text: Chapter 4
  visualize how grouped tasks and systems will be used to accomplish the mission. All Army warfighting
  functions are enabled and enhanced by space capabilities. It is within the framework of the warfighting
  functions many space operations dependencies are identified.
  4-52. Within the Army, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance and environmental monitoring are
  areas conducted by intelligence and are executed with the authority and oversight of the headquarters,
  Department of the Army G-2. Space operations enable intelligence operations, but are also dependent upon
  intelligence to provide space reconnaissance, surveillance, and intelligence products.
  COMMAND AND CONTROL
  4-53. Command and control depends on space capabilities and effects to command forces, control
  operations, drive the operations process, and establish the command and control system. Army space
  operations support the command and control warfighting function and enables a commander to command the
  force. A large percentage of the information required to drive the operations process for employment of
  ground forces are obtained from space assets. The COP supports control of forces by empowering subordinate
  leaders to be granted greater freedom of action and independence to facilitate initiative and agility to
  accomplish the commander’s overall intent. The SSEs ensure space capabilities are integrated into plans at
  all echelons during the operations process and space systems vulnerabilities are assessed for risks to mission
  execution. Refer to ADP 6-0 for discussions on the command and control warfighting function.
  4-54. Army space operations are integrated throughout the command and control warfighting function to
  complement and reinforce the other five warfighting functions. Various space capabilities and effects are
  used to facilitate the decision making process for command and control.
  * SSA is critical to controlling operations and driving the operations process. SSA characterizes the
  space OE, identifies adversary likely use of space capabilities, adversary threats to friendly space
  capabilities, and provides insight to understand adversary intent. Space assets enable the MDMP
  through analysis (supported by space surveillance and reconnaissance) and COA development.
  * PNT provides extremely accurate timing critical to tactical and theater networks. FFT information
  feeds the COP with current unit position data, to help ensure planners have the most up to date
  location information, and helps avoid fratricide by ensuring adjacent friendly force formations
  have accurate positional data on each other.
  * Space control provides assurance to commanders they will be able to communicate with their staff
  over extended distances, control operations, and drive the operations process. Thorough space
  control integration during the planning process helps make certain that friendly forces have
  assured access to space capabilities, and that offensive space control planning is considered in
  order to deny adversaries access to space.
  * SATCOM enables inter-theater and intra-theater communications while satellite operations help
  commanders to establish command and control systems and drive the operations process.
  SATCOM provides secure, integrated communications to all echelons to ensure mission orders
  and commander’s intent are clearly and securely conveyed to all Soldiers. SATCOM on-the-move
  allows a commander to maintain connectivity during rapidly evolving operations, while the space
  enabled COP provides a clear picture of the operational situation. Space enabled command and
  control systems provide a clear COP of the battle to a commander who can move to the best
  position to assess, direct, and lead. SATCOM is the backbone of the global information grid,
  which enables command and control and supports mission operations. Warning orders, OPORD,
  and graphics are often provided through space enabled automated systems and displayed on
  multiple COP displays.
  * Missile Warning and space-based infrared sensors contribute to effective command and control,
  and support to the planning process. Missile warning enables commanders to know when they are
  under direct missile attack and to maintain command of their forces.
  * Environmental monitoring provides commanders with information that may affect military
  operations, enabling forces to take advantage of adverse environmental conditions or avoid
  situations negatively impacting their ability to maneuver.
  * Space-based surveillance and reconnaissance enables command and control by providing satellite
  collections of enemy forces throughout the depth of the battlespace. Space-based surveillance and