text: Risk
  Risk management steps Operations process activities
  20 October 2016 FM 3-52 A-3
  Assessing Step 1-Identify the hazards Planning
  Step 1-Assess the hazards Planning
  Step 1-Develop controls and make risk decisions Planning and preparing
  Step 1-Implement controls Planning, preparing, and executing
  Step 1-Supervise and evaluate Planning and executing
  Figure A-1. Risk management aligned with the operations process
  PLAN
  A-10. In the planning phase, steps one and two of the risk management process provide the structure and
  situational awareness necessary to develop a sound course of action and plans. Only then can a stated mission
  or purpose be accomplished within a predetermined level of risk. When planning operations, commanders’
  efforts involve risk management tools and processes to assess and mitigate risk. If no airspace users risked
  interfering with other airspace users, no requirement for airspace control would exist.
  A-11. In step one, airspace control working group personnel identify potential hazards by using the standard
  mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available and civil considerations
  (known as METT-TC) format. Personnel identify the potential hazards in the airspace above the AO that they
  could encounter while accomplishing a mission, event, or operation. For example, hazards they identify
  include physical hazards (such as wires or structures), firing unit locations and procedures, air defense unit
  locations and procedures, or misapplication of appropriate airspace coordinating measures. Poor choices and
  decisions on using the available airspace preclude its efficient utilization by airspace users and jeopardize
  mission accomplishment.
  A-12. In step two, airspace control working group personnel assess potential hazards and assign risks in terms
  of probability and severity of adverse impact on an event or occurrence. This step considers the risk or
  likelihood of an event or incident adversely influencing a mission, capabilities, people, equipment, or
  property. Commanders ask what the odds or probability are of something going wrong and what effects
  (severity) follow the incident if it does occur. When considering severity, consider the use of unmanned
  systems and the commander’s acceptance of risk to valuable equipment in order to mitigate risks to manned
  platforms or targets. As an example, the commander must clarify their authority and willingness to provide
  timely fires through a UAS ROZ in support of friendly troops in contact.
  A-13. In these first two steps, airspace element personnel identify and assess hazards. They also analyze the
  plan’s complexity using the density, diversity, duration, and promptness categories. Density refers to the
  number of airspace users a unit will control or will integrate in the airspace over the AO. Diversity accounts
  for the different types of airspace users (manned/unmanned aircraft systems, artillery, and air and missile
  defense) and organizations (joint forces, coalition forces, or civil airspace users) that use the airspace.
  Duration accounts for how long users will require the level of airspace control. For example, will it require
  augmentation of airspace element personnel for a long duration high-density airspace control zone.
  Promptness is the amount of time needed to integrate a new airspace user safely into the airspace.
  A-14. Density, diversity, duration, and promptness provide a tool for looking at a unit’s mission and
  determining the complexity of the airspace control. Commanders and staffs assess information derived from
  the density, diversity, duration, and promptness (along with hazards and associated risks) during mission
  analysis, course of action development, and course of action analysis. Commanders and staffs consider
  mission- and non-mission- related aspects that may have an impact. This assessment results in an initial
  estimate of risk for each identified hazard expressed in four terms. Airspace users rate the risk with extremely
  high, high, moderate, or low as determined from the standardized application of the risk assessment matrix.