text: Chapter 4
  operations. Refer to ADP 3-0 for discussions on the intelligence warfighting function and ADP 2-0 for
  information about intelligence.
  * Geospatial intelligence provides imagery to support planning, combat assessment, situational
  awareness, and cartography. The various geospatial intelligence remote sensing phenomenology
  such as synthetic aperture radar, infrared, electro-optical, and multispectral provides planners with
  current information on surface, subsurface and air conditions such as trafficability, port
  accessibility, beach conditions, vegetation, change detection, land use, and foundational military
  intelligence such as detailed knowledge of enemy forces, facilities, disposition, capabilities, and
  support to target material development.
  * PNT is necessary for intelligence sensors to work optimally. PNT provides the precision for ortho-
  rectified imagery, report enemy locations accurately, and provide a variety of necessary terrestrial
  and space weather data. Both manned and unmanned aerial intelligence sensors utilize PNT to
  navigate autonomously and to focus the sensors.
  * SATCOM provides the link for direct communications and dissemination of intelligence products.
  * Missile warning and space-based infrared sensors may provide indicators of enemy unit locations
  and intentions.
  * Space surveillance and reconnaissance provides detailed knowledge of enemy forces, locations,
  capabilities, activity, and battle damage assessment, throughout the depths of the battlespace.
  FIRES
  4-59. Fires depends on all space capabilities to deliver and integrate all forms of Army, joint, and
  multinational fires, and conduct targeting. Refer to ADP 3-0 for discussions on the fires warfighting function
  and ADP 3-19 for information about fires.
  4-60. Army space operations are integrated throughout the fires warfighting function and include space
  capabilities which provide robust and reliable geolocation and communications capabilities. PNT supports
  precision targeting and precision munitions. SATCOM enables real time communications between
  commanders and forces to enable immediate redirection of fires over extended distances to shape the
  operations. Weather satellites provide a variety of data points necessary for targeting impacts.
  * PNT provides precise positioning data to firing units and feeds the COP so firing units are aware
  of friendly unit locations. PNT enables accuracy reports for precision guided munitions, Army
  battle command system, near real-time situational awareness for lethal and nonlethal fires, proper
  application of fires for proportionality, and reduced collateral damage and FFT fratricide. PNT
  supports the targeting of enemy forces in contact, integration into fires planning, and the use of
  precision guided munitions against high value targets.
  * SATCOM provides timely BLOS communications between different echelons of firing elements.
  Command and Control, Intelligence, and Sustainment functions support to fires all rely on
  SATCOM. SATCOM and PNT supports fires targeting through interfaces on systems like the
  Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System.
  * Space assets foster access to deep attack with GPS aided systems such as Army Tactical Missile
  System by confirming and geolocating target in denied areas
  * Missile warning indications can provide a possible footprint of adversary indirect fire activity
  which may include integrated air defense and multiple rocket launcher systems.
  * Environmental monitoring provides data on surface and sub-surface conditions, which provides
  important mission planning data in support of fires operations.
  * Space-based surveillance and reconnaissance contributes to developing the deep picture of enemy
  unit locations and dispositions—supporting fires deep targeting efforts. In large scale combat
  operations, Space-based surveillance and reconnaissance may be in position to collect against
  enemy tactical level targets.
  SUSTAINMENT
  4-61. Sustainment depends on space capabilities and effects for logistics (maintenance, transportation,
  supply, field services, distribution, general engineering), personnel services (human resources, financial