text: FM 7-100.1________________________________________________________________________________
  Camouflage, Concealment, Cover, and Deception
  9-103. The OPFOR emphasizes the use of natural terrain and vegetation,
  camouflage netting and other artificial materials, smokescreens, and decoy
  equipment to provide C3D. Deception includes deception positions and decoys.
  The OPFOR can use quick-setup, high-fidelity decoys; derelict vehicles;
  radar emitter decoys; quick-hardening foams; and many other types of
  manufactured and field-expedient means. It also employs simple heat
  sources to confuse IR sensors and weapons seekers.
  9-104. The dispersion measures discussed below should be employed with
  consideration of the protective and screening properties of natural and artifi-
  cial screens, and would be combined with thermal camouflage and engineer
  preparation of positions. Natural screens consist of vegetation, terrain folds,
  populated areas, and local features or objects. Artificial screens include
  camouflage nets that would enhance natural screens, and radar-opaque
  screens using local features, radar nets, metallic nets, and corner reflectors.
  Concealment would be combined with the use of deception positions, using
  decoy equipment and activities. Like real positions, deception positions would
  be changed periodically. Dummy emitters and jammers would be used to
  attract enemy reconnaissance and targeting.
  Maneuver and Dispersal
  9-105. Maneuver and dispersal of air defense assets, both emitters and other
  types of equipment, is important for their survival both during movement
  and in combat formations. Sudden maneuver and periodic changes of position
  are simple and effective means to counter enemy reconnaissance and preci-
  sion weapons; these measures are planned and implemented at the tactical
  level.
  9-106. All, or only a portion of, an air defense unit may maneuver to alter-
  nate positions, depending on such factors as the degree of air threat, time of
  day, and meteorological conditions. The first parts of the unit to shift posi-
  tions are those that have performed combat alert duty for an extended pe-
  riod, or that have been deployed in the position they currently occupy since
  before the onset of combat. The optimum configuration for shifting to alter-
  nate positions involves no more than one-third of the assets of a given unit
  shifting at one time, in order to maintain adequate air defense coverage.
  9-107. The OPFOR uses certain rules of thumb for distances related to dis-
  persion and distances of air defense units from supported units and from the
  battle line. The OPFOR recognizes that these distances vary with the situa-
  tion and the threat. Of special concern is the enemy ATGM and precision
  weapon capability. If it is high, the OPFOR increases the spacing between
  SAM launchers and the distances of air defense systems from the battle line.
  Ideally, the degree of dispersal for units would be the same whether the en-
  emy is employing conventional or precision weapons or even tactical nuclear
  weapons. A general rule for the degree of dispersion is that the enemy attack
  should not destroy two adjacent units simultaneously. A maximum of one-
  third of a unit should be vulnerable to a single precision weapon attack.