Fortunately if you see the law Apple and Google will immediately be Gatekeepers as they meet the criteria easily, very easy, although this doesn’t mean it all will be instant, the EU now that the law is passed will iniciate a process to identify the Gatekeepers and then communicate that decision to those companies and then they will give them time to comply, so at minimum Apple would be force by law to open their ecosystem in 2025 I expect,(reply>), Indeed! And add the bureaucratic delays and lawsuits it will be around 2030. It has already be said by EU parliament that the EU commision has not enough people to enforce it.