text: Appendix C
  Using the Operational Framework
  This appendix describes the multi-domain expanded battlefield framework, followed
  by a detailed description of the physical components of the operational framework
  introduced in Chapter 2. The appendix concludes with a friendly force doctrinal
  template of echelons above brigade frontages and depths.
  INTRODUCTION TO USING THE OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK
  C-1. An operational framework is a cognitive tool used to assist commanders and staffs in clearly
  visualizing and describing the application of combat power in time, space, purpose, and resources in the
  concept of operations (ADP 1-01). Operational frameworks provide an organizing construct for visualizing
  and describing activities in time and space within the context of an AO, area of influence, and area of interest.
  This appendix expands upon the description of the operational framework in Chapter 2 by describing the
  physical arrangement of forces in time, space, and purpose. The primary purpose of this appendix is to
  provide a logical architecture that assists commanders and staffs with differentiating responsibilities between
  the four echelons discussed in this manual: theater army, field army, corps, and division.
  C-2. The multi-domain extended battlefield is not easily translated into two-dimensional operational
  graphics for the conduct of operations without a commonly understood mental model. The operational
  framework provides a means of orienting friendly forces relative to enemy forces in the context of large-scale
  combat operations and many, if not most, limited contingencies involving combat by division and higher
  echelon formations. Each formation fits into and employs the operational framework in complementary ways
  when each shares mutual understanding of the overall friendly, enemy, and environmental situations. The
  perspectives of each echelon within the framework differ because the focus, roles, and responsibilities of
  each echelon differ, but each perspective is linked to a common purpose defined by the higher commander's
  intent and an operational course of action.
  MULTI-DOMAIN EXTENDED BATTLEFIELD FRAMEWORK
  C-3. Adversaries of the United States are increasingly able to contest the joint force in all domains and the
  electromagnetic spectrum. The same is true for the informational environment. Some adversaries have
  capability overmatch. Peer threats, including China and Russia, have expanded the battlefield, and they can
  effectively contest multiple domains, the electromagnetic spectrum, and the information environment in ways
  that threaten U.S. interests.
  C-4. Peer threats seek to employ capabilities inside of U.S. AOs from a distance. Commanders and their
  staffs must consider and know this to account for the full range of possible enemy actions. For this reason,
  while AOs portray a geographic representation of where a formation is positioned, Army forces are concerned
  with enemy capabilities well outside of their assigned AOs.
  C-5. The joint force has similar offensive capabilities that can be employed from strategic distances.
  Commanders and their staffs plan for and request these capabilities early to ensure that they are available
  when needed. The ability of echelons above brigades to successfully converge these capabilities with
  maneuver in an operational area is critical; indeed it is this convergence that distinguishes the operational
  level of warfare and armies, corps, and divisions from other echelons.
  C-6. Figure C-1 (on page C-2) illustrates the multi-domain extended battlefield. It is a generalized spatial
  depiction of the nature of operational environments when space, cyberspace, electromagnetic warfare, and
  information capabilities are accounted for during operations. These capabilities have a global reach and can
  be located far outside of an operational area and affect operations. The multi-domain extended battlefield is