text: Chapter 6
  the right of appeal for the parties concerned. Appeals must be decided with the least possible delay. In the
  event of the decision being upheld, it must be subject to periodic review, if possible every six months, by a
  competent body set up by the said power. Protected persons made subject to assigned residence and thus
  required to leave their home must enjoy the full benefit of Article 39 of the GC (GC art. 78). For example,
  the internment standards in the GC should also be a guide for support to protected persons and their
  dependents who are subject to assigned residence in occupied territory (DOD Law of War Manual, 10.6.4).
  6-180. Further discussion of internment is provided in Chapter 5.
  PENAL LEGISLATION
  6-181. The penal laws of the occupied territory must remain in force, with the exception that they may be
  repealed or suspended by the Occupying Power in cases where they constitute a threat to its security or an
  obstacle to the application of the GC. Subject to the latter consideration and the necessity for ensuring the
  effective administration of justice, the tribunals of the occupied territory must continue to function in respect
  of all offenses covered by these laws. The Occupying Power may, however, subject the population of the
  occupied territory to provisions that are essential to enable the Occupying Power to fulfill its obligations
  under the GC, to maintain an orderly government over this territory, and to ensure the security of the
  Occupying Power, of the members and property of the occupying forces or administration, and likewise of
  the establishment and lines of communication used by them (GC art. 64).
  6-182. The penal provisions enacted by the Occupying Power may not come into force before they have
  been published and brought to the knowledge of the inhabitants in their own language. The effect of these
  penal provisions must not be retroactive (GC art. 65).
  ESTABLISHMENT OF PROPERLY CONSTITUTED, NON-POLITICAL COURTS
  6-183. In case of a breach of the penal provisions promulgated by the Occupying Power by virtue of Article
  64 of the GC, the Occupying Power may hand over the accused to its properly constituted non-political
  military courts, on condition that these courts sit in the occupied country. Courts of appeal must preferably
  sit in the occupied territory (GC art. 66).
  APPLICABLE LAW
  6-184. Properly constituted, non-political courts must apply only those provisions of law that were
  applicable prior to the offense and that are in accordance with general principles of law, in particular the
  principle that the penalty must be proportionate to the offense. The courts must also take into consideration
  the fact that the accused is not a national of the Occupying Power (GC art. 67).
  PENALTIES
  6-185. Protected persons who commit an offense that is solely intended to harm the Occupying Power, but
  that does not constitute an attempt on the life or limb of members of the occupying forces or administration,
  nor a grave collective danger, nor seriously damages the property of the occupying forces or administration,
  or the installations used by them, are liable to internment or simple imprisonment, provided the duration of
  such internment or imprisonment is proportionate to the offense committed. The minor offense must have
  been solely intended to harm the Occupying Power in order to trigger these restrictions. For example, an
  offense such as travelling without a permit or violating exchange control regulations would not fall under
  this restriction, but, nonetheless, may result in internment or simple imprisonment (see DOD Law of War
  Manual, 11.11.4).
  6-186. Furthermore, internment or imprisonment for such offenses that are solely intended to harm the
  Occupying Power must be the only measure adopted for depriving protected persons of liberty (GC art. 68).
  Penalties that do not deprive protected persons of liberty, such as fines, or less severe measures, such as
  arrest, are not covered by this rule.
  6-187. The GC provides that the penal provisions promulgated by the Occupying Power in accordance with
  Articles 64 and 65 of the GC may impose the death penalty on a protected person only when the person is
  guilty of espionage, of serious acts of sabotage against the military installations of the Occupying Power, or