text: Chapter 10
  when the operation does not unfold as planned (JP 3-0). It is critical that the AATF planners receive the
  commander’sintentas soonas possibleafterthemission isreceived.Evenifthegroundtacticalplan is not
  complete,airassaultplanningoftenbeginsaftertheAATFC issueshisintent.
  10-6. During planning, the initial commander's intent drives course of action development. In execution,
  the commander’s intent guides disciplined initiative as subordinates make decisions when facing
  unforeseenopportunitiesorcounteringthreats.
  CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
  10-7. Theconceptofoperations is a statementthatdirectsthemannerinwhichsubordinate unitscooperate
  toaccomplishthe missionandestablishesthesequenceofactionstheforcewillusetoachieve the endstate
  (ADRP 5-0). The concept of operations expands on the commander’s intent by describing how the
  commanderwantstheforcetoaccomplishthe mission. Itstatestheprincipaltasksrequired,the responsible
  subordinate units, and how the principal tasks complement one another. Commanders and staff use the
  operationalframeworktohelpconceptualizeanddescribetheirconceptofoperation.
  10-8. The operationalframeworkprovesthe commander withbasic conceptualoptions for visualizingand
  describing operations in time, space, purpose, and resources. Commanders are not bound by any specific
  framework for conceptually organizing operations; and use one of three conceptual frameworks listed
  below or in combination. These operational frameworks apply equally to both operational and tactical
  actions.
  (cid:122) Thedeep-close-securityframeworktodescribetheoperationintimeandspace.
  (cid:122) Thedecisive-shaping-sustainingframeworktoarticulatetheoperationintermsofpurpose.
  (cid:122) Themainandsupportingeffortsframeworktodesignatetheshiftingprioritizationofresources.
  10-9. The deep-close-security operational framework has historically been associated with terrain
  orientationbutcan beappliedtotemporalandorganizational orientationsas well.Deep operationsinvolve
  effortstopreventuncommittedenemyforcesfrombeingcommittedin a coherent manner.Closeoperations
  are operations that are within a subordinate commander’s area of operations. Security operations involve
  efforts to provide an early and accurate warning of enemy operations and to provide time and maneuver
  spacewithinwhichtoreacttotheenemy.
  10-10. The decisive-shaping-sustaining framework lends itself to a broad conceptual orientation. The
  decisive operation is the operation that directly accomplishes the mission (ADRP 3-0). It determines the
  outcome of a major operation, battle, or engagement. A shaping operation is an operation that establishes
  conditions for the decisive operation through effects on the enemy, other actors, and the terrain
  (ADRP 3-0). A sustaining operation is an operation at any echelon that enables the decisive operation or
  shapingoperationbygeneratingandmaintainingcombatpower(ADRP 3-0).
  10-11. The main and supporting efforts operational framework—simpler than other organizing
  frameworks—focuses on prioritizing effort among subordinate units. Therefore, leaders can use the main
  and supporting efforts with either the deep-close-security framework or the decisive-shaping-sustaining
  framework.Themaineffort is a designatedsubordinateunit whose missionat a givenpoint intime is most
  critical to overall mission success. It usually is weighted with the preponderance of combat power
  (ADRP 3-0). A supporting effort is a designated subordinate unit with a mission that supports the success
  ofthe maineffort(ADRP 3-0).(RefertoADRP 3-0 for moreinformation.)
  DECISIVE-SHAPING-SUSTAININGFRAMEWORKEXAMPLE
  10-12. Commanders identify the decisive operation and unit(s) responsible for conducting the decisive
  operation. This allows them to articulate their shaping operations and the principal task of the units
  assignedeachshapingoperation.Commanderscompletetheir CONOPSwithsustainingactionsessentialto
  thesuccessofdecisiveandshapingoperations.
  DecisiveOperations
  10-13. In figure 10-1, the AATF has been directed byits higher headquarters to conduct an air assault to
  destroyenemyforcesonObjectiveHorse.TheAATFCdeterminesthathisdecisiveoperationis theattack