text: Chapter 3
  Achieving Convergence
  3-22. Achieving convergence requires detailed, centralized planning and mission orders that enable
  decentralized execution. Redundant and resilient communications enable synchronized action. However,
  leaders must anticipate degraded communications and be prepared to rely on mission orders, accept risk, and
  make decisions to accomplish the mission. During execution, leaders seek to maintain the conditions of
  convergence through rapid transitions, adjusting priorities, shifting the main effort, or adapting to maintain
  momentum. Longer periods of convergence allow for greater opportunities to expand advantages and achieve
  objectives.
  3-23. Leaders must understand the various processes for requesting joint capabilities and integrating them
  with ground maneuver. Air, space, and cyberspace tasking cycles operate on different time horizons and have
  different requirements for requesting effects. These cycles may vary depending on the theater and the
  situation. Whenever possible, leaders anticipate requirements for these effects during planning and provide
  ample time for the joint force to generate them. Leaders may request effects on shorter timelines, but they
  should not make them essential to mission success.
  3-24. During competition, the theater army establishes conditions for convergence that enable deterrence,
  provide options during crisis, and enable success at the outset of armed conflict. Intelligence, sustainment,
  positioning of forces, and other activities to set the theater facilitate situational understanding, decision
  making, integration, and synchronization during armed conflict. The theater army requests cyberspace and
  space effects through the combatant command to ensure there is enough time to integrate and synchronize
  these capabilities. The theater army balances the use of these capabilities during competition with the need
  to preserve them for use by Army formations during crisis or armed conflict. When armed conflict occurs in
  a theater, the theater army continues to facilitate convergence by providing capabilities to the land component
  command and shaping the operational environment outside the joint operational area.
  3-25. During armed conflict, the land component command apportions joint capabilities to subordinate
  echelons. Corps integrate joint capabilities with ground maneuver at the appropriate echelon where forces
  employ them to achieve convergence and achieve objectives. The advantages provided by maritime, air,
  space, and cyberspace capabilities will not be available all the time, so tactical echelons must be ready to
  exploit their effects when generated. (See FM 3-14 for more information on space effects. See FM 3-12 for
  more information on cyberspace effects.)
  3-26. Convergence is most effective when its effects accrue and create a cycle of expanding opportunity.
  Employing multiple and redundant methods of attack increases the probability of success by avoiding
  dependence on a single method of detecting, tracking, and attacking. Success causes enemy forces to react
  and activate more of their capabilities, creating another opportunity in one or more domains. The corps and
  its subordinate echelons align their operations on land with the opportunities created by the effects generated
  by the other components of the joint force, preserving combat power to maximize their ability to exploit the
  opportunities convergence presents.
  ENDURANCE
  3-27. Endurance is the ability to persevere over time throughout the depth of an operational
  environment. Endurance enhances the ability to project combat power and extends operational reach.
  Endurance is about resilience and preserving combat power while continuing operations for as long as is
  necessary to achieve the desired outcome. During competition, Army forces improve endurance by setting
  the theater across all warfighting functions and improving interoperability with allies and other unified action
  partners.
  3-28. Endurance reflects the ability to employ combat power
  anywhere for protracted periods in all conditions, including Leaders account for the requirement to
  environments with degraded communications, chemical, preserve combat power while sustaining
  biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) contamination, people, systems, and formations over the
  and high casualties. Endurance stems from the ability to time and distance necessary throughout
  organize, protect, and sustain a force, regardless of the the depth of an area of operations.
  distance from its support area and the austerity of the