text: Introduction
  This version of FM 3-0 establishes multidomain operations as the Army’s operational concept. Conceptually,
  multidomain operations reflect an evolutionary inflection point, building on the incremental changes in
  doctrine as the operational environment has changed over the last forty years. In practice, however, these
  conceptual changes will have revolutionary impacts on how the Army conducts operations in the coming
  decades. The 2017 version of FM 3-0 introduced many multidomain considerations and ideas. This version
  of FM 3-0 codifies the multidomain approach to operations in terms of the combined arms employment of
  capabilities from multiple domains. The multidomain operations concept draws from previous Army
  operational concepts, including AirLand Battle, Full Spectrum Operations, and Unified Land Operations.
  General Donn A. Starry’s description of the “extended battlefield” and the associated concept of AirLand
  Battle helped visualize the battlefield of the time—a battlefield now also extended into the maritime, space,
  and cyberspace domains. AirLand Battle demanded the integration of air and ground capabilities to attack
  enemy second echelon forces at extended ranges. Today, multidomain operations require integration of Army
  and joint capabilities from all domains to defeat the enemy’s integrated fires complexes and air defense
  systems so that maneuver forces can exploit the resulting freedom of action. The ability to maneuver to seize
  or retain key terrain and exert control over resources and people for as long as is necessary to achieve tactical,
  operational, and strategic objectives makes ground forces foundational to joint force success. During
  competition and crisis, forward-stationed Army forces holding key land areas provide “stand-on” capabilities
  that counter adversary standoff approaches, reduce risk to joint force projection, deter adversary aggression,
  and achieve national and joint objectives. During conflict, maneuvering ground forces with the right
  capabilities ultimately enable operations in the other domains.
  Full Spectrum Operations accounted for the operations that Army forces conducted outside the bounds of
  armed conflict. This version of FM 3-0 updates this material for the present by describing how Army forces
  operate during competition below armed conflict and during crisis. It goes a step further than Full Spectrum
  Operations by describing how these operations set conditions for success during armed conflict.
  Unified Land Operations emphasized the integration and synchronization of Army, joint, and other unified
  action partners during operations. The 2017 version of FM 3-0 updated unified land operations and shifted
  the Army’s readiness focus from counterinsurgency to large-scale combat operations. It incorporated
  elements of the multidomain operations concept, particularly the operational environment and its
  considerations. This version of FM 3-0 retains the focus on large-scale combat operations. It also builds on
  the importance of integrating joint and multinational capabilities and expands the combined arms approach
  with a focus on creating complementary and reinforcing effects with capabilities from multiple domains. By
  deliberately looking beyond traditional methods of integration generally focused on one or two domains,
  Army forces can expand opportunities for the joint force and create more dilemmas for the enemy.
  The nature of war remains unchanged. The model for understanding an operational environment, specifically
  the physical, information, and human dimensions, reinforces the Clausewitzian idea that war is an act of force
  to compel the enemy’s will. In other words, physical action can influence human perceptions, behavior, and
  decision making. Although there are new capabilities in space and cyberspace, Army forces use them just as
  they employ any other capability—to accomplish missions on land.
  The logic chart for this manual is shown in the introductory figure on page x. The logic chart begins with
  identifying the methods used by peer threats to contest the joint force and how the joint force and Army
  forces counter those approaches through multidomain operations. Multidomain operations are the Army’s
  contribution to unified action, conducted by Army echelons in an operational environment consisting of five
  domains and three dimensions, and the strategic contexts of competition, crisis, and armed conflict. It
  concludes with a description of multidomain operations through guiding principles of war, tenets, and
  imperatives that enable Army forces to accomplish missions, defeat enemy forces, and meet objectives.