text: Chapter 4
  any perceived advantage that might result from employing weapons of mass destruction. To do so,
  commanders and staffs must continuously assess, protect, and mitigate the effects of adversary chemical,
  biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons use and contamination hazards. They must train under
  simulated weapons of mass destruction conditions. When under threat of nuclear attack, commanders must
  balance the risk of dispersing forces to mitigate the impact of nuclear effects across their AO against the
  ability to concentrate sufficient combat power to achieve objectives. In a chemically contaminated
  environment, a commander’s decision-making ability is complicated by the effects on Soldier stamina,
  reaction times, and sustainment. Each of these environments requires unique actions to ensure a formation’s
  ability to maneuver, fight, and sustain operations. (See ATP 3-90.40 for more information on countering
  weapons of mass destruction.)
  HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE
  4-54. USAID is the lead U.S. government agency, responsible to the Secretary of State, for administering
  civilian foreign aid and providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. USAID often works in concert
  with Army forces when Soldiers are tasked to provide assistance. It can supplement forces conducting civil
  affairs operations that the DOD conducts to build relationships and win the trust, confidence, and support of
  local populations. One example of a successful humanitarian assistance operation occurred during an Ebola
  outbreak in Liberia in 2014.
  Liberia: OPERATION UNITED ASSISTANCE
  In October 2014, a joint force comprised of 3,000 Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, and
  Marines deployed to Liberia to help contain and eradicate the Ebola virus. The 101st
  Airborne Division (Air Assault) served as the joint task force (JTF) headquarters during
  this operation. The 101st worked with the government of Liberia, the U.S. Embassy,
  United States Army Africa, USAID, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
  Prevention, and the U.S. Public Health Service. USAID was the lead federal agency.
  Army units helped build and supported 17 Ebola treatment centers across Liberia.
  Army forces trained 1,500 health care workers, and a logistic system was established
  that provided medical supplies and building materials. As a result of the rapid response
  and achieving unity of effort, Liberia went from 80 new cases of Ebola a day to being
  declared Ebola-free within seven months.
  ROLES OF ARMY ECHELONS DURING COMPETITION
  4-55. Theater armies, including their assigned theater-echelon commands and brigades, perform essential
  functions during competition to achieve national objectives while deterring adversary malign action. Corps,
  divisions, and brigade combat teams (BCTs) are crucial to the execution of operations, activities, and tasks
  during competition. These forces may support SFA or FID by participating in multinational exercises and
  conducting humanitarian and other civil-military operations, development assistance, and training exchanges.
  Army forces at corps and lower echelons directly engage with partner forces, governmental and
  nongovernmental organizations, and civilian populations to accomplish missions, build rapport, and improve
  conditions that promote stability.
  Note. The organizations listed in paragraphs 4-56 through 4-96 have critical roles during
  competition. Numerous other organizations also provide important contributions.
  THEATER ARMY ROLES DURING COMPETITION
  4-56. The theater army is the primary Army organization that plans, prepares, and oversees the execution of
  activities conducted by Army forces during competition and assesses the results of these activities. It supports
  and enables the CCDR’s pursuit and maintenance of operational access critical to achieving advantages