text: Chapter 7
  and survivability positions. Construction equipment, personnel, and supplies often require specific
  transportation coordination and prioritization as critical assets for movement by air or sea. Remote locations
  that do not have immediate access to organic engineer support require either locally procured or contracted
  construction capabilities or manually constructed survivability positions that are concealed as best as possible
  from enemy observation as part of survivability measures. (See FM 3-34 for fundamentals and planning
  considerations on the employment of general and combat engineer capabilities. See ATP 3-37.34 for specific
  techniques and considerations on protective positions, camouflage, and enhancing survivability.)
  SECURITY OPERATIONS IN MARITIME ENVIRONMENTS
  7-48. The JFC designates the area commander for base and lines of communication security, and most of
  the security tasks are typically the responsibility of land force commanders. Collaborative planning and
  integration between ground forces providing base security and naval and air forces providing sea lines of
  communications security is crucial to maintaining freedom of navigation for combat operations. Army forces
  provide security support to all bases within their designated JOA. Brigade combat teams (BCTs), military
  police brigades, and maneuver enhancement brigades are suitable for this function. This responsibility can
  include bases commanded by organizations that are not part of the area commander’s forces, such as
  multinational allies or other joint services. The JFC may institute standard force protection policies for all
  commands and bases within an AOR to ensure unity of effort.
  7-49. A joint force land component commander (JFLCC) may be designated as the joint security coordinator
  by the JFC, with other unified action partner forces assigned to support security plans for the JOA. The joint
  security coordinator coordinates the overall protection of the joint security area in accordance with JFC
  directives and priorities. This ensures the requirements and priorities are coordinated with the area air defense
  commander. The joint security coordinator typically establishes a joint security coordination center. The staff
  of this center may be part of the JFLCC headquarters, or this function may be delegated to a subordinate unit,
  and it normally includes representatives from all components operating in the JSA to assist in meeting joint
  security requirements.
  7-50. Every island with a base, regardless of size, requires the same level of comprehensive planning to
  ensure sufficient protection in the event there are no reinforcements immediately available when conflict
  commences. Army forces should anticipate direct enemy attacks by small units or special operations ground
  forces, attack aircraft, and indirect fires. Commanders must ensure that base defense measures are adequate
  to detect and defeat small-unit operations (including Level I or Level II threats) well before crisis or conflict.
  Dispersion mitigates effects of long-range fires and attack aircraft, but dispersion on small islands is not
  always possible. Construction, reinforcement, and caching supplies may be the primary option to offset this
  vulnerability, but they are necessary everywhere within range of threat capabilities.
  7-51. Successful security of key terrain and infrastructure depends on an integrated and aggressive plan
  consisting of dedicated security forces and responsive sustainment and protection forces (including medical,
  ADA, and engineer). The theater army synchronizes the base security plans, integrates them into the overall
  JFC’s intent, and allocates additional forces for securing sustainment nodes and command posts, key terrain,
  or critical infrastructure necessary for combat operations. Remote island bases have the same security
  planning considerations, but they vary in their tactical application based on the environment. These
  considerations include, but are not limited to—
  (cid:122) Defense against sea-based attacks, such as enemy special operations forces or naval fires.
  (cid:122) The integration and application of coastal-based indirect fire systems and fire support planning.
  (cid:122) Integrated planning for aviation support, including movement and protection of forward arming
  and refueling points.
  (cid:122) Coastal and harbor security support and integration of host-nation or local security forces.
  (cid:122) Integration of coastal barrier systems, sea-based obstacles, and sea-based or harbor mines.
  (See JP 3-10 for more information on joint security coordination command posts. See ADP 3-37 for more
  information regarding the fundamentals of protection and protection planning.)