text: Operational Art and Science
  unit’s concept of operations and various schemes of support such as the scheme of fires, scheme of protection,
  and concept of sustainment.
  2-98. While division and lower echelons focus on planning and executing tactical movement and maneuver
  tasks (see ADP 3-90), theater armies, field armies, and corps focus on operational movement and maneuver.
  Operational movement and maneuver involves positioning of forces to achieve a decisive outcome in the
  conduct of a campaign or major operation. It includes moving or deploying forces into an operational area
  and maneuvering them to operational depths for offensive and defensive purposes. It also includes assuring
  the mobility of friendly forces. Operational movement and maneuver combines global force projection with
  maneuver against an operational objective. Operational maneuver sets the terms of battle initially and then
  projects forces into or through the depth of the enemy’s defenses. In a defensive campaign or major operation,
  operational maneuver shifts uncommitted forces into positions of potential advantage and directs them into
  attacks that capture the initiative or stabilize a defense.
  OPERATIONAL MOVEMENT
  2-99. Operational movement can be broken down into two subsets. One is operational movement from
  strategic distances or inter-theater movement. Inter-theater operational movement involves the movement of
  forces from outside of the AOR into the AO to conduct operations, and it is directly tied to force tailoring
  and setting the theater. The other is intra-theater operational movement. Intra-theater operational movement
  involves the shifting or repositioning of forces inside the AO, and it is tied to tactical actions or opportunities.
  The movement of large unit formations over operational distances requires considerable planning and careful
  control during execution.
  2-100. Maneuver of forces at the field army and corps levels are predicated on sustained movement, often
  over extended distances, prior to the engagement of forces. This sustained movement places a premium on
  developing and maintaining lines of communication and alternate movement routes, sustainment, and
  detailed planning to deconflict the movement of units as necessary. Field armies and corps do not need to
  solve maneuver problems for the divisions as much as they need to ensure that divisions and BCTs are
  positioned to maneuver with the necessary support. Without effective movement planning, and an effective
  movement control and sustainment effort, large formations cannot be positioned where maneuver is required.
  2-101. The potential commitment of multiple corps and divisions with their supporting formations into AOs
  with limited road infrastructure makes the successful integration of movement operations with maneuver an
  operational imperative. Successful planning must account for the movement of field artillery, air defense,
  aviation support, engineers, intelligence, and sustainment units to ensure uninterrupted support to the
  commander’s scheme of maneuver. Limited and dispersed mobility corridors place a premium on echelons
  above brigade headquarters’ abilities to control the movement of large units and sustain them.
  2-102. Operational movement establishes basic dispositions for forces and limits the range of possible
  subsequent movements and maneuver. At the operational level, movement involves establishing a base(s) of
  operation and distributing forces along lines of operation to facilitate their future commitment. It is important
  that initial force deployments can support the entire campaign because it is difficult to change lines of
  operation at the operational level after their establishment. The availability of lines of communication exert
  a dominant influence on the movement and operation of large forces.
  OPERATIONAL MANEUVER
  2-103. Operational maneuver involves the movement of large ground forces in conjunction with joint fires.
  Operational maneuver is the means by which the commander sets the terms of battle, declines battle, or acts
  to take advantage of tactical actions. Army and corps commanders posture their forces for initial and
  subsequent operations based on their visualization of the operational end state. The decision on where to
  position forces in preparation for operations is a critical one. Prior to the conduct of operations, commanders
  posture their forces to influence the enemy and to support their plans for future operations. Although initial
  deployment is important, operational commanders posture for subsequent operations based upon their
  understanding of their higher echelon commander’s intent. Changing the positions of large units once they
  are in place requires significant effort, therefore time spent planning where units are positioned is essential.
  A commander has to evaluate multiple factors that will affect operations, either favorably or unfavorably,