text: Occupation
  ENEMY PUBLIC PROPERTY
  6-107. In general, an Occupying Power may capture or seize the real (immovable) and personal (movable)
  property of the occupied State and use it for military operations or the administration of the occupied territory.
  No compensation needs to be paid to the occupied State or the use or taking of such property.
  Public Real (Immovable) Property of Direct Military Use
  6-108. Real (immovable) property of the occupied State that is of direct military use, such as forts, arsenals,
  dockyards, magazines, barracks, railways, bridges, piers, wharves, airfields, and other military facilities, may
  remain in the hands of the Occupying Power until the close of the hostilities. Such property may also be
  destroyed or damaged by the Occupying Power if it is deemed necessary to military operations.
  Other Public Real (Immovable) Property That is Essentially of a Non-Military Nature
  6-109. The Occupying Power is regarded only as an administrator and usufructuary of public buildings, real
  estate, forests, and agricultural estates belonging to the hostile State and situated in the occupied territory. It
  must safeguard the capital of these properties and administer them in accordance with the rules of usufruct
  (HR art. 55). Thus, the Occupying Power may use and enjoy the benefits of public real property belonging
  to an enemy State, but it does not have the right of sale or unqualified use of such property. Further, it should
  not exercise its rights in such a wasteful and negligent manner as to seriously impair the value of the property.
  It may, however, lease or utilize public lands or buildings, sell the crops, cut and sell timber, and work the
  mines. The term of a lease or contract should not extend beyond the conclusion of hostilities (see DOD Law
  of War Manual, 11.18.5.2).
  6-110. Real (immovable) property of the enemy State that is essentially of a non-military nature, such as
  public buildings and offices, land, forests, parks, farms, and mines, may not be damaged or destroyed unless
  military operations render such destruction absolutely necessary.
  Public Personal (Movable) Property
  6-111. An army of occupation may take possession of cash, funds, and realizable securities that are strictly
  the property of an enemy State, depots of arms, means of transport, stores, and supplies, and generally, all
  personal (movable) property belonging to the enemy State that may be used for military operations (HR art.
  53). Thus, all personal (movable) property belonging to an enemy State susceptible of military use may be
  taken possession of and utilized for the benefit of the Occupying Power. Under modern conditions of warfare,
  a large proportion of State property may be regarded as capable of being used for military purposes. However,
  personal (movable) property that is not susceptible of military use must be respected and may not be
  appropriated (DOD Law of War Manual, 11.18.5.3).
  ENEMY PRIVATE PROPERTY
  6-112. Private property may not be confiscated, that is, it may not be taken without compensation (HR art.
  46). This prohibition against confiscation of private property extends not only to outright taking in violation
  of LOAC, but also to any acts that, through the use of threats, intimidation, or pressure, or by actual
  exploitation of the power of the Occupying Power, permanently or temporarily, deprive the owner of the use
  of such property without his or her consent or without authority under international law. The prohibition
  against confiscation of private property does not extend to takings by way of contribution, requisition, or the
  valid imposition of penalties.
  Seizure of Private Property Susceptible to Direct Military Use
  6-113. All appliances, whether on land, at sea, or in the air, adapted from the transmission of news, or for
  the transport of persons or things, exclusive of cases governed by naval law, depots of arms, and, generally,
  all kinds of ammunition of war, may be seized, even if they belong to private individuals, but must be restored
  and compensation fixed when peace is made (HR art. 53). Private property susceptible of direct military use,
  such as cables, telephone and telegraph facilities, radio, television, telecommunications and computer
  networks and equipment, motor vehicles, railways, railway plants, port facilities, ships in port, barges and