text: Chapter 1
  unilaterally in the absence of any other military effort or may support other ongoing military or civilian
  assistance efforts. FID under Army decisive action may be conducted to defeat an enemy or to establish
  conditions necessary to achieve the national strategic end state. FID is a unified action, and a synergistic
  application of all instruments of national and multinational power.
  1-35. FID includes the actions of nonmilitary organizations as well as military forces. FID activities may
  employ the indirect use of military instruments along with the diplomatic, informational, and economic
  instruments of national power. FID is a whole-of-government approach that nurtures partners towards
  democratic governance and military deference to civilian rule. FID principles intend to preclude the need to
  deploy large numbers of U.S. military personnel and equipment. FID involves the support of a host-nation
  standing government and its military or paramilitary forces. FID is a key supporting component of a host
  nation’s internal defense and development program. The focus of all U.S. FID efforts is to support the internal
  defense and development program to build capability and capacity of the host nation to self-sufficiency.
  Relationships Between SC and FID
  1-36. SC and FID have functional—not hierarchical—relationships. The primary differences are—
  • FID is a whole-of-government approach while SC (to include both SA and SFA) is focused on the
  security sector.
  • FID is focused purely on internal threats while SC (to include both SA and SFA) can be focused on
  internal or external threats.
  1-37. SC and FID overlap but neither is a subset of the other. FID can be broader than SC while including
  SC as part of the overall FID program. At the same time, SC can be much broader than FID because it can
  be focused on both internal and external threats.
  SECURITY COOPERATION PROGRAMS
  1-38. SC programs are typically accompanied by well-established planning, execution, and assessment
  processes, and although authorizations and appropriations for specific programs may change over time, the
  most enduring programs include—
  * Defense contacts and familiarization, which includes military staff talks, planning workshops, and
  similar events to facilitate exchange of best practices and the development of combined operating
  concepts.
  * Personnel exchanges, which involve the assignment of defense personnel, reciprocal or not, to
  partner nation defense ministries, military units, and other organizations.
  * Combined exercises and training, which involves multilateral exercises and/or training of U.S.
  forces in tandem with partner nation forces. Unlike most SC activities, their primary purpose is to
  enhance or maintain U.S. force readiness.
  * SC education programs, where the USG facilitates the participation of FSF personnel in U.S.
  professional military education (PME) institutions, which results in trained FSF personnel at
  multiple levels to perform broad tasks within an FSF and their supporting institutions.
  * International armaments cooperation, which comprises activities with partner nation defense
  sectors involving cooperative research, acquisition, development, testing, and evaluation of
  defense technologies, systems, or equipment.
  * Humanitarian assistance and disaster relief programs encourage and enable partner nation security
  forces to relieve or reduce human suffering, which results in higher levels of trust and confidence
  between FSF and a local populace.
  * Operational support, which entails the provision of defense articles, services, and logistical support
  to enable partner nation military forces to conduct or sustain active military operations.
  * Train-and-equip and provision defense articles programs, which allow the USG to offer training,
  defense articles, and defense services, which results in developed capability and capacity that a
  partner nation can employ to fulfill specific roles.
  * Defense institutional capacity building programs support partner nation efforts to improve security
  sector governance and core management competencies. These interactions result in sufficient