text: Chapter 2
  Drawdown for Peacekeeping, FAA Section 552(c), 22 USC 2348a
  2-138. Purpose. The President can draw down commodities and services from any U.S. agency for
  unforeseen emergencies to support peacekeeping activities. This authority can be used for new contracting
  or procurement or it can be cited by the DOD to contract for commercial airlift, or sealift, if more
  economical. However, it cannot be used to provide housing and food. It requires a Presidential
  Determination and report, in advance, to Congress that an unforeseen emergency exists that requires the
  immediate provision of assistance.
  2-139. Procedures. As with the drawdown for an unforeseen emergency, requests are normally initiated
  by the U.S. Embassy in the concerned country and forwarded to the DOD. The combatant commander may
  also identify needs to the Plans Directorate (J5) for forwarding to DOS or the National Security Council.
  Once the concept is approved, the DOS initiates documentation for the President to approve and to notify
  Congress. Once drawdown authority has been approved, DSCA manages the program for the DOD and
  provides detailed accounting procedures.
  2-140. Examples. This authority was invoked to provide vehicles to the Palestinians in support of peace
  operations with Israel and was considered for helicopter support to the multinational observers in the Peru–
  Ecuador border dispute. This authority was also used to provide $25 million to support the reconstitution of
  the Somalia police force.
  Foreign Military Sales Arms Export Control Act, 22 USC 2761
  2-141. Purpose. The Foreign Military Sales Arms Export Control Act, (22 USC 2761) is used to sell
  defense articles and services to the UN and foreign governments. Foreign governments and the UN may
  enter into a standard foreign military sales arms contract with the DOD for the sale of defense articles and
  services. This is the primary authority to lease defense articles to third world countries and international
  organizations. The specific authority for leasing defense articles in the foreign military lease program (part
  of The Foreign Military Sales Arms Export Control Act), is found at 22 USC 2796-2796a. The Foreign
  Military Sales Arms Export Control Act is generally regarded as the least preferable authority because of
  inflexible contract terms, higher costs, and lengthy processing time.
  2-142. Procedures. The UN or another country can enter into an foreign military sales (FMS) contract
  with the DOD through a letter of assist (LOA), a contractual document issued by the United Nations to a
  government authorizing it to provide goods or services to a peacekeeping operation. Also called LOA (JP
  1-06). Ordinarily, the country pays the DOD in advance for all costs plus an administrative surcharge. The
  Foreign Military Sales Arms Export Control Act and ACSAs are the only authorities available to the DOD
  to lease defense articles. Leases are processed as standard FMS cases and are generally on a reimbursable
  basis. However, leases of defense articles may be made on a nonreimbursable basis if the article has passed
  three-quarters of its normal service life.
  2-143. Examples. The Government of Iraq requested the U.S. Army Security Assistance Command (U.S.
  Government representative) provide 586 refurbished M113 armored personnel carriers and 21 M88
  recovery vehicles. These vehicles will assist in facilitating the government of Iraq to become more self-
  reliant in the defense of their country.
  Excess Defense Articles, 22 USC 2321j
  2-144. Purpose. The excess defense articles provision (22 USC 2321j) gives the authority to sell or grant
  articles no longer needed by the Armed Forces of the United States to eligible countries. It authorizes lethal
  and nonlethal support on a priority basis to countries on the southern and southeastern flank of NATO.
  Defense articles no longer needed by the Armed Forces of the United States may be made available for sale
  under FMS procedures or on a grant (no cost) basis to eligible countries. The purpose is to modernize
  defense capabilities of eligible NATO countries on the southern and southeastern flank of NATO and to
  major non-NATO allies on these flanks. Eligible countries include Greece, Portugal, Turkey, Israel, Egypt,
  Morocco, Pakistan, Senegal, and Oman.