I’ve always wondered the effects of trauma on measured intelligence. We know that trauma greatly hinders brain development both on an individual, but I wonder since we see that trauma can be passed on through DNA generationally, that if long histories of traumatic oppression of particular people groups (race included) may be a factor in what seems like a less “intelligent” group of people.,(reply>), Trauma can only even be passed on to children. This has not been shown to have any effect on intelligence to any significant degree, or to differ across race.