text: Sustainment Operations in a Maritime Environment
  Maintenance Operations
  6-58. Sustainment leaders must be prepared for supporting maintenance operations in a maritime
  environment. Most of the maintenance conducted in the maritime environment may be field-level
  maintenance conducted on dispersed islands. Successful maintenance operations will depend on the ability
  to anticipate maintenance requirements, track and analyze maintenance reports, properly identify and
  diagnose maintenance faults, apply the appropriate maintenance capability, and manage Class IX.
  Maintenance managers must accurately report Class IX requirements, and distribution managers must be
  prepared to support providing Class IX using available assets to overcome separation by distance and water.
  General Engineering
  6-59. General engineering in a maritime environment will consist of activities that improve infrastructure
  and modify, protect, and maintain the physical environment. General engineering capabilities can be
  employed to improve port facilities, airfields, and other basing requirements needed for operations. Engineer
  divers can be used to conduct hydrographic surveys to support vessel operations in littorals and conduct ship
  husbandry requirements. Leaders must prioritize requirements for general engineer support and synchronize
  distribution capabilities to ensure materials are available for support.
  Health Service Support
  6-60. As with other environments, planning HSS support in maritime-dominated environments should
  address relevant aspects that may affect support to friendly forces. MTFs positioned at existing bases within
  the range of adversary long-range fires should establish primary and alternate survivability positions that will
  provide for the defense of themselves and their patients. Role 2 personnel may be required to defend
  themselves and their patients against amphibious assaults and vertical envelopments by enemy forces seeking
  to control a particular land mass as well. Role 2 MTFs operating on islands with austere infrastructure and
  resources require significant sustainment during prolonged operations that may delay medical evacuation.
  Every opportunity to clear patients from the MTF must be taken advantage of to prevent the MTF from being
  inundated with patients in a prolonged care situation.
  6-61. Scarcity of land may make it difficult for MTFs to maintain proximity to the force they are supporting.
  Additionally, MTFs may not have the space available to set up as they would in another environment. Site
  layout and selection are critical because the AHS principles and medical functions do not change, but they
  must adapt to the environment. For example, the Role 2 may still conduct medical evacuation from the Role
  1 MTF with their direct support ambulance squad. However, instead of the evacuation going from the Role
  1 MTF to a traditional land ambulance exchange point, the ambulance exchange point may occur on the
  beach front with the ambulance offloading patients to a landing craft or aeromedical evacuation platform that
  then moves the patients to a hospital afloat. If aeromedical evacuation is used, aviators must become deck
  certified. Medical regulating and resupply of Class VIII stocks from the United States Navy requires a more
  joint perspective. The principles and techniques are the foundation of planning; however, the execution is
  adapted to the environment. For additional information, see FM 4-02 and ATP 4-02.6.
  SECTION III – ARMY WATERCRAFT OPERATIONS
  6-62. Army watercraft support CCDR requirements by maintaining the desired flow of forces, cargo, and
  sustainment into a theater in a maritime environment. Army watercraft expand the CCDR’s ability to move
  and maneuver through the maritime environment by enabling and sustaining operations through fixed,
  degraded, and austere ports and inland waterways, including the use of logistics over-the-shore operations.
  The following paragraphs describe the capabilities of Army watercraft in the maritime environment followed
  by a notional example of watercraft supporting operations in the corps area. See ATP 4-15 for additional
  information on Army watercraft and their capabilities.