Abanothileyo beZimbabwe Bafihla Imali Zabo eBhanga leHSBC eSwitzerland
Lokhu kusengwalweni ezitholwe liphephandaba lakwele France ele Le Monte, lenkampani ye nhlanganiso yentathelizindaba eye ICIJ, ezisezandleni zeStudio 7.
WASHINGTON DC — Elinye lamabhanga amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele ele HSBC, libikwa lithole inzuzo enkulu ngokusebenzelana lezinye zezizalwane ze Zimbabwe eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edluleyo okucine kusengeza inhlupho zenotho ezivele zibhekane laleli lizwe. Lokhu kusengwalweni ezisezandleni zomsakazo we Studio7.​ Ingwalo lezi ezitholwe liphephandaba lakwele France ele Le Monte, lenkampani yentathelizindaba ze International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, ICIJ, okuyinhlanganiso elesigodlo sayo eWashington elamalunga emazweni edlula amatshumi ayisithupha -65 okugoqela i-Zimbabwe, zikhangela obe kusenzakala phakathi komnyaka ka2007 kuma accounts abantu lamankampani phose abangamakhulu amabili-198 abalobudlelwano lezizalwane zeZimbabwe loba abahlala kulelo lizwe abiza izigidi phose ezingamakhulu amathathu zamadollar-$272 million.​ Imbali yama accounts la iveza ukuba ibhanga le HSBC phakathi komnyaka ka2006 lo2007 lenelisa ukuphatha amabillion edlula kancane alikhulu amadollar-$102 billion eyayigciniswa ngabantu lamankampani emazweni edlula alikhulu emhlabeni jikelele -203 okugoqela eleZimbabwe.​ Ingcwethi emsebenzini wezamabhanga zithi ukusebenza kohlangothi lwebhanga le HSBC kwele Switzerland kuveza ukuba eminye yemisebenzi yaleli bhanga ingaba isephula imithetho ikakhulu ngokufihla izigidi lezigidi zamadollar ukuze abanikazi bengazihlawuleli imithelo emazweni ehlukeneyo womhlaba.​ Abakhokhelayo kulolu luhlu lwabaqila amazwe abo ngokungabhadali imithelo eZimbabwe, bagoqela abezombusazwe, odokothela, abaninibhizimusi, abalimi, abezemidlalo labanye abesifazana abaphansi kwesihloko sokuthi ngamakhosikazi angasebenziyo. Ekukhangelisiseni abesifazana laba ufumana ukuba laba ngabesifazana abangabaqondisi bamankampani amakhulu kanye lawenhlanganiso zezimali ama Trusts.​ Abezombusazwe bakwele Zimbabwe bagoqela owake waba yisiphathamandla sebandla le Zanu PF umnumzana Aguy Clement Georgias, umnikazi wenkampani yeTrinity Engineering, owayeyisiphathamandla sebutho engowe Zanu PF njalo, u-Air Marshal Josiah Tungamirayi; umdlali wecricket, uStuart David Robertson; umninibhizimusi umnumzana Frederick Mutanda, ongumginisihlalo wenkampani yeCaps Holdings kanye lemhuli yako Patel.​ UGeorgias, ole account esilotshwe ukuthi seyavalwa wafakwa kuluhlu lwabethulelwa izijeziso zenotho yinhlanganiso yeEuropean Union ngomnyaka ka 2007, kulandela ukuphiwa kwake isikhundla sokuba ngumsekeli kampathintambo wezokuthuthukiswa kwenotho yelizwe ngumongameli Robert Mugabe. Wacina ekhutshiwe kuluhlu lwabantu abaphansi kwezijeziso zenotho ngoNhlolanja 2011.​ Usomabhizimusi lo, wake wasa inhlanganiso ye EU emthethwandaba efuna ukuhlawulwa izigidi eziyisithupha zama Euro ngemva kokuncitshwa kwakhe iVisa yokwethekelela kwele Bhilithani ngomnyaka ka 2007. Umthethwandaba we EU wajikela khatshana udaba lwakhe.​ UGeorgias kazange adobe ucingo lwakhe lapho umsakazo we Studio7 uze umthinte ecingweni ngeSonto ukuze atsho ukuba liqiniso okusengwalweni lezi loba hatshi.​ Ingwalo lezi ziveza ukuba abanini bama accounts la babe qonda ukugada indizamtshina besiya eGeneva ukuya gcinisa loba ukuthatha imali. Ngezinye zezikhathi ibhanga leHSBC libikwa lalicebisa abantu laba indlela zokubalekela ukuhlawula imithelo emazweni abo.​ Njengomsekeliso ngoZibandlela womnyaka ka 2005 esinye isizalwane seZimbabwe (esile bizo esilalo) sahlangana lesiphathamandla se HSBC eCape Town kwele South Africa sacetshiswa indlela yokuthatha ingxenye yesigidi samadollar -$500 000.00 yokufakela umntwana kuaccount yakhe. Lumuntu wacetshiswa ukuthi athuthise umntwana ukuze ayehlala e California kwele Melika esenza angani uyaqhuba ibhizimusi kayise yokuthenga lokuthengisa izindlu khonale. ​ Okumunyethwe zingwalo lezi zokukhulumisana phakathi kwebhanga leli lababegcinisa imali kilo kuzaphuma esigabeni sesibili salolu daba, okugoqela izimali zankona ezazigcinisiwe. ​ Owake waba ngumpathintambo wezemali umnumzna Tendai Biti, uthi ukuphatheka kwabe Zimbabwe kuhlelo lokugcinisa imali pandle kwelizwe olwe offshore banking kuveza sobala ukuthi lokhu kwakusenziwa nsitha njalo kusephula imithetho yelizwe ngoba ngaleso sikhathi ilizwe lalibhekane lobunzima obukhulu ngakhokhe kwakungelula ukuphumisa imali loba ukuyingenisa elizweni ibhanga elikhulu lelizwe ele Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe lingakwazi.​ UBiti, oyingcwethi kwezemiththo ngoba eligqwetha uthi umnotho wawusuwonakele okokuthi wawusugaqa ngamadolo ngalesi sikhathi kusenzekala imicimbicimbi yokufihla imali enengi kangaka. Imali enengi ngaleso sikhathi uthi yayidlalela emikhambo yomkhotho ngakhoke kwakungelula ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Lanxa kungela mththo owalisa abe Zimbabwe ukuvula ama accounts emabhanga akwamanye amazwe, umthetho kodwa uthi kumele izizalwane zazo zibike inzuzo etholakala emithelweni ezalwa yilawo ma account lapho sebeloba ingwalo zemithelo zama tax returns.​ Ekuphnduleni lapho libuzwa koke lokhu zintathelizindaba ze ICIJ ibhanga le HSBC, elile sigodlo salo edolobheni le London kwele Bhilithani njalo lilamahofisi emazweni womhlaba edlula amatshumi ayhisikhombisa-74, livumile ukuba ukulondoloza imfihlo yabanini bama accounts kudala lokulondolozwa kemithetho kwakungaqinanga njengakhathesi.​ Ibhanga le HSBC lithi okwamanje selathatha amanyathelo aqinileyo eminyakeni esanda kwedlula yokugula izibopho zokusebenza ibona ukuthi imisebenzi yalo kayephuli ilungelo loluntu kanye lemithetho yemazweni ehlukeneyo okugoqela ukungaphazanyiswa kwemithetho yokubuthanisa imali ngemithelo. ​ Liqhubeka lisithi leli bhanga, amanyathelo la asenze ukuthi lehlise inani labantu lamankampani abagcinisa kilo imali ngesilinganiso sokungmatshumi ayisikhombisa ekhulwini-70% kusukisela ngomnyaka ka 2007.​ Esinye isiphathamandla seZanu PF esingathandanga ukuvezwa igama siveze ukuba umuntu wonke uyakwazi ukuthi udubo lokugugudeka komnotho eZimbabwe akubangelwanga kuphela yizibopho zokudinda imali engela sisindo okwakusenziwa ngowayengusibalukhulu webhanga elikhulu lelizwe, uDoctor Gideon Gono kodwa lokusilela kwemali yakwamanye amazwe yokuthenga izinto zokusebenzisa emafekithalini ukulungisa izinto.​ Isiphathamandla lesi siqhubeka sisithi imali le evezwa libhanga le HSBC kuhlangothi lwalo lwe Switzerland yincosana nje yezimali ezingafika phose kubomabillion amahlanu amadollar eyayifihlwa ngabe Zimbabwe kuzoba leyinye eyayifihlwa emazweni abalisa kubo South Africa, ezihlengeni zeVirgin and Cayman Islands, Guernsey, Mauritius, Seychelles, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, China lase Dubai.​ Sithi njalo lesi siphathamandla abantu be Zimbabwe ngabanye babantu abale silinganiso esiphezulu sokungabi lethemba lelizwe labo njalo abalobuqili obukhaliphileyo okwamagama nxa kukhangelwa indaba zemali. Uthi nxa benganikwa ithuba bangalithengisa ilizwe bayefihla inzuzo abayithol lapho khatshana leZimbabwe. ​ Lumsakao awenelisanga ukuthola imbono kampathintambo wezemali umnumazana Patrick Chinamasa. Owake waba ngusibalukhulu weReserve Bank of Zimbabwe uGono laye ube engabambeki encingweni zakhe zikamakhalekhukhwini.​ Ibhanga leHSBC lahlawuliswa amadollar phose amabillion amabili-$1,9billion ngomnyaka ka 2012 lidale le Senate lakwele Melika ngemva kokufunyanwa lile cala lokuvuma ukugciniswa imali ngosomabhizimusi bemisebenzi emibi yokuthengisa okudakayo.