text: Chapter 4
  Funding Considerations and Programs
  4-19. Commanders and staffs planning any security cooperation mission must consult a staff judge advocate
  as early as possible in the planning process. Security cooperation programs are governed by U.S. statute and
  require knowledge of the USC. With limited exceptions, the DOD may not train FSF under Title 10. All
  training and equipping of FSF must be specifically authorized. The DOD has limited ability to build the
  capacity of security forces not part of the ministry of defense. The primary laws of concern are the Foreign
  Assistance Act, the Arms Export Control Act, and various sections of Titles 10 and 22, USC.
  4-20. Many different funding sources may be required for small segments of any activity, such as
  transportation or lodging for participants. Determining which funding sources should be used for various
  activities is challenging. Army units can avoid funding problems through early identification of and
  application to funding sources for specific activities. This is essential for planning, programming, budgeting,
  and execution.
  4-21. The Leahy Amendments prohibit the USG from providing funds to a unit of the security forces of a
  foreign country if the DOS has credible evidence that the unit has committed gross violations of human rights.
  The provisions restrict funding until the Secretary of State determines and reports that the government of
  such country is taking effective measures to bring the responsible members of the security forces unit to
  justice. In the event the security forces include members suspected of human rights violations, the law
  restricts funding until the Secretary of State determines and reports that the government of such country is
  taking effective measures to bring the responsible members of the security forces unit to justice.
  4-22. The Child Soldier Prevention Act aims to combat the recruitment or use of children as soldiers by
  publicly identifying countries that recruit or use child soldiers and restricting certain types of U.S. security
  assistance to these countries. In particular, the law requires that the Secretary of State publish annually a list
  of countries within which “governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces,” or “government-
  supported armed groups, including paramilitaries, militias, or civil defense forces,” recruited or used child
  soldiers during the previous year. The following types of SA are prohibited for countries designated pursuant
  to the Child Soldier Prevention Act:
  * Licenses for direct commercial sales of military equipment.
  * FMF for the purchase of defense articles and services, as well as design and construction services.
  * IMET.
  * Excess defense articles.
  * Peacekeeping operations.
  4-23. The Women, Peace, and Security Act of 2017 codified the USG’s longstanding, sustained commitment
  to the principles of the women, peace, and security agenda. The DOD Women, Peace, and Security Strategic
  Framework and Implementation Plan established three defense objectives to support the Women, Peace, and
  Security Strategy’s lines of effort: (1) modeling and employing women’s meaningful participation in the joint
  force; (2) promoting partner nation women’s participation in all occupations in the defense and security
  sectors; and (3) ensuring partner nations protect women and girls, especially during conflict and crisis. The
  Army and the other Services have all initiated women, peace, and security policies to establish key staff and
  to guide the integration of women, peace, and security into SC planning, programming, and execution.
  4-24. Congress specifically appropriates funds for foreign assistance. U.S. funds used for weapons, training,
  equipment, logistic support, supplies, and services provided to foreign forces must be paid for with funds
  appropriated by Congress for that purpose. USAID expends such funds under the legal authorities in Title
  22. Provisions of Title 10 may also authorize amounts of money for these purposes. Standing funding
  authorities are narrowly defined and generally require advance coordination within the DOD and DOS.
  Security Cooperation Workforce Development Program
  4-25. The DOD established the Security Cooperation Workforce Development Program in response to the
  2017 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) enacted 10 USC Section 384, “Department of Defense
  Security Cooperation Workforce Development.” Section 384 requires the establishment of the Security
  Cooperation Workforce Development Program and identifies professional certification as a mandatory
  element of the program. DODI 5132.15 reinforces this legislative requirement with guidance to DOD