Study Finds Brain Stimulation May Improve Memory | Voice of America - English
Medical researchers in Canada say a brain stimulation procedure used to treat people with Parkinson's and other diseases could help restore the memory of dementia patients. The researchers stumbled upon the discovery when the technique unexpectedly brought back detailed memories in one patient.
Surgeons at Toronto Western Hospital had hoped that delivering electrical signals to a brain area called the hypothalamus would regulate the appetite of a 50-year-old morbidly obese man. The technique, called deep brain stimulation, uses a surgically-implanted device to shoot an electrical pulse into targeted areas of the brain while the patient remains conscious. Dr. Ali Rezai, of the Cleveland Clinic, explains, "The language of the brain is electricity. By applying electrical currents we can actually shut down different parts of the brain or activate different parts of the brain." But in the middle of the operation, something surprising happened. The patient suddenly experienced a flood of detailed memories from an incident decades before. "He reported he was in a park, that he was with his friends, he recognized the people and he recognized what they were saying. As we increased the intensity of the stimulation, more of the details filled in," says Dr. Andres Lozano. Later tests revealed the patient's memory improved while his brain was being stimulated. And after three weeks of constant stimulation, he performed significantly higher on learning tests. "This is the first time that this area of the brain has been implanted in that an effect on memory has been witnessed," Dr. Lozano said. Deep brain stimulation is most commonly used to treat movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, helping patients with severe tremors. It also can help victims of chronic pain and depression. With this new discovery, researchers are now testing the procedure as a way to restore memories in patients with Alzheimer's.