Congo: Amahoro Azagorana Ariko ngo Azagerwaho - 2002-11-05
<br><b><font face="arial" size="2">Amahanga ngo azabigiramo uruhare; gusa ngo ahugiye m'ukurwana n'ibyihebe</font></b>
Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yuzuye ubukungu kamere butangira ingano. Ibamo amabuye ya cobalt, umuringa, diyama, zahabu, n’ubutare, ndetse na peteroli. Icyo abahanga benshi bahurizaho hirya no hino ku isi kandi ngo ni uko Afurika itazatera imbere Congo itabanje gutungana, ngo ibemo umutekano. Kuba Abanyecongo bashobora kwihanganira ububare uko babwihanganiye kugeza ubu, bakaba bose banagifite ikizere ko igihugu cyabo kizongera kigasubirana, ngo bizagira uruhare rukomeye m’ukubaka Congo yo mu bihe biri imbere. Congo ubundi ifite ubushobozi bwo kwiteza imbere no guteza imbere ibindi bihugu by’Afurika kubera ubwo butunzi bwose. Gusa ibyo ntibiyibuza kuba mu bihugu byanyuma bikennye cyane ku isi. Ku bihugu 173 byo ku isi, Congo iri ku mwanya wa 155 mu rwego rw’amajyambere. Amateka ya Congo yaranzwe n’ingorane kuva yakwigenga muri 1960 na mbere yaho. Porofeseri Robert Rotberg wigisha kuri Kaminuza ya Harvard akubutse muri Afurika yo hagati. Avuga ko Congo yatangiye kumererwa nabi cyane cyane muri za 80 ubwo nyakwigendera Perezida Mobutu yatangiraga gusahura icyo gihugu, arundanya miriyari zisaga 10 z’amadolari mu mabanki yo mu Busuwisi n’ahandi. Porofeseri Rotberg yongeraho ko hari igihe Abanyecongo n’amahanga bigeze kwizera ko ibintu byari hafi guhinduka muri Congo, muri cya gihe nyakwigendera Perezida Laurent Kabila yahirikaga Mobutu muri 1997. Ikibazo cya Congo, ngo ni uko nta rwego cyangwa inzego za poritiki zigaragara igihugu gishobora kwisanasaniraho. Uretse n’ibyo kandi, amahanga ngo ntarekura amafaranga yo kubikora. General Mobutu yategekesheje Congo igitugu mu gihe cy’imyaka 32 yose kugeza aho Laurent Kabila amuhirikiye. Laurent Kabila, wagiyeho yizeza Abanyecongo amahoro na demokarasi, na we yaje guhinduka umunyagitugu nka Mobutu, intambara yo kumurwanya iza kurota mu kwezi kwa 8 muri 1998. Kuva iyo ntambara yatangira, imaze guhitana abantu bagera kuri miriyoni 3, no gutuma abagera kuri miriyoni 2 bahunga. Abaturanyi ba Congo biroshye muri iyo ntambara, Urwanda na Uganda bishyigikiye abarwanya guverinoma y’i Kinshasa, na ho Zimbabwe na Namibia n’Angola bishyigikiye guverinoma. Imirwano yarakomeje irenze ku masezerano y’amahoro ya Lusaka ya mbere yo muri 1999, kugeza mu mwaka ushize ubwo Laurent Kabila yicwaga n’umwe mu bamurindaga, agasimburwa n’umuhungu we Joseph Kabila. Steve Morrison ayobora Umushinga w’Afurika m’umuryango Center for Strategic and International Studies. Yibutsa ko Joseph Kabila, n’ubwo yari umusore w’imyaka 29, yatunguye benshi ahindura guverinoma se yari amusigiye, na poritiki za se zimwe akazisezeraho. Ibyo byose ngo byatumye amahanga n’Abanyecongo benshi bamwizera kandi mu gihe gitoya. Morrison avuga ko akajagari muri Congo kakiri kwose n’ubwo Perezida Kabila agerageza gusanasana igihugu cye. Congo ngo nta guverinoma nyayo ifite. N’abategetsi bayo kandi na bo ngo ntibafashije. Ingabo za Congo ngo zisa nk’aho nta cyo zimaze. Morrison akibaza rero ukuntu ubusugire bwa Congo buzarindwa mu gihe igisirikari cyayo ari nk’icy’iziina gusa. Ngo nta kundi bizagenda uretse kwumvikana mu rwego rwa poritiki, nko mu mishyikirano irimo kubera muri Afurika y’Epfo muri ino minsi. Morrison avuga ko kuzumvikanisha Abanyecongo muri Afurika y’Epfo atari ikibazo cyoroshye, cyane cyane ko imitwe RCD na MLC irwanya guverinoma y’i Kinshasa bashaka ubutegetsi buhwanye n’uko ubutaka bigaruriye bungana. K’urundi ruhande ariko, Abanyecongo bose ngo barambiwe intambara, bakaba bashaka ko irangira bwangu. Ikiza icyakora ngo ni uko ingabo z’amahanga zamaze kuva muri Congo, k’uburyo Abanyecongo noneho bashobora kwicarira gucoca ibibazo byabo nta kirogoya. Uretse n’ibyo kandi, Herman Cohen wahoze yungirije uwari ushinzwe Afurika muri Departement ya Leta hano i Washington, avuga ko amahanga na yo ashobora kubigiramo uruhare. Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Banki y’isi yose, Amerika ndetse n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’i Burayi ngo bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye m’ukumvikanisha Abanyecongo. Umuryango w’Abibumbye ngo wabumbatira umutekano, cyane cyane mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, na ho abo bandi bagafasha m’ugutangira ibikorwa byo gusanasana Congo, nko kubaka amashuri, amavuriro n’ibindi. Ibyo bitabaye, ngo nta bwo Congo ishobora gupfa yigenze cyangwa ngo igendere kuri demokarasi. Gusa hari impungenge ko Congo itari mu bibazo by’isi byihutirwa muri iki gihe, ahanini kubera intambara n’ibyihebe. Kimwe mu bindi bibazo bizaba ingorabahizi ngo ni ukubonera Abanyecongo imirimo, kubafasha kwihaza no kubabonera umutekano, ahanini kubera ko ubukungu bwa Congo bugeze k’ubuce nk’imbagwa.