text: Fundamentals of Multinational Operations
  under which a nation’s forces must fight or participate. All plans and operations must include considerations
  for these caveats.
  PATIENCE
  1-24. Developing effective partnerships takes time and attention but establishes mutual confidence which
  enhances mission performance. Diligent pursuit of a trusting, mutually beneficial relationship with
  multinational force partners requires patience. Commanders must demonstrate understanding and patience
  when dealing with all mission partners.
  TRUST
  1-25. Trust is important for mutual confidence. Ethical principles guide Army professionals in their actions
  to establish trust, maintain teamwork, and communicate respect to all multinational partners. Mutual trust
  results from honest efforts to learn about and understand capabilities each member brings to the multinational
  force. Additionally, demonstrated competence, planning, and training together builds a cohesive team.
  SHARED UNDERSTANDING
  1-26. Commanders build shared understanding through a common operational picture, human understanding,
  respect for others, and standardized procedures. Sharing information enables effective information flow and
  shared understanding in multinational operations, not unlike U.S. Army-only operations. Planners for
  multinational operations develop and implement human, procedural, and technical dimensions. Effective
  information flow and shared understanding across a multinational force have human, procedural, and
  technical dimensions that involve—
  • Thoroughly understanding human nature.
  • Respecting cultural differences.
  • Including multinational partners in planning.
  • Sharing information and planning.
  • Implementing standard operating procedures.
  • Ensuring equipment compatibility.
  1-27. NATO and ABCANZ have established human, procedural, and technical dimension solutions which
  enhance the cooperation and multinational operations under these two alliances. New alliances or new
  coalitions establish their own human, procedural, and technical dimension solutions for challenges when
  conducting multinational operations. Multinational operations require a resilient mission partner environment
  (MPE) with robust information management (IM) and knowledge management (KM) processes to support
  effective information exchange and shared understanding.
  MULTINATIONAL INTEROPERABILITY
  1-28. Technical dimension solutions are easy with enough trust and resources. However, interoperability is
  far more than compatible networks and equipment. As previously stated, interoperability enables partners to
  act together coherently, effectively, and efficiently so they can achieve tactical, operational, and strategic
  objectives. The foundation of interoperability is broad, spanning all Army warfighting functions with human,
  procedural, and technical dimensions that commanders must consider. The human dimension builds the basis
  of the mutual understanding and respect fundamental to unity of effort and operational success. New
  coalitions or alliances should create a shared understanding first through the human dimension by exchanging
  liaisons. Liaisons bridge procedural or technical barriers by using a shared language and by being considerate,
  competent, and respectful. Mission partners build procedural and technical dimension solutions after human
  dimension solutions. Not all alliances require the same level of interoperability, but all alliances require the
  lowest level of human dimension solution such as exchanged liaisons. The procedural dimension ensures that
  Army forces achieve sufficient harmony in policies and doctrine that enable them to operate effectively with
  unified action partners (UAPs).
  1-29. Joint forces, which also require interoperability, face a rapidly evolving, multidomain environment in
  which highly adaptive and innovative adversaries create resilient formations, forces, and systems to support
  their strategies. Adversaries employ systems to achieve their strategic ends to avoid conflict and negate the
  traditional operating methods of the joint force. It is in this context that Army forces, as the primary land