ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
Leveraging a history of more than 70 years, Vectrus, Inc. (Vectrus, the Company, our company, we, us or our) is a leading provider of global service solutions, including facility and logistics services and information technology and network communications services to the United States (U.S.) government in 148 locations and 26 countries and territories across four continents in both stable and unstable political and economic environments. We operate our business based on three core values of Integrity, Respect and Responsibility. A primary strength of our company is our expeditionary nature to recruit U.S. and international personnel, as well as navigate the logistical, legal, and other challenges of operating in multiple challenging overseas locations. We have a proven history of deploying resources rapidly and with precision to support the success of our customers' missions. Our strategy is to advance our competitive profile and further differentiate Vectrus as an innovator in the emerging converged infrastructure market.
Our primary customer is the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), with a large concentration in the U.S. Army. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we had total revenue of $1.4 billion, $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, substantially all of which was derived from U.S. government customers. We operate as one segment.
We employ approximately 7,200 people and engage approximately 6,000 subcontractor personnel around the world. This includes an experienced management team with an average of 33 years of experience in the military, defense industry, and a wide range of U.S. government agencies. Our management team has experience winning new contracts, driving premier operating efficiency, and managing all aspects of the demanding compliance culture required to do business with the U.S. government worldwide. We are also a leading employer of veterans with more than 35% of our employees voluntarily reporting a military background, and we have been recognized numerous times in recent years by veteran-focused organizations as a military-friendly employer.
Vectrus was incorporated as an Indiana corporation in February 2014. In September 2014, Exelis Inc. (Exelis) completed the spin-off (the Spin-off) of Vectrus. Prior to the Spin-off, we were a subsidiary of Exelis that constituted Exelis' Mission Systems business, which was part of Exelis' Information and Technical Services segment. As a result of the Spin-off, Vectrus became an independent, publicly traded company. References in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to Exelis or "Former Parent" refer to Exelis Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (other than Vectrus). Exelis was acquired by Harris Corporation in May 2015.
Acquisitions
In July 2019, Vectrus acquired Advantor Systems Corporation and Advantor Systems, LLC (collectively, Advantor) from Infrasafe Holding, Inc. and Infrasafe, LLC (collectively, Infrasafe). Advantor is a leading provider of integrated electronic security systems to the U.S. government and is the only vertically integrated and accredited Command, Control & Communications (C3) networked security technology platform in the industry. The purchase price of $45.1 million was funded with cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
In January 2018, we acquired SENTEL Corporation, a U.S. government contractor with expertise in logistics and supply chain management, engineering and advanced information technology solutions for spectrum management systems, sensor networks, border and perimeter surveillance systems and other detection systems, and multidisciplinary mission support for various intelligence community clients. The acquisition advanced our strategy to be a leader in the converging physical and digital infrastructure market and enhanced our information technology, technical solutions and logistics capabilities while expanding our client base to customers in the U.S. intelligence community. SENTEL’s customers included the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, Federal Aviation Administration, and the Internal Revenue Service. The purchase price of $36.9 million was funded with cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
Our Business Strategy
Our goal is to be an innovator and leader in the convergence of our clients' physical and digital infrastructure and supply chains. Our overall strategy is to continue to advance our capabilities and competitive profile to further differentiate the company as an innovator and leader in the emerging converged infrastructure market.
We seek to drive growth through the following three strategies: Enhance the Foundation, Expand the Portfolio, and Add More Value. These core strategies will evolve to include more innovative, technology-enabled methods, capabilities and business models. Key components of these strategies, and our progress in executing these strategies, include:
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Enhance the Foundation. We will enhance our business by strengthening our methods and approaches to deliver higher value, high-impact services to our clients, while growing in, and around, our strong foundation in facility and base operations; supply chain and logistics services; information technology mission support; and engineering and digital integration services. One of the components associated with this strategy is the development and execution of growth campaigns to increase our organic revenue generation with both existing and new customers. Our campaigns lay out a deliberate approach to growth in a specific customer set or market by establishing differentiated value, strategic positioning, a tailored attack plan, and a specific goal to build or
take market share leveraging our exceptional execution and service delivery for current customers. In 2019, we built on the success of our U.S. Air Force campaign, by winning new work through our U.S. Navy and U.S, Department of State (DoS) campaigns. Through our Fleet Systems Engineering Team (FSET) program, Spectrum Management Next Generation contract, and Naval Station Guantanamo Bay awards, our Navy campaign is yielding positive results. Total U.S. Navy revenue increased 45% in 2019 compared 2018. Additionally, through these efforts during 2019, Vectrus was awarded its first ever indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contract with the DoS to provide logistics, life and mission support, and other operations and maintenance services in any country where the DoS has a presence. We will continue to focus on executing our campaign efforts in order to further enhance our foundation.
We cultivate an enterprise-wide Vectrus Improvement Project (VIP) culture that challenges every Vectrus employee to implement measurable improvements. The VIPs align with our business objectives, benefiting our clients, employees, and overall performance. We support this VIP culture with an internal reward and recognition program and a robust internal training program, equipping our leaders with the tools to sustain our daily approach to continuous improvement. Our VIPs are a core component of how we deliver higher value, high-impact services to clients that supports growing in and around our foundation.
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Expand the Portfolio. We are focused on creating a higher-value, technology-enabled and differentiated platform through strengthening our Information Technology (IT) competencies and fusing the physical and digital aspects of our clients' facility and logistics missions. We package our capabilities by leveraging our strong foundation in facility and base operations; supply chain and logistics services; information technology mission support; and engineering and digital integration services. In addition, we seek to partner with highly innovative third parties. The result will be a more technology-enabled, differentiated, higher value portfolio.
We are making solid progress in this strategy. In 2019, Vectrus won several IT services contracts, which was driven in part by strengthening our competencies in executing our IDIQ portfolio and leveraging our ability to provide complex mission-critical IT services in austere and challenging environments. In 2019, we won our first task orders as a prime contractor under both the Army’s Information Technology Enterprise Solutions-3 Services (ITES-3S) and Responsive Strategic Sourcing for Services (RS3) IDIQs. Vectrus also was awarded a subcontract to provide Cyber Operations for the Air National Guard, building on another subcontract win to provide defensive cyber operations on all Army networks in the Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM) Area-of-Responsibility (AOR).
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Add More Value. The convergence of our clients' physical and digital infrastructure and supply chains represents an opportunity to improve the outcomes of our clients' missions while creating a higher value, growth-oriented platform. We are structuring our long-term strategy to take advantage of this opportunity and shape our future and purpose by building our capabilities to offer innovative, integrated solutions to customers. This includes creating more predictive, agile and responsive infrastructures and supply chains as well as standardizing, improving, and automating our core operational capabilities to create a significantly differentiated, growth-oriented business.
We made progress on this strategy in 2019 by acquiring Advantor and in continuing to leverage the unique capabilities resulting from the SENTEL acquisition in 2018. Advantor's security solutions protect tens of thousands of facilities and assets and extend our maintenance of facilities to the electronic protection and security of facilities. This acquisition increases our scope and strengthens our value proposition to clients as a fully integrated provider and partner in their installations and facilities.
Additionally, in 2019 Vectrus was awarded its first commercial contract for converged solutions, specifically thermo coating and solar lighting. Clients are asking for our input and assistance in thinking through how smart technologies and converged infrastructure can play a role in their installations of the future. This includes capabilities which allow facilities operators to view trends, monitor and control building energy consumption, and detect equipment faults before they occur; as well as autonomous assessment of DoD infrastructures; and how to advance cyber for operational technologies. Our involvement in these areas is representative of how Vectrus is adding more value and positioning to be a leader in the converged market.
In 2019, we continued to strengthen our enterprise wide performance improvement initiative, which we refer to as Enterprise Vectrus, and identified specific program and support function initiatives to be executed and measured. The focus areas include: delivery excellence, to include program phase-in; evolving our global talent chain; reinforcing supply chain as a core competency; completing the implementation of our modernized IT platform, announced in 2018; and quickening the pace of technology insertions into our current program base and as standalone offerings. The goal of Enterprise Vectrus is to drive process improvement, increase efficiencies and institutionalize repeatable performance to generate consistent, exceptional client outcomes and expand margin over time.
We focus on the following service offerings and solutions in support of the U.S. government: facility and logistics services, information technology and network communications services and operational technologies and converged solutions. We strive
to bring the full depth and breadth of our service capabilities to all of our customers. Our primary geographic areas of operation include Asia, Europe, the Middle East and the U.S.
Facility and Logistics Services
Our facility and logistics services support the U.S. Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marines in both domestic and international environments, geographically ranging from the U.S. to Europe and Southwest Asia.
Facility and logistics capabilities consist of:
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Airfield Management: These services include flight line operations and scheduling; runway maintenance and sweeping; Aerospace Ground Equipment (AGE) operation and maintenance; and navigation aids operation and maintenance.
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Ammunition Management: These services include inventory control, accountability, security and shelf-life management of all ammunition categories, including small arms, explosives, mortars, artillery and missiles.
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Civil Engineering: These services include sustainment of installation facilities and infrastructure and designing, executing and supervising construction projects.
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Communications: These services include classified and unclassified email; voice; Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services; video teleconferencing; help desk operations; data and information management and analysis; and electronic repair.
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Emergency Services: These services include fire, medical and emergency services operations and inspections.
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Equipment Maintenance, Repair and Services: These services include the repair and sustainment of military and commercial wheeled and tracked vehicles; ground support equipment; communications and electronics equipment; weapons; emergency service vehicles and equipment; and subassemblies. We perform various repair functions including Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) testing and repair; small and heavy weapons repair; canvas and component repair; and Test, Measurement and Diagnostic Equipment (TMDE) repair.
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Life Support Activities: These services include postal operations; housing management; lodging management; Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) services; travel office support; laundry services; and food service operations.
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Public Works: These services include utilities; power production and distribution; roads and grounds maintenance; water treatment; potable water production and distribution; solid waste disposal and recycling; and facilities operations, maintenance and repair, which consist of plumbing, electrical, carpentry, vector control, and heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC-R).
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Security: These services include static and mobile security including entry and exit points to U.S. or coalition bases; installation security; residential security; personal security detachment operations in contingency environments; and management of biometric screening, interviews, and security badging.
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Transportation Operations: These services include ground transportation of all commodities; shuttle bus services; movement of personnel and household goods and supplies; support for military unit movements by air, rail and ship; and transportation motor pool (TMP) operations.
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Warehouse Management and Distribution: These services include warehouse management and inventory control for various equipment and commodities ranging from vehicles, weapons and ground support equipment to repair parts, general supplies, barrier material, packaged petroleum products, clothing and equipment, medical supplies and equipment and rations. We also operate various storage distribution activities including Supply Support Activities (SSA); weapons storage sites; fuel distribution points; subsistence storage and distribution points; central receiving and shipping points; Care of Supplies in Storage (COSIS) operations; container storage and distribution points; and Contractor Operated and Maintained Base Supply (COMBS) points.
Information Technology and Network Communications Services
Our information technology and network communications services consist of sustainment of communications systems, network security, systems installation, full life cycle management of information technology systems, system-of-systems engineering and software development, and mission support for the DoD, including the military services and the intelligence community in multiple areas of operation that include Europe, the Middle East, Asia, the U.S., and at sea. To support high standards and performance excellence, our company applies the principles of Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), is certified to the ISO 9001, ISO 20000 and Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) level III standards, and maintains important information assurance, network protection, project management and design credentials for providing these services.
Our information technology and network communications capabilities consist of:
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Communications: These services include complete 24/7/365 communications systems operations and maintenance, including systems administration, network administration, operations and maintenance of technical control facilities, secure and non-secure telephone switch operations, VoIP, multi-media networks, cabling and
distribution infrastructure and video information systems. Our support also includes contingency and backup site operations.
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Management and Service Support: These services include full life cycle management and service delivery support functions, including preventative maintenance scheduling, material supply control functions, help desk support, training, electronic repair, logistics trend analysis, configuration control, project support agreements, technical reports, parts lists, site survey reports, systems as-built documentation and computer-aided design and drafting.
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Network and Cybersecurity: These services include network cyber-center operations, information assurance, and data and information management and analysis.
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Systems Installation and Activation: These services include engineering and technical support to identify and define systems requirements, determine capabilities and delineate and define interfaces, protocols, required upgrades, installation/de-installation, testing, integration, modification, documentation, troubleshooting, and training pertaining to information technology and command, control, communications, computer, and intelligence (C4I) systems.
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System-of-Systems Engineering and Software Development: These services include engineering and technology solutions focused on high priority mission challenges for defense and national security customers.
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Mission Support: These services include comprehensive mission support, from intelligence analysis to technical support, for customers across the intelligence and defense communities.
Operational Technologies and Converged Solutions
Operational Technologies and Converged Solutions delivers technology enabled services and solutions, which includes proprietary hardware, software, and sensor packages that are uniquely designed to complement and integrate with our Facility and Logistics Services and Information Technology and Network Communications Services. These services seek to quicken the pace of technology insertions into our current program base to improve efficiency and transparency, and have further benefits as standalone offerings. Our current services include sensor and systems integration, energy management, cybersecurity assessment and remediation planning for operational technology, electromagnetic spectrum engineering, energy resiliency and management, and integrated electronic security monitoring systems. These services support the DoD, including the military services and the intelligence community as well as foreign military sales and federal civilian agencies, including the Department of Homeland Security and Department of State.
Our operational technologies and converged solutions capabilities consist of:
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Integrated Electronic Security Monitoring Systems: This includes a vertically integrated and accredited C3 networked security technology platform; threat assessment; mission-specific end-to-end / turn-key security systems, integrated security products (proprietary and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components), integrated electronic security system design, install, training and sustainment.
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Sensor and Visualization Technologies: As a leader in sensor and systems integration, Vectrus provides enhanced situational awareness for the following programs by creating cyber-physical systems and by linking sensors, devices, and disparate data sources with analytic and visualization solutions. Vectrus develops, integrates and measures technologies to solve operational problems using sensor and visualization capabilities. Vectrus has additional expertise in combining appropriate layers of sensor activity to achieve a customer’s mission outcome, including chemical and biological sensors, radar and others, which improve mission operations. This includes, Visualization of operations in real time, Warehouse and inventory management, Predictive and Alert-Based Maintenance, Work Order Management, Border and Perimeter Surveillance, Transportation Management, Logistics Command Center, Queue Smoothing, and Smart Base.
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Energy Solutions: Vectrus develops, integrates, measures and validates energy solutions to improve the resiliency of infrastructure while reducing cost. These include Vectrus-branded thermal coating, Vectrus-branded water purification, solar lighting, light emitting diode (LED) lighting, cybersecurity assessment and remediation planning for operational technology, measurement and validation, and mobile power generation.
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Electromagnetic Interoperability: Vectrus brings over 30 years of electromagnetic spectrum engineering experience to manage and promote the efficient use of radio frequencies through research, development, testing, deployment, and evaluation for federal, commercial, and international clients. We provide a full suite of electromagnetic maneuver engineering support including, Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) Analysis, Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations (EMSO), Spectrum Supportability Risk Assessment (SSRA), Real Time/Cognitive Spectrum Operations, Spectrum Certification and Frequency Management.
Customers
We attribute the strength of our relationship with the DoD to our dedication to program performance, global responsiveness and operational excellence, as well as our core values of Integrity, Respect and Responsibility. We treat sales to our U.S. government customers as sales within the U.S. regardless of where the services are performed.
Revenue by U.S. government customer for the periods presented below was as follows:
Key customer services contracts include the following:
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Kuwait Base Operations and Security Support Services in Kuwait (K-BOSSS). Our largest base operations support services contract supports geographically dispersed primary operating locations within the State of Kuwait, including several camps and a range training complex. K-BOSSS provides critical base operations support and security support services including forms, publications, and reproduction services; postal operations; range maintenance; logistics; information management; public works; environmental services; engineering services; medical administrative support; installation services; security services; and fire and emergency services.
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Operations, Maintenance and Defense of Army Communications in Southwest Asia and Central Asia (OMDAC-SWACA). We provide the operations, maintenance and defense of the Army’s communications network across multiple locations in the Middle East and Central Asia. Technical support activities include the Southwest Asia Regional Cyber-Center (RCC-SWA) operations, regional network operations and security centers (RNOSCs), local area and wide area network administration, systems administration, service desk administration, computer repair (ADPE), email administration, the Defense Red Switch Network, satellite communications, microwave communications, tower and antenna maintenance, technical control facilities, high frequency and ultra-high frequency radios, telephone switches, telephone operations, inside and outside cable plants, prime power and backup power generators, HVAC systems, uninterruptible power supplies, logistics support services, and other contingency requirements for the warfighter.
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Turkey and Spain Base Management (TSBMC II). We provide civil engineering, airfield support, facilities support, transportation, food services and fire and emergency management services support for all U.S. Air Force bases in Turkey and Spain. TSBMC II is the largest U.S. Air Force service contract in Europe and Africa. Our Spain operations support U.S. Marine Corps presence throughout Africa, while our Turkey operations support coalition forces efforts in Syria and Iraq. We also provide support to the Office of Defense Cooperation in Ankara, Turkey and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Land Command in Izmir, Turkey.
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Maxwell Air Force Base Operations Support in Montgomery, Alabama (MAXWELL). We operate and maintain the key facilities at the Air University, which provides the full spectrum of Air Force education, from pre-commissioning to the highest levels of professional military education such as the Air War College. We perform facility maintenance, airfields operations and equipment maintenance, communication architecture support and minor construction.
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Thule Air Force Base Operations Support in Greenland (THULE). We provide base operations and maintenance services under extreme weather conditions to the Thule Air Base (AB) in Greenland. The base operations and maintenance services consist of supply, fuel, and airfield management; transportation operations; civil engineering; environmental management; health services; food services; temporary lodging; recreation services; community services; and non-sensitive communication services. The Thule AB is home to the 821st Air Base Group and host to both the Early Warning Radar (EWR) 12th Space Warning Squadron and the Air Force Satellite Control Network Detachment 1 Polar Orbiting Geophysical Observatory (DET1/POGO) 23rd Space Operations Squadron. EWR is one of many worldwide sensors reporting missile warning and space surveillance information to the North American Aerospace Defense command center in Cheyenne Mountain Air Station. DET 1/POGO is one of the 50th Space Wing’s remote satellite stations.
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Operations, Maintenance, and Supply - Europe (OPMAS-E). We provide IT support and services for the 2nd Signal Brigade G-6 mission within the U.S. Army Europe, U.S. European Command and U.S. Africa Command areas of operation. These services include deployed IT services and support in Kosovo, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, and Israel; defense red switch network hubs, information systems and communication infrastructures,
which include: asynchronous transfer mode, synchronous optical network radios, dense wave division multiplexing and multiprotocol label switching systems, coalition network systems, and secure local area network systems; and communication security management. We provide subject matter expertise in areas ranging from help desk support to video teleconferencing and data communications capabilities.
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Fleet Systems Engineering Team (FSET II). We provide on-site technical and end-to-end systems engineering support for C4I systems for the U.S. Navy. FSET II assures effective operations for all afloat and ashore C4I systems throughout the deployment cycle and provides systems engineering and technical support for rapid introduction of new capabilities into the fleet. Our engineers conduct on-site troubleshooting and maintenance assistance for problems that cross multiple C4I systems, provide over-the-shoulder training on C4I systems, and develop and implement technical processes crossing multiple C4I systems.
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Fort Bragg Logistics Support Services under the Enhanced Army Global Logistics Enterprise (EAGLE). The Fort Bragg Logistics Readiness Center (LRC) serves as the primary logistics provider for maintenance, supply and services, and transportation support to the installation. Our services include: equipment maintenance and repair in support of both installation support equipment and unit tactical equipment; warehousing operations for ammunition, clothing and equipment, hazardous material, general supplies, and subsistence items; and airfield terminal operations, local and charter bus/transportation support and services, coordination and inspection of moving and storage services, and the conduct of air/rail/ground transportation planning and operational support services.
Competition
Our competition varies depending on our service offerings. In facility and logistics services, our primary competitors are PAE Facilities Management (PAE), Delta Tucker Holdings, Inc. (DynCorp International), KBR Inc., Fluor Corporation and AECOM. Our principal competitors in information technology and network communications services include divisions of Leidos Holdings, Inc., Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Peraton, and General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc. (GDIT). There are typically fewer competitors in the overseas market for each of our services capabilities.
The U.S. government has implemented policies designed to protect small businesses and under-represented minority contractors. From time to time, certain U.S. government work in the U.S. has been restricted to small businesses, including Alaska native companies. We participate with these small businesses as a subcontractor for select opportunities, as appropriate. In addition, we rely on our teaming relationships with other prime contractors and subcontractors in order to submit bids for large procurements or other opportunities where we believe the combination of services will help us to win and perform the contract. Our competitors may consolidate or establish teaming or other relationships among themselves or with third parties to increase their ability to address customers’ needs.
Competitive bids for the work that Vectrus pursues are based on technical qualifications and corporate experience in performing contracts of similar size and scope and are highly price sensitive. While not every contract is procured via selection of the lowest priced bidder, customers are sensitive to cost based on their budget allocations. Acquisition cycles are long (generally 12 to 24 months), and contracts are typically multi-year contracts that include an initial period of one-year or less with annual one-year (or less) option periods for the remaining contract period.
Some U.S. government customers have shown a strong preference for multiple award IDIQ contracts. These contracts offer awards to a pool of contractors, followed by competition within the pool for individual programs via task orders under each IDIQ over the period of performance. The period of performance under IDIQ contracts follows a traditional three-to-ten-year performance cycle. The governing IDIQ contracts often have multi-billion-dollar ceiling values.
Our company closely monitors costs to foster highly competitive pricing and uses an in-house business development model both to manage the cost of revenue and capture opportunities for future bids.
Seasonality
We do not consider any material portion of our business to be seasonal. However, various factors can affect the distribution of our revenue between accounting periods, including the timing of awards, product deliveries, customer acceptance of products and services, contract phase-in durations, contract completions, and the availability of customer funding. Weather and natural phenomena can also temporarily affect the performance of our services.
The U.S. government's fiscal year ends on September 30 of each year. U.S. government agencies may award extra tasks or complete other contract actions in the time frame leading up to the end of its fiscal year in order to avoid the loss of unexpended fiscal year funds, which may favorably impact our third fiscal quarter.
Regulatory Environment
The U.S. government markets in which we serve are highly regulated. When working with U.S. agencies and entities, we are subject to laws and regulations relating to the creation, administration and performance of contracts. Among other things, these laws and regulations:
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Require compliance with government standards for contract administration, accounting and management internal control systems;
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Define allowable and unallowable costs and otherwise govern our right to reimbursement under various flexibly priced U.S. government contracts;
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Require certification and disclosure of all cost and pricing data in connection with certain contract negotiations;
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Require us not to compete for, or to divest ourselves of, work if an organizational conflict of interest exists related to such work that cannot be appropriately mitigated; and
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Restrict the use and dissemination of information classified for national security purposes and the exportation of certain products and technical data.
U.S. government contracts generally are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), which sets forth policies, procedures and requirements for the acquisition of goods and services by the U.S. government, agency-specific regulations that implement or supplement FAR, such as the DoD’s Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS), and other applicable laws and regulations. These regulations impose a broad range of requirements, many of which are unique to government contracting, including various rules regarding procurement, import and export, security, contract pricing and cost, allowable costs, contract performance, contract termination and adjustment, audits, and IT system security and privacy controls. In addition, as government contractors, we are subject to routine audits and investigations by U.S. government agencies, such as the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) and the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA). These agencies review our performance, cost structure, incurred costs, forward pricing rates and compliance with applicable laws, regulations and standards under our contracts. The DCAA also reviews the adequacy of and our compliance with our internal control systems and policies, including our accounting, purchasing, government property, estimating, and related government business systems.
The U.S. government may revise its procurement practices or adopt new or revised contract rules and regulations at any time. To help ensure compliance with these complex laws and regulations, all of our employees are required to complete ethics and other compliance training relevant to their respective positions.
We are subject to other U.S. government laws, regulations and policies, including the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the False Claims Act. When working overseas, we must comply not only with applicable U.S. laws and regulations, but also with foreign government laws, regulations and procurement policies and practices, which may differ from U.S. laws, including regulations relating to import-export control, foreign tax considerations, data privacy, foreign labor and environmental law, and anti-corruption.
Contracts
U.S. government programs generally are implemented by the award of individual contracts to a prime contractor, which may utilize one or more subcontractors. Our company usually is a prime contractor on long-term contracts that are of a finite duration of generally between three and ten years. We were the prime contractor on contracts representing 94%, 94% and 97% of our revenue for the three years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. In other contracts, we team with the prime contractor as a subcontractor. The U.S. Congress usually appropriates funds on a fiscal year basis even though a program may extend across several fiscal years. Consequently, programs are often only partially funded initially, and additional funds are committed only as the U.S. Congress approves further appropriations. Prior to the expiration of a contract, if the customer requires further services of the type provided by the contract, it typically begins a competitive rebidding or recompete process. The contracts and subcontracts under a program generally are subject to termination for convenience or adjustment if appropriations for such programs are not available or if they change. The U.S. government is required to equitably adjust a contract for additions to or reductions in scope or other changes, including price, which it directs.
Generally, the sales price elements for our contracts are cost-plus, cost-reimbursable or firm-fixed-price. We commonly have elements of cost-plus, cost-reimbursable and firm-fixed-price contracts on a single contract.
On a cost-plus type contract, we are paid our allowable incurred costs plus a profit, which can be fixed or variable depending on the contract’s fee arrangement, up to funding levels predetermined by our customers. On cost-plus type contracts, we do not bear the risks of unexpected cost overruns, provided that we do not incur costs that exceed the predetermined funded amounts. Most of our cost-plus contracts also contain a firm-fixed-price element. Cost-plus type contracts with award and incentive fee provisions are our primary variable contract fee arrangement. Award fees provide for a fee based on actual performance relative to contractually specified performance criteria. Incentive fees provide for a fee based on the relationship between total allowable and target cost.
On most of our contracts, a cost-reimbursable element captures consumable materials required for the program. Typically, these costs do not bear fees.
A firm-fixed-price type contract typically offers higher profit margin potential than a cost-plus type contract, which is commensurate with the greater levels of risk we assume on a firm-fixed-price type contract. On a firm-fixed-price type contract, we agree to perform the contractual statement of work for a predetermined contract price. Although a firm-fixed-price type contract generally permits us to retain profits if the total actual contract costs are less than the estimated contract costs, we bear the risk that increased or unexpected costs may reduce our profit or cause us to sustain losses on the contract. Although the overall scope of work required under the contract may not change, profit may be adjusted as experience is gained and as efficiencies are realized or costs are incurred.
The percentage of our total revenue generated from each contract type for the periods presented was as follows:
Backlog
For a discussion of our backlog, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Backlog” in Item 7 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Environmental, Health and Safety
We are subject to federal, state, local, and foreign environmental protection laws and regulations, including those governing the management and disposal of hazardous substances, the cleanup of contaminated sites, and the maintenance of a safe and healthy workplace for our employees, contractors, and visitors. Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations are subject to change, the nature of which is inherently unpredictable, and the timing of potential changes is uncertain. Environmental, health and safety requirements are significant factors affecting all of our operations, and we have established a comprehensive program to address compliance with applicable environmental, health and safety requirements.
Employees
Integrity, Respect and Responsibility are our core values. We maintain rigorous compliance and other corporate responsibility programs that are intended to ensure a safe and secure work environment and compliance with government regulations as well as allow employees to voice any concerns while knowing that matters raised will be appropriately addressed. Our company employs people of diverse backgrounds and we believe that our diversity enhances our creativity and enriches our work culture. We are committed to good corporate citizenship and intend to always seek to maintain the trust and support of the communities in which our employees work and live.
Our global workforce is comprised of approximately 7,200 employees and approximately 6,000 subcontracted workers, spanning 148 locations in 26 countries and territories. Approximately 2,400 of our employees are represented under 18 collective bargaining agreements with labor unions. In the ordinary course of business, a number of collective bargaining agreements will be subject to renegotiation in a given year. We do not expect that any of the contracts subject to renegotiation in 2020 (individually or as a whole) present a significant risk to our business. We believe that relations with our employees and union representatives are positive.
Information about our Executive Officers
The following table sets forth certain information as of January 31, 2020 regarding our executive officers, including a five-year employment history and any directorships held in public companies.
Available Information
Our website address is www.vectrus.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to these reports are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file those reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The information provided on our website is not part of this report, and is therefore not incorporated by reference, unless such information is otherwise specifically referenced elsewhere in this report. Our reports filed with the SEC also may be found on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
ITEM 1A.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider each of the following risks, which we believe are the principal risks that we face and of which we are currently aware, and all of the other information in this report. The risks described below relate to our business, governmental regulations, financial conditions and markets, the Spin-off, and our securities.
Should any of the following risks and uncertainties develop into actual events, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
A significant portion of our revenue is derived from a few large contracts, and the loss or material reduction of any of these contracts could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows.
Aggregate revenue from our two largest contracts amounted to approximately $0.7 billion, or 51.4% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019, our two largest contracts were the K-BOSSS and the OMDAC-SWACA contracts. The K-BOSSS contract is exercised through March 28, 2020 with an additional six-month option through September 28, 2020. The K-BOSSS contract was re-competed as a task order under the Logistics Civil Augmentation Program Five (LOGCAP V) contract vehicle, which was awarded on April 12, 2019. Each basic IDIQ contract ordering period will be an
initial five-year ordering period and options for five additional one-year ordering periods. Vectrus is one of the four award recipients of the basic IDIQ contract and received task orders in the INDOPACOM Setting the Theater Task Order and associated Performance Task Order and the CENTCOM Setting the Theater Task Order and associated Performance Task Order (the LOGCAP V Award). Four of the LOGCAP V offerors filed protests of the awards. In February 2020 three of the four protests were dismissed and the result of the remaining protest is pending in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
Performance on the OMDAC-SWACA contract is currently exercised through August 28, 2020. The K-BOSSS and OMDAC-SWACA contracts each accounted for more than 10% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the transition from K-BOSSS to LOGCAP V will continue to have a significant impact on our revenue. Our revenue, results of operations and cash flows are highly dependent on these existing contracts and LOGCAP V. The loss or material reduction of any of these contracts could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, results of operations and cash flows. See "Recent Developments" and "Significant Contracts" in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We may not be successful in winning new contracts or recompeting our existing contracts, which could have an adverse impact on our business and prospects.
Our contracts with the federal government are typically awarded through a rigorous competitive bidding process. This competitive bidding process presents a number of risks, including the following:
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We may bid on programs for which the work activities, deliverables, and timelines are vague or for which the solicitation incompletely describes the actual work, which may result in inaccurate pricing assumptions;
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We may incur substantial costs and spend a significant amount of managerial time and effort preparing bids and proposals; and
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We may realize the lost opportunity cost of not bidding on and winning other contracts that we may have pursued otherwise.
If we are unable to win a particular new contract, we may be prevented from providing the customer the services that are purchased under that contract for a number of years.
In addition, we face rigorous competition and pricing pressures for any additional contract awards from the U.S. government. Some of our existing contracts must be recompeted when their original period of performance ends. Recompetes represent opportunities for competitors to take market share away from us. Recompetes also represent opportunities for our customers to obtain more favorable terms and discounts from us. We may be required to qualify or continue to qualify under the various multiple award task order contract criteria. Therefore, it may be more difficult for us to win future task orders. If we are unable to consistently win new contract awards, or successfully recompete our existing contracts, our business and prospects will be adversely affected, and our actual results may differ materially and adversely from those anticipated.
Competition within our markets may reduce our revenue and market share.
Our business is highly competitive, and we compete with larger companies that have greater name recognition, greater financial resources, and larger technical staffs, as well as companies with a competitive advantage due to a small business designation. Within our industry, companies have engaged in merger and acquisition activity, with a goal to increase their competitive position. Our competitors may provide our customers with different or greater capabilities or better contract terms than we can provide, including past contract experience, geographic presence, price, and the availability of qualified professional personnel. In addition, our competitors may consolidate or establish teaming or other relationships among themselves or with third parties to increase their ability to address customers’ needs.
Even if we are qualified to work on a government contract, we may not be awarded the contract because of existing government policies designed to assist small businesses and other designated classifications of business, such as under-represented minority contractors. Accordingly, larger or new competitors, alliances among competitors, or competitors designated as small business contractors may emerge that may adversely affect our ability to compete. If we are unable to compete successfully against our current or future competitors, we may experience declines in revenue and market share, which could negatively impact our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Our earnings and margins may vary based on the mix of our contracts, our performance, and our ability to control costs.
We generate revenue under various types of contracts, which include cost-plus, cost-reimbursable (including non-fee-bearing costs) and firm-fixed-price. Our earnings and profitability may vary materially depending on changes in the proportionate amount of revenue derived from each type of contract, the nature of services provided, as well as the achievement of performance objectives and the stage of performance at which the right to receive fees, particularly under incentive and award fee contracts, is finally determined. Cost-reimbursable contracts generally have lower profitability than firm-fixed-price contracts. Our profitability is adversely affected when we incur contract costs that we cannot bill to our customers. Profitability also may be adversely affected
during the start of a new contract due to initial spending necessary to successfully complete phase-in requirements. For example, as we begin the phase-in process for LOGCAP V, we are required to outlay certain amounts of capital to be able to perform under the contract after the protests of the LOGCAP V Award have concluded, which amounts we may or may not recoup from the U.S. government. To varying degrees, each of our contract types involves some risk that we could underestimate the costs and resources necessary to fulfill the contract. While firm-fixed-price contracts allow us to benefit from cost savings, these contracts also increase our exposure to the risk of cost overruns. Revenue derived from firm-fixed-price contracts represented approximately 24% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. When making proposals on firm-fixed-price contracts, we rely heavily on our estimates of costs and timing for completing the associated projects, as well as assumptions regarding technical issues. In each case, our failure to accurately estimate costs or the resources needed to perform our contracts or to effectively manage and control our costs during the performance of our work could result in reduced profits or in losses. If we incur costs in excess of initial estimates or funding on a contract, we generally seek reimbursement for those costs, but we may not be able to negotiate full recovery for these costs. More generally, any increased or unexpected costs or unanticipated delays in connection with the performance of our contracts, including costs and delays caused by contractual disputes or other factors outside of our control, such as performance failures of our subcontractors, natural disasters or other force majeure events, could make our contracts less profitable than expected or unprofitable. The U.S. and other countries also may experience increases in inflation. A significant increase in inflation rates could adversely impact the profitability of these contracts.
In addition, our failure to perform to customer expectations or contract requirements may result in reduced fees or claims made against us by our customers and may affect our financial performance in that period. Under each type of contract, if we are unable to control costs, our operating results could be adversely affected, particularly if we are unable to justify an increase in contract value to our customers. Cost overruns or the failure to perform on existing programs also may adversely affect our ability to retain existing programs and win future contract awards.
U.S. government contracts are only partially funded, and the termination, expiration or non-renewal of our existing U.S. government contracts may adversely affect our business.
The U.S. government services marketplace is characterized by contracts of shorter duration as compared to large production and systems integration programs. U.S. government services contracts generally are of a finite duration of five years and usually range between three and ten years. The U.S. Congress usually appropriates funds on a fiscal year basis even though a program may extend across several fiscal years. Consequently, programs are often only partially funded initially, and additional funds are committed only as the U.S. Congress approves further appropriations. The termination or reduction of funding for a U.S. government program would result in a loss of anticipated future revenue attributable to that program, which could have an adverse impact on our operations. In addition, the termination of a program or the failure to commit additional funds to a program that already has been started could result in lost revenue and increase our overall costs of doing business.
The U.S. government may terminate any of our government contracts, in whole or in part, at any time at its convenience with little or no notice. The U.S. government may also terminate our contracts for default if we fail to meet our obligations under a contract. If any of our contracts were terminated for convenience, we generally would be entitled to receive payment for work completed and allowable termination or cancellation costs. If any of our government contracts were terminated for default, generally the customer would pay us only for the work that has been accepted; moreover, the customer can require us to pay the difference between the original contract price and the cost to re-procure the contract deliverables, net of the work accepted from the original contract. In addition, the U.S. government can also hold us liable for damages resulting from the default.
The expiration, non-renewal or termination of any of our government contracts, whether for convenience or default, would adversely affect our current programs and reduce our revenue, earnings and cash flows. A termination for default may also negatively affect our reputation, performance ratings and our ability to win new contracts, particularly for contracts covering the same or similar types of services.
We work in international locations where there are high security risks, which could result in harm to our employees and contractors or the incurrence of substantial costs.
Some of our services, including using subcontractors, are performed in high-risk locations, including but not limited to, Iraq, Afghanistan, certain parts of Africa and the Middle East, where the country or surrounding area may have unstable governments, or in areas of military conflict, or hostile and unstable environments, including war zones, or at military installations. These operations increase the risk of an incident resulting in damage or destruction to our work or living sites or resulting in injury or loss of life to our employees, subcontractors or other third parties. We maintain insurance to mitigate risk and potential liabilities related to our international operations, but our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover these claims and liabilities and we may be forced to bear substantial costs arising from those claims. The impact of these factors is difficult to predict, but any one or more of them could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We are dependent on the U.S. government and, if our reputation or relationship with the U.S. government was harmed, our revenue and growth prospects could be adversely affected.
Essentially all of our 2019, 2018, and 2017 revenue was derived from services ultimately sold to the U.S. government, primarily the DoD, either as a prime contractor or as a subcontractor to other contractors engaged in work for the U.S. government. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we generated approximately 69% of our total revenue from the U.S. Army. We expect to continue to derive all or most of our revenue from work performed under U.S. government contracts. Our reputation and relationship with the U.S. government, and in particular with the branches and agencies of the DoD, are key factors in maintaining and growing this revenue. Negative press reports or publicity, which could pertain to employee or subcontractor misconduct, conflicts of interest, termination of a contract or task order, poor contract performance, deficiencies in services, reports or other deliverables, information security breaches, business system disapprovals, or other aspects of our business, regardless of accuracy, could harm our reputation, particularly with these branches and agencies. If our reputation is negatively affected, we lose our ability to conduct business in a foreign country (e.g., loss of business license), we lose a required security clearance, or we are suspended or debarred from contracting with government agencies or any branch of the DoD for any reason, the amount of our business with the U.S. government and other customers could decrease and our future revenue and growth prospects could be adversely affected.
We are subject to legal and regulatory compliance risks associated with operating internationally.
Our U.S. government contracts operating internationally represented approximately 78% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. We are subject to a variety of U.S. and foreign laws and regulations, including, without limitation, business compliance, tax and anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. We also employ international personnel and engage with foreign subcontractors and labor brokers, which requires compliance with numerous foreign laws and regulations related to labor, benefits, taxes, insurance and reporting requirements, among others, such as the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Failure by us or our subcontractors or vendors to comply with these laws and regulations could result in administrative, civil, or criminal liabilities, suspension or debarment from government contracts, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our business operations are also subject to additional risks associated with conducting business internationally, including, without limitation:
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Political instability in foreign countries;
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Terrorist activity by various groups in the areas in which we operate;
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Imposition of inconsistent foreign laws, regulations or policies or changes in or interpretations of such laws, regulations or policies;
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Currency exchange controls, fluctuations of currency and foreign exchange rates, and currency revaluations;
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Conducting business in places where laws, business practices and customs are unfamiliar or unknown; and
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Imposition of limitations on or increases in withholding and other taxes on payments by foreign operations.
Our failure to adapt to or mitigate these risks could affect our ability to conduct our business internationally and adversely affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Our business could be adversely affected by bid protests.
We may experience additional costs and delays if our competitors protest or challenge awards of contracts to us in competitive bidding, including for example, the protests related to our LOGCAP V Award. Any such protest or challenge could result in the resubmission of bids on modified specifications, or in the termination, reduction or modification of the awarded contract. It can take a significant amount of time to resolve contract protests and, in the interim, the contracting U.S. federal agency may suspend our performance under the contract pending the outcome of the protest. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of protests and, in the case of the LOGCAP V Award protests, the outcome may have a significant impact on our business.
In addition, we may protest the contract awards of our competitors when we believe it is prudent to do so to protect our rights and interest in the competition. This process requires the time, effort and attention of our management and employees and incurs additional costs.
Misconduct of our employees, subcontractors, agents, prime contractors or business partners could cause us to lose customers and could have a significant adverse impact on our business and reputation, adversely affecting our ability to obtain new contracts.
Misconduct, fraud or other improper activities by our employees, subcontractors, agents, prime contractors or business partners could have a material adverse impact on our business and reputation. Such misconduct could include the failure to comply with federal, state, local or foreign government procurement regulations, regulations regarding the protection of classified or personal information, legislation regarding the pricing of labor and other costs in government contracts, laws and regulations relating to environmental matters, bribery of foreign government officials, lobbying or similar activities, boycotts, antitrust and any other applicable laws or regulations. Misconduct involving data security lapses resulting in the compromise of personal information or the improper use of our customer’s sensitive or classified information could result in remediation costs, regulatory sanctions against us and serious harm to our reputation. Although we have implemented policies, procedures and controls and training that are designed to prevent and detect these activities, these precautions may not prevent all misconduct and as a result, we could face unknown risks or losses. Misconduct by any of our employees, subcontractors, agents, prime contractors or business partners or our failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations could subject us to fines and penalties, loss of security clearance, loss of current and future customer contracts and suspension or debarment from contracting with federal, state or local government agencies, any of which would adversely affect our business, our reputation and our future financial results.
Uncertainties in the U.S. government defense budget, changes in spending or budgetary priorities or delays in contract awards may significantly and adversely affect our future revenue and limit our growth prospects.
Our contracts and revenue primarily depend upon the U.S. DoD budget, which is subject to the congressional budget authorization and appropriations process and is difficult to predict. The U.S. Congress usually appropriates funds for a given program on a September 30 fiscal year basis, even though contract periods of performance may extend over many years. Consequently, at the beginning of a major program, the contract is usually partially funded, and additional monies are committed to the contract by the procuring agency only as appropriations are made by Congress in future fiscal years. DoD budgets are a function of a number of factors beyond our control, including, but not limited to, changes in U.S. procurement policies, budget considerations, current and future economic conditions, presidential administration and congressional priorities, government shutdowns, changing national security and defense requirements, geopolitical developments and actual fiscal year congressional appropriations for defense budgets. Any of these factors could result in a significant redirection of current and future DoD budgets and impact our future operations and cash flows. Such factors may have direct bearing on our new business opportunities as well as on whether the U.S. government will exercise its options for services under existing contracts, thus affecting the timing and volume of our business. Although the Bipartisan Budget Act reduces budget uncertainty and the risk of sequestration, there remain risks associated with fiscal year (FY) 2021 and future appropriations. If annual appropriations bills are not enacted, the U.S. government may operate under a continuing resolution (CR), restricting new contract or program starts and additional government shutdowns, which might involve all government agencies, including the DoD, could arise. Future CR’s and government shutdowns may lead to delays in procurement of services due to lack of funding, and those delays may adversely affect our revenue, results of operations and cash flow.
The U.S. government also conducts periodic reviews of U.S. defense strategies and priorities, which may shift DoD budgetary priorities, reduce DoD spending or delay contract or task order awards for defense related programs. A reduction in U.S. government defense spending, changing defense spending priorities or delays in contract or task order awards could potentially reduce our future revenue, earnings and cash flow and have a material impact on our business.
Our profitability or performance could suffer if we are unable to recruit and retain qualified personnel or if we are unable to maintain adequate staffing levels for our contracts.
Due to the specialized nature of our business, our future performance and rate of growth is highly dependent upon the continued services of our personnel and executive officers, the development of additional management personnel and the hiring of new qualified technical, marketing, sales and management personnel for our operations. Recruitment of qualified personnel is highly competitive, and we may not be successful in attracting or retaining qualified personnel. The loss of key employees, our inability to attract new qualified employees or adequately train employees or the delay in hiring key personnel could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In addition, our profitability is affected by how efficiently we utilize our workforce, including our ability to transition employees from completed contracts to new assignments, to hire and assimilate new employees; to hire personnel in or timely deploy expatriates to foreign countries; to manage attrition and a subcontractor workforce; and to devote time and resources to training, business development, professional development and other non-chargeable activities.
Some of our workforce is represented by labor unions, and our business could be harmed in the event of a prolonged work stoppage.
Approximately 2,400 of our employees, or approximately 34% of our employee base at December 31, 2019, are unionized. We have 18 collective bargaining agreements with labor unions. We cannot predict how stable our union relationships will be or whether we will be able to successfully negotiate successor agreements without impacting our financial condition. In addition, the presence of unions may limit our flexibility in dealing with our workforce. Work stoppages by our union employees could negatively impact our ability to provide services to our customers on a timely basis, which could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.
Our earnings and margins depend, in part, on subcontractor performance.
We rely on third-party subcontractors to perform some of the services that we provide to our customers. Disruptions or performance problems caused by our subcontractors could have an adverse effect on our ability as a prime contractor or higher tier subcontractor to meet our commitments to customers.
We may have disputes with our subcontractors arising from, among other things, the quality and timeliness of work performed by the subcontractor, customer concerns about the subcontractor, our failure to extend existing task orders or issue new task orders under a subcontract, proper invoicing, cost reasonableness, allocability, allowability, the hiring of each other’s personnel, adjustments to the scope of the subcontractor’s work, or the subcontractor’s failure to comply with applicable law or regulations. Uncertain economic conditions heighten the risk of financial stress of our subcontractors, which could adversely impact their ability to meet their contractual requirements to us. If any of our subcontractors fail to timely meet their contractual obligations or have regulatory compliance or other problems, our ability to fulfill our obligations may be jeopardized. Significant losses could arise in future periods and subcontractor performance deficiencies could result in our termination for default.
Our business depends upon obtaining and maintaining required facility security clearance and individual security clearances.
Many of our federal government contracts require our employees to maintain various levels of security clearances complying with U.S. government requirements. Obtaining and maintaining security clearances for employees involves a lengthy process and it can be difficult to identify, recruit and retain employees who already hold security clearances. If our employees are unable to obtain or retain security clearances or if our employees who hold security clearances terminate employment with us, our ability to perform the work under the contract may be negatively affected, and the customer whose work requires cleared employees could terminate the contract or decide not to renew it upon its expiration. In addition, many of the contracts on which we bid require us to maintain a facility security clearance. To the extent we are not able to maintain a facility security clearance, we may not be able to bid on or win new contracts, or effectively re-bid on expiring contracts.
We rely on our information and communications systems in our operations. Security breaches and other disruptions could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
As a U.S. defense contractor, various privacy and security laws require us to protect sensitive and confidential information from disclosure both for us and others. However, we may face certain security threats, including cybersecurity threats to our information technology infrastructure, attempts to gain access to proprietary or classified information, and threats to physical security. In connection with the information technology and network communications services that we provide to our customers, we also may encounter cybersecurity threats at customer sites that we operate. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusions, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased.
Cybersecurity threats are significant and evolving and include, among others, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in mission critical systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data. In addition to security threats, we are also subject to other systems failures, including network, software or hardware failures, whether caused by us, third-party service providers, natural disasters, power shortages, terrorist attacks or other events.
Our systems are decentralized, which presents various risks, including the risk that we may be slower or less able to identify or react to problems affecting a business function than we would be in a more centralized environment. In addition, “company-wide” business initiatives, such as the integration of information technology systems or the formation of a technology system impacting different parts of our business, are often more challenging and costly to implement, and carry a higher risk of failure, than they would be in a more centralized environment. Depending on the nature of the initiative in question, such failure could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Although preventative measures may help mitigate the damage from such occurrences, the damage and disruption to our business resulting from any of these events may be significant. If our insurance and other risk mitigation mechanisms are not sufficient to recover the costs, we could experience an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
We are in the process of upgrading or replacing our systems and network infrastructure to protect our computing environment, to stay current on vendor supported products, to improve the effectiveness of our systems, strengthen cybersecurity requirements and improve the efficiency of our systems. The implementation of new systems and information technology could adversely impact our operations by imposing substantial capital expenditures, demands on management time and risks of delays or difficulties in transitioning to new systems. In addition, our systems implementations may not result in productivity improvements at the levels anticipated. Systems implementation disruption and any other information technology disruption, if not anticipated and appropriately mitigated, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Many of the systems and networks that we develop, install and maintain for our customers involve managing and protecting personal information and information relating to national security and other sensitive government functions. While we have programs designed to comply with relevant privacy and security laws and restrictions, if a system or network that we develop, install or maintain were to fail or experience a security breach or service interruption, whether caused by us, third-party service providers, cybersecurity threats or other events, we may experience loss of revenue, remediation costs or face claims for damages or contract termination. Any such event could prevent us from having access to or being eligible for further work on such systems and networks and cause serious harm to our reputation. Our errors and omissions liability insurance may be inadequate to compensate us for all of the damages that we may incur and, as a result, our future results could be adversely affected.
We are subject to certain data privacy regulations, which expose us to certain risks if we do not comply with these requirements.
As a U.S. entity operating in multiple European countries, we are also subject to regulatory compliance requirements under the EU GDPR that require our business to comply with security and privacy controls to protect personal data and privacy of EU citizens for transactions that occur within EU member states. A failure to comply with these requirements could negatively impact our business and financial condition. In addition, similar regulations regarding data protection and privacy rights are emerging in the U.S. and have the potential to negatively impact our business and financial condition.
As a U.S. government contractor, we are also subject to regulatory compliance requirements under the DFARS and other federal regulations that require our IT systems to comply with the security and privacy controls in National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-171 (NIST 800-171). DCAA requires a contractor to have an approved business system (e.g. Accounting System) and maintenance of that system, prior to the processing and payment of any bills from such contractor. We may also be responsible if our subcontractors do not comply with these requirements. A failure to comply with these requirements could negatively impact our business and financial condition.
We may conduct a portion of our operations through joint ventures, exposing us to certain risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control.
We may conduct a portion of our operations through joint ventures where control may be shared with unaffiliated third parties. In addition, as with any joint venture arrangement, differences in views among the joint venture participants may result in delayed decisions or in failures to agree on major issues. We also cannot control the actions of our joint venture partners, including any failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations, nonperformance, default or bankruptcy of our joint venture partners. If our partners do not meet their contractual obligations, the joint venture may be unable to adequately perform and deliver its contracted services, requiring us to make additional investments or perform additional services to ensure the adequate performance and delivery of services to the customer. We could be liable for both our obligations and those of our partners, which may result in reduced profits or, in some cases, significant losses on the project. Additionally, these factors could have a material adverse effect on the business operations of the joint venture and, in turn, our business operations and reputation.
Further, operating through joint ventures in which we have a minority interest could result in us having limited control over many decisions made with respect to projects and internal controls relating to projects. These joint ventures may not be subject to the same requirements regarding internal controls as we are. As a result, internal control issues may arise, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may be subject to potential adjustments to costs previously allocated by our Former Parent to our business prior to the Spin-off.
As a result of final indirect rate negotiations between the U.S. government and our Former Parent, we may be subject to potential adjustments to costs previously allocated by our Former Parent to our business, which was formerly Exelis’ Mission Systems Business, from 2007 through September 2014. We have recently been in discussions with our Former Parent regarding the negotiated adjustments for 2007-2014 and believe that our potential cumulative liability for these years is insignificant. In June 2019, the U.S. government provided us with the Contracting Officer’s Final Decision (COFD) for the years 2007-2010 related to Former Parent costs. In August 2019, we filed an appeal of the COFD with the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA). In December 2019, the ASBCA extended the jointly requested stay of the proceedings through March 30, 2020 to enable ongoing discussions regarding the matter between Vectrus and our Former Parent. We believe we are fully indemnified under our Distribution Agreement with our Former Parent and have notified our Former Parent of our appeal of the U.S. government's decision in this matter. We believe the amount of indemnity required is insignificant.
We may make or enter into acquisitions and other investments that involve numerous risks and uncertainties.
We may selectively pursue strategic acquisitions and other investments, such as our acquisition of Advantor in July 2019. These transactions require significant investment of time and resources and may disrupt our business and distract our management from other responsibilities. Even if successful, these transactions could affect our operating results for a number of reasons, including the amortization of intangible assets, impairment charges, acquired operations that are not yet profitable or the payment of additional consideration under earn-out arrangements if an acquisition performs better than expected. If we engage in such transactions, we may incur significant transaction and integration costs and have difficulty integrating personnel, operations, products or technologies or otherwise realizing synergies or other benefits from the transactions. The integration process could result in the loss of key employees, loss of key customers, loss of key vendors, decreases in revenue and increases in operating costs. In addition, we may assume material liabilities in an acquisition, including liabilities that are unknown as of the time of the acquisition. Such transactions may dilute our earnings per share, disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and employees, increase our expenses, perform poorly, subject us to liabilities, and increase our risk of litigation, all of which could harm our business.
Business disruptions caused by natural disasters and other crises could adversely affect our profitability and our overall financial position.
We have operations located in regions of the U.S. and internationally that may be exposed to natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, flooding, wildfires or earthquakes. Our business could also be disrupted by pandemics and other national or international crises (including, for example, the novel coronavirus). Although preventative measures may help mitigate the damage from such occurrences, the damage and disruption to our business resulting from any of these events may be significant. If our insurance and other risk mitigation mechanisms are not sufficient to recover all costs, including loss of revenue from sales to customers, we could experience a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
We depend on our teaming arrangements and relationships with other contractors. If we are not able to maintain these relationships, or if these parties fail to satisfy their obligations to us or the customer, our revenue, profitability and growth prospects could be adversely affected.
We rely on our teaming relationships and other arrangements with other prime contractors or subcontractors in order to submit bids for large procurements or other opportunities where we believe the combination of services provided by us and the other companies will help us to win and perform the contract. Our future revenue and growth prospects could be adversely affected if other contractors eliminate or reduce their contract relationships with us, or if the U.S. government terminates or reduces these other contractors' programs, does not award them new contracts or refuses to pay under a contract.
Legal disputes could require us to pay potentially large damage awards and could be costly to defend, which would adversely affect our cash balances and profitability, and could damage our reputation.
We are subject to a number of lawsuits and claims as described under Part I, Item 3, "Legal Proceedings," in this report. We are also subject to, and may become a party to, a variety of other litigation or claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Adverse judgments or settlements in some or all of these legal disputes may result in significant monetary damages or injunctive relief against us. Any claims or litigation could be costly to defend, and even if we are successful or if fully indemnified or insured, could damage our reputation and make it more difficult to compete effectively or obtain adequate insurance in the future. In addition, any securities litigation that we could encounter as a publicly traded company could cost substantial amounts and divert management’s attention and resources from our business and could require us to make substantial payments to settle those proceedings or satisfy any judgments that may be reached against us. Litigation and other claims are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future.
RISKS RELATED TO GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS AND LAWS
As a U.S. government contractor, we are subject to a number of procurement laws and regulations and could be adversely affected by changes in regulations or our failure to comply with these regulations.
We operate in a highly regulated environment and must comply with many significant procurement regulations and other requirements. These regulations and requirements, although customary in government contracts, increase our performance and compliance costs. If any such regulations or procurement requirements change, our costs of complying with them could increase and therefore reduce our margins. Some significant statutes and regulations that affect us include:
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The FAR and department or agency-specific regulations that implement or supplement the FAR, such as the DoD’s DFARS, which regulate the formation, administration and performance of U.S. government contracts;
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The Truth in Negotiations Act, which requires certification and disclosure of cost and pricing data in connection with certain contract negotiations;
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The Procurement Integrity Act, which regulates access to competitor bid and proposal information and government source selection information, and our ability to provide compensation to certain former government officials;
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The Civil False Claims Act, which provides for substantial civil penalties, including claims for treble damages, for violations, including for submission of a false or fraudulent claim to the U.S. government for payment or approval;
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The Combating Trafficking in Persons (CTIP) Act, which ensures that government contractors and others are fully trained to combat trafficking in persons pursuant to the National Security Presidential Directive (NSPD) 22; and
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The U.S. Government Cost Accounting Standards (CAS), which impose accounting requirements that govern our right to reimbursement under certain cost-based U.S. government contracts.
If we are found to have violated these or other laws or regulations, or are found not to have acted responsibly as defined by them, we may be subject to reductions of the value of contracts; contract modifications or terminations; the assessment of penalties and fines, compensatory damages or treble damages; or suspension or debarment from government contracting or subcontracting, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Our business is subject to audits, reviews, cost adjustments, and investigations by the U.S. government, which, if resolved unfavorably to us, could adversely affect our profitability, cash position or growth prospects.
U.S. government agencies, including the DCAA, the DCMA and others, routinely audit and review our performance on government contracts, indirect rates and pricing practices, and compliance with applicable contracting and procurement laws, regulations and standards. They also review the adequacy of our compliance with government standards for our business systems, including our accounting, purchasing, government property, estimating, and related business systems.
Recently, these audits and reviews have become more rigorous and the standards to which we are held are being more strictly interpreted and applied, increasing the likelihood of an audit or review resulting in an adverse outcome. Although customary in government contracts, these audits and reviews increase our performance and compliance costs.
Government audits or other reviews could result in adjustments to contract costs, the disallowance of or adjustment to costs allocated to certain contracts, mandatory customer refunds, or decreased billings to our U.S. government customers until the deficiencies identified in the audits or reviews are corrected and our corrections are accepted by DCMA. Such adjustments could be applied retroactively, which could result in significant customer refunds. A determination of non-compliance with applicable contracting and procurement laws, regulations and standards could result in the U.S. government imposing penalties and sanctions against us, including withholding of payments, suspension of payments and increased government scrutiny that could delay or adversely affect our ability to invoice and receive timely payment on contracts, perform contracts or compete for contracts. Non-compliance by us could result in our being placed on the “Excluded Parties List” maintained by the General Services Administration, and we could become ineligible to receive certain contracts, subcontracts and other benefits from the U.S. government or to perform work under a government contract or subcontract until the basis for the listing has been appropriately addressed, which would materially adversely affect our ability to do business.
In addition, if a review or investigation identifies improper or illegal activities, we may be subject to civil or criminal penalties or administrative sanctions, including the termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, the triggering of price reduction clauses, suspension of payments, fines and suspension or debarment from doing business with governmental agencies. Civil penalties and sanctions are not uncommon in our industry. If we incur a material penalty or administrative sanction, our reputation, business, results of operations, and future business could be adversely affected.
Our contract sites are inherently dangerous workplaces. Failure to maintain safe work sites and equipment could result in environmental disasters, employee deaths or injuries, reduced profitability, the loss of projects or customers and possible exposure to litigation.
Our project sites often put our employees and others in close proximity with mechanized equipment, moving vehicles, and highly regulated materials. Although we have safety procedures in place, if we fail to implement them, or if the procedures we implement are ineffective, we may suffer the loss of or injury to our employees, as well as expose ourselves to possible litigation. As a result, our failure to maintain adequate safety standards and equipment, as well as the nature of the environment in which we conduct business, could result in the loss of projects or customers, and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Environmental, health and safety issues could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations.
We are subject to federal, state, local, and foreign environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those governing: air emissions; discharges to water; the management, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes, petroleum, and other regulated substances; the investigation and cleanup of contaminated property; and the maintenance of a safe and healthy workplace for our employees, contractors, and visitors. These laws and their implementing regulations can impose certain operational controls for minimization of pollution, permitting, training, recordkeeping, monitoring and reporting requirements or other operational or siting constraints on our business, result in costs to remediate releases of regulated substances into the environment, result in facility shutdowns to address violations, or require costs to remediate sites to which we sent regulated substances for disposal. Violations of these laws and regulations can cause significant delays and add additional
costs to a project. We have incurred and will continue to incur operating, maintenance and other expenditures as a result of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. Any new developments such as the adoption of new environmental, health and safety laws and regulations could result in material costs and liabilities that we currently do not anticipate and could increase our expenditures and also materially adversely affect our business, financial position or results of operations.
The DoD continues to modify its business practices, which could have a material effect on its overall procurement processes and adversely impact our current programs and potential new awards.
The DoD continues to pursue various initiatives designed to gain efficiencies and to focus and enhance business practices. These initiatives and resulting changes, such as increased usage of firm-fixed-price contracts, where we bear the risk that increased or unexpected costs may reduce our profit or cause us to sustain losses, multiple award IDIQ contracts and small and disadvantaged business set-aside contracts, are having an impact on the contracting environment in which we do business. Any of these changes could impact our ability to obtain new contracts or renew our existing contracts when those contracts are recompeted. These initiatives, such as IDIQ contracts, continue to evolve, and the full impact to our business remains uncertain and subject to the way the DoD implements them. As a result of these initiatives, our profit margins on future contracts may be reduced and may require us to make sustained efforts to reduce costs in order to realize revenue and profits under our contracts. If we are not successful in reducing the amount of costs we incur, our profitability on our contracts will be negatively impacted. Any new contracting requirements or procurement methods could be costly or administratively difficult for us to implement and could adversely affect our future revenue, profitability and prospects.
Our business may be negatively impacted if we are unable to adequately protect intellectual property rights.
Our success is dependent, in part, on our ability to utilize technology to differentiate our services from our competitors. We rely on a combination of patents, confidentiality agreements and other contractual arrangements, as well as copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws, to protect our intellectual property rights and interests. However, these methods only provide a limited amount of protection and may not adequately protect our intellectual property rights and interests. Our employees, contractors and joint venture partners are subject to confidentiality obligations, but this protection may be inadequate to deter or prevent misappropriation of our confidential information and/or infringement of our intellectual property rights. Further, we may be unable to detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property or otherwise take appropriate steps to enforce our rights. Failure to adequately protect, maintain or enforce our intellectual property rights may adversely limit our competitive position.
We cannot provide assurances that others will not independently develop technology substantially similar to our protected technology or that we can successfully preserve our intellectual property rights in the future. Our intellectual property rights could be invalidated, circumvented, challenged, misappropriated or infringed upon. Any infringement, misappropriation or related claims, whether meritorious or not, are time consuming, divert technical and management personnel, are expensive to resolve, and the outcome is unpredictable. As a result of any such dispute, we may have to develop non-infringing technology, pay damages, enter into royalty or licensing agreements, cease utilizing certain products or services or take other actions to resolve the claims. These actions, if required, may be costly or unavailable on terms acceptable to us. If we are unable to prevail in the litigation or retain or obtain sufficient rights or develop non-infringing intellectual property or otherwise alter our business practices on a timely or cost-efficient basis, our business and operating results may be adversely affected.
In addition, our clients or other third parties may also provide us with their technology and intellectual property. There is a risk that we may not sufficiently protect our or their information from improper use or dissemination and, as a result, could be subject to claims and litigation and resulting liabilities, loss of contracts or other consequences that could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operation.
We also hold licenses from third parties which may be utilized in our business operations. If we are no longer able to license such technology on commercially reasonable terms or otherwise, our business and financial performance could be adversely affected.
Government withholding regulations could adversely affect our operating performance.
A DFARS rule allows withholding of a percentage of payments when a contractor’s business system has one or more significant deficiencies. The DFARS rule applies to CAS-covered contracts that have the DFARS clause in the contract terms and conditions. Contracting officers may withhold 5% of contract payments for one or more significant deficiencies in any single contractor business system or up to 10% of contract payments for significant deficiencies in multiple contractor business systems. A significant deficiency as defined by the DoD is a “shortcoming in the system that materially affects the ability of officials of the DoD to rely upon information produced by the system that is needed for management purposes.” If we have significant deficiencies and contract payments are withheld, our revenue and financial position may be adversely affected.
RISKS RELATED TO FINANCIAL CONDITION AND MARKETS
We use estimates in accounting for many of our programs, and changes in our estimates could adversely affect our future financial results.
Revenue from our contracts is recognized primarily using the input method (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress towards completion. This methodology requires estimates of total contract revenue, total costs at completion, and fees earned on the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; and the performance of subcontractors. This estimation process, particularly due to the nature of the services being performed, is complex and involves significant judgment. Adjustments to original estimates are often required as work progresses, experience is gained, and additional information becomes known, even though the scope of the work required under the contract may not change. Any adjustment as a result of a change in estimates is recognized as additional information becomes known. Changes in the underlying assumptions, circumstances or estimates could result in adjustments that may adversely affect our future financial results. Beginning in 2018, our revenue recognition was impacted by our adoption of a comprehensive new revenue recognition accounting standard. Refer to Note 1, "Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 3, "Revenue" in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Our level of indebtedness and our ability to make payments on or service our indebtedness may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately $70.5 million of aggregate debt outstanding, which consists of a term loan (See Note 9, "Debt," in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K). We also have the ability to incur up to $120.0 million of additional debt under our revolving credit facility. The amount available under the revolving credit facility is reduced by any outstanding letters of credit. There were four letters of credit totaling $3.0 million at December 31, 2019. Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness, as well as any future debt that we may incur, will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future from operations, financings or asset sales. Our ability to generate cash is subject to our performance and to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control.
If we are not able to repay or refinance our debt as it becomes due, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional debt or equity on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive, if we can obtain it at all. If we raise equity through the issuance of preferred stock, the terms of the preferred stock may give the holders rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock, particularly in the event of liquidation. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.
Our credit agreement contains covenants with which we must comply or risk default.
Our credit agreement contains a number of significant covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to create liens and encumbrances; incur additional indebtedness; merge, dissolve, liquidate or consolidate; make acquisitions, investments, advances or loans; dispose of or transfer assets; pay dividends or make other payments in respect of our capital stock; redeem or repurchase capital stock or prepay, redeem or repurchase certain debt; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; enter into speculative hedging arrangements; and enter into certain restrictive agreements.
These restrictions could impair our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs or engage in other business activities that may be in our interests. In addition, the credit agreement also requires us to maintain compliance with certain financial ratios, including those relating to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and consolidated indebtedness. Our ability to comply with these ratios and covenants may be affected by events beyond our control. A breach of the credit agreement or our inability to comply with or renegotiate the required financial ratios or covenants included therein could result in a default under the credit agreement and cause acceleration of the outstanding debt.
Our variable rate indebtedness may expose us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt costs to increase significantly.
Our term loan and any revolving facility borrowings we may incur have variable rates of interest, which expose us to interest rate risks and to the risk of rising interest rates. As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately $70.5 million outstanding under our floating-rate term loan and the ability to incur up to $120.0 million of additional floating-rate debt under our revolving facility. Although we have hedged a portion of our exposure to interest rate risk under the term loan through an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $53.0 million at December 31, 2019, if interest rates increase in the future, then the interest expense on the variable rate debt could increase materially.
Unanticipated changes in our tax provisions or exposure to additional U.S. and foreign tax liabilities could affect our profitability.
We are subject to various taxes, including but not limited to income, gross receipts and payroll withholding taxes in the U.S. and many foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision or benefit for taxes. In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Furthermore, changes in domestic or foreign tax laws and regulations, or their interpretation and enforcement, could result in higher or lower taxes assessed or changes in the taxability of certain revenue or the deductibility of certain expenses, thereby affecting our tax expense and profitability. See Note 4, “Income Taxes,” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information. In addition, we regularly are under audit by tax authorities. The final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from our historical tax provisions and accruals. Additionally, changes in the geographic mix of our revenue could also impact our tax liabilities and affect our overall tax expense and profitability.
We may not realize as revenue the full amounts reflected in our backlog, which could adversely affect our future revenue and growth.
As of December 31, 2019, our total backlog was $2.8 billion, which included $707.0 million in funded backlog. We may not realize the full amount of our backlog as revenue, particularly unfunded backlog and future services where the customer has an option to decline our continued services under a contract. In addition, there can be no assurance that our backlog will result in actual revenue in any particular period. Our receipt of revenue, and the timing and amount of revenue under contracts included in our backlog are subject to various contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, including congressional appropriations. In particular, delays in the completion of the U.S. government’s budgeting process and the use of continuing resolutions could adversely affect our ability to recognize revenue timely under the contracts included in our backlog. Furthermore, the actual receipt of revenue from contracts included in our backlog may never occur or may be delayed because:
•
a program schedule could change, or the program could be canceled; a contract’s funding or scope could be reduced, modified, delayed, or terminated early, including as a result of a lack of appropriated funds or as a result of cost cutting initiatives and other efforts to reduce U.S. government spending or the automatic federal defense spending cuts required by sequestration;
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in the case of funded backlog, the period of performance for the contract has expired; or
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in the case of unfunded backlog, funding may not be available; or, in the case of priced options, our clients may not exercise their options.
Goodwill represents a significant portion of our assets and any impairment of these assets could negatively impact our results of operations.
At December 31, 2019, our goodwill was approximately $262.0 million, which represented approximately 41% of our total assets. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. We estimate the fair value of the reporting unit used in the goodwill impairment test using an income approach and market approach, and as a result, the fair value measurements depend on revenue growth rates, future operating margin assumptions, risk-adjusted discount rates, future economic and market conditions, and identification of appropriate market comparable data. Because of the significance of our goodwill, any future impairment of this asset could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our insurance may be insufficient to protect us from claims or losses.
We maintain insurance coverage with third-party insurers as part of our overall risk management strategy and because some of our contracts require us to maintain specific insurance coverage limits. However, not every risk or liability is or can be protected by insurance, and, for those risks we insure, the limits of coverage we purchase or that are reasonably obtainable in the market may not be sufficient to cover all actual losses or liabilities incurred. If any of our third-party insurers fail, cancel our coverage or otherwise are unable to provide us with adequate insurance coverage, then our overall risk exposure and our operational expenses would increase, and the management of our business operations would be disrupted. Our insurance may be insufficient to protect us from significant warranty and other liability claims or losses. Moreover, there is a risk that commercially available liability insurance will not continue to be available to us at a reasonable cost, if at all. If liability claims or losses exceed our current or available insurance coverage, our business and prospects may be harmed. We are also subject to the requirements of the Defense Base Act (DBA), which generally requires insurance coverage to be provided to persons employed at U.S. military bases outside of the U.S. Failure to obtain DBA insurance may result in fines or other sanctions, including the loss of a particular contract.
The effects of changes in worldwide economic and capital markets conditions may significantly affect our ability to maintain liquidity or procure capital.
Our business may be adversely affected by factors in the U.S. and other countries that are beyond our control, such as disruptions in financial markets or downturns in economic activity in specific countries or regions, or in the various industries in which our company operates; social, political or labor conditions in specific countries or regions; or adverse changes in the availability and cost of capital, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, tax rates, or regulations in the jurisdictions in which our company operates. If we lose access to our revolving credit facility, or if we are required to raise additional capital, we may be unable to do so in the current credit and stock market environment, or we may be able to do so only on unfavorable terms.
Adverse changes to financial conditions also could jeopardize certain counterparty obligations, including those of our insurers and financial institutions and other third parties.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR SECURITIES
Our stock price may be volatile.
The market price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, highly volatile due to a number of factors, including the volatility of the stock market in general and uncertainty related to major contract awards, such as our LOGCAP V Award. The trading price of our stock varied from a low of $21.27 to a high of $55.50 in 2019. Because of this volatility, investors in our stock may experience a decline in the value of their investment or may not be able to sell their common stock at or above the price paid for the shares.
Any future offerings of debt, which would be senior to our common stock upon liquidation, or other equity securities may materially and adversely affect us or our shareholders, including the per share trading price of our common stock.
Vectrus has a shelf registration statement with the SEC that became effective in January 2020 under which we may issue, from time to time, up to $250 million of common stock, preferred stock, depository shares, warrants, rights and debt securities. In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making additional offerings of debt, including senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities or preferred equity securities and such offerings may be convertible or exchangeable for other securities and additional classes or series of preferred stock. Upon liquidation, holders of debt securities or shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will be entitled to receive our available assets prior to distribution to the holders of our common stock. Additionally, any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of our common stock and may result in dilution to owners of our common stock. Holders of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Our preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments, if issued, that could limit our ability to pay dividends to holders of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of future offerings. As a result, our shareholders bear the risk that our future offerings could reduce the per share trading price of our common stock and dilute their interest in us.
We do not currently plan to pay dividends on our common stock, and our indebtedness could limit our ability to pay dividends on our common stock in the future.
We do not currently plan to pay dividends on our common stock. The declaration of any future cash dividends and, if declared, the amount of any such dividends, will be subject to our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements, financial covenants and other contractual restrictions and to the discretion of our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors may consider such matters as general business conditions, industry practice, our financial condition and performance, our future prospects, our cash needs and capital investment plans, income tax consequences, applicable law and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
Additionally, our indebtedness could have important consequences for holders of our common stock. If we cannot generate sufficient cash flow from operations to meet our debt payment obligations, then our ability to pay dividends, if so determined by the Board of Directors, will be impaired. In addition, the terms of the agreements governing our current debt limit the payment of dividends and debt that we may incur in the future may also limit the payment of dividends.
Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents and Indiana law could delay or prevent a change in control.
Certain provisions of our amended and restated articles of incorporation and our amended and restated by-laws may delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that a shareholder may consider favorable. For example, the amended and restated articles of incorporation and the amended and restated by-laws, among other things, provide for a classified board and do not permit shareholders to convene special meetings or to remove our directors other than for cause. In addition, the amended and restated articles of incorporation authorize our Board of Directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock. These provisions may also discourage acquisition proposals or delay or prevent a change in control, which could harm our stock price. Indiana law also imposes some restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between any holder of 10% or more of our
outstanding common stock and us as well as certain restrictions on the voting rights of “control shares” of an “issuing public corporation.”
ITEM 1B.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We have 148 locations in 26 countries and territories on four continents. Our contract performance typically occurs on the government customer’s facility. Our significant locations are the corporate headquarters office located at 2424 Garden of the Gods Road, Colorado Springs, Colorado and an operations office located at 2800 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia. These properties are used by our sole operating segment. Our Colorado Springs and Alexandria offices are leased and have approximately 65,000 and 30,600 square feet, respectively. The leases for our Colorado Springs and Alexandria offices expire in 2028 and 2023, respectively. We consider the properties that we lease to be in good condition and generally suitable for the purposes for which they are used.
ITEM 3.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time we are involved in legal proceedings that are incidental to the operation of our business. Some of these proceedings seek remedies relating to employment matters, matters in connection with our contracts and matters arising under laws relating to the protection of the environment.
As a result of final indirect rate negotiations between the U.S. government and our Former Parent, we may be subject to potential adjustments to costs previously allocated by our Former Parent to our business, which was formerly Exelis’ Mission Systems Business, from 2007 through September 2014. We have recently been in discussions with our Former Parent regarding the negotiated adjustments for 2007-2014 and believe that our potential cumulative liability for these years is insignificant. In June 2019, the U.S. government provided us with the COFD for the years 2007-2010 related to Former Parent costs. In August 2019, we filed an appeal of the COFD with the ASBCA. In December 2019, the ASBCA extended the jointly requested stay of the proceedings through March 30, 2020 to enable ongoing discussions regarding the matter between Vectrus and our Former Parent. We believe we are fully indemnified under our Distribution Agreement with our Former Parent and have notified our Former Parent of our appeal of the U.S. government's decision in this matter. We believe the amount of indemnity required is insignificant.
Although the ultimate outcome of any legal matter cannot be predicted with certainty, based on present information, including our assessment of the merits of the particular claim, we do not expect that any asserted or unasserted legal claims or proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our cash flow, results of operations or financial condition.
See Note 18, "Commitments and Contingencies" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.
ITEM 4.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
PART II
ITEM 5.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
COMMON STOCK - MARKET INFORMATION, HOLDERS AND DIVIDENDS
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “VEC". Our common stock started trading on the NYSE in September 2014. As of February 28, 2020, there were approximately 4,723 stockholders of record and 11.5 million outstanding shares of common stock.
To date, we have not declared or paid any dividends on our common stock. The declaration and payment of dividends by us are subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and depend on many factors including our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements, covenants associated with our debt obligations, legal requirements, regulatory constraints and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors. Therefore, there can be no assurance as to what level of dividends, if any, will be paid in the future. In deciding whether to pay future dividends on our common stock, our Board of Directors may take into account such matters as general business conditions, industry practice, our financial condition and performance, our future prospects, our cash needs and capital investment plans, debt levels and requirements, income tax consequences, applicable law and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant. See Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a discussion of restrictions on the payment of dividends under our credit agreement, see Note 9, "Debt", in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
For a discussion of the securities authorized under our equity compensation plans, see Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which incorporates by reference the information to be disclosed in our definitive proxy statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
We did not repurchase any of our equity securities for the year ended December 31, 2019.
STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH
The following graph provides a comparison of the cumulative total shareholder return of our common stock to the returns of the Russell 2000 Index and the S&P Aerospace & Defense Select Industry Index from December 31, 2014 through December 31, 2019 with data points as of December 31 for the years shown. The graph is not, and is not intended to be, indicative of future performance of our common stock. This graph is not deemed to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act) and should not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our prior or subsequent filings under the Securities Act of 1933 as amended (Securities Act), or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
The graph assumes that $100 had been invested in Vectrus common stock, the Russell 2000 Index and the S&P Aerospace & Defense Select Industry Index on December 31, 2014 and that all dividends were reinvested.
ITEM 6.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The statement of income data for each of the three years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 are derived from audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The statement of income data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are derived from audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are derived from audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Balance sheet data as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are derived from audited consolidated financial statements which are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The selected historical consolidated financial data presented above should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical financial information may not be indicative of our future results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
ITEM 7.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as the discussion in Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K entitled "Business." This Annual Report provides additional information regarding the Company, our services, industry outlook and forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements. See "Forward-Looking Statement Information" for further information regarding forward-looking statements. Amounts presented in and throughout this Item 7 are rounded and, as such, rounding differences could occur in period over period changes and percentages reported.
Forward-Looking Statement Information
This Annual Report on Form 10-K and certain information incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act, and Section 27A of the Securities Act, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and, as such, may involve risks and uncertainties. All statements included or incorporated by reference in this report, other than statements that are purely historical, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “potential,” “continue” or similar terminology. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements included or incorporated by reference in this report are subject to additional risks and uncertainties further discussed under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and are based on information available to us on the filing date of this report. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and we cannot predict those events or how they may affect us.
We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In addition, forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company’s historical experience and our present expectations or projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: Our ability to submit proposals for and/or win all potential opportunities in our pipeline; our ability to retain and renew our existing contracts; our ability to compete with other companies in our market; security breaches and other disruptions to our information technology and operation; our mix of cost-plus, cost- reimbursable, and firm-fixed-price contracts; maintaining our reputation and relationship with the U.S. government; protests of new awards; our recent acquisition of Advantor and its integration into our business; economic, political and social conditions in the countries in which we conduct our businesses; changes in U.S. or international government defense budgets; government
regulations and compliance therewith, including changes to the DoD procurement process; changes in technology; intellectual property matters; governmental investigations, reviews, audits and cost adjustments; contingencies related to actual or alleged environmental contamination, claims and concerns; delays in completion of the U.S. government's budget; our success in extending, deepening, and enhancing our technical capabilities; our success in expanding our geographic footprint or broadening our customer base; our ability to realize the full amounts reflected in our backlog; impairment of goodwill; misconduct of our employees, subcontractors, agents, prime contractors and business partners; our ability to control costs; our level of indebtedness and terms of our credit agreement; interest rate risk; subcontractor performance; economic and capital markets conditions; our ability to maintain safe work sites and equipment; our ability to retain and recruit qualified personnel and to maintain good relationships with our workforce; our teaming relationships with other contractors; changes in our accounting estimates; the adequacy of our insurance coverage; volatility in our stock price; changes in our tax provisions or exposure to additional income tax liabilities; risks and uncertainties relating to the Spin-off; changes in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP); and other factors described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this report and described from time to time in our future reports filed with the SEC.
Overview
Vectrus is a leading provider of services to the U.S. government worldwide. We operate as one segment and offer facility and logistics services and information technology and network communications services.
Our primary customer is the U.S. Department of Defense, with a high concentration in the U.S. Army. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we had total revenue of $1.4 billion, $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, substantially all of which was derived from U.S. government customers. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we generated approximately 69%, 73% and 82%, respectively, of our total revenue from the U.S. Army.
Executive Summary
Our revenue increased by $103.3 million, or 8.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase in revenue was attributable mainly to increases from our Middle East programs of $50.0 million, our U.S. programs of $35.2 million (which includes $22.7 million from our acquisition of Advantor), and our European programs of $18.1 million.
Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $51.6 million, an increase of $3.3 million or 6.8%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. This increase was primarily due to increases of $3.2 million from our Middle East programs and $1.1 million from our U.S. programs, offset by a $1.0 million decrease in our European programs.
During the performance of our long-term contracts, we periodically review estimated final contract prices and costs and make revisions as required, which are recorded as changes in revenue and cost of revenue in the periods in which they are determined. Additionally, the fees under certain contracts may be increased or decreased in accordance with cost or performance incentive provisions which measure actual performance against established targets or other criteria. Such incentive fee awards or penalties are included in revenue when there is sufficient information to reasonably assess anticipated contract performance. Amounts representing contract change orders or limitations in funding on contracts are recorded only if it is probable the claim will result in additional contract revenue and the amounts can be reliably estimated. Changes in estimated revenue, cost of revenue and the related effect to operating income are recognized using cumulative adjustments, which recognize in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods based on a contract's percentage of completion. Cumulative adjustments are driven by changes in contract terms, program performance, customer scope changes and changes to estimates in the reported period. These changes can increase or decrease operating income depending on the dynamics of each contract.
We recorded an income tax expense of $10.4 million and $8.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which represent effective income tax rates of 23.1% and 18.4%, respectively. See Note 4, “Income Taxes,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.
Further details related to the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, are contained in the Discussion of Financial Results section. Details related to the year ended December 31, 2018, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017 may be found in the Discussion of Financial Results section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, electronically filed with the SEC on EDGAR on February 26, 2018.
Recent Developments
On February 28, 2020, Vectrus Systems Corporation (VSC), our wholly-owned subsidiary, received notice of a $121.8 million modification of the OMDAC-SWACA contract for enterprise network capabilities and services support of the U.S. Central Command. Work will be based in Kuwait with additional locations throughout Southwest Asia. The estimated completion date is August 28,2020.
On April 12, 2019, the U.S. Army Contracting Command-Rock Island (ACC-RI) awarded four IDIQ, Multiple Award Task Order Contracts (MATOC) for the LOGCAP V support services in support of the U.S. military worldwide. The services are to support the Geographical Combatant Commands (GCCs) and Army Service Component Commands (ASCCs) throughout the full range of military operations. Each basic IDIQ contract ordering period will be an initial five-year ordering period and options for five additional one-year ordering periods.
Vectrus is one of the four award recipients of the basic IDIQ contract and received the following task orders: INDOPACOM Setting the Theater Task Order and associated Performance Task Order; and CENTCOM Setting the Theater Task Order and associated Performance Task Order. Each task order has its own period of performance. Four of the LOGCAP V offerors filed protests of the awards with the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) and, after the GAO denied two of the protests, those four offerors filed protests at the U.S. Court of Federal Claims (the Court). At the Court’s request, the GAO issued advisory opinions that rejected the two remaining protests. On February 5, 2020, the Army completed its corrective action review of the LOGCAP V Award and affirmed its initial decision. On February 21, 2020, the Court of Federal Claims dismissed three of the four protests, and set a briefing schedule for the remaining offeror’s protest. On March 2, 2020, the Court dismissed the remaining offeror's request for a temporary restraining order through March 11, 2020.
On July 8, 2019, we acquired Advantor from Infrasafe. Advantor is a leading provider of integrated electronic security systems to the U.S. government. The total net consideration paid for the acquisition was $45.1 million, consisting of the purchase price of $44.0 million, net of cash acquired, and $1.1 million for working capital in excess of the working capital requirement agreed upon in the stock purchase agreement. See Note 5, "Acquisitions," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information related to our acquisition of Advantor.
Information regarding certain other significant contracts is provided in "Significant Contracts" below.
Significant Contracts
The following table reflects contracts that accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue for one or more of the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:
Revenue associated with a contract will fluctuate based on increases or decreases in the work being performed on the contract, award fee payments, and other contract modifications within the term of the contract resulting in changes to the total contract value.
U.S. government contracts are multi-year contracts and typically include an initial period of one year or less with annual one-year (or less) option periods for the remaining contract period. The number of option periods vary by contract, and there is no guarantee that an option period will be exercised by the U.S. government. The right to exercise an option period is at the sole discretion of the U.S. government. The U.S. government may also extend the term of a program by issuing extensions or bridge contracts, typically for periods of one year or less.
The K-BOSSS contract currently is exercised through March 28, 2020, with an additional six-month option through September 28, 2020. K-BOSSS, our largest base operations support services contract, supports geographically-dispersed locations within the State of Kuwait, including several camps and a range training complex. The K-BOSSS contract was re-competed as a task order under the LOGCAP V contract vehicle, which was awarded April 12, 2019 (see "Recent Developments" above). The K-BOSSS contract contributed $495 million and $517 million of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The OMDAC-SWACA contract is currently exercised through August 20, 2020. The contract provides for enterprise network capabilities and services support of the U.S. Central Command. Work is based in Kuwait with additional locations throughout Southwest Asia. The OMDAC-SWACA contract contributed $216 million and $181 million of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Backlog
Total backlog includes remaining performance obligations, consisting of both funded backlog (firm orders for which funding is contractually authorized and appropriated by the customer) and unfunded backlog (firm orders for which funding is not currently contractually obligated by the customer and unexercised contract options). Total backlog excludes potential orders under IDIQ contracts and contracts awarded to us that are being protested by competitors with the GAO or in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. The value of the backlog is based on anticipated revenue levels over the anticipated life of the contract. Actual values may be greater or less than anticipated. Total backlog is converted into revenue as work is performed. The level of order activity related to programs can be affected by the timing of government funding authorizations and their project evaluation cycles. Year-over-year comparisons could, at times, be impacted by these factors, among others.
Our contracts are multi-year contracts and typically include an initial period of one year or less with annual one-year (or less) option periods for the remaining contract period. The number of option periods vary by contract, and there is no guarantee that an option period will be exercised. The right to exercise an option period is at the sole discretion of the U.S. government
when we are the prime contractor or of the prime contractor when we are a subcontractor. The U.S. government may also extend the term of a program by issuing extensions of bridge contracts, typically for periods of one year or less.
We expect to recognize a substantial portion of our funded backlog as revenue within the next 12 months. However, the U.S. government or the prime contractor may cancel any contract at any time through a termination for convenience. Most of our contracts have terms that would permit us to recover all or a portion of our incurred costs and fees for work performed in the event of a termination for convenience.
Total backlog decreased by $260.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2019, total backlog (funded and unfunded) was $2.8 billion as set forth in the following table:
Funded orders (different from funded backlog) represent orders for which funding was received during the period. We received funded orders of $1.2 billion during the year ended December 31, 2019, which was a decrease of $139.3 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2018.
Economic Opportunities, Challenges and Risks
The U.S. government’s investment in services and capabilities in response to changing security challenges creates a complex and fluid business environment for Vectrus and other firms in this market segment. The pace and depth of U.S. government acquisition reform and cost savings initiatives, combined with increased industry competitiveness to win long-term positions on key programs, could add pressure to revenue levels and profit margins going forward. However, we expect the U.S. government will continue to place a high priority on national security and will continue to invest in affordable solutions for its facilities, logistics, equipment, operational technology, and communication needs, which aligns with our services and strengths. Further, the DoD budget remains the largest in the world and management believes our addressable portion of the DoD budget offers substantial opportunity for growth.
Over the past several years, U.S. defense spending has been mandated by the Budget Control Act. The Budget Control Act establishes spending caps over a 10-year period through 2021, including a sequester mechanism that would impose additional defense cuts if an annual defense appropriations bill is enacted above the spending cap. The U.S. government's FY begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. On August 2, 2019, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 was enacted, which increased the spending limits for both defense and non-defense discretionary funding for the U.S. government in FY 2020 and 2021 and reduced budget uncertainty associated with the Budget Control Act. The defense spending limits in FY 2020 and FY 2021 were raised by $90 billion and $81 billion, respectively. The total spending limits for national defense (including approved overseas contingency operations spending) for FY 2020 and 2021 are $738 billion and $741 billion, respectively.
On December 20, 2019, the President signed the annual FY 2020 appropriations, which provides $738 billion in discretionary funding for national defense and includes $667 billion in base funding and $71 billion in overseas contingency operations funding. The approved funding is in accordance with the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019.
Although the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 reduces budget uncertainty and the risk of sequestration, there remain risks associated with FY 2021 and future appropriations. If annual appropriations bills are not enacted, the U.S. government may operate under a CR, restricting new contract or program starts and additional government shutdowns, which might involve all government agencies, including the DoD, could arise. Future CR’s and government shutdowns may lead to delays in procurement of services due to lack of funding, and those delays may adversely affect our revenue, results of operations and cash flow. Finally, there remains uncertainty surrounding future discretionary defense funding levels and priorities of the Administration and Congress, which could adversely impact demand for our services.
We believe spending on operation and maintenance of defense assets, as well as civilian agency infrastructure and equipment, will continue to be a U.S. government priority. Our focus is on sustaining facilities, equipment, and IT networks, while utilizing operational technologies and converged solutions to improve efficiency and the outcomes of our clients' missions. We believe this aligns with our customers' intent to utilize existing equipment and infrastructure rather than executing new purchases. Many of the core functions we perform are mission-essential. The following are examples of a few of these core functions: (i) keeping communications networks operational; (ii) maintaining airfields; and (iii) providing emergency services. While customers may reduce the level of services required from us, we do not currently anticipate the complete elimination of these services.
The information provided above does not represent a complete list of trends and uncertainties that could impact our business in either the near or long-term and should be considered along with the risk factors identified under the caption “Risk Factors” identified in Part 1, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the matters identified under the caption “Forward-Looking Statement Information" herein.
Key Performance Indicators and Non-GAAP Measures
The primary financial performance measures we use to manage our business and monitor results of operations are revenue trends and operating income trends. Management believes that these financial performance measures are the primary drivers for our earnings and net cash from operating activities. Management evaluates its contracts and business performance by focusing on revenue, operating income and operating margin. Operating income represents revenue less both cost of revenue and selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses.
Cost of revenue consists of labor, subcontracting costs, materials, and an allocation of indirect costs, which includes service center transaction costs. SG&A expenses consist of indirect labor costs (including wages and salaries for executives and administrative personnel), bid and proposal expenses and other general and administrative expenses not allocated to cost of revenue. We define operating margin as operating income divided by revenue.
We manage the nature and amount of costs at the program level, which forms the basis for estimating our total costs and profitability. This is consistent with our approach for managing our business, which begins with management's assessing the bidding opportunity for each contract and then managing contract profitability throughout the performance period.
In addition to the key performance measures discussed above, we consider adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin, adjusted net income, adjusted diluted earnings per share, EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, EBITDA margin, adjusted EBITDA margin, and organic revenue, to be useful to management and investors in evaluating our operating performance, and to provide a tool for evaluating our ongoing operations. This information can assist investors in assessing our financial performance and measures our ability to generate capital for deployment among competing strategic alternatives and initiatives. We provide this information to our investors in our earnings releases, presentations and other disclosures.
Adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin, adjusted net income, adjusted diluted earnings per share, EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, EBITDA margin, adjusted EBITDA margin, and organic revenue, however, are not measures of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered a substitute for operating income, operating margin, net income and diluted earnings per share as determined in accordance with GAAP. Definitions of these items are provided below.
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Adjusted operating income is defined as operating income, adjusted to exclude items that may include, but are not limited to, significant charges or credits that impact current results but are not related to our ongoing operations and unusual and infrequent non-operating items, M&A transaction and non-recurring integration costs, and LOGCAP V pre-operational legal costs that impact current results but are not related to our ongoing operations.
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Adjusted operating margin is defined as adjusted operating income divided by revenue.
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Adjusted net income is defined as net income, adjusted to exclude items that may include, but are not limited to, significant charges or credits that impact current results but are not related to our ongoing operations and unusual and infrequent non-operating items and non-operating tax settlements or adjustments, such as revaluation of our deferred tax liability as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and net settlement of uncertain tax positions.
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Adjusted diluted earnings per share is defined as adjusted net income divided by the weighted average diluted common shares outstanding.
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EBITDA is defined as operating income, adjusted to exclude depreciation and amortization.
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Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA, adjusted to exclude items that may include, but are not limited to, significant charges or credits that impact current results but are not related to our ongoing operations and unusual and infrequent non-operating items, M&A transaction and non-recurring integration costs, and LOGCAP V pre-operational legal costs that impact current results but are not related to our ongoing operations.
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EBITDA margin is defined as EBITDA divided by revenue.
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Adjusted EBITDA margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue.
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Organic revenue is defined as Revenue, adjusted to exclude revenue from acquired companies.
DISCUSSION OF FINANCIAL RESULTS
Year ended December 31, 2019, compared to Year ended December 31, 2018
Selected financial highlights are presented in the table below:
Revenue
Our revenue increased by $103.3 million, or 8.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase in revenue was attributable mainly to increases from our Middle East programs of $50.0 million, our U.S. programs of $35.2 million (which includes $22.7 million from our acquisition of Advantor), and our European programs of $18.1 million.
Cost of Revenue
The increase in cost of revenue of $88.1 million, or 7.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, was primarily due to higher revenue as described above.
Selling, General & Administrative (SG&A) Expenses
For the year ended December 31, 2019, SG&A expenses of $78.3 million increased by $11.9 million, or 18.0%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was due primarily to the addition of Advantor's SG&A expenses of $5.0 million, increased merger and acquisition costs of $2.1 million, LOGCAP V pre-operational legal costs of $1.2 million, and expenses related to internal investments in global operations of $3.6 million.
Operating Income
Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased by $3.3 million, or 6.8%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. This increase was primarily due to increases of $3.2 million from our Middle East programs and $1.1 million from our U.S. programs, partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in our European programs.
Operating income as a percentage of revenue was 3.7% for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to 3.8% for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Aggregate cumulative adjustments increased operating income by $3.1 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The aggregate cumulative adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2019 relate to favorable finalization of contract cost recoveries on contracts closed out with customers and higher margins associated with efficient labor cost management on active contracts. The aggregate cumulative adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2018 relate to higher margins associated with efficient internal labor and subcontractor cost management.
Interest (Expense) Income, Net
Interest (expense) income, net for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:
Interest income is directly related to interest earned on our cash. Interest expense is directly related to borrowings under our senior secured credit facilities, the amortization of debt issuance costs, and derivative instruments used to hedge a portion of our exposure to interest rate risk. The increase in interest expense of $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 was due primarily to increased use of our revolving credit facility in 2019 to finance short-term working capital requirements and the acquisition of Advantor.
Income Tax Expense
We recorded income tax expense of $10.4 million and $8.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which represented effective income tax expense rates of 23.1% and 18.4%, for the respective years. The increase in the effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 was due to revaluation of deferred tax items in the year ended December 31, 2018.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
Historically, we have generated operating cash flow sufficient to fund our working capital, capital expenditures, and financing requirements. We expect to fund our ongoing working capital, capital expenditure and financing requirements, and pursue additional growth through new business development and potential acquisition opportunities by using cash flows from operations, cash on hand, our credit facilities and access to capital markets. When necessary we will utilize our revolving credit facility to satisfy short-term working capital requirements.
If our cash flows from operations are less than we expect, we may need to access the long-term or short-term capital markets. Although we believe that our current financing arrangements will permit us to finance our operations on acceptable terms and conditions, our access to and the availability of financing on acceptable terms and conditions in the future will be impacted by many factors, including: (i) our credit ratings or absence of a credit rating, (ii) the liquidity of the overall capital markets and (iii) the current state of the economy. We cannot provide assurance that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or that such financing will be available at all.
In September 2014, we and our wholly-owned subsidiary, VSC, entered into a credit agreement with a group of lenders, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent. The credit agreement was amended as of April 19, 2016, to modify certain financial and negative covenants (as so amended, the Credit Agreement). On November 15, 2017, we and VSC entered into an Amendment and Restatement Agreement (the Amendment Agreement) with a group of lenders including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, which provides for the amendment and restatement of the Credit Agreement. The Amendment Agreement provides for $200.0 million in senior secured financing, consisting of a $80.0 million five-year term loan facility (the Amended Term Loan) and a $120.0 million five-year senior secured revolving credit facility (the Amended Revolver, and together with the Amended Term Loan, the Amended Credit Facilities). We used $74.6 million from the Amended Term Loan to repay principal and accrued but unpaid interest on the Credit Agreement. There were no outstanding borrowings under the Amended Revolver at December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019, there were four letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate amount of $3.0 million, which reduced our borrowing availability to $117.0 million under the Amended Revolver.
The Amendment Agreement includes an accordion feature that allows the Company to draw up to an additional $100.0 million subject to the lender's consent on the same terms and conditions as the existing commitments. The Amendment Agreement also permits the Company to borrow up to $75.0 million in unsecured debt as long as the aggregated sum of both the unsecured debt and the accordion does not exceed $100.0 million.
Dividends
We do not currently plan to pay a regular dividend on our common stock. The declaration of any future cash dividends and if declared, the amount of any such dividends, will depend upon our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements, financial covenants and other contractual restrictions and the discretion of our Board of Directors. In deciding whether to pay future dividends on our common stock, our Board of Directors may take into account such matters as general business conditions, industry practice, our financial condition and performance, our future prospects, our cash needs and capital investment plans, income tax consequences, applicable law and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
Sources and Uses of Liquidity
Cash, accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and accounts payable are the principal components of our working capital and are generally driven by our level of revenue with other short-term fluctuations related to payment practices by our customers and the timing of our billings. Our receivables reflect amounts billed to our customers, as well as the revenue that was recognized in the preceding month, which is normally billed the month following each balance sheet date.
The total amount of our accounts receivable can vary significantly over time and is sensitive to revenue levels and the timing of payments received from our customers. Days sales outstanding (DSO) is a metric used to monitor accounts receivable levels. The Company determines its DSO by calculating the number of days necessary to exhaust its ending accounts receivable balance based on its most recent historical revenue. Our DSO was 66 and 63 days as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The following table sets forth net cash provided by operating activities, investing and financing activities.
Trends in our operating cash flows tend to follow trends in operating income, excluding non-cash charges. Net cash provided by operating activities decreased for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018. Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of net income of $34.7 million and non-cash items of $15.2 million partially offset by increases in net working capital of $22.2 million due to the timing of cash collections and payments, as reflected primarily in accounts receivable and accounts payable and increases in other long-term assets of approximately $0.1 million.
Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 consisted of net income of $35.3 million and non-cash items of $8.7 million offset by unfavorable net working capital changes of $2.4 million due to the timing of cash collections and payments, as reflected primarily in accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other long-term assets and liability changes of $1.5 million.
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of $45.1 million for the acquisition of Advantor and $10.7 million of net capital expenditures for the purchase of computer hardware and software, intangible assets and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 consisted of $36.9 million for the acquisition of SENTEL and $10.0 million of capital expenditures for the purchase of equipment, leasehold improvements, hardware and software related to ongoing operations.
Net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2019 consisted of repayments of long-term debt of $4.5 million, and payments related to employee withholding taxes on share-based compensation in the amount of $1.1 million, offset by $3.7 million in cash received from the exercise of stock options. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we borrowed and repaid a total of $333.5 million from the Amended Revolver to meet short-term working capital requirements.
Net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2018 consisted of repayments of long-term debt of $4.0 million, and payments related to employee withholding taxes on share-based compensation in the amount of $0.9 million, offset by $1.6 million in cash received from the exercise of stock options. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we borrowed and repaid a total of $207.0 million from the Amended Revolver to meet short-term working capital requirements.
Capital Resources
At December 31, 2019, we held cash of $35.3 million, which included $7.5 million held by foreign subsidiaries, and had $117.0 million of available borrowing capacity under the Amended Revolver which expires on November 15, 2022. We believe that our cash at December 31, 2019, as supplemented by cash flows from operations and the Amended Revolver, will be sufficient to fund our anticipated operating costs, capital expenditures and current debt repayment obligations for at least the next 12 months.
We have a shelf registration statement with the SEC that became effective in January 2020 under which we may issue, from time to time, up to $250 million of common stock, preferred stock, depository shares, warrants, rights and debt securities. If necessary, we may seek to obtain additional term loans or issue debt or equity under the registration statement to supplement our working capital and investing requirements or to fund acquisitions. A financing transaction may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and a financing transaction may be dilutive to our current stockholders.
Contractual Obligations
Our commitments to make future payments under long-term contractual obligations were as follows, as of December 31, 2019:
1 There were no outstanding borrowings on the Amended Revolver at December 31, 2019.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have obligations relating to operating leases and letters of credit outstanding. Our Amended Revolver permits borrowings up to $120.0 million, of which $25.0 million is available for the issuance of letters of credit. At December 31, 2019, there were four letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate amount of $3.0 million, which reduced our borrowing availability under the Amended Revolver to $117.0 million. The aforementioned arrangements have not had, and management does not believe it is likely that they will in the future, have a material effect on our liquidity, capital resources, operations or financial condition.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES, ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates are revised as additional information becomes available. Management believes that the accounting estimates employed and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, actual results in these areas could differ from management's estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are discussed in Note 1, "Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, goodwill impairment assessments, intangible assets and income taxes have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements because they are inherently uncertain, involve significant judgments, include areas where different estimates reasonably could materially impact the financial statements. These significant critical accounting policies are discussed in this section. Management believes that the accounting estimates employed and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, actual results in these areas could differ from management's estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Revenue Recognition
We adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. As a defense contractor engaging in long-term contracts, substantially all of our revenue is derived from long-term service contracts. The unit of account for revenue in ASC Topic 606 is a performance obligation. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. To determine the proper revenue recognition method, consideration is given as to whether a single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. For most of our contracts, the customer contracts with us to perform an integrated set of tasks and deliverables as a single service solution, whereby each service is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and therefore is not distinct. As a result, when this integrated set of tasks exists, the contract is accounted for as one performance obligation. Unexercised contract options and indefinite delivery and indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contracts are considered to be separate performance obligations when the option or IDIQ task order is exercised or awarded. Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as services are provided throughout the contract term. We recognize revenue over time using the input method (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress. Our over time recognition is reinforced by the fact that our customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of our services as they are performed.
Accounting for contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For contracts, we estimate the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognize that profit over the life of the contract.
Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the services being performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer.
The nature of our contracts gives rise to several types of variable consideration, including award and incentive fees, inspection of supplies and services, and fluctuation in allowable indirect reimbursable costs. We include award or incentive fees in the estimated transaction price when there is certainty and a basis to reasonably estimate the amount of the fee. These estimates are based on historical award experience, anticipated performance and our best judgment at the time. The inspection of supplies and services is a factor because the U.S. government can reduce the transaction price if we do not perform the services in compliance with contract requirements. The fluctuation of allowable indirect reimbursable costs is a factor because the U.S. government has the right to review our accounting records and retroactively adjust the reimbursable rate. Any prior adjustments are reflected in the U.S. government reserve amounts recorded in our financial statements. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount that we expect to be entitled to receive. Refer to Note 18, "Commitments and Contingencies" in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion regarding U.S. government reserve amounts.
As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our contract estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on executed contracts cumulatively. The impact of the adjustments on profit recorded to date is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the quarter it is identified.
Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. If the modification either creates new enforceable rights and obligations or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations, the modification will be treated as a separate contract. Our contract modifications, except for those to exercise option years, have not been distinct from the existing contract and have been accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract.
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed and unbilled accounts receivable (contract assets) and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms at periodic intervals (e.g., biweekly or monthly). Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, we may receive advances or deposits from our customers, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These advance billings and payments are not considered significant financing components because they are frequently intended to fund current operating expenses under the contract. These assets and liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.
See Note 1, "Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 3, “Revenue” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents purchase consideration paid in a business combination that exceeds the fair values assigned to the net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise, such as changes to the reporting unit structure or significant adverse changes in the business climate). We conduct our annual impairment testing during the fourth fiscal quarter. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we elect to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, the entity is then required to perform the existing two-step quantitative impairment test as described below. Otherwise, no further analysis is required. We also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and, instead, proceed directly to the two-step quantitative impairment test.
The quantitative impairment test is a two-step test. In the first step, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is developed and compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and the second step of the impairment test is not performed. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, then the second step of the impairment test is performed in order to measure the impairment loss to be recorded. If the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, then an impairment loss equal to the difference is recorded.
For 2019 and 2018, we used the qualitative approach to assess goodwill for impairment. No impairment charges related to goodwill were recorded during 2019 and 2018.
Intangible Assets
We recognize an acquired intangible asset apart from goodwill whenever the intangible arises from contractual or other legal rights, or whenever it can be separated or divided from the acquired entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged, either individually or in combination with a related contract, asset or liability. Such intangibles are amortized over their estimated useful lives unless the estimated useful life is determined to be indefinite. Amortizable intangible assets are being
amortized over useful lives of four to eight years. The straight-line method of amortization is used as it has been determined to approximate the use pattern of the assets.
Income Taxes
We determine the provision or benefit for income taxes using the asset and liability approach. Under this approach, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, applying enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which we expect the differences will reverse. Based on the evaluation of available evidence, we recognize future tax benefits, such as net operating loss carryforwards, to the extent that we believe it is more likely than not we will realize these benefits. We periodically assess the likelihood that we will be able to recover our deferred tax assets and reflect any changes to our estimate of the amount we are more likely than not to realize in the valuation allowance, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings or other comprehensive income (loss), as appropriate.
Our effective tax rate reflects the impact of certain undistributed foreign earnings for which we have not recognized U.S. taxes because we plan to reinvest such earnings indefinitely outside the U.S. We plan foreign earnings remittance amounts based on projected cash flow needs, as well as the working capital and long-term investment requirements of our foreign subsidiaries and our domestic operations. Based on these assumptions, we estimate the amount we will distribute to the U.S. and recognize the U.S. federal taxes due only on these amounts. Material changes in our estimates of cash, working capital and long-term investment requirements in the various jurisdictions in which we do business could impact our actual remittance amounts and, accordingly, our effective tax rate.
The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions across our global operations. We recognize potential liabilities and record tax liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. Furthermore, we recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
We adjust our liability for unrecognized tax benefits in light of changing facts and circumstances; however, due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities. If our estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, an additional tax expense would result. If a payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be less than the recorded amounts, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary to be provided.
New Accounting Pronouncements
See Part II, Item 8, Note 2, "Recent Accounting Pronouncements" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding accounting pronouncements and accounting standards updates.
ITEM 7A.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our earnings, cash flows and financial position are exposed to market risks relating to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. All of the potential changes noted below are based on information available at December 31, 2019.
Interest Rate Risk
Each one percentage point change associated with the variable rate Amended Term Loan would result in a $0.2 million change in our annual cash interest expenses, net of the interest rate swaps in place as of December 31, 2019 to hedge a portion of this risk.
Assuming our Amended Revolver was fully drawn to a principal amount equal to $120 million, each one percentage point change in interest rates would result in a $1.2 million change in our annual cash interest expense.
As of December 31, 2019, the notional value of our interest rate swap agreements totaled $53.0 million. The difference to be paid or received under the terms of the interest rate swap agreements is accrued as interest rates change and recognized as an adjustment to interest expense for the related debt in the period incurred. Changes in the variable interest rates to be paid pursuant to the terms of the interest rate swap agreements will have a corresponding effect on future cash flows. Refer to Note 10, “Derivative Instruments,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding our interest rate swaps.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
The majority of our business is conducted in U.S. dollars. However, we are required to transact in foreign currencies for some of our contracts, resulting in some assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. Therefore, our earnings may experience some volatility related to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. We enter into forward foreign exchange contracts to buy or sell various foreign currencies to selectively protect against volatility in the value of non-functional currency
denominated monetary assets and liabilities. As of December 31, 2019, the U.S. dollar notional value of our outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts was approximately $7.7 million. The net fair value of these contracts at December 31, 2019 was a liability of $0.2 million.
We perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the effects that market risk exposures may have on the fair values of our forward foreign currency exchange contracts. To perform the sensitivity analysis, we assess the risk of loss in fair values from the effect of hypothetical changes in foreign currency exchange rates. This analysis assumes a like movement by the foreign currencies in our hedge portfolio against the U.S. dollar. As of December 31, 2019, a 5% appreciation in the value of the U.S. dollar would result in a net decrease in the fair value of our derivative portfolio of approximately $0.4 million.
For additional information on our interest rate and foreign currency hedge contracts, refer to Note 10, “Derivative Instruments,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 8.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements herein.
ITEM 9.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2019. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2019, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Beginning January 1, 2019, we implemented ASC Topic 842. In connection with its adoption, we implemented changes to our processes and control activities related to lease accounting. These changes included updating policies and procedures to reflect the lease accounting and disclosure requirements.
There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). On July 8, 2019, we completed our acquisition of Advantor. We are in the process of integrating Advantor’s financial reporting processes and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting into our financial reporting processes, procedures and internal controls. In the course of integrating Advantor’s financial reporting processes and procedures with ours, we may implement changes to financial reporting processes and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting and will disclose any such changes, if material, as required by the rules of the SEC. Management intends to complete its assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting for the acquired business within one year of the date of the acquisition. As permitted by the SEC, we have excluded Advantor from our assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019. Management reviewed the results of its assessment with our Audit Committee.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 was audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report included herein.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there may be resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of
Vectrus, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Vectrus, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, of the Company and our report dated March 3, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Advantor, which was acquired on July 8, 2019, and whose financial statements constitute 18% and 9% of net and total assets, respectively, 2% of revenues, and 0% of net income of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at Advantor.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying "Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting". Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Denver, Colorado
March 3, 2020
ITEM 9B.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information called for by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive proxy statement for the Company’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed within 120 days after the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, except that the information called for by Item 10 with respect to executive officers is set forth in Part I, Item 1, "Business" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Company filed with the SEC, as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the certifications required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
ITEM 11.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information called for by Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive proxy statement referred to in Item 10.
ITEM 12.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information called for by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive proxy statement referred to in Item 10.
ITEM 13.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information called for by Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive proxy statement referred to in Item 10.
ITEM 14.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information called for by Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive proxy statement referred to in Item 10.
PART IV
ITEM 15.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)
Documents filed as a part of this report:
1.
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing on page for a list of the financial statements filed as a part of this report.
2.
Exhibits
* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
+ Indicates this document is filed as an exhibit herewith.
# Submitted electronically with this report.
The Company’s Commission File Number for Reports on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K is 001-36341.
(b)
Financial Statement Schedules are omitted because of the absence of the conditions under which they are required or because the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements filed as part of this report.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
VECTRUS, INC.
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of
Vectrus, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Vectrus, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 3, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Denver, Colorado
March 3, 2020
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013.
VECTRUS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
VECTRUS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
VECTRUS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
VECTRUS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
VECTRUS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
VECTRUS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Our Business
Vectrus, Inc. is a leading provider of services to the U.S. government worldwide. The Company operates as one segment and provides the following services and offerings: facility and logistics services, information technology and network communications services, and operational technologies and converged solutions.
Unless the context otherwise requires, references in these notes to "Vectrus", "we," "us," "our," "the Company" and "our Company" refer to Vectrus, Inc. Vectrus was incorporated in the State of Indiana in February 2014. On September 27, 2014, Exelis Inc. (Exelis) completed the spin-off (the Spin-off) of Vectrus and Vectrus became an independent, publicly traded company. References in these notes to "Exelis" or "Former Parent" refer to Exelis Inc., an Indiana corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries (other than Vectrus). Exelis was acquired by Harris Corporation in May 2015.
Equity Investment
In 2011, we entered into a joint venture agreement with Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, Inc., which is now Aptim Federal Services LLC. Pursuant to the joint venture agreement, High Desert Support Services, LLC (HDSS) was established to pursue and perform work on the Ft. Irwin Installation Support Services Contract, which was awarded to HDSS in October 2012. We account for our investment in HDSS under the equity method as we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not hold a controlling interest. We record our proportionate 40% share of income or losses, which has historically been insignificant, in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Our investment in HDSS is recorded in other non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. When we receive cash distributions from HDSS, the cash distribution is compared to cumulative earnings and any excess is recorded as a distribution from equity investment in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Any remaining cash distribution is recorded in other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our investment balance in HDSS was $1.4 million and $2.4 million, respectively.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
Vectrus consolidates companies in which it has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates are revised as additional information becomes available. Estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to, revenue recognition, income taxes, fair value and impairment of goodwill and valuation of assets and certain contingent liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Segment Information
Management has concluded that the Company operates as one segment based upon the information used by the chief operating decision maker in evaluating the performance of the Company’s business and allocating resources and capital. Although we perform services worldwide, substantially all of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was from the U.S. government.
Revenue Recognition
As a defense contractor engaging in long-term contracts, substantially all of our revenue is derived from long-term service contracts. The unit of account for revenue in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) is a performance obligation. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. To determine the proper revenue recognition method, consideration is given as to whether a single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. For most of our contracts, the customer contracts with us to perform an integrated set of tasks and deliverables as a single service solution, whereby each service is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and therefore is not distinct. As a result,
when this integrated set of tasks exists, the contract is accounted for as one performance obligation. The vast majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation. Unexercised contract options and indefinite delivery and indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contracts are considered to be separate performance obligations when the option or IDIQ task order is exercised or awarded. Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as services are provided throughout the contract term. We recognize revenue over time using the input method (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress. Our over time recognition is reinforced by the fact that our customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of our services as they are performed. For most U.S. government contracts, this continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by clauses in the contract that allow the customer to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay us for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of any work in process. This continuous transfer of control requires that we track progress towards completion of performance obligations in order to measure and recognize revenue.
Accounting for contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For contracts, we estimate the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognize that profit over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the services being performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and negotiations with the customer on contract modifications.
The nature of our contracts gives rise to several types of variable consideration, including award and incentive fees, inspection of supplies and services, and fluctuation in allowable indirect reimbursable costs. We include award or incentive fees in the estimated transaction price when there is certainty and a basis to reasonably estimate the amount of the fee. These estimates are based on historical award experience, anticipated performance and our best judgment at the time. The inspection of supplies and services is a factor because the U.S. government can reduce the transaction price if we do not perform the services in compliance with contract requirements. The fluctuation of allowable indirect reimbursable costs is a factor because the U.S. government has the right to review our accounting records and retroactively adjust the reimbursable rate. Any prior adjustments are reflected in the U.S. government reserve amounts recorded in our financial statements. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount that we expect to be entitled to receive. Refer to Note 18, "Commitments and Contingencies" for additional information regarding U.S. government reserve amounts.
As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our contract estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on executed contracts cumulatively. The impact of the adjustments on profit recorded to date is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the quarter it is identified.
Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. If the modification either creates new enforceable rights and obligations or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations, the modification will be treated as a separate contract. Our contract modifications, except for those to exercise option years, have not been distinct from the existing contract and have been accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract.
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed and unbilled accounts receivable (contract assets) and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms at periodic intervals (e.g., biweekly or monthly). Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, we may receive advances or deposits from our customers, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These advance billings and payments are not considered significant financing components because they are frequently intended to fund current operating expenses under the contract. These assets and liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.
Our primary customer is the U.S. Department of Defense, with a high concentration in the U.S. Army. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we had total revenue of $1.4 billion, $1.3 billion, and $1.1 billion, respectively, substantially all of which was derived from U.S. government customers. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we generated approximately 69%, 73% and 82%, respectively, of our total revenue from the U.S. Army.
Receivables
Receivables include amounts billed and currently due from customers, amounts unbilled, certain estimated contract change amounts, estimates related to expected award fees, claims or requests for equitable adjustment in negotiation that are probable of recovery, and amounts retained by the customer pending contract completion.
Earnings Per Share
We compute earnings per common share on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares, and, where dilutive, common share equivalents, outstanding during the indicated periods.
Stock-Based Compensation
We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair values of the equity instruments issued or on the fair values of the liabilities incurred. The expense is recognized primarily within selling, general and administrative expenses over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally equivalent to the vesting terms.
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Property, plant and equipment, net are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Major improvements are capitalized at cost while expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor improvements are expensed. For asset sales or retirements, the assets and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are eliminated from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operating income.
Depreciation and amortization are generally computed using either an accelerated or straight-line method and is based on estimated useful lives or lease terms as follows:
Long-Lived Asset Impairment
Long-lived assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying value may not be recoverable. We assess the recoverability of long-lived assets based on the undiscounted future cash flow the assets are expected to generate. When carrying value exceeds the undiscounted future cash flow, an impairment is recorded when the carrying value of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow approach or, when available and appropriate, comparable market values.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents purchase consideration paid in a business combination that exceeds the fair values assigned to the net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise, such as changes to the reporting unit structure or significant adverse changes in the business climate). We conduct our annual impairment testing during the fourth fiscal quarter. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we elect to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, the entity is then required to perform the existing two-step quantitative impairment test as described below. Otherwise, no further analysis is required. We also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and, instead, proceed directly to the two-step quantitative impairment test.
The quantitative impairment test is a two-step test. In the first step, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is developed and compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and the second step of the impairment test is not performed. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, then the second step of the impairment test is performed in order to measure the impairment loss to be recorded. If the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, then we record an impairment loss equal to the difference. We estimate the fair value of our reporting unit using an income approach and a market approach. Under the income approach, we estimate fair value based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Under the market approach, we compare our company to select reasonably similar publicly traded companies.
We acquired Advantor Systems Corporation and Advantor Systems, LLC (collectively, Advantor) in 2019. See Note 5, "Acquisitions" for further discussion of goodwill recognized in the Advantor acquisition.
Intangible Assets
We recognize an acquired intangible asset apart from goodwill whenever the intangible arises from contractual or other legal rights, or whenever it can be separated or divided from the acquired entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged, either individually or in combination with a related contract, asset or liability. Such intangibles are amortized over their estimated useful lives unless the estimated useful life is determined to be indefinite. Finite lived intangible assets are being amortized over useful lives of four to eight years. The straight-line method of amortization is used as it has been determined to approximate the use pattern of the assets.
Leases
On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the new lease accounting standard ASC Topic 842, Leases (ASC Topic 842). Operating leases are included on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as right-of-use (ROU) assets, other accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities.
ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Because most of our leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019 was applied to operating leases in effect as of that date. The lease ROU assets also include any prepaid lease payments and exclude lease incentives. Many of our leases include one or more options to renew or terminate the lease, solely at our discretion. Such options are factored into the lease term when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
As allowed under ASC Topic 842, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance which allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification, assessment of whether a contract was or contained a lease and assessment of initial direct costs. In addition, we have made policy elections to apply the short-term leases practical expedient, whereby leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on our balance sheet, and the practical expedient to not separate lease components from non-lease components. The latter expedient is applied to all of our leases. We did not elect to apply the hindsight practical expedient in determining lease terms and assessing impairment of ROU assets. See Note 2, "Recent Accounting Pronouncements" and Note 13, "Leases" for further information.
Income Taxes
We determine the provision or benefit for income taxes using the asset and liability approach. Under this approach, deferred income taxes represent the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we look to the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, taxable income in carryback years, the feasibility of tax planning strategies, and estimated future taxable income. The valuation allowance can be affected by changes to tax laws, changes to statutory tax rates and changes to future taxable income estimates.
Commitments and Contingencies
We record accruals for commitments and loss contingencies when they are probable of occurrence and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. In addition, legal fees are accrued for cases where a loss is probable and the related fees can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount of loss. We review these accruals quarterly and adjust the accruals to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other updated information.
Derivative Instruments
Derivative instruments are recognized as either an asset or liability at fair value in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and are classified as current or long-term based on the scheduled maturity of the instrument. Our derivative instruments have been formally designated and qualify as part of a cash flow hedging relationship under applicable accounting standards.
The interest rate derivative instruments are adjusted to fair value through accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). If we were to determine that a derivative was no longer highly effective as a hedge, we would discontinue the hedge accounting prospectively. Gains or losses would be immediately reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings relating to hedged forecasted transactions that are no longer probable of occurring. Gains or losses relating to terminations of effective cash flow hedges in which the forecasted transactions would still be probable of occurring would be deferred and recognized consistent with the income or loss recognition of the underlying hedged item.
Refer to Note 10, "Derivative Instruments," for additional information regarding our derivative activities.
Severance Expense
We periodically initiate management-approved restructuring activities to achieve cost savings through reduced operational redundancies and to strategically position ourselves in the market in response to prevailing economic conditions and associated customer demand. Costs associated with restructuring actions can include severance and related benefit charges. For involuntary separation plans, a liability is recognized when it is probable, reasonably estimable, and communicated to employees. For voluntary separation plans, a liability is recognized when the employee irrevocably accepts the termination.
Fair Value Measurements
We determine fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In measuring fair value, a fair value hierarchy is applied which categorizes and prioritizes the inputs used to estimate fair value into three levels. The fair value hierarchy is based on maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. There are three levels of the fair value hierarchy. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices (in nonactive markets or in active markets for similar assets or liabilities), inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the assets or liabilities.
Foreign Currency Translation
The financial statements of programs for which the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars. Balance sheet accounts are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the end of each period; income statement accounts are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Gains and losses on foreign currency translations are recorded as translation adjustments to other comprehensive (loss) income. Net gains or losses from foreign currency transactions are reported in selling, general and administrative expenses and have historically been immaterial.
NOTE 2
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Accounting Standards Issued but Not Effective in 2019
In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2018-15 to provide guidance on accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement (CCA) hosted by the vendor - that is a service contract. Under the new guidance, a customer will apply the same criteria for capitalizing implementation costs of a CCA as it would for an on-premises internal-use software license. Presentation of such costs, however, will vary from those required for licensed internal-use software. ASU 2018-15 is effective January 1, 2020 and can be adopted prospectively or retrospectively. Vectrus has elected to adopt the ASU on a prospective basis. The standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04. The objective of ASU 2017-04 is to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by entities performing their annual goodwill impairment tests by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit, including income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill, with its carrying amount and, in instances where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, recognizing an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value. ASU 2017-04 is to be applied on a prospective basis and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-13 was issued in June 2016 with the intent of providing financial statement users with more useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. Current treatment uses the incurred loss methodology for recognizing credit losses that delays the recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. The accounting update adds a new impairment model, known as the current expected credit loss model, which is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity will recognize as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses, which the FASB believes will result in more timely recognition of such losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective January 1, 2020. The standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Other new pronouncements issued but not effective until after December 31, 2019 are not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Accounting Standards That Were Adopted
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02. The objective of ASU 2016-02, and its subsequent amendments, is to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. The standard requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets but does not change the manner in which expenses are recorded in the income statement. We adopted the standard during the first quarter of 2019 using the cumulative-effect adjustment transition method, which applies the provisions of the standard at the effective date without adjusting comparative periods presented. See Note 1, "Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 13, "Leases" for further information.
In 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, which provided guidance to amend and simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance to better portray the economic results of risk management activities in the financial statements. The guidance
expands the ability to hedge nonfinancial and financial risk components, eliminates the requirements to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness, as well as eases certain hedge effectiveness assessment requirements. We adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-12 during the first quarter of 2019. Adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our financial statements or disclosures.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act). The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2018-02 during the first quarter of 2019 and recorded a $0.3 million decrease to accumulated other comprehensive income and a corresponding increase to beginning retained earnings to reflect the changes in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate as a result of the Tax Act. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2018-02, the Company's policy to release income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is consistent with the underlying book method.
NOTE 3
REVENUE
Performance Obligations
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account for revenue in ASC Topic 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. To determine the proper revenue recognition method, consideration is given as to whether a single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. For most of our contracts, the customer contracts with us to perform an integrated set of tasks and deliverables as a single service solution, whereby each service is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and therefore is not distinct. As a result, when this integrated set of tasks exists, the contract is accounted for as one performance obligation. The vast majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation. Unexercised contract options and indefinite delivery and indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contracts are considered to be separate performance obligations when the option or IDIQ task order is exercised or awarded.
Contract modifications are routine in the performance of our contracts. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications or requirements. In most instances, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct, and therefore, are accounted for as part of the existing contract. Modifications to exercise option years create new enforceable rights and obligations and therefore are treated as separate performance obligations.
The Company's performance obligations are satisfied over time as services are provided throughout the contract term. We recognize revenue over time using the input method (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress. Our over time recognition is reinforced by the fact that our customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of our services as they are performed. This continuous transfer of control requires that we track progress towards completion of performance obligations in order to measure and recognize revenue. Determining progress on performance obligations requires us to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognition. Remaining performance obligations represent firm orders by the customer and excludes potential orders under IDIQ contracts, unexercised contract options and contracts awarded to us that are being protested by competitors with the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) or in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. The level of order activity related to programs can be affected by the timing of government funding authorizations and their project evaluation cycles. Year-over-year comparisons could, at times, be impacted by these factors, among others.
The Company's contracts are multi-year contracts and typically include an initial period of one year or less with annual one-year (or less) option periods. The number of option periods varies by contract, and there is no guarantee that an option period will be exercised. The right to exercise an option period is at the sole discretion of the U.S. government when we are the prime contractor or of the prime contractor when we are a subcontractor. We expect to recognize a substantial portion of our performance obligations as revenue within the next 12 months. However, the U.S. government or the prime contractor may cancel any contract at any time through a termination for convenience or for cause. Substantially all of our contracts have terms that would permit us to recover all or a portion of our incurred costs and fees for work performed in the event of a termination for convenience.
Remaining performance obligations decreased by $8.5 million to $849 million as of December 31, 2019 as compared to $858 million as of December 31, 2018. We expect to recognize approximately 86% of the remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2019 as revenue in 2020. Remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are presented in the following table:
Contract Estimates
Accounting for contracts and programs involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For contracts, we estimate the profit on a contract as the difference between the total estimated revenue and expected costs to complete a contract and recognize that profit over the life of the contract.
Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the services being performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer.
The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on our operating income can be reflected in either revenue or cost of revenue. Cumulative adjustments for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were favorable by $3.1 million, $1.6 million, and $11.6 million, respectively.
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the net favorable adjustments to operating income increased revenue by $4.4 million, $0.8 million and $9.7 million, respectively.
Revenue by Category
Generally, the sales price elements for our contracts are cost-plus, cost-reimbursable or firm-fixed-price. We commonly have elements of cost-plus, cost-reimbursable and firm-fixed-price contracts on a single contract. On a cost-plus type contract, we are paid our allowable incurred costs plus a profit, which can be fixed or variable depending on the contract’s fee arrangement, up to funding levels predetermined by our customers. On cost-plus type contracts, we do not bear the risks of unexpected cost overruns, provided that we do not incur costs that exceed the predetermined funded amounts. Most of our cost-plus contracts also contain a firm-fixed-price element. Cost-plus type contracts with award and incentive fee provisions are our primary variable contract fee arrangement. Award fees provide for a fee based on actual performance relative to contractually specified performance criteria. Incentive fees provide for a fee based on the relationship between total allowable and target cost. On most of our contracts, a cost-reimbursable element captures consumable materials required for the program. Typically, these costs do not bear fees.
On a firm-fixed-price type contract, we agree to perform the contractual statement of work for a predetermined contract price. A firm-fixed-price type contract typically offers higher profit margin potential than a cost-plus type contract, which is commensurate with the greater levels of risk we assume on a firm-fixed-price type contract. Although a firm-fixed-price type contract generally permits us to retain profits if the total actual contract costs are less than the estimated contract costs, we bear the risk that increased or unexpected costs may reduce our profit or cause us to sustain losses on the contract. Although the overall scope of work required under the contract may not change, profit may be adjusted as experience is gained and as efficiencies are realized or costs are incurred.
The following tables present our revenue disaggregated by different categories. Revenue by contract type for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
Revenue by geographic region in which the contract is performed for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
Revenue by contract relationship for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
Revenue by customer for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
Contract Balances
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed and unbilled accounts receivable (contract assets) and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms at periodic intervals (e.g., biweekly or monthly). Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, we may receive advances or deposits from our customers, before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These advance billings and payments are not considered significant financing components because they are frequently intended to ensure that both parties are in conformance with the primary contract terms. These assets and liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.
As of December 31, 2019, we had contract assets of $186.5 million. Refer to Note 8, "Receivables," for additional information regarding the composition of our receivables balances. As of December 31, 2019, our contract liabilities were insignificant.
NOTE 4
INCOME TAXES
We determine the provision for income taxes using the asset and liability approach. Under this approach, deferred income taxes represent the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we look to the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, taxable income in carryback years, the feasibility of tax planning strategies and estimated future taxable income. The valuation allowance can be affected by changes to tax laws, changes to statutory tax rates and changes to future taxable income estimates. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we did not establish or release an additional valuation allowance.
We provide for U.S. deferred taxes on the excess of financial reporting basis over the U.S. tax basis for our foreign earnings when we do not plan to reinvest such earnings indefinitely outside the United States.
The sources of pre-tax income and the components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are as follows:
A reconciliation of the income tax provision at the U.S. statutory rate to the effective income tax rate as reported is as follows:
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, applying enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which we expect the differences will reverse. Deferred tax assets and liabilities include the following:
Uncertain Tax Positions
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:
As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, unrecognized tax benefits from uncertain tax positions were $7.9 million, $1.8 million and $0.0 million, respectively. We generated $3.6 million of unrecognized benefits during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to a current year foreign derived intangible deduction (FDII) position. We generated $2.6 million of unrecognized tax benefits during the year ended December 31, 2019 related to a prior year FDII deduction position. We are awaiting further guidance on the FDII deduction. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we generated $1.3 million of unrecognized benefits related to a current year FDII position and we generated $0.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits during the year related to prior year positions as a result of timing differences that were included on our 2017 income tax return.
We classify interest relating to tax matters as a component of interest expense and tax penalties as a component of income tax expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income. During 2019, the Company recognized $0.2 million of interest expense related to tax matters. No interest expense related to tax matters was recognized during 2018 and 2017.
The Company's earliest open tax year in the U.S. is 2016.
NOTE 5
ACQUISITIONS
Advantor
On July 8, 2019, we acquired Advantor from Infrasafe Holding, Inc. and Infrasafe, LLC (collectively, Infrasafe). Advantor is a leading provider of integrated electronic security systems to the U.S. government. In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, we accounted for this transaction using the acquisition method. We conducted valuations of certain acquired assets and liabilities for inclusion in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the date of acquisition. Assets that normally would
not be recorded in ordinary operations (i.e. intangibles related to contractual relationships) were recorded at their estimated fair values. The excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill.
The total net consideration paid for the acquisition was $45.1 million, consisting of the purchase price of $44.0 million, net of cash acquired, and $1.1 million for working capital in excess of the working capital requirement agreed upon in the stock purchase agreement. The acquisition was funded by utilizing cash on hand and available capacity from our Amended Revolver (as defined in Note 9, “Debt”).
A breakdown of the preliminary purchase price allocation, net of cash acquired, is as follows:
Adjustments, if any, to the initial purchase accounting for the acquired net assets will be completed, as needed, up to one year from the acquisition date as we obtain additional information regarding facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date.
The Company recognized two intangible assets related to customer contracts (backlog) and the Advantor trade name arising from the acquisition. The fair value of the customer contracts was $7.2 million, and the fair value of the Advantor trade name was $1.1 million with amortization periods of 5.0 years and 4.5 years, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the weighted-average amortization period for these intangible assets was 4.5 years. The Company recorded amortization expense of $0.8 million during 2019. The amortization expense is included in cost of revenue in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
Additionally, the Company recognized goodwill of $28.4 million arising from the acquisition, which relates primarily to acquired product and services strengthening our advance into a higher value, technology-enabled and differentiated platform, as well as extending our facilities and logistics services to include the electronic protection and security of facilities. Goodwill also includes other intangibles that do not qualify for separate recognition. The goodwill recognized for the Advantor acquisition is fully deductible for income tax purposes.
Through December 31, 2019, the Company recorded acquisition-related costs of $1.0 million. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Income and do not reflect any other one-time internal non-recurring integration costs.
Advantor's results of operations have been included in our Consolidated Statements of Income for the period subsequent to acquisition on July 8, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2019, Advantor contributed $22.7 million of revenue and an insignificant amount of income from operations before income taxes to the Company's Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2018, on a pro forma basis, the acquired business would have recognized revenue of $35.5 million and an insignificant amount of income from operations before income taxes to the Company's Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2018.
SENTEL
On January 23, 2018, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding common stock of SENTEL Corporation (SENTEL). In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, we accounted for this transaction using the acquisition method. We conducted valuations of certain acquired assets and liabilities for inclusion in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the date of acquisition. Assets that normally would not be recorded in ordinary operations (i.e., intangibles related to contractual relationships) were recorded at their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill.
The total net consideration paid for the acquisition was $36.9 million, consisting of the purchase price of $36.0 million and $0.9 million in excess of the working capital requirement agreed upon in the stock purchase agreement entered into among our wholly-owned subsidiary Vectrus Systems Corporation (VSC), SENTEL, R&R Enterprises, Inc. and Russell T. Wright. The acquisition was funded by utilizing cash on hand and available capacity from our Amended Revolver (as defined in Note 9, "Debt").
A breakdown of the purchase price allocation, net of cash acquired, is as follows:
With the acquisition of SENTEL, the Company recognized two intangible assets relating to customer contracts, backlog and contract re-competes. The fair value of the backlog was $6.5 million and the fair value of the contract re-competes was $4.0 million with amortization periods of 4.0 years and 8.0 years, respectively.
Additionally, the Company recognized goodwill of $16.7 million arising from the acquisition, which relates primarily to growth opportunities based on a broader service offering in the converging physical and digital infrastructure market, and enhancing our information technology, technical solutions and logistics capabilities, while expanding our client base to customers in the U.S. intelligence community. The goodwill recognized for the SENTEL acquisition is fully deductible for income tax purposes.
SENTEL's results of operations have been included in our Consolidated Statements of Income for the period subsequent to acquisition on January 23, 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2018, SENTEL contributed $112.3 million of revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2017, SENTEL recognized $107.0 million of revenue. Income from operations before income taxes for SENTEL was insignificant in both 2018 and 2017.
NOTE 6
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The Company tests goodwill for impairment as of October 1 each year, or more frequently should circumstances change or events occur that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The annual tests performed in the three years ended December 31, 2019 resulted in no impairment of goodwill.
The change in the net carrying amount of goodwill for 2018 and 2019 is as follows (in thousands):
Other identifiable intangible assets consist of the following:
The increase during 2019 was due to $8.3 million from the acquisition of Advantor and $1.1 million of amortizable intangible assets purchased during the first quarter of 2019. This increase was partially offset by intangible amortization expense of approximately $3.1 million and $2.0 million for years ended 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, the weighted-average intangible asset amortization period was 4.2 years.
The estimated amortization expense for intangible assets for the next five years is as follows (in thousands):
NOTE 7
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects potential dilution that could occur if securities to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. Diluted EPS includes the dilutive effect of share-based compensation outstanding after application of the treasury stock method.
The table below provides a summary of securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the period presented.
NOTE 8
RECEIVABLES
Receivables were comprised of the following:
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, substantially all billed receivables are due from the U.S. government, either directly as prime contractor to the U.S. government or as subcontractor to another prime contractor to the U.S. government. Because the Company’s billed receivables are with the U.S. government, the Company does not believe it has a material credit risk exposure.
Unbilled receivables are contract assets that represent revenue recognized on long-term contracts in excess of amounts billed as of the balance sheet date. We estimate that approximately $6.6 million of our unbilled receivables as of December 31, 2019 may not be collected within the next 12 months. These amounts relate to the timing of the U.S. government review of indirect rates and contract line item realignments with our customers. Changes in the balance of receivables are primarily due to the timing differences between our performance and customer payments.
NOTE 9
DEBT
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
Term Loan and Revolver. In September 2014, we and our wholly-owned subsidiary, VSC, entered into a credit agreement with a group of lenders, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent. The credit agreement was amended as of April 19, 2016, to modify certain financial and negative covenants (as so amended, the Credit Agreement). On November 15, 2017, we and VSC entered into an Amendment and Restatement Agreement (the Amendment Agreement) with a group of lenders including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, which provides for the amendment and restatement of the Credit Agreement. The Amendment Agreement provides for $200.0 million in senior secured financing, consisting of a $80.0 million five-year term loan facility (the Amended Term Loan) and a $120.0 million five-year senior secured revolving credit facility (the Amended Revolver, and together with the Amended Term Loan, the Amended Credit Facilities).
Additionally, the Amendment Agreement includes an accordion feature that allows the Company to draw up to an additional $100.0 million subject to the lender's consent on the same terms and conditions as the existing commitments. The Amendment Agreement also permits the Company to borrow up to $75.0 million in unsecured debt as long as the aggregated sum of both the unsecured debt and the accordion does not exceed $100.0 million.
We used $74.6 million from the Amended Term Loan to repay principal and accrued but unpaid interest on the Credit Agreement. We also used $1.8 million from the Amended Term Loan to pay debt financing fees, which are included in "Long-term debt, net" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are being amortized as an adjustment to interest expense over the life of the Amendment Agreement. Amortization expense relating to debt issuance costs on the Amendment Agreement was $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $1.4 million, which included $0.8 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of the date of the Amendment Agreement, for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. All debt issuance amortization costs are included in interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Amended Term Loan amortizes in an amount equal to $1.0 million per quarter for the fiscal quarters ending December 31, 2017 through September 30, 2019, $1.5 million per quarter for the fiscal quarters ending December 31, 2019 through September 30, 2020, $2.0 million per quarter for the fiscal quarters ending December 31, 2020 through September 30, 2021, $2.6 million for the fiscal quarters ending December 31, 2021 through September 30, 2022, with the balance of $47.6 million due on November 15, 2022. Amounts borrowed under the Amended Term Loan that are repaid or prepaid may not be re-borrowed. Any unpaid amounts must be repaid by the maturity dates. As of December 31, 2019, the balance outstanding under the Amended Term Loan was $70.5 million.
The Amended Revolver is available for working capital, capital expenditures, and other general corporate purposes. The Amended Revolver will mature and the commitments thereunder will terminate on November 15, 2022. There were no outstanding borrowings under the Amended Revolver at December 31, 2019. Up to $25.0 million of the Amended Revolver is available for the issuance of letters of credit. As of December 31, 2019, there were four letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate amount of $3.0 million, which reduced our borrowing availability under the Amended Revolver to $117.0 million.
The Company's aggregate scheduled maturities of the Amended Term Loan as of December 31, 2019, are as follows:
Guarantees and Collateral. The indebtedness and other obligations under the Amended Credit Facilities are unconditionally guaranteed jointly and severally on a senior secured basis by us and certain of our restricted subsidiaries and are secured, subject to permitted liens and other exceptions, by a first-priority lien on substantially all of our tangible and intangible assets and those of each domestic guarantor.
Voluntary Prepayments. We may voluntarily prepay the Amended Term Loan in whole or in part at any time without premium or penalty, subject to the payment of customary breakage costs under certain conditions. Voluntary prepayments of the Amended Term Loan will be applied to the remaining installments thereof as directed by us. We may reduce the commitments under the Amended Revolver in whole or in part at any time without premium or penalty.
Covenants. The Amended Credit Facilities contain customary covenants, including covenants that, under certain circumstances and subject to certain qualifications and exceptions: limit or restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness; merge, dissolve, liquidate or consolidate; make acquisitions, investments, advances or loans; dispose of or transfer assets; pay dividends; redeem or repurchase certain debt; and enter into certain restrictive agreements.
In addition, we are required to comply with (a) a maximum ratio of total consolidated indebtedness to consolidated earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) of 3.00 to 1.00 (or 3.25 to 1.00 for the 12 months following a qualified acquisition), and (b) a minimum ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest expense (net of cash interest income) of 4.50 to 1.00. As of December 31, 2019, we had a ratio of total consolidated indebtedness to EBITDA of 0.97 to 1.00 and a ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest expense of 11.82 to 1.00. We were in compliance with all covenants related to the Amended Credit Facilities as of December 31, 2019.
Interest Rates and Fees. Outstanding borrowings under the Amended Credit Facilities accrue interest, at our option, at a per annum rate of (i) LIBOR plus the applicable margin, which ranges from 1.75% to 2.50% depending on the leverage ratio, or (ii) a base rate plus the applicable margin, which ranges from 0.75% to 1.50% depending on the leverage ratio. The interest rate under the Amended Credit Facilities at December 31, 2019 was 3.80%. We pay a commitment fee on the undrawn portion of the Amended Revolver ranging from 0.30% to 0.45%, depending on the leverage ratio.
Carrying Value and Fair Value. The fair value of the Amended Credit Facilities approximates the carrying value as of December 31, 2019 because the debt bears interest at a floating rate of interest. The fair value is based on observable inputs of interest rates that are currently available to us for debt with similar terms and maturities for non-public debt.
Carrying values and fair values of the Amended Term Loan on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:
Carrying values and fair values of the Amended Term Loan on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:
NOTE 10
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
Interest Rate Derivative Instruments
The Company is exposed to the risk that our earnings and cash flows could be adversely impacted due to fluctuations in interest rates. To manage this risk, the Company periodically enters into interest rate swaps in which we agree to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between variable and fixed interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional amount. Derivative instruments are not used for trading purposes or to manage exposure to changes in interest rates for investment securities, and our outstanding derivative instruments do not contain credit risk related contingent features. Collateral is generally not required.
The interest rate swaps are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are determined using the income approach based on a discounted cash flow model to determine the present value of future cash flows over the remaining term of the contract incorporating observable market inputs such as prevailing interest rates as of the reporting date (Level 2). Changes in fair value of the interest rate swap are recorded, net of tax, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. We reclassify the effective gain or loss from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, to interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income as the interest expense is recognized on the related debt. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the interest rate swap, if any, is recognized directly in earnings in interest expense.
Our interest rate swaps are designated and qualify as effective cash flow hedges. The contracts, with a notional amount totaling $53.0 million at December 31, 2019 and expiration dates through November 2022, are recorded at fair value.
The following table summarizes the amount at fair value and location of the derivative instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2019:
The following table summarizes the amount at fair value and location of the derivative instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018:
By utilizing interest rate swaps, we are exposed to credit-related losses in the event that the counterparty fails to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. To mitigate this risk, we entered into the interest rate swap with a major financial institution based upon credit ratings and other factors. We regularly assess the creditworthiness of the counterparty. As of December 31, 2019, the counterparty to the interest rate swap had performed in accordance with its contractual obligations. Both the counterparty credit risk and our credit risk were considered in the fair value determination.
Net interest rate derivative losses of less than $0.1 million and approximately $0.2 million were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income during 2019 and 2018, respectively. A gain of $0.4 million from our interest rate swaps was recognized in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2017. We expect $0.3 million of existing interest rate swap losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2019 to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.
Foreign Currency Derivative Instrument
We transact business in various foreign countries and are therefore exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk that impacts the reported U.S. dollar amounts of revenues, costs, and certain foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities. In order to manage exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency and to reduce the volatility in cash flows and earnings caused by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, we entered into forward contracts to buy and sell foreign currency. By policy, we do not enter into these contracts for trading purposes or speculation. As of December 31, 2019, we had economically hedged certain portions of our foreign currency risk in anticipated transactions using derivative instruments with expiration dates through December 2020.
Counterparty default risk is considered low because the forward contracts that we entered into are over-the-counter instruments transacted with highly-rated financial institutions. We were not required to, and did not, post collateral as of December 31, 2019.
Our foreign currency derivative instruments are recorded at fair value as a derivative asset or liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The foreign currency forward contracts are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are determined using the income approach based on a discounted cash flow model to determine the present value of future cash flows over the remaining term of the contract incorporating observable market inputs such as prevailing foreign currency exchange rates as of the reporting date (Level 2).
Forward contracts acquired prior to December 31, 2017 were not designated as hedging instruments and changes in fair value of these contracts were recognized within selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Forward contracts entered into after December 31, 2017 were designated and qualify as hedging instruments. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded, net of tax, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. We reclassify the effective gain or loss from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, within selling, general and administrative expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income as the forward contracts are settled. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the forward contracts, if any, is recognized directly in earnings in selling, general and administrative expense. In the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, we classify cash flows from foreign currency derivative instruments at settlement in the same category as the cash flows from the related hedged item, generally within cash provided by operating activities.
Net foreign currency derivative losses of $0.6 million and less than $0.1 million were recognized in selling, general and administrative expense, during 2019 and 2018, respectively. The 2018 losses related to our non-designated hedges, all of which were settled in 2018. During 2017, no foreign currency derivative gains or losses were recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Income. We expect $0.2 million of existing foreign currency forward contract losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2019 are to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.
The following table summarizes the amount at fair value and location of the derivative instruments used for our forward contract hedges in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2019.
The following table summarizes the amount at fair value and location of the derivative instruments used for our forward contract hedges in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018.
At December 31, 2019, the notional amount of our outstanding foreign currency foreign exchange contracts, all of which were for the exchange of U.S. dollars and Euros, was $7.7 million.
NOTE 11
COMPOSITION OF CERTAIN FINANCIAL STATEMENT CAPTIONS
The following tables present financial information underlying certain balance sheet captions.
Compensation and other employee benefits
Compensation and other employee benefits are affected by short-term fluctuations in the timing of payments and were comprised of the following at December 31:
Other accrued liabilities
Other accrued liabilities were comprised of the following at December 31:
NOTE 12
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following at December 31:
Depreciation expense of property, plant and equipment was $3.4 million, $1.8 million and $1.7 million in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
NOTE 13
LEASES
We determine whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception. We have operating leases for office space, apartments, vehicles, and machinery and equipment. Our operating leases have lease terms of less than one year to ten years.
We do not separate lease components from non-lease components (e.g., common area maintenance, property taxes, and insurance) but account for both components in a contract as a single lease component.
The components of lease expense are as follows:
Supplemental balance sheet information related to our operating leases is as follows:
Initial ROU assets of $19.2 million were recognized as non-cash asset additions when the new lease accounting standard was adopted on January 1, 2019. Additional ROU assets from operating lease arrangements of $7.2 million were recognized as non-cash asset additions during the year ended December 31, 2019, and; ROU assets of $1.9 million were recognized with the Advantor acquisition.
The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for our operating leases at December 31, 2019 were 4.5 years and 6.2%, respectively.
Maturities of lease liabilities at December 31, 2019 were as follows:
NOTE 14
POST EMPLOYMENT BENEFIT PLANS
We sponsor two defined contribution savings plans, with the addition of Advantor, which allow employees to contribute a portion of their pre-tax and/or after-tax income in accordance with specified guidelines. The Company matches a percentage of eligible employee contributions up to certain limits of employee base pay. Our portion of the matching contributions charged to income amounted to $6.8 million and $5.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
On September 11, 2014, our Board of Directors adopted and approved the Vectrus Systems Corporation Excess Savings Plan (the Excess Savings Plan). Since federal law limits the amount of compensation that can be used to determine employee and employer contribution amounts to our tax-qualified plans, we established the Excess Savings Plan to allow for Company contributions based on an eligible employee's base salary in excess of these limits. No employee contributions are permitted. All balances under the Excess Savings Plan are maintained on the books of the Company and credits and deductions are made to the accumulated savings under the plan based on the earnings or losses attributable to a stable value fund as defined in the Excess Savings Plan. Benefits will be paid in a lump sum generally in the seventh month following the date on which the employee's separation from service occurs. Employees are 100% vested at all times in any amounts credited to their accounts. As of both December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had accrued $0.1 million of contributions under the Excess Savings Plan.
The Company has an amended and restated Senior Executive Severance Pay Plan (the Amended Plan) that has been effective since 2016. Termination benefits offered under the Amended Plan are other post employment benefits as defined by ASC 712-10 - Compensation - Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits. Benefits under the Amended Plan vest or accumulate with the employee’s years of service; however, the payment of benefits is not probable and the Company does not have the ability to reliably estimate when there will be an involuntary termination without cause under the Amended Plan. Accordingly, the Company does not accrue a benefit obligation for severance costs under the Amended Plan over the duration of executive employment.
NOTE 15
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company maintains an equity incentive plan, the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective as of May 13, 2016 (the 2014 Omnibus Plan), to govern awards granted to Vectrus employees and directors, including nonqualified stock options (NQOs), restricted stock units (RSUs), total shareholder return (TSR) awards and other awards. We account for NQOs and stock-settled RSUs as equity-based compensation awards. TSR awards, described below, and cash-settled RSUs are accounted for as liability-based compensation awards.
The maximum number of shares of the Company's common stock authorized for issuance under the 2014 Omnibus Plan is 2.6 million shares. As of December 31, 2019, there were 1.0 million shares remaining available for future awards.
Stock-based compensation expense and the associated tax benefits impacting our Consolidated Statements of Income were as follows:
Liability-based awards are revalued at the end of each reporting period to reflect changes in fair value. The Company paid $0.8 million and $1.0 million related to liability-based compensation awards during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
At December 31, 2019, total unrecognized compensation costs related to equity-based awards and liability-based awards were $4.6 million and $3.7 million, respectively, which are expected to be recognized ratably over a weighted average period of 1.68 years and 1.79 years, respectively.
Non-Qualified Stock Options
NQOs vest in one-third increments on the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date and expire 10 years from the date of grant.
A summary of the status of our NQOs as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and changes during the years then ended is presented below:
The following table summarizes information about NQOs outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2019:
The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding table represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based on our closing stock price of $51.26 per share on December 31, 2019, which would have been received by the option holders if all option holders had exercised their options as of that date. There were no exercisable options "out of the money" as of December 31, 2019. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $2.1 million, $0.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2019, the total number of stock options expected to vest (including those that have already vested) was 0.1 million. These stock options have a weighted-average exercise price of $23.30 per share, an aggregate intrinsic value of $2.2 million and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 6.5 years.
The fair value of stock options is determined on the date of grant utilizing a Black-Scholes valuation model. No stock options were granted in 2019 or 2018. The following weighted-average assumptions were utilized in deriving the fair value for NQOs:
Black-Scholes model volatility is based on daily average volatility of our peer group over seven years, which is consistent with the expected term. Peer group companies were selected from companies within the aerospace and defense industry that most closely match our business, including size, diversification, and customer base. The expected term of the stock option represents the estimated period of time until exercise and is based on the vesting period of the award and the estimated exercise patterns of employees. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury stripped coupon rates with maturities corresponding to the expected term of 7 years, measured as of the grant date.
Restricted Stock Units
The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the closing price of Vectrus common stock on the date of the grant. In general, under the 2014 Omnibus Plan, for employee RSUs granted in 2014 and after, one-third of the award vests on each of the three anniversary dates following the grant date. Director RSUs are granted on the date of the annual meeting and vest the business day immediately prior to the next annual meeting. RSUs have no voting rights. If an employee leaves the Company prior to vesting, whether through resignation or termination for cause, the RSUs are forfeited. If an employee retires or is terminated by the Company other than for cause, all or a pro rata portion of the RSUs may vest.
The table below provides a roll-forward of outstanding RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.
The total grant date fair value of RSUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $4.1 million, $3.3 million and $4.5 million, respectively.
Total Shareholder Return Awards
TSR awards are performance-based cash awards that are subject to a three-year performance period. Any payments earned are made in cash following completion of the performance period according to the achievement of specified performance goals. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, we granted TSR awards with aggregate target TSR values of $2.5 million, $2.2 million, and $1.5 million, respectively. The fair value of TSR awards is measured quarterly and is based on the Company’s performance relative to the performance of the Aerospace and Defense Companies in the S&P 1500 Index. Depending on the Company’s performance during the three-year performance period, payments can range from 0% to 200% of the target value. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, we recorded $2.9 million, $0.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in compensation expense related to TSR awards. Payments of $1.6 million were made in January 2020 for the 2017 TSR awards, payments of $0.5 million were made in January 2019 for the 2016 TSR awards, and payments of $0.6 million were made in January 2018 for the 2015 TSR awards. Payments, if any, for the 2018 and 2019 TSR awards are expected to be made in January 2021 and January 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had $4.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively, recorded as a liability related to TSR awards in compensation and other employee benefits and other non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
NOTE 16
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
As of December 31, 2019, our authorized capital was comprised of 100.0 million shares of common stock and 10.0 million shares of preferred stock. At December 31, 2019, there were 11.5 million shares of common stock issued and outstanding. No preferred stock was issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
We issue shares of our common stock in connection with our 2014 Omnibus Plan. There are 2.6 million shares of common stock authorized under this plan. At December 31, 2019, we had a remaining balance of 1.0 million shares of common stock available for future grants under this plan. Any shares related to awards that terminate by expiration, forfeiture, cancellation, or otherwise without the issuance of shares, are settled in cash in lieu of shares or are exchanged with the Committee's permission for awards not involving shares and are available again for grant under the 2014 Omnibus Plan.
NOTE 17
AGREEMENTS WITH FORMER PARENT
Following the Spin-off, Vectrus and our Former Parent began operating independently of each other, and neither has any ownership interest in the other. In order to govern certain ongoing relationships between Vectrus and our Former Parent following the Spin-off and to provide mechanisms for an orderly transition, on September 27, 2014, Vectrus and our Former Parent executed various agreements that govern the ongoing relationships between the companies after the Spin-off and provide for the allocation of employee benefits, income taxes, and certain other liabilities and obligations attributable to periods prior to the Spin-off. The executed agreements include a Distribution Agreement, Employee Matters Agreement, Tax Matters Agreement, and Technology License Agreement.
NOTE 18
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
General
From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings that are incidental to the operation of our business. Some of these proceedings seek remedies relating to employment matters, matters in connection with our contracts and matters arising under laws relating to the protection of the environment. Additionally, U.S. government customers periodically advise the Company of claims and penalties concerning certain potential disallowed costs. When such findings are presented, Vectrus and the U.S. government representatives engage in discussions to enable Vectrus to evaluate the merits of these claims as well as to assess the amounts being claimed. Where appropriate, provisions are made to reflect probable losses related to the matters raised by the U.S. government representatives. Such assessments, along with any assessments regarding provisions for legal proceedings, are reviewed on a quarterly basis for sufficiency based on the most recent information available to us. We have estimated and accrued $12.1 million and $7.8 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, in other accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for legal proceedings and for claims with respect to our government contracts as discussed below, including years where the U.S. government has not completed its incurred cost audits. Although the ultimate outcome of any legal matter or claim cannot be predicted with certainty, based on present information, including our assessment of the merits of the particular claim, we do not expect that any asserted or unasserted legal or contractual claims or proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our cash flow, results of operations or financial condition.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time we are involved in legal proceedings that are incidental to the operation of our business. Some of these proceedings seek remedies relating to employment matters, matters in connection with our contracts and matters arising under laws relating to the protection of the environment.
As a result of final indirect rate negotiations between the U.S. government and our Former Parent, we may be subject to potential adjustments to costs previously allocated by our Former Parent to our business, which was formerly Exelis’ Mission Systems Business, from 2007 through September 2014. We have recently been in discussions with our Former Parent regarding the negotiated adjustments for 2007-2014 and believe that our potential cumulative liability for these years is insignificant. In June 2019, the U.S. government provided us with the Contracting Officer’s Final Decision (COFD) for the years 2007-2010 related to Former Parent costs. In August 2019, we filed an appeal of the COFD with the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA). In December 2019, the ASBCA extended the jointly requested stay of the proceedings through March 30, 2020 to enable ongoing discussions regarding the matter between Vectrus and our Former Parent. We believe we are fully indemnified under our Distribution Agreement with our Former Parent and have notified our Former Parent of our appeal of the U.S. government's decision in this matter. We believe the amount of indemnity required is insignificant.
Although the ultimate outcome of any legal matter cannot be predicted with certainty, based on present information, including our assessment of the merits of the particular claim, we do not expect that any asserted or unasserted legal claims or proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our cash flow, results of operations or financial condition.
U.S. Government Contracts, Investigations and Claims
We have U.S. government contracts that are funded incrementally on a year-to-year basis. Changes in government policies, priorities or funding levels through agency or program budget reductions by the U.S. Congress or executive agencies could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Furthermore, our contracts with the U.S. government may be terminated or suspended by the U.S. government at any time, with or without cause. Such contract suspensions or terminations could result in unreimbursable expenses or charges or otherwise adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Departments and agencies of the U.S. government have the authority to investigate various transactions and operations of the Company, and the results of such investigations may lead to administrative, civil or criminal proceedings, the ultimate outcome of which could be fines, penalties, repayments or compensatory or treble damages. U.S. government regulations provide that certain findings against a contractor may lead to suspension or debarment from future U.S. government contracts or the loss of export privileges for a company or an operating division or subdivision. Suspension or debarment could have a material adverse effect on the Company because of its reliance on U.S. government contracts.
U.S. government agencies, including the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA), the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) and others, routinely audit and review our performance on government contracts, indirect rates and pricing practices, and compliance with applicable contracting and procurement laws, regulations and standards. Accordingly, costs billed or billable to U.S. government customers are subject to potential adjustment upon audit by such agencies. The U.S. government agencies also review the adequacy of our compliance with government standards for our business systems, including our accounting, earned value management, estimating, materials management and accounting, purchasing, and property management systems.
NOTE 19
SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
The following table comprises selected financial data for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
VECTRUS, INC.
/s/ William B. Noon
By: William B. Noon
Corporate Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: March 3, 2020
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and the dates indicated.