text: Strategic Context
  1-25. Consistent with DOD policy for SFA, the Army develops, maintains, and institutionalizes the
  capabilities of its personnel to support DOD efforts to organize, train, equip, build and rebuild, advise,
  support, and liaise with FSF and relevant supporting institutions.
  1-26. Security forces are duly constituted military, paramilitary, police, and constabulary forces of a state
  (JP 3-22). When directed to do so in accordance with appropriate legal authorities, Army forces conduct
  security force assistance activities in support of combatant command campaign plans and national objectives.
  Military Engagement
  1-27. Military engagement is contact and interaction between individuals or elements of the Armed Forces
  of the United States and those of another nation’s armed forces, or foreign and domestic civilian authorities
  or agencies, to build trust and confidence, share information, coordinate mutual activities, and maintain
  influence (JP 3-0).
  1-28. Military engagement is one of the primary ways SC practitioners achieve influence. These key leader
  engagements occur at all echelons up to the highest levels of the Army staff and sometimes include major
  combined staff talks. Although it is a common practice for military personnel to engage their counterparts in
  other militaries at all echelons, it is still critical for individuals and organizations conducting military
  engagement to understand and remember that the DOS has primary oversight for the diplomatic instrument
  of national power. It is also important to understand the limitations of influence achieved through military
  engagement. In most partner nations, major policy decisions are still reserved for political leaders, limiting
  the ability to influence major policy decisions through military engagement.
  1-29. SC practitioners should be aware that the DOS often uses the term military-to-military engagement to
  refer to military exercises, where the DOD considers these exercises to be a form of SFA.
  DOD Stabilization Activities
  1-30. Stabilization activities are the various military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside the
  United States in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and
  secure environment and provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction,
  and humanitarian relief (JP 3-0). One of the guiding principles underlaying stabilization activities is that a
  safe and secure environment must be maintained or restored in order to provide necessary governmental
  services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief.
  1-31. The nature of an OE may require U.S. forces to conduct several types of joint operations
  simultaneously, while also supporting enduring USG stabilization efforts. Although SC is not conducted
  exclusively within the limits of stabilization, it is a core prevention effort. Preventive activities conducted by
  the military often support USG diplomatic efforts before, during, or after a crisis (JP 3-07).
  1-32. Stabilization activities can be conducted throughout the competition continuum. Common stability
  tasks include—
  * Establish civil security.
  * Conduct security cooperation.
  * Support to civil control.
  * Restore essential services.
  * Support to governance.
  * Support to economic and infrastructure development.
  Foreign Internal Defense
  1-33. FID is a whole-of-government approach to strengthen a foreign government against ongoing or
  potential internal threats. FID is participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in any of the
  action programs taken by another government or other designated organization to free and protect its society
  from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security (JP 3-22).
  1-34. FID includes indirect support, direct support (not involving U.S. combat operations), and combat
  operations. FID can occur across the range of military operations. Army FID activities may be conducted