text: Chapter 2
  Reconnaissance in support of M/CM/S is conducted primarily by engineer reconnaissance teams.
  Engineer reconnaissance teams are composed of combat engineers and are focused on the collection of
  tactical and technical information to support the BCT freedom of maneuver and survivability of friendly
  forces and facilities. This requires the engineer company commanders to form and train ad hoc teams for
  tactical reconnaissance tasks that focus on collecting technical information and performing a limited analysis.
  Geospatial engineering teams apply information and services to improve the situational understanding
  of terrain. GI&S is the collection, information extraction, storage, dissemination, and exploitation of
  geodetic, geomagnetic, imagery, gravimetric, aeronautical, topographic, hydrographic, littoral, cultural, and
  toponymic data accurately referenced to a precise location on the Earth’s surface (see JP 2-03). The Army
  Geospatial Center (AGC) is a reachback capability that includes instruction, training, and guidance for the
  use of geospatial data to enable users to access and manipulate data. Common military applications of GI&S
  include support to—
  * Planning.
  * Training.
  * Geospatial intelligence planning.
   Navigation.
   Mission planning.
   Mission rehearsal.
   Modeling.
   Simulation.
   Targeting.
  FIRES
  The fires warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that provide collective and coordinated
  use of Army indirect fires, air and missile defense, and joint fires through the targeting process (ADP
  3-0). Engineering capabilities significantly contribute to this warfighting function when they are used to
  facilitate targeting. Geospatial engineers may provide template observer and firing points based on the line
  of sight and the slope restrictions and may analyze the mobility and suitability of potential targets and EAs
  to facilitate the repositioning of artillery systems. Combat engineers may be used to shape terrain by
  emplacing obstacles that enhance the effect of fires, construct survivability positions for fires units, and
  support mobility during displacements.
  Integrating engineer effects, missions, and capabilities into combined arms operations at BCT and
  above includes integrating the respective target or mission into the targeting process. This enables the
  selection and prioritization of engineer targets into the larger Army and air tasking orders. Engineer leaders
  on staffs must understand preplanned situational obstacle integration and how to shift family of scatterable
  mines systems during dynamic targeting. See ATP 3-60 for additional information on engineer tasks in the
  targeting process.
  SUSTAINMENT
  The sustainment warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that provide support and services
  to ensure the freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance (ADP 3-0). Engineers
  support the sustainment warfighting function by performing tasks associated with mobility and survivability.
  Engineers contribute by constructing base camps, ammunition holding areas, and revetments or other types
  of hardening of distribution facilities and by clearing LOCs.
  General engineer applications are primarily linked through a major category of tasks that provide
  logistics support in the sustainment warfighting function. As previously discussed, general engineering
  capabilities in support of combat engineer applications link across the movement and maneuver warfighting
  function and protection warfighting function.
  During the conduct of stability and DSCA, sustainment support may shift to the establishment of
  services that support civilian agencies and to the normal support of U.S. forces. The conduct of stability