text: Army Sustainment Operations
  CRISIS
  1-17. A crisis is an emerging incident or situation involving a possible threat to the United States, its citizens,
  military forces, or vital interests that develops rapidly and creates a condition of such diplomatic, economic,
  or military importance that commitment of military forces and resources is contemplated to achieve national
  and/or strategic objectives (JP 3-0). Sustainment forces must be prepared for a crisis that results from a
  military action of the adversary or crisis response that results from human or natural disasters. Sustainment
  is key to providing Army forces the freedom of action, operational reach, and endurance required to disrupt
  the enemy’s decision cycle to deter further aggression and return to competition. Sustainment actions during
  crisis response can be key in stabilizing the situation and demonstrating to our adversary that our forces are
  prepared for any transition that may occur. For detailed information see JP 3-29, ADP 3-07, FM 3-0, ATP
  4-92, and ATP 4-93.
  ARMED CONFLICT
  1-18. Armed conflict occurs when a state or non-state actor uses lethal force as the primary means to satisfy
  its interests. Armed conflict can range from irregular warfare to conventional warfare and combinations of
  both. Sustainment is key to Army forces entering armed conflict as it enables freedom of action, extends
  operational reach, and prolongs endurance for Army commanders conducting operations within armed
  conflict. Sustainment also provides the ability to deploy, employ, sustain, and redeploy required Army forces
  and materiel needed by a commander within an operational area to sustain armed conflict. For additional
  information see FM 3-0, ATP 4-91, ATP 4-92, and ATP 4-93.
  CONSOLIDATING GAINS
  1-19. Army commanders must exploit successful operations by continuously consolidating gains during
  competition, crisis, and armed conflict. Consolidate gains are activities to make enduring any temporary
  operational success and to set the conditions for a sustainable security environment, allowing for a transition
  of control to other legitimate authorities (ADP 3-0). Sustainment forces play a key role in supporting forces
  as they consolidate gains made during competition, crisis, and armed conflict. Sustainment forces can assist
  with regenerating combat power for continued operations, restoring infrastructure and key facilities,
  providing governance to local populations, and providing medical support. For additional information, see
  FM 3-0 and ATP 4-93.
  LARGE-SCALE COMBAT OPERATIONS
  1-20. The focus of Army readiness is on large-scale combat operations. Large-scale combat operations are
  extensive joint combat operations in terms of scope and size of forces committed, conducted as a campaign
  aimed at achieving operational and strategic objectives (ADP 3-0). During ground combat, they typically
  involve operations by multiple corps and divisions, and they typically include substantial forces from the
  joint and multinational team. Conflicts encompassing large-scale combat operations are more intense and
  destructive than limited contingencies, often rapidly amassing heavy casualties. Large-scale combat
  operations place a significant strain on sustainment operations and often include both conventional and
  irregular forces on both sides. For additional information on large-scale combat operations, see FM 3-0.
  1-21. During large-scale combat operations, the enemy has a wide range of capabilities to detect, identify,
  interdict, and destroy sustainment forces. These enemy observation capabilities can be employed to monitor
  sustainment forces at home station in the United States, abroad, and while moving within the AOR.
  Sustainment forces must be prepared to counter these measures from the strategic support area through the
  tactical area. Sustainment forces use mitigation techniques such as dispersion and masking of electromagnetic
  signatures to mitigate adversary effects and act as sensors for targeting. Sustainment forces must also be
  prepared for the pace and intensity of combat operations and trained, manned, and equipped commensurate
  with the supported unit to match the pace of maneuver units and maintain freedom of action and operational
  reach. Sustainment units should be prepared for the increased casualties that can result from large-scale
  combat operations. The ability to deliver replacement personnel and materiel to maneuver units will be
  essential in large-scale combat operations in all environments.