text: Foundations of Operations
  success, and break the enemy’s will to resist. Army forces attack, defend, perform stability tasks, and
  continuously consolidate gains to accomplish objectives that support a desirable political outcome. Corps
  and divisions are the formations central to the conduct of large-scale combat. The ability to prevail in ground
  combat is a decisive factor in breaking an enemy’s capability and will to continue a conventional conflict.
  Conflict resolution requires Army forces to consolidate gains with unified action partners as long as necessary
  to accomplish national objectives.
  1-49. Planning for large-scale combat operations must account for possible enemy use of chemical,
  biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons and allied retaliatory response options. Planning must
  also account for toxic industrial hazards caused by combat operations. Enemy employment of CBRN
  weapons and the allied response would affect all domains, but they present disproportionate effects in the
  land domain. Some adversaries plan for the employment of nuclear and chemical weapons by incorporating
  them into their doctrine and training, and they maintain delivery systems for their employment on the
  battlefield. Furthermore, the use of these weapons does not terminate a conflict and may cause it to escalate.
  Units must be prepared to operate in, around, and through contaminated environments. This is fundamental
  to deterring adversaries from employing weapons of mass destruction. CBRN considerations should inform
  both operational planning and force readiness. (See FM 3-11 for doctrine on operating in a CBRN
  environment, and see ATP 3-72 for more information operations in a nuclear environment.)
  COMBINED ARMS
  1-50. Combined arms is the synchronized and simultaneous application of arms to achieve an effect greater
  than if each element was used separately or sequentially (ADP 3-0). Leaders combine arms in complementary
  and reinforcing ways to protect capabilities and amplify their effects. Confronted with a constantly changing
  situation, leaders create new combinations of capabilities, methods, and effects to pose new dilemmas for
  adversaries. The combined arms approach to operations during competition, crisis, and armed conflict is
  foundational to exploiting capabilities from all domains and their dimensions.
  1-51. Complementary capabilities compensate for the vulnerabilities of one system or organization with the
  capabilities of a different one. Infantry protects tanks from enemy infantry and antitank systems, while tanks
  provide mobile protected firepower for the infantry. Ground maneuver can make enemy forces displace and
  become vulnerable to joint fires, while joint fires can disrupt enemy reserves and C2 to enable operations on
  the ground. Cyberspace and space capabilities and electromagnetic warfare can prevent enemy forces from
  detecting and communicating the location of friendly land-based fires capabilities, and Army fires
  capabilities can destroy enemy ground-based cyberspace nodes and electromagnetic warfare platforms to
  protect friendly communications.
  1-52. Reinforcing capabilities combine similar systems or capabilities to amplify the overall effects a
  formation brings to bear in a particular context. During urban operations, for example, infantry, aviation, and
  armor units working in close coordination reinforce the protection, maneuver, and direct fire capabilities of
  each unit type while creating cascading dilemmas for enemy forces. Army artillery can be reinforced by close
  air support, air interdiction, and naval surface fire support, greatly increasing both the mass and range of fires
  available to a commander. Space and cyberspace capabilities used to disrupt enemy communications can
  reinforce a brigade combat team’s (BCT’s) ground-based jamming effort to increase the disruption to enemy
  C2. Military information support operations can amplify the effects of physical isolation on an enemy
  echelon, making it more vulnerable to friendly force exploitation.
  1-53. The organic composition, training, and task organization of Army units set conditions for effective
  combined arms. Throughout operations, commanders assess the operational environment and adjust
  priorities, change task organization, and request capabilities to create exploitable advantages, extend
  operational reach, preserve combat power, and accomplish missions.
  LEVELS OF WARFARE
  1-54. The levels of warfare are a framework for defining and clarifying the relationship among national
  objectives, the operational approach, and tactical tasks (ADP 1-01). While the various methods of warfare
  are ultimately expressed in concrete military action, the four levels of warfare—national strategic, theater