text: Chapter 5
  assets with wide-area surveillance capabilities,often working from aerial platforms,can quickly determine
  areas of enemy concentration or areas where there is no enemy presence. These assets may cue ground and
  air reconnaissance assets to investigate specific areas to confirm and amplify information developed by
  technical assets. For example, JSTARS and Guardrail-equipped (signals intelligence collection platform)
  aircraft can cover large areas and cue ground reconnaissance or unmanned aircraft once they identify an
  enemy force. The BCT commander may dispatch ground reconnaissance or unmanned aircraft (RQ-7
  Shadow UAS,brigade echelon asset or RQ-11 Raven UAS,company echelon asset) to verify the information
  and track the enemy for targeting purposes. Similarly, a ground reconnaissance asset can cue surveillance
  assets. The commander uses reconnaissance assets based on their capabilities and uses the complementary
  capabilities of other assets,such as surveillance assets to verify and expand information.
  5-66. Mixing is using two or more different assets to collect against the same intelligence requirement
  (FM3-90-2). Employing a mix of systems not only increases the probability of collection,but alsotends to
  provide information that is more complete. For example,a JSTARS aircraft may detect and locate a moving
  enemy tactical force,while the division assistant chief of staff,intelligence analysis and control element uses
  organic and supporting assets to determine its identity, organizational structure, and indications of future
  plans. When available from echelons above division and corps, a U2 Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar
  System provides high-resolution, multimode, long-range, air-to-ground radar that provides operators with
  critical intelligence. This all weather,day or night capability detects and accurately locates fixed and moving
  ground targets with precision. Employing a mix of systems is always desirable if the situation and available
  resources permit. Mixing systems can also help uncover military deception attempts by revealing
  discrepancies in reports from different collectors.
  5-67. Redundancy is using two or more like assets to collect against the same intelligence requirement
  (FM3-90-2). Based on the priority of the information requirement,the commander must decide which NAI
  justifies having more than one asset covering it. When more than one asset covers the same NAI,a backup
  is available ifone asset cannot reach the NAI in time,the first asset suffers mechanical failure,or the enemy
  detects and engages the first asset. Redundancy also improves the chances of information collection.
  5-68. To increase the effectiveness and survivability of an information collectionasset,the commander may
  task organize it by placing additional assets under a subordinate unit’s control. For example,to conduct an
  area reconnaissance of possible river crossing sites at extended distances from the division’s current location,
  a ground Cavalry troop of an attached Armored brigade combat team(ABCT)can be task organized with a
  signal retransmission (known as RETRANS) element, an engineer reconnaissance element, a joint fires
  observer, and a tank platoon. The engineers provide additional technical information on proposed crossing
  sites;the signal RETRANS elements allow the Cavalry troop’s combat net radios to reach the division main
  command post(CP). The joint fires observer provides additional observation, lazing, and fire coordination
  capabilities. The tank platoon provides additional combat capabilities and protection for the Cavalry troop.
  VULNERABILITY
  5-69. The BCT staff,led by the S-2 and in coordination with the S-3,evaluates the collector’s vulnerability
  to threat forces,not only in the target area but also along the entire route of travel. It is important to evaluate
  the threat’s ability to locate,identify,and destroy collection assets. For example,a helicopter’s capabilities
  may make it a suitable collection asset;however,its vulnerabilities could make it too risky to use if the enemy
  possesses surface-to-air missiles. Another consideration is the signature associated with the collection asset.
  For example,a UAS engine emits an uncommon noise that is distinctly identifiable and may alert the target
  they are under surveillance.
  SECTION III – SECURITY OPERATIONS
  5-70. Security operations are those operations performed by commanders to provide early and accurate
  warning of enemy operations, to provide the forces being protected with time and maneuver space within
  which to react to the enemy and to develop the situation to allow commanders to effectively use their
  protected forces (ADP 3-90). The main difference between the conduct of security operations and
  reconnaissance is that the conduct of security operations orients on the protected force or facility, while
  reconnaissance is enemy and terrain oriented. Security missions protect the BCT from observation,indirect