text: Chapter 5
  PROTECTION
  5-25. Protection is the use of internal control measures to reduce the risk of isolation incidents by reducing
  vulnerability. It is primarily passive. This approach emphasizes protection TTP to preserve the force and
  maximize combat power. Such tasks as training and education in operations security, survivability, health
  maintenance, safety, and chemical, biological, and radiological defense reduce the vulnerability. One
  example of a protection control measure is the existence of a robust personnel recovery infrastructure,
  staffed by competent people and interconnected with HN and regional governmental authorities. A
  potential shortcoming of protection control measures is that they contribute to a bunker mentality. The
  force fixated on protection looks inward and expends its resources on protection instead of reaching out to
  accomplish the stability mission.
  DETERRENCE
  5-26. Deterrence is an external protection control measure using the counter-threat of force to discourage
  enemies and mitigate isolation risk. Deterrence encourages the perception that Army forces can and will
  reach out and retaliate against perpetrators. Deterrence at individual and small-unit levels takes the form of
  presenting a hard target to a potential enemy. Brigade and below forces seek to convince the enemy that the
  risk in attempting an attack is not worth the potential benefit. Soldiers and units that always appear vigilant,
  travel with adequate security, and use every technological advantage to identify and track potential
  enemies, contribute to deterrence for brigade and below units. At the operational level, a well-advertised,
  rapid, and aggressive response to a kidnapping may give an actor pause in allowing operations in its district
  or may convince it to assist in the locate and recover tasks.
  5-27. A fine line exists between deterrence and the unnecessary use of force. Even for Soldiers serving at
  brigade and below, deterrence goes beyond just the use of force. The employment of civil affairs and
  military information support capabilities, frequent interaction with local tribal and political leaders, and a
  threat to withhold the benefits of economic cooperation with U.S. forces can discourage action against
  friendly troops and their mission.
  5-28. Not all risk reduction approaches work in all situations, but a combination of control measures
  contributes to the reduction of vulnerability and risk associated with operations in uncertain environments.
  All isolation risk reduction approaches have a cost. The cost may be in money, in the loss of contact with
  the local population, or the esteem of the international community. The situation in the presence of a hybrid
  threat is more complex. Danger from disease, an incipient insurgency, an external military threat from a
  nearby sanctuary, and an uncooperative HN government all call for a combination of risk reduction
  measures. Regardless of the combination, efforts in risk reduction pay off in increased protection and an
  improved climate for personnel recovery.
  DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
  INTERACTION
  5-29. The DOS mission includes helping to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous
  world. All U.S. forces in a host nation support the DOS mission. The geographic combatant commander
  coordinates with the chief of mission and the embassy staff. Normally, the DOS is the lead for personnel
  recovery activities overseas. In a few narrow instances, normally involving an active military joint
  operations area within a weak and beleaguered HN government, the DOD takes the lead.
  5-30. The DOS is the lead for stability. The American Embassy establishes relationships with a wide range
  of unified action partners to support reconstruction and stabilization activities. Partners include HN
  government officials, nongovernmental and intergovernmental organizations, and other groups and
  individuals. Important actors include civilian, business, and religious leaders (even those in opposition to
  the government); academics; and the diplomatic corps. Some of these relationships are formal, such as
  diplomatic ties, while others are informal, such as those with certain nongovernmental organizations.
  Access to all these partners supports the effectiveness of the personnel recovery structure within the host
  nation. In addition, the embassy may maintain informal, indirect, or clandestine contacts with individuals
  hostile to the existing government.