text: Appendix A
  * Framing an OE.
  * Framing problems.
  * Developing an operational approach.
  * Reframing when necessary.
  A-4. When framing the OE, the CEMA working group focuses on providing the design methodology team
  a full understanding of the current conditions of cyberspace and the EMS in which an upcoming mission will
  occur. By framing the OE, the commander and staff can determine the desired end state for the OE, including
  desired conditions in cyberspace and the EMS necessary to conduct operations.
  A-5. After the commander and staff determine the desired end state for the OE, the CEMA working group
  begins framing problems of identifiable cyberspace and EMS-related obstacles impeding progress toward
  that desired end state. Once each problem has been framed, and broad actions developed to prevent or
  mitigate each problem, the CEMA working group can now assist the commander in developing an operational
  approach to solving all issues identified. Upon completing an operational approach to resolve problems, the
  commander and staff begin a more refined planning process such as the military decision-making process.
  THE MILITARY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
  A-6. The military decision-making process is the most common iterative planning methodology used to
  understand the situation and mission, develop a COA, and produce an OPLAN or OPORD. The commander,
  CEMA section, and staff integrate cyberspace operations and EW throughout the military decision-making
  process. The CEMA section relies heavily on collaboration with staff and support in planning, integrating,
  and synchronizing cyberspace operations and EW throughout the military decision-making process as
  members of the CEMA working groups.
  A-7. The military decision-making process consists of the following seven steps—
  * Step 1: Receipt of the mission.
  * Step 2: Mission analysis.
  * Step 3: COA development.
  * Step 4: COA analysis.
  * Step 5: COA comparison.
  * Step 6: COA approval.
  * Step 7: Orders production, dissemination, and transition.
  STEP 1: RECEIPT OF MISSION
  A-8. Commanders initiate the military decision-making process upon receipt or in anticipation of a mission.
  This step alerts the CEMA section to establish the CEMA working group consisting of staff members
  contributing to the integration and synchronization of cyberspace operations and EW into the overall
  operation. The alert enables the CEMA working group to determine the amount of time available for
  planning, integrating, and synchronizing cyberspace operations and EW with the overall operation and decide
  on a planning approach to accomplish the task. The CEMA working group gather necessary tools in
  preparation for Step 2: Mission Analysis. These tools include—
  * Cyberspace operations and EW specific current running estimates, including—
   Facts regarding cyberspace and the EMOE in the assigned AO.
   Assumptions regarding cyberspace and the EMOE in the assigned AO.
   Friendly forces’ cyberspace and EW capabilities operating in the AO, including available
  technical data.
   Outgoing unit’s high payoff target list recommendations.
   Outgoing unit’s detailed frequencies of interest.
   Enemy activities and cyberspace and EW capabilities, including available technical data.
   Conclusion and recommendations for meeting the commander’s cyberspace operations and
  EW-related objectives.