text: Chapter 4
  * Apply antiterrorism measures.
  * Conduct police operations.
  * Conduct PRC.
  * Conduct area security.
  * Perform cyberspace security and defense.
  * Conduct electromagnetic protection.
  * Implement operations security.
  4-99. Civil knowledge is integrated into the RM process of the supported commander, thereby empowering the
  commander and associated staff with a greater situational understanding of risks and hazards that might be
  present in the civil component of the OE across the competition continuum and emanating from multiple
  domains. CAO staff, in coordination with the protection cell, also develop and recommend controls that reduce
  risk to the population and reduce risk to U.S. forces from threats and hazards emerging from civilian society.
  These types of risks and hazards to U.S. and partner forces take the form of local demonstrations, criminal
  enterprises, ineffective PRC, and lack of civil security and civil control. Each of these are issues that are
  ameliorated through effective local governance. CA forces support protection by identifying risks in the civil
  component and partnering with local civil networks to mitigate those risks and protect civil assets through
  effective governance.
  4-100. In consolidation and support areas, CA forces—in conjunction with other capabilities—may be called
  upon to identify and implement PRC measures. CA forces utilize partner civil networks, through CNDE and
  CMI, to enhance local governance capability and identify critical infrastructure and resources to increase civil
  security and civil control. These actions aid in the implementation of PRC measures while simultaneously
  freeing combat power for more tactical operations.
  4-101. In close and deep areas, civil networks provide information leading to early identification of threats
  and hazards of which the commander may not otherwise be aware. This allows the commander and staff to
  adjust plans as the offensive continues to push the forward line of own troops. Friendly civil networks can also
  be integrated into operations to conduct protection and security efforts in support of the commander’s end state.
  CIVIL AFFAIRS CAPABILITY BY ECHELON
  4-102. The CA workload rule of allocation provides a method to analyze non-echelon aligned allocation of
  CA force requirements. CA planners should understand this is the basis for employment, but not the only
  model. There is also a workload model and a workload command and control model. The CAO staff officer
  is responsible for providing recommendations to the commander on the allocation of CA forces to the
  appropriate headquarters. The CAO staff officer advises on the capabilities, capacity, allocation, and
  employment of subordinate CA units attached to the command.
  4-103. The CA company is the lowest level unit allocated by rules of allocation. CATs are not allocated to Army
  forces through rules of allocation, but CATs—based on the mission requirements—may be attached from the
  company down to subordinate elements of the BCT.
  4-104. CA companies and battalions are most commonly allocated as direct support elements for a specific
  command, but can serve a general support function (depending on the AO and the security of the environment).
  CA brigades and CACOMs are most effectively allocated as general support elements for a specific AO.
  4-105. CA planners should understand that figure 4-3, page 4-18, shows the baseline rules of allocation for CA
  employment, but this is not the only model. Urbanization trends will continue to challenge the proper allocation of
  CA units to ensure mission success. Larger urban areas may require a more robust allocation of CA forces per
  BCT or to adequately identify and mitigate or defeat threats to civil society. Furthermore, not all operations will
  be conducted in conjunction with a BCT.
  4-106. Figure 4-4 (which continues on page 4-26) depicts CA unit’s functions, operational scope and coordination,
  from the strategic down to the tactical level. Functions at each level correspond to activities from planning to
  execution. The operational scope represents the approximate operational area, and the coordination depicts key
  organizations that interact with CA forces.