text: Chapter 8
  company operations with intelligence received from adjacent and higher units. The team analyzes and
  reports information collected by the company while receiving, parsing, and reporting intelligence collected
  by other organizations. The battalion intelligence cell is responsible for integrating the various company
  reports into intelligence products. This is particularly useful when a maneuver company must collect large
  amounts of information on the local population and insurgents. A company intelligence support team can
  help focus collection, process information collected, and develop a common operational picture of an area
  of operations. Pushing analysts to brigades and lower echelons places analysts closer to collectors,
  improves the common operational picture, and helps higher echelon staffs receive answers to the
  commander’s priority intelligence requirements. Commanders may need to be creative in developing
  analytical capabilities within their units. Though it is not ideal, commanders can assign non-intelligence
  personnel to work in the intelligence section. (See TC 2-19.63 for more information on company
  intelligence support teams).
  8-11. In a counterinsurgency, a bottom-up flow of intelligence is important. Battalions and brigades
  develop intelligence for their area of operations. Higher echelons fuse it into intelligence of the insurgency
  throughout the combatant command. Higher echelons can also integrate the human intelligence that
  battalions and brigades receive with the other intelligence disciplines. Comprehensive insurgency analysis
  focuses on the people in the area of operations. It develops information about relationships among them and
  the ideas and beliefs driving their actions. Comprehensive insurgency analysis brings together all other
  forms of analysis.
  FUSION CENTERS
  8-12. A fusion center is an ad hoc collaborative effort between several units, organizations, or agencies that
  provides resources, expertise, information, and intelligence to a center with the goal of supporting the rapid
  execution of operations by contributing members. Fusion centers are primarily designed to focus collection
  and promote information sharing across multiple participants within a specific geographic area or mission
  type. These centers are not operations centers. Commanders at various echelons create fusion centers to
  manage the flow of information and intelligence, focus information collection to satisfy information
  requirements, and to process, exploit, analyze, and disseminate the resulting collection. Fusion centers are
  most effective if they have participation from all the key elements in an area of operations and
  representatives from all the warfighting functions. When possible, fusion centers include unified action
  partners. The intelligence portion of a fusion center typically comprises intelligence representatives from
  different tactical echelons, interagency partners, multinational organizations, host-nation organizations, and
  nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) operating in the area of operations. (See ADRP 2-0 for more
  information on fusion centers.)
  8-13. In a counterinsurgency, commanders and staffs must create shared situational understanding. Fusion
  cells are important in creating this understanding. The mixture of personnel and expertise allows for the
  integration of information and analysis. This is an effective means of understanding the operational
  environment from multiple perspectives. Fusion cells aid in understanding intelligence and informing
  operations to avoid unintended consequences.
  HUMAN INTELLIGENCE
  8-14. Human intelligence is the collection by a trained human intelligence collector of foreign information
  from people and multimedia to identify elements, intentions, composition, strength, dispositions, tactics,
  equipment, and capabilities (FM 2-22.3). For the joint force, human intelligence is defined as a category of
  intelligence derived from information collected and provided by human sources (JP 2-0). Because
  insurgency and counterinsurgency are struggles for legitimacy, human intelligence plays a vital role in
  determining legitimacy. Human intelligence uses human sources for information collection and uses a
  variety of collection methods, both passive and active, to collect information to meet intelligence
  requirements and inform other intelligence disciplines. Interrogation is one of the human intelligence tasks,
  along with screening, debriefing, liaison, and conducting controlled source operations in support of Army
  operations. During counterinsurgency operations, a great deal of intelligence is based on information
  gathered from people. However, military source intelligence operations are only conducted by human
  intelligence collectors. A human intelligence collector is a person who is trained to collect information