text: Contents
  Figures
  Figure 2-1. En route communication procedures with pathfinders in a landing zone.....................2-8
  Figure 2-2. Comparison of air routes with and without a high-threat environment.......................2-11
  Figure 3-1. Air traffic patterns..........................................................................................................3-7
  Figure 3-2. 360-degree turnout. ......................................................................................................3-9
  Figure 3-3. Traffic pattern extension.............................................................................................3-10
  Figure 3-4. Minimum separation requirements.............................................................................3-11
  Figure 4-1. Landing point sizes.......................................................................................................4-2
  Figure 4-2. Standard flight and landing formations.........................................................................4-4
  Figure 4-3. Determination of ground slope. ....................................................................................4-6
  Figure 4-4. Maximum angle of approach (daylight). .......................................................................4-7
  Figure 4-5. Maximum angle of approach (night)............................................................................4-8
  Figure 4-6. Approach and exit path.................................................................................................4-8
  Figure 4-7. Example completed DA Form 7461-R........................................................................4-12
  Figure 4-8. Helicopter day landing site, staggered trail-right formation........................................4-16
  Figure 4-9. Helicopter day landing site, echelon right formation...................................................4-17
  Figure 4-10. Day or night slingload operation site. .........................................................................4-18
  Figure 4-11. Day or night cargo landing site, "V" formation............................................................4-19
  Figure 4-12. Night landing site with landing points for aircraft and slingloads...............................4-20
  Figure 4-13. Utility helicopter night landing site, diamond formations. ...........................................4-21
  Figure 4-14. Lighted night landing symbols as the pilot would see them from different
  approach angles.........................................................................................................4-22
  Figure 4-15. Intercept heading technique.......................................................................................4-23
  Figure 4-16. Terrain flight modes....................................................................................................4-24
  Figure 4-17. Placement of the inverted "Y" or NATO "T" at the number one touchdown point......4-26
  Figure 4-18. Placement of additional touchdown point markings for night use..............................4-26
  Figure 4-19. Placement of fifth light using inverted "Y," when coordinated....................................4-27
  Figure 4-20. Emergency night lighting by vehicle headlights..........................................................4-27
  Figure 4-21. Lessening the effects of loose snow on the ground...................................................4-30
  Figure 6-1. Recommended safety zones for high-tension lines......................................................6-8
  Figure 6-2. Example application of D=RT formula........................................................................6-12
  Figure 6-3. Example application of T=D/R formula.......................................................................6-13
  Figure 6-4. Example application of D=KAV formula. ....................................................................6-14
  Figure 6-5. Raised-angle marker. .................................................................................................6-21
  Figure 6-6. Drop zone coordination checklist................................................................................6-24
  Figure 6-7. Drop zone cancellation and closing markers..............................................................6-30
  Figure 6-8. Release point location. ...............................................................................................6-31
  Figure 6-9. Panel emplacement....................................................................................................6-33
  Figure 6-10. Horizontal clearance and marker construction...........................................................6-36
  Figure 6-11. The 15-to-1 mask clearance ratio...............................................................................6-37