text: Chapter 13
  * A government that derives its powers from the governed and competently manages, coordinates,
  and sustains collective security, as well as political, social, and economic development. This
  includes national, regional, and local government.
  * Sustainable security institutions. These include a civilian-controlled military as well as police,
  court, and penal institutions, all of which should be perceived by the local population as fair,
  just, and transparent.
  * Fundamental human rights. The United Nations Declaration on Human Rights and the
  International Convention for Civil and Political Rights provide a guide for applicable human
  rights. However, the latter provides for derogation from certain rights during an officially
  proclaimed state of public emergency that threatens the life of the nation. Respect for the full
  panoply of human rights should be the goal of a host nation; derogation and violation of these
  rights by host-nation security forces, in particular, often provides an excuse for insurgent
  activities.
  13-62. In times of extreme unrest and insurgency, host-nation legal structures—courts, prosecutors,
  defense assistance, and prisons—may cease to exist or function. Under these conditions, counterinsurgents
  may need to undertake a significant role in the reconstruction of the host-nation judicial system to establish
  legal procedures and systems to deal with captured insurgents and common criminals. During judicial
  reconstruction, counterinsurgents can expect to be involved in providing sustainment and security support.
  They can expect to provide legal support and consultation to the host-nation judicial entities. Even when
  judicial functions are restored, counterinsurgents may still have to provide logistic and security support to
  judicial activities for a prolonged period. This support continues as long as insurgents continue to disrupt
  activities that support the legitimate rule of law.
  13-63. Rule of law is a principle under which all persons, institutions, and entities, public and private,
  including the state itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced, and
  independently adjudicated, and that are consistent with international human rights principles. In assessing
  rule of law, counterinsurgency planners should consider the end state for which the host nation should
  strive. While the form of the rule of law among different states may differ markedly, the effects should be
  similar. Some effects from the application of rule of law include the following:
  * The state monopolizes the use of force in the resolution of disputes.
  * Individuals are secure in their persons and property.
  * The state is itself bound by law and does not act arbitrarily.
  * The law can be readily determined and is stable enough to allow individuals to plan their affairs.
  * Individuals have meaningful access to an effective and impartial legal system.
  * The state protects basic human rights and fundamental freedoms.
  * Individuals rely on the existence of justice institutions and the content of law in the conduct of
  their daily lives.
  13-64. While no nation achieves these effects entirely, counterinsurgent efforts should support and
  reinforce host-nation rule of law efforts to approach them. Rule of law operations can become a key line of
  effort for counterinsurgents. Because many variables—whether cultural, economic, institutional, or
  operational—affect rule of law and rule of law operations, no single approach to assessment or
  implementation can be established.
  13-65. In counterinsurgency environments, it is likely that justice mechanisms will have either collapsed
  or be in serious need of rebuilding. Given the time and resources required to establish a fully functional
  judicial system, counterinsurgents may need to support interim justice mechanisms—mechanisms to
  provide justice in communities even while permanent judicial mechanisms are being developed. Such
  interim justice mechanisms may use simplified formal mechanisms or informal justice mechanisms such as
  traditional customs or other forms of community-based dispute resolution. Interim justice development and
  institutional capacity building should be mutually reinforcing. Overall, progress in the rule of law is far
  more rapid when building the capacity of police, prosecutors, judiciary, civil dispute resolution, and
  corrections occurs simultaneously rather than sequentially.
  13-66. Transitional justice mechanisms (truth commissions, trials and amnesties, purges from office, and
  reparations) address past violations of human rights and humanitarian law. They can be effective in