text: Chapter 4
  COMMUNICATION
  4-36. Effective communication is essential when operating in the complex and ever evolving AMD
  operational environment. The information being transmitted must be timely, relevant, and, most importantly,
  must equal the information being received. Due to these requirements, every effort must be made to ensure
  voice and data communication networks are established and maintained through all phases of operations.
  Outages to networks must be addressed immediately. When outages do occur, established degraded
  communication procedures must be followed to ensure safe and effective continuity of operations until
  networks are restored.
  4-37. One way to deal with degraded communications is through primary, alternate, contingency, and
  emergency (also known as PACE) communication planning. PACE plan establishes the methods of
  communications, typically from higher echelons to lower echelons. A good plan establishes redundancy so
  that communications are always available, while ensuring that an alternate or contingency method of
  communications does not rely on the primary.
  COORDINATION
  4-38. Inherent in command and control relationships is coordination of efforts. Coordination is a continuous
  process extending from initial planning for AMD operations through their execution. Coordination of
  functions and actions is effected by ADA officers in organizations and elements at the various Army, joint,
  and multinational levels. The primary AMD coordinators are the AAMDC commander; AAMDC and ADA
  brigade air defense artillery fire control officer (ADAFCO); AMD section chiefs in the theater, corps, and
  division headquarters; and the ADAM cell ADA officers in BCTs and other specified brigades. However, all
  ADA officers down to platoon level execute coordination tasks with their supported and supporting
  commanders.
  4-39. AMD coordinators ensure that ADA plans and operations are synchronized with and integrated into
  the plans and operations across the land, sea, and air domains. Key coordination tasks (echelon dependent)
  include:
  * Advise commanders and their staffs of the AMD capabilities, unit locations and statuses.
  * Assess air and missile threats and supported commanders’ priorities in order to optimize defense
  planning.
  * Inform protection cells in corps and below of current operations and future AMD plans.
  * Assist the fire support coordinator in integrating attack operations priorities into the forces
  targeting process.
  * Request and disseminate AMD information to include airspace control measures or restrictions.
  * Develop the AMD appendix in the operations plan.
  * Assist in facilitating force protection and sustainment support for ADA units.
  4-40. Additional discussion of the specific responsibilities of individual AMD coordinators are contained in
  section IV, below, and in chapters 4 through 9.
  AUTHORITIES: COMMAND AND CONTROL
  4-41. Command and control is the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander
  over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission (JP 1). Command of AMD forces
  and the control of AMD fires are derived from separate authorities. Army commanders exercise legal
  authority and responsibility for the ADA formations assigned to them or otherwise placed under their
  operational control. However, because AMD fires occur in the airspace, they are controlled by the AADC.
  The area air defense commander is the component commander with the preponderance of air defense
  capability and the required command, control, and communications capabilities who is assigned by the joint
  force commander to plan and execute integrated air defense operations (JP 3-01). The AADC establishes the
  AMD ROE for the theater of operations. The separation of command responsibility from the authority to
  control AMD fires presents unique challenges for ADA commanders. They must command their ADA forces
  in the planning, preparation, and execution of the AMD mission, but at the same time, they engage air threats