A smart grid is part of frequency stability, and less coal.<br>wind and solar have a max uptime of 30%, you could say the reliability/continuity  factor.<br><br>But to really get rid off the coal/oil and gas, you need a stable non-co² production that has small footprint and high uptime and can be regulate on output.<br><br>That is nuclear power,  and the best way to use nuclear is by using a molten-salt (thorium)  reactor.<br>Witch is in principle much a finer and more practical design then any solid fuel reactor design.