text: Chapter 2
  2-36. Table 2-4 lists several operational aspects and intelligence, threat, and other OE considerations
  associated with the air domain.
  Table 2-4. Air domain operational aspects and intelligence and other considerations
  Air domain
  The air domain is the atmosphere, beginning at the Earth’s surface, extending to the altitude where its effects upon operations
  become negligible (JP 3-30). The speed, range, and payloads of aircraft, rockets, missiles, and hypersonic glide vehicles in the
  air domain directly and significantly affect operations on land and sea. Likewise, advances in AMD, EW, directed energy, and
  cyberspace capabilities increasingly contest freedom of maneuver in the air.
  Threat and other operational
  Operational aspects Army intelligence considerations
  environment considerations
  • Army intelligence must—
  ▪Leverage the intelligence
  architecture, including intelligence
  • Control of the air and land are often
  from the intelligence community on
  interdependent requirements for
  the air domain.
  successful campaigns and operations.
  ▪Collaborate, participate in
  • Allows the attack of strategically Threat capability examples:
  exercises, and build intelligence
  valuable targets at long ranges. relationships with USAF, Naval, and • Nuclear weapons.
  However, requires land forces to
  Marine Corps aviation units; • Theater ballistic missiles.
  secure airfields and other
  CCMDs; unified action partners. • Cruise missiles.
  infrastructure.
  ▪Understand Army, joint, and other • Air C2 (ground-based).
  • Control of the air can vary over time
  Service aerial ISR and EW • Airfields and supporting facilities and
  and geography from no control to
  capabilities. logistics.
  parity, local superiority, and air
  ▪Build an understanding of and • Aircraft specifications and capabilities.
  supremacy.
  integrate with unique USAF • Aerial C2 systems.
  • While the Army, other Services, and
  capabilities such as Rivet Joint and • Radar systems, capabilities,
  coalitions/host nations have certain air
  Compass Call. limitations, and vulnerabilities.
  capabilities, Army forces depend on
  • Support other Services, CCMDs, and • Air ISR.
  USAF completely or in some instances
  for— unified action partners: • Close air support tactics, including air
  ▪ISR. ▪Conduct detailed assessments on controller capabilities.
  ▪Strategic attack. likely threat operations against key • Air interdiction tactics.
  ▪Close air support and interdiction. airfields to support contingency • Runway cratering munitions.
  ▪Personnel recovery (in some planning, as appropriate. • Rotary-wing attack, air assault, and air
  ▪Support air domain target movement capabilities.
  instances).
  ▪Sustainment and mobility. development on certain threat • UAS and drone tactics and
  capabilities, as appropriate. capabilities.
  • Air domain limitations can include
  ▪Support USAF identification of • Air and ground EW capabilities.
  weather, enemy collection
  countermeasures, and proximity of threats to key USAF capabilities, as • Military airfield use agreements.
  airfields. appropriate. Other operational environment
  ▪Support airfield protection activities. examples:
  • Army aviation provides—
  ▪ISR. ▪Support SEAD and joint SEAD. • Weather trends and forecasts.
  ▪Fires. • Provide Army forces— • Commercial air traffic.
  ▪Communications. ▪Current and forecasted weather • Commercial airfields and
  ▪Movement. effects through the staff weather infrastructure.
  officer, staff weather team, or other • Overflight rights.
  • Commanders establish control
  means.
  • Emerging aircraft technology.
  measures to enable Army aviation to
  ▪Effective and flexible support to
  operate unimpeded.
  Army aviation operations.
  • Army rotary-wing aviation uses terrain
  ▪Effective and flexible intelligence on
  to protect it from enemy detection.
  the air domain across all echelons
  for every mission.
  • Conduct signals intelligence surveys.
  AMD air and missile defense JP joint publication
  C2 command and control SEAD suppression of enemy air defenses
  CCMD combatant command UAS unmanned aircraft system
  EW electromagnetic warfare USAF United States Air Force
  ISR intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance