text: Chapter 4
  (cid:122) S-3. Exercise staff responsibility for EP. Include electromagnetic support and electromagnetic
  attack considerations throughout the operations process and evaluate EP techniques and
  procedures employed. Ensure EP training is included in all unit-training programs, the MDMP,
  and troop leading procedures during operations.
  (cid:122) S-6. Exercise staff responsibility for signal security and support EP. The S-6 in coordination with
  theEWO—
  (cid:131) Prepares and conducts the unit EP training program.
  (cid:131) Ensures alternate means of communications for those systems most vulnerable to enemy
  jamming.
  (cid:131) Ensures distribution of available communications security equipment to those systems most
  vulnerable toenemy information gathering activities.
  (cid:131) Ensures measures are taken to protect critical friendly frequencies from intentional and
  unintentional electromagnetic interference.
  Signal Security
  4-344. EP and signal security are closely related; they are defensive arts based on the same principle. If
  adversaries and enemies do not have access to the EEFI, they are much less effective. The BCT’s goal of
  practicing sound EP techniques is to ensure the continued effective use of the EMS. The BCT’s goal of signal
  securityis to ensure the enemy cannot exploit the friendly use of the EMS for communication. Signal security
  techniques are designed to give the commander confidence in the security of BCT transmissions. Signal
  security and EP are planned by the BCT based on the enemy’s ability to gather intelligence and degrade
  friendly communications systems. (SeeATP 6-02.53 for additional information.)
  Communications Planning Considerations
  4-345. The BCT staff,specifically the S-6 in coordination with the S-2,S-3,and EWO,assesses threats to
  friendly communications during the communications planning process. Planning counters the enemy’s
  attempts to take advantage of the vulnerabilities of friendly communications systems. Ultimately, the
  commander, subordinate commanders, and staff planners and radio and network operators are responsible
  for the security and continued operation of all command and control systems.
  4-346. When conducting communications planning, the S-6 uses spectrum management tools to assist in
  EMS planning and to define and support requirements. The S-6 coordinates all frequency use before any
  emitter is activated to mitigate or eliminate electromagnetic interference or other negligible effects and
  considers the following when conducting EMS management planning:
  (cid:122) Transmitter and receiver locations.
  (cid:122) Antenna technical parameters and characteristics.
  (cid:122) Number of frequencies desired and separation requirements.
  (cid:122) Nature of the operation (fixed,mobile land,mobile aeronautical,and over water or maritime).
  (cid:122) Physical effectsof the operational environment (ground and soil type,humidity,and topology).
  (cid:122) All EMS-dependent equipment to be employed to include emitters,sensors,and unmanned aerial
  sensors.
  (cid:122) Start and end dates for use.
  4-347. The PACE plan is a communication plan that exists for a specific mission or task,not a specific unit,
  as the plan considers both intra-and inter-unit sharing of information. ACPestablishes a PACE plan with
  each unit it is required to maintain communications with during a mission. The PACE plan designates the
  order in which an element will move through available communications systems until contact can be
  established with the desired distant element. The S-6 develops a PACE plan for each phase of an operation
  to ensure that the commander can maintain command and control of the formation. The plan reflects the
  training,equipment status,and true capabilities of the formation. The BCT S-6 evaluates its communication
  requirements with the subordinate units and their S-6 to develop an effective plan. Upon receipt of an order,
  the S-6 evaluates the PACE plan for two key elements as follows:
  (cid:122) Does the BCT have the assets to execute the plan?