text: Overview of Signal Support
  communications antennas and line of sight radio systems away from major command posts minimizes loss
  of life and command and control capabilities if the enemy targets the communications systems with lethal
  fires.
  Preclusion
  1-57. Peer threats use a wide variety of capabilities to preclude a friendly force’s ability to shape the
  operational environment and mass and sustain combat power. Antiaccess and area denial are two such
  activities. (FM 3-0). Regional peers will use their relative advantages in a geographic area to attempt to
  prevent U.S. forces from gaining operational access.
  1-58. Peer threats will use cyberspace attacks and EW as part of their antiaccess and area denial strategy.
  Overcoming enemy antiaccess and area denial requires a forcible entry operation. Signal support to forcible
  entry operations (see paragraph 1-185) allows the joint force commander to synchronize maneuver and
  effects across multiple domains to gain a foothold from which to conduct land operations in the joint
  operations area. Refer to JP 3-18 for doctrine on joint forcible entry operations.
  Isolation
  1-59. Isolation is containment of a force so it cannot accomplish its mission. Peer threats believe that the
  defeat of the U.S. forces lies not at the end of a substantial battle, but through the culmination of U.S. efforts
  before U.S. goals are reached. In large-scale combat operations, peer threats will seek to isolate U.S. tactical
  forces and prevent their mutual support while threat forces work toward their campaign objectives. Some
  examples of how isolation may affect signal support are—
  * Preventing or limiting communications with other units.
  * Deceiving friendly forces as a means to gain access to the U.S. network.
  * Targeting command and control nodes with lethal fires.
  * Conducting denial of service attacks against the U.S. network.
  * Electronic attack (jamming) to prevent U.S. and allied use of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  * Denying satellite access through jamming or destruction of satellite communications capabilities.
  1-60. The tactical network provides redundant means of network transport to prevent formations from
  becoming isolated. PACE communications plans and disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent
  further mitigate the effects of isolation.
  Sanctuary
  1-61. Sanctuary is a threat method of putting threat forces beyond the reach of friendly forces. It is a form of
  protection derived by some combination of political, legal, and physical boundaries that restrict freedom of
  action by a friendly force commander. Peer threats will use any means necessary, including sanctuary, to
  protect key elements of their combat power from destruction, particularly by air and missile capabilities (FM
  3-0).
  1-62. Signal support enables information collection and disseminates the common operational picture,
  enabling commanders and their staffs to maintain situational understanding and support the targeting process
  throughout their area of operations. Comprehensive understanding of the threat force’s position and situation
  reduces the protection they seek to derive by operating from sanctuary.
  Systems Warfare
  1-63. Peer threats view the battlefield, their own instruments of power, and an opponent’s instruments of
  power as a collection of complex, dynamic, and integrated systems composed of subsystems and components.
  Peer threats use systems warfare to identify specific critical capabilities for disruption or destruction in order
  to cause failure of a larger friendly system (FM 3-0).
  1-64. An example of systems warfare that affects signal support is an enemy using radio frequency direction
  finding to locate a critical retransmission site. Once the enemy locates the retransmission site, they can
  confirm the location using unmanned aircraft systems and direct long-range precision fires from sanctuary to