Item 1.
Business
Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, the terms “Paycom,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to Paycom Software, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Overview
We are a leading provider of a comprehensive, cloud-based HCM software solution delivered as SaaS. We provide functionality and data analytics that businesses need to manage the complete employment life cycle from recruitment to retirement. Our solution requires virtually no customization and is based on a core system of record maintained in a single database for all HCM functions, including talent acquisition, time and labor management, payroll, talent management and human resources (“HR”) management applications. Our user-friendly software allows for easy adoption of our solution by employees, enabling self-management of their HCM activities in the cloud, which reduces the administrative burden on employers and increases employee productivity.
Organizations need sophisticated, flexible and intuitive applications that can quickly adapt to their evolving HCM requirements, streamline their HR processes and systems and enable them to control costs. We believe that the HCM needs of most organizations are currently served either by multiple providers that partner in an attempt to replicate a comprehensive SaaS product or by legacy providers offering outdated on-premise products. These approaches often result in challenges with system integration, low scalability, high costs, extended delivery times and large up-front capital requirements.
Because our solution was developed in-house and is based on a single platform, there is no need to integrate, update or access multiple databases, which are common issues with competitor offerings that use multiple third-party systems in order to link together their HCM offerings. Additionally, our solution maintains data integrity for accurate, actionable and real-time analytics and business intelligence and helps clients minimize the risk of compliance errors due to inaccurate or missing information. We deliver feature-rich applications while maintaining excellence in information security and quality management standards as evidenced by our International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”) certifications.
We sell our solution directly through our internally trained, client-focused and highly skilled sales force based in offices across the United States. As a part of our client retention effort, a specialist within a dedicated team is assigned to each client to provide industry-leading, personalized service. We have over 17,800 clients, none of which constituted more than one-half of one percent of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016. We believe that as a result of our focus on client retention, we enjoy high client satisfaction as evidenced by an annual revenue retention rate of 91% from existing clients for each of the three years ended
December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. We believe our revenue retention rate understates our client loyalty because this rate also includes former clients that were acquired or otherwise ceased operations.
We were founded in 1998. Since our founding, we have focused on providing an innovative SaaS HCM solution. As of December 31, 2016, we had 2,075 employees across the United States. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, our revenues were $329.1 million, $224.7 million and $150.9 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth in revenues of approximately 47% and 49%, respectively. We currently derive the majority of our revenues from payroll processing. We are able to determine revenues from payroll processing because all of our clients are required to utilize our payroll application in order to access our other applications. We generally do not separately track our revenues across our other applications because we often sell applications in various groupings and configurations for a single price. We realized net income of $43.8 million, $20.9 million and $5.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
According to the International Data Corporation (“IDC”), the U.S. market for HCM applications is comprised of software that automates business processes covering the entire span of an employee’s relationship with his or her employer. IDC estimates that the U.S. market for HCM applications (excluding payroll services and expense management) will total $8.8 billion in 2017. These applications include maintenance of HR records, recruiting applications, performance management, time and labor management tracking, compliance, compensation management and other HR functions. According to IDC, the U.S. market for payroll services will be an estimated $17.7 billion in 2017. The payroll services market includes transactional activities associated with paying employees, maintaining accounting records and administrating payroll taxes while payroll accounting applications offer the functionality to effectively track these various payments and transfers.
The Paycom Solution
We offer an end-to-end SaaS HCM solution that provides our clients and their employees with immediate access to accurate and secure information and analytics at any time from any location. We believe that our solution delivers the following benefits:
Comprehensive HCM Solution
Our solution offers functionality that manages the entire employment life cycle for employers and employees, from recruitment to retirement. Our user-friendly applications streamline client processes and provide clients and their employees with the ability to directly access and manage administrative processes, including applications that identify candidates, on-board employees, manage time and labor, administer payroll deductions and benefits, manage performance, terminate employees and administer post-termination health benefits such as COBRA. The widespread employee usage of our applications helps further integrate our solution into the administrative processes of our clients. Our solution also has the advantage of being built in-house by our highly trained and skilled team of software developers, thereby minimizing data integrity issues across applications.
Core System of Record
Our solution is based on a core system of record that contains payroll and HR information in one convenient database, thereby reducing costs and eliminating the need for multiple software products and vendors and the maintenance of employee data in numerous databases. This core system of record enables our clients to input employee data one time and enjoy seamless functionality across our applications. When a revision is made to the file of an employee, all appropriate personnel have access to the change in real time. In addition, our core system of record helps clients minimize the risk of compliance errors due to inaccurate or missing information that results from maintaining multiple databases. Through accurate tracking and management of employee payroll and other HR data, such information can be compiled for comprehensive and consistent reporting for our clients.
Data Analytics
Our solution allows clients to analyze accurate employee information to make business decisions based upon actionable, real-time, point-and-click analytics provided through our client dashboard. This functionality helps our clients operate with a more complete and accurate picture of their organization, as our solution’s embedded analytics capture the content and context of everyday business events, facilitating fast and informed decision-making from any location.
Enhanced Employee Experience
The employees of our clients also benefit from our HCM applications. As workforces transition from technology-savvy to technology-dependent, employees expect mobile technology and the resources necessary to readily access information and control their professional development. Through our employee self-service portal, employees can view real-time HR information, including pay stubs, W-2s and benefits information, as well as manage their schedules and vacation time and update W-4 contact information. Our system also allows employers to engage their workforce through learning management courses and training paths, surveys and performance goals and reviews.
Personalized Support Provided by Trained Personnel
Our applications are supported by one-on-one personal assistance from trained specialists. Service specialists are assigned to specific clients and are trained across all of our applications, ensuring they provide comprehensive, expert-level service. Our client service is ISO 9001:2008 certified on the basis of its quality and consistency. We strive to provide our clients with high levels of service and support to ensure their continued use of our solution for all of their HCM needs. We have maintained high client satisfaction, as evidenced by an annual revenue retention rate of 91% from existing clients for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Software-as-a-Service Delivery Model
Our SaaS delivery model allows clients with geographically dispersed and mobile workforces to operate more efficiently, and allows these clients to implement, access and use our client-oriented Internet solution on demand and remotely through standard web browsers, smart phones, tablets and other web-enabled devices. Our SaaS solution reduces the time, risk, headcount and costs associated with installing and maintaining applications for on-premise products within the information technology (“IT”) infrastructure of our clients.
Secure Cloud-Based Architecture
Our cloud-based architecture allows our solution to be implemented remotely with minimal client interaction. Updates such as software enhancements and newly developed applications can be deployed without client interaction, disruption or involvement, allowing our clients to make a smaller investment in hardware, personnel, implementation time and consulting. Additionally, we own and maintain all of the infrastructure technology to host our solution and to maximize system availability for clients. Our focus and investment in technology and data security has been recognized with ISO/IEC 27001:2013 certified security standards that provide our clients with a “best-in-class” level of data security.
Scalability to Grow with our Clients
Our solution is highly scalable. We serve a diversified client base ranging in size from one to over 8,000 employees. We calculate the number of clients’ employees based on parent company grouping. Our clients are able to use the same solution while their businesses grow by deploying applications as-needed in real-time. Pricing is determined by employee headcount and the number of applications utilized, enabling our clients to align HCM spending with their evolving HCM needs as compared to traditional HCM products that require clients to migrate to new software as they grow but retain fixed costs even if the client shrinks in size.
Efficient and Productive Research and Development
We believe that we benefit from a competitive advantage with our research and development investments, people and processes. Early investments in our proprietary, cloud-based architecture enable us to develop and deploy applications in a timely and cost-effective manner. We have also chosen to base our research and development team in Oklahoma and Texas, which we believe provides us with high-quality talent at a lower cost compared to other locations in the United States where there is more competition for technology talent. These strategic decisions have enabled us to have a highly productive research and development function while our research and development expenses grew 143%, 99% and 102% from the comparable year period, for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Our Strategy for Growth
Our strategy is to continue to establish our solution as the HCM industry standard. To accomplish this, we intend to:
Increase Our Presence in Existing Markets
We believe a significant market opportunity exists to increase our presence within markets where we currently have a sales office. Each sales office is typically staffed with one sales team, with each team comprised of a sales manager and approximately six to eight other sales professionals. Although we have a sales office in 32 of the 50 largest metropolitan statistical areas (“MSAs”) in the United States based on July 2015 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, only five of these MSAs are currently served by multiple Paycom sales teams. In addition to expanding into new markets, we plan to further penetrate and more effectively capture existing markets by adding sales offices and increasing the number of sales teams in such markets. Since our initial public offering (“IPO”) in April 2014, we have expanded our presence within three MSAs that were already served by at least one Paycom sales team by opening new sales offices in Brooklyn, Chicago and Pasadena.
Expand Into Additional Markets
We plan to continue expanding our sales capability by opening sales offices in certain metropolitan areas where we currently have no sales teams. Since our IPO in April 2014, we have expanded into eight new markets by opening new sales offices in Cincinnati, Cleveland, Kansas City, Nashville, Pittsburgh, Sacramento, San Antonio, and Stamford. We intend to open 10 to 14 additional sales offices over the next two years, as well as potentially expand over the longer term into international markets.
We have historically selected new locations based on potential client and employee demographics as well as business density. Our property management team handles the non-personnel aspects of new office openings, from securing an office lease through establishing information security infrastructure and procedures for the prospective office location. When opening a new sales office, we typically relocate a proven sales manager from an existing territory who then recruits a team of high performing sales representatives. It typically takes a new sales office 24 months to reach maturity.
Enlarge our Existing Client Relationships
We dedicate our resources to helping our clients facilitate their goals, whether through helping them execute better hiring decisions, manage compensation more effectively or simply operate more efficiently. We believe a significant growth opportunity exists in selling additional applications to our current clients. Many clients have subsequently deployed additional applications as they recognize the benefits of our comprehensive solution. As we extend and enhance the functionality of our solution, we will continue to invest in initiatives to increase the adoption of our solution and maintain our high levels of client satisfaction.
Target Larger Clients
The average size of our clients has grown significantly as we have organically grown our operations and increased the number of applications we offer. Based on our total revenues, we have grown at an approximately 44% CAGR from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2016. Our solution requires no adjustment to serve larger clients. We believe larger employers represent a substantial opportunity to increase the number of clients and to increase our revenues per client, with limited incremental cost to us. To further capitalize on this opportunity, we intend to target larger businesses opportunistically where our current sales model is effective.
Maintain Our Leadership in Innovation by Strengthening and Extending our Solution
Our ability to develop and deploy new applications and updates rapidly and cost-effectively has been integral to the results that we have achieved to date. We intend to continue extending the functionality and range of our solution in the future. Our development efforts are performed exclusively in-house and are heavily based upon proactive research and client input. We are focusing our investments on the development of new applications and enhancements that are responsive to the needs of our clients, which are garnered through ongoing client interaction and collaboration.
Our Applications
Our HCM solution offers a full suite of applications that generally fall within the following categories: talent acquisition, time and labor management, payroll, talent management and HR management.
Talent Acquisition
Applicant Tracking. Our applicant tracking application simplifies the recruiting processes needed to hire the most qualified employees. By using our all-in-one system, our clients can move candidates from the application process through new employee on-boarding without re-keying data.
Candidate Tracker. Our candidate tracker application enables recruiters to track and stay connected to potential talent through an online database of top candidates. This application helps clients fill future positions faster without the cost of professional recruiting firms.
Background Checks. Our background check application helps to ensure that prospective new hires are qualified candidates. We provide clients with the tools for authorizing background checks, creating pre-adverse and adverse action letters and securely store results as required by the Fair Credit Reporting Act.
On-Boarding. Our on-boarding application streamlines the hiring and termination processes for employees of our clients by creating online checklists of tasks to be assigned to an employee or group of employees.
E-Verify ®. Our E-Verify ® application automates employment verification and reduces our clients’ exposure to audits and penalties that could result from I-9 violations.
Tax Credit Services. Our tax credit services application helps employers process and calculate the available federal tax credits associated with hiring employees who meet various qualifications.
Time and Labor Management
Time and Attendance. Our time and attendance application allows our clients to accurately and efficiently manage when, where and how employees report their hours worked. Clients can apply customized rules, use batch editing and use timecard management tools to manage complex time and attendance needs. Our Web Time Clock feature allows employees to clock in and out online, which automatically updates the payroll application when approved, eliminating the need to manually calculate timesheets and re-key information into payroll systems. We also offer several different types of hardware that are ideal for single or multi-terminal environments.
Scheduling/Schedule Exchange. Our scheduling application helps managers with employee scheduling through automated functionality that provides for a seamless workflow with the payroll and time and attendance applications. Our schedule exchange application allows employees and managers access to their schedules at any time and employees can approve, decline or swap their schedules and see what shifts are available for pickup.
Time-Off Requests. Our time-off requests application automates and standardizes the time-off request procedure and helps employers remain effectively staffed. Managers can view an online time-off calendar to easily monitor and approve or deny time-off requests. Our employee self-service tool allows employees to view the time-off they have available, submit requests and view blackout dates, the status of requests and any manager comments.
Labor Allocation. Our labor allocation application simplifies the process of setting up and tracking employee hours based on the job the employee is working.
Labor Management Reports/Push Reporting. Our labor management reports application provides clients with access to up-to-the-minute reports on the information they need to better manage their labor force, such as overtime and labor distribution. Our push reporting application also gives clients the ability to set up recurring reports and to schedule them to be run automatically and sent to users on a daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly or yearly basis.
Geofencing/Geotracking. Enhancing our time and attendance solution, Paycom’s geofencing and geotracking location-based technology assist our clients in managing the whereabouts of employees while on the job. Geofencing allows employers to establish geographical boundaries within which their employees are authorized to clock in and out when using our Web Time Clock on smartphones, tablets or other electronic devices. Once enabled, this time-theft-combatting tool supersedes IP address restrictions, meaning the system first checks for authorized geographical locations, rather than authorized IP addresses. In addition, the geotracking tool empowers clients to track employees’ geographical locations upon clocking in and out. The coordinates collected by the application can be entered into and viewed on a Google® display map.
Payroll
Payroll and Tax Management. Our payroll application is the foundation of our solution and all of our clients are required to utilize this application in order to access our other applications. Our payroll application is automatically updated with changes in employee information and offers other time saving functionality such as batch editing and effective dating. The application can be accessed at any time to make changes, run payroll and generate custom reports. We also help our clients by handling their payroll taxes and deposits, regulatory correspondence, amendments, and penalty and interest disputes.
Paycom Pay. Our Paycom Pay application eliminates the tedious job of check reconciliation by issuing checks to our clients’ employees that clear from a Paycom bank account, which helps clients eliminate potential liability and simplifies the reconciliation process.
Expense Management. Our expense management application eliminates the manual, paper-based processes associated with employee expense reimbursement and allows employers to control and monitor expenses by setting clearly defined rules and parameters for employee reimbursement. Employees can upload receipts when submitting their expenses and access an expense dashboard where they can view the status of their submitted expenses.
Garnishment Management. Our garnishment management application allows clients to handle communications with garnishment payees and agencies and to calculate and track garnishment payments.
GL Concierge. Our GL Concierge application offers organizations more control and transparency into their payroll general ledger and gives finance professionals intuitive reporting, enriched audit trails, customizable file layouts and real-time alerts. Clients of all sizes can utilize a wide variety of general ledger maps along with an action-item alert system that improves the dynamics of their daily operations.
Talent Management
Employee Self-Service. Our employee self-service application improves employee engagement by empowering employees to self-manage certain transactions, obtain quick answers to frequent payroll and HR questions, access their pay history and view performance goals and reviews and total compensation reports to review their compensation and benefits package. Benefits information and paid time-off accruals also give employees the ability to make informed decisions regarding their benefit selections and time-off requests.
Compensation Budgeting. Our compensation budgeting application provides compensation and performance information in one system, providing clients valuable workforce insight to help manage and formulate salary budgets and establish merit-based compensation increases.
Performance Management. Our performance management application allows employees to set standardized pay grades and performance goals for positions across an organization. It also helps streamline the performance review process with online facilitation of the review process.
Executive Dashboard. Our executive dashboard offers powerful workforce insight for executives to access information on demand in a variety of report formats. Because we offer an all-in-one solution in a single database, the comprehensive report data provides the workforce intelligence needed to drive human capital decisions at an executive level.
Paycom Learning. Our learning management application formalizes and standardizes our clients’ training processes. Employers can create customized content utilizing videos, presentations, quizzes and surveys. It provides employees with “anytime, anywhere” access to a central knowledge base where the employee can access content, share expertise and measure his or her professional development progress. Our clients can track the activity and success of their training programs with pre-defined reports and an analytics dashboard.
HR Management
Document and Task Management. Our document and task management application is designed to manage employee files and allows employees to digitally sign and view company documents. We securely store client records to meet retention requirements and protect documents from unauthorized access and other disasters that can threaten businesses. In addition, clients can assign checklists to employees for the completion of certain tasks associated with processes such as on-boarding and off-boarding.
Government and Compliance. Our government and compliance application helps clients reduce exposure to violations, audits and penalties with respect to the employment laws impacting their business, such as the Family Medical Leave Act, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and other state and federal regulations. A single database keeps our clients’ employee data consistent and enhances reporting capabilities by providing better accuracy and real-time insight.
Benefits Administration/Benefits to Carrier. Our benefits administration application allows clients to customize benefit plan setup, deduction amounts, enrollment dates and new-hire waiting periods. Employers are provided census and reconciliation reports to ensure they do not overpay for benefits. Employers can also update deduction amounts for all employees or groups of employees at once and automatically updates all insurance carriers for any changes. This application also provides employees with online enrollment and helps educate them and drive informed enrollment decisions for greater employee satisfaction.
COBRA Administration. Our COBRA administration application protects employers from COBRA violations and the associated fines and penalties by automatically initiating compliance measures upon entry of qualifying events into the application. This application also tracks important dates, collects and remits premiums and reports on all COBRA activity.
Personnel Action Forms. Our personnel action forms application helps our clients reduce the amount of time and paperwork required with employee changes such as pay rate, position and title changes by allowing managers to complete and approve online personnel action forms.
Surveys. Our surveys application allows clients to create employee surveys to help identify and resolve workplace matters that otherwise may remain undisclosed. Clients can analyze results by the demographics of the workforce and compare how results change over time.
Enhanced ACA. Our Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) application provides clients with access to a dashboard that tracks employee count, employee status, health care plan affordability and ACA periods all from one convenient location and enables Paycom to file IRS Forms 1094/1095-B or -C. Clients utilizing this application also have access to additional real-time compliance reports and alerts.
Our Clients
We serve a diverse client base in terms of size and industry. We have over 17,800 clients, or approximately 10,000 clients based on parent company grouping, none of which constituted more than one-half of one percent of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016. We stored data for more than 2.7 million persons employed by our clients during the year ended December 31, 2016.
Many small to mid-sized companies can typically make the decision to adopt our solution more quickly than larger companies, which we believe results in a shorter sales cycle and more closely corresponds to our target sales cycle of 30 to 90 days. As a result of the nature and size of our clientele, we maintain a diversified client base and very low revenue concentration among our clients. We believe, however, that larger employers represent a substantial opportunity to increase the number of clients and to increase our revenues per client with limited incremental cost. As we attract clients at the higher end of our target client size range, we may face longer sales cycles and less predictability in completing some of our sales.
Competition
The market for HCM solutions is rapidly evolving, highly competitive and subject to changing technology, shifting client needs and frequent introduction of new products and services. Our competitors range from small, regional firms to large, well-established international firms with multiple product offerings.
We compete with firms that provide HCM solutions by various means. Many providers continue to deliver legacy enterprise software, but as demand for greater flexibility and access to information grows, we believe there will be increased competition in the
delivery of HCM cloud-based solutions by other SaaS providers. Our competitors offer HCM solutions that may overlap with one, several or all categories of applications offered by our solution. Our talent acquisition and talent management applications compete primarily with Cornerstone OnDemand, Inc., Oracle Corporation, SAP SE and Workday, Inc. Our payroll applications, including payroll processing, compete primarily with Automatic Data Processing, Inc. (“ADP”), Ceridian HCM, Inc. (“Ceridian”), Concur Technologies, Inc., Intuit Inc., Paychex, Inc., Paylocity Holding Corporation and The Ultimate Software Group, Inc. Our HR management applications compete primarily with ADP, Ceridian, Oracle Corporation, Paychex, Inc., Paylocity Holding Corporation, SAP SE, and Workday, Inc. Our time and labor management applications compete primarily with ADP, Ceridian, Kronos Incorporated, Paylocity Holding Corporation and The Ultimate Software Group, Inc. Our larger competitors compete with us across multiple segments. In addition, our HCM solution continues to face competition from in-house payroll and HR systems and departments as well as HR systems and software sold by third-party vendors.
Competition in the HCM solutions market is primarily based on service responsiveness, product quality and reputation, breadth of service and application offering and price. The importance of these factors depends on the size of the business. Price tends to be the most important factor of competition for smaller businesses with fewer employees, while the scope of features and customization is more important to larger businesses. Regardless of a company’s size, another important factor is the implementation experience, as all organizations are seeking a streamlined and simplified on-boarding process. We believe that our SaaS delivery model allows us to be most competitive in the HCM solutions market across this spectrum.
Sales and Marketing
We sell our solution exclusively through our captive sales force, substantially all of whom have a four-year college degree. We typically recruit sales candidates who have sales experience in non-HCM industries or, with respect to candidates recruited directly from colleges and universities, who have demonstrated an aptitude for sales. Our sales force is comprised of inside sales and field sales personnel, who are organized geographically, and client relations representatives (“CRRs”), who sell additional applications to existing clients. We have 42 sales teams located in 24 states and plan to open additional sales offices to further expand our presence in the U.S. market.
We provide our sales force with an intensive six-week training course that includes at least one week of training at our headquarters in Oklahoma City. Our unique training program includes instruction in accounting, business metrics, application features and tax matters relevant to our target market and we believe it fosters loyalty and helps maintain our corporate culture. Our training continues for our sales force through weekly in-office strategy sessions and leadership development training. Executive sales representatives are also required to attend in-person quarterly conferences to share best practices and receive legal and business updates.
When a new client processes payroll with us for an entire month, or an existing client purchases and then utilizes a new application for one month, our sales representative or CRR receives a one-time commission based upon an estimate of future annual revenues from such client. Executive sales representatives receive a higher commission rate and base salary based upon both current year and life-to-date realized sales, respectively.
We generate client leads, accelerate sales opportunities and build brand awareness through our marketing programs that target senior finance and HR executives, technology professionals and senior business leaders of companies that perform HCM functions in-house or outsource these functions to one of our competitors. Our marketing programs include:
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Direct mail campaigns, email campaigns, social and digital media, personalized URLs, industry-specific print advertising and tradeshow exhibiting;
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Search engine marketing methods that include site optimization and pay-per-click searches; and
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Webinars, white papers and infographics.
In addition to managing client relationships, our CRRs are focused on expanding the number of applications our clients purchase from us by introducing them to additional applications. Our CRRs call upon select clients periodically and are paid a non-recurring commission on any additional sales they generate.
Technology, Operations and Security
Technology
Our multi-tenant architecture enables us to deliver our solution across our client base with a single instance of our solution, while securely partitioning access to our clients’ respective application data. Because a single version of our solution is developed, supported and deployed across all of our clients, updates are delivered to all of our clients at the same time, making it easier to scale our solution as our number of clients and their respective employee headcounts increase.
We maintain diverse load-balanced Internet lines serviced by multiple networks to provide our clients continuous access to our solution and their stored data. We back up our client data at regular intervals utilizing live replication, snapshots and cold archive
methods of backup and manually monitor backup success and failure regularly. Our server cluster and database servers have redundant “hot swappable” disks to ensure continuous service in the event of a disk failure.
Operations
We physically host our solution for our clients in two secure data center facilities located in Oklahoma and Texas. All of our critical systems are fully redundant and backed-up in real-time to these facilities. Physical security includes ID-oriented access control, alarm systems and manned 24-hour-a-day camera monitoring by our security guards. Server facilities also have environmental monitoring and extensive environmental controls such as heat and fire protection, moisture, temperature, and humidity sensors, backup power supply and exterior reinforced concrete walls.
Security
We maintain a formal and comprehensive security program designed to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our clients’ data. During the regular course of business, we receive client data through our online system that we in turn process, record and store following ISO/IEC 270001:2013 certified controls and procedures. All communications with our servers that might contain sensitive information are encrypted before they leave the network and our servers are configured to only allow high-grade encryption algorithms.
We strictly regulate and limit all access to servers and networks at each of our facilities. Local network access is restricted by our authenticated server, using access control lists and remote network access is restricted by a firewall, which provides no accessible route from external networks to systems within our local network. We also employ network and host intrusion detection and prevention sensors throughout our infrastructure, systems that monitor and alert on insecure installations of third-party applications, a full system for managing and installing patches for those applications and highly restricted access to the Internet for anyone who has access to client data. Our information security department regularly performs penetration testing and we retain a third-party penetration testing company to conduct penetration tests and periodic audits to identify and remediate any issues.
Our applications are secured using multiple libraries and secure coding practices. Our IT infrastructure is secured and monitored using a number of best practices and tools at multiple layers of the physical and logical network. This security is also continually monitored by our information security department. All of our operations employees work in either our Oklahoma or Texas locations and, with the exception of certain IT personnel, are not permitted to work remotely.
Software Development
Our application development team works closely with our clients to enhance our existing application offerings and develop new applications. This process is led by experienced product managers who oversee the evolution of their respective applications within a focused timeframe of innovation and cultivation in order to deliver the well-developed applications and enhancements desired by our clients. Our product managers, many of whom are former HR executives or members from the competitive landscape, are proactive in their approach to assigning development requests based on research, trends and user feedback. A key element of our development process is the one-on-one personal interaction between clients and our CRRs, through whom our clients personally suggest new applications and features.
We develop our solution from the “ground up” with our internal development and engineering teams. Our development and engineering teams and our employees conceive new applications and enhancements, review requests, schedule development in order of priority and subsequently develop the applications or enhancements. Our new applications and enhancements are independently reviewed by the quality assurance team, in accordance with our software development process, before being fully implemented. Any enhancements to our applications are released on a monthly scheduled release date to coordinate the communication and release to our clients.
Capitalized software development expenses, which include compensation for employees directly associated with development projects, were $8.8 million, $4.3 million and $2.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Client Service
We are committed to providing industry-leading, client-centered service. For this reason, we assign each client a specialist within a dedicated team. This one-on-one service is a key part of our client service model and helps to ensure that we are delivering an industry-leading solution and maintaining high client satisfaction. The primary elements of our client service model include the following:
Streamlined Setup and On-Boarding
After electing to deploy our solution, a new client begins our on-boarding process with assistance from a team of new client setup specialists and the sales professional responsible for obtaining the client’s business. In addition, we also have a team of transition specialists whose job it is to ensure that the process is performed smoothly, data is collected properly and all relevant employees are fully trained on the system. This team works closely with the client until the client is capable of managing our solution
independently, at which time responsibility for the client relationship is transferred to our dedicated CRRs. Unlike certain of our competitors, we do not outsource any of our on-boarding efforts.
Dedicated Service Specialists
After completing the on-boarding process, each client is assigned to a services specialist within a dedicated team. Clients can then contact their dedicated services specialist or a team member if any issues or questions arise. These specialists provide personalized service with actual knowledge of the clients’ business needs. When appropriate, client questions can be elevated to the specialists with the appropriate application, regulatory or tax expertise. In addition, our CRRs proactively contact our clients to ensure satisfaction with our solution and introduce additional applications.
Expert Level Service
Our client specialists are trained across all of our applications to ensure that they can provide comprehensive, expert-level service. Our client service is ISO 9001:2008 certified and helps support a high client retention rate.
Regulatory and Certifications
We are subject to varying degrees of regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we provide services. Local laws and regulations, and their interpretation and enforcement, differ significantly among those jurisdictions. These regulations and laws cover, among others, information disclosure.
Personal privacy has become a significant issue in the United States and in other countries. The regulatory framework for privacy issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Many federal, state and foreign government bodies and agencies have adopted or are considering adopting laws and regulations affecting or regarding the collection, use and disclosure of personal information. In the United States, these include, for example, rules and regulations promulgated under the authority of the Federal Trade Commission, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, the ACA and state breach notification laws.
We voluntarily obtain third-party security examinations relating to security and data privacy in accordance with Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements (“SSAE”), No. 16, Reporting on Controls at a Service Organization. Our SSAE examination is conducted every six months by one of the four largest independent international auditing firms, and addresses, among other areas, our physical and environmental safeguards for production data centers, data availability and integrity procedures, change management procedures and logical security procedures.
In October 2016, we renewed a certification based on ISO/IEC 27001:2013 criteria, a security standard for Information Security Management Systems published by ISO covering our production, quality assurance and implementation environments. This independent assessment of our conformity to the ISO 27001 standard includes assessing security risks, designing and implementing comprehensive security controls and adopting an information security management process to meet security needs on an ongoing basis. The certification is valid until December 2019, with continuing assessments taking place annually.
In March 2014, we renewed a certification based on ISO 9001:2008 criteria, a standard for the implementation of quality management processes published by ISO, covering our activities required to create and deliver our solution. This independent assessment of our conformity to the ISO 9001 standard includes assessing the design and implementation of quality objectives to meet delivery standards on an ongoing basis. The certification is valid until April 2017, with continuing assessments taking place annually.
Intellectual Property
We rely on a combination of copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to establish and protect our intellectual property rights. We also have a number of registered and unregistered trademarks and will continue to evaluate the registration of additional trademarks as appropriate. We do not have any patents or patent applications pending.
Seasonality
Our revenues are seasonal in nature. Recurring revenues include revenues relating to the annual processing of payroll forms, such as Form W-2 and Form 1099, and revenues from processing unscheduled payroll runs (such as bonuses) for our clients. Because payroll forms are typically processed in the first quarter of the year, first quarter revenues and margins are generally higher than in subsequent quarters. Further, we generated additional revenues in the first quarter of 2016 because, as a result of the enactment of the ACA, many clients were required to file Forms 1094 and 1095 prior to March 31, 2016. We anticipate that our revenues will continue to exhibit this seasonal pattern for so long as the ACA (or replacement legislation) includes employer reporting requirements. In addition, we often experience increased revenues during the fourth quarter due to unscheduled payroll runs for our clients that occur before the end of the year. Therefore, we expect the seasonality of our revenue cycle to decrease to the extent clients utilize more of our non-payroll applications.
Employees
Our ability to recruit and retain qualified employees is critical to our continued success. We invest heavily in our training and leadership development programs to encourage the development and promotion of our employees. As of December 31, 2016, we employed 2,075 people. None of our employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements.
Facilities
Our corporate headquarters is an approximately 250,000-square-foot campus located on over 30 acres of Company-owned property in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In addition to housing a fully redundant data center at our corporate headquarters, we operate another fully redundant data center at a leased property near Dallas, Texas. We also lease a disaster recovery site in downtown Oklahoma City.
We also lease offices in Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and Washington. We believe that these facilities are suitable for our current operations and upon the expiration of the terms of the leases we believe we could renew these leases or find suitable space elsewhere on acceptable terms.
Segment Information
We operate in a single operating segment and a single reporting segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision maker function (which is fulfilled by our chief executive officer) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our chief executive officer allocates resources and assesses performance based upon financial information at the consolidated level. Since we operate in one operating segment, all required financial segment information is presented in the consolidated financial statements.
Available Information
Our Internet address is www.paycom.com and our investor relations website is located at investors.paycom.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports can be found on our Investor Relations website, free of charge. These reports are also electronically filed with (or furnished to) the SEC. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K. The SEC maintains a public website, www.sec.gov, which includes information about and the filings of issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
Additionally, the information that we file with the SEC may be read at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549. Information about the SEC’s Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
Item 1A.
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
The risk factors noted in this section and other factors noted throughout this Form 10-K, including those risks identified in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” describe examples of risks, uncertainties and events that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual outcomes may vary materially from those included in this Form 10-K.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Our business depends substantially on our clients’ continued use of our applications, their purchases of additional applications from us and our ability to add new clients. Any decline in our clients’ continued use of our applications or purchases of additional applications could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
In order for us to maintain or improve our operating results, it is important that our current clients continue to use our applications and purchase additional applications from us, and that we add new clients. Our clients have no obligation to continue to use our applications, and may choose not to continue to use our applications at the same or higher level of service, if at all. In the past, some of our clients have elected not to continue to use our applications. Moreover, our clients generally have the right to cancel their agreements with us for any or no reason by providing 30 days’ prior written notice.
Our client retention rates may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including the level of client satisfaction with our applications, pricing, the prices of competing products or services, mergers and acquisitions affecting our client base, reduced hiring by our clients or reductions in our clients’ spending levels. If our clients do not continue to use our applications, renew on less favorable terms or fail to purchase additional applications, or if we fail to add new clients, our revenues may decline and our business, operating results or financial condition could be adversely affected.
If our security measures are breached, or unauthorized access to our clients’ or their employees’ sensitive data is otherwise obtained, our solution may not be perceived as being secure, clients may reduce the use of or stop using our solution, our ability to attract new clients may be harmed and we may incur significant liabilities.
Our solution involves the collection, storage and transmission of clients’ and their employees’ confidential and proprietary information, including personal or identifying information, as well as financial and payroll data. HCM software is increasingly being targeted in cyber-attacks, including computer viruses, worms, phishing attacks, malicious software programs and other information security breaches, which could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of our clients’ sensitive data or otherwise disrupt our clients’ or other third parties’ business operations. If cybercriminals are able to circumvent our security measures, or if we are unable to detect an intrusion into our systems and contain such intrusion in a reasonable amount of time, our clients’ sensitive data may be compromised.
Certain of our employees have access to sensitive information about our clients’ employees. While we conduct background checks of our employees and limit access to systems and data, it is possible that one or more of these individuals may circumvent these controls, resulting in a security breach.
Although we have security measures in place to protect client information and prevent data loss and other security breaches, these measures could be breached as a result of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently, we may not be able to anticipate these techniques and implement adequate preventative or protective measures. While we currently maintain a cyber liability insurance policy, cyber liability insurance may be inadequate or may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, our cyber liability insurance policy may not cover all claims made against us, and defending a suit, regardless of its merit, could be costly and divert management’s attention.
Any actual or perceived breach of our security could damage our reputation, cause existing clients to discontinue the use of our solution, prevent us from attracting new clients, or subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines or other actions or liabilities, which could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
Any interruption or failure of our data centers could impair our ability to effectively provide our solution and adversely affect our business.
We serve all of our clients from our two data centers located in Oklahoma and Texas. These locations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from severe weather, tornados, terrorist attacks, earthquakes, floods, fires, power loss, telecommunications failures, computer viruses or cyber-attacks. They are also subject to break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and other misconduct. Our solution depends on the continuing operation of our data centers and any damage to or failure of our data centers could result in interruptions in our services. Any interruption in our service, including adverse changes in service levels at our data centers, could damage our reputation and, consequently, our ability to attract new clients, cause our clients to terminate their use of our solution and
prevent us from gaining new or additional business from current clients, which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.
The market in which we participate is highly competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our business, operating results or financial condition could be adversely affected.
The market for HCM software is highly competitive, rapidly evolving and fragmented. We expect competition to intensify in the future with the introduction of new technologies and market entrants. Many of our current and potential competitors are larger and have greater brand name recognition, longer operating histories, more established relationships in the industry and significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. As a result, some of these competitors may be able to:
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adapt more rapidly to new or emerging technologies and changes in client requirements;
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develop superior products or services, gain greater market acceptance and expand their product and service offerings more efficiently or rapidly;
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bundle products and services that we may not offer or in a manner that provides our competitors with a price advantage;
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take advantage of acquisition and other opportunities for expansion more readily;
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maintain a lower cost basis;
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adopt more aggressive pricing policies and devote greater resources to the promotion, marketing and sales of their products and services; and
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devote greater resources to the research and development of their products and services.
Some of our principal competitors offer their products or services at a lower price, which has resulted in pricing pressures. Similarly, some competitors offer different billing terms, which has resulted in pressures on our billing terms. If we are unable to maintain our pricing levels and our billing terms, our operating results would be negatively impacted. In addition, pricing pressures and increased competition generally could result in reduced sales, reduced margins, losses or the failure of our solution to maintain widespread market acceptance, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
We compete with firms that provide HCM solutions by various means. Many providers continue to deliver legacy enterprise software, but as demand for greater flexibility and access to information grows, we believe there will be increased competition in the delivery of HCM cloud-based solutions by other SaaS providers. Our competitors offer HCM solutions that overlap with one, several or all categories of applications that we offer. Our talent acquisition and talent management applications compete primarily with Cornerstone OnDemand, Inc., Oracle Corporation, SAP SE and Workday, Inc. Our payroll applications, including payroll processing, compete primarily with ADP, Ceridian, Concur Technologies, Inc., Intuit Inc., Paychex, Inc., Paylocity Holding Corporation and The Ultimate Software Group, Inc. Our HR management applications compete primarily with ADP, Ceridian, Oracle Corporation, Paychex, Inc., Paylocity Holding Corporation, SAP SE, and Workday, Inc. Our time and labor management applications compete primarily with ADP, Ceridian, Kronos Incorporated, Paylocity Holding Corporation and The Ultimate Software Group, Inc. Most of our larger competitors compete with us across multiple application categories. In addition, our HCM solution continues to face competition from in-house payroll and HR systems and departments as well as HR systems and software sold by third-party vendors.
Competition in the HCM solutions market is primarily based on service responsiveness, application quality and reputation, breadth of service and product offering and price. Many of our competitors have established marketing relationships, access to larger client bases and major distribution agreements with consultants, software vendors and distributors. In addition, some competitors may offer software that addresses one or a limited number of HCM functions at a lower price point or with greater depth than our solution. Further, some potential clients, particularly large enterprises, may elect to develop their own internal solutions. If we are unable to compete effectively, our business, operating results or financial condition could be adversely affected.
We have historically derived a majority of our revenues from payroll processing and our efforts to increase the use of our other HCM applications may not be successful and may reduce our revenue growth rate.
To date, we have derived a majority of our revenues from payroll processing. Compared to payroll processing, our participation in certain other HCM applications markets is relatively new, and it is uncertain whether our revenues from other HCM applications will continue to grow. The uncertainty regarding the adoption of any new applications beyond our existing applications may make it difficult to evaluate our business. Our HCM solution may not achieve and sustain the high level of market acceptance that is critical for the continued success of our business. The failure to increase the use of our HCM applications and any new applications developed by us may reduce our revenue growth rate, which could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
Any significant disruption in our SaaS network infrastructure could harm our reputation and expose us to significant costs.
Our SaaS network infrastructure is a critical part of our business operations. Our clients access our solution through standard web browsers, smart phones, tablets and other web-enabled devices, and depend on us for fast and reliable access to our solution. In the future, we may experience disruptions in our computing and communications infrastructure. Factors that may cause such disruptions include:
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human error;
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security breaches;
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telecommunications failures or outages from third-party providers;
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computer viruses or cyber-attacks;
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acts of terrorism, sabotage or other intentional acts of vandalism;
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unforeseen interruption or damages;
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tornados, fires, earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters; and
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power loss.
If our SaaS network infrastructure or our clients’ ability to access our solution is interrupted, client and employee data from recent transactions may be permanently lost and we could be exposed to significant claims by clients, particularly if the access interruption is associated with problems in the timely delivery of funds due to employees. Any significant instances of system downtime could negatively affect our reputation and ability to retain clients and sell our solution, which would adversely impact our revenues.
We have also experienced significant growth in the number of clients and transactions and the amount of client and employee data that our network infrastructure supports. We seek to maintain sufficient excess capacity in our network infrastructure to meet the needs of all of our clients and their employees and to facilitate the rapid provision of new client deployments and the expansion of existing client deployments. Any errors, defects, disruptions or other performance problems with our network infrastructure could adversely affect our reputation and may result in lengthy interruptions in the availability of our solution. Any interruptions in the availability of our solution might reduce our revenues, cause us to issue refunds to clients or adversely affect our retention of existing clients, which could have a negative impact on our business or financial condition.
If our solution fails to perform properly, our reputation could be adversely affected and our market share could decline.
Our solution is inherently complex and may in the future contain, or develop, undetected defects or errors. Any defects in our applications could adversely affect our reputation, impair our ability to sell our applications in the future and result in significant costs to us. The costs incurred in correcting any application defects may be substantial and could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition. Any defects in functionality or that cause interruptions in the availability of our applications could result in:
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loss or delayed market acceptance and sales of our applications;
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termination of service agreements or loss of clients;
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credits or refunds to clients, including reimbursements for any fees or penalties assessed by regulatory agencies;
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breach of contract, breach of warranty or indemnification claims against us, which may result in litigation;
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diversion of development and service resources; and
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injury to our reputation.
Because of the large amount of data that we collect and manage, it is possible that hardware failures or errors in our systems could result in data loss or corruption, or cause the information that we collect to be incomplete or contain inaccuracies that our clients regard as significant. Our clients might assert claims against us in the future alleging that they suffered damages due to a defect, error, or other failure of our solution. Our errors and omissions insurance may be inadequate or may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, our policy may not cover all claims made against us, and defending a suit, regardless of its merit, could be costly and divert management’s attention. Any failures in the performance of our solution could harm our reputation and our ability to retain existing clients and attract new clients, which would have an adverse impact on our business, operating results or financial condition.
If we do not effectively expand and train our sales force and our support teams, we may be unable to add new clients and retain existing clients.
We need to continue to expand our sales force and support team members in order to grow our client base and increase our revenues. To continue to execute our growth strategy, we must also attract and retain qualified sales, marketing and operational personnel capable of supporting a larger and more diverse client base. Identifying and recruiting qualified personnel and training them in the use of our applications requires significant time, expense and attention and it can take a substantial amount of time before our sales representatives and support team members are fully-trained and productive. We may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals in the markets where we currently, or intend in the future to do business, and our recent hires and planned hires may not achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time or become as productive as we expect. If our expansion efforts are unsuccessful or do not generate a corresponding increase in revenues, our business, operating results or financial condition could be adversely affected.
Our business and operations are experiencing rapid growth and organizational change. If we fail to manage such growth and change effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of service or adequately address competitive challenges.
We have experienced, and may continue to experience, rapid growth in our headcount and operations, which has placed, and may continue to place, significant demands on our management, operational and financial resources. For example, our headcount has grown from 523 employees as of December 31, 2011 to 2,075 employees as of December 31, 2016, and we have expanded from 20 sales teams as of December 31, 2011 to 42 sales teams as of January 31, 2017. We have also experienced significant growth in the number of clients and transactions and the amount of client and employee data that our infrastructure supports. Finally, our organizational structure and recording systems and procedures are becoming more complex as we improve our operational, financial and management controls. Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to manage this growth and organizational change effectively. To manage the expected growth of our headcount and operations, we will need to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures. Our ability to add additional offices may be constrained by the willingness and availability of qualified personnel to staff and manage any new offices. The failure to effectively manage growth could result in difficulties or delays in obtaining clients, selling additional applications to our clients, declines in quality or client satisfaction of our applications, increases in costs, and difficulties in introducing new applications or other operational difficulties, any of which could adversely affect our business by impairing our ability to retain and attract clients or sell additional applications to our existing clients.
If we are not able to develop enhancements and new applications, keep pace with technological developments or respond to future disruptive technologies, we might not remain competitive and our business could be adversely affected.
Our continued success will depend on our ability to adapt and innovate. To attract new clients and increase revenues from existing clients, we need to enhance, add new features to and improve our existing applications and introduce new applications. The success of any enhancements or new features and applications depends on several factors, including timely completion, introduction and market acceptance. We may expend significant time and resources developing and pursuing sales of a particular enhancement or application that may not result in revenues in the anticipated time frame or at all, or may not result in revenue growth sufficient to offset increased expenses. Further, changing regulatory requirements may delay the development or introduction of enhancements or new applications or render certain of our applications obsolete. If we are unable to successfully develop enhancements, new features or new applications to meet client needs, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
In addition, because our applications are designed to operate on a variety of network, hardware and software platforms using Internet tools and protocols, we will need to continuously modify and enhance our applications to keep pace with changes in Internet-related hardware, software, communication, browser and database technologies. If we are unable to respond in a timely and cost-effective manner to these rapid technological developments, our current and future applications may become less marketable and less competitive or even obsolete.
Our success is also subject to the risk of future disruptive technologies. If new technologies emerge that are able to deliver HCM solutions at lower prices, more efficiently or more conveniently, such technologies could adversely impact our ability to compete.
The market for our solution among large companies may be limited if these companies demand customized features and functions that we do not offer.
Prospective clients, especially larger companies, may require customized features and functions unique to their business processes that we do not offer. In order to ensure we meet these requirements, we may devote a significant amount of support and services resources to larger prospective clients, increasing the cost and time required to complete sales with no guarantee that these prospective clients will adopt our solution. Further, we may not be successful in implementing any customized features or functions. If prospective clients require customized features or functions that we do not offer, or that would be difficult for them to deploy themselves, the market for our solution will be more limited and our business could be adversely affected.
We may encounter long sales cycles with larger prospective clients, which could adversely affect our operating results in a given period.
We believe larger employers represent a substantial opportunity to increase the number of clients we serve and to increase our revenues per client. To further capitalize on this opportunity, we intend to pursue larger businesses opportunistically within our target client size range where our current sales model is effective. As we target our sales efforts at larger clients, we will face longer sales cycles and less predictability in completing some of our sales. In the large enterprise market, the clients’ decision to use our applications may be an enterprise-wide decision and, therefore, these types of sales will require us to provide greater levels of education regarding the use and benefits of our applications. In addition, our target clients may prefer to purchase applications that are critical to their business from one of our larger, more established competitors. Our typical sales cycles are 30 to 90 days and we expect that our average sales cycle may gradually trend towards the higher end of this range as we pursue larger clients. Longer sales cycles could cause our operating and financial results to suffer in a given period.
Our business, operating results or financial condition could be adversely affected if our clients are not satisfied with our deployment or technical support services.
Our business depends on our ability to satisfy our clients, both with respect to our applications and the technical support provided to help clients use the applications that address the needs of their businesses. We use our in-house deployment personnel to implement and configure our solution and provide support to our clients. If a client is not satisfied with the quality of our solution or the applications delivered or the support provided, we could incur additional costs to address the situation, our profitability might be negatively affected, and the client’s dissatisfaction with our deployment service could damage our ability to sell additional applications to that client. In addition, our sales process is highly dependent on the reputation of our solution and applications and on positive recommendations from our existing clients. Any failure to maintain high-quality technical support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality technical support, could adversely affect our reputation, our ability to sell our applications to existing and prospective clients, and, as a result, our business, operating results or financial condition.
We are dependent on the continued service of our key executives and, if we fail to retain such key executives, our business could be adversely affected.
We believe that our success depends in part on the continued services of our senior management team, consisting of Chad Richison, Craig E. Boelte, Jeffrey D. York, William X. Kerber III and Stacey Pezold. Our business could be adversely affected if we fail to retain these key executives. Although the employment arrangements with each of our key executives contain non-competition restrictions, our business could nonetheless be adversely affected if a key executive leaves Paycom and attempts to compete with us. In addition, we have not purchased key person life insurance on any members of our senior management team.
If we are unable to attract and retain qualified personnel, including software developers and skilled IT specialists, our ability to develop new products and, in turn, increase our revenue and profitability could be adversely affected.
Because our future success is dependent on our ability to continue to enhance and introduce new applications, we are heavily dependent on our ability to attract and retain qualified software developers and IT personnel with the requisite education, background and industry experience. The software industry is characterized by a high level of employee mobility and aggressive recruiting among competitors. This competition for qualified personnel may be amplified by new immigration laws or policies that could limit software companies’ ability to recruit internationally. Although such changes in immigration laws or policies would not have a significant direct impact on our workforce, the ensuing increase in demand for software developers and IT personnel could impair our ability to attract or retain skilled employees and/or significantly increase our costs to do so. Further, the loss of the services of a significant number of our developers could be disruptive to our development efforts, which may adversely affect our business by causing us to lose clients, increase operating expenses or divert management’s attention to recruit replacements for the departed employees.
Our financial results may fluctuate due to many factors, some of which may be beyond our control.
Our results of operations, including the levels of our revenues, costs of revenues, administrative expenses, operating income, cash flow and deferred revenue, may vary significantly in the future and the results of any one period should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Fluctuations in our financial results may negatively impact the value of our common stock. Our financial results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, and as a result, may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. Factors that may cause our financial results to fluctuate from period to period include, without limitation:
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our ability to attract new clients or sell additional applications to our existing clients;
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the number of new clients and their employees, as compared to the number of existing clients and their employees in a particular period;
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the mix of clients between small, mid-sized and large organizations;
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the extent to which we retain existing clients and the expansion or contraction of our relationships with them;
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the mix of applications sold during a period;
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changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;
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seasonal factors affecting payroll processing, demand for our applications or potential clients’ purchasing decisions;
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the amount and timing of operating expenses, including those related to the maintenance and expansion of our business, operations and infrastructure;
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the timing and success of new applications introduced by us and the timing of expenses related to the development of new applications and technologies;
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the timing and success of current and new competitive products and services by our competitors;
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economic conditions affecting our clients, including their ability to outsource HCM solutions and hire employees;
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other changes in the competitive dynamics of our industry, including consolidation among competitors or clients;
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our ability to manage our existing business and future growth, including expenses related to our data centers and the expansion of such data centers and the addition of new offices;
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the effects and expenses of acquisition of third-party technologies or businesses and any potential future charges for impairment of goodwill resulting from those acquisitions;
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network outages or security breaches; and
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general economic, industry and market conditions.
Certain of our operating results and financial metrics may be difficult to predict as a result of seasonality.
We have historically experienced seasonality in our revenues because a significant portion of our recurring revenues relate to the annual processing of payroll forms such as Form W-2 and Form 1099 and, beginning in 2016, the annual processing and filing of ACA-related forms. Because these forms are typically processed in the first quarter of the year, first quarter revenues are generally higher than subsequent quarters. In addition, unscheduled payroll runs at the end of the year (such as bonuses) often result in increased revenues in the fourth quarter. We expect this seasonality to continue in the future, although the repeal or modification of the ACA could have an impact on the seasonality of our revenues. Nonetheless, the seasonal fluctuations in certain of our operating results and financial metrics may make such results and metrics difficult to predict.
If we fail to adequately protect our proprietary rights, our competitive advantage could be impaired and we may lose valuable assets, generate reduced revenues or incur costly litigation to protect our rights.
Our success is dependent in part upon our intellectual property. We rely on a combination of copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to establish and to protect our intellectual property rights. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate. We will not be able to protect our intellectual property if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy our applications and use information that we regard as proprietary to create products or services that compete with ours.
We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property. We have been involved in litigation in the past and litigation may be necessary in the future to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights and to protect our trade secrets. Such litigation could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. We may not be able to secure, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights or control access to, and the distribution of, our solution and proprietary information, which could affect our business.
If the SaaS market develops more slowly than we expect or declines, our growth may slow or stall, and our business could be adversely affected.
The SaaS market is not as mature as the market for on premise enterprise software, and it is uncertain whether SaaS will achieve and sustain high levels of demand and market acceptance. Our success depends not only on strong demand for HCM services in general, but also to a substantial extent on the widespread adoption of SaaS. Many companies have invested substantial personnel and financial resources to integrate traditional enterprise software into their businesses, and therefore may be reluctant or unwilling to migrate to SaaS. It is difficult to predict client adoption rates and demand for our solution, the future growth rate and size of the SaaS
market or the entry of competitive products. The expansion of the SaaS market depends on a number of factors, including the cost, performance and perceived value associated with SaaS, as well as the ability of SaaS providers to address security and privacy concerns. If other SaaS providers experience security incidents, loss of client data, disruptions in delivery or other problems, the market for SaaS applications as a whole, including our solution, may be negatively affected. If there is a reduction in demand for SaaS caused by a lack of client acceptance, technological challenges, weakening economic conditions, security or privacy concerns, competing technologies and products, decreases in corporate spending or otherwise, our growth may slow or stall, and our business could be adversely affected.
We may be sued by third parties for alleged infringement of their proprietary rights.
Considerable intellectual property development activity exists in our industry, and we expect that software developers will increasingly be subject to infringement claims as the number of applications and competitors grows and the functionality of applications in different industry segments overlaps. Our competitors, as well as a number of other entities and individuals, may own or claim to own intellectual property in technology areas relating to our solution or applications. In addition, we may increasingly be subject to trademark infringement claims as our presence grows in the marketplace. From time to time, third parties have asserted and may in the future assert that we are infringing on their intellectual property rights, and we may be found to be infringing upon such rights. A claim of infringement may also be made relating to technology that we acquire or license from third parties. However, we may be unaware of the intellectual property rights of others that may cover, or may be alleged to cover, some or all of our solution, applications or brands.
The outcome of litigation is inherently unpredictable and, as a result, any future litigation or claim of infringement could (i) cause us to enter into an unfavorable royalty or license agreement, pay ongoing royalties or require that we comply with other unfavorable terms, (ii) require us to discontinue the sale of our solution or applications, (iii) require us to indemnify our clients or third-party service providers or (iv) require us to expend additional development resources to redesign our solution or applications. Any of these outcomes could harm our business. Even if we were to prevail, any litigation regarding our intellectual property could be costly and time consuming and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business and operations.
We employ third-party licensed software for use in our applications and the inability to maintain these licenses or errors in the software we license could result in increased costs or reduced service levels, which could adversely affect our business.
Our applications incorporate certain third-party software obtained under licenses from other companies. We anticipate that we will continue to rely on such third-party software and development tools from third parties in the future. Although we believe that there are commercially reasonable alternatives to the third-party software we currently license, this may not always be the case, or it may be difficult or costly to replace. In addition, incorporating the software used in our applications with new third-party software may require significant work and substantial investment of our time and resources. Also, to the extent that our applications depend upon the successful operation of third-party software in conjunction with our software, any undetected errors or defects in this third-party software could prevent the deployment or impair the functionality of our applications, delay new application introductions, result in a failure of our applications and harm our reputation.
The use of open source software in our applications may expose us to additional risks and harm our intellectual property rights.
Some of our applications use software covered by open source licenses. From time to time, there have been claims challenging the ownership of open source software against companies that incorporate such software into their products or applications. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software. Litigation could be costly for us to defend, have a negative effect on our operating results and financial condition or require us to devote additional development resources to change our applications. In addition, if we were to combine our applications with open source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain of the open source licenses, be required to release the source code of our applications. If we inappropriately use open source software, we may be required to redesign our applications, discontinue the sale of our applications or take other remedial actions, which could adversely impact our business, operating results or financial condition.
We may not receive significant revenues from our current research and development activities for several years, if at all.
Developing SaaS-based applications is expensive and the investment in the development of these applications often involves a long-term return on our investment. We have made and expect to continue to make significant investments in research and development activities. Accelerated application introductions and short software life cycles require increased levels of research and development expenditures that could adversely affect our operating results if not offset by increased revenues. We believe that we must continue to dedicate a significant amount of resources to our research and development activities to maintain our competitive position. We may not receive significant revenues from these investments however, for several years, if at all.
The failure to develop our brand cost-effectively could have an adverse effect on our business.
We believe that developing and maintaining widespread awareness of our brand in a cost-effective manner is critical to achieving the widespread acceptance of our solution and is an important element in attracting new clients and retaining existing clients. Successful promotion of our brand depends largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts and on our ability to provide reliable and useful applications at competitive prices. Brand promotion activities may not yield increased revenues, and even if they
do, any increased revenues may not offset the expenses incurred in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand, or incur substantial expenses in an unsuccessful attempt to promote and maintain our brand, we may fail to attract enough new clients or retain our existing clients to the extent necessary to realize a sufficient return on our brand-building efforts, which could have an adverse effect on our business.
Our outstanding indebtedness is subject to certain operating and financial covenants that may restrict our business and financing activities and may adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to operate our business.
As of December 31, 2016, our indebtedness consisted of (i) a term note under the 2021 Consolidated Loan due to Kirkpatrick Bank (the “2021 Consolidated Loan”), with an outstanding principal balance of $25.0 million, and (ii) an 84-month term loan from Kirkpatrick Bank (the “2023 Term Loan”), with an outstanding principal balance of $4.9 million. In August 2016, we also entered into a construction loan with Kirkpatrick Bank, which is available to finance the ongoing construction of a fourth headquarters building and new parking garage (the “2016 Construction Loan”). As of December 31, 2016, we did not have any outstanding borrowings under the 2016 Construction Loan. Pursuant to the terms of both the 2021 Consolidated Loan and the 2023 Term Loan, we may not, subject to certain exceptions:
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create any mortgages or liens;
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make any loans, advances or extensions of credit to certain affiliates or enter into any other transaction with certain affiliates;
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lease any mortgaged property;
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make any distributions as long as an event of default exists;
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make any material change in methods of accounting;
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enter into any sale and leaseback arrangement;
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amend, modify, restate, cancel or terminate our organizational documents;
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sell, transfer or convey any mortgaged property; or
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incur funded outside debt.
To the extent we borrow under the 2016 Construction Loan, the foregoing covenants will also apply until all such amounts are repaid. In addition, under the 2021 Consolidated Loan, the 2023 Term Loan and the 2016 Construction Loan (collectively, the “Loan Agreements”), we are required to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) to fixed charges (defined as current maturities of long-term debt, interest expense, rent expense and distributions) of greater than 1.2 to 1.0, which is measured on a quarterly basis. The operating and financial covenants in the Loan Agreements, as well as any future financing agreements that we may enter into, may restrict our ability to finance our operations, engage in business activities or expand or fully pursue our business strategies. We may also be required to use a substantial portion of our cash flows to pay principal and interest on our debt, which would reduce the amount of money we have for operations, working capital, expansion, or other general corporate purposes.
Our ability to meet our expenses and debt obligations and comply with the operating and financial covenants may be affected by financial, business, economic, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. We may be unable to control many of these factors and comply with these covenants. A breach of any of the covenants under the Loan Agreements could result in an event of default, which could cause all of the outstanding indebtedness under the Loan Agreements to become immediately due and payable.
We may acquire other businesses, applications or technologies, which could divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and otherwise disrupt our operations and harm our operating results.
In the future, we may seek to acquire or invest in businesses, applications or technologies that we believe complement or expand our applications, enhance our technical capabilities or otherwise offer growth opportunities. The pursuit of potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur expenses in identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are ultimately consummated.
We do not have any experience in acquiring other businesses. If we acquire additional businesses, we may not be able to integrate the acquired personnel, operations and technologies successfully or to effectively manage the combined business following the acquisition. We also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from the acquired business due to a number of factors, including:
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the inability to integrate or benefit from acquired applications or services in a profitable manner;
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unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with the acquisition;
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the incurrence of acquisition-related costs;
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difficulty integrating the accounting systems, operations and personnel of the acquired business;
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difficulty and additional expenses associated with supporting legacy products and hosting infrastructure of the acquired business;
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difficulty converting the clients of the acquired business onto our solution, including disparities in the revenues, licensing, support or services of the acquired company;
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diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns;
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harm to our existing relationships with clients as a result of the acquisition;
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the potential loss of key employees;
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the use of resources that are needed in other parts of our business; and
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the use of substantial portions of our available cash to consummate the acquisition.
In addition, a significant portion of the purchase price of any companies we acquire may be allocated to acquired goodwill and other intangible assets, which must be assessed for impairment at least annually. In the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected returns, we may be required to take charges to our operating results based on this impairment assessment process, which could harm our results of operations. Acquisitions could also result in issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which would result in dilution to our stockholders.
Our growth depends in part on the success of our relationships with third parties.
We rely on third-party financial and accounting processing systems, as well as various financial institutions, to perform financial services in connection with our applications, such as providing automated clearing house (“ACH”), and wire transfers as part of our payroll and expense reimbursement services and to provide technology and content support, manufacture time clocks and process background checks. We anticipate that we will continue to depend on various third-party relationships in order to grow our business, provide technology and content support, manufacture time clocks and process background checks. Identifying, negotiating and documenting relationships with these third parties and integrating third-party content and technology requires significant time and resources. Our agreements with third parties typically are non-exclusive and do not prohibit them from working with our competitors. In addition, these third parties may not perform as expected under our agreements, and we may have disagreements or disputes with such third parties, which could negatively affect our brand and reputation. A global economic slowdown could also adversely affect the businesses of our third-party providers, particularly those financial institutions that process transactions through the ACH network, and it is possible that they may not be able to devote the resources we expect to our relationship.
If we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining our relationships with these third parties, our ability to compete in the marketplace or to grow our revenues could be impaired and our business, operating results or financial condition could be adversely affected. Even if we are successful, these relationships may not result in improved operating results.
Adverse economic conditions could affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
Our business depends on the overall demand for HCM applications and on the economic health of our current and prospective clients. If economic conditions in the United States or in global markets remain uncertain or deteriorate, clients may cease their operations, delay or reduce their spending on HCM and other outsourcing services or attempt to renegotiate their contracts with us. This could result in reductions in sales of our applications, longer sales cycles, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition. In addition, HCM spending levels may not increase following any recovery.
In addition, as part of our payroll and tax filing application, we collect and then remit client funds to taxing authorities and accounts designated by our clients. During the interval between receipt and disbursement, we may invest such funds in money market funds, demand deposit accounts, certificates of deposit and commercial paper. These investments are subject to general market, interest rate, credit and liquidity risks, and such risks may be exacerbated during periods of unusual financial market volatility. Any loss of or inability to access such funds could have an adverse impact on our cash position and results of operations and could require us to obtain additional sources of liquidity, which may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all.
If our goodwill or other intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.
We are required to test goodwill for impairment at least annually or earlier if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. As of December 31, 2016, we had recorded a total of $51.9 million of goodwill and $1.9 million of other intangible assets. An adverse change in domestic or global market conditions, particularly if such change has the effect of changing one of our critical assumptions or estimates made in connection with the impairment testing of goodwill or
intangible assets, could result in a change to the estimation of fair value that could result in an impairment charge to our goodwill or other intangible assets. Any such material charges may have a negative impact our operating results.
We typically pay employees and may pay taxing authorities amounts due for a payroll period before a client’s electronic funds transfers are finally settled to our account. If client payments are rejected by banking institutions or otherwise fail to clear into our accounts, we may require additional sources of short-term liquidity and our operating results could be adversely affected.
Our payroll processing application moves significant funds from the account of a client to employees and relevant taxing authorities. For larger funding amounts, we require clients to transfer the funds to us via fed wire. For smaller funding amounts, we debit a client’s account prior to any disbursement on its behalf, and due to ACH banking regulations, funds previously credited could be reversed under certain circumstances and time frames after our payment of amounts due to employees and taxing and other regulatory authorities. There is therefore a risk that the employer’s funds will be insufficient to cover the amounts we have already paid on its behalf. While such shortage and accompanying financial exposure has only occurred in very limited circumstances in the past, should clients default on their payment obligations in the future, we might be required to advance substantial funds to cover such obligations. In such an event, we may be required to seek additional sources of short-term liquidity, which may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all, and our operating results and our liquidity could be adversely affected and our banking relationships could be harmed.
Because our long-term success depends, in part, on our ability to expand the sales of our solution to clients located outside of the United States, our business will be subject to risks associated with international operations.
An element of our growth strategy is to expand our operations and client base. To date, we have not engaged in any operations outside of the United States. If we decide to expand our operations into international markets, it will require significant resources and management attention and will subject us to regulatory, economic and political risks that are different from those in the United States. Because of our lack of experience with international operations, we cannot ensure that our international expansion efforts will be successful, and the impact of such expansion efforts may adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
Risks Related to Legislation or Regulation
The modification or repeal of certain provisions of the ACA could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Beginning in 2016, we generate ACA-related revenues (i) on an annual basis in connection with processing and filing Forms 1094 and 1095 on behalf of clients and (ii) from clients who have purchased our Enhanced ACA application as part of the fixed, bundled price charged per billing period. On January 20, 2017, President Donald J. Trump issued an executive order stating that it is the policy of the new administration to seek the prompt repeal of the ACA. Many uncertainties exist regarding the immediate impact of this executive order as well as when and if the ACA will ultimately be modified or repealed. Nonetheless, the modification or repeal of certain provisions of the ACA could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. If the ACA is modified to eliminate the employer reporting requirements, or if the ACA is repealed and replaced with new legislation that does not include similar employer reporting requirements, we will no longer generate revenues in connection with processing and filing Forms 1094 and 1095 on behalf of clients. Further, uncertainty regarding the potential future modification, repeal or replacement of the ACA could adversely affect our ability to sell our Enhanced ACA application to new clients. We expect that as of March 1, 2017, we will have collected the majority of our anticipated revenues from processing and filing clients’ ACA-related forms for the 2016 fiscal year, and estimate that approximately 3% of our projected total revenues for the year ending December 31, 2017 would be eliminated if, as a result of a hypothetical repeal or modification of the ACA, we did not collect any additional ACA-related revenues after March 1, 2017.
Privacy concerns and laws or other domestic regulations may reduce the effectiveness of our applications.
Our applications require the storage and transmission of proprietary and confidential information of our clients and their employees, including personal or identifying information, as well as their financial and payroll data. Our applications are subject to various complex government laws and regulations on the federal, state and local levels, including those governing personal privacy, which has become a significant issue in the United States. The regulatory framework for privacy issues is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Many federal, state and foreign government bodies and agencies have adopted or are considering adopting laws and regulations regarding the collection, use and disclosure of personal information. In the United States, these include rules and regulations promulgated under the authority of the Federal Trade Commission, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, the Family Medical Leave Act of 1993, the ACA, federal and state labor and employment laws and state data breach notification laws. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could result in the imposition of consent orders or civil and criminal penalties, including fines, which could damage our reputation and have an adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
In addition to government regulation, privacy advocates and industry groups may propose new and different self-regulatory standards. Because the interpretation and application of privacy and data protection laws are still uncertain, it is possible that these
laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing data management practices or the features of our solution. Any failure to comply with government regulations that apply to our applications, including privacy and data protection laws, could subject us to liability. In addition to the possibility of fines, lawsuits and other claims, we could be required to fundamentally change our business activities and practices or modify our solution, which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition. Any inability to adequately address privacy concerns, even if unfounded, or comply with applicable privacy or data protection laws, regulations and policies, could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit sales and adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
Furthermore, privacy concerns may cause our clients’ employees to resist providing the personal data necessary to allow our clients and their employees to use our applications effectively. Even the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may inhibit market adoption of our applications in certain industries. All of these legislative and regulatory initiatives may adversely affect the ability of our clients to process, handle, store, use and transmit demographic and personal information from their employees, which could reduce demand for our applications.
Changes in laws, government regulations and policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Many of our applications are designed to assist our clients in complying with government regulations that continually change. Changes in laws, regulations or policies could affect the extent and type of benefits employers are required, or may choose, to provide employees or the amount and type of taxes employers and employees are required to pay. Such changes could reduce or eliminate the need for certain of our existing applications, which would result in decreased revenues. Further, we may spend time and money developing new applications and enhancements that, due to regulatory changes, become unnecessary prior to being released. The introduction of new regulatory or licensing requirements, or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, could also increase our cost of doing business, and changing regulatory requirements may make the introduction of new applications and enhancements more costly or more time-consuming than we currently anticipate, or prevent the introduction of new applications and enhancements by us altogether. In addition, any failure to educate and assist our clients with respect to new or revised legislation that impacts them could have an adverse effect on our reputation, and any failure to modify our applications or develop new applications in a timely fashion in response to regulatory changes could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Changes in laws and regulations related to the Internet or changes in the Internet infrastructure itself may diminish the demand for our applications, and could have a negative impact on our business.
The future success of our business depends upon the continued use of the Internet as a primary medium for commerce, communication and business. Federal, state and foreign government bodies or agencies have in the past adopted, and may in the future adopt, laws or regulations affecting the use of the Internet as a commercial medium. Changes in these laws or regulations could require us to modify our applications in order to comply with these changes. In addition, government agencies or private organizations may impose taxes, fees or other charges for accessing the Internet or commerce conducted via the Internet. These laws or charges could limit the growth of Internet-related commerce or communications generally, or result in reductions in the demand for Internet-based applications such as ours.
In addition, the use of the Internet as a means of conducting business could be adversely affected due to delays in the development or adoption of new standards and protocols to handle increased demands of Internet activity, security, reliability, cost, ease of use, accessibility, and quality of service. The performance of the Internet has been adversely affected by “viruses,” “worms” and similar malicious programs and the Internet has experienced a variety of outages and other delays as a result of damage to portions of its infrastructure. If the use of the Internet is adversely affected by these issues, demand for our applications could suffer, which could adversely affect our business.
If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our common stock may be negatively affected.
As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements. Management must evaluate and furnish a report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year, and our auditors must attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
If we have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. Compliance with the public company requirements has made some activities more time-consuming, costly and complicated. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and/or we could become subject to investigations by the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), the SEC, or other regulatory authorities and the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected.
Adverse tax laws or regulations could be enacted or existing laws could be applied to us or our clients, which could increase the costs of our solution and applications and could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
As a vendor of services, we are ordinarily held responsible by taxing authorities for collecting and paying any applicable sales or other similar taxes. Additionally, the application of federal, state and local tax laws to services provided electronically like ours is evolving. New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be enacted at any time (possibly with retroactive effect), and could be applied solely or disproportionately to services and applications provided over the Internet. These enactments could adversely affect our sales activity, due to the inherent cost increase the taxes would represent and ultimately could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
Each state has different rules and regulations governing sales and use taxes, and these rules and regulations are subject to varying interpretations that change over time. We review these rules and regulations periodically and, when we believe we are subject to sales and use taxes in a particular state, we may voluntarily engage state tax authorities in order to determine how to comply with that state’s rules and regulations. We cannot ensure that we will not be subject to sales and use taxes or related penalties for past sales in states where we currently believe no such taxes are required.
In addition, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us (possibly with retroactive effect), which could require us or our clients to pay additional tax amounts, as well as require us or our clients to pay fines or penalties and substantial interest for past amounts. If we are unsuccessful in collecting such taxes from our clients, we could be held liable for such costs, thereby adversely affecting our business, operating results or financial condition. Additionally, the imposition of such taxes on us would effectively increase the cost of our software and services we provide to clients and would likely have a negative impact on our ability to retain existing clients or to gain new clients in the jurisdictions in which such taxes are imposed.
Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Stock
Our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance.
From time-to-time, we have released, and may continue to release, guidance in our earnings conference calls, earnings releases, or otherwise, regarding our future performance, which represents our estimates as of the date of release. This guidance, which includes forward-looking statements, has been and will be based on projections prepared by our management. These projections are not prepared with a view toward compliance with published guidelines of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and neither our registered public accountants nor any other independent expert or outside party compiles or examines the projections. Accordingly, no such person expresses any opinion or any other form of assurance with respect to the projections.
Projections are based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while presented with numerical specificity, are inherently subject to significant business, economic, and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. Projections are also based upon specific assumptions with respect to future business decisions, some of which will change. The principal reason that we release guidance is to provide a basis for our management to discuss our business outlook with analysts and investors. We do not accept any responsibility for any projections or reports published by any third parties.
Guidance is necessarily speculative in nature, and it can be expected that some or all of the assumptions underlying the guidance furnished by us will vary significantly from actual results. Accordingly, our guidance is only an estimate of what management believes is realizable as of the date of release. Actual results may vary from our guidance and the variations may be material. In light of the foregoing, investors are urged not to rely upon our guidance in making an investment decision regarding our common stock.
Any failure to successfully implement our operating strategy or the occurrence of any of the events or circumstances set forth in this “Risk Factors” section in this Form 10-K could result in the actual operating results being different from our guidance, and the differences may be adverse and material.
The price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the current market price.
The market price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, volatile for the foreseeable future. If an active trading market for our common stock is not sustained, you may have difficulty selling any shares of our common stock that you purchased, and the value of such shares may be materially impaired. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
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our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;
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the overall performance of the equity markets;
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announcements by us or our competitors of new applications or enhancements, acquisitions, services, strategic alliances, commercial relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments;
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disruptions in our services due to hardware, software or network problems;
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recruitment or departure of key personnel;
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publication of unfavorable research reports about us or our industry or withdrawal of research coverage by securities analysts;
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trading activity by a limited number of stockholders who together beneficially own a majority of our outstanding common stock;
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the size of our public float;
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the economy as a whole, market conditions in our industry and the industries of our clients; and
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economic, legal and regulatory factors unrelated to our performance.
In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many technology companies. Stock prices of many technology companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class actions following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish misleading or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If no or few securities or industry analysts cover our company, the trading price for our common stock would be negatively impacted. If one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our stock or publishes incorrect or unfavorable research about our business, our common stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our common stock could decrease, which could cause our common stock price or trading volume to decline.
The issuance of additional stock in connection with acquisitions, our stock incentive plans, warrants or otherwise will dilute all other stockholders.
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to one hundred million shares of common stock and up to ten million shares of preferred stock with such rights and preferences as may be determined by our board of directors. Subject to compliance with applicable rules and regulations, we may issue all of these shares that are not already outstanding without any action or approval by our stockholders. We intend to continue to evaluate strategic acquisitions in the future. We may pay for such acquisitions, partly or in full, through the issuance of additional equity securities.
Any issuance of shares in connection with an acquisition, the exercise of stock options or warrants, the award of shares of restricted stock or otherwise would dilute the percentage ownership held by our existing stockholders.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may delay or prevent an acquisition of our company.
Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of us or changes in our management. These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management.
Any provision of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.
Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change.
Item 1B.
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2.
Item 2.
Properties
Our corporate headquarters is an approximately 250,000-square-foot campus located on over 30 acres of Company-owned property in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In addition to housing a fully redundant data center at our corporate headquarters, we operate another fully redundant data center at a leased property near Dallas, Texas. We also lease a disaster recovery site in downtown Oklahoma City.
We also lease offices in Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and Washington. We believe that these facilities are suitable for our current operations and upon the expiration of the terms of the leases we believe we could renew these leases or find suitable space elsewhere on acceptable terms.
Item 3.
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are involved in various disputes, claims, suits, investigations and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the resolution of current pending legal matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Nonetheless, we cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings, as legal matters are subject to inherent uncertainties, and there exists the possibility that the ultimate resolution of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 4.
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
PART II
Item 5.
Item 5.
Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Price Range of Common Stock
Our common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “PAYC.” The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low sale prices per share of our common stock as reported on the NYSE:
As of February 6, 2017, there were approximately 754 holders of record of our common stock. This number is based on the actual number of holders registered at such date and does not include holders whose shares are held in “street name” by brokers and other nominees.
Dividends
We did not pay any cash dividends on our common stock in 2016, 2015 or 2014. The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on shares of common stock will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors and we may reduce or discontinue entirely the payment of such dividends at any time. Our board of directors may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition and operating results, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions and implications of the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant. While there are no restrictions that currently apply under our existing loan agreements, such agreements prohibit the payment of dividends if an event of default exists. In addition, any financing arrangements that we enter into in the future may include restrictive covenants that limit our or our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends.
We are a holding company that has no material assets other than our ownership of all of the outstanding Series B Preferred Units of Paycom Payroll Holdings, LLC (“Holdings”) and the outstanding capital stock of WCAS Paycom Holdings, Inc. (“WCAS Holdings”) and WCAS CP IV Blocker, Inc. In the event that we decide to pay dividends in the future, we intend to cause Holdings to make distributions to us in an amount sufficient to cover cash dividends, if any, declared by us.
Performance Graph
Notwithstanding any statement to the contrary in any of our filings with the SEC, the following performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or “soliciting material” under the Exchange Act and shall not be incorporated by reference into any such filings irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
The following graph compares the total cumulative stockholder return on our common stock with the total cumulative return of the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 1500 Application Software Index during the period commencing on April 15, 2014, the initial trading day of our common stock, and ending on December 31, 2016. The graph assumes that $100 was invested at the beginning of the period in our common stock and in each of the comparative indices, and assumes the reinvestment of any dividends. Historical stock price performance should not be relied upon as an indication of future stock price performance.
Purchases of Equity Securities
The number of shares of common stock repurchased by us during the three months ended December 31, 2016 is set forth below:
(1)
Under a stock repurchase plan announced on May 26, 2016, we were authorized to purchase up to $50.0 million of our common stock prior to May 25, 2018. On February 8, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors amended and extended the stock repurchase plan, such that we are authorized to purchase up to an additional $50.0 million of our common stock. The stock repurchase plan will expire on January 23, 2019.
Item 6.
Item 6.Selected Financial Data
Our selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read together with Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, which are included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Selected consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 is that of Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries and WCAS Holdings.
(1)
Working capital (deficit) is defined as current assets, excluding restricted cash, less current liabilities, excluding the current portion of deferred revenue. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, our working capital includes the effects of the adoption of ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, requiring all deferred tax assets and liabilities to be classified as noncurrent on our consolidated balance sheets.
Item 7.
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements (prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”)) and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Form 10-K”). The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. See Part I “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks, and assumptions associated with those statements. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in or implied by forward- looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, particularly in the section entitled “Risk Factors.” Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to Paycom Software, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Overview
We are a leading provider of comprehensive, cloud-based human capital management (“HCM”) software delivered as Software-as-a-Service. We provide functionality and data analytics that businesses need to manage the complete employment life cycle from recruitment to retirement. Our solution requires virtually no customization and is based on a core system of record maintained in a single database for all HCM functions, including talent acquisition, time and labor management, payroll, talent management and human resources (“HR”) management applications. Our user-friendly software allows for easy adoption of our solution by employees, enabling self-management of their HCM activities in the cloud, which reduces the administrative burden on employers and increases employee productivity.
We serve a diverse client base in terms of size and industry. We have over 17,800 clients, none of which constituted more than one-half of one percent of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016. We stored data for more than 2.7 million persons employed by our clients during the year ended December 31, 2016.
Our revenues are primarily generated through our sales force that solicits new clients and our client relations representatives who sell additional applications to existing clients. We have 42 sales teams located in 24 states and plan to open additional sales offices to further expand our presence in the U.S. market. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we opened six new sales offices, with one new sales office located in each of Chicago, Cleveland, Pasadena, Sacramento, San Antonio and Stamford. Our continued growth depends on attracting new clients through further penetration of our existing markets, geographic expansion and the introduction of new applications to our existing client base. We also expect that changes in certain factors affecting our performance will correlate with improvement or deterioration in the labor market. Our principal marketing programs include email campaigns, social and digital media, search engine marketing methods and tradeshows.
During the last three years, we have developed several new applications. We believe our ability to continue to develop new applications and to improve existing applications will enable us to increase revenues in the future, and the number of our new applications adopted by our clients has been a significant factor in our revenue growth over the last three years.
Trends, Opportunities and Challenges
Our payroll application is the foundation of our solution and all of our clients are required to utilize this application in order to access our other applications. As a result of our evolving revenue mix as clients add more non-payroll applications, coupled with the unique client benefits that our solution provides (e.g., enabling our clients to scale the number of HCM applications that they use on an as-needed basis), we are presented with a variety of opportunities and challenges.
We generate revenues from (i) fixed amounts charged per billing period plus a fee per employee or transaction processed or (ii) fixed amounts charged per billing period. We do not require clients to enter into long-term contractual commitments with us. Our billing period varies by client based on when they pay their employees, which is either weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly or monthly.
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, our gross margins were approximately 84%, 84% and 82%, respectively. Although our gross margins may fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to seasonality and hiring trends, we expect that our gross margins will remain relatively consistent in future periods.
Growing our business has also resulted in, and will continue to result in, substantial investment in sales professionals, operating expenses, systems development and programming costs and general and administrative expenses, which has and will continue to increase our expenses. We intend to obtain new clients by (i) continuing to expand our presence in metropolitan areas where we currently have an existing sales office through adding sales teams or offices and increasing the number of our sales professionals and (ii) opening sales offices in new metropolitan areas. Our ability to increase revenues and improve operating results depends on our ability to add new clients.
The average size of our clients has grown significantly as we have organically grown our operations and increased the number of applications we offer. Based on our total revenues, we have grown at an approximately 44% CAGR from January 1, 2012 through
December 31, 2016. Because we charge our clients on a per employee basis for certain services we provide, any increase or decrease in the number of employees that our clients have will have a positive or negative impact, respectively, on our results of operations. Our solution requires no adjustment to serve larger clients. We believe larger employers represent a substantial opportunity to increase the number of potential clients and to increase our revenues per client, with limited incremental cost to us.
We believe the challenges of managing the ever-changing complexity of payroll and human resources will continue to drive companies to turn to outsourced providers for help with their HCM needs. The HCM industry historically has been driven, in part, by legislation and regulatory action, including COBRA, changes to the minimum wage laws or overtime rules, and legislation from federal, state or municipal taxation authorities. The implementation of the Affordable Care Act (the “ACA”) is the most recent example of legislation that has created demand in the HCM industry. We generate ACA-related revenues (i) on an annual basis in connection with processing and filing Forms 1094 and 1095 on behalf of clients and (ii) from clients who have purchased our Enhanced ACA application as part of the fixed, bundled price charged per billing period. While we generally do not track our revenues on an application-by-application basis (because applications are often sold in various groupings and configurations for a single price), we estimate that, if the ACA is not modified or repealed, revenues from our Enhanced ACA application and ACA forms filings business will represent approximately 5% of total projected revenues for the year ending December 31, 2017.
Throughout our history, we have built strong relationships with our clients. As the HCM needs of our clients evolve, we believe that we are well-positioned to gain additional share of the HCM spending of our clients, and we believe this opportunity is significant. To be successful, we must continue to demonstrate the operational and economic benefits of our solution, as well as effectively hire, train, motivate and retain qualified personnel.
Key Metrics
In addition to the U.S. GAAP and non-GAAP metrics discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-K, we also monitor the following metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance and identify trends affecting our business:
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Clients. When we calculate the number of clients at period end, we treat client accounts with separate taxpayer identification numbers as separate clients, which often separates client accounts that are affiliated with the same parent organization. We track the number of our clients to provide an accurate gauge of the size of our business. Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to clients throughout this Form 10-K refer to this metric.
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Clients (based on parent company grouping). When we calculate the number of clients based on parent company grouping at period end, we combine client accounts that have identified the same person(s) as their decision-maker regardless of whether the client accounts have separate taxpayer identification numbers, which often combines client accounts that are affiliated with the same parent organization. We track the number of our clients based on parent company grouping to provide an alternate measure of the size of our business and clients.
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Sales Teams. We monitor our sales professionals by the number of sales teams at period end. Each team consists of a sales manager and approximately six to eight sales professionals. Certain larger metropolitan areas can support more than one sales team. We believe that the number of sales teams is an indicator of potential revenues for future periods.
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Annual Revenue Retention Rate. Our annual revenue retention rate tracks the percentage of revenues that we retain from our existing clients. We monitor this metric because it is an indicator of client satisfaction and revenues for future periods.
Components of Results of Operations
Sources of Revenues
Revenues are comprised of recurring revenues, and implementation and other revenues. We expect our revenues to increase as we introduce new applications, expand our client base and renew and expand relationships with existing clients. As a percentage of total revenues, we expect our mix of recurring revenues, and implementation and other revenues to remain relatively constant.
Recurring. Recurring revenues include fees for our talent acquisition, time and labor management, payroll, talent management and HR management applications as well as fees charged for delivery of client payroll checks and reports. These revenues are derived from (i) fixed amounts charged per billing period plus a fee per employee or transaction processed or (ii) fixed amounts charged per billing period. Because recurring revenues are based, in part, on fees for use of our applications and the delivery of checks and reports that are levied on a per-employee basis, our recurring revenues increase as our clients hire more employees. Recurring revenues are recognized in the period services are rendered. As of April 1, 2016, recurring revenues also include interest earned on funds held for clients. We collect funds from clients in advance of either the applicable due date for payroll tax submissions or the applicable disbursement date for employee payment services. These collections from clients are typically disbursed from one to 30 days after receipt, with some funds being held for up to 120 days. We typically invest funds held for clients in money market funds, demand deposit accounts, commercial paper and certificates of deposit until they are paid to the applicable tax or regulatory agencies or to client employees. We expect that interest earned on funds held for clients will increase as we introduce new applications, expand our client base and renew and expand relationships with existing clients. The amount of interest we earn from the investment of client funds is also impacted by changes in interest rates.
Implementation and Other. Implementation and other revenues are comprised of implementation fees for the deployment of our solution and other revenues from sales of time clocks as part of our time and attendance services. Non-refundable implementation fees are charged to new clients at inception and upon the addition of certain incremental applications for existing clients. These fees range from 10% to 30% of the annualized value of the transaction. Implementation revenues are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized over the life of the client, which is estimated to be 10 years, and other revenues are recognized upon shipment of time clocks. Implementation and other revenues comprised approximately 1.7% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues consists of expenses related to hosting and supporting our applications, hardware costs, systems support and technology and depreciation and amortization. These costs include employee-related expenses (including non-cash stock-based compensation expenses) and other expenses related to client support, bank charges for processing ACH transactions, certain implementation expenses, delivery charges and paper costs. They also include our cost for time clocks sold and ongoing technology and support costs related to our systems. The amount of depreciation and amortization of property and equipment allocated to cost of revenues is determined based upon an estimate of assets used to support our operations.
Administrative Expenses
Administrative expenses consist of sales and marketing, research and development, general and administrative and depreciation and amortization. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses for our direct sales and marketing staff (such as commissions and bonuses and non-cash stock-based compensation expenses), marketing expenses and other related costs. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses (including non-cash stock-based compensation expenses) for our development staff, net of capitalized software costs for internally developed software. We expect to grow our research and development efforts as we continue to broaden our payroll and HR solution offerings and extend our technological solutions by investing in the development of new applications and introducing them to new and existing clients. General and administrative expenses consist of employee-related expenses for finance and accounting, legal, human resources and management information systems personnel (including non-cash stock-based compensation expenses), legal costs, professional fees and other corporate expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses consist of (i) the amount of depreciation and amortization of property and equipment allocated to administrative expenses (based upon an estimate of assets used to support our selling, general and administrative functions) and (ii) amortization of intangible assets.
Net Loss on Early Repayment of Debt
During 2014, we wrote off $4.1 million related to the discount associated with the repayment of certain related party debt.
Interest Expense
Interest expense includes interest on debt related to our corporate headquarters and, with respect to the year ended December 31, 2014 only, related party debt.
Other Income, net
Other income, net includes interest earned on our own funds and any gain or loss on the sale or disposal of fixed assets. Prior to April 1, 2016, other income, net also included interest earned on funds held for clients.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our consolidated financial statements include a provision for income taxes incurred for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations using the asset and liability method. Under this method, we recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well as for any operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the net amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized.
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth selected consolidated statements of income data and such data as a percentage of total revenues for each of the periods indicated:
Revenues
Total revenues were $329.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $224.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, representing an increase of $104.4 million, or 47%. The increase in total revenues was due to several factors, including (i) the addition of clients in mature sales offices, which are offices that have been open for at least 24 months, as well as contributions from sales offices that are reaching maturity, (ii) the addition of new clients in more recently opened sales offices, (iii) the sale of additional applications to our existing clients, (iv) additional revenues in the first quarter attributable to the strong performance of our tax form filing business (including additional revenues from the first year of ACA-related filings), (v) an increase in average revenues per client as we continued to sell our applications to larger clients and (vi) growth in the number of employees of our clients. In addition, during the second quarter of 2016, we elected to change our accounting policy for recording interest income earned on funds held for clients, such that as of April 1, 2016, interest earned in the period between receipt and disbursement of client funds is recorded as recurring revenue. Prior to April 1, 2016, this interest income was recorded as other income, net.
As a result of increased sales, implementation and other revenues, a component of total revenues, increased to $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, from $4.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, representing an increase of $0.9 million, or 20%.
Total revenues were $224.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $150.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of $73.8 million, or 49%. The increase in total revenues was due to several factors, including (i) the addition of clients in mature sales offices, as well as contributions from sales offices that are reaching maturity, (ii) the addition of new clients in more recently opened sales offices, (iii) the introduction and sale of additional applications to our existing clients,
(iv) growth in the number of employees of our clients, (v) an increase in average revenues per client as we continued to sell our applications to larger clients, (vi) additional revenues in the first quarter attributable to the strong performance of our tax form filing business and (vii) additional revenues in the fourth quarter resulting from clients seeking to accelerate implementation of our Enhanced ACA application that we believe would have typically deferred implementation until after year-end. As a result of increased sales, implementation and other revenues, a component of total revenues, increased to $4.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, representing an increase of $2.0 million, or 71%.
Expenses
The following table presents the non-cash stock-based compensation expense, resulting from stock-based awards, that is recorded in our consolidated statements of income:
During the year ended December 31, 2016, our non-cash stock-based compensation expense increased $19.5 million, primarily due to the issuance and subsequent vesting of restricted common stock with market-based vesting conditions. During the year ended December 31, 2015, our non-cash stock-based compensation expense increased $2.3 million primarily due to the issuance of additional shares of restricted common stock, during 2015, whose grant-date fair value was greater than shares previously issued.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues was $54.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $35.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, representing an increase of $18.6 million, or 52%. The increase in cost of revenues was primarily due to a $12.3 million increase in employee costs, which consisted of a $10.3 million increase in expenses related to an increase in the number of operating personnel and a $2.0 million increase in non-cash stock-based compensation expense. Additionally, shipping fees and ACH fees each increased $1.3 million in connection with increased sales. Depreciation and amortization expense increased $2.1 million, or 57%, primarily due to the development of technology, purchases of other assets and the construction of assets in connection with the expansion of our headquarters.
Cost of revenues was $35.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $27.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, representing an increase of $8.2 million, or 30%. The increase in cost of revenues was primarily due to a $5.4 million increase in employee costs related to additional operating personnel, a $0.7 million increase in shipping fees and a $0.3 million increase in ACH expenses, all of which were related to increased sales. In addition, depreciation and amortization expense increased $1.1 million, or 40%, primarily due to technology developed and other additional assets purchased.
Administrative Expenses
Total administrative expenses were $217.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $154.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, representing an increase of $62.4 million, or 40%. Sales and marketing expenses increased $26.7 million primarily due to a $19.8 million increase in employee-related expenses, including commissions and bonuses, and a $3.1 million increase in non-cash stock-based compensation expense. Additionally, recruiting and training for sales and marketing increased $2.3 million due to an increase in the number of sales personnel. Research and development expenses increased by $12.3 million due to a $11.6 million increase in expenses related to an increase in the number of research and development personnel and a $0.7 million increase in non-cash stock-based compensation expense. Although we expect research and development expenses to continue to gradually increase as we hire more personnel to support our growth, we expect that research and development expenses as a percentage of total revenues will remain relatively consistent in future periods. General and administrative expenses increased by $21.2 million primarily due to a $13.7 million increase in non-cash stock-based compensation and a $7.5 million increase in employee related expenses. Depreciation and amortization increased by $2.1 million primarily due to assets purchased and constructed, as well as additional technology developed.
Total administrative expenses were $154.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $107.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, representing an increase of $46.8 million, or 43%. Sales and marketing expenses increased $29.0 million primarily due to a $14.9 million increase in commission and bonuses and a $9.9 million increase in employee-related expenses, in each case resulting from increased sales, and a $0.8 million increase in recruiting and training expenses related to an increase in the number of sales personnel. Research and development expenses increased by $4.3 million primarily due to an increase in the number of research and development personnel. General and administrative expenses increased by $12.3 million primarily due to a $6.8 million increase in employee-related expenses, a $1.8 million increase in accounting, compliance, legal and insurance expense, an increase of $0.6 million in employee travel expenses and an increase of $0.5 million in telecommunications expenses related to expansion of our company headquarters. Depreciation and amortization increased by $1.2 million primarily due to assets purchased and additional technology developed.
Expenditures for software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized and amortized over a three-year period on a straight-line basis. The table below sets forth the amounts of capitalized and expensed research and development cost for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Provision for Income Taxes
For the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, income tax expense decreased as a percentage of revenue compared to the twelve months ended December 31, 2015. The decrease primarily resulted from the recognition of excess tax benefits from share-based payment awards due to the Company’s adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”). See Note 2 under Adoption of New Pronouncements for further discussion in connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-09.
Quarterly Results of Operations
The following table sets forth selected unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of income data for each of the 12 quarters within the three-year period ended December 31, 2016. The information for each of these quarters has been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K and, in the opinion of management, includes all adjustments, which includes only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the results of operations for these periods in accordance with U.S. GAAP. This data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. These quarterly operating results are not necessarily indicative of our operating results for a full year or any future period (in thousands).
Quarterly Revenues Trends
Excluding changes in quarterly revenues due to seasonal factors, our quarterly revenues increased sequentially for the periods presented due to a combination of factors, including the addition of clients in mature sales offices, as well as contributions from sales offices that are reaching maturity, the addition of new clients in more recently opened sales offices and the sale of additional applications to our existing clients. There are also seasonal factors that affect our revenues. Recurring revenues include revenues relating to the annual processing of payroll forms such as Form W-2 and Form 1099, as well as the processing and filing of ACA-related forms. Because these forms are typically processed in the first quarter of the year, first quarter revenue and margins are generally higher than subsequent quarters. In addition, unscheduled payroll runs at the end of the year often result in increased revenue in the fourth quarter.
Quarterly Expenses Trends
Sales and marketing expenses are generally higher in the fourth and first quarters as sales representatives achieve sales goals throughout the year, resulting in higher commission rates. These sales goals reset annually on February 1.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, which totaled $60.2 million and $50.7 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Our cash and cash equivalents are comprised primarily of demand deposit accounts,
money market funds and certificates of deposit. We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs over at least the next 12 months.
We have historically financed our operations from cash flows generated from operations, cash from the sale of debt and equity securities and borrowings under our loans. Since inception, we have raised $125.1 million of equity capital, $64.3 million of which was the net proceeds raised in our initial public offering that closed in April 2014. We incurred related party debt as part of corporate reorganizations that occurred in April 2012 and January 2014. Such debt has since been repaid. Although we have funded most of the costs for ongoing construction projects at our corporate headquarters from available cash, we have incurred indebtedness for a portion of these costs. Further, to date, all purchases under our stock repurchase plan have been paid for from available cash and, to the extent we repurchase additional shares in the future, we expect to continue to use cash.
Recent Liquidity Developments
Withholding Shares to Cover Taxes. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we withheld 302,424 shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations with respect to the delivery of vested shares of restricted stock to certain employees. Our payment of the taxes on behalf of those employees resulted in an expenditure of $14.4 million in cash and, as such, we subtract the amounts attributable to such withheld shares from the aggregate amount available for future purchases under our stock repurchase plan.
Stock Repurchase Plan. On May 26, 2016, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan under which we were authorized to purchase (in the aggregate) up to $50 million of our outstanding common stock, par value $0.01 per share, over a 24-month period. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we repurchased an aggregate of 1.1 million shares of common stock (including shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations, as discussed above) for an aggregate cost of $50.0 million. On February 8, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors amended and extended this stock repurchase plan, such that we are authorized to purchase (in the aggregate) up to an additional $50.0 million of common stock through January 2019.
Oklahoma City Economic Development Trust Incentive. In the first quarter of 2016, we entered into a local incentive package with the Oklahoma City Economic Development Trust worth up to approximately $1.2 million, depending on the number of new jobs we create for local employees through 2021 and the average annual salary level for such employees.
2021 Consolidated Loan. As of December 31, 2016, we had a term note under the 2021 Consolidated Loan due to Kirkpatrick Bank that matures on May 30, 2021 (the “2021 Consolidated Loan”) with an outstanding principal balance of $25.0 million. Under the 2021 Consolidated Loan, interest is payable monthly and accrues at a fixed rate of 4.75% per annum. The 2021 Consolidated Loan is secured by a mortgage covering our headquarters and certain personal property relating to our headquarters.
We are required to comply with certain financial and non-financial covenants under the 2021 Consolidated Loan, including maintaining a fixed charge coverage ratio of EBITDA to fixed charges (defined as current maturities of long-term debt, interest expense, rent expense and distributions) of greater than 1.2 to 1.0, which is measured on a quarterly basis. Further, until amounts under the 2021 Consolidated Loan are repaid, we may not, subject to certain exceptions, (i) create any mortgages or liens, (ii) make any loans, advances or extensions of credit with certain affiliates or enter into any other transactions with certain affiliates, (iii) lease any mortgaged property, (iv) make any distributions as long as an event of default exists, (v) make any material change in methods of accounting, (vi) enter into any sale and leaseback arrangement, (vii) amend, modify, restate, cancel or terminate our organizational documents, (viii) sell, transfer or convey any mortgaged property or (ix) incur funded outside debt. An event of default under the 2021 Consolidated Loan includes, among other events, (i) failure to pay principal or interest when due, (ii) breaches of certain covenants, (iii) any failure to meet the required financial covenants and (iv) an institution of bankruptcy, reorganization, liquidation or receivership. As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all of the covenants under the 2021 Consolidated Loan.
2015 Construction Loan and 2023 Term Loan. On May 13, 2015, we entered into a loan agreement with Kirkpatrick Bank to partially finance the construction of our third headquarters building (the “2015 Construction Loan”). The 2015 Construction Loan allowed us to borrow a maximum aggregate principal amount equal to the lesser of (i) $11.0 million or (ii) 80% of the appraised value of the constructed property. On August 1, 2016, we converted the $5.0 million outstanding principal balance of the 2015 Construction Loan into an 84-month term loan (“2023 Term Loan”) with interest payable monthly and accruing at a fixed rate of 3.4% per annum.
At December 31, 2016, the principal balance outstanding on the 2023 Term Loan was $4.9 million. The 2023 Term Loan matures on August 31, 2023 and is secured by a mortgage covering our headquarters and certain personal property relating to our headquarters. The 2023 Term Loan includes the same covenants as those disclosed above with respect to the 2021 Consolidated Loan. We were in compliance with all of the covenants as of December 31, 2016.
2016 Construction Loan. On August 2, 2016, we entered into a new construction loan with Kirkpatrick Bank, which is available to finance the ongoing construction of a fourth headquarters building and new parking garage (the “2016 Construction Loan”). As of December 31, 2016, there were no outstanding borrowings under the 2016 Construction Loan. The 2016 Construction Loan allows us to borrow a maximum aggregate principal amount equal to the lesser of (i) $28.6 million or (ii) 80% of the appraised value of the constructed properties. The 2016 Construction Loan matures on the earlier of the completion of construction or February 2, 2019, with interest accruing at the greater of (i) the prime rate, plus 50 basis points or (ii) 4.0%. At maturity, the outstanding principal
balance of the 2016 Construction Loan, if any, will be automatically converted to an 84-month term loan that will accrue fixed interest at the prevailing 7/20 London Interbank Offered Rate swap interest rate in effect as of the commencement date, plus 225 basis points
Cash Flow Analysis
Our cash flows from operating activities have historically been significantly impacted by profitability, implementation revenues received but deferred, research and development, and our investment in sales and marketing to drive growth. Our ability to meet future liquidity needs will be driven by our operating performance and the extent of continued investment in our operations. Failure to generate sufficient revenues and related cash flows could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our liquidity needs and achieve our business objectives.
As our business grows, we expect our capital expenditures and our investment activity to continue to increase. Depending on certain growth opportunities, we may choose to accelerate investments in sales and marketing, acquisitions, technology and services. Actual future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our future revenues, cash from operating activities and the level of expenditures in all areas of our business, and may use available cash to repurchase shares of our common stock.
As part of our payroll and payroll tax filing services, we collect funds from our clients for federal, state and local employment taxes, which we remit to the appropriate tax agencies. We invest these funds in money market funds, demand deposit accounts, commercial paper and certificates of deposit from which we earn interest income during the period between their receipt and disbursement.
Our cash flows from investing and financing activities are influenced by the amount of funds held for clients, which varies significantly from quarter to quarter. The balance of the funds we hold depends on our clients’ payroll calendars, and therefore such balance changes from period to period in accordance with the timing of each payroll cycle.
Our cash flows from financing activities are also affected by the extent to which we use available cash to purchase shares of common stock under our stock repurchase plan as well as restricted stock vesting events that may result in the Company paying withholding taxes on behalf of certain employees.
The following table summarizes the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:
Operating Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2016, net cash provided by operating activities was $99.0 million. The net cash provided by operating activities resulted primarily from net income of $43.8 million, an adjustment for non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $22.5 million, an adjustment for depreciation and amortization of $13.6 million, an increase in deferred revenue of $10.7 million, a decrease in income taxes, net of $6.1 million, an increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $3.9 million, an increase in accrued payroll and vacation of $1.9 million and a decrease in accounts receivable of $1.0 million, partially offset by an increase in deferred income tax asset, net of $1.8 million and an increase in accounts payable of $1.6 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, net cash provided by operating activities was $43.0 million. The net cash provided by operating activities resulted primarily from net income of $20.9 million, an increase in deferred revenue of $9.7 million, an adjustment for depreciation and amortization of $9.4 million, an increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $4.0 million, an increase in accrued commissions and bonuses of $3.6 million and non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $3.0 million, partially offset by an increase in income taxes, net of $5.8 million, an increase in prepaid expenses of $1.6 million and a decrease in deferred income tax liability, net of $1.0 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, net cash provided by operating activities was $22.3 million. The net cash provided by operating activities resulted primarily from net income of $5.7 million, an adjustment for depreciation and amortization of $7.2 million, an increase in deferred revenue of $6.8 million related to increased implementation fees, and the write off of the debt discount costs of $4.1 million.
Investing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2016, net cash used in investing activities was $205.1 million. The net cash used in investing activities resulted primarily from an increase in funds held for clients of $161.5 million related to the collection of client taxes and $43.8 million of capital expenditures related to investments in property and equipment.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, net cash used in investing activities was $52.3 million. The net cash used in investing activities resulted primarily from a $36.1 million increase in funds held for clients related to collection of client taxes and $16.5 million of capital expenditures related to investments in property and equipment, offset by a decrease of $0.4 million in restricted cash.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, net cash used in investing activities was $219.1 million. The net cash used in investing activities resulted primarily from a $204.8 million increase in funds held for clients related to collection of client taxes and $14.3 million of capital expenditures related to investments in real property, software development and facilities and equipment.
Financing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2016, net cash provided by financing activities was $115.5 million. The net cash provided by financing activities primarily resulted from an increase of $161.5 million in client funds obligation related to collection of client taxes, proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt of $5.0 million, partially offset by open-market repurchases of common stock of $35.6 million, withholding taxes paid related to net share settlements of $14.4 million and principal payments on long-term debt of $1.0 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, net cash provided by financing activities was $34.9 million. The net cash provided by financing activities primarily resulted from an increase of $36.1 million in client funds obligation related to collection of client taxes, offset by $1.1 million of principal payments on long-term debt and $0.1 million of payment for debt issuance costs.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, net cash provided by financing activities was $208.5 million. The net cash provided by financing activities resulted primarily from an increase in client funds obligation of $204.8 million related to collection of client taxes, gross proceeds from our initial public offering of $62.8 million and proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt of $6.5 million, which were partially offset by principal payments on long-term debt of $65.7 million.
Contractual Obligations
Our principal commitments primarily consist of long-term debt and leases for office space. We disclose our long-term debt in Note 5 and our commitments and contingencies in Note 11 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
As of December 31, 2016, the future non-cancelable minimum payments under these commitments were as follows:
We may continue to lease additional office space to support our growth. In addition, many of our existing lease agreements provide us with the option to renew. Our future operating lease obligations include payments due during any renewal period provided for in the lease where the lease imposes a penalty for failure to renew.
The contractual commitment amounts in the table above are associated with agreements that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum services to be used, fixed minimum or variable price provisions, and the approximate timing of the transaction. Obligations under contracts that we can cancel without a significant penalty are not included in the table above.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2016, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we continually evaluate our estimates and assumptions believed to be reasonable under current facts and circumstances. Actual amounts and results may materially differ from these estimates made by management under different assumptions and conditions.
Certain accounting policies that require significant management estimates, and are deemed critical to our results of operations or financial position, are described below. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
Adoption of New Pronouncements
In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-09, which simplified the accounting related to certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. The new guidance requires excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies to be recognized within the income statement when share-based payment awards vest or are settled. In addition, cash flows related to excess tax benefits are not separately classified as a financing activity apart from other income tax cash flows in the statement of cash flows. This guidance also allows us to repurchase more of an employee’s vesting shares for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting, clarifies that all cash payments made to taxing authorities on an employee’s behalf for withheld shares be presented as a financing activity in the statement of cash flows, and provides an accounting policy election to account for award forfeitures as they occur or continue to estimate forfeitures. We elected to early adopt the new guidance in the third quarter of 2016. As such, we are required to present any adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the interim period of adoption. The primary impact of our adoption of ASU 2016-09 was the recognition of excess tax benefits in our provision for income taxes of $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, which otherwise would have been recognized as paid in capital. Early adoption had no impact on retained earnings as of January 1, 2016, or on the comparability of the prior period financial statements as there were no excess tax benefits recognized during 2015. We elected to continue to estimate expected forfeitures to determine the amount of stock compensation cost to be recognized in each period. The presentation requirements for cash flows related to excess benefits and for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares had no impact on any of the periods previously presented in our consolidated statements of cash flows.
We adopted on a retrospective basis the recently issued guidance by the FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-03, “Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” (“ASU 2015-03”). ASU 2015-03 requires companies with debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability to present such issuance costs in the consolidated balance sheets as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability. Our adoption of ASU 2015-03 resulted in a reclassification that decreased deposits and other assets by $0.1 million and decreased net long-term debt, less current portion by $0.1 million on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-03 had no impact on our stockholders’ equity or the results of our operations.
Revenue Recognition
Our total revenues are comprised of recurring revenues, and implementation and other revenues. We recognize revenues in accordance with accounting standards for software and service companies when all of the following criteria have been met:
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There is persuasive evidence of an arrangement;
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The service has been or is being provided to the customer;
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Collection of the fees is reasonably assured; and
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The amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable.
Recurring revenues are derived primarily from our talent acquisition, time and labor management, payroll, talent management and HR management applications. These services are rendered during each client’s payroll period with the agreed-upon fee being charged and collected as part of the client’s payroll. Revenues are recognized at time of billing of each client’s payroll period. Collectability is reasonably assured as the fees are collected through ACH as part of the client’s payroll cycle or through direct wire
transfer, which minimizes the default risk. Our implementation and other revenues represent non-refundable conversion fees which are charged to new clients to offset the expense of new client set-up and revenues from sale of time clocks as part of our employee time and attendance services. Because these conversion fees and sale of time clocks relate to our recurring revenues, we have evaluated such arrangements under the accounting guidance that governs multiple element arrangements.
For arrangements with multiple elements, we evaluate whether each element represents a separate unit of accounting. In order to treat deliverables in a multiple element arrangement as separate units of accounting, the deliverables must have standalone value upon delivery. If the deliverables have standalone value upon delivery, we account for each deliverable separately and revenue is recognized for the respective deliverables as they are delivered. If one or more of the deliverables does not have standalone value upon delivery, the deliverables that do not have standalone value are generally combined with the final deliverable within the arrangement and treated as a single unit of accounting.
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we determined that there was no standalone value associated with the upfront conversion fees as they did not have value to our clients on a standalone basis nor were they offered as an individual service; therefore, the conversion fees were deferred and are recognized ratably over the estimated life of our clients, based on our historical client attrition rate, which we estimate to be ten years. Revenues from the sale of time clocks are recognized when they are delivered.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill is not amortized, but we are required to test the carrying value of goodwill for impairment at least annually, or earlier if, at the reporting unit level, an indicator of impairment arises. The estimates and assumptions about future results of operations and cash flows made in connection with the impairment testing could differ from future actual results of operations and cash flows. If impairment exists, a write-down to fair value is recorded. Our business is largely homogeneous and, as a result, goodwill is associated with one reporting unit. We have selected June 30 as our annual goodwill impairment testing date and determined there was no impairment as of June 30, 2016. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, there were no indicators of impairment. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, including intangible assets with finite lives, are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. We have determined that there is no impairment of long-lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Restricted Common Stock
In connection with a corporate reorganization (the “2014 Reorganization”) completed in anticipation of our initial public offering (“IPO”), on January 1, 2014 we issued 8,121,101 shares of restricted stock (the “2014 Restricted Stock”) under the Paycom Software, Inc. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP”) and 1,148,520 shares of common stock, in each case upon conversion of outstanding incentive units of Paycom Payroll Holdings, LLC (“Holdings”). Vested incentive units were converted to shares of common stock and 2014 Restricted Stock at various conversion ratios that ranged from approximately 1:02 to 1:24. Unvested incentive units were converted to shares of 2014 Restricted Stock at various conversion ratios that ranged from 1:24 to 1:47. The conversion ratios were determined based on the underlying conditions of the pre-conversion incentive units and reflected any pre-existing vesting conditions.
Given the absence of a public trading market for our common stock and incentive units prior to our IPO, and in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (the “AICPA”), Audit and Accounting Practice Aid Series: Valuation of Privately Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, our Board of Directors exercised reasonable judgment and considered numerous factors existing at such time in order to determine the best estimate of the fair value of the 2014 Restricted Stock and incentive units, including:
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Valuation analyses performed by an unrelated third-party specialist (including the application of appropriate valuation techniques and inputs);
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Characteristics and specific terms of the shares as noted in the equity grant agreements;
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Value of the shares as determined by the absence of a liquidation value on the date of grant, the ability to participate in our future profits, growth and appreciation and the lack of an exercise price for the shares;
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Lack of marketability of our common stock;
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Our historical and actual operating and financial performance;
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Our stage of development;
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Revenue and expense projections;
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Likelihood of achieving a liquidating event (IPO or sale);
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Market performance of comparable publicly traded companies;
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Industry factors; and
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Overall U.S. and global economic and capital market conditions.
We used a Monte Carlo simulation model to value the 2014 Restricted Stock and for restricted stock with market-based vesting conditions issued after our IPO. Our simulation model requires various subjective assumptions as inputs, including expected life, volatility, risk-free interest rates, and the expected dividend yield. The assumptions used in the simulation model represent our best estimates, which involve inherent uncertainties and the application of our judgment as follows:
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Risk-free interest rate - For purposes of valuing shares of 2014 Restricted Stock, we determined the risk-free interest rate based on the implied yield available on 5 year U.S. Treasury securities. For purposes of valuing shares of restricted stock issued following our IPO, we determine the risk-free interest rate based on an implied yield available on U.S. Treasury Securities ranging from 5 to 10 year maturities, with a term equivalent to that of the restricted stock as of the valuation date.
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Volatility - We determined the volatility input based on the historical volatilities of comparable guideline companies. To determine the comparable guideline companies, we consider cloud-based application providers and select those that are similar to us in nature of services provided. We intend to continue to consistently apply this process using the same or similar public companies until information regarding the volatility of our own pricing changes, or unless circumstances change such that the identified companies are no longer similar to us, in which case, more suitable companies whose share prices are publicly available would be utilized in the calculation.
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Expected life -The expected life represents the period that the shares of restricted stock are expected to be outstanding. We determined the expected life assumption based on the vesting terms and contractual terms of the restricted stock.
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Expected dividend yield -We have not paid dividends and therefore apply an expected dividend yield of 0%. Our Board of Directors will determine if and when dividends will be declared and paid in the future based on our financial position at the relevant time.
The FASB Accounting Standards Codification, Section 718-20-53-3 indicates that if the terms and conditions of an existing equity incentive compensation plan are to be modified, then an entity should record additional compensation cost for any incremental value associated with the modification. The incremental compensation cost is measured as the excess of the fair value of the modified awards over the fair value of the original awards immediately before its terms are modified. Based on the terms of the 2014 Restricted Stock, we concluded that there was a modification of the existing equity incentive units. Based upon a valuation by an independent third-party, management determined there was no additional compensation cost created in the conversion, as the value of the incentive units given up was less than the value of the 2014 Restricted Stock received. As such, there was no additional compensation recorded.
During the year ended December 31, 2015, we issued an aggregate of 741,931 shares of restricted stock under the LTIP to all of our executive officers and certain employees (the “2015 Restricted Stock”). During the year ended December 31, 2016, we issued (i) an aggregate of 1,575,429 shares of restricted stock under the LTIP to all of our executive officers, certain employees and certain members of our Board of Directors (the “2016 Restricted Stock” and, collectively with the 2014 Restricted Stock and the 2015 Restricted Stock, the “LTIP Stock”). All shares of LTIP Stock are subject to either time-based or market-based vesting conditions.
The following tables present a summary of the grant-date fair values and related assumptions with respect to shares of LTIP Stock. The grant-date fair values were determined based on the Monte Carlo Simulation model.
In addition to assumptions used in the simulation model, we are required to estimate forfeitures and only record compensation costs for those awards that are expected to vest. Our forfeiture estimate is based on an analysis of our actual forfeitures. We will continue to evaluate the appropriateness of the forfeiture rate based on actual forfeiture experience, analysis of employee turnover, and other factors.
The following table presents information about the LTIP Stock:
(1)
With respect to shares granted on January 1, 2014, July 8, 2015, April 15, 2016 and October 4, 2016, represents the weighted average fair value per share, taking into account both time-based and market-based vesting conditions.
Shares of 2014 Restricted Stock that were subject to time-based vesting conditions retained substantially the same time-based vesting conditions as the respective tranche of incentive units from which they were converted. The following tables show the vesting schedule for shares of 2014 Restricted Stock outstanding as of December 31, 2016 that are subject to time-based vesting conditions:
The following table shows the vesting schedule for shares of 2015 Restricted Stock and 2016 Restricted Stock outstanding as of December 31, 2016 that are subject to time-based vesting conditions:
With respect to shares of 2014 Restricted Stock subject to market-based vesting conditions, 50% of such shares vested when the Company’s Total Enterprise Value (as defined in the applicable restricted stock award agreement, “TEV”) reached $1.4 billion on December 1, 2014 and 50% of such shares vested when the Company’s TEV reached $1.8 billion on March 2, 2015. With respect to shares of 2015 Restricted Stock subject to market-based vesting conditions (“2015 Market-Based LTIP Stock”), 50% of such shares vested when the Company’s TEV reached $2.65 billion on August 1, 2016, and the remaining 50% will vest if the Company’s TEV equals or exceeds $3.5 billion. The TEV threshold for shares of 2016 Restricted Stock subject to market-based vesting conditions (“2016 Market-Based LTIP Stock”) varies depending on the grant date. All shares of 2016 Market-Based LTIP Stock granted on April 15, 2016 vested when the Company’s TEV reached $2.65 billion on July 28, 2016. Due to differences in the number of shares outstanding at the respective grant dates, which affected the TEV calculation, there was a two trading day gap between the vesting of shares of 2016 Market-Based LTIP Stock and shares of 2015 Market-Based LTIP Stock at the $2.65 billion TEV threshold. The remaining shares of 2016 Market-Based LTIP Stock are subject to TEV vesting thresholds of $3.9 billion and $4.2 billion.
The following table shows the shares of 2015 Market-Based LTIP Stock and 2016 Market-Based LTIP Stock outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and the TEV vesting thresholds with respect to such shares:
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” This authoritative guidance includes a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires revenue to be recognized in a manner to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. The FASB has since issued several additional amendments to this guidance. In April 2015, the FASB proposed a one year deferral of the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard for public and non-public entities reporting under U.S. GAAP and on July 9, 2015, the FASB approved the one year deferral. The effective date of the amended standard will begin in periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted but no earlier than for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2016. The Company has an ongoing project to assess the impact of the standard that has been conducted with the assistance of an international accounting firm. The Company has not fully determined the impact of the new revenue recognition standard on its systems, processes and consolidated financial statements; however, we expect the new standard will have a material impact on the manner in which we account for certain costs to acquire new contracts (i.e., selling and commission costs) and costs to fulfill contracts (i.e., costs related to implementation services performed). Generally, as it relates to these types of costs, the provisions of the new standard will result in the deferral of these costs on the consolidated balance sheets and subsequently the amortizing of these costs to the consolidated statements of income over the expected life of our client relationships, which we have determined to be an average of 10 years. The Company is still evaluating whether implementation services contain an implied performance obligation in the form of a material right to the customer and if so, what impact that would have on the recognition of implementation revenues. We expect to complete our assessment process, including selecting a transition method for adoption, by the end of the third quarter of 2017 and will complete our implementation process prior to the adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2018.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory.” Under the new guidance, an entity should measure inventory (as defined within the scope of the guidance) at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The new guidance applies to all inventory except inventory measured using last-in, first-out (LIFO) or the retail inventory method. Net realizable value is defined as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predicable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The new guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Accordingly, the standard is effective for us on January 1, 2017. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The amendments in this guidance require all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income (other than those accounted for under equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee). The amendments in this guidance also require an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. In addition the amendments in this guidance eliminate the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet for public business entities. The new guidance is effective for us for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842).” The purpose of the guidance is to increase the transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet as well as providing additional disclosure requirements related to leasing arrangements. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, though early adoption is permitted. Full retrospective application is prohibited. We anticipate that the adoption of this accounting standard will materially affect our consolidated balance sheets and may require changes to the system and processes that we use to account for leases. We have not yet made any decision on the timing of adoption or method of adoption with respect to the optional practical expedients.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Management uses Adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income as supplemental measures to review and assess the performance of our core business operations and for planning purposes. We define (i) Adjusted EBITDA as net income plus interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization, non-cash stock-based compensation expense, net loss on early repayment of debt and certain transaction expenses that are not core to our operations, and (ii) non-GAAP net income as net income plus non-cash stock-based compensation expense, net loss on early repayment of debt and certain transaction expenses that are not core to our operations, each of which is adjusted for the effect of income taxes. Adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income are metrics that provide investors with greater transparency to the information used by management in its financial and operational decision-making. We believe these metrics are useful to investors because they facilitate comparisons of our core business operations across periods on a consistent basis, as well as comparisons with the results of peer companies, many of which use similar non-GAAP financial measures to supplement results under U.S. GAAP. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is a measure that provides useful information to management about the amount of cash available for reinvestment in our business, repurchasing common stock and other purposes. Management believes that the non-GAAP measures presented in this Form 10-K, when viewed in combination with our results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting our business and performance.
Adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income are not measures of financial performance under U.S. GAAP, and should not be considered a substitute for net income, which we consider to be the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure. Adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income have limitations as analytical tools, and when assessing our operating performance, you should not consider Adjusted EBITDA or non-GAAP net income in isolation, or as a substitute for net income or other consolidated statements of income data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income may not be comparable to similar titled measures of other companies and other companies may not calculate such measures in the same manner as we do.
The following tables reconcile net income to Adjusted EBITDA, net income to non-GAAP net income and earnings per share to non-GAAP net income per share on a basic and diluted basis:
Item 7A.
Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest rate sensitivity
We had cash and cash equivalents totaling $60.2 million as of December 31, 2016. We consider all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less and money market funds to be cash equivalents. These amounts are invested primarily in demand deposit accounts, money market funds and certificates of deposit. We also invest funds held for clients in money market funds, demand deposit accounts, commercial paper and certificates of deposit. The primary objectives of our investing activities are capital preservation, meeting our liquidity needs and, with respect to investing client funds, generating interest income while maintaining the safety of principal. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes.
Our investments are subject to market risk due to changes in interest rates. The market value of fixed rate securities may be adversely affected due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall short of expectation due to changes in interest rates, or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value due to changes in interest rates.
We do not believe that an increase or decrease in interest rates of 100-basis points would have a material effect on our operating results or financial condition with respect to our cash equivalents.
Item 8.
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
Paycom Software, Inc.
Consolidated Annual Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Income, Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Paycom Software, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Paycom Software, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Paycom Software, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 21, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
February 21, 2017
Paycom Software, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share amounts)
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except share amounts)
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
1.
ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Description of Business
Paycom Software, Inc. (“Software”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) is a leading provider of comprehensive, cloud-based human capital management (“HCM”) software delivered as Software-as-a-Service. Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, the terms “we”, “our”, “us” and the “Company” refer to Software and its consolidated subsidiaries.
We provide functionality and data analytics that businesses need to manage the complete employment life cycle from recruitment to retirement. Our solution requires virtually no customization and is based on a core system of record maintained in a single database for all HCM functions, including talent acquisition, time and labor management, payroll, talent management and human resources (“HR”) management applications.
The Reorganization
Software and its wholly owned subsidiary, Payroll Software Merger Sub, LLC (“Merger Sub”) were formed as Delaware entities on October 31, 2013 and December 23, 2013, respectively, in anticipation of an initial public offering (“IPO”) and were wholly owned subsidiaries of Paycom Payroll Holdings, LLC (“Holdings”) prior to December 31, 2013.
On January 1, 2014, we consummated a reorganization pursuant to which (i) affiliates of Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe, L.P. contributed WCAS Paycom Holdings, Inc. (“WCAS Holdings”) and WCAS CP IV Blocker, Inc. (“CP IV Blocker”), which together owned all of the Series A Preferred Units of Holdings, to Software in exchange for shares of common stock of Software, and (ii) the owners of outstanding Series B Preferred Units of Holdings contributed their Series B Preferred Units of Holdings to Software in exchange for shares of common stock of Software. Immediately after these contributions, Merger Sub merged with and into Holdings with Holdings surviving the merger. Upon consummation of the merger, the remaining holders of outstanding common and incentive units of Holdings received shares of common and restricted stock of Software for their common and incentive units by operation of Delaware law, and Holdings’ ownership interest in Software was cancelled. Outstanding common units, Series B Preferred Units and WCAS Holdings and CP IV Blocker were contributed to Software in exchange for, or converted into, an aggregate of 45,708,573 shares of common stock and 8,121,101 shares of restricted stock of Software. Prior to the reorganization, WCAS Holdings held Series C Preferred Units of Holdings in the amount of $46.2 million and WCAS Holdings had a 14% note due April 3, 2017 in the amount of $46.2 million (the “2017 Note”), which was payable to Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe X, L.P. (“WCAS X”). Following the exchange of the Series A Preferred Units and Series B Preferred Units for shares of common stock of Software, all outstanding Series C Preferred Units of Holdings were eliminated in an intercompany transaction between Holdings and WCAS Holdings, we assumed the 2017 Note and Software became a holding company with its principal assets being the Series B Preferred Units of Holdings and the outstanding capital stock of WCAS Holdings and CP IV Blocker. The foregoing transactions are referred to collectively as the “2014 Reorganization”.
Software’s acquisition of WCAS Holdings and Holdings in the 2014 Reorganization represented transactions under common control and were required to be retrospectively applied to the financial statements for all prior periods when the financial statements were issued for a period that included the date the transactions occurred. This includes a retrospective presentation for all equity related disclosures, including share, per share, and restricted stock disclosures, which have been revised to reflect the effects of the 2014 Reorganization. Therefore, our consolidated financial statements are presented as if WCAS Holdings and Holdings were Software’s wholly owned subsidiaries in periods prior to the 2014 Reorganization. The acquisition of CP IV Blocker was not deemed to be a reorganization under common control and therefore our historical consolidated financial statements include the ownership of a minority equity interest in CP IV Blocker, which was eliminated upon the acquisition of CP IV Blocker in the 2014 Reorganization on January 1, 2014.
Initial Public Offering
On April 21, 2014, we completed our initial public offering (“IPO”) whereby an aggregate of 7,641,750 shares of our common stock were sold to the public (consisting of 4,606,882 shares of common stock issued and sold by us and 3,034,868 shares of common stock sold by certain selling stockholders) at a public offering price of $15.00 per share. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders. The total gross proceeds we received from the offering were $69.1 million. After deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us, the aggregate net proceeds we received totaled approximately $62.8 million. We used all of the net proceeds from the IPO, together with approximately $3.3 million from existing cash, for the repayment in full of the 2017 Note and the 10% Senior Note due 2022 payable to WCAS Capital Partners IV, L.P. (“WCAS Capital IV”).
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Follow-On Public Offering
On January 21, 2015, we closed our follow-on public offering, whereby 6,422,750 shares of our common stock were sold to the public by certain selling stockholders at a public offering price of $22.50 per share. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of these shares.
Registered Block Trade Transactions
On May 20, 2015, we closed an underwritten secondary offering of 8,000,000 shares of our common stock by WCAS X, WCAS Capital IV, each of our executive officers and certain other selling stockholders at a public offering price of $36.25 per share. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of these shares.
On September 15, 2015, we closed an underwritten secondary offering of 4,500,000 shares of our common stock by WCAS X, WCAS Capital IV, each of our executive officers and certain other selling stockholders at a public offering price of $37.95 per share. On September 23, 2015, the underwriter exercised its option to purchase an additional 675,000 shares from WCAS X and WCAS Capital IV. We did not receive any proceeds from the sales of these shares.
On November 18, 2015, we closed an underwritten secondary offering of 4,500,000 shares of our common stock by WCAS X, WCAS Capital IV, each of our executive officers and certain other selling stockholders at a public offering price of $42.15 per share. On November 19, 2015, the underwriter exercised its overallotment option and subsequently purchased an additional 585,697 shares from WCAS X and WCAS Capital IV. We did not receive any proceeds from the sales of these shares.
2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
Our consolidated financial statements include the financial results of Software and its wholly owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation for the periods presented. Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. In addition to the normal adjustments, on the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2015, we combined the accounts of “stock-based compensation expense” and “employee stock purchase plan compensation expense” in order to conform to the current period presentation.
Adoption of New Pronouncements
In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”), which simplified the accounting related to certain aspects of share-based payments to employees. The new guidance requires excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies to be recognized within the income statement when share-based payment awards vest or are settled. In addition, cash flows related to excess tax benefits are not separately classified as a financing activity apart from other income tax cash flows in the statement of cash flows. This guidance also allows us to repurchase more of an employee’s vesting shares for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting, clarifies that all cash payments made to taxing authorities on an employee’s behalf for withheld shares be presented as a financing activity in the statement of cash flows, and provides an accounting policy election to account for award forfeitures as they occur or continue to estimate forfeitures. We elected to early adopt the new guidance in the third quarter of 2016. As such, we are required to present any adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the interim period of adoption, although there were no such adjustments necessary in our consolidated financial statements until the quarter ended September 30, 2016. The primary impact of our adoption of ASU 2016-09 was the recognition of excess tax benefits in our provision for income taxes of $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, which otherwise would have been recognized as paid in capital. Early adoption had no impact on retained earnings as of January 1, 2016, or on the comparability of the prior period financial statements as there were no excess tax benefits recognized during 2015. We elected to continue to estimate expected forfeitures to determine the amount of stock compensation cost to be recognized in each period. The presentation requirements for cash flows related to excess benefits and for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares had no impact on any of the periods previously presented in our consolidated statements of cash flows.
We adopted on a retrospective basis the recently issued guidance by the FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-03, “Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” (“ASU 2015-03”). ASU 2015-03 requires companies with debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability to present such issuance costs in the consolidated balance sheets as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability. Our adoption of ASU 2015-03 resulted in a reclassification that decreased deposits and other assets by $0.1 million and decreased net long-term debt, less current
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
portion by $0.1 million on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-03 had no impact on our stockholders’ equity or the results of our operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates include income taxes, loss contingencies, the useful life for long-lived and intangible assets, the life of our client relationships, the fair market value of our equity incentive awards and the fair value of our financial instruments. These estimates are based on historical experience where applicable and other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under circumstances. As such, actual results could materially differ from these estimates.
Segment Information
We operate in a single operating segment and a single reporting segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, who is also the chief executive officer in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. Our chief executive officer allocates resources and assesses performance based upon financial information at the consolidated level. As we operate in one operating segment, all required financial segment information is presented in the consolidated financial statements.
Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less and money market funds to be cash equivalents. We maintain cash and cash equivalents in demand deposit accounts, money market funds, and certificates of deposit, which may not be federally insured. The fair value of our cash and cash equivalents approximates carrying value. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts and do not believe there is exposure to any significant credit risk on such accounts.
Accounts Receivable
We generally collect revenues from our clients through an automatic deduction from the clients’ bank accounts at the time payroll processing occurs. Accounts receivable on our consolidated balance sheets consists primarily of revenue fees related to the last day of the year, which are collected on the following business day. As accounts receivable are collected via automatic deduction on the following business day, the Company has not recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts.
Inventory
Our inventory consists of two types of time clocks, and related clock attachments, sold to clients as part of our time and attendance services and are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in first-out (FIFO) cost method.
Time clocks are purchased as finished goods from a third party and as such we do not have any inventory classified as raw materials or work in process inventory. Rental clocks are issued to clients under month-to-month operating leases and are classified as property and equipment. We retain inventory in certain lines primarily as replacements for those clients who use the various clocks and have determined that no write-down for obsolete items was required based on inventory turnover and our historical experience during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Our leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the related lease terms. Costs incurred during construction of long-lived assets are recorded as construction in progress and are not depreciated until the asset is placed in service.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
We capitalize interest costs incurred related to construction in progress. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we incurred interest costs of $1.3 million, $1.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, interest expense of $0.4 million, less than $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, was capitalized.
Internal Use Software
Expenditures for software purchases and software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized and amortized over a three-year period on a straight-line basis. Capitalized costs include external direct costs of materials and services associated with developing or obtaining internal use computer software and certain payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with internal use computer software projects. The amount of payroll costs that are capitalized with respect to these employees is limited to the time directly spent on such projects. Costs associated with preliminary project stage activities, training, maintenance and all other post-implementation stage activities are expensed as incurred. We also expense internal costs related to minor upgrades and enhancements, as it is impractical to separate these costs from normal maintenance activities.
The total capitalized payroll costs related to internal use computer software projects was $8.8 million and $4.3 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which have been included in property and equipment. Amortization expense related to capitalized software costs of $3.6 million, $1.8 million and $0.9 million was charged to expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill is not amortized, but is instead tested for impairment annually, or earlier if, at the reporting unit level, an indicator of impairment arises. The estimates and assumptions about future results of operations and cash flows made in connection with the impairment testing could differ from future actual results of operations and cash flows. If impairment exists, a write-down to fair value is recorded. Our business is largely homogeneous and, as a result, goodwill is associated with one reporting unit. We have selected June 30 as our annual goodwill impairment testing date and determined there was no impairment as of June 30, 2016. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, there were no indicators of impairment. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, including intangible assets with finite lives, are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. We have determined that there was no impairment of long-lived assets including intangible assets with finite lives, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Funds Held for Clients and Client Funds Obligation
As part of our payroll and tax filing application, we (i) collect client funds to satisfy their respective federal, state and local employment tax obligations, (ii) remit such funds to the appropriate taxing authorities and accounts designated by our clients, and (iii) manage client tax filings and any related correspondence with taxing authorities. Amounts collected by us from clients for their federal, state and local employment taxes are invested and earn interest during the interval between receipt and disbursement.
These investments are shown in the consolidated balance sheets as funds held for clients, and the offsetting liability for the tax filings is shown as client funds obligation. The liability is recorded in the accompanying balance sheets at the time we obtain the funds from clients. The client funds obligation represents liabilities that will be repaid within one year of the balance sheet date. As of April 1, 2016, the interest income earned on funds held for clients is recorded in recurring revenues. Prior to April 1, 2016, the interest income earned on these funds was recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income.
As of December 31, 2016, the funds held for clients were invested in money market funds, demand deposit accounts, commercial paper and certificates of deposit and classified as a current asset in the accompanying balance sheets, as these funds are held solely to satisfy the client funds obligation. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the funds held for clients were invested in the same investments, other than commercial paper.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Stock Repurchase Plan
On May 26, 2016, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan under which we were authorized to purchase (in the aggregate) up to $50.0 million of our issued and outstanding common stock, par value $0.01 per share, over a 24-month period. On February 8, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors amended and extended this stock repurchase plan, such that we are authorized to purchase (in the aggregate) up to an additional $50.0 million of common stock through January 2019. Shares may be repurchased from time-to-time in open market transactions at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws, including Rule 10b5-1 programs, and the repurchase plan may be suspended or discontinued at any time. The actual timing, number and value of shares repurchased depends on a number of factors, including the market price of our common stock, general market and economic conditions and other corporate considerations. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we repurchased an aggregate of 1,122,261 shares of our common stock at an average cost of $44.52 per share, including 302,424 shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations for certain employees upon the vesting of restricted common stock.
Revenue Recognition
Our total revenue is comprised of recurring revenues and implementation and other revenues. We recognize revenues in accordance with accounting standards for software and service companies when all of the following criteria have been met:
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There is persuasive evidence of an arrangement;
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The service has been or is being provided to the client;
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Collection of the fees is reasonably assured; and
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The amount of fees to be paid by the client is fixed or determinable.
Recurring
Recurring revenues are derived primarily from our talent acquisition, time and labor management, payroll, talent management and HR management applications as well as fees charged for delivery of client payroll checks and reports. Talent acquisition includes applicant tracking, candidate tracker, background checks, on-boarding, e-verify and tax credit services. Time and labor management includes time and attendance, scheduling/schedule exchange, time-off requests, labor allocation, labor management reports/push reporting and geofencing/geotracking. Payroll includes payroll and tax management, Paycom pay, expense management, garnishment management and GL Concierge. Talent management includes employee self-service, compensation budgeting, performance management, executive dashboard and Paycom learning. HR management includes document and task management, government and compliance, benefits administration, COBRA administration, personnel action forms, surveys and Enhanced ACA.
The services related to recurring revenues are rendered during each client’s payroll period, with the agreed-upon fee being charged and collected as part of our processing of the client’s payroll. Recurring revenues are recognized at the conclusion of processing of each client’s payroll-period, when each respective payroll client is billed. Collectability is reasonably assured as the fees are collected through an Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) as part of the client’s payroll cycle or through direct wire transfer, which minimizes the default risk.
Implementation and other
Implementation and other revenues represent non-refundable conversion fees which are charged to new clients to offset the expense of new client set-up and revenues from the sale of time clocks as part of our employee time and attendance services. Because these conversion fees and sale of time clocks relate to our recurring revenues, we have evaluated such arrangements under the accounting guidance that governs multiple element arrangements.
For arrangements with multiple elements, we evaluate whether each element represents a separate unit of accounting. In order to treat deliverables in a multiple element arrangement as separate units of accounting, the deliverables must have standalone value upon delivery. If the deliverables have stand-alone value upon delivery, we account for each deliverable separately and revenue is recognized for the respective deliverables as they are delivered. If one or more of the deliverables does not have stand-alone value upon delivery, the deliverables that do not have stand-alone value are generally combined with the final deliverable within the arrangement and treated as a single unit of accounting.
When multiple deliverables included in an arrangement are separable into different units of accounting, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the identified separate units of accounting based on their relative selling price. Multiple deliverable arrangements accounting guidance provides a hierarchy to use when determining the relative selling price for each unit of accounting. Vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price, based on the price at which the item is regularly sold by the vendor on
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
a stand-alone basis, should be used if it exists. If VSOE of selling price is not available, third-party evidence (“TPE”) of selling price is used to establish the selling price if it exists, and if not it would be based on our best estimate of selling price.
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we have determined that there is no stand-alone value associated with the upfront conversion fees as they do not have value to our clients on a stand-alone basis nor are they offered as an individual service; therefore, the conversion fees are deferred and recognized ratably over the estimated life of our clients, which we have estimated to be ten years.
For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, we have determined that the revenues from the employee time and attendance services, and the revenues from the sale of time clocks as part of our time and attendance services, have VSOE of selling price as they are sold on a stand-alone basis. Revenue is therefore recognized for the respective deliverables as they are delivered.
Cost of Revenues
Our costs and expenses applicable to total revenues represent total operating expenses and systems support and technology costs, including labor and related expenses, bank fees, shipping fees and costs of paper stock, envelopes, etc. In addition, costs included to derive gross margins are comprised of support labor and related expenses, related hardware costs and applicable depreciation and amortization costs.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed the first time that advertising takes place. Advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $4.9 million, $3.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively.
Sales Taxes
We collect and remit sales tax on sales of time and attendance clocks and on payroll services in certain states. These taxes are shown on a net basis, and as such, excluded from revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, sales taxes collected and remitted were $4.3 million, $3.7 million and $3.0 million, respectively.
Employee Stock-Based Compensation
Time-based stock compensation awards to employees are recognized pro rata over the applicable vesting period as compensation costs in the consolidated statements of income based on their fair values measured as of the date of grant. Market-based stock compensation awards to employees are recognized pro rata over the applicable estimated vesting period as compensation costs in the consolidated statements of income based on their fair value as of the date of the grant unless vesting occurs sooner at which time the remaining respective unrecognized compensation cost would be recognized.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
An award issued under the Paycom Software, Inc., Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) is classified as a share-based liability and recorded at the fair value of the award. Expense is recognized, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
Income Taxes
Our consolidated financial statements include a provision for income taxes incurred for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations using the asset and liability method. Under this method, we recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well as for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the net amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized.
We file income tax returns in the United States and various state jurisdictions. We evaluate tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing our tax returns and disallow the recognition of tax positions not deemed to meet a “more-likely-than-not” threshold of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. We do not believe there are any tax positions taken within the consolidated financial statements that would not meet this threshold. Our policy is to record interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions as a component of general and administrative expenses. We are not aware of any open income tax examinations as of December 31, 2016. However, the tax years 2007 through 2016 remain open to examination for federal income tax purposes and by other major taxing jurisdictions.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” This authoritative guidance includes a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires revenue to be recognized in a manner to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. The FASB has since issued several additional amendments to this guidance. In April 2015, the FASB proposed a one year deferral of the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard for public and non-public entities reporting under U.S. GAAP and on July 9, 2015, the FASB approved the one year deferral. The effective date of the amended standard will begin in periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted but no earlier than for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2016. The Company has an ongoing project to assess the impact of the standard that has been conducted with the assistance of an international accounting firm. The Company has not fully determined the impact of the new revenue recognition standard on its systems, processes and consolidated financial statements; however, we expect the new standard will have a material impact on the manner in which we account for certain costs to acquire new contracts (i.e., selling and commission costs) and costs to fulfill contracts (i.e., costs related to implementation services performed). Generally, as it relates to these types of costs, the provisions of the new standard will result in the deferral of these costs on the consolidated balance sheets and subsequently the amortizing of these costs to the consolidated statements of income over the expected life of our client relationships, which we have determined to be an average of 10 years. The Company is still evaluating whether implementation services contain an implied performance obligation in the form of a material right to the customer and if so, what impact that would have on the recognition of implementation revenues. We expect to complete our assessment process, including selecting a transition method for adoption, by the end of the third quarter of 2017 and will complete our implementation process prior to the adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2018.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory.” Under the new guidance, an entity should measure inventory (as defined within the scope of the guidance) at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The new guidance applies to all inventory except inventory measured using last-in, first-out (LIFO) or the retail inventory method. Net realizable value is defined as the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predicable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The new guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Accordingly, the standard is effective for us on January 1, 2017. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The amendments in this guidance require all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income (other than those accounted for under equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee). The amendments in this guidance also require an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments. In addition the amendments in this guidance eliminate the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet for public business entities. The new guidance is effective for us for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that the standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842).” The purpose of the guidance is to increase the transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet as well as providing additional disclosure requirements related to leasing arrangements. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, though early adoption is permitted. Full retrospective application is prohibited. We anticipate that the adoption of this accounting standard will materially affect our consolidated balance sheets and may require changes to the system and processes that we use to account for leases. We have not yet made any decision on the timing of adoption or method of adoption with respect to the optional practical expedients.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
3.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment and accumulated depreciation and amortization were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Included in the construction in progress balance at December 31, 2016 and 2015 is $1.1 and $0.4 million in retainage, respectively.
Rental clocks included in property and equipment, net represent time clocks issued to clients under month-to-month operating leases. As such, these items are transferred from inventory to property and equipment and depreciated over their useful estimated lives.
Depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment, net was $12.0 million, $7.8 million and $5.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
4.
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
We had goodwill of $51.9 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. We performed the required impairment tests of goodwill as of June 30 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 including an assessment of whether or not indicators of impairment were present and determined there was no impairment for each of those years then ended.
All of the intangible assets other than goodwill are considered to have finite lives and, as such, are subject to amortization. The components of intangible assets are as follows (dollars in thousands):
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
The weighted average remaining useful life of the intangible assets was 3.6 years as of December 31, 2016. Amortization of intangible assets for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $1.6 million.
Estimated amortization expense for our existing intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter is as follows (dollars in thousands):
5.
LONG-TERM DEBT
Our long-term debt consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
As of December 31, 2016, our indebtedness consisted of (i) a term note under the 2021 Consolidated Loan due to Kirkpatrick Bank (the “2021 Consolidated Loan”), (ii) an 84-month term loan from Kirkpatrick Bank (the “2023 Term Loan”), which we obtained by converting the $5.0 million outstanding principal balance of a construction loan that was used to partially finance the construction of our third headquarters building (the “2015 Construction Loan”), and (iii) a new construction loan from Kirkpatrick Bank, which is available to finance the ongoing construction of a fourth headquarters building and new parking garage (the “2016 Construction Loan”).
The 2021 Consolidated Loan matures on May 30, 2021. Under the 2021 Consolidated Loan, interest is payable monthly and accrues at a fixed rate of 4.75% per annum. The 2021 Consolidated Loan is secured by a mortgage covering our headquarters and certain personal property relating to our headquarters. The 2021 Consolidated Loan includes certain financial covenants, including maintaining a fixed charge coverage ratio of EBITDA to fixed charges (defined as current maturities of long-term debt, interest expense, rent expense and distributions) of greater than 1.2 to 1.0, which is measured on a quarterly basis. We were in compliance with all of these covenants as of December 31, 2016.
We entered into the 2015 Construction Loan with Kirkpatrick Bank on May 3, 2015 and converted the outstanding principal balance into the 2023 Term Loan on August 1, 2016. The 2015 Construction Loan allowed us to borrow a maximum aggregate
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
principal amount equal to the lesser of (i) $11.0 million or (ii) 80% of the appraised value of the constructed property. The 2023 Term Loan matures on August 31, 2023 and is secured by a mortgage covering our headquarters and certain personal property relating to our headquarters. Interest on the 2023 Term Loan is payable monthly and accrues at a fixed rate of 3.4% per annum. The 2023 Term Loan includes the same covenants as those disclosed above with respect to the 2021 Consolidated Loan. We were in compliance with all of these covenants as of December 31, 2016.
We entered into the 2016 Construction Loan with Kirkpatrick Bank on August 2, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, there were no outstanding borrowings under the 2016 Construction Loan. The 2016 Construction Loan allows us to borrow a maximum aggregate principal amount equal to the lesser of (i) $28.6 million or (ii) 80% of the appraised value of the constructed properties. The 2016 Construction Loan matures on the earlier of the completion of construction or February 2, 2019, with interest accruing at the greater of (i) the prime rate, plus 50 basis points or (ii) 4.0%. At maturity, the outstanding principal balance of the 2016 Construction Loan, if any, will be automatically converted into an 84-month term loan that will accrue fixed interest at the prevailing 7/20 London Interbank Offered Rate swap interest rate in effect as of the commencement date, plus 225 basis points.
As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the carrying value of our total long-term debt, including current portion, was $29.8 million and $25.7 million, respectively, which approximated its fair value as of both dates. The fair value of our long-term debt is estimated based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for bank loans with similar terms and maturities.
Aggregate future maturities of long-term debt for the next five years and thereafter (including current portion) as of December 31, 2016 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
6.
EMPLOYEE SAVINGS PLAN AND EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
Our employees that are over the age of 21 and have completed ninety (90) days of service are eligible to participate in our 401(k) plan. We have made a Qualified Automatic Contribution Arrangement (“QACA”) election, whereby we make a matching contribution for our employees equal to 100% of the first 1% of salary deferrals and 50% of salary deferrals between 2% and 6%, up to a maximum matching contribution of 3.5% of an employee’s salary each plan year. We are allowed to make additional discretionary matching contributions and discretionary profit sharing contributions. Employees are 100% vested in amounts attributable to salary deferrals and rollover contributions. The QACA matching contributions as well as the discretionary matching and profit sharing contributions vest 100% after two years of employment from the date of hire. Matching contributions amounted to $3.5 million, $2.4 and $1.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
The ESPP has overlapping offering periods, with each offering period lasting approximately 24 months. At the beginning of each offering period, eligible employees may elect to contribute, through payroll deductions, up to 10% of their compensation, subject to an annual per employee maximum. Eligible employees purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a price equal to 85% of the fair market value of the shares on the exercise date. The maximum number of shares that may be purchased by a participant during each offering period is 2,000 shares, subject to IRS limits. The shares reserved for purposes of the ESPP are shares we purchase in the open market. The maximum aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be purchased by all participants under the ESPP is 2,000,000 shares. During the year ended December 31, 2016, eligible employees purchased 110,658 shares of the Company’s common stock under the ESPP. Compensation expense related to the ESPP is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Our compensation expense related to the ESPP was $0.6 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There was no compensation expense related to the ESPP for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
7.
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, funds held for clients, client funds obligation and long-term debt. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, funds held for clients and client fund obligation approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of the instruments.
We did not have any financial instruments that are measured on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 or 2014.
The following table summarizes the change in fair value of our Level 3 financial instruments for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in thousands).
Total change of the derivative liability recognized as other income, net in the consolidated statements of income was $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.
8.
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed in a similar manner to basic EPS after assuming the issuance of shares of common stock for all potentially dilutive shares of restricted stock whether or not they are vested.
In accordance with ASC Topic 260 “Earnings Per Share”, the two-class method determines earnings for each class of common stock and participating securities according to an earnings allocation formula that adjusts the income available to common stockholders for dividends or dividend equivalents and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are participating securities and, therefore, are included in computing earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. The outstanding restricted shares of stock that were issued on July 8, 2015, are considered participating securities.
Under the 2014 Reorganization, all the outstanding common units, Series B Preferred Units and incentive units of Holdings were exchanged for, or converted into, an aggregate of 45,708,573 shares of our common stock and 8,121,101 shares of our restricted stock as of January 1, 2014.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
The following is a reconciliation of net income and the shares of common stock used in the computation of basic and diluted net earnings per share (dollars in thousands, except share amounts):
9.
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
On January 1, 2014, we issued restricted shares of common stock (“2014 Restricted Stock”) under the Paycom Software, Inc. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP”) that were subject to either time-based vesting conditions or market-based vesting conditions. Shares of 2014 Restricted Stock with time-based vesting conditions vest based on various schedules through 2018. The market-based vesting conditions were based on our total enterprise value exceeding certain specified thresholds. Compensation expense related to the issuance of 2014 Restricted Stock with time-based vesting conditions was measured based on the fair value of the award on the grant date and is recognized over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. Compensation expense relating to the issuance of 2014 Restricted Stock with market-based vesting conditions was measured based on the fair value of the award on the grant date and recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based on the probability that the vesting conditions would be met. For 2014 Restricted Stock with market-based vesting conditions, 50% of the shares vested upon reaching a Total Enterprise Value (as defined in the applicable restricted stock award agreement, “TEV”) of $1.4 billion on December 1, 2014 and the remaining 50% of the shares vested upon reaching a TEV of $1.8 billion on March 2, 2015. Our total compensation expense related to 2014 Restricted Stock for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $0.2 million, $0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
There was $0.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to unvested shares of 2014 Restricted Stock with time-based vesting conditions outstanding as of December 31, 2016. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.2 years as of December 31, 2016.
On July 8, 2015, we issued an aggregate of 741,931 restricted shares of common stock under the LTIP (“2015 Restricted Stock”) to each of our executive officers and certain non-executive employees. On April 15, 2016, we issued an aggregate of 847,928 restricted shares of common stock under the LTIP (“April 2016 Restricted Stock”) to each of our executive officers and certain non-executive employees. On October 4, 2016, we issued an aggregate of 721,100 restricted shares of common stock under the LTIP (“October 2016 Restricted Stock”) to each of our executive officers and certain non-executive employees. On May 2, 2016 and November 10, 2016, we issued an aggregate of 5,132 and 1,269 restricted shares of common stock, respectively, under the LTIP to certain members of our Board of Directors (“2016 Director Restricted Stock” and, collectively with all shares of 2015 Restricted Stock, April 2016 Restricted Stock and October 2016 Restricted Stock, the “Post-IPO Restricted Stock”). Certain shares of Post-IPO Restricted Stock are subject to market-based vesting conditions and certain shares of Post-IPO Restricted Stock (including all shares
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
of 2016 Director Restricted Stock) are subject to time-based vesting conditions. Shares of Post-IPO Restricted Stock subject to time-based vesting conditions will vest over periods ranging from approximately one to six years. Shares subject to market-based vesting conditions have vested when, or will vest if, the Company’s TEV equals or exceeds certain predetermined thresholds. All shares of April 2016 Restricted Stock with market-based vesting conditions vested on July 28, 2016, when the Company’s TEV reached $2.65 billion. With respect to shares of 2015 Restricted Stock with market-based vesting conditions, 50% of the shares vested on August 1, 2016, when the Company’s TEV reached $2.65 billion, and the remaining 50% of the shares will vest if the Company’s TEV equals or exceeds $3.5 billion. There was a two-trading-day gap between the vesting of April 2016 Restricted Stock and the applicable portion of the 2015 Restricted Stock when the Company’s TEV reached $2.65 billion due to differences in the number of shares outstanding at the respective grant dates, which affected the TEV calculations. With respect to shares of October 2016 Restricted Stock subject to market-based vesting conditions, 50% of the shares will vest if the Company’s TEV equals or exceeds $3.9 billion and 50% of the shares will vest if the Company’s TEV equals or exceeds $4.2 billion. Shares of October 2016 Restricted Stock subject to market-based vesting conditions will be forfeited if they do not vest within six years of the date of grant while the remaining shares of 2015 Restricted Stock subject to market-based vesting conditions are eligible for vesting indefinitely.
The following table presents a summary of the grant-date fair values of Post-IPO Restricted Stock granted during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the related assumptions:
Compensation expense for the shares of Post-IPO Restricted Stock with time-based vesting conditions was measured based on the fair value of the underlying shares on the grant date (which was equal to the closing price of our common stock on such grant date) and will be recognized over the requisite service periods on a straight-line basis. Compensation expense for shares of Post-IPO Restricted Stock with market-based vesting conditions was measured based on the fair value of the underlying shares on the grant date, which ranged from $21.76 to $33.62. The fair value of each share of Post-IPO Restricted Stock with market-based vesting conditions was estimated on the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation model. This model considers a range of assumptions related to volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected life and expected dividend yield. Expected volatilities used in the model are based on historical volatilities of comparable guideline companies until a sufficient trading history in our common stock exists. We are required to estimate forfeitures and only record compensation costs for those awards that are expected to vest.
The Company recognized $9.9 million of compensation cost in connection with the vesting of 490,700 shares of April 2016 Restricted Stock on July 28, 2016 and $3.8 million of compensation cost in connection with the vesting of 234,350 shares of 2015 Restricted Stock on August 1, 2016. To satisfy tax withholding obligations with respect to the delivery of vested shares to certain employees, the Company withheld 199,128 shares of April 2016 Restricted Stock that vested on July 28, 2016 and 90,703 shares of 2015 Restricted Stock that vested on August 1, 2016, as well as 12,593 of the 37,047 shares of 2015 Restricted Stock with time-based vesting conditions that vested on July 8, 2016. All shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations are held as treasury stock.
Our total compensation expense related to Post-IPO Restricted Stock was $22.4 million and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There was $39.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to unvested shares of Post-IPO Restricted Stock outstanding as of December 31, 2016. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years as of December 31, 2016.
We capitalized stock-based compensation costs related to software developed for internal use of $1.8 million, $0.2 million and $4 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table presents non-cash stock-based compensation expense resulting from employee restricted common stock agreements and is presented in the following line items in the accompanying consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in thousands):
The following table presents a summary of the activity related to restricted stock for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:
10.
RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS
We paid rent on our Dallas office space in the amounts of $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Dallas office building is owned by 417 Oakbend, LP, a Texas limited partnership. Our Chief Sales Officer owned a .01% general partnership interest and a 10.49% limited partnership interest in 417 Oakbend, LP but sold his interest in 2016.
In accordance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement dated as of December 30, 2013, we paid $1.4 million of registration expenses and related legal fees on behalf of certain related parties in connection with the underwritten secondary offerings in May, September and November 2015. The Company’s Audit Committee approved the payment of such expenses and fees with respect to related parties.
11.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Employment Agreements
We have employment agreements with certain of our executive officers. The agreements allow for annual compensation, participation in executive benefit plans, and performance-based cash bonuses.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Incentive Plan
On May 2, 2016, our stockholders approved the Paycom Software, Inc. Annual Incentive Plan (the “Incentive Plan”). The Incentive Plan provides for payment of incentive compensation that is not subject to certain federal income tax deduction limitations. Participation in the Incentive Plan is limited to certain of our employees designated by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
Operating Leases and Deferred Rent
We lease office space under several noncancellable operating leases with contractual terms expiring from 2017 to 2023. Minimum rent expenses are recognized over the lease term. The lease term is defined as the fixed noncancellable term of the lease plus all periods, if any, for which failure to renew the lease imposes a penalty on us in an amount that a renewal appears, at the inception of the lease, to be reasonably assured. When a lease contains a predetermined fixed escalation of the minimum rent, we recognize the related rent expense on a straight-line basis and record the difference between the recognized rent expense and the amount payable under the lease as a liability. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $1.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively, recorded as a liability for deferred rent.
Future annual minimum lease payments under noncancellable operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of December 31, 2016 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Rent expense under operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $5.6 million, $4.4 million and $3.4 million, respectively.
Legal Proceedings
We are involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. Although we cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings, legal matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and there exists the possibility that the ultimate resolution of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
12.
INCOME TAXES
The items comprising income tax expense are as follows (dollars in thousands):
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
The following schedule reconciles the statutory Federal tax rate to the effective income tax rate:
Our effective income tax rate was 23% and 38% for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The lower effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2016 primarily resulted from the recognition of excess tax benefits from share-based payment awards due to the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-09. See Note 2 under Adoption of New Pronouncements for further discussion of ASU 2016-09.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (dollars in thousands):
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17 which we elected to early adopt on a retrospective basis. Previous to the issuance of ASU 2015-17, U.S. GAAP required an entity to separate deferred income tax assets and liabilities into current and noncurrent amounts. To simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes, this guidance requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent.
At December 31, 2016, we had net operating loss carryforwards for state income tax purposes of approximately $36 thousand which are available to offset future state taxable income that begin expiring in 2030.
At December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had no material unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions.
We file income tax returns with the United States federal government and various state jurisdictions. Our 2007 through 2016 U.S. federal and state income tax returns remain open to examination by tax authorities, due to the usage of net operating loss carryovers.
Paycom Software, Inc.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
13.
SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited)
The following tables set forth selected quarterly statements of income data for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
Item 9.
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A.
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, refers to controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to a company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. We believe, however, that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving desired control objectives, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud or error within a company, if any, have been detected.
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2016, the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K. Based upon such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 has been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report included below.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Paycom Software, Inc.
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Paycom Software, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, and our report dated February 21, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
February 21, 2017
Item 10.
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required in response to this Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 11.
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
The information required in response to this Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 12.
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required in response to this Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 13.
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required in response to this Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 14.
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required in response to this Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 15.
Item 15.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)
Documents filed as part of this Form 10-K
(1)
Consolidated Financial Statements: The following consolidated financial statements of Paycom Software, Inc., together with the report thereon, of Grant Thornton LLP, our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, are included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K:
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015
Consolidated Statements of Income, Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2)
Financial Statement Schedules: Financial statement schedules have been omitted as information required is inapplicable or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements and the related notes.
(3)
Exhibits:
The following exhibits are included herein or incorporated herein by reference:
+ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
* Filed herewith.
** The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 are not deemed “filed” with the SEC and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Paycom Software, Inc. under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date: February 21, 2017
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Date: February 21, 2017
/s/ Chad Richison
Chad Richison
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Craig E. Boelte
Craig E. Boelte
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ Jason D. Clark
Jason D. Clark
Director
/s/ Henry C. Duques
Henry C. Duques
Director
/s/ Robert J. Levenson
Robert J. Levenson
Director
/s/ Larry V. Parman
Larry V. Parman
Director
/s/ Frederick C. Peters II
Frederick C. Peters II
Director
/s/ J.C. Watts, Jr.
J.C. Watts, Jr.
Director