolidated statements of operations) and the non-service components are included in retirement benefits non-service expense (within other non-operating expense on the consolidated statements of operations). For purposes of determining retirement benefits non-service expense under U.S. GAAP, a calculated “market-related value” of our plan assets is used to develop the amount of deferred asset gains or losses to be amortized. The market-related value of assets is determined using actual asset gains or losses over a three-year period. Under U.S. GAAP, a “corridor” approach may be elected and applied in the recognition of asset and liability gains or losses which limits expense recognition to the net outstanding gains and losses in excess of the greater of 10% of the projected benefit obligation (PBO) or the calculated “market-related value” of assets. We do not use a “corridor” approach in the calculation of pension expense.
We recognize the funded status of a postretirement benefit plan (defined benefit pension and other benefits) as an asset or liability in our consolidated balance sheets. Funded status represents the difference between the PBO of the plan and the market value of the plan’s assets. Previously unrecognized deferred amounts such as demographic or asset gains or losses and the impact of historical plan changes are included in accumulated other comprehensive income/loss. Changes in these amounts in future years will be reflected through accumulated other comprehensive income/loss and amortized in future pension expense generally over the estimated average remaining employee service period.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method, which requires it to recognize a current tax liability or asset for current taxes payable or refundable and a deferred tax liability or asset for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities to the extent that they are realizable. Deferred tax expense (benefit) results from the net change in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company is exposed to certain tax contingencies in the ordinary course of business and records those tax liabilities in accordance with the guidance for accounting for uncertain tax positions.
Temporary differences relate primarily to the timing of deductions for depreciation, stock-based compensation, goodwill amortization relating to the acquisition of operating divisions, basis differences arising from acquisition accounting, pension and retirement benefits, and various accrued and prepaid expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded at the rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences are expected to reverse.
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding.
Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents then outstanding using the treasury stock method. Common share equivalents consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options.
The table below reflects the calculation of weighted-average shares outstanding for each year presented as well as the computation of basic and diluted net income per common share:
At March 28, 2020, 350,540 employee stock options and 1,350 restricted shares have been excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. At March 30, 2019, 256,990 employee stock options and 1,500 restricted shares have been excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. At March 31, 2018, 217,280 employee stock options and 53,073 restricted shares have been excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. The inclusion of these employee stock options and restricted shares would be anti-dilutive.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company assesses the net realizable value of its long-lived assets and evaluates such assets for impairment whenever indicators of impairment are present. For amortizable long-lived assets to be held and used, if indicators of impairment are present, management determines whether the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount. The amount of asset impairment, if any, is based on the excess of the carrying amount over its fair value, which is estimated based on projected discounted future operating cash flows using a discount rate reflecting the Company’s average cost of funds. To date, no indicators of impairment exist other than those resulting in the restructuring charges already recorded.
Long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale or other means are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
Assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Results of operations are translated using the average exchange rate prevailing throughout the period. The effects of exchange rate fluctuations on translating foreign currency assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), while gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in other non-operating expense (income). Net income of the Company’s foreign operations for fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018 amounted to $3,526, $7,180 and $776, respectively. Total assets of the Company’s foreign operations were $159,039 and $115,789 at March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively.
Fair Value of Measurements
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). Inputs used to measure fair value are within a hierarchy consisting of three levels. Level 1 inputs represent unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs represent unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability. Level 3 inputs represent unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, prepaids and other current assets, and accounts payable and accruals, and other current liabilities approximate their fair value due to their short-term nature.
The carrying amounts of the Company’s borrowings under the Revolver, Foreign Revolver and Foreign Term Loan approximate fair value, as these obligations have interest rates which vary in conjunction with current market conditions. The carrying value of the mortgage on our Schaublin building approximates fair value as the rates since entering into the mortgage in fiscal 2013 have not significantly changed. All borrowings have been classified as Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of comprehensive income (loss) that relate to the Company are net income, foreign currency translation adjustments and pension plan and postretirement benefits, all of which are presented in the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss).
The following summarizes the activity within each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:
Share-Based Compensation
The Company recognizes compensation cost relating to all share-based payment transactions in the financial statements based upon the grant-date fair value of the instruments issued over the requisite service period. The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Standards Adopted
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The core principle of this ASU is that an entity should recognize on its balance sheet assets and liabilities arising from a lease. In accordance with that principle, ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a lease asset (right-of-use asset) representing its right to use the underlying leased asset for the lease term. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will depend on the lease classification as a finance or operating lease.
The Company adopted this accounting standard on March 31, 2019 and has elected the modified retrospective transition method, which permits the application of the new lease standard at the adoption date and recognition of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company has elected not to apply the recognition requirements to short-term leases, and will recognize the lease payments in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the lease term and variable payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. The Company has elected the following practical expedients (which must be elected as a package and applied consistently to all leases): an entity need not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; an entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and an entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company has also elected the practical expedient that permits the inclusion of lease and nonlease components as a single component and account for it as a lease; this election has been made for all asset classes. We also elected the hindsight practical expedient to determine the reasonably certain lease term for existing leases, which resulted in the extension of lease terms for certain existing leases.
The cumulative-effect of the changes made to the balance sheet on the first day of adoption resulted in the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities for operating lease commitments of $27,378. The adoption of this accounting standard had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, debt compliance or the captions on the consolidated statements of cash flows.
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at contract inception. For leases where the Company is the lessee, it recognizes lease assets and related lease liabilities at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The lease term is the noncancellable period for which a lessee has the right to use an underlying asset, including periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the lessee is reasonably certain not to exercise that option. For renewal options, the Company performs an assessment at commencement if it is reasonably likely to exercise the option. The assessment is based on the Company’s intentions, past practices, estimates and factors that create an economic incentive for the Company. Generally, the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise the renewal option in a lease contract, with the exception of some of our leased manufacturing facilities. While some of the Company’s leases include options allowing early termination of the lease, the Company historically has not terminated its lease agreements early unless there is an economic, financial or business reason to do so; therefore, the Company does not typically consider the termination option in its lease term at commencement.
Most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit interest rate. As a result, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.
Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense while the expense for finance leases is recognized as depreciation expense and interest expense using the accelerated interest method of recognition.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows companies to reclassify stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. These stranded tax effects refer to the tax amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income at the previous 35% U.S. corporate statutory federal tax rate, for which the related deferred tax asset or liability was remeasured to the new 21% U.S. corporate statutory federal tax rate in the period of the TCJA’s enactment. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and can be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period impacted by the TCJA. As a result of the Company’s adoption on March 31, 2019, the Company reclassified $1,289 from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings, both of which are components of total stockholders’ equity. The adoption of this accounting standard had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, debt compliance or the captions on the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Recent Accounting Standards Yet to Be Adopted
In September 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The new guidance will replace the current incurred loss approach with a new expected credit loss impairment model. The new model will apply to most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables, loans, held-to-maturity debt instruments, net investments in leases, loan commitments and standby letters of credit. Upon initial recognition of the exposure, the expected credit loss model will require entities to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures). The estimate of expected credit losses should consider historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments. Financial instruments with similar risk characteristics should be grouped together when estimating expected credit losses. ASU 2016-13 does not prescribe a specific method to make the estimate, so its application will require significant judgment. This ASU is effective for public companies in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this standard update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The objective of this standard update is to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under this ASU, an entity should perform its annual goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, assuming the loss recognized does not exceed the total amount of goodwill for the reporting unit. The standard update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The objective of this standard update is to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. This ASU also attempts to improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This standard update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Other new pronouncements issued but not effective until after March 28, 2020 are not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
3. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Disaggregation of Revenue
The Company operates in four business segments with similar economic characteristics, including nature of the products and production processes, distribution patterns and classes of customers. Revenue is disaggregated within these business segments by our two principal end markets: aerospace and industrial. Comparative information of the Company’s overall revenues for the years ended March 28, 2020, March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018 and are as follows:
Principal End Markets:
In addition to disaggregating revenue by segment and principal end markets, the Company believes information about the timing of transfer of goods or services, type of customer and distinguishing service revenue from product sales is also relevant. Refer to Note 2 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further details.
Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of orders meeting the definition of a contract in the new revenue standard for which work has not been performed or has been partially performed and excludes unexercised contract options. The duration of the majority of our contracts, as defined by ASC Topic 606, is less than one year. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient, which allows companies to exclude remaining performance obligations with an original expected duration of one year or less. Performance obligations having a duration of more than one year are concentrated in contracts for certain products and services provided to the U.S. government or its contractors. The aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for such contracts with a duration of more than one year was approximately $261,172 at March 28, 2020. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 72% and 95% of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 and 24 months, respectively, with the remainder recognized thereafter.
Contract Balances
The timing of revenue recognition, invoicing and cash collections affect accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets) and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the consolidated balance sheets.
Contract Assets (Unbilled Receivables) - Pursuant to the over-time revenue recognition model, revenue may be recognized prior to the customer being invoiced. An unbilled receivable is recorded to reflect revenue that is recognized when (1) the cost-to-cost method is applied and (2) such revenue exceeds the amount invoiced to the customer.
Contract Liabilities (Deferred Revenue) - The Company may receive a customer advance or deposit, or have an unconditional right to receive a customer advance, prior to revenue being recognized. Since the performance obligations related to such advances may not have been satisfied, a contract liability is established. Advance payments are not considered a significant financing component as the timing of the transfer of the related goods or services is at the discretion of the customer.
These assets and liabilities are reported on the consolidated balance sheets on an individual contract basis at the end of each reporting period. As of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, accounts receivable with customers, net, were $128,995 and $130,735, respectively. The tables below represent a roll-forward of contract assets and contract liabilities for the twelve-month period ended March 28, 2020:
(1)Included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. During fiscal 2020, the Company recognized revenues of $7,849 that were included in the contract liability balance at March 30, 2019.
(3)Included within other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
As of March 28, 2020, the Company does not have any contract assets classified as noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheets.
4. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts consists of the following:
*Foreign currency, disposition and acquisition transactions.
5. Inventory
Inventories are summarized below:
6. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:
7. Leases
The Company enters into operating leases for manufacturing facilities, warehouses, sales offices, information technology equipment, plant equipment, vehicles and certain other equipment with varying end dates from April 2020 to February 2038, including renewal options.
The following table represents the impact of leasing on the consolidated balance sheets:
The Company did not have any finance leases as of March 28, 2020. Cash paid included in the measurement of lease liabilities was $5,771 for the twelve-month period ended March 28, 2020. Lease assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities were $5,586 for the twelve-month period ended March 28, 2020.
Operating lease expense was $7,079, $7,172 and $7,161 for the twelve-month periods ended March 28, 2020, March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively. Short-term and variable lease expense were immaterial.
Future undiscounted lease payments for the remaining lease terms as of March 28, 2020, including renewal options reasonably certain of being exercised, are as follows:
The weighted-average remaining lease term on March 28, 2020 for our operating leases is 10.9 years. The weighted-average discount rate on March 28, 2020 for our operating leases is 4.8%.
8. Acquisitions
On August 15, 2019, the Company, through its Schaublin SA subsidiary, acquired all of the outstanding shares of Vianel Holding AG (“Swiss Tool”) for a purchase price of approximately $33,842 (CHF 33,000), subject to a working capital adjustment. Swiss Tool, which is based in Bürglen, Switzerland, owns Swiss Tool Systems AG and other subsidiaries which collectively develop and manufacture high precision boring and turning solutions for metal cutting machines under the Swiss Tool Systems name. The preliminary purchase price allocation is as follows: accounts receivable ($1,325), inventory ($5,963), other current assets ($586), fixed assets ($3,487), intangible assets ($13,236), operating lease assets ($2,851), other non-current assets ($154), accounts payable ($562), other current liabilities ($894), operating lease liabilities ($2,851), deferred tax liabilities ($3,411) and noncurrent liabilities ($2,085). Goodwill of $15,955, which resulted from the purchase price allocation, is not deductible for tax purposes and is subject to change pending a final valuation of the assets and liabilities, including intangible assets and deferred income taxes. Swiss Tool is included in the Engineered Products reporting segment.
9. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Goodwill balances, by segment, consist of the following:
(1)Includes the assets acquired as part of the Company’s acquisition of Vianel Holding AG (“Swiss Tool”) on August 15, 2019, which is discussed further in Note 8.
Intangible Assets
Amortization expense for definite-lived intangible assets during fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $9,612, $9,666 and $9,344, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:
10. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
The significant components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities are as follows:
11. Debt
Domestic Credit Facility
On January 31, 2019, the Company amended the 2015 credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent, Swingline Lender and Letter of Credit Issuer, and the other lenders party thereto (the “2015 Credit Agreement”). The 2015 Credit Agreement as so amended (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) now provides the Company with a $250,000 revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) in place of the revolver provided in the 2015 Credit Agreement. The Revolver expires on January 31, 2024. Debt issuance costs associated with the Amended Credit Agreement totaled $852 and will be amortized through January 31, 2024 along with the unamortized debt issuance costs remaining from the 2015 Credit Agreement.
Amounts outstanding under the Revolver generally bear interest at (a) a base rate determined by reference to the higher of (1) Wells Fargo’s prime lending rate, (2) the federal funds effective rate plus 1/2 of 1% and (3) the one-month LIBOR rate plus 1%, or (b) LIBOR plus a specified margin, depending on the type of borrowing being made. The applicable margin is based on the Company’s consolidated ratio of total net debt to consolidated EBITDA at each measurement date. Currently, the Company’s margin is 0.00% for base rate loans and 0.75% for LIBOR loans.
The Amended Credit Agreement requires the Company to comply with various covenants, including among other things, a financial covenant to maintain a ratio of consolidated net debt to adjusted EBITDA not greater than 3.50 to 1. The Amended Credit Agreement allows the Company to, among other things, make distributions to shareholders, repurchase its stock, incur other debt or liens, or acquire or dispose of assets provided that the Company complies with certain requirements and limitations of the Amended Credit Agreement. As of March 28, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.
The Company’s domestic subsidiaries have guaranteed the Company’s obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement. The Company’s obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement and the domestic subsidiaries’ guarantee are secured by a pledge of substantially all of the domestic assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries.
Approximately $3,850 of the Revolver is being utilized to provide letters of credit to secure the Company’s obligations relating to certain insurance programs. As of March 28, 2020, $1,517 in unamortized debt issuance costs remain. The Company has the ability to borrow up to an additional $246,150 under the Revolver as of March 28, 2020.	
Foreign Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility
On August 15, 2019, one of our foreign divisions, Schaublin SA (“Schaublin”), entered into two separate credit agreements (the “Schaublin Credit Agreements”) with Credit Suisse (Switzerland) Ltd. to (i) finance the acquisition of Swiss Tool, which is discussed in further detail in Note 8, and (ii) provide future working capital. The Schaublin Credit Agreements provided Schaublin with a CHF 15,000 (approximately $15,383) term loan (the “Foreign Term Loan”), which expires on July 31, 2024 and a CHF 15,000 (approximately $15,383) revolving credit facility (the “Foreign Revolver”), which continues in effect until terminated by either Schaublin or Credit Suisse. Debt issuance costs associated with the Schaublin Credit Agreements totaled CHF 270 (approximately $277) and will be amortized throughout the life of the credit agreements.
Amounts outstanding under the Foreign Term Loan and the Foreign Revolver generally bear interest at LIBOR plus a specified margin. The applicable margin is based on Schaublin’s ratio of total net debt to consolidated EBITDA at each measurement date. Currently, Schaublin’s margin is 2.00%.
The Foreign Credit Agreements require Schaublin to comply with various covenants, which are tested annually on March 31. These covenants include, among other things, a financial covenant to maintain a ratio of consolidated net debt to adjusted EBITDA not greater than 3.00 to 1 as of March 31, 2020 and not greater than 2.50 to 1 as of March 31, 2021 and thereafter. Schaublin is also required to maintain an economic equity of CHF 20,000 at all times. The Foreign Credit Agreements allow Schaublin to, among other things, incur other debt or liens and acquire or dispose of assets provided that Schaublin complies with certain requirements and limitations of the Foreign Credit Agreements. As of March 28, 2020, Schaublin was in compliance with all such covenants.
Schaublin’s parent company, Schaublin Holding, has guaranteed Schaublin’s obligations under the Foreign Credit Agreements. Schaublin Holding’s guaranty and the Foreign Credit Agreements are secured by a pledge of the capital stock of Schaublin. In addition, the Foreign Term Loan is secured with pledges of the capital stock of the top company and the three operating companies in the Swiss Tool System group of companies.
As of March 28, 2020, there was approximately $2,836 outstanding under the Foreign Revolver and approximately $15,757 outstanding under the Foreign Term Loan. As of March 28, 2020, approximately $170 in unamortized debt issuance costs remain. Schaublin has the ability to borrow up to an additional $12,921 under the Foreign Revolver as of March 28, 2020.
Schaublin’s required future annual principal payments for the next five years and thereafter are approximately $5,941 for fiscal 2021, approximately $3,151 for each year from fiscal 2022 through fiscal 2024 and approximately $3,199 for fiscal 2025.
Other Notes Payable
On October 1, 2012, Schaublin purchased the land and building that it occupied and had been leasing for approximately $14,910. Schaublin obtained a 20-year fixed-rate mortgage of approximately $9,857 at an interest rate of 2.9%. The balance of the purchase price of approximately $5,053 was paid from cash on hand. The balance on this mortgage as of March 28, 2020 was approximately $6,106.
The Company’s required future annual principal payments for the next five years are $488 for each year from fiscal 2021 through fiscal 2025 and $3,666 thereafter.
The balances payable under all borrowing facilities are as follows:
The current portion of long-term debt as of March 28, 2020 includes the current portion of the foreign term loan, foreign revolving credit facility and the Schaublin mortgage. The current portion of long-term debt as of March 30, 2019 includes the current portion of the Schaublin mortgage.
12. Other Non-Current Liabilities
The significant components of other non-current liabilities consist of:
13. Pension Plan
At March 28, 2020, the Company has one consolidated noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering union employees in its Heim division plant in Fairfield, Connecticut, its Plymouth subsidiary plant in Plymouth, Indiana and former union employees of the Tyson subsidiary in Glasgow, Kentucky and the Nice subsidiary in Kulpsville, Pennsylvania.
Plan assets are comprised primarily of equity and fixed income investments, as follows:
The fair value of the above investments is determined using quoted market prices of identical instruments. Therefore, the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy established by ASC 820 are classified as Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.
The following tables set forth the funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan and the amount recognized in the balance sheet at March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019:
Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost in 2021:
Benefits under the union plans are not a function of employees’ salaries; thus, the accumulated benefit obligation equals the projected benefit obligation.
The following table sets forth net periodic benefit cost of the Company’s plan for the three fiscal years in the period ended March 28, 2020:
The assumptions used in determining the net periodic benefit cost information are as follows:
The discount rates used in determining the funded status as of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 were 2.80% and 3.50%, respectively.
To determine the net periodic benefit costs in fiscal 2020, the Pri-2012 Private Retirement Plans Blue Collar Amount-Weighted Mortality Table, projected to the measurement date with Scale MP-2019, was used. To determine the net periodic benefit costs in fiscal 2019, the RP-2014 Adjusted to 2006 Blue Collar Mortality Table, projected to the measurement date with Scale MP-2018, was used. To determine the net periodic benefit costs in fiscal 2018, the RP-2014 Adjusted to 2006 Blue Collar Mortality Table, projected to the measurement date with Scale MP-2017, was used.
In developing the overall expected long-term return on plan assets assumption, a building block approach was used in which rates of return in excess of inflation were considered separately for equity securities and debt securities. The excess returns were weighted by the representative target allocation and added along with an appropriate rate of inflation to develop the overall expected long-term return on plan assets assumption. The Company’s long-term target allocation of plan assets is 70% equity and 30% fixed income investments.
The Company’s investment program objective is to achieve a rate of return on plan assets which will fund the plan liabilities and provide for required benefits while avoiding undue exposure to risk to the plan and increases in funding requirements.
The following benefit payments, which reflect future service as appropriate, are expected to be paid. The benefit payments are based on the same assumptions used to measure the Company’s benefit obligation at the end of fiscal 2020:
Although no contributions are required for fiscal 2021, the Company expects to make cash contributions in the $750 to $1,500 range.
Two of the Company’s foreign operations, Schaublin and Swiss Tool, sponsor pension plans for their approximately 149 and 46 employees, respectively, in conformance with Swiss pension law. The Schaublin plan is funded with an independent semi-autonomous collective provident foundation whereas the Swiss Tool plan is funded with a reputable Swiss insurer. Through the insurance contracts, Schaublin and Swiss Tool have effectively transferred all investment and mortality risk to the collective provident foundation and Swiss insurance company, respectively, which guarantees the federally mandated rate of return and the conversion rate at retirement for the BVG mandatory portion. Accordingly, the plans have no unfunded liability; the interest cost is exactly offset by the actual return. Thus, the net periodic pension cost is equal to the amount of annual premium paid by Schaublin and Swiss Tool, respectively. For fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018, Schaublin made contribution and premium payments equal to $872, $887 and $889, respectively. Swiss Tool made contribution and premium payments equal to $229 since being acquired in August 2019.
The Company also has defined contribution plans under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code for all of its employees not covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Employer contributions under this plan, ranging from 10%-100% of eligible amounts contributed by employees, amounted to $2,212, $1,889 and $1,714 in fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Effective September 1, 1996, the Company adopted a non-qualified Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) for a select group of senior management employees. The SERP allowed eligible employees to elect to defer, until termination of their employment, the receipt of up to 25% of their salary. In August 2008, the plan was modified, allowing eligible employees to elect to defer up to 75% of their current salary and up to 100% of bonus compensation. Employer contributions under this plan equal the lesser of 25% of the deferrals, or 1.75% of the employee’s annual salary, which vest in full after one year of service following the effective date of the SERP. Employer contributions under this plan amounted to $289, $312 and $271 in fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
14. Postretirement Health Care and Life Insurance Benefits
The Company, for the benefit of employees at its Heim, West Trenton, Plymouth and PIC facilities and former union employees of its Tyson and Nice subsidiaries, sponsors contributory defined benefit health care plans that provide postretirement medical and life insurance benefits to union employees who have attained certain age and/or service requirements while employed by the Company. The plans are unfunded and costs are paid as incurred. Postretirement benefit obligations are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
The following table set forth the funded status of the Company’s postretirement benefit plans, the amount recognized in the balance sheet at March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019:
Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost in 2021:
The Company measures its plans as of the last day of the fiscal year.
The plans contractually limit the benefit to be provided for certain groups of current and future retirees. As a result, there is no health care trend associated with these groups. The discount rate used in determining the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation was 2.80% at March 28, 2020 and 3.50% at March 30, 2019. The discount rate used in determining the net periodic benefit cost was 3.50% for fiscal 2020, 3.70% for fiscal 2019, and 3.70% for fiscal 2018. To determine the postretirement net periodic benefit costs in fiscal 2020, the Pri-2012 Private Retirement Plans Blue Collar Amount Weighted Mortality Table, projected to the measurement date with Scale MP-2019, was used. To determine the postretirement net periodic benefit costs in fiscal 2019, the RP-2014 Adjusted to 2006 Blue Collar Mortality Table, projected to the measurement date with Scale MP-2018, was used. To determine the postretirement net periodic benefit costs in fiscal 2018, the RP-2014 Adjusted to 2006 Blue Collar Mortality Table, projected to the measurement date with Scale MP-2017, was used.
The following benefit payments, which reflect future service as appropriate, are expected to be paid. The benefit payments are based on the same assumptions used to measure the Company’s benefit obligation at the end of fiscal 2020:
15. Income Taxes
Income before income taxes for the Company’s domestic and foreign operations is as follows:
The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted significant changes to the U.S. tax law following the passage and signing of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA” or the “Act”). The legislation significantly changes U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, implementing a territorial tax system and imposing a one-time repatriation tax on undistributed foreign earnings. The Act permanently reduces the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The primary impacts of the TCJA reflected in the consolidated financial statements relate to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from the change in the corporate rate and a one-time mandatory transition tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. The SEC provided guidance that allows the Company to record provisional amounts if the accounting assessment is incomplete for impacts of the Act, with the requirement that the accounting be finalized in a period not to exceed one year from the date of enactment. As of December 22, 2018, the Company has completed the accounting for the tax effects of the Act and there have been no material changes to previously recorded amounts.
No additional income tax provision has been made on any remaining undistributed foreign earnings not subject to the one-time net charge related to the taxation of unremitted foreign earnings or any additional outside basis difference as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.
One of the international tax law changes provided for with TCJA relates to the taxation of a corporation’s global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The Company has evaluated this provision of TCJA and the application of ASC 740, and does not believe that GILTI will have a significant impact.
An additional tax law change provided under TCJA introduced new rules for the treatment of certain foreign income, including foreign derived intangible income (FDII) for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The Company has evaluated this provision of TCJA and believes that FDII results in a favorable impact on the application of ASC 740.
In addition to the impact of a full fiscal year with a lower U.S. federal statutory rate, the Company recorded a net tax benefit of $1,651 in fiscal 2019 resulting from the Act.
An analysis of the difference between the provision for income taxes and the amount computed by applying the U.S. statutory income tax rate to pre-tax income follows:
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) are comprised of the following:
The Company evaluates deferred tax assets to ensure that the estimated future taxable income will be sufficient in character (i.e. capital versus ordinary income treatment), amount and timing to result in their recovery. After considering the positive and negative evidence, a valuation allowance has been recorded on foreign tax credits and on certain state credits and state net operating losses as it is more likely than not (i.e. greater than a 50% likelihood) that these items will not be utilized. For the Company’s fiscal year ended March 28, 2020 the valuation allowance increased by $607 which pertained to an increase of U.S. federal and state credits. For the Company’s fiscal year ended March 30, 2019 the valuation allowance increased by $1,325 which pertained to an increase of U.S. federal and state credits. These valuation allowances are required because management has determined, based on financial projections and available tax strategies, that it is unlikely the net operating losses and credits will be utilized before they expire. If events or circumstances change, valuation allowances are adjusted at that time resulting in an income tax benefit or charge.
At March 28, 2020, the Company has state net operating losses in different jurisdictions at varying amounts up to $7,332, which expire at various dates through 2036. At March 28, 2020, the Company has U.S. federal and state credits in different jurisdictions at varying amounts up to $6,414 which will expire at various dates through 2035. At March 28, 2020, the Company has foreign credits in different jurisdictions at varying amounts up to $936 which will expire at various dates through 2037.
The TCJA required a mandatory deemed repatriation of certain undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017. If the earnings were distributed in the form of cash dividends, the Company would not be subject to additional U.S. income taxes but could be subject to foreign income and withholding taxes. Under accounting standards (ASC 740) a deferred tax liability is not recorded for the excess of the tax basis over the financial reporting (book) basis of an investment in a foreign subsidiary if the indefinite reinvestment criteria is met. A provision has not been made for additional U.S. and foreign taxes at March 28, 2020 on approximately $19,408 of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries because the Company intends to reinvest these funds indefinitely to support foreign growth opportunities. It is not practicable to estimate the unrecognized deferred tax liability on these undistributed earnings. These earnings could become subject to additional tax under certain circumstances including, but not limited to, loans to the Company, or upon sale or pledging of the subsidiary’s stock.
Uncertain Tax Positions
Unrecognized income tax benefits represent income tax positions taken on income tax returns but not yet recognized in the consolidated financial statements. If recognized, substantially all of the unrecognized tax benefits for the Company’s fiscal years ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 would affect the effective income tax rate.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
The Company recognizes the interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company recognized expense of $213, $45 and $284 of interest and penalties on its statement of operations for the fiscal years ended March 28, 2020, March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018 respectively. The Company has approximately $1,406 and $1,193 of accrued interest and penalties at March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively.
The Company believes it is reasonably possible that some of its unrecognized tax positions may be effectively settled by the end of the Company’s fiscal year ending April 3, 2021 due to the closing of audits and the statute of limitations expiring in varying jurisdictions. The decrease, pertaining primarily to federal and state credits and state tax, is estimated to be $1,463.
The Company files income tax returns in numerous U.S. and foreign jurisdictions, with returns subject to examination for varying periods, but generally back to and including the year ending April 2, 2005. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal tax examination by the Internal Revenue Service for years ending before April 1, 2017.
16. Stockholders’ Equity
Long-Term Equity Incentive Plans
Long-Term Incentive Plan
The 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan provides for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and performance awards. Directors, officers and other employees and persons who engage in services for the Company are eligible for grants under the Plan. The purpose of the Plan is to provide these individuals with incentives to maximize stockholder value and otherwise contribute to the Company’s success and to enable the Company to attract, retain and reward the best available persons for positions of responsibility.
1,139,170 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under the Plan, subject to adjustment in the event of a reorganization, stock split, merger or similar change in the Company’s corporate structure or in the outstanding shares of common stock. An amendment to increase the number of shares available for issuance under the 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan from 1,139,170 to 1,639,170 was approved by shareholder vote in September 2006. A further amendment to increase the number of shares available for issuance under the 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan from 1,639,170 to 2,239,170 was approved by shareholder vote in September 2007. A further amendment to increase the number of shares available for issuance under the 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan from 2,239,170 to 2,939,170 was approved by shareholder vote in September, 2010. The 2005 Stock Option Plan has been terminated and no additional stock options or restricted stock will be granted pursuant to the Plan. The Company’s Board also has the authority to administer the Plan and to take all actions that the Compensation Committee is otherwise authorized to take under the Plan. The terms and conditions of each award made under the Plan, including vesting requirements, is set forth consistent with the Plan in a written agreement with the grantee.
Long-Term Incentive Plan
The 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan provides for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and performance awards. The purpose of the Plan is to provide our directors, officers and other employees and persons who engage in services for us with incentives to maximize stockholder value and otherwise contribute to our success and to enable us to attract, retain and reward the best available persons for positions of responsibility.
1,500,000 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under the Plan, subject to adjustment in the event of a reorganization, stock split, merger or similar change in the Company’s corporate structure or in the outstanding shares of common stock. The Company may grant shares of restricted stock to its employees and directors in the future under the Plan. The Company’s Compensation Committee will administer the Plan. The Company’s Board also has the authority to administer the Plan and to take all actions that the Compensation Committee is otherwise authorized to take under the Plan. The terms and conditions of each award made under the Plan, including vesting requirements, is set forth consistent with the Plan in a written agreement with the grantee.
Long-Term Incentive Plan
The 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan provides for grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and performance awards. Directors, officers and other employees and persons who engage in services for the Company are eligible for grants under the Plan. The purpose of the Plan is to provide these individuals with incentives to maximize stockholder value and otherwise contribute to the Company’s success and to enable the Company to attract, retain and reward the best available persons for positions of responsibility.
1,500,000 shares of common stock were authorized for issuance under the Plan, subject to adjustment in the event of a reorganization, stock split, merger or similar change in the Company’s corporate structure or in the outstanding shares of common stock. The Company may grant shares of restricted stock to its employees and directors in the future under the Plan. The Company’s Compensation Committee will administer the Plan. The Company’s Board also has the authority to administer the Plan and to take all actions that the Compensation Committee is otherwise authorized to take under the Plan. The terms and conditions of each award made under the Plan, including vesting requirements, is set forth consistent with the Plan in a written agreement with the grantee.
Stock Options. Under the 2013 and 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plans, the Compensation Committee or the Board may approve the award of grants of incentive stock options and other non-qualified stock options. The Compensation Committee also has the authority to approve the grant of options that will become fully vested and exercisable automatically upon a change in control. The Compensation Committee may not, however, approve an award to any one person in any calendar year for options to purchase common stock equal to more than 10% of the total number of shares authorized under the Plan, and it may not approve an award of incentive options first exercisable in any calendar year whose underlying shares have a fair market value greater than $100 determined at the time of grant. The Compensation Committee will approve the exercise price and term of any option in its discretion; however, the exercise price may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant. Under the 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan, any incentive stock option must be exercised within 10 years of the date of grant. Under the 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan, any incentive stock option must be exercised within 7 years of the date of grant. Under the 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan, any incentive stock option must be exercised within 7 years of the date of grant. Under all three Plans, the exercise price of an incentive option awarded to a person who owns stock constituting more than 10% of the Company’s voting power may not be less than 110% of such fair market value on such date and the option must be exercised within five years of the date of grant. As of March 28, 2020, there were outstanding options to purchase 4,200 shares of common stock granted under the 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan, all of which were exercisable. There were 365,828 outstanding options to purchase shares of common stock granted under the 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan, 117,452 of which were exercisable. There were 343,883 outstanding options to purchase shares of common stock granted under the 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan, 32,391 of which were exercisable.
Restricted Stock. Under the 2013 and 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plans, the Compensation Committee may approve the award of restricted stock subject to the conditions and restrictions, and for the duration that it determines in its discretion. Under the 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan, the number of shares that may be used for restricted stock or restricted unit grants under the Plan may not exceed fifty percent (50%) of the total authorized number of Shares pursuant to the Plan. As of March 28, 2020, there were 155,298 and 133,412 shares of restricted stock outstanding under the 2013 and 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plans, respectively. There were no shares of restricted stock outstanding under the 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan as of March 28, 2020.
Stock Appreciation Rights. The Compensation Committee may approve the grant of stock appreciation rights, or SARs, subject to the terms and conditions contained in the Plan. Under the 2013 and 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plans, the exercise price of a SAR must equal the fair market value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date the SAR was granted. Upon exercise of a SAR, the grantee will receive an amount in shares of our common stock equal to the difference between the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of exercise and the exercise price of the SAR, multiplied by the number of shares as to which the SAR is exercised. There were no SARs issued or outstanding under the 2005, 2013 or 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plans as of March 28, 2020.
Performance Awards. The Compensation Committee may approve the grant of performance awards contingent upon achievement by the grantee or by the Company, of set goals and objectives regarding specified performance criteria, over a specified performance cycle. Awards may include specific dollar-value target awards, performance units, the value of which is established at the time of grant, and/or performance shares, the value of which is equal to the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant. The value of a performance award may be fixed or fluctuate on the basis of specified performance criteria. A performance award may be paid out in cash and/or shares of common stock or other securities. There were no performance awards issued or outstanding under the 2005, 2013 or 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plans as of March 28, 2020.
Amendment and Termination of the Plan. The Board may amend or terminate the 2013 and 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plans at its discretion, except that no amendment will become effective without prior approval of the Company’s stockholders if such approval is necessary for continued compliance with the performance-based compensation exception of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code or any stock exchange listing requirements. The 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan terminated on the tenth anniversary of its adoption. Subject to the provisions of an Award Agreement, which may be more restrictive, no termination of the Plan shall materially and adversely affect any of the rights or obligations of any person, without his or her written consent, under any grant of options or other incentives theretofore granted under the Plan.
A summary of the status of the Company’s stock options outstanding as of March 28, 2020 and changes during the year then ended is presented below. All cashless exercises of options and warrants are handled through an independent broker.
The fair value for the Company’s options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions, which are updated to reflect current expectations of the dividend yield, expected life, risk-free interest rate and using historical volatility to project expected volatility:
The weighted average fair value per share of options granted was $39.34 in fiscal 2020, $37.02 in fiscal 2019 and $26.73 in fiscal 2018.
The Company recorded $4,146 (net of taxes of $1,263) in compensation in fiscal 2020 related to option awards. As of March 28, 2020, there was $14,160 of unrecognized compensation costs related to options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.3 years. The total intrinsic value of options exercised in fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $15,273, $26,060 and $16,002, respectively.
Of the total awards outstanding at March 28, 2020, 704,048 are either fully vested or are expected to vest. These shares have a weighted average exercise price of $111.20, an intrinsic value of $9,222 and a weighted average contractual term of 4.5 years.
A summary of the status of the Company’s restricted stock outstanding as of March 28, 2020 and the changes during the year then ended is presented below.
The Company recorded $11,299 (net of taxes of $3,442) in compensation in fiscal 2020 related to restricted stock awards. These awards were valued at the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of issuance and are being amortized as expense over the applicable vesting period. The total fair value of restricted stock awards that vested during fiscal 2020, 2019, and 2018 was $19,916, $15,819, and $13,713, respectively. Unrecognized expense for restricted stock was $26,754 at March 28, 2020. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.4 years.
17. Commitments and Contingencies
As of March 28, 2020, approximately 7.5% of the Company’s hourly employees in the U.S. and abroad were represented by labor unions.
The Company enters into government contracts and subcontracts that are subject to audit by the government. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the results of such audits, if any, are not expected to have a material impact on the cash flows, financial condition or results of operations of the Company.
For fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, there were no audits by the government, the results of which, in the opinion of the Company’s management, had a material impact on the cash flows, financial condition or results of operations of the Company.
The Company is subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, including those governing discharges of pollutants into the air and water, the storage, handling and disposal of wastes and the health and safety of employees. The Company also may be liable under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act or similar state laws for the costs of investigation and cleanup of contamination at facilities currently or formerly owned or operated by the Company, or at other facilities at which the Company may have disposed of hazardous substances. In connection with such contamination, the Company may also be liable for natural resource damages, government penalties and claims by third parties for personal injury and property damage. Agencies responsible for enforcing these laws have authority to impose significant civil or criminal penalties for non-compliance. The Company believes it is currently in material compliance with all applicable requirements of environmental laws. The Company does not anticipate material capital expenditures for environmental compliance in fiscal years 2021 or 2022.
Investigation and remediation of contamination is ongoing at some of the Company’s sites. In particular, state agencies have been overseeing groundwater monitoring activities at the Company’s facility in Hartsville, South Carolina and a corrective action plan at the Company’s property in Clayton, Georgia. At Hartsville, the Company is monitoring low levels of contaminants in the groundwater caused by former operations. Plans are currently underway to conclude remediation and monitoring activities. In connection with the purchase of the Fairfield, Connecticut facility in 1996, the Company agreed to assume responsibility for completing clean-up efforts previously initiated by the prior owner. The Company submitted data to the state that the Company believes demonstrates that no further remedial action is necessary, although the state may require additional clean-up or monitoring. In connection with the purchase of the Company’s Clayton, Georgia property, the Company agreed to take assignment of the hazardous waste permit covering such facility and to assume certain responsibilities to implement a corrective action plan concerning the remediation of certain soil and groundwater contamination present at that facility. The corrective action plan is ongoing. Although there can be no assurance, the Company does not expect the costs associated with the above sites to be material.
From time to time, we are involved in litigation and administrative proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of our business. We do not believe that any litigation or proceeding in which we are currently involved, either individually or in the aggregate, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flow or prospects.
The Company has lease arrangements which expire at various dates. Refer to Note 7, “Leases”, for further details regarding these lease arrangements.
18. Other, Net
Other, net is comprised of the following:
19. Reportable Segments
The Company operates through operating segments for which separate financial information is available, and for which operating results are evaluated regularly by the Company’s chief operating decision maker in determining resource allocation and assessing performance. Those operating segments with similar economic characteristics and that meet all other required criteria, including nature of the products and production processes, distribution patterns and classes of customers, are aggregated as reportable segments.
The Company has four reportable business segments, Plain Bearings, Roller Bearings, Ball Bearings and Engineered Products, which are described below.
Plain Bearings. Plain bearings are produced with either self-lubricating or metal-to-metal designs and consist of several sub-classes, including rod end bearings, spherical plain bearings and journal bearings. Unlike ball bearings, which are used in high-speed rotational applications, plain bearings are primarily used to rectify inevitable misalignments in various mechanical components.
Roller Bearings. Roller bearings are anti-friction bearings that use rollers instead of balls. The Company manufactures four basic types of roller bearings: heavy duty needle roller bearings with inner rings, tapered roller bearings, track rollers and aircraft roller bearings.
Ball Bearings. The Company manufactures four basic types of ball bearings: high precision aerospace, airframe control, thin section and commercial ball bearings which are used in high-speed rotational applications.
Engineered Products. Engineered Products consist of highly engineered hydraulics, fasteners, collets, tool holders and precision components used in aerospace, marine and industrial applications.
The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” Segment performance is evaluated based on segment net sales and gross margin. Items not allocated to segment operating income include corporate administrative expenses and certain other amounts. Identifiable assets by reportable segment consist of those directly identified with the segment’s operations.
The net loss of $16,544 related to the sale of the Miami division during fiscal 2019 was included within the Engineered Products segment and was recognized within other, net on the consolidated statements of operations. All intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation.
ITEM 9.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company performed an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures provide reasonable assurance that the material information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. No changes were made to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the last fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s management believes that its disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 28, 2020.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management of RBC Bearings Incorporated is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is supported by written policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 28, 2020 as required by Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth in the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 Framework) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 28, 2020.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 28, 2020 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears on the following page.
RBC Bearings Incorporated
Oxford, Connecticut
May 20, 2020
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of RBC Bearings Incorporated
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited RBC Bearings Incorporated’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 28, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, RBC Bearings Incorporated (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 28, 2020, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 28, 2020 and the related notes and our report dated May 20, 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Stamford, Connecticut
May 20, 2020
ITEM 9B.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Board Committee Assignments
Audit Committee *
Alan B. Levine, Chairman
Michael H. Ambrose
Edward D. Stewart
Compensation Committee
Richard R. Crowell, Chairman
Alan B. Levine
Dr. Amir Faghri
Nominating and Governance Committee
Dr. Amir Faghri
Edward D. Stewart
Dr. Steven H. Kaplan
*At least one member of the Audit Committee qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by applicable SEC rules.
PART III
The information called for by Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) of Form 10-K will be included in the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which the Company intends to file within 120 days after the close of its fiscal year ended March 28, 2020 and which is incorporated herein by reference to such Proxy Statement.
PART IV
ITEM 15.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) (1) Financial Statements
The following Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company are included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm;
Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019;
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended March 28, 2020, March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018;
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended March 28, 2020, March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018;
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended March 28, 2020, March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018;
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 28, 2020, March 30, 2019 and March 31, 2018; and
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(a) (2) Financial Statement Schedules
See Financial Statement Schedules under Item 15(c) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K
(a) (3) See Item 15(b) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(b)The Exhibits required by Item 601 of regulation S-K are filed as Exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and indexed below immediately following Item 15(c), which index is incorporated herein by reference.
(c)All Financial Statement Schedules are included in the Financial Statements and Supplementary Data under Item 15(a)(1) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference.
Exhibit Index
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The exhibits that are indicated below as having been previously filed by RBC Bearings Incorporated with the SEC are incorporated herein by reference. Our Commission file number is 333-124824.
*This certification is not deemed filed with the SEC and is not to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (whether made before or after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K) irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
Title
/s/ Michael J. Hartnett
Michael J. Hartnett
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer and Chairman)
Date: May 20, 2020
/s/ Daniel A. Bergeron
Daniel A. Bergeron
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: May 20, 2020
/s/ Ernest D. Hawkins
Ernest D. Hawkins
Chief Accounting Officer
Date: May 20, 2020
/s/ Robert M. Sullivan
Robert M. Sullivan
Corporate Controller
Date: May 20, 2020
/s/ Richard R. Crowell
Richard R. Crowell
Director
Date: May 20, 2020
/s/ Alan B. Levine
Alan B. Levine
Director
Date: May 20, 2020
/s/ Dr. Amir Faghri
Dr. Amir Faghri
Director
Date: May 20, 2020
/s/ Edward D. Stewart
Edward D. Stewart
Director
Date: May 20, 2020
/s/ Dr. Steven H. Kaplan
Dr. Steven H. Kaplan
Director
Date: May 20, 2020
/s/ Michael H. Ambrose
Michael H. Ambrose
Director
Date: May 20, 2020
Included within other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. During fiscal 2020, the Company recognized revenues of $7,849 that were included in the contract liability balance at March 30, 2019. Included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
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