text: Chapter 2
  during planning. For many of these factors, a commander may have to look weeks or possibly months into
  the future in an attempt to account for their potential impacts.
  Operational Maneuver: Turning Movement at Inchon
  On 25 June 1950, North Korean forces invaded South Korea. By August, the North
  Korean People’s Army occupied most of the peninsula, with U.S. and Republic of
  Korea forces confined to a shrinking perimeter behind the Naktong and Nam Rivers.
  For over a month, both sides engaged in a series of bloody attacks and counterattacks.
  On 15 September, while United Nations and North Korean forces were decisively
  engaged far to the south, X Corps conducted a two-division amphibious landing at
  Inchon, on the west coast of Korea north of Seoul. This operational turning movement,
  code-named Operation CHROMITE, caught the North Korean People’s Army
  completely by surprise. Simultaneously, United Nations’ aircraft bombarded North
  Korean forces along the Naktong River to support an Eighth Army counteroffensive.
  During the following days, American and South Korean Marines pressed toward Seoul.
  The remainder of X Corps captured the Seoul-Suwon area and severed North Korean
  People’s Army supply lines. Army forces soon averaged 10 miles per day over rugged
  terrain, with the North Korean retreat soon turning into a general rout. By October 1950,
  the North Korean People’s Army had dissolved into disorganized remnants fleeing into
  borderlands adjacent to Manchuria and the Soviet Union.
  INTELLIGENCE
  From adequate and timely military intelligence the commander is able to draw logical
  conclusions concerning enemy lines of action. Military intelligence is thus an essential
  factor in the estimate of the situation and in the conduct of subsequent operations.
  FM 100-5, Operations (1941)
  2-104. The term intelligence is used in three contexts: 1) The
  product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, Intelligence Warfighting Tasks
  evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of available information  Provide intelligence support to
  force generation.
  concerning foreign nations, hostile or potentially hostile forces
  or elements, or areas of actual or potential operations; 2) The  Provide support to situational
  activities that result in the product; 3) The organizations engaged understanding.
  in such activities (JP 2-0). In other words, intelligence is a  Conduct information collection.
  product, a process, and a function that facilitates situational
   Provide intelligence support to
  understanding of the enemy, terrain, weather, and civil targeting and information
  considerations, and other aspects of an OE. Intelligence is operations.
  inherently joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and
  multinational. Every aspect of intelligence is synchronized
  among echelons and with unified action partners. This synchronization occurs through national to tactical
  intelligence support. A single collection capability is not persistent and accurate enough to provide adequate
  intelligence during large-scale ground combat operations. Army forces will have to fight for intelligence.
  Army forces both benefit from and contribute to national to tactical intelligence and focus the Army
  intelligence effort through the intelligence warfighting function.
  2-105. The intelligence warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that facilitate understanding
  the enemy, terrain, weather, civil considerations, and other significant aspects of the operational environment
  (ADP 3-0). Specifically, other significant aspects of an operational environment include threats, adversaries,
  the operational variables, and can include other aspects depending on the nature of operations. The
  intelligence warfighting function synchronizes information collection with the tactical tasks of
  reconnaissance, surveillance, security, and intelligence operations. Intelligence is driven by commanders,
  and it involves analyzing information from all sources and conducting operations to develop the situation.