text: ________________________________________________________________________________ FM 2-22.3
  intelligence collection potential. It is a waste of a valuable asset to use
  them in a function that could be performed by a civilian translator.
  As an Independent Patrol
  • Defensive. One of the key elements of the HCT success is the
  opportunity to spot, assess, and develop relationships with potential
  sources of information. Operating as independent patrols, without
  being tied to ISR or combat assets, enables the HCTs maximum
  interaction with the local population, thereby maximizing the pool of
  potential sources of information. The HCT must be integrated into the
  supported unit’s ISR plan and be provided with other command
  elements as needed to support the collection mission. The team leader
  will advise the supported unit on the specific capabilities and
  requirements of the team to maximize mission success. This method
  also increases the risk to the team. HCT members must carry the
  necessary firepower for self-protection. They must also have adequate
  communications equipment to call for help if needed. The team’s
  posture, equipment, and appearance will be dictated by overall force
  restrictions and posture. When operating as an independent patrol, the
  HCT should not stand out from overall US forces operations. If US
  forces are in battle-dress uniforms and operating out of military
  vehicles, so should the HUMINT collectors.
  • Soft. If the threat situation is such that soldiers are authorized to
  wear civilian clothes when outside base areas, the HUMINT collectors
  should also move among the civilian population in civilian clothes, so
  that they do not stand out from others in the area.
  CIVIL SUPPORT OPERATIONS
  3-15. Army support supplements the efforts and resources of state and local
  governments and organizations. If a presidential declaration initiates civil
  support for a major disaster or emergency, involvement of DOD intelligence
  components would be by exception. Civil support requires extensive
  coordination and liaison among many organizations—interagency, joint, AC,
  and RC—as well as with state and local governments, and in any case will
  require compliance with the Posse Comitatus Act, 18 U.S.C., § 1385, when
  US forces are employed to assist Federal, state, or local law enforcement
  agencies (LEAs). The National Response Plan provides a national level
  architecture to coordinate the actions of all supporting agencies.
  MILITARY OPERATIONS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT
  3-16. Units are often task organized with additional ISR units and assets to
  meet the detailed collection requirements in the urban operations. The
  complexities of urban terrain cause degradation in the capabilities of many of
  the sensor systems. HUMINT collectors may have to be placed in DS of lower
  echelon combat maneuver forces (battalion and lower) to support operations.
  HUMINT and combat reporting by units in direct contact with threat forces
  and local inhabitants becomes the means of collection. For successful ISR