text: Chapter 2
  2-84. Once integrated into operations, CA forces utilize these civil networks to engage the OE and the
  information environment to—
  * Increase shared understanding of the civil component of the OE.
  * Increase freedom of action.
  * Find, disrupt, and defeat threats in the civil component, both directly and indirectly.
  2-85. When integrated with ongoing operations, these networks can extend the operational reach of the
  commander to access denied, politically sensitive, or normally inaccessible areas, thereby creating multiple
  dilemmas for an adversary force. The integration of these networks can increase the commander’s ability to
  reach desired objectives within the AO and reduce operational risk to the force.
  2-86. When feasible, these networks are developed and expanded during competition by CA forces. Under
  the control of a commander, the networks may be further utilized during large-scale combat operations to
  conduct CR and CE in their designated AO. These civil networks are developed to conduct the functions of
  government, assist in stability, or increase local civil capabilities and capacities. They may also function in
  areas where the commander and assigned forces do not have physical access.
  CIVIL KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION
  2-87. CKI provides the commanders, staff, and unified action partners with accurate and timely civil
  knowledge to update the common operational picture, facilitate decision making, update Army processes,
  develop branches and sequels for current and future operations, and inform all warfighting functions. CKI is
  the process whereby civil information is collected, analyzed, and evaluated; processed into civil knowledge;
  and integrated into the planning processes of the supported element, higher headquarters, USG and DOD
  agencies, international organizations, and NGOs. The CA company is limited in its ability to conduct this
  process, but the CA company commander is able to request additional support and capabilities from higher
  commands to support these requirements. The CAO staff, at every echelon, supports the development of civil
  knowledge and its integration into the operations processes and mission planning requirements of the
  commander and staff to achieve situational understanding at that echelon.
  2-88. The CAO staff, at each echelon, is responsible for integrating civil knowledge into the supported Army
  commands, processes, and warfighting functions. CAO staff integrate civil knowledge through the Army’s
  knowledge integrating processes and through integration with unified action partners. CA forces, at all
  echelons, are focused on the collection of civil information and data by the civil collection plan. The civil
  collection plan is a product resulting from civil preparation of the battlefield (CPB) that directs CA forces to
  conduct CND, CR, or CE to identify gaps in the CCIR, resources and capabilities within the civil component,
  and identification of civil strengths and vulnerabilities. CKI enables the commander and staff to understand
  and visualize the OE more clearly and provide situational awareness for all elements in the OE. The
  integration of actionable civil knowledge provides the commander and subordinate unit commanders the
  ability to achieve decision superiority.
  Note: Chapter 3 provides a more detailed discussion on CPB. Chapter 4 describes the process with
  which CAO staff integrates civil knowledge into supported commands.
  2-89. CA forces are trained and organized to focus on the CCIRs related to the operational variables of political,
  military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, and time (PMESII-PT) and civil
  considerations of the mission variables (mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time
  available, civil considerations [METT-TC]) in the OE. According to DODD 2000.13, this requires the DOD to
  maintain a capability to provide expertise in civilian sector functions that normally are the responsibility of
  civilian authorities.
  2-90. CA forces provide the commander with expertise on the civil component of the OE through the
  collection and development of civil data and civil information into civil knowledge. Civil knowledge is then
  prioritized and integrated into the knowledge management, military decisionmaking process (MDMP),
  targeting, other operating processes, and warfighting functions of the command. This civil knowledge is