text: Mission Command
  Assessment Process
  4-128. Once the commander and staff or assessment working group (when established) develops the
  assessment plan, it applies the assessment process of monitor, evaluate, and recommend or direct
  continuously throughout preparation and execution. (See ADP 5-0 for the assessment process during the
  operations process in detail.)Broadly,assessment consists of,butis not limited to,the following activities—
  Monitoring
  4-129. Monitoring is continuous observation of those conditions relevant to the current operation
  (ADP5-0). Monitoring within the assessment process allows staffs to collect relevant information,
  specifically that information about the current situation that can be compared to the forecasted situation
  described in the commander’s intent and concept of operations. Progress cannot be judged, nor effective
  decisions made,without an accurate understanding of the current situation.
  4-130. Staff elements record relevant information in running estimates. Staff elements maintain a
  continuous assessment of current operations to determine if they are proceeding according to the
  commander’s intent, mission,and concept of operations. In their running estimates, staff elements use this
  new information and these updated facts and assumptions as the basis for evaluation.
  Evaluating
  4-131. The staff analyzes relevant information collected through monitoring to evaluate the operation’s
  progress toward attaining end state conditions, achieving objectives, and performing tasks. Evaluating is
  using indicators to judge progress toward desired conditions and determining why the current degree of
  progress exists (ADP 5-0). Evaluation is at the heart of the assessment process where most of the analysis
  occurs. Evaluation helps the commander determine what is working,what is not working,and insights into
  how to better accomplish the mission.
  4-132. Criteria in the form of MOE and MOP aid in evaluating progress. MOEs help determine if a task is
  achieving its intended results. MOPs help determine if a task is completed properly. MOEs and MOPs are
  simply criteria—they do not represent the assessment itself. MOEs and MOPs require relevant information
  asindicators for evaluation.
  4-133. A measure of effectiveness is an indicator used to measure a current system state, with change
  indicated by comparing multiple observations over time (JP 5-0).MOEs help measure changes in conditions,
  both positive and negative.MOEs are commonly found and tracked in formal assessment plans. MOEs help
  to answer the question,“Are we doing the right things?”
  4-134. Ameasure of performanceis an indicatorused to assess afriendly action that is tied to measuring
  task accomplishment (JP 5-0). MOPs help answer questions such as “Was the action taken?”or“Were the
  tasks completed to standard?”A MOP confirms or denies that a task has been properly performed. MOPs are
  commonly found and tracked at all echelons in execution matrixes. MOPs are also commonly used to evaluate
  training. MOPs help to answer the question “Are we doing things, right?” There is no direct hierarchical
  relationship among MOPs to MOEs. MOPsdo not feed MOEs or combine in any way to produce MOEs—
  MOPs simply measure the performance of a task.
  4-135. Anindicator,in the context of assessment,is a specific piece of information that infers the condition,
  state, or existence of something, and provides a reliable means to ascertain performance or effectiveness
  (JP5-0). Indicators take the form of reports from subordinates, surveys and polls, and information
  requirements. Indicators help to answer the question “What is the current status of this MOE or MOP?”A
  single indicator can inform multiple MOPs and MOEs.
  Recommending or Directing Action
  4-136. Monitoring and evaluating are critical activities; however, assessment is incomplete without
  recommending or directing action. Assessment may diagnose problems,but unless it results in recommended
  adjustments,its use to the commander is limited.