text: Live-Fire Training
  I-14. Execution of LFXs should follow a crawl-walk-run model to ensure that the organization is proficient
  and prepared to execute the live fire safely and effectively. For example, in the crawl-walk-run method a
  leader walks through the objective (crawl), a unit completes a rehearsal of a dry or blank fire iteration (walk),
  and then the unit executes a culminating live-fire iteration (run). Commanders need to assess the proficiency
  of their units continually and adjust training accordingly. (See DA Pam 385-63 and individual installation
  range procedures for additional live-fire requirements.)
  I-15. The execution of LFXs rotates units by echelon through all phases of training so all Soldiers participate
  and understand requirements to accomplish the mission. The execution of one LFX encompasses the
  following events at a minimum:
  * Safety brief. The officer or noncommissioned officer in charge conducts a safety briefing. The
  safety briefing can share input from personnel on new techniques, hazards, and possible
  emergency instructions and procedures.
  * Risk management. See paragraph 3-4 for risk management.
  * Leader participation. The commander provides input and receives reports from subordinate leaders
  during the LFX. The commander can direct action as a teaching point or allow the unit to maintain
  momentum as the LFX progresses.
  * Logistics support and participation. Medics, fire support teams, engineer personnel, and others
  participate in the LFX performing the same duties they would in combat. This provides training
  and identifies unit expectations when conducting operations. These personnel should follow a
  similar training progression for prerequisite training and weapons qualification to ensure all
  personnel executing the live fire meet requirements.
  * Observers-controllers. Observers-controllers assist the unit in contributing to the realism of force-
  on-force exercises and LFXs. These personnel coordinate indirect fires, evaluate casualties,
  control targets, stop unsafe acts, and assist in the conduct of after action reviews.
  * Evaluation. See discussion for evaluation beginning in paragraph 5-3.
  * After action review. See appendix K for more information on after action reviews.
  * Assessment. See discussion for assessment beginning in paragraph 5-7.
  MULTIECHELON TRAINING DURING LIVE-FIRE EXERCISES
  I-16. LFXs provide an excellent opportunity for organizations to conduct multiechelon training. These
  exercises require significant logistics support personnel and equipment to include all classes of supply.
  Incorporating multiechelon training during live fires allows organizations across the Army to maximize the
  use of limited training time and resources.
  I-17. Development of a higher headquarters operation order can drive the planning process at multiple
  echelons above the unit conducting the LFX. For example, a platoon LFX could easily include a brigade
  combat team- or brigade-level operation order that would result in the battalion exercising the military
  decision-making process, and the company exercising troop leading procedures.
  I-18. A robust scenario utilizing live, virtual, and constructive training environments provides an excellent
  opportunity to synchronize the warfighting functions at echelon to successfully execute the LFX as
  realistically as possible.
  PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
  I-19. Effective live-fire training requires a complete understanding of applicable guidance including
  regulations, doctrine, local directives, risk management, and weapon training circulars. It is a leaders’
  responsibility to be familiar with these publications. Paragraphs I-20 through I-37 are important planning
  terms, procedures, and considerations for live-fire training.
  I-20. A surface danger zone (SDZ) is the ground and airspace designated within the training complex (to
  include associated safety areas) for vertical and lateral containment of projectiles, fragments, debris, and
  components resulting from the firing, launching, or detonation. (See AR 385-63 for more information on
  SDZs.) Leaders need to thoroughly understand this regulation, local regulations, and ballistic effects if
  necessary. Units should contact installation range operations when desiring to deviate from SDZs outlined in