Scotland has Universal Health care however when this study took place Scotland was very unequal blighted by poverty and class divides. Children were tested at 11, the exam was called the 11 +, if you passed you went to Grammar School and went down an Academic path. If you failed you went to a Comprehensive School where the focus was on more practical path. Those who attended Grammar School had better employment opportunities, which longer term affected general health and mortality figures. A disproportionate amount of middle class children attended Grammar school due to structural inequalities and disadvantage.