text: FM 7-100.1________________________________________________________________________________
  agent at a critical moment in battle can produce casualties or force enemy
  troops into a higher level of individual protective measures. With proper
  timing and distance, the OPFOR can employ nonpersistent agents and then
  have its maneuver units advance into or occupy an enemy position without
  having to decontaminate the area or don protective gear.
  OTHER TOXIC CHEMICALS
  11-13. In addition to traditional chemical warfare agents, the OPFOR may
  find creative and adaptive ways to cause chemical hazards using chemicals
  commonly present in industry or in everyday households. In the right combi-
  nation, or in and of themselves, the large-scale release of such chemicals can
  present a health risk, whether caused by military operations, intentional use,
  or accidental release.
  Toxic Industrial Chemicals
  11-14. Toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) are chemical substances with acute
  toxicity that are produced in large quantities for industrial purposes.
  Exposure to some industrial chemicals can have a lethal or debilitating
  effect on humans. The near-universal availability of large quantities of
  highly toxic stored materials, their proximity to urban areas, their low
  cost, and the low security associated with storage facilities, make them a
  potentially attractive option for use as weapons of opportunity or weapons
  of mass destruction. Employing a TIC against an opponent by means of a
  weapon delivery system, whether conventional or unconventional, is consid-
  ered a chemical warfare attack, with the TIC used as a chemical agent. The
  target may be the enemy’s military forces or his civilian population.
  11-15. In addition to the threat from intentional use as weapons, catastro-
  phic accidental releases of stored industrial chemicals may result from collat-
  eral damage associated with military operations, electrical power interrup-
  tion, or improper facility maintenance or shutdown procedures. These events
  are common in armed conflict and post-conflict urban environments.
  11-16. The most important factors to consider when assessing the potential
  for adverse human health impacts from a chemical release are acute toxicity,
  physical properties (volatility, reactivity, flammability), and the likelihood
  that large quantities will be accidentally released or available for exploitation.
  Foremost among these factors is acute toxicity.
  11-17. The following are examples of high- and moderate-risk TICs, based on
  acute toxicity by inhalation, worldwide availability (number of producers and
  number of countries where the substance is available), and physical state
  (gas, liquid, or solid) at standard temperature and pressure:
  • High-Risk. Ammonia, chlorine, fluorine, formaldehyde, hydrogen chlo-
  ride, hydrogen cyanide, phosgene, sulfuric acid.
  • Moderate-Risk. Carbon monoxide, methyl bromide, nitrogen dioxide,
  phosphine.
  This list does not include all chemicals with high toxicity and availability.
  Specifically, chemicals with low volatility are not included. Low-vapor
  pressure chemicals include some of the most highly toxic chemicals widely
  available, including most pesticides.