text: Cyberspace Operations and Electromagnetic Warfare Fundamentals
  directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of
  degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability and considered a form of fires (JP 3-85). EA
  requires systems or weapons that radiate electromagnetic energy as active measures and systems that do not
  radiate or re-radiate electromagnetic energy as passive measures.
  2-23. Offensive EA prevents or reduces an enemy’s effective use of the EMS by employing jamming and
  directed energy weapon systems against enemy spectrum-dependent systems and devices. Offensive EA
  systems and capabilities include—
  * Jammers.
  * Directed energy weaponry.
  * Self-propelled decoys.
  * Electromagnetic deception.
  * Antiradiation missiles.
  2-24. Defensive EA protects against lethal attacks by denying enemy use of the EMS to target, guide, and
  trigger weapons that negatively impact friendly systems. Defensive EA supports force protection, self-
  protection and OPSEC efforts by degrading, neutralizing, or destroying an enemy’s surveillance capabilities
  against protected units. Defensive EA systems and capabilities include—
  * Expendables (flares and active decoys).
  * Jammers.
  * Towed decoys.
  * Directed energy infrared countermeasure systems.
  * Radio controlled improvised explosive device (RCIED) systems.
  * Counter Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-UAS).
  2-25. EA effects available to the commander include—
  * Destroy. Destruction makes the condition of a target so damaged that it can neither function nor
  be restored to a usable condition in a timeframe relevant to the current operation. When used in
  the EW context, destruction is the use of EA to eliminate targeted enemy personnel, facilities, or
  equipment (JP 3-85).
  * Degrade. Degradation reduces the effectiveness or efficiency of an enemy EMS-dependent
  system. The impact of degradation may last a few seconds or remain throughout the entire
  operation (JP 3-85).
  * Disrupt. Disruption temporarily interrupts the operation of an enemy EMS dependent system (JP
  3-85).
  * Deceive. Deception measures are designed to mislead the enemy by manipulation, distortion, or
  falsification of evidence to induce them to react in a manner prejudicial to their interests.
  Deception in an EW context presents enemy operators and higher-level processing functions with
  erroneous inputs, either directly through the sensors themselves or through EMS-based networks
  such as voice communications or data links (JP 3-85).
  ELECTROMAGNETIC ATTACK TASKS
  2-26. EA has the unique potential to affect enemy use of the EMS and attack the enemy through the EMS.
  Other offensive options can affect enemy use of the EMS but are likely to cause collateral damage outside
  the EMS, whereas EA uses the EMS for its effects. Concurrently, EA’s potential to cause EMS fratricide
  necessitates caution and coordination in its employment.
  2-27. EA tasks include—
  * Employing directed energy weaponry.
  * Electromagnetic pulse.
  * Reactive countermeasures.
  * Deception measures.
  * Electromagnetic intrusion.