text: Conduct of Hostilities
  Distinctive and Visible Signs to Identify Civilian Objects as Such
  Certain distinctive and visible signs that are intended to identify to the enemy that an object is
  protected as a civilian object under LOAC must not be used by that party for other purposes.
  Markings for Cultural Property
  The distinctive emblem for cultural property may not be used for other purposes.
  FEIGNING NON-HOSTILE RELATIONS
  Feigning non-hostile relations between belligerents diminishes the legitimate activities that depend
  upon a degree of mutual respect and trust between hostile forces and therefore is prohibited. (See paragraphs
  2-146 through 2-150 on good faith; see generally Chapter 7).
  LAWFUL DECEPTION AND RUSES OF WAR
  Deception involves those measures designed to mislead the enemy by manipulation, distortion, or
  falsification of information to induce it to react in a manner prejudicial to its interests. Ruses of war are lawful
  acts of deception. Ruses of war are acts that are intended to mislead an adversary or induce it to act recklessly,
  but that do not infringe upon LOAC and, moreover, are not perfidious because they do not invite the
  confidence of an adversary with respect to protection under that law with the intent to kill or wound (see
  DOD Law of War Manual, 5.25.1).
  Ruses of war are methods, resources, and techniques that can be used either to convey false
  information or deny information to opposing forces. They include physical, technical, or administrative
  means. Legitimate deception activities include, but are not limited to, using surprise, ambush, camouflage,
  deceptive lighting, decoys, flares, obscurants, chaff, aerosol material, or dissemination devices; feigning
  flights, attacks, or withdrawals; simulating quiet or inactivity; using small forces to simulate larger units;
  transmitting false or misleading messages; intensifying or minimizing message traffic; using enemy codes,
  signals, or passwords; deliberately planting false information; using dummy material; removing unit
  identification from units, equipment, or personnel; and using electronic warfare measures.
  Ruses are acts intended to mislead an adversary or induce it to act recklessly. Ruses may be used for
  a variety of purposes, such as:
  * To facilitate surprise attacks or ambushes by:
   Misleading the enemy as to the planned targets or locations of military operations;
   Using “bait” to lead the enemy into a trap; or
   Distracting or disorienting the enemy;
  * To induce enemy forces to waste their resources;
  * To induce enemy forces to surrender by falsely alleging military superiority;
  * To provoke friendly fire among enemy forces; or
  * To cause confusion among enemy forces.
  Ruses do not infringe on LOAC. Misusing a protected sign or symbol would not constitute a ruse
  because it would violate LOAC. Similarly, although fighting in the enemy’s uniform would not be perfidy
  because enemy military personnel are not generally protected by LOAC in this regard, fighting in the enemy’s
  uniform also would not be a lawful ruse or deception because such action would infringe upon the rule against
  improper use of the enemy’s uniform.
  Ruses are not perfidious because they do not invite the confidence of an adversary with respect to
  protection under LOAC with the intent to kill or wound that adversary.
  Examples of Ruses
  Often ruses of war operate by misleading the enemy as to the identity, strength, position, or
  disposition of one’s own forces. Ruses of war include, but are not limited to: