WHO: Ukuphefumula Umoya Olentuthu yeGwayi Elibhenywa Ngomunye Kuyingozi
Kulenkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisithupha ababikwa besifa ngokuhotsha lintuthu bona bengabhemi phakathi kwwabayizigidi eziyisithupha – 6million zababulawa yikubhema igwayi
HARARE — Abenhlanganiso ebona ngezempilakahle emhlabeni jikelele iWorld Health Organisation baveza ukuba ukuphefumula umoya olentuthu yegwayi elibhenywa ngomunye, kuyingozi ephindiweyo kulowo ongabhemiyo ukwedlula umabhema. Lokhu bathi kubangela ukulahlekelwa yimpilo kwenkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisithupha-600,000 zalabo abahotsha lintuthu bona bengabhemi phakathi kwenani phose izigidi eziyisithupha – 6million zababulawa yikubhema igwayi ngomnyaka umhlaba wonke jikelele. Inhlolisiso enziwa ngomnyaka ka 2005 phezu kwesimo sokubhenywa kwegwayi elizweni, ibikwa yaveza sobala ukuba liyaqansa inani lababhemayo ikakhulu kwabasakhulayo, yikho abeWHO bekhankasela ukusungulwa kwendlela yokubekela amankampani aweZimbabwe imithelo ephezulu ngendlela yokwenqabela ukuqansa kwenani labontanga ababhemayo ukuze bacine bengasayanelisi intengo yalo. Ummeli we WHO kuleli u Dr David Okello uthi abakubhizimusi lokulungisa igwayi bayalikhankasela ngendlela ekhuthaza ontanga ukuthi balihawukele besebeqala ukulibhema besesebancinyane kuze kuthi lowo muntu esemdala. U Dr Okello uthi ukubhenywa kwegwayi,okubalisa ukuhotsha intuthu ethunqayo loba ukuyiphefumula duzane lobhemayo, igwayi lamakhala lelidliwayo kuyingozi enkulu kwezempilakahle, yikho abe WHO bekhuthaza amazwe womhlaba ukuba abekele amankampani la umthelo ophezulu. Amazwe abalisa eleZimbabwe angalandela lokho okutshiwo ngabe WHO ukubeka leyo mithelo, kubikwa kungaphathisa ekuthini behluleke ukulifinyelela igwayi ontanga ngoba selizabiza intengo ephezulu. Kunhlolisiso eyenziwa ngabe WHO ngomnyaka ka 2012 uOkello uthi abamankampani bangabekelwa umthelo oyisilinganiso sokungamatshumi amahlanu ekhulwini – 50%, kungaphathisa ukwehlisa inani labalahlekelwa yimpilo kwababhemayo. Ohulumende balamazwe labo babikwa bengaphathiseka ngokuthola imali yomthelo lanxa ekubeka sobala ukuba abakubhizimusi legwayi bengayi kuvumelana lalombono wabe WHO wokuhlawula imali yomthelo ngoba bona betshumayela ilizwi elehluke labezempilakahle njengoba besazi ukuba kuzaphazamisa ibhizimusi labo elizaphetha selehlile. Lokhu kugcizelelwe ngumcebisi kamongameli kwezempilakahle uDr Timothy Stamps othi kuyinto edanisayo ukuba igwayi liphazamisa impilakahle yabatsha nxa lingasasetshenziswanga ngendlela ethi yikho kuqakathekile ukubavikela engozini. U Stamps uthi lalokho okulotshwa emaphakethini egwayi ukuba intanga ethize ingavunyelwa ukulibhema, balibhema nsuku zonke abaleminyaka engaphansi kwelitshumi lasitshiyagalo mbili. Ethi lokulinywa kwalo kuyingozi enkulu ngoba kubangela inkangala njengoba inengi labalilimayo bengasazihluphi ukuyathenga amalahle eHwange okumele bawasebenzise ukomisa igwayi labo asebegamula izihlahla mahlayana beqeda amagusu okuphazamisa imvelo. Kuthi njalo ukwanda kwabalimi abatsha asebelima igwayi sekubangela ukuphazaimiseka kwempilo yabantwana uStamps athi yibo asebeqatshwa ukusebenza emasimini la egwayi okuyikwephula ilungelo labo – iChild Labour njengoba bazabe bengasayi esikolo. Udubo lomkhuhlane othiwa Green Tobbacco Sickness obamba abantwana ngoba behlaselwa yi nicotin etholakala emahlamvini egwayi ngesikhathi lisesemasimini ngoba bengelazo izembatho ezibavikela kulokho kungenye yengozi u Stamps athi ibangelwa yikulinywa kogwayi kuleli lizwe. Uhulumende laye uyavuma ukuthi kumqotho ukuba seliqongile inani lababhemayo nxa kukhangelwa inhlolisiso eyenziwe ngomnyaka ka 2006 ye Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey ( ZDH ), ebika ukuba isilinganiso sokulitshumi lambili ekhulwini - 12% sikazulu elizweni engobhema igwayi njalo inengi kungontanga besilisa. Umsekeli kamphathintambo wezempilakahle, uDr Paul Chimedza uthi uyawusekela umbono wabe WHO, phezu kokulondolozwa kwempilakahle kazulu, lokuthi lawo mankampani akubhizimusi legwayi abekelwe imithelo ephezulu. Lindlela u Chimedza uthi izaphathisa ukulondoloza impilo yabantu njengoba abangabhemiyo bezahle besabele katshana ukuqala ukubhema ngoba bengenelisi intengo yalo. Kuthi lalabo ababekade bebhema kodwa sebayekela bangaze babuyela ekulibhemeni, lalabo ababhemayo bahle bazame ukuliyekela ngoba selidula ukulithenga. Umsekeli wohlangothi lwemikhuhlane yenqondo, unkosikazi Shelly Sithole uthi uyasekela ukubekelwa imithelo kwamankampani akubhizimusi legwayi ethi ngoba imali yakhona kuyiyo ezakuphinde iphathise ukwelapha ababhemayo ngesikhathi sebegula sebedinga usizo ezibhedlela. Uthi loludubo kungasi lokubhema kuphela lapho uSithole aveze ukuba lokudakayo okutshiyeneyo lakho sekuludubo kubontanga athi kuyingozi enkulu hatshi kibo kuphela kodwa lakuntuthuko yelizwe. Umkhokheli wehlanganiso yabakubhizimusi lokuthengisa imithi i Pharmacitical Society of Zimbabwe umnumzana Dothan Moyo uxwayisa uzulu ukuba ananzelele phezu kwengozi ekhona kokubhenywayo kanye lokudakayo. Abezempilo bathi olunye udubo yikuba eminye yemihlobo yokudakayo lokhu kungeniswa elizweni ngendlela ezingayisizo njalo lezi zigilamkhuba zikhekheleza abezomthetho, zisebenzelana labathengisa imithi ama Pharmacist njengoba zisanelisa ukubalekela uhlangothi lukahulumende olubona ngezokungena kwemithi olwe Drug Control. Kodwa u Moyo uxwayisa abamankampani enza lokho ukuba behlukane lalowo mkhuba wokusebenzelana labephula umthetho laba wathembisa ukuba abenhlanganiso yakhe bezaluhluzisisa lolo daba. Uzulu we Harare ongabhemiyo yena ukhala ngababhema igwayi ndawana yonke ethi ngoba uyazi ukuba kuphazamisa impilakahle yakhe. Umnumzana Jeffrey Moyo oyintathelizindaba ukhuthaza uhulumende ukuba abeke umthetho ovimba ababhemayo ukubhemela ndawana yonke kodwa baye endaweni ezilungiselwe lokho hatshi ukwenza lokho mahlayana njenglokho okukhona okwamanje. Abe WHO bathi ubufakazi obukhona enhlolisisweni eyenziwa eZimbabwe ngomnyaka ka 2005 phezu kwesimo sokubhenywa kwegwayi, iveza ukuqansa kwenani lababhemayo ngesilinganiso phose sokungamatshumi amathathu lantathu ekhulwini – 33%, inengi labo kungabasakhulayo njalo kungabesilisa.