text: Chapter 19
  Table 19-1. Sample deception techniques
  Technique Deception created Example
  Amplifying To make a force appear larger and more Increase radio traffic through
  signatures capable or to simulate the deployment of critical the use of scripts.
  capabilities.
  Suppressing To make a force appear smaller and less Radio silence and
  signatures capable or to conceal the deployment of critical communication windows.
  capabilities.
  Overloading enemy To confuse or corrupt their collection assets by Use of decoys to portray a
  sensors providing multiple false indicators and displays. larger force.
  Repackaging known To generate new or deceptive profiles that Movement of critical assets
  organizational or increase or decrease the ambiguity of friendly to mislead organizational
  capability signatures activity or intent. size.
  Conditioning the To desensitize to particular patterns of friendly Increased targeting of
  enemy behavior and to induce enemy perceptions that enemy observation points to
  are exploitable at the time of friendly choosing. delude their threat template.
  Reinforcing the To mislead by portraying one course of action Suppression fires at a false
  impression when actually taking a different one. breach.
  Conditioning the To believe that an apparently standard routine Increased reconnaissance
  target by repetition will be pursued while in fact preparing a quite on the most favorable
  different course of action. friendly avenue of approach.
  Leading the enemy To believe that nothing has changed by covertly Using unfavorable weather
  by substitution substituting the false for the real, and vice conditions (limited visibility)
  versa. to replace a real force with a
  decoy force.
  Leading the enemy To believe that valuable information has come Leaving a partially
  by mistake into their possession through a breach of deconstructed terrain model
  security, negligence, or inefficiency. for enemy recon to find.
  VARIATIONS OF TACTICAL DECEPTION
  19-32. Tactical deception variations are operational constructs that encompass a broad range of deceptive
  activity and information integrated as a component of the overall plan. A unit may be told to conduct one of
  the two variations of TAC-D: feints and demonstrations. These variations are often best employed in TAC-
  D to support the commander’s objectives. These variations should not be confused with the tactical deception
  means; they are deliberate operations that require higher echelons approval. The selected variation and its
  use depend on the planners’ understanding of the current situation as well as the commander’s desired end
  state. All other deception guidance should be issued in the coordinating instructions or done to accomplish
  the commander’s intent.
  19-33. Units should consider cost of tactical deception in terms of resource expenditure. For tactical
  deception to appear real, units must dedicate adequate resources. Units should also measure costs in risk and
  flexibility. For example, it may be very risky for the success of a unit’s main effort to rely solely on the
  success of a planned demonstration. Should the demonstration not produce the expected enemy reaction, it
  could cause the main effort to fail. Flexibility is built into the plan by using branches, sequels, or executable
  deceptions.
  19-34. While feints and demonstrations are specific tactical deception operations, they are not the sole way
  a unit should use tactical deception. Units can use many of the variations of offensive and defensive
  operations to deceive an enemy. For example, units can incorporate a retrograde that forces the enemy into
  an engagement area. Units use their collective creativity, within the time, resources, and authorities allowed
  to develop plans that achieve the commander’s end state.
  19-35. Whenever units determine to use feints, demonstrations, or another variation of offensive or
  defensive operations as a means of deception they are required to gain approval. This approval comes from
  the commander that is two echelons higher than the requesting units, for example a corps commander is the