text: Chapter2
  Multinational operations present challenges and demands. These include culture and language issues,
  unresolved policy issues, technical and procedural interoperability challenges, national caveats on the use of
  respective forces, the authorities required for sharing of information and intelligence, and rules of
  engagement. Commanders analyze the particular requirements of a mission in the context of friendly force
  capabilities to exploit the multinational force’s advantages and compensate for its limitations. Establishing
  effective liaison with multinational partners through embedded teams, collaborative systems, and leader
  contact is critical to establishing a common operational picture (COP) and maintaining situational
  understanding.
  Multinational operations also present many opportunities. Having multinational forces as part of an
  operation provides internationallegitimacy that helps isolate adversary or enemy forces. They may provide
  cultural awareness, foreign language skills, and affinities with populations that help with understanding the
  environment, conducting stability tasks, and transitioning to legitimate authorities. Allies and partners often
  operate with different authorities to employ key capabilities in space, cyberspace, and the information
  dimension of an operational environment. Lastly, multinational allies and partners bring additional forces to
  an operation, and they often possess capabilities U.S. Army forces may lack.
  INTERAGENCY COORDINATION AND INTERORGANIZATIONAL COOPERATION
  Interagency coordination is a key part of unified action. Interagency coordinationis the planning and
  synchronization of efforts that occur between elements of Department of Defense and participating United
  States Government departments and agencies (JP 3-0). Army forces conduct and participate in interagency
  coordination using established liaison, personal engagement, and planning processes.
  Unified action may require interorganizational cooperation to build the capacity of unified action
  partners. Interorganizational cooperationis the interactionthat occurs among elements of the Department of
  Defense; participating United States Government departments and agencies; state, territorial, local, and tribal
  agencies; foreign military forces and government agencies; international organizations; nongovernmental
  organizations; and the private sector (JP 3-08). Interorganizational cooperation includes civil-military
  integration. (See FM 3-57for more information on civil-military integration.)
  CONVENTIONAL AND SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES INTEGRATION
  Army forces integrate conventional and special operations forces to create complementary and
  reinforcing effects during operations. The mission and operational environment drive the command and
  support relationships between conventional and special operations forces during an operation. Regardless of
  C2 and support arrangements, both types of forces integrate and synchronize operations to increase
  effectiveness, promote interdependence, provide mutual support, limit the redundant use of resources, and
  reduce the risk of fratricide.
  During large-scale combat, conventional forces contribute mass across all warfighting functions
  required to defeat enemy forces. Special operations forces complement conventional forces by performing
  their core activities:
  (cid:122) Civil affairs operations.
  (cid:122) Countering weapons of mass destruction.
  (cid:122) Counterinsurgency.
  (cid:122) Counterterrorism.
  (cid:122) Direct action.
  (cid:122) Foreign humanitarian assistance.
  (cid:122) Foreign internal defense.
  (cid:122) Hostage rescue and recovery.
  (cid:122) Military information support operations.
  (cid:122) Security force assistance
  (cid:122) Special reconnaissance.
  (cid:122) Unconventional warfare.