text: Chapter 1
  Army Aviation’s Role in Unified Land Operations
  SECTION I – UNIFIED LAND OPERATIONS
  1-1. Unified land operations are simultaneous offensive, defensive, stability, or Defense Support of Civil
  Authorities’ (DSCA) tasks to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative to shape the OE; prevent conflict;
  consolidate gains; and win our nation’s wars as part of unified action (ADP 3-0). Army Aviation integrates
  into unified land operations by conducting air-ground operations as the aviation maneuver force of the
  combined arms team. Air-ground operations (AGO) are the simultaneous or synchronized employment
  of ground forces with aviation maneuver and fires to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative.
  Employing the combined and complimentary effects of air and ground maneuver and fires through AGO
  presents the enemy with multiple dilemmas: increasing combat power, mission effectiveness, agility,
  flexibility, and survivability of the entire combined arms team. AGO ensure that all members of the
  combined arms team, whether on the ground or in the air, work toward common and mutually supporting
  objectives to meet the higher commander’s intent.
  1-2. Effective AGO requires the full integration of aviation and ground maneuver as a combined arms
  team. As a key component of the ground scheme of maneuver, Army Aviation achieves interdependence
  with ground forces through shared understanding of the operational environment, an integrated or
  synchronized scheme of maneuver and fires, clearly defined triggers and conditions for employment,
  shared understanding of the commander’s intent, clear command and support relationships, and clearly
  defined roles and responsibilities that maximize the capabilities of each element of the combined arms
  team, while offsetting the others’ limitations. Although AGO demands integration of aviation tactical tasks
  into the ground scheme of maneuver, this does not mean that greater planning times are always required.
  More detailed planning and rehearsals are required when the combined arms team is newly formed. Agility,
  speed of action, and mission success are significantly enhanced when—
  * Effective habitual relationships are established.
  * Liaisons are embedded throughout the operations process.
  * Procedures are standardized and practiced.
  * A common operational picture is maintained.
  * Mutual trust is built through effective relationships and shared understanding.
  SECTION II – CHALLENGES FOR ARMY AVIATION
  1-3. Army Aviation forces must be organized, trained, and equipped to meet worldwide challenges
  against a full range of threats; however, readiness to conduct LSCO against a peer threat is the greatest
  challenge to our force today. LSCO against a peer threat is incredibly demanding in terms of operational
  tempo and lethality. Every domain (air, land, maritime, space, and cyberspace) may be contested by a
  capable adversary who has likely invested significant resources learning from recent United States
  operations. State and non-state actors threaten with conventional and unconventional weapons, potentially
  including chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives (CBRNE) weapons
  capabilities. The enemy also employs anti-access and area denial tactics which restrict freedom of
  maneuver through the use of advanced radar, infrared, and laser air defense systems. On the ground,
  support nodes and assembly areas are vulnerable to precession long range fires, threat aviation, and
  improvised explosive devices (IEDs) alike.
  1-4. Army Aviation must be lethal, survivable, and adaptable in order to provide combat power to the
  ground commander in LSCO. See FM 3-0 for more details.