text: Working With Host-Nation Forces
  * U.S. or multinational forces have their own national security objectives, while host-nation
  counterparts may have conflicting objectives from the national to the local level.
  * Literacy rates in many of the countries that the U.S. or multinational forces may partner with are
  often far below that of the U.S. or other western countries. Lack of formal education, however,
  does not preclude the host nation from being capable of understanding the western style of
  military planning.
  * Access to computer technology in various host nations often does not match that of the U.S. or
  western countries. Commanders and staffs may have to use manual methods of data collection,
  storage, and dissemination.
  * Instructional programs, whether computer based or done on a terrain model, are based on
  western preference for the presentation of information through visual modalities. Successful
  counterinsurgency operations require U.S. or multinational advisors to imbue their host-nation
  security force counterparts with the capability to process raw data into information that provides
  knowledge and leads to an understanding of an operational environment.
  * Security classification of host-nation counterparts.
  * Foreign disclosure restrictions.
  11-43. Regardless of the difficulties of parallel planning, U.S. and multinational forces make every effort
  to understand host-nation planning capabilities prior to conducting operations. Despite the many challenges
  presented by conducting parallel planning with host-nation security forces, U.S. and multinational forces
  should be completely integrated into the planning process as early as possible because the host nation can
  potentially bring to the counterinsurgency specific and essential abilities. (See table 11-2 for examples of
  host-nation contributions.)
  Table 11-2. Host-nation contributions
  Task Reason for contribution
  Understand an operational An area of operations is a host nation’s home and its
  environment culture; a host-nation force knows the language, the
  different groups, the political situation, educational levels,
  economic considerations, historical bad actors, and
  unofficial community leaders.
  Provide human intelligence Host-nation security forces may be able to better gather
  information that leads to human intelligence for many
  reasons, including speaking the same language and
  understanding the important players in the area.
  Put the pieces together Host-nation forces can often better integrate the different
  fragments of intelligence into the context of an operational
  environment.
  Determine credibility of Host-nation forces possess a vastly superior sense of
  intelligence assets (sources, cultural intelligence and may be able to assist in assigning
  walk-ins, call-ins) credibility to sources.
  Validate and check Host-nation forces can assist in confirming the locally hired
  interpreters interpreters’ abilities to interpret.
  Identify and root out Host-nation forces can pick out minute differences between
  infiltrators normal and abnormal behaviors.
  Gain information superiority Host-nation forces can help write messages that may
  resonate with the local population.
  Vet locally hired personnel for Host-nation forces have access to resources not
  counterintelligence and necessarily available to U.S. personnel.
  security purposes
  11-44. Tactical-level planners in the U.S. military employ either the military decisionmaking process or
  the Marine Corps planning process to gain an understanding of an operational environment, identify the