Item 1. Description of Business.
Overview
We were incorporated in the State of Wyoming on April 11, 2006, as Theron Resource Group and established a fiscal year end of May 31. Our statutory registered agent's office is located at 1620 Central Avenue, Suite 202, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001 and our business office is located at 1596 Gulf Road, Number 34, Point Roberts, Washington 98281; telephone (888) 755-9766.
There have been no material reclassifications, mergers, consolidations or purchases or sales of any significant amount of assets not in the ordinary course of business since the date of incorporation. We are a start-up, exploration stage company engaged in the search for gold and related minerals. There is no assurance that a commercially viable mineral deposit, a reserve, exists in our claim or can be shown to exist until sufficient and appropriate exploration is done and a comprehensive evaluation of such work concludes economic and legal feasibility.
The reader of this periodic report is directed to our Form 10-K Report for May 31, 2009, dated September 8, 2009, and our S-1 registration statement dated April 3, 2009, for further discussion of the property, mineral exploration in Canada, geology and other background information on the optioned property.
Our Current Business - Mineral Exploration
On February 21, 2007, we optioned a property containing six mineral claim blocks in south-western B. C. by entering into an Option To Purchase And Royalty Agreement with Bryan Livgard, the beneficial owner of the claims, an arms-length B.C. resident, to acquire the claims by making certain expenditures and carrying out certain exploration work.
The phase I exploration program on the George property commenced on April 30, 2009, and was completed on June 04, 2009, under the supervision of Egil Livgard, P. Eng., the author of the initial geological and engineering report on the project. Our portion of the phase I geological exploration program on the property cost $20,000 which is a reflection of local costs for the specified type of work. The Assessment Report on the work carried out on the Claims was received in late May, 2010 and called for a Phase II work program which will cost an estimated $155,000. We are currently reviewing the recommendation and seeking financing for moving forward with the project; no decisions have yet been made and no expressions of interest in assisting with the financing have been received to this date.
Our Proposed Exploration Program - Plan of Operation
Our business plan is to proceed with seeking the necessary capital to complete the recommended phase II program on the George claims to determine if there are commercially exploitable deposits of gold. We must conduct exploration to determine if gold exists on the property and if any is found it can be economically extracted and profitably processed. We do not claim to have any ores or reserves whatsoever at this time on our optioned property. For a detailed discussion of the results of the phase I portion of the exploration program and our plan of operation, refer to page 8 - Plan of Operation - Results of Operations.
ITEM 1A.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Risks Associated with Theron Resource Group, Our Financial Condition and Our Business Model
1. We are an exploration stage corporation, lack a business history and have losses that we expect to continue into the future. If the losses continue we will have to suspend operations or cease functioning.
We were incorporated on April 11, 2006. Although we have started our proposed business and have completed the first phase of exploration of our optioned mineral project, we have not realized any revenues. We have no business history upon which an evaluation of our future success or failure can be made. Our net loss since inception is $85,328. Our ability to achieve and maintain profitability and positive cash flow is dependent upon:
• our ability to find a profitable exploration property;
• our ability to generate revenues; and
• our ability to reduce exploration costs.
Based upon current plans, we expect to incur losses in future periods. This will happen because there are expenses associated with the exploration of our optioned property. We may not be successful in generating revenues in the future. Failure to generate revenues will cause us to go out of business.
2. We have no known mineral reserves and we may not find any gold or if we find gold it may not be in economic quantities. If we fail to find any gold or if we are unable to find gold in economic quantities, we will have to suspend operations.
The worldwide mining industry is founded upon small parcels of land being explored by junior exploration entities while the chances of finding reserves on any individual prospect is almost infinitesimal. It is not uncommon to spend millions of dollars on a potential project, complete many phases of exploration and still not obtain reserves that can be economically exploited. Therefore, the chances of Theron’s property having mineral reserves are remote.
We have no known mineral reserves. Even if we find gold it may not be of sufficient quantity so as to warrant recovery. Additionally, even if we find gold in sufficient quantity to warrant recovery it ultimately may not be recoverable. Finally, even if any gold is recoverable, we do not know that this can be done at a profit. Failure to locate deposits in economically recoverable quantities will cause us to cease operations.
3. We require substantial funds merely to determine if mineral reserves exist on our optioned property.
Any potential development and production of our exploration properties depends upon the results of exploration programs and/or feasibility studies and the recommendations of duly qualified engineers and geologists. Such programs require substantial additional funds. Any decision to further expand our plans on these exploration properties will involve the consideration and evaluation of several significant factors including, but not limited to:
• Costs of bringing the property into production including exploration work, preparation of production feasibility studies and construction of production facilities;
• Availability and costs of financing;
• Ongoing costs of production;
• Market prices for the products to be produced;
• Environmental compliance regulations and restraints; and
• Political climate and/or governmental regulation and control.
4. Titles to the claims are registered in the name of another person. In order to exercise our rights under the option agreement we must incur certain exploration costs and make royalty payments. Our failure to incur the exploration expenditures or to make the royalty payments will result in forfeiture of our right to acquire the claims and will result in our having to cease operations.
Title to the claims we intend to explore is not held in our name but rather that of the estate of Bryan Livgard, a resident of B.C., recently deceased. In the event Livgard’s estate were to grant another person a deed of ownership which was subsequently registered prior to our deed, the third party would obtain good title and we would have nothing. Similarly, if he were to grant an option to another party, that party would be able to enter the claims, carry out certain work commitments and earn right and title to the claims and we would have little recourse as we would be harmed, will not own any property and would have to cease operations. The option agreement does not specifically reference these risks or the recourse provided.
Although we would have recourse against Livgard or his estate, under common law, there is a question as to whether that recourse would have specific value.
Under the terms of an option agreement, Theron has the right to acquire the title to the claims upon incurring exploration expenses on the claims of a minimum of $20,000 by August 31, 2009, (paid) incurring additional exploration expenses in the amount of $40,000 by August 31, 2010 and making annual advance on royalty payments in the amount of $25,000 commencing May 31, 2011. Failure by Theron to make any of the payments or failure to incur the required exploration expenses will result in the loss of the option to acquire the claims in which case Theron will have to cease operations.
5. Management will devote only a limited amount of time to Theron’s business. Failure of our management to devote a sufficient amount of time to our business plans may adversely affect the success of our business, plus which management lacks formal training in mineral exploration.
Because Jerry R. Satchwell, our President and CEO, will be devoting only approximately 6 hours per week to our business plans, our business may suffer. As a result, exploration of the property may be periodically interrupted or suspended. Interruptions to, or suspension of, exploration may cause us to cease operations.
Mr. Satchwell has no professional accreditation or formal training in the business of exploration. With no direct training or experience in these areas our management may not be fully aware of many of the specific requirements related to working within this industry. Decisions so made without this knowledge may not take into account standard engineering management approaches that experienced exploration corporations commonly make. Consequently, our business, earnings and ultimate financial success could suffer irreparable harm as a result of management’s lack of experience in the industry. Thus, we will retain such technical experts as are required to provide professional and technical guidance.
ITEM 1B.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
As of the date of this report, there are no unresolved comments pending from the SEC.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our principal office is located at 1596 Gulf Road, Number 34, Point Roberts, Washington 98281. Our telephone number is (888) 755-9766. Our principal office is provided by our officer and director at no cost. We believe that the condition of our principal office is satisfactory, suitable and adequate for current needs.
We hold an option on a gold exploration and mining property known as the George claims containing six mineral claim blocks in south-western B. C. We entered into an Option To Purchase And Royalty Agreement with Bryan Livgard, the beneficial owner of the claims, an arms-length B.C. resident, to acquire the claims by making certain expenditures and carrying out certain exploration work.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We know of no material, existing or pending legal proceedings against us, nor are we involved as a plaintiff in any material proceeding or pending litigation. There are no proceedings in which any of our directors, officers or affiliates, or any registered or beneficial shareholder, is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to Theron.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
Our last annual general meeting was held on November 25, 2009, at which time stockholders approved the following actions:
• received and approved the financial statements of the Corporation for its financial year ended May 31, 2009, together with the report of the independent auditors thereon;
• fixed the number of directors at one for the coming year;
• elected a director, Jerry R. Satchwell, to serve until the next annual general meeting of shareholders or until his successor(s) is/are elected or appointed;
• ratified the appointment of Gruber & Associates, L.L.C., as independent auditors of the Corporation for the financial year ended May 31, 2010.
PART II
ITEM 5.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS and ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Shares of our common stock became available for quotation on the Over-the-Counter •in Board (“the OTC-BB) under the symbol “THRO” on December 17, 2009. The market for our common shares is limited and can be volatile. The following table sets forth the high and low bid prices relating to our common stock on a quarterly basis for the periods indicated as quoted on the OTC-BB quotation service. These quotations reflect inter-dealer prices without retail mark-up, mark-down or commissions and may not reflect actual transactions.
As of the date of this report, we had 5 shareholders of record whose shares are held in street or nominee names. There are 7,900,000 shares outstanding.
Our common shares are issued in registered form. Olde Monmouth Stock Transfer Co., Inc., of 200 Memorial Parkway, Atlantic Highlands, NJ 07716 is our stock transfer agent and can be contacted by telephone at (732) 872-2727 and by facsimile at (732) 872-2728.
We have not declared any dividends since incorporation and do not anticipate that we will do so in the foreseeable future. Although there are no restrictions that limit the ability to pay dividends on our common shares, our intention is to retain future earnings for use in our operations and the expansion of our business.
Item 6.
Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
As a “smaller reporting company”, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.
Item 7.
Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION and ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION and RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this Annual Report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report, particularly in the section entitled “Risk Factors”.
We are an exploration stage company and have not generated any revenue to date. We have incurred recurring losses to date. Our financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern and, accordingly, do not include adjustments relating to the recoverability and realization of assets and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue in operation.
We were incorporated in the State of Wyoming on April 11, 2006, as Theron Resource Group and established a fiscal year end of May 31. Our statutory registered agent's office is located at 1620 Central Avenue, Suite 202, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001 and our business office is located at 1596 Gulf Road, Number 34, Point Roberts, Washington 98281; telephone (888) 755-9766. We are a start-up, exploration stage company engaged in the search for gold and related minerals. There is no assurance that a commercially viable mineral deposit, a reserve, exists in our claim or can be shown to exist until sufficient and appropriate exploration is done and a comprehensive evaluation of such work concludes economic and legal feasibility.
On February 21, 2007, we optioned a property containing six mineral claim blocks in south-western B. C. by entering into an Option To Purchase And Royalty Agreement with Bryan Livgard (recently deceased), the beneficial owner of the claims, to acquire the claims by making certain expenditures and carrying out exploration work.
Under the terms of the agreement, Livgard granted to Theron the right to acquire 100% of the right, title and interest of Livgard in the property, subject to his receiving annual payments and a royalty, in accordance with the terms of the agreement, as follows:
a) Theron, or its permitted assigns, contributing exploration expenditures on the property of a minimum of US $20,000 on or before May 31, 2009 (which sum was paid; an engineering report was received in late May, 2010 which recommended a phase II exploration program at a projected cost of $155,000);
b) Theron, or its permitted assigns, contributing exploration expenditures on the property of a further US $40,000 for aggregate minimum contributed exploration expenses of US $60,000 on or before May 31, 2010; The option agreement expired on May 31, 2010, but the property owner has verbally agreed to take no action to terminate the agreement until such time as we have been able to review the engineering report of the first phase of the exploration program and are in a position to determine how and when we will be able to move forward with the project; we expect to be in a position to make such determination prior to the end of the current calendar year;
c) Upon exercise of the option agreement, Theron will pay to Livgard US $25,000 per annum as pre- payment of the net smelter return, effective May 31, 2011; and
d) Theron will pay to Livgard an annual royalty equal to three percent (3%) of NSR; and
To date we have advanced $20,000 for the implementation of phase I of the planned exploration program of which the field work has been completed; the final engineering was received in late May 2010. We have not spent any money on research and development activities. Information regarding the property was presented to Mr. Satchwell for review without any contractual obligations.
The reader is directed to our Form 10-K Report for May 31, 2009, dated September 8, 2009, and our S-1 registration statement dated April 3, 2009, for further discussion of the property, mineral exploration in Canada, geology and other background information on the optioned property.
Our Proposed Exploration Program - Plan of Operation - Results of Operations
Our business plan is to continue with exploration of the George mineral claims to determine if there are commercially exploitable deposits of gold and silver. We retained the services of the Egil Livgard, P. Eng., to complete the first phase of the work program and to complete and assess the results of the program.
The option agreement expired on May 31, 2009, but the property owner has verbally agreed to take no action to terminate the agreement until such time as we have been able to review the engineering report of the first phase of the exploration program and are in a position to determine how and when we will be able to move forward with the project.
Evaluation and conclusions - Phase I exploration program
The exploration in 2008 and 2009 and that discussed in the report consisted of further stream silt sampling, two grids of soil sampling, rock sampling and geological examination. The soil and rock sampling on the north part of the claims outlined anomalous soil in copper and values of gold and copper in narrow stringers. Exploration in 2008 consisted of a bark sample with analysis for halogen gasses in an attempt to reach response from mineralization at depth. Soil sampling south of the initial survey was carried out without any positive results. Some geology and further rock sampling was also done.
Lawless Creek is the main creek in the vicinity of the property and its skarn deposits. The creek flows southerly through all the claims and a further 16 kilometers to its confluence with the Tulameen River; over this entire distance the channel is covered with placer claims of which the source has not been located. Skarn copper-gold deposits on the claims or fracture deposits are possible sources of gold.
The mineral showings on the George claims may perhaps be either large disseminated copper-gold deposits in rocks altered by an intrusive body, such as the QR GOLD Mine Deposits in the Cariboo region of B.C. that is found at the indurated alteration front of the intrusive body about 300 meters away from the contact, or as massive replacement mineralization in limestone such as at the Bowser Creek Deposits in Alaska where disseminated silver-zinc occurs in altered limestone or as massive replacement of limestone. The disseminations may extend over a few kilometers in length and up to 250 meters in width.
The three fault intersection on the south-western George claims did not return notable soil values nor did silt samples in the vicinity. The only fault exposure that has been found lies about one kilometer distant from the fault junction on the southwest striking fault branch. The five channel samples across the exposed part of the fault and one grab sample gave low values but two were anomalous in copper, and soil samples near the three fault junction indicate that the southwest fault may carry some mineralization.
On the northern part of the claims the rocks have undergone contact metamorphic alteration with introduction of quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite and gold values from near the intrusive contact and up to 400m to perhaps 500m southwest of the contact. At the B and R showing one narrow sample (7.0 cm) gave roughly ½ gram gold and 0.15 % copper per tonne and the soil grid outlined anomalous values that extend south-easterly. Rock samples have located low grade copper gold values particularly at the Dawn showing.
A bark survey covering the Nicola Group rocks from about 150 meters to 450 meters away from the contact to the intrusive rocks has indicated anomalous values in Br, Cl, F, I, indicators of buried mineralization, at several locations. The writer concludes that these anomalies warrant exploration by diamond drilling.
The report makes the following recommendations
1. The sample results of the bark survey, location maps and forest cover report should be submitted to Colin Dunn, Biogeochemistry Consultant, for evaluation and further work contingent upon his recommendations.
2. The property exploration has now been narrowed down to 2-3 areas each not more than about 1/10 of a square kilometer.
3. An excavator should be brought in and used to construct an access road to the anomalous areas.
4. Bedrock should be exposed by trenching and diamond drill sites should be constructed
5. It is recommended that the anomalous halogen response areas and trenches be geologically mapped in detail.
6. It is recommended that six diamond drill holes in at least 3 locations be drilled to an average depth of 125 meters for a total of 750 meters. The core must be described and zones of interest must be split, sampled and analyzed and stored at a safe place.
The estimated costs of the above recommendations are as follows:
Phase II will not be carried out until at least late 2010; the cost estimate is based on local costs for the specified type of work.
COMMON SHARES: Since inception we have used common stock and an advance from a related party to raise money for our optioned mineral acquisition and corporate expenses. Net cash provided by financing activities in the most recent fiscal year ended May 31, 2010, was $17,000 as the result of an advance from a related party. In the fiscal year ended May 31, 2009, cash flows form financing activity was a negative $3,500 as the result of the repayment of an outstanding advance ($13,000), an advance from a related party ($1,000) and the proceeds from the sale of common shares ($8,500). Net cash provided by financing activities from inception on April 11, 2006 was $83,000 ($65,000 as proceeds received from sales of our common stock and $18,000 as an advance from an officer).
Revenue
We have not earned any revenues since our inception.
Expenses
Our operating expenses for the year ended May 31, 2010, and 2009 are outlined in the table below:
During the year ended May 31, 2010, Theron incurred operating expenses of $16,555 as compared to $35,834 for the similar period last year and a total of $85,328 for the period from inception on April 11, 2006, to May 31, 2010. Operating expenses for the year ended May 31, 2010, were reduced by half as compared to the comparative period in 2009 primarily as a result of the commencement of our business plan and expenditures associated with the first phase of the exploration program on the George property in 2009 that were not repeated in the 2010 fiscal year.
The costs incurred can be further subdivided into the following categories.
ACQUISITION OF MINERAL PROPERTY INTEREST: Theron incurred no costs for mineral property acquisition costs for the fiscal year ended on May 31, 2010, or for the previous fiscal year. From inception to May 31, 2010 we have incurred $4,242 in costs related to mineral property acquisition. This expense category will vary depending on mineral interest acquisition activities.
MINERAL PROPERTY EXPLORATION: Theron did not incur costs for mineral property exploration costs for the fiscal year ended on May 31, 2010, as compared to $20,082 which was spent in the previous fiscal year. From inception to May 31, 2010, we have incurred $20,082 in costs related to mineral property exploration which category will vary depending on our exploration work activities.
GAIN (LOSS) ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE: Our exploration and acquisition costs and certain expenses have been incurred in Canadian Dollars. $4 was lost on the exchange of USD to CAD in the fiscal year under review while nil ($0) was lost for the period ended May 31, 2009. For the period April 11, 2006, (inception) through May 31, 2010, Theron has lost a total of $93 on foreign exchange transactions. Gains or losses are subject to fluctuations in the Canadian Dollars relative to the U.S. Dollar and are, largely, unpredictable.
PROFESSIONAL FEES: Theron incurred $6,954 in professional fees for the fiscal year ended on May 31, 2010 as compared to $5,942 for the previous fiscal year. From inception to May 31, 2010, we have incurred $31,680 in professional fees mainly spent on legal and accounting matters. This expense category will vary depending on corporate capital raising activities.
COMMUNICATIONS: $559 in communications costs were incurred in the fiscal year under review while $1,290 was incurred for the period ended May 31, 2009. For the period April 11, 2006, (inception) through May 31, 2010, Theron has spent a total of $3,805 on such expenses.
OFFICE EXPENSES: $537 in office costs were incurred in the past year. By comparison, $1,425 was incurred for previous fiscal period ended May 31, 2009. From inception through May 31, 2010, a total of $5,440 has been spent on office related expenses. Higher costs in the previous fiscal year were the result of the commencement of our business plan and the relative inactivity in the current year.
TRAVEL AND ENTERTAINMENT COSTS: $1,473 in travel and entertainment expenses were incurred in fiscal year under review while $2,460 was incurred for the period ended May 31, 2009. For the period April 11, 2006, (inception) through May 31, 2010, Theron has spent a total of $6,574 on travel and entertainment and related costs. Higher costs in the previous fiscal year were the result of the commencement of our business plan and the relative inactivity in the current year.
FILING FEES: We incurred $2,303 in filing costs for the year ended May 31, 2010, and $4,635 for the period ended May 31, 2009. From inception through May 31, 2009, $8,637 was recorded for various filing fees including EDGAR and other related expenses. The category was higher last year as a result of additional regulatory filings. This category will vary and be dependent on the level of corporate filings and other regulatory issues.
TRANSFER AGENT EXPENSES: $4,725 in transfer agent costs were incurred in the most recent fiscal year while no such expenses was incurred in the previous year ended on May 31, 2009. From April 11, 2006 (inception), through May 31, 2010, $4,725 has been spent on transfer agent costs which in the future will cost approximately $200 per month plus new share issuance costs.
CONTRIBUTED EXPENSES (OTHER SERVICES): No contributed expenses (for contributed administrative costs) were incurred for the year ended May 31, 2010, and none were incurred in the period ended May 31, 2009. For the period April 11, 2006 (inception), through May 31, 2009, a total of $50 in contributed expenses has been reflected in the financial statements. All contributed expenses are reported as contributed costs with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in capital.
The Corporation’s president contributed administrative services to the Corporation for the period to May 31, 2007. The time and effort was recorded in the accompanying financial statements based on the prevailing rates for such services, which equalled $50 per hour based on the level of services performed.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: Theron has not incurred any expenses for research and development since inception on April 11, 2006.
COMPENSATION: No compensation costs were incurred for the fiscal year ended on May 31, 2010, and none were incurred in the previous fiscal year which ended on May 31, 2009. From inception to May 31, 2010, there have been no charges to the compensation account.
INCOME TAX PROVISION: As a result of operating losses, there has been no provision for the payment of income taxes to date in 2009 - 2010 or from the date of inception.
At the end of the fiscal year under review, May 31, 2010 and the date of this report, Theron had 7,900,000 common shares issued and outstanding.
Liquidity and Financial Condition
As of May 31, 2010, our company had a working capital deficit of $20,500.
Use of Proceeds
Net cash provided by financing activities from inception on April 11, 2006, to May 31, 2010, was $65,000 as a result of proceeds received from the sale of our common stock and an $18,000 advance from a related party. During that same period, the following table indicates how those proceeds have been spent to date:
Future Operations
Presently, our revenues are not sufficient to meet operating and capital expenses. We have incurred operating losses since inception, and this is likely to continue through fiscal 2010 - 2011. Management projects that we may require $200,000 to fund our ongoing operating expenses and working capital requirements for the next twelve months, broken down as follows:
As at May 31, 2010, we had a working capital deficit of $20,500. We plan to raise the additional capital required to meet the balance of our estimated funding requirements for the next twelve months primarily through the sale of equity based securities. We do not anticipate that we will be able to satisfy any of these funding requirements internally until we significantly increase revenues.
There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern because our business is dependent upon obtaining further financing. The issuance of additional equity securities by us could result in a significant dilution in the equity interests of current stockholders. Obtaining commercial loans, assuming those loans would be available, will increase our liabilities and future cash commitments.
Future Financings
We will require additional financing in order to enable us to proceed with our plan of operations, as discussed above, and in order to continue operations. There can be no assurance that additional financing will be available to us when needed or, if available, that it can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms. If we are not able to obtain the additional financing on a timely basis, we will not be able to meet our other obligations as they become due. We are pursuing various alternatives to meet our immediate and long-term financial requirements.
We anticipate continuing to rely on equity sales of our common stock in order to fund our business operations which would result in dilution to existing stockholders. There is no assurance that we will achieve any sales of equity securities or arrange for debt or other financing to fund our planned activities.
We presently do not have any arrangements for additional financing and no potential lines of credit or sources of financing are currently available for the purpose of proceeding with our plan of operations.
Contractual Obligations
As a “smaller reporting company”, we are not required to provide tabular disclosure obligations.
Going Concern
We are in the development stage, have not yet achieved profitable operations and are dependent on our ability to raise capital from stockholders or other sources to meet obligations arising from normal business operations when they become due. Therefore, due to the uncertainty of our ability to meet our current operating and capital expenses, in their report on the annual financial statements for the year ended May 31, 2010, our independent auditors included an explanatory paragraph regarding concerns about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our financial statements contain additional note disclosures describing the circumstances that lead to this disclosure.
Purchase of Significant Equipment
We do not intend to purchase any significant equipment during the next twelve months.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Critical Accounting Policies
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are affected by management’s application of accounting policies. We believe that understanding the basis and nature of the estimates and assumptions involved with the following aspects of our financial statements is critical to an understanding of our financial statements.
ASC (“Accounting Standards Codification”) Topic “The FASB Accounting Standards Codification(TM) and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles - A Replacement of FASB Statement No. 162” became effective on September 15, 2009. This standard establishes the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™ (the “Codification”) as the source of authoritative accounting principles recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP. The Codification does not change current US GAAP, but is intended to simplify user access to all authoritative US GAAP by providing all the authoritative literature related to a particular topic in one place. As of the effective date, all existing accounting standard documents were superseded and, accordingly, all subsequent public filings will reference the Codification as the sole source of authoritative literature.
Functional Currency
The Company’s functional currency is the United States dollar. Dollar costs of Theron’s property acquisition and planned exploration costs are in Canadian Dollars (CDN). For purposes of consistency and to express United States Dollars throughout this report, Canadian currency has been converted into United States currency at the rate of US $1.00 being approximately equal to CAD 1.00 which is the approximate average exchange rate during recent months and which is consistent with the incorporated financial statements.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid securities with original maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents at May 31, 2010.
Financial Instruments
At May 31, 2010, the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments approximate their carrying value based on their terms and interest rates.
Commodity Price Risk: The ability of the Company to develop its properties and the future profitability of the Company is directly related to the market price of certain minerals.
Foreign Exchange Risk: The Company conducts of its exploration activities in Canadian dollars. The Company is therefore subject to gains or losses due to fluctuations in Canadian currency relative to the US dollar.
Mineral Interests
Mineral interest acquisition costs include cash consideration and the estimated fair value of common shares issued for mineral properties, based on recent share issuances. Exploration and development expenditures are expensed in the period incurred until such time as the Company establishes the existence of commercial feasibility, at which time these costs will be deferred. Administrative expenditures are expensed in the period incurred.
Mineral interest acquisition costs and related interest and financing costs may be deferred until the property is placed into production, sold or abandoned. Mineral interest acquisition costs will be deferred only when, and if, proven and probable reserves have been found to exist. No proven or probable reserves are currently known to exist.
Any deferred costs will be amortized on a unit-of-production basis over the estimated proven and probable reserves of the property following commencement of commercial production or written off if the property is sold, allowed to lapse or abandoned.
Earnings (Loss) per Common Share
The Company computes net income (loss) per share in accordance with ASC Topic “Earnings per Share”. The basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding; basic loss per share excludes the impact of common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the “as if converted” basis, i.e., it utilizes the average market price per share when applying the treasury stock method in determining common stock equivalents. For the year ended May 31, 2010, and for the period April 11, 2006 (date of inception), through May 31, 2010, there were no variances between the basic and diluted loss per share as there were no potential dilutive securities.
Income Taxes
The Company adopted ASC Topic, “Accounting for Income Taxes” on inception. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to be recovered. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for which it does not consider realization of such assets to be more likely than not.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company’s functional and reporting currency is the United States dollar and where necessary the accounts of the Company’s foreign operations have been translated into United States dollars in accordance with ASC Topic “Foreign Currency Translation”. Assets and liabilities of those operations are translated in U.S. dollars using exchange rates as of the balance sheet date; income and expenses are translated using the average exchange rates for the reporting period. Translation adjustments are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of shareholders’ deficit.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
ASC Topic disclosures about fair value of financial instruments define the fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. The carrying values of the Company's financial instruments, which include cash, accounts receivable, and accrued expenses, approximate fair values due to the short-term maturities of such instruments.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-09 “Subsequent Events (ASC Topic 855) “Amendments to Certain Recognition and Disclosure Requirements” (“ASU No. 2010-09”) which requires an entity that is an SEC filer to evaluate subsequent events through the date that the financial statements are issued and removes the requirement for an SEC filer to disclose a date, in both issued and revised financial statements, through which the filer had evaluated subsequent events. The adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations. See note 8 of the financial statements for events occurring subsequent to May 31, 2010.
In January 2010, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2010-06, “Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements” which amends FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 and clarifies and provides additional disclosure requirements related to recurring and non-recurring fair value measurements and employers’ disclosures about postretirement benefit plan assets. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009. The adoption of ASU 2010-06 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In August 2009, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting standards related to the measurement of liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis. This standard clarifies how a company should measure the fair value of liabilities and that restrictions preventing the transfer of a liability should not be considered as a factor in the measurement of liabilities within the scope of this standard. This standard was effective on October 1, 2009. The adoption of this topic did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
In June 2009, ASC Topic “Amendments to FASB interpretation No. 46(R)” which modifies how a company determines when an entity that is insufficiently capitalized or is not controlled through voting (or similar rights) should be consolidated was issued. This topic clarifies that the determination of whether a company is required to consolidate an entity is based on, among other things, the entity's purpose and design and a company's ability to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance. This topic requires an ongoing reassessment of whether a company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity and also requires additional disclosures about a company's involvement in variable interest entities and any significant changes in risk exposure due to that involvement. The topic was effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2009. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Effective June 30, 2009, we adopted a new accounting standard related to the disclosure requirements of the fair value of the financial instruments. This standard expands the disclosure requirements of fair value (including the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value) of certain financial instruments to interim period financial statements that were previously only required to be disclosed in financial statements for annual periods. In accordance with this standard, the disclosure requirements have been applied on a prospective basis and did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
In December 2007, ASC Topic “Business Combinations” was issued. The objective of this statement significantly changes the accounting for business combinations. An acquiring entity will be required to recognize all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a transaction at the acquisition date fair value with limited exceptions. This topic applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2009. The adoption did not have an impact on our financial statements.
ITEM 7A.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE and QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS
As a “smaller reporting company”, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.
ITEM 8.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS and SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Theron Resource Group
We have audited the balance sheet of Theron Resource Group (an exploration stage company) as of May 31, 2010 and the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended May 31, 2010 and 2009 and for the period April 11, 2006 (date of inception) through May 31, 2010. Theron Resource Group’s management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform an audit of the Company's internal control over its financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects the financial position of the Company as of May 31, 2010 and the results of its operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity for the years ended May 31, 2010 and 2009 and for the period April 11, 2006 (date of inception) through May 31, 2010 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, conditions exist which raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern unless it is able to generate sufficient cash flows to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. Management’s plan in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Gruber & Company, LLC
Lake Saint Louis, Missouri
August 31, 2010
Theron Resource Group
(an Exploration Stage Company)
Balance Sheets May 31, 2010
See accompanying notes to financial statements
Theron Resource Group
(an Exploration Stage Company)
Statements of Operations
See accompanying notes to financial statements
Theron Resource Group
(an Exploration Stage Company)
Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
See accompanying notes to financial statements
Theron Resource Group
(an Exploration Stage Company)
Statements of Cash Flows
See accompanying notes to financial statements
THERON RESOURCE GROUP
(A Exploration Stage Company)
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MAY 31, 2010
Note 1 - Nature of Operations
Theron Resource Group (“the Company” or “Theron”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Wyoming on April 11, 2006. The Company is a start-up, exploration stage corporation which has an option agreement to acquire through a two-phase exploration program, a property in south-western British Columbia, Canada, consisting of six claim blocks covering 4,380 acres. The Company’s business plan is to proceed with initial exploration of the claims to determine if there are commercially exploitable deposits of gold. If gold exists on the claims the Company will determine if it can be economically extracted and profitably processed.
The Company is an “exploration stage company” and is subject to compliance with ASC (Accounting Standards Codification) Topic “Accounting and Reporting by Development Stage Companies”. The Company is devoting its resources to establishing the new business but its planned operations have not yet commenced: accordingly, no revenues have been earned during the period from April 11, 2006 (date of inception), to May 31, 2010.
Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Going Concern
The Company’s accounting and reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America applicable to exploration stage enterprises. The functional currency is the United States dollar, and the financial statements are presented in United States dollars.
The Company’s financial statements at May 31, 2010, and for the year then ended have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The Company incurred a loss of $16,555 for the year ended May 31, 2010, and $85,328 for the period from April 11, 2006 (date of inception), through May 31, 2010. We have not generated any revenues and no revenues are anticipated until we begin removing and selling gold; there is no assurance that a commercially viable deposit exists on the mineral claims that we have under option. These conditions raise substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Management’s plans to support the Company in operation and to maintain its business strategy is to raise funds through public offerings and to rely on officers and directors to perform essential functions with minimal compensation. If the Company does not raise all of the money it needs from the public offering it will have to find alternative sources, such as a second public offering, a private placement of securities, or loans from its officers, directors or others. If the Company requires additional cash and can’t raise it, it will either have to suspend operations until the cash is raised, or cease business entirely.
The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Cash and cash equivalents
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Mining exploration costs
The Company is primarily engaged in the acquisition, exploration and development of mineral properties.
Mineral property acquisitions are initially capitalized as tangible assets when purchased in accordance with FASB ASC 805-20-55-37. At the end of each fiscal quarter, the Company assesses the carrying costs for impairment. If proven and probable reserves are established for a property and it has been determined that a mineral property can be economically developed, costs will be amortized using the units-of-production method over the estimated life of the proven and probable reserves.
THERON RESOURCE GROUP
(A Exploration Stage Company)
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MAY 31, 2010
Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Mineral property exploration costs are expensed as incurred.
As of May 31, 2010 the Company has not established any proven or probable reserves on its mineral properties and has incurred no acquisition or exploration costs.
The beneficial owner holds the right to the claims which give him or his designated agent the right to mine and recover all of the metals contained within the surface boundaries of the lease vertically downward. In the event he were to grant another deed which is subsequently registered prior to the Company’s deed, the third party would obtain good title and the Company would have nothing.
Reclamation costs
The Company is subject to the Canadian Mineral Tenure Act Regulations, the British Columbia Mineral Exploration Code and the Ministry of Energy and Mines of British Columbia. Before commencing the exploration program a permit must be obtained from the District Inspector, a provincial government agent. Further, the Company is required to reclaim the mining claim after the exploration program is completed including removing any garbage, fuel drums, cleaning any spills, and filling in any open trenches.
The Health, Safety and Reclamation Code for mines in British Columbia deals with environmental matters relating to the exploration of mining properties. The Code’s goals are to protect the environment through a series of regulations affecting health, safety, archaeological sites and exploration access. The Company is responsible to provide a safe working environment, not disrupt archaeological sites, and to conduct its activities to prevent unnecessary damage to the property. Upon abandonment of the property, all holes, pits and shafts will be filled in or sealed. It is difficult to estimate the full costs of the compliance with the environmental law since the full nature and extent of our proposed activities cannot be determined until the Company starts operations. The Company will record a liability for the estimated costs to reclaim the mined land by recording charges to production costs for each unit of gold mined over the life of the mine. The amount to be charged will be based on management’s estimate of reclamation costs to be incurred. The accrued liability will be reduced as reclamation expenditures are made. Certain reclamation work will be performed concurrently with mining and these expenditures are charged to operations as incurred.
Use of estimates
In preparing financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheet and revenues and expenses in the statement of operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fair value of financial instruments and derivative financial instruments
SFAS No. 107 disclosures about fair value of financial instruments define the fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. The carrying amounts of cash and current liabilities approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these items.
These fair value estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment, and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect these estimates. The Company does not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes, nor does it utilize derivative instruments in the management of foreign exchange, commodity price, or interest rate market risks.
THERON RESOURCE GROUP
(A Exploration Stage Company)
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MAY 31, 2010
Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Income taxes
The Company adopted ASC Topic “Accounting for Income Taxes” as of inception. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to be recovered. The Company provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for which it does not consider realization of such assets to be more likely than not.
The Corporation currently has no issues that create timing differences that would mandate deferred tax expense. Net operating losses would create possible tax assets in future years. Due to the uncertainty as to the utilization of net operating loss carry forwards, a valuation allowance has been made to the extent of any tax benefit that net operating losses may generate.
No provision for income taxes has been recorded due to the net operating loss carry forwards totalling approximately $85,328 as of May 31, 2010, that will be offset against future taxable income. The available net operating loss carry forwards expire in various years through 2030. No tax benefit has been reported in the financial statements because the Corporation believes there is a 50% or greater chance the carry forwards will expire unused.
Basic and diluted net loss per share
The Company computes net income (loss) per share in accordance with ASC Topic “Earnings per Share”. The basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the “as if converted” basis. For the year ended May 31, 2010, and for the period April 11, 2006 (date of inception), through May 31, 2010, there were no potential dilutive securities.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist of cash and cash equivalents. The Company places its cash with high quality financial institutions and at times may exceed the FDIC $250,000 insurance limit
Special purpose entities
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet financing activities.
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets
In August 2001, ASC Topic “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” was issued which clarifies the accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets and for long-lived assets to be disposed of, including the disposal of business segments and major lines of business. Long-lived assets are reviewed when facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. When necessary, impaired assets are written down to their estimated fair value based on the best information available.
Stock Based Compensation
The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic “Share-Based Payment” and recognizes in the statement of operations the grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and non-employees. The Company did not grant any new employee options and no options were cancelled or exercised during the year ended May 31, 2010. As of May 31, 2010, there were no options outstanding.
THERON RESOURCE GROUP
(A Exploration Stage Company)
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MAY 31, 2010
Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Business segments
ASC Topic “Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” establishes standards for the way that public companies report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires reporting of selected information about operating segments in interim financial statements issued to the public. It also establishes standards for disclosures regarding products and services, geographic areas and major customers. The Company has evaluated the requirements of this Topic and determined that it is not applicable to our operations.
Start-up expenses
Theron adopted ASC Topic “Reporting the Costs of Start-up Activities”, which requires that costs associated with start-up activities be expensed as incurred. Accordingly, start-up costs associated with the Company’s formation have been included in the Company’s general and administrative expenses for the period from April 11, 2006 (date of inception), through May 31, 2010.
Foreign currency translation
The Company’s functional and reporting currency is the United States dollar. The financial statements of the Company are translated to United States dollars in accordance with ASC Topic “Foreign Currency Translation”. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Gains and losses arising on translation or settlement of foreign currency denominated transactions or balances are included in the determination of income. The translation was not material to accumulate in the current fiscal year.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements
In February 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2010-09, which amends the Subsequent Events Topic of the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) to eliminate the requirement for public companies to disclose the date through which subsequent events have been evaluated. The Company will continue to evaluate subsequent events through the date of the issuance of the financial statements, however, consistent with the guidance, this date will no longer be disclosed. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, financial condition or liquidity.
In January 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-06, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820): Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements. ASU No. 2010-06 amends ASC 820 and clarifies and provides additional disclosure requirements on the transfers of assets and liabilities between Level 1 (quoted prices in active market for identical assets or liabilities) and Level 2 (significant other observable inputs) of the fair value measurement hierarchy, including the reasons for and the timing of the transfers. Additionally, the guidance requires a roll forward of activities on purchases, sales, issuance, and settlements of the assets and liabilities measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair value measurements). Other than requiring additional disclosures, adoption of this new guidance will not have a material impact on our financial statements.
In June 2009, ASC Topic “The FASB Accounting Standards Codification(TM) and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles - A Replacement of FASB Statement No. 162” was issued. This standard establishes the FASB Accounting Standards Codification(TM) (the "Codification") as the source of authoritative accounting principles recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP. The Codification does not change current US GAAP, but is intended to simplify user access to all authoritative US GAAP by providing all the authoritative literature related to a particular topic in one place. The Codification is effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009, and as of the effective date, all existing accounting standard documents were superseded. The Codification was effective in the second quarter of the year ending May 31, 2009, and accordingly, all subsequent public filings reference the Codification as the sole source of authoritative literature.
THERON RESOURCE GROUP
(A Exploration Stage Company)
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MAY 31, 2010
Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
In June 2009, ASC Topic, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets - an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 140” was issued. It requires entities to provide more information regarding sales of securitized financial assets and similar transactions, particularly if the entity has continuing exposure to the risks related to transferred financial assets. The topic eliminates the concept of a “qualifying special-purpose entity”, changes the requirements for derecognizing financial assets and requires additional disclosures. The topic was effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2009. The Company has determined that the impact SFAS 166 will have no effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
In June 2009, ASC Topic, “Amendments to FASB interpretation No. 46(R)” which modifies how a company determines when an entity that is insufficiently capitalized or is not controlled through voting (or similar rights) should be consolidated was issued. This topic clarifies that the determination of whether a company is required to consolidate an entity is based on, among other things, the entity's purpose and design and a company's ability to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance. This topic requires an ongoing reassessment of whether a company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity and also requires additional disclosures about a company's involvement in variable interest entities and any significant changes in risk exposure due to that involvement. The topic was effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2009. The Company has determined that the impact will have no effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Effective June 30, 2009, we adopted a new accounting standard related to the disclosure requirements of the fair value of the financial instruments. This standard expands the disclosure requirements of fair value (including the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value) of certain financial instruments to interim period financial statements that were previously only required to be disclosed in financial statements for annual periods. In accordance with this standard, the disclosure requirements have been applied on a prospective basis and did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
In May 2009, ASC Topic “Subsequent Events” was issued. It provides guidance to establish general standards of accounting for and disclosures of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. The topic also requires entities to disclose the date through which subsequent events were evaluated as well as the rationale for why that date was selected. The topic is effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009. SFAS 165 requires that public entities evaluate subsequent events through the date that the financial statements are issued. In February, 2010 this topic was amended to exclude public companies from disclosing the date through which subsequent events were reviewed..
In April 2009, ASC Topic “Determining Fair Values When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly” was issued .This topic provides guidance on (1) estimating the fair value of an asset or liability when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly declined and (2) identifying transactions that are not orderly. This topic was effective beginning April 1, 2009. The adoption of this topic did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
THERON RESOURCE GROUP
(A Exploration Stage Company)
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MAY 31, 2010
Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
In April 2009, ASC Topic “Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments” was issued. This topic modifies the requirements for recognizing other-than-temporarily impaired debt securities and changes the existing impairment model for such securities. The topic also requires additional disclosures for both annual and interim periods with respect to both debt and equity securities. Under the topic, impairment of debt securities will be considered other-than-temporary if an entity (1) intends to sell the security, (2) more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovering its cost, or (3) does not expect to recover the security's entire amortized cost basis (even if the entity does not intend to sell). The topic further indicates that, depending on which of the above factor(s) causes the impairment to be considered other-than-temporary, (1) the entire shortfall of the security's fair value versus its amortized cost basis or (2) only the credit loss portion would be recognized in earnings while the remaining shortfall (if any) would be recorded in other comprehensive income. The topic requires entities to initially apply the provisions of the standard to previously other-than-temporarily impaired debt securities existing as of the date of initial adoption by making a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The cumulative-effect adjustment potentially reclassifies the noncredit portion of a previously other-than-temporarily impaired debt security held as of the date of initial adoption from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive income. This pronouncement was effective April 1, 2009. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
In April 2009, ASC Topic, “Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments” was issued. This topic essentially expands the disclosure about fair value of financial instruments that were previously required only annually to also be required for interim period reporting. In addition, the topic requires certain additional disclosures regarding the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments.
In March 2008, ASC Topic “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133”, was issued which requires additional disclosures about the objectives of the derivative instruments and hedging activities, the method of accounting for such instruments under this topic and its related interpretations, and a tabular disclosure of the effects of such instruments and related hedged items on our financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. The Company does not expect the adoption of this topic to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, ASC Topic “Business Combinations” was issued. The objective of this statement significantly changes the accounting for business combinations. An acquiring entity will be required to recognize all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a transaction at the acquisition date fair value with limited exceptions. This topic applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2009. The Company does not expect the adoption of this topic to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, ASC Topic “Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements-An Amendment of ARB No. 51” was issued. The objective of this topic is to establish new accounting and reporting standards for the non-controlling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. It is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2009. We do not expect the adoption of this topic to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Note 4 - Common stock transactions
Activity for the period April 11, 2006 (date of inception), to May 31, 2006
On April 20, 2006, we issued 6,000,000 shares of common stock at a price of $0.001 per share to our founder for $6,000 in cash.
Activity for the period June 1, 2006, to May 31,
On November 30, 2006, we issued 900,000 shares at a price of $0.01 per share for cash of $9,000.
Activity for the period June 1, 2007, to May 31, 2008
THERON RESOURCE GROUP
(A Exploration Stage Company)
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MAY 31, 2010
Note 4 - Common stock transactions (continued)
During April and May 2008, the Company received $41,500 and had a subscription receivable in the amount of $8,500 for the issuance of 1,000,000 shares of common stock subscribed for at a price of $0.05 per share pursuant to the Company’s SB-2 registration statement dated October 11, 2007, and three selling shareholders resold 900,000 shares between December 23, 2007, and May 31, 2008. All of the 1,900,000 shares so issued or resold were issued or resold prior to the declaration of an effective date for the Company’s SB-2 registration statement under our mistaken assumption that the registration statement had become effective through the passage of time.
As a result, we made a rescission offering to the subscribers and the selling shareholders to refund their monies with interest if so requested under an S-1 Rescission Offering registration statement. These shares of common stock were subject to rescission by the shareholder because of our failure to comply with securities laws. Rescission rights for individual stockholders vary, based upon the laws of the states in which the stockholders reside. Common stock that is subject to rescission is recorded separately from stockholders' deficiency in a company's balance sheet. As the statute of limitations expire in the respective states, such amounts are reclassified to stockholders' deficiency. The S-1 was effective on April 13, 2009.
Accounting Series Release (“ASR”) No. 268 and Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Topic D-98 require that stock subject to rescission or redemption requirements outside the control of an entity to be classified outside of permanent equity. The exercise of the rescission right is at the holders’ discretion, but exercise of that right may depend in part on the fair value of the entity’s common stock, which is outside of the entity’s and the holders’ control. As a result, common stock subject to rescission was classified as temporary equity.
Activity for the period June 1, 2008, to May 31, 2009
Received $8,500 from the common stock subscriptions receivable at March 31, 2008.
Activity for the period June 1, 2009, to May 31,
No shares were issued during the period.
Note 5 - Common Stock Subject to Rescission
During April and May, 2008, the Company received $41,500 and had a subscription receivable in the amount of $8,500 for 1,000,000 common shares at a price of $0.05 per share subscribed for under the Company’s SB-2. In addition, between December 2007, and May 2008, the selling shareholders as indicated in the SB-2 offering sold 900,000 shares to a total of three new shareholders. All of the 1,900,000 shares issued or resold were sold prior to the declaration of an effective date for the Company’s SB-2 registration statement filed on October 05, 2007, under our mistaken assumption that the registration statement had become effective through the passage of time. All of the subscribers have been informed of this situation.
On April 3, 2009, under an S-1 rescission offering registration statement we offered to rescind a total of 1,900,000 shares of common stock issued or sold by the selling shareholders under its October, 2007, SB-2 registration statement. These shares represented all of the SB-2 shares issued (1,000,000) and the shares (900,000) sold by the selling shareholders for which a purchaser could claim a rescission right. The rescission offer was intended to address the Company’s rescission liability relating to its federal and state securities laws compliance issues by allowing the holders of the shares covered by the rescission offer to rescind the underlying securities transactions and sell those securities back to the Company or recover damages, as the case may be. The rescission statement became effective on April 13, 2009, and closed on May 14, 2009, with no shareholder accepting the offering, i.e., tendering their shares for repurchase. As of the date of this report, Theron has 7,900,000 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.
THERON RESOURCE GROUP
(A Exploration Stage Company)
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MAY 31, 2010
Note 6 - Related party transactions
Officers contributed administrative services to the Company for most periods to May 31, 2008. The time and effort was recorded in the accompanying financial statements based on the prevailing rates for such efforts, which equaled $50 per hour based on the level of services performed. The services are reported as contributed administrative support with a corresponding entry to additional paid-in capital.
In April, 2006 we issued a total of 6,000,000 shares of restricted common stock to our director for $6,000 ($0.001 per share) as founder shares. (Note 4).
As of May 31, 2010, the amount due to a related party consists of an $18,000 advance from our officer and director which was provided for working capital purposes. The balance is non-interest bearing, unsecured and has no fixed terms of repayment.
Note 7 - Commitments
Under the terms of the Option to Purchase and Royalty Agreement, Theron must incur exploration expenditures on the George claims in the minimum amount of $20,000 by August 31, 2008, (paid; an analysis of the work and engineering report are pending) and an additional $40,000 by February 28, 2010, which has not been carried out to date due to the late receipt of an engineering report. In the event that the results of the development phases are unfavorable, the Company will terminate the option and will not be obligated to make any subsequent payments. We have recently (July 15, 2010) received an engineering report on the first phase project and must spend some time reviewing it and its implications before determining future actions. The Vendor has verbally agreed not to terminate the option agreement until at least 180 days after the receipt of the engineering report on the phase I exploration work carried out in mid 2009.
Upon exercise of the option, we are required to pay the owner, commencing May 31, 2010, sum of $25,000 per annum, as prepayment of the net smelter royalty. The Vendor has verbally agreed to delay the requirement to pay the net smelter amount until at least one year after the receipt of the engineering report noted above.
Note 8 - Income Taxes
Theron has losses carried forward for income tax purposes. There are no current or deferred income tax expenses for the period April 11, 2006, through May 31, 2010, due to our loss position and we have fully reserved for any benefits of these losses. Realization of the future tax benefits related to the deferred tax assets is dependent on the Company’s ability to generate taxable income within the net operating loss carry-forward period.
Note 9 - Subsequent Events
There are no subsequent events reportable as of the date of the annual financial statements or the date of this report.
ITEM 9.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN and DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
There were no disagreements related to accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, internal controls or auditing scope or procedure during the two fiscal years and interim periods, including the interim period up through the date the relationship ended.
ITEM 9A(T).
ITEM 9A(T). CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer (our president) and our principal accounting and financial officer (our chief financial officer and treasurer) to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
Our management does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all error and fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that the objectives of a control system are met. Further, any control system reflects limitations on resources and the benefits of a control system must be considered relative to its costs. These limitations also include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of a control. The design of a control system is also based upon certain assumptions about potential future conditions; over time controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected.
As of May 31, 2010, the year end period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, our chief financial and chief executive officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the end of the period covered by this annual report. There have been no significant changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2010, that have materially or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2010. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. A material weakness is a deficiency or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We have identified the following material weaknesses.
1. As of May 31, 2010, we did not maintain effective controls over the control environment. Specifically, we have not developed and effectively communicated to our employees our accounting policies and procedures. This has resulted in inconsistent practices. Further, the Board of Directors does not currently have any independent members and no director qualifies as an audit committee financial expert as defined in Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K. Since these entity level programs have a pervasive effect across the organization, management has determined that these circumstances constitute a material weakness.
2. As of May 31, 2010, we did not maintain effective controls over financial statement disclosure. Specifically, controls were not designed and in place to ensure that all disclosures required were originally addressed in our financial statements. Accordingly, management has determined that this control deficiency constitutes a material weakness.
Because of these material weaknesses, management has concluded that the Company did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 31, 2010, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the company's registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by the company's registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit the company to provide only management's report in this annual report.
ITEM 9B.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS and CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The following individuals were serving as the directors and executive officers of our company as of the date of this annual report. All directors of our company hold office until the next annual meeting of our shareholders or until their successor(s) have been elected and qualified. The executive officers of our company are appointed by our board of directors and hold office until their death, resignation or removal from office.
None of the directors or officers has professional or technical accreditation in the exploration, development or operations of mining or mining related projects. During the past year, our president, Mr. Satchwell, spent approximately 10% of his time (approximately 6 hours per week) on the affairs of Theron. For the coming year, it is anticipated that time commitment and requirement will remain approximately the same.
Business Experience
The following is a brief account of the education and business experience during at least the past five years of each director, executive officer and key employee of our company, indicating the person’s principal occupation during that period, and the name and principal business of the organization in which such occupation and employment were carried out.
Jerry R. Satchwell, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Director - has held his office/position since April 11, 2006, will be spending approximately 6 hours of his time on the affairs of Theron and is expected to hold the office/position until the next annual meeting of our shareholders. Mr. Satchwell is a director who serves as president, secretary, treasurer and chief executive officer and has been, a management and business consultant since 1970 in the areas of mining and petroleum exploration and development. He is in the business of providing financial, management and consulting services, merger and acquisition as well as corporate structuring to development and exploration stage businesses. Prior to that he spent 15 years in corporate finance. He is not a director of any other corporations, public or private.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
During the past five years, none of our officers, directors, promoters or control persons have had any of the following events occur:
• a bankruptcy petition filed by or against any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;
• conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding, excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses;
• being subject to any order, judgment or decree, not substantially reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking business; and/or
• being found by a court of competent jurisdiction, in a civil action, the SEC or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended or vacated.
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our executive officers and directors and persons who own more than 10% of our common stock to file with the SEC initial statements of beneficial ownership, reports of changes in ownership and annual reports concerning their ownership of our common stock and other equity securities, on Forms 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Executive officers, directors and greater than 10% shareholders are required by the SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports that they file.
Based solely on our review of the copies of such forms received by us, or written representations from certain reporting persons, we believe that during fiscal year ended May 31, 2010, all filing requirements applicable to our officers, directors and greater than 10% percent beneficial owners were complied with , with the exception of the following:
(1) Jerry R. Satchwell failed to file a Form 3 - Initial Statement of Beneficial Ownership of Securities and failed to file a Form 5 - Annual Statement of Changes in Beneficial Ownership.
Code of Ethics
Our board of directors on April 22, 2007, adopted a formal written Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Compliance Program for all officers, directors and senior employees. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Program was filed as an exhibit to our Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on October 4, 2007. A copy will be sent without charge to anyone requesting a copy by contacting us at our principal office by letter or e-mail.
Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert
Our board of directors has determined that it does not have a member of its audit committee that qualifies as an ‘audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K, and is “independent” as the term is used in Item 7(d)(3)(iv) of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act.
We believe that the members of our board of directors are collectively capable of analyzing and evaluating our financial statements and understanding internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. We believe that retaining an independent director who would qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” would be overly costly and burdensome and is not warranted in our circumstances given the early stages of our development and the fact that we have not generated any material revenues to date. In addition, we currently do not have nominating, compensation or audit committees or committees performing similar functions nor do we have a written nominating, compensation or audit committee charter. Our board of directors does not believe that it is necessary to have such committees because it believes the functions of such committees can be adequately performed by our board of directors.
Web Site
Theron maintains its Web site at “theron-resource-group.com” and has an e-mail address at “theronventures@gmail.com”.
ITEM 11.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
(a) General
The particulars of the compensation paid to the following persons:
who we will collectively refer to as the named executive officers of our company, are set out in the following summary compensation table, except that no disclosure is provided for any named executive officer, other than our principal executive officers, whose total compensation did not exceed $100,000 for the respective fiscal year.
(b) Summary Compensation Table
Further, Mr. Jerry R. Satchwell is deemed to have received $50 in 2006 - 2007 from Theron for certain administrative services as contributed administrative services with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in capital. No payments were made. Otherwise, Mr. Satchwell, our senior officer and director, has received no compensation for his time or services rendered to Theron and there are no plans to compensate him in the near future, unless and until we begin to realize revenues and become profitable in our business. The fair market value of the 6,000,000 shares of Theron issued to Mr. Satchwell in October, 2006 for cash consideration of $6,000 did not exceed the $0.001 per share that he paid for the shares.
(c) Options Grants During the Last Fiscal Year / Stock Option Plans
We do not currently have a stock option plan in favour of any director, officer, consultant or employee of our company. No individual grants of stock options, whether or not in tandem with stock appreciation rights known as SARs or freestanding SARs have been made to any executive officer or director since our inception; accordingly, no stock options have been granted or exercised by any of the officers or directors since we were founded.
(d) Aggregated Options Exercises in Last Fiscal Year
No individual grants of stock options, whether or not in tandem with stock appreciation rights known as SARs or freestanding SARs have been made to any executive officer or any director since our inception; accordingly, no stock options have been granted or exercised by any of the officers or directors since we were founded.
(e) Long-Tem Incentive Plans and Awards
We do not have any long-term incentive plans that provide compensation intended to serve as incentive for performance. No individual grants or agreements regarding future payouts under non-stock price-based plans have been made to any executive officer or any director or any employee or consultant since our inception; accordingly, no future payouts under non-stock price-based plans or agreements have been granted or entered into or exercised by any of the officers or directors or employees or consultants since we were founded.
(f) Compensation of Directors
The members of the Board of Directors are not compensated by Theron for acting as such. Directors are reimbursed for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred. There are no arrangements pursuant to which directors are or will be compensated in the future for any services provided as a director.
We do not have any agreements for compensating our directors for their services in their capacity as directors, although such directors are expected in the future to receive stock options to purchase shares of our common stock as awarded by our board of directors.
(g) Employment Contracts, Termination of Employment, Change-in-Control Arrangements
There are no employment or other contracts or arrangements with our officers or directors other than those disclosed in this report. There are no compensation plans or arrangements, including payments to be made by Theron, with respect to the officers, directors, employees or consultants of Theron that would result from the resignation, retirement or any other termination of such directors, officers, employees or consultants. There are no arrangements for directors, officers or employees that would result from a change-in-control.
(h) Indebtedness of Directors, Senior Officers, Executive Officers and Other Management
None of our directors or executive officers or any associate or affiliate of our company during the last two fiscal years is or has been indebted to our company by way of guarantee, support agreement, letter of credit or other similar agreement or understanding currently outstanding.
(i) Family Relationships
There are no family relationships between any of our directors, executive officers or directors.
ITEM 12.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT and RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
(a) Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
The following table sets forth, as of the date of this report, the total number of shares owned beneficially by each of our directors, officers and key employees, individually and as a group, and the present owners of 5% or more of our total outstanding shares. The shareholder listed below has direct ownership of his shares and possesses sole voting and dispositive power with respect to the shares.
[1] The person named above may be deemed to be a “parent” and “promoter” of Theron, within the meaning of such terms under the Act by virtue of his direct and indirect stock holdings. Mr. Satchwell is the only “promoter” of Theron Resource Group
[2] The person named above does not have any specified rights to acquire, within sixty (60) days of the date of this report any options, warrants or rights and no conversion privileges or other similar obligations exist.
[3] As of May 31, 2010, and the date of this report.
[4] A beneficial owner of a security includes any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise has or shares: (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote, or to direct the voting of shares; and (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose or direct the disposition of shares. Certain shares may be deemed to be beneficially owned by more than one person (if, for example, persons share the power to vote or the power to dispose of the shares). In addition, shares are deemed to be beneficially owned by a person if the person has the right to acquire the shares (for example, upon exercise of an option) within 60 days of the date as of which the information is provided. In computing the percentage ownership of any person, the amount of shares outstanding is deemed to include the amount of shares beneficially owned by such person (and only such person) by reason of these acquisition rights. As a result, the percentage of outstanding shares of any person as shown in this table does not necessarily reflect the person’s actual ownership or voting power with respect to the number of shares of common stock actually outstanding. As of the date of this report, there were 7,900,000 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding.
(b) Security Ownership of Management
The following table sets forth the names and addresses of each of our directors and officers and their respective date of commencement of their term with Theron. All directors and officers hold office until our next annual general meeting of shareholders or until a successor is appointed.
[1] As of May 31, 2010, and the date of this report.
[2] Common shares beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, or over which control or direction is exercised, as at the date hereof based upon information furnished to Theron by individual directors and officers. All such shares are held directly.
[3] The person named above does not have any specified rights to acquire, within sixty (60) days of the date of this report any options, warrants or rights and no conversion privileges or other similar obligations exist.
The directors, officers and other members of management of Theron, as a group beneficially own, directly or indirectly, 6,000,000 of our common shares, representing 67.4% of the total issued and outstanding securities of Theron as of May 31, 2010, and the date of this report
There are no outstanding stock options.
(c) Equity Compensation Plans
We do not have a stock option plan in favour of any director, officer, consultant or employee of our company.
(d) Changes in Control
We do not anticipate at this time any changes in control of Theron. There are no arrangements either in place or contemplated which may result in a change of control of Theron. There are no provisions within our Articles or Bylaws that would delay or prevent a change of control.
ITEM 13.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS and RELATED TRANSACTIONS, and DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Except as disclosed herein, no director, executive officer, shareholder holding at least 5% of shares of our common stock, or any family member thereof, had any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction, or proposed transaction since the year ended May 31, 2009, in which the amount involved in the transaction exceeded or exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at the year end for the last three completed fiscal years.
ITEM 14.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The aggregate fees billed for the most recently completed fiscal year ended May 31, 2010, and for fiscal year ended May 31, 2009, for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for the audit of our annual financial statements and review of the financial statements included in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for these fiscal periods were as follows:
Audit Fees: The aggregate fees billed for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2010, for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for the audit of our annual financial statements and the review of financial statements included in our filed Form 10Qs were approximately $6,000 as compared to $5,000 for the similar period of the preceding fiscal year and for the period from inception on April 11, 2006, to May 31, 2010, the amount was approximately $18,000.
Audit-Related Fees: The aggregate fees billed for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2009, for assurance and related services by the principal accountant that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review for the audit or review of our annual financial statements and the review of financial statements and are not reported under the previous item, Audit Fees, was approximately $0 versus $0 for the similar period last year and for the period from inception on April 11, 2006, to May 31, 2010, the amount was $0.
Tax Fees: The aggregate fees billed for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2010, and 2009 for professional services rendered by the principal accountant for tax compliance and tax planning was approximately $0 and for the period from inception on April 11, 2006, to May 31, 2010, the amount was approximately $0.
All Other Fees: The aggregate fees billed for the fiscal years ended May 31, 2010, and 2009 for products and services provided by the principal accountant other than the services reported above was $0 and for the period from inception on April 11, 2006, to May 31, 2010, the amount was approximately $0.
Our board of directors has considered the nature and amount of fees billed by our independent auditors and believes that the provision of services for activities unrelated to the audit is compatible with maintaining our independent auditors’ independence.
PART IV
ITEM 15.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) Financial Statements
(1) Financial statements for our company are listed in the index under Item 8 of this report.
(2) All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, not material or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
(b) Exhibits
* Filed herewith
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
THERON RESOURCE GROUP
(Registrant)
By: /s/ “Jerry R. Satchwell”
Jerry R. Satchwell, President, Secretary, Treasurer and Director (Principal
Executive Officer, Chief Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and
Chief Financial Officer)
Date: August 31, 2010
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
By: /s/ “Jerry R. Satchwell”
Jerry R. Satchwell, President, Secretary, Treasurer and Director (Principal
Executive Officer, Chief Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and
Chief Financial Officer)
Date: August 31, 2010