text: *FM 3-14
  Field Manual Headquarters
  No. 3-14 Department of the Army
  Washington, DC, 30 October 2019
  Army Space Operations
  Contents
  Page
  PREFACE.............................................................................................................. iv
  INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... v
  Chapter 1 ARMY SPACE OPERATIONS OVERVIEW ...................................................... 1-1
  Section I – Army Space Overview ................................................................... 1-2
  Dependency on Space ....................................................................................... 1-2
  Army Space Capabilities .................................................................................... 1-4
  Contested Space Domain................................................................................. 1-11
  Unified Land Operations Use of Space Capabilities ........................................ 1-11
  Section II – Space Fundamentals ................................................................. 1-11
  Space Segments .............................................................................................. 1-11
  Orbital Characteristics ...................................................................................... 1-12
  Army Space Core Competencies ..................................................................... 1-14
  Chapter 2 SPACE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................ 2-1
  Space Domain Is A Warfighting Domain ............................................................ 2-1
  The Space Operational Environment ................................................................. 2-2
  Electromagnetic Operational Environment ......................................................... 2-7
  Hazards, Threats, and Vulnerabilities .............................................................. 2-14
  Risk Management ............................................................................................. 2-15
  Space Policy ..................................................................................................... 2-16
  Chapter 3 ARMY SPACE CAPABILITIES.......................................................................... 3-1
  Section I – Space Capabilities ......................................................................... 3-1
  Space Situational Awareness ............................................................................. 3-2
  Positioning, Navigation, and Timing ................................................................... 3-2
  Space Control ..................................................................................................... 3-3
  Satellite Communications ................................................................................... 3-6
  Satellite Operations .......................................................................................... 3-12
  Missile Warning ................................................................................................ 3-15
  Environmental Monitoring ................................................................................. 3-17
  Space-Based Surveillance and Reconnaissance ............................................ 3-18
  DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: This publication is approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
  This publication supersede FM 3-14, dated 19 August 2014.