text: Foundations of Counterinsurgency
  • Avoiding overreaction to insurgent activity.
  • Ensuring the population has the basic level of essential services.
  • Developing relationships with competent Host Nation officials.
  • Using countersniper operations, especially at roadblocks, outposts, and sentry posts.
  • Reacting to the ambush of patrols and firing on helicopters.
  • Emphasizing countermeasures against explosive hazards (to include improvised explosive
  devices and mines) and booby traps of all types.
  • Controlling access to weapons, uniforms and other supplies the insurgents may use.
  • Protecting industry and public services from attack and sabotage.
  • Preventing riots, protests and other large population incidents.
  Lines of Effort
  3-48. All urban operations require careful planning and coordination, particularly those operations
  involving application of force. The most vital requirement is accurate and timely intelligence. Military
  forces must be able to communicate with police and other agencies involved in the operations. During
  urban operations, actions must be taken across the all LOEs. Examples of actions along each LOE are—
  Establish Civil Security
  3-49. Conduct targeted raids with HN security forces to attack key insurgent cells.
  Establish Civil Control
  3-50. Conduct investigative training for HN police forces to increase arrests and convictions; establish a
  block committee to control the population.
  Support HN Security Forces
  3-51. Maximize the number, effectiveness, and use of HN security forces to secure and control the
  population and to prevent the insurgent’s freedom of movement.
  Support to Governance
  3-52. Establish or convene local or tribal council meetings to identify and solve the underlying issues
  of the insurgency.
  Restore Essential Services
  3-53. Provide projects, such as the restoration of electrical power and sewer systems to blocks that
  support the government. Projects should provide positive reinforcement of desired behavior.
  Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development
  3-54. Provide funds to city managers to hire additional personnel and initiate economic development
  projects. Hire from blocks that are neutral to increase their support for the government.
  Conduct Information Engagement
  3-55. Conduct information engagements to highlight government successes and expose insurgent
  defeats and excesses.
  RURAL AREAS
  3-56. Much of the guerrilla warfare in the 20th Century occurred in a rural setting—the mountains
  of Yugoslavia in WWII, the jungles of South Vietnam in the 1950s and 1960s, and the jungles of Columbia
  in the 1980s and 1990s. The reduced potential for collateral damage, limited infrastructure, and the lack of