You are rapidly becoming my favorite human outside of the ones I know personally Lex. Thank you very much for elaborating on this concept (and the rest of your ongoing and important work). I often turn to thoughts on aliens as an escape hatch when I see humanity failing and have pessimistic thoughts. The numbers in your derivation and in my own much less diligent derivation bear out that no matter how bad we fuck up at least somewhere it is possible someone made it, and also, someone out there fucked up way worse than we did! Thank you again Lex. In the style of your vids I will part with a quote, one that fills me with purpose and hope: "You still stand watch, O human star, burning without a flicker, perfect flame, bright and resourceful spirit. Each of your rays a great idea - O torch which passes from hand to hand, from age to age, world without end." -Karel Capek