text: Chapter 4
  Security Cooperation: REFORGER 87
  In September of 1987, the III Armored Corps deployed from Fort Hood, Texas to the
  Federal Republic of Germany as a major part of Exercise REFORGER 87. III Corps
  reinforced NATO forces already consisting of V Corps and VII Corps, stationed in
  Germany. The scenario placed III Corps as the Northern Army Group opposing forces
  penetrating into Northern Germany. III Corps deployed all forces from Fort Hood as an
  exercise in strategic and operational mobility, as well as assuring NATO allies against
  Warsaw Pact aggression.
  The deployment involved 35,000 Soldiers from the 4th Infantry Division, 2d Armored
  Division, 1st Cavalry Division, 45th Infantry Brigade, 6th Cavalry Brigade (Air Combat),
  420th Engineer Brigade (Reserve), III Corps Artillery, III Corps Combat Support
  Brigade, and 13th Corps Support Command. The deployment involved extensive
  planning and preparation, deploying the corps main command post to monitor and
  control movement, marshalling and staging equipment, and drawing equipment in
  theater. III Corps demonstrated that it could move 11,000 vehicles across Germany
  from densely populated areas to densely wooded areas with speed while navigating
  peacetime constraints and obstacles imposed by limited facilities.
  Despite the limitations, obstacles, time, and distance, Exercise REFORGER 87 was
  the single largest deployment of U.S. Army forces overseas during peacetime. It was
  also the first deployment of a U.S. corps to Europe since World War II. This
  demonstration of strategic mobility assured NATO and Warsaw Pact members the
  level of U.S. commitment in defending NATO members.
  CRISIS RESPONSE
  4-91. During crisis response, the corps is the preferred Army echelon for use as a JTF headquarters because
  of the seniority of its staff and its deployability. A corps acting as a JTF requires a separate ARFOR because
  of the differing roles and responsibilities inherent in each. JTFs focus on the operational level of war and use
  joint rather than Army doctrine. Normally, the commander of the JTF exercises command and control over
  all forces and other resources in a JOA. Once constituted as a JTF, the corps operates according to joint
  doctrine. Figure 4-3 on page 4-20 shows an example task organization for a corps operating as a JTF in a
  limited contingency operation or crisis response.
  4-92. Corps support higher echelons’ efforts to leverage joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and
  multinational capabilities during competition. Unlike large-scale ground combat, the emphasis on other
  instruments of national power during competition requires increased integration of the corps with
  non-military unified action partners. This requires higher echelons to resource corps with additional
  capabilities and authorities when conducting operations to achieve competition objectives.
  LIMITED CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS
  4-93. In a limited contingency, a corps normally fills the role of the JTF or the joint force land component
  command. Normally, the commander of the JTF or joint force land component command exercises command
  and control over all forces and other resources in a JOA or ground forces in a JOA. If the corps is functioning
  as the joint force land component command, then it is also capable of filling the ARFOR role, and it often
  does. Figure 4-2 shows an example task organization for a corps operating as a JTF in a limited contingency
  operation or crisis response. Figure 4-3 on page 4-20 is an example of a corps task organization when
  operating as a joint force land component command in limited contingency operations.
  4-94. JFCs may also task a corps to serve as a JTF or joint force land component command during
  competition when situations emerge in a theater or operational area beyond a division’s ability to command
  and control. During limited contingency operations, a corps may serve as a JTF or joint force land component