text: Chapter 6
  United States Sniper Teams
  6-96. US sniper teams can be a very effective counter to enemy snipers. Not only do they have expert
  knowledge of sniping and likely enemy hiding places, they can normally engage enemy snipers
  or marksmen at a greater range than the enemy sniper can engage US forces. Their precision fires are also
  much less likely to cause civilian casualties than dozens of rounds from other weapons.
  Return Fire and Maneuver
  6-97. Before a unit encounters an enemy sniper, the unit must not only understand the rules
  of engagement but also war-game the rules of engagement to ensure the authorized level of responses are
  sufficient. Although the ROE and the tactical situation determine the response, ideally authorization should
  include the ability to respond with fire from all the units light weapons. If a unit can determine the general
  location of a sniper, it should return suppressive fire while maneuvering to engage the sniper from close
  range. This is not always successful because a well-trained sniper often has a route of withdrawal already
  chosen. Fire without maneuver will not be successful in defeating snipers.
  Obscurants
  6-98. Projected smoke that builds quickly is a good response to protect a unit from further casualties
  if engaged by an enemy sniper. It greatly limits his ability to acquire targets. The closer the smoke is placed
  to the sniper’s location, the more effective it is. If the location of the sniper is unknown or cannot be
  reached by projected smoke, a smoke cloud established near the unit can be effective in reducing the
  sniper’s chances of hitting a target and allowing a unit to conduct first aid and CASEVAC.
  Passive Countermeasures
  6-99. Passive countermeasures prevent the sniper from acquiring a clear target and prevent his fires
  from causing casualties. Passive countersniper measures are rarely successful by themselves. If passive
  measure are the only measures enacted, they may also create a siege mentality and pass the initiative over
  to the sniper. They include—
  Limiting Sniper Exposure
  6-100. If Soldiers limit their sniper exposure, they can marginalize snipers operations. Some examples
  include using covered and concealed routes, avoiding lighted areas at night, moving tactically while using
  traveling or bounding overwatch, and staying away from doors and windows.
  Wearing Protective Equipment
  6-101. Other sniper protective measures include wear of the Kevlar helmet, protective eyewear, and body
  armor systems. These should be worn any time Soldiers are exposed to potential sniper fire. This decreases
  the snipers' casualty-producing target area, which limits his effectiveness.
  Using Armored Vehicles
  6-102. Whenever possible, move around in the urban area in a protected vehicle with as little exposure
  as possible. Avoid open-sided cargo vehicles. Requisition or improvise vehicular armor against small-arms
  fire for all unarmored vehicles. This technique limits a unit’s ability to interact with the population,
  and should be used as a last resort.
  Erecting Screens and Shields
  6-103. Use simple canvas or plastic screens to make a dangerous alleyway or street crossing safer
  for foot traffic. Adapt screens on windows to allow vision out while hiding personnel inside. Use moveable
  concrete barriers to provide protection for personnel at static positions. Use common items, such
  as rubble-filled 55-gallon drums and sandbags, to provide cover.