text: Chapter 7
  counterattack, interdiction, EW, air attacks, and canalization by obstacles. The commander examines the
  enemy’s ability to conduct air attacks, insert forces behind friendly units,and employs nuclear, biological,
  and chemical weapons and determines how soon follow-on or reaction enemy forces can influence the
  operation.
  7-53. The commander and staff use available reconnaissance and engineer assets to study the terrain. By
  studying the terrain,the commander tries to determine the principal enemy and friendly heavy,light,and air
  avenues of approach. The commander assesses the most advantageous area for the enemy’s main attack,as
  well as other military aspects of terrain to include observation and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key
  terrain,obstacles,and cover and concealment (OAKOC). The BCT commander and staff assess ground and
  air mobility corridors and avenues of approach to determine where the enemy can maneuver to reach likely
  objectives and to identify limitations on friendly maneuver and positioning. Identification of terrain,such as
  chokepoints that create potential enemy vulnerabilities and opportunities for friendly attack,is critical. (See
  ATP 2-01.3 and ATP 3-34.80 for additional information.)
  7-54. The BCT S-2, with the BCT geospatial engineer uses the Geospatial Intelligence Workstation to
  provide terrain analysis. The Geospatial Intelligence Workstation can identify critical terrain and position
  weapons systems and intelligence assets (see ATP 3-34.80). Once subordinate units know the area of
  operations,BCT units conduct their own terrain analysis using physical reconnaissance and the lineofsight
  analysis function in Joint Capabilities Release(known as JCR). Terrain analysis must achieve a fidelity that
  allows for effective positioning of direct fire weapons systems and observers. The analysis must identify
  intervisibility lines,fields of fire,deadspaces,and integrate the effects of weather.
  7-55. The staff weather officer, or higher headquarters staff if a staff weather officer is not assigned, can
  assist the BCT staff by supplying predictive and descriptive weather information for specific time periods
  and locations within the BCT’s area of operations. In addition,the weather program of record (for example,
  the Distributed Common Ground System-Army [DCGS-A]) can provide weather predictions and weather
  effects for a specific mission,desired area of operations,or particular weapons system.
  7-56. The result of the terrain analysis is a modified, combined obstacle overlay and identification of
  defensible areas. The BCT staff should transmit results of the analysis by any available meansto subordinate
  units. When the staff has analyzed the BCT’s assigned area of operations,the staff should expand its analysis
  to adjacent area of operations and areas forward and to the rear of the BCT.
  7-57. The staff determines enemy force sizes,likely COAs,and decision points through analysis. The staff
  determines the size of the enemy force that each avenue of approach and mobility corridor can support. The
  expected size of the enemy force drives the determination of friendly force allocation, fires, and obstacle
  efforts. The commander and staff use the enemy force’s size to understand how the enemy intends to utilize
  its forces and the terrain. The enemy COAs developed must be feasible and must reflect the enemy’s
  flexibility and true potential. All COAs,at a minimum,should analyze the following:
  (cid:122) Likely enemy objectives.
  (cid:122) Enemy composition,disposition,and strength.
  (cid:122) Schemes of maneuver including—
  (cid:131) Routes.
  (cid:131) Formations.
  (cid:131) Locations and times the enemy may change formations.
  (cid:131) Possible maneuver options available to the enemy.
  (cid:131) Key decision points.
  (cid:122) Time and distance factors for the enemy’s maneuver through the area of operations.
  (cid:122) Likely employment of all enemy combat multipliers including—
  (cid:131) Artillery.
  (cid:131) Air defense.
  (cid:131) Obstacles.
  (cid:131) CBRNstrikes.
  (cid:131) Dynamic obstacles.