text: Chapter 1
  1-74. When constituted, the field army provides Army, joint, and multinational forces with a headquarters
  capable of performing command and control across the range of military operations. The Army deploys a
  field army when a JFC or theater army commander perceives a requirement to command and control multi-
  corps operations. These situations occur when multiple corps-sized formations, including U.S. Army and
  multinational corps or a Marine expeditionary force, operate in a single operational area. Its most important
  Service role is as the ARFOR during the conduct of operations involving multiple corps-sized formations.
  The field army is best suited to serve as the JFLCC during these operations, but it requires augmentation to
  perform the role successfully.
  1-75. Field armies are most likely to be employed in theaters where adversaries have the capability of
  conducting large-scale combat. Currently, those regions include U.S. European Command and United States
  Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM).
  Note. The U.S. Army currently fields one standing field army headquarters, the 8th, which is
  located in Korea. However, the 8th Army is optimized for the extremely mature nature of the
  Korean Theater of Operations, and for the robust U.S.-South Korean alliance structure that has
  developed over the last 70 years. As such, the 8th Army may represent an imperfect model for the
  wide range of activities and responsibilities required of a field army operating in another region,
  under vastly different conditions.
  1-76. Field armies may be constituted in a variety of ways, including from a standing force structure, from
  the permanently established operational command post of a theater army, or from a contingency headquarters
  constituted for a specific requirement. When constituted, field armies provide JFCs and allied organizations
  with additional capability and capacity to counter peer threats. During competition below armed conflict,
  they deter such threats by being prepared to transition to large-scale combat operations when the risk for
  immediate multi-corps, large-scale combat is high. By focusing on activities that must occur in a subordinate
  operational area, a field army allows a theater army to maintain its AOR-wide orientation as the ASCC. With
  joint force augmentation, the field army may also perform joint roles during competition when operations are
  of such scope that the situation would exceed a corps or division’s capability. During armed conflict, the field
  army provides the basis for an ARFOR or JFLCC.
  Theater Joint Force Land Component Command
  1-77. When designated by the GCC, the theater army serving as the theater joint force land component
  supports GCC efforts to posture for a wide range of contingencies. The theater joint force land component
  conducts the GCC’s combatant command campaign plan as part of pre-conflict activities. Additionally, the
  theater joint force land component is responsible for setting the theater, assessing the theater and threats,
  developing the joint land operations plan, and conducting joint reception, staging, onward movement, and
  integration activities for the entire land force. When directed, the theater joint force land component may
  command and control the land force until a subordinate JTF and JFLCC are established. (See JP 3-31 for
  more information on theater joint force land components.)
  Joint Task Force
  1-78. A joint task force is a joint force that is constituted and so designated by the Secretary of Defense, a
  combatant commander, a subordinate unified commander, or an existing joint task force commander (JP 1).
  This is a joint role. Army echelons can provide the nucleus for a JTF, but they require significant joint and
  multinational augmentation to perform effectively. They may also require robust augmentation from
  nonmilitary unified action partners, depending on the mission. (See JP 3-0 and Appendix B of this manual
  for more information on JTFs.)
  Joint Force Land Component Command
  1-79. A joint force land component is a command within a unified command, subordinate unified command,
  or joint task force responsible for planning and coordinating land operations and accomplishing assigned
  missions. A joint force land component commander is the commander within a unified command, subordinate
  unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper