text: Chapter 6
  Weapons control status. SHORAD weapons are generally placed in weapons tight. See para 1-17 for
  a description of weapons tight and the other two control statuses. Reconstitution efforts are considered for
  each type of offensive and defensive operation. SHORAD commanders must plan and implement
  reorganization and regeneration measures for subordinate forces that have suffered attrition from enemy
  attacks. See FM 4-0 for additional information on reconstitution.
  OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS
  An offensive operation is an operation to defeat or destroy enemy forces and gain control of terrain,
  resources, and population centers (ADP 3-0). The offense is the ultimate means commanders have of
  imposing their will on enemy forces. Maneuver forces conduct offensive tasks to defeat and destroy enemy
  forces as well as gain control of terrain, resources, and population centers. Commanders seize, retain, and
  exploit the initiative when conducting the offense. Taking the initiative from an enemy force requires
  conducting offensive operations, even in the defense.
  SHORAD forces do not generally conduct offensive tasks. However, M-SHORAD, Avenger, and
  Stinger units enable offensive operations by providing defense against enemy air surveillance and attacks.
  Land-based Phalanx Weapon System units do not have the mobility to support offensive operations. Air
  defense tasks to enable offensive operation include:
  * Planning air defense coverage to provide freedom of maneuver for forces and their critical assets,
  to include denying surveillance by threat UASs.
  * Developing air aspects of the IPB in conjunction with the S-2.
  * Developing air defense priorities protecting forward based infrastructure, such as lines of
  communications and command nodes, from aerial attack.
  * Planning early warning and surveillance.
  * Maneuvering to maintain air defense coverage.
  M-SHORAD is the predominant air defense weapon system in offensive operations. M-SHORAD's
  mobility, survivability, and shoot-on-the move capability make it extremely effective in defense of
  maneuvering forces and other assets that have the potential to move forward rapidly, such as reserves,
  artillery, and maneuver support elements.
  Understanding the supported unit's scheme of maneuver is the first step in providing adequate air
  defense. Air defense priorities are established to ensure the effective and continuous support for the offensive
  operation. The M-SHORAD or Avenger battery commander and the supported force's S-3 develop and
  recommend priorities to the supported commander. Command or support relationships between SHORAD
  units and other units are directed by the S-3 in coordination with the SHORAD commander.
  The SHORAD battery commander must weigh the main effort and preserve the supported force's
  ability to maneuver. Because movements to contact are characterized by rapid and aggressive action, the
  commander should task-organize for maximum flexibility and plan for decentralized execution. Since the
  lateral movement may be to the left or to the right, the commander must read the battlefield, analyzing the
  terrain throughout the entire route of march and looking for key indicators to determine what the enemy is
  doing. The battalion S-2 will keep the commander informed of changes in intelligence assessments. The
  battalion S-4 will keep the commander updated on maintenance, ammunition, and fuel status as well as
  projected resupply. Decision support, synchronization, and execution matrices are tools commanders use to
  aid their flexibility and reaction time to contingencies and plan branches and sequels.
  SHORAD systems (except for Land-based Phalanx Weapon System) displace frequently, whether
  deployed in forward or rear areas. They move to support the maneuver force plan in response to mission
  changes. They also move to enhance survivability.
  There are four types of offensive operations: movement to contact, attack, exploitation, and pursuit.
  For more information on offensive operations, see ADP 3-90.