text: Appendix C
  other encircled forces can move through. The rupture force must have sufficient strength to penetrate the
  enemy force’s position. This force must use surprise, mobility, and firepower to achieve a favorable combat
  power ratio over the enemy force at the point of attack.
  C-41. Initially, the rupture force is the main effort. The attack occurs where the unit anticipates a successful
  rupture of the enemy force’s inner ring, which facilitates subsequent operations by enabling the unit to attack
  enemy units from their flanks and rear. The rupture force unit probably has additional attached assets, such
  as additional maneuver forces and engineers. The unit should integrate these assets to achieve the rupture.
  C-42. The follow and assume force follows the rupture attack and is committed to maintain the momentum
  of the attack and seize objectives past the rupture. After the rupture force seizes a gap in the enemy
  encirclement, the follow and assume force normally main effort until completing linkup operations with
  another friendly force. When a unit receives a follow and assume mission in a breakout, its commander must
  coordinate closely with the rupture force commander regarding the location of the gap, the enemy situation
  at the rupture point, and the enemy situation, if known, along the direction of attack past the rupture point.
  The commander does not assign this force supporting shaping tasks, such as clear routes and fix bypassed
  enemy forces, if those tasks dissipate its available combat power. If executing these support tasks is vital to
  the success of the breakout and resources permit, then the unit designates a separate follow and support force
  to perform these tasks.
  C-43. The main body consists of the main command post, the bulk of encircled sustainment assets, the unit’s
  casualties, and some functional and multifunctional support assets. It contains combat forces not required for
  other missions and has sufficient combat power to protect itself. The overall commander places one
  subordinate commander in charge of the various elements of the main body to ensure orderly movement.
  Typically, the main body establishes a flank security force that deploys once the main body passes through
  the point of penetration and performs a flank screen or guard mission for the main body.
  C-44. The rear guard consists of Soldiers and equipment left on the perimeter to provide protection for the
  rupture attack and any supporting efforts, such as deception forces. Forces left in contact must conduct a
  vigorous delaying operation on the perimeter so that the enemy force cannot isolate any portion of the rear
  guard. Under a single commander, the rear guard protects the main body from attack while it moves from the
  area. In addition to providing security, the rear guard deceives the enemy forces about the intentions of the
  encircled force, simulating its activities until the main body clears the gap.
  C-45. A reserve primarily aims to retain flexibility through offensive action. The unit makes every attempt
  to keep a small portion of the encircled force uncommitted for employment at the decisive moment to ensure
  the breakout’s success. The unit may be unable to establish a separate reserve force because of the need to
  resource either the rupture force, the follow and assume force, or the rear guard. In this event, the unit assigns
  and prioritizes various be-prepared missions to the follow and assume force.
  C-46. A successful diversion is important to the success of any breakout operation. If the diversion fails to
  deceive the enemy commander regarding the intentions of the encircled force, the enemy commander could
  direct the enemy’s full combat power at the rupture point. On the other hand, the deception force may rupture
  the enemy’s lines. If a rupture occurs, the diversion force commander follows the intent of the commander
  of the encircled force. The encircled force commander may choose to exploit the success of forces conducting
  a diversion, or the commander may have to disengage them for use elsewhere in the breakout attempt.
  CONTROL MEASURES FOR A BREAKOUT
  C-47. At a minimum, units use boundaries, a LD or line of contact, a time of the attack, phase lines, an axis
  of advance or direction of attack, objectives, and a limit of advance to control and synchronize breakouts.
  Units only impose those control measures necessary to synchronize operations.
  PLANNING A BREAKOUT
  C-48. The encircled commander initiates a breakout attack as quickly as possible after encirclement by enemy
  forces. At this time, enemy forces are normally also somewhat disorganized, and they may not respond in a
  coordinated manner. Commanders should initiate a breakout attack even though detailed combat information
  about the enemy force’s dispositions is probably not available. The enemy force probably has not yet brought