text: Chapter 12
  12-33. During the conduct of any form of reconnaissance, the commander may require information about a
  specific aspect of the area of operations. To obtain this information the commander may direct a specific
  focus task which typically requires the use of an organization uniquely trained and equipped for the mission.
  Focus tasks include CBRN, civil, electromagnetic, and engineer reconnaissance.
  12-34. CBRN reconnaissance includes missions to obtain information on suspected or confirmed chemical,
  biological, radiological, or nuclear threats and hazards in an assigned area. CBRN reconnaissance identifies
  indicators of enemy CBRN production or employment, and indicators related to civilian or industrial facilities
  that could be weaponized or produce hazards when damaged or destroyed. (See ATP 3-11.37/MCRP
  10-10E.7/NTTP 3-11.29/AFTTP 3-22.44 for more on CBRN reconnaissance.)
  12-35. Civil reconnaissance is a targeted, planned, and coordinated observation and evaluation of specific
  civil aspects of the environment such as areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, or events (JP 3-
  57). Civil reconnaissance verifies or refutes civil information, supports operational environment assessments,
  and detects and monitors changes in the civil component. It is conducted over time through routine
  engagement and patterned civil observance using active and passive sensors, virtual sensors, and other means.
  (See FM 3-57 for more information on civil reconnaissance.)
  12-36. Electromagnetic reconnaissance is the detection, location, identification, and evaluation of foreign
  electromagnetic radiations (JP 3-85). Electromagnetic reconnaissance supports information collection at
  brigade and higher echelons using assigned electromagnetic warfare personnel and capabilities. Information
  obtained through electromagnetic reconnaissance assists the commander with situational understanding and
  can support signals intelligence activities. Electromagnetic reconnaissance may result in electromagnetic
  protection modifications or lead to an electromagnetic attack against enemy capabilities. (See FM 3-12 for
  more information on electromagnetic reconnaissance.)
  12-37. Engineer reconnaissance obtains information about the infrastructure, terrain, or threat. This may
  include data on obstacles, gap crossing sites, airfields, bridges, tunnels, roads, and trails. Engineer units do
  not have designated reconnaissance teams. Engineer reconnaissance is directed and task-organized based on
  mission requirements using assets that would otherwise support other engineer missions. (See
  ATP 3-34.81/MCWP 3-17.4 for more on engineer reconnaissance.)
  12-38. Ground reconnaissance elements are generally limited in the depth to which they can conduct
  reconnaissance. However, they can operate in weather conditions that prohibit aerial reconnaissance
  operations. Reconnaissance conducted by manned and unmanned aircraft systems complement ground
  reconnaissance by increasing the speed and depth of reconnaissance over designated areas. Aerial
  reconnaissance assets can operate over terrain that hinders ground operations, such as swamps, extremely
  rugged terrain, or deep snow. Aviation assets can operate at a considerable depth, far in advance of dedicated
  ground reconnaissance elements focused on close operations. Thus, aviation assets provide units with
  additional time to react to enemy forces. Manned and unmanned aerial reconnaissance assets use their optics,
  video, thermal imaging, electronic sensors, and communications capabilities to detect and report enemy
  activities. All types of aviation units generate pilot reports when conducting their primary missions. These
  reports are often a source of valuable combat information.
  12-39. While several technical systems can perform reconnaissance, most of these systems are surveillance
  platforms. Surveillance complements reconnaissance by cueing the commitment of reconnaissance assets
  against specific locations or specially targeted enemy units.
  12-40. Military intelligence units conduct supporting intelligence operations. They provide electronic
  intercept, UAS sensor feeds, and human intelligence, counterintelligence, and downlinks from theater and
  national assets. Theater and national reconnaissance and surveillance systems broadcast information and
  intelligence to commanders and provide near real-time imagery as a part of an integrated intelligence effort.
  Artillery and air defense target acquisition radars complement military intelligence surveillance systems as a
  part of that effort. Examples of human intelligence collection include face-to-face interrogation of captured
  enemy Soldiers, screening of the civilian population, and debriefing of friendly Soldiers, such as scouts and
  special operations forces. (See JP 2-0 or FM 2-22.3 for more information about human intelligence
  collection.)
  12-41. Division and corps headquarters have various ways to obtain information from space reconnaissance
  assets. Various sensors found on these assets use the breadth of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) to gather