text: _________________________________________________________________________________Chapter 9
  that may help to fill the void when a more sophisticated enemy denies the
  OPFOR a specific capability.
  NONLETHAL AIR DEFENSE ASSETS
  9-96. The OPFOR also uses nonlethal air defense-related systems, such as
  air defense jammers, radar corner reflectors, and GPS jammers. Such sys-
  tems are potential combat multipliers, when employed in conjunction with
  SAM and AA gun systems, to defend high-value assets.
  Air Defense Jammers
  9-97. OSCs can have air defense jamming units. These units employ a vari-
  ety of radar and communications jamming and target acquisition systems.
  Electronic intercept systems provide targeting information to the jammers.
  9-98. Air defense jammers target the onboard emitters of enemy aircraft
  used for terrain-following, navigation, and radar-aided bombing, as well as
  airborne radar reconnaissance systems. The goal of jamming these systems is
  twofold. The primary goal is to force the attacking enemy aircraft to alter
  their flight profile, bringing them into the targeting umbrella of SAMs or AA
  guns. Jamming the terrain-following radars or radar altimeters employed by
  attacking aircraft does this by forcing low-flying aircraft to gain altitude. The
  secondary goal is to cause the aircraft to miss their target or abort the
  mission through the disruption of radar-aided bombing and target acquisition
  systems.
  9-99. The OPFOR deploys air defense jamming assets, in conjunction with le-
  thal systems, to defend what the OPFOR has identified as high-value assets.
  Examples of these include air bases, major logistics centers, critical LOCs
  and choke points, and higher-level military CPs.
  Corner Reflectors
  9-100. Radar corner reflectors provide a low-cost and effective addition to ex-
  pensive air defense jammers. These passive systems can deceive enemy air-
  borne surveillance and target acquisition radars by providing false or multi-
  ple targets. Corner reflectors can also mask or distort radar reference points.
  GPS Jammers
  9-101. The OPFOR also can employ low-cost GPS jammers to disrupt aircraft
  navigation and precision munitions targeting. GPS jammers are also effective
  against cruise missiles.
  PASSIVE AIR DEFENSE MEASURES
  9-102. In addition to active air defense, the OPFOR practices a variety of
  passive air defense measures. Many of these measures involve use of C3D or
  maneuver and dispersal techniques. Sophisticated camouflage, deception, de-
  coy, or mockup systems can degrade the effects of enemy systems. When con-
  ducting actions against a superior foe, the OPFOR must seek to operate on
  the margins of enemy technology and maneuver during periods of reduced
  exposure. These and other measures constitute passive air defense.