US Pivots Again, Renews Pressure on North Korea
Some analysts see a tactical advantage in new, more aggressive approach; others see an unclear policy.
SEOUL — President Donald Trump on Wednesday warned that the United States could at any time restart joint military exercises with South Korea and Japan if progress stalls on North Korean denuclearization and warned that “they will be far bigger than ever before.” Trump issued the White House statement Wednesday evening via Twitter, blaming China for difficulties in the U.S.-North Korea relationship. “President Donald J. Trump feels strongly that North Korea is under tremendous pressure from China because of our major trade disputes with the Chinese government. At the same time, we also know that China is providing North Korea with considerable aid, including money, fuel, fertilizer and various other commodities. This is not helpful!” he said in a series of tweets. A spokeswoman for China’s Foreign Ministry dismissed President Trump’s remarks as “irresponsible” and confusing Thursday. Hua Chunying told reporters in Beijing that the U.S. should first look at itself before casting blame on the impasse with Pyongyang. The president, however, also indicated that there is still a possibility for diplomatic progress because he “believes his relationship with Kim Jong Un is a very good and warm one,” and sees “no reason at this time” to spend money on joint military exercises with South Korea. At the Singapore Summit in June, Trump made the surprise decision to suspend the joint drills after Kim made a broad commitment to “work toward complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.” Trump’s tweets come a day after Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said the Pentagon is considering resuming joint military exercises with South Korea next year. Mattis told a Pentagon news conference that the suspension of drills this summer was a “good faith gesture” to North Korea, but that it is not an open-ended commitment. “We have no plans at this time to suspend any more exercises,” he said. But Mattis later clarified that no decisions had been made about major exercises for next year. “Our forces maintain a high state of military readiness and vigilance in full support of a diplomatically led effort to bring peace, prosperity and stability to the Korean Peninsula,” he said. Following the June summit, Trump lauded the Singapore agreement as a historical achievement and tweeted that “there is no longer a nuclear threat from North Korea.” Recently, however, the president canceled a planned visit to Pyongyang this week by U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, after publicly acknowledging for the first time that negotiations to end the North’s nuclear program have stalled over Pyongyang’s demand for front-loaded sanctions relief tied to small progress, and its opposition to Washington’s call for complete denuclearization prior to granting any concessions. The president blamed China for the lack of denuclearization progress, accusing Beijing of easing pressure on the Kim government by not strongly enforcing United Nations sanctions that block 90 percent of North Korea’s trade. The U.S. pivot to again pressure North Korea into taking concrete denuclearization measures has angered Pyongyang and Beijing, and could complicate Seoul’s efforts to reduce tensions on the Korean Peninsula through cooperation and economic engagement. Some Trump administration supporters see a tactical advantage in taking a more aggressive approach. “It really rattles South Korea, China and North Korea at the same time, and increases the leverage, strategic leverage, of the Trump administration,” said Bong Young-shik, a political analyst with the Yonsei University’s Institute for North Korean Studies in Seoul. Skeptics see the current impasse between Washington and Pyongyang as the result of Trump’s impetuous decision to meet with Kim before clear denuclearization goals were defined and an implementation plan developed. “So, this is where we are. I think this is what you get with non-strategic impatience,” said regional security analyst Daniel Pinkston with Troy University in Seoul. Pinkston contrasted former President Barack Obama’s strategic patience strategy that emphasized closely coordinating with Beijing and Seoul on North Korea sanctions, with what seems like Trump’s unpredictable strategic shifts that often surprises allies and adversaries. Pinkston and other analysts are also expressing concern that Trump may be taking a hard line against North Korea in part to shift media focus away from his growing domestic problems, the criminal prosecution of his former lawyer and past campaign manager, along with increasing prospects that the opposition Democratic Party will make significant gains in the November midterm legislative elections. South Korean President Moon Jae-in is expected to try to mediate the dispute between the U.S., and North Korea when he and Kim hold their third inter-Korean summit in Pyongyang in September. The two leaders first met in April on the South Korean side of the border area’s demilitarized zone. As an initial step toward denuclearization, Washington wants Pyongyang to declare the full extent of its nuclear arsenal and ballistic missile capabilities. Arms control experts estimate North Korea has between 20 and 60 nuclear warheads and thousands of missiles. Such a list, which would also likely reveal numerous hidden nuclear facilities, may help determine whether North Korea is prepared to be transparent and serious about arms reductions talks. North Korea, however, has demanded the U.S. and South Korea first issue a peace declaration to formally end hostilities and replace the armistice that has been in effect since the end of the Korean War. Critics worry a peace declaration could undermine the justification for the U.S. military presence in South Korea. President Moon supports a peace declaration and may try to negotiate a deal where Pyongyang agrees to release its nuclear arsenal list at the same time Washington signs the peace declaration. “The U.S. and North Korea should reach an agreement so that North Korea’s actions regarding denuclearization and the actions of the U.S. regarding the declaration of the end to war can be exchanged according to the principle of action for action,” said Kim Yong-hyun, a professor of North Korean studies at Dongguk University in Seoul. China has denied Trump’s criticism about lax enforcement of North Korean sanctions, despite media reports of increased smuggling along the border region. In contrast to improving relations between China and North Korea, Beijing has entered into a contentious trade war with Washington that may undermine cooperation efforts to enforce sanctions. “I don’t think there is any, you know, no sense of urgency to do the heavy lifting for the United States when it comes to North Korea and economic sanctions,” Pinkston said. At the same time, Kim Jong Un continues work to improve relations with his neighbors and his standing in the world community. There have been media reports that Chinese President Xi Jinping will visit Pyongyang for a military parade in September to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of North Korea. There has also been speculation about an upcoming Kim meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow, and possibly a trip to the U.N. General Assembly meeting later in September. “All these events favor North Korea in terms of further normalizing the North Korean dictator and painting North Korea as the peace-seeking party, while painting the Trump administration as the petulant party,” said Sung-Yoon Lee, a Korean studies specialist at Tufts University.