text: Operational Art and Science
  describe operations and help to formulate their commander’s intent, operational approach, and planning
  guidance.
  Figure 2-2. Components of design
  2-7. The twelve principles of joint operations represent important factors that affect the conduct of
  operations across the levels of warfare. The principles are broadly applied considerations and their relevance
  varies in each situation, but they are not a checklist. Commanders consider all twelve principles, but they
  may not apply them in the same way in every operation. The principles summarize the characteristics of
  successful operations throughout history. (See JP 3-0 for a detailed description of the principles of joint
  operations.)
  2-8. Joint force commanders and staff use the elements of operational design when designing campaigns
  and operations. As some elements of operational design only apply to JFCs (for example termination), the
  Army modifies the elements of operational design into elements of operational art as shown in figure 2-2.
  Echelons above brigade headquarters frequently participate in joint planning and receive joint operation plans
  and operation orders. As such, they must be knowledgeable with both the elements of operational design and
  the elements of operational art. JP 5-0 describes each element of operational design in detail. The remainder
  of this section describes the Army’s elements of operational art and the defeat and stability mechanisms used
  in the development of supporting plans to joint campaigns and operations.
  End State and Conditions
  2-9. A military end state is the set of required conditions that defines the achievement of all military
  objectives. It normally represents a point in time and circumstances beyond which the President does not
  require the military instrument of national power as the primary means to achieve remaining national
  objectives. Determining the military end state of a campaign or joint operation links the operational and
  strategic levels of warfare, and is thus the purview of the JFC, not functional commanders or those of Service
  echelons.