text: Army Space Capabilities
  * Three-dimension position information (latitude, longitude, and altitude) accurate up to 5 meters;
  * Velocity within a fraction of a mile per hour;
  * Support to an unlimited number of users and areas.
  3-14. Only DOD-approved GPS receivers must be used for Army or joint operations. All DOD combatant
  users must use GPS precise positioning service systems. Users must be aware commercial GPS receivers do
  not offer the same performance or protection that military receivers provide. In order to provide the best anti-
  jam protection, military receivers must be loaded with the latest communications security key.
  3-15. GPS signals enable precision targeting and fires from stand-off distances with increased lethality and
  reduced collateral damage, precise troop movement and maneuver, and communication. It fosters extended
  operational reach, control of the operational tempo, and enhanced command and control. GPS data is a
  mission essential element in many weapon systems and combat operations. It enables FFT, unmanned aerial
  systems, space-based surveillance and reconnaissance support for situational understanding, and many other
  functions. Precision timing enhances the Army’s the ability to synchronize tactical digital networks,
  communications, and wide area networking capabilities.
  3-16. GPS systems is particularly useful in featureless or obscured terrain. It allow precise maneuver
  without sighting specific geographic features. Soldiers can rendezvous to join or support other troops using
  waypoints.
  3-17. The use of GPS is prolific for determining personnel location and for weapon system applications.
  GPS signals can be received and the calculations made in a highly dynamic environment, so the GPS receiver
  and processing equipment can be used in precision-guided munitions as a means to increase their accuracy.
  GPS is integrated in equipment such as field artillery cannon and rocket systems and munitions that
  significantly increase delivery accuracy. A few examples of munitions which use GPS for guidance include
  the Army Tactical Missile System, the Multiple Launch Rocket System, and Excalibur 155 millimeter
  artillery ammunition. The GPS components in missiles and projectiles enable in-flight corrections that
  significantly improve accuracy over ballistic projectiles or munitions using only inertial guidance.
  3-18. Precision munitions require greater accuracy. Therefore, GPS receiver equipment is sometimes
  coupled with a terrain matching system, terminal homing device, or automatic target recognition capability
  to increase accuracy. This facilitates target destruction with smaller or fewer munitions while reducing
  collateral damage. It also enables strikes in direct support of combat action executed closer to friendly
  positions. Employment of GPS-aided munitions can assist in reducing fratricide and collateral damage. GPS-
  aided delivery allows for smaller warheads, thus increasing the range of the weapon.
  3-19. Offensive and defensive operations are enhanced with precision navigation aids. The GPS signal can
  be used in stability operations to maintain a distance buffer between opposing forces in a truce or stand-down
  situation. Marking the coordinates for a demarcation line makes it easier for forces on both sides to remain
  on their own side of the demarcation line. Surveying demarcation lines and marking them with GPS-surveyed
  locations help forces with GPS receivers to avoid inadvertently crossing these lines.
  3-20. The GPS signal is susceptible to electromagnetic interference because the EMS is congested, and
  GPS operates on specified frequencies which cannot be changed.
  SPACE CONTROL
  3-21. Space control enables freedom of action in the space domain for the U.S. and its allies, defeats efforts
  to interfere with U.S. and multinational space systems, and denies a threat actor freedom of action in the
  space domain. Space control can be used to deny communications and propaganda tools (such as satellite
  television and satellite radio) to enemy leadership. The three components of space control are DSC, OSC,
  and NAVWAR.
  DEFENSIVE SPACE CONTROL
  3-22. DSC is the actions taken to protect friendly SATCOM and other space capabilities from attack,
  interference, unauthorized intrusions, and hazards. DSC is focused on responding to man-made threats which
  may affect the terrestrial and space systems. DSC actions safeguard assets from hazards such as space debris,