text: Chapter 3
  * Installation of assets that prevent foreign object damage to rotary-wing aircraft.
  * Temporary bridge construction.
  * Port, airfield, and RSOI facility construction and upgrades to ensure access to the region.
  DSCA may require an immediate response. USACE maintains significant response capability, and
  they are normally involved in providing engineer support to civil authorities. USACE leverages capabilities
  and expertise developed through responsibility for military construction and civil works programs to prepare
  for assigned and anticipated DSCA missions.
  Engineer units tasked to support DSCA must be qualified urban search and rescue rescuer and urban
  search and rescue extraction through formal training. Formal training includes training on rescues involving
  rope, confined spaces, vehicles and machinery, trenches, and structural collapse as a level one or level two
  rescuer.
  DEFENSE SUPPORT OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES PLANNING
  Planning DSCA is significantly different from planning offense, defense, or stability operations
  because of the unique nature of the hazard or threat, although the basic missions may be very similar to those
  associated with the conduct of stability operations. The hazard (or threat) is a natural or man-made disaster
  with unpredictable consequences. Planners must be aware of the number of statutes and regulations that
  restrict the Army interaction with other government agencies and civilians during DSCA. Geospatial
  engineers can provide terrain visualization products that provide predictive analysis of potentially impacted
  and support areas. Local and state responses normally lead the effort, with a federal response providing
  support as required. Interagency response during DSCA operations is governed by the National Response
  Framework, which delegates responsibility to various federal agencies for emergency support functions. The
  USACE and other general engineering capabilities of the institutional force have the preponderance of the
  roles in DSCA operations. See ADP 3-28 for additional information about DSCA and the National Response
  Framework emergency support functions.
  As a military partner in DSCA, Army commanders assume a support role to one or more designated
  agencies. Engineers can expect to be involved in planning for the support of relief operations by providing
  geospatial products and analysis of potential areas to establish life-support areas. Engineers may be called on
  to provide manpower support or general engineering support from units with unique capabilities (water well
  drilling, temporary shelter, power generation, and firefighting). Engineer commanders and staff work with
  the planners to identify requirements and plan engineer applications.
  SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
  Army commanders assess the relevance and impact of one or more urban areas as part of the mission.
  They also need to determine if urban operations may be the sole focus of the commander or if they are only
  one of several tasks nested in an even larger operation. Urban operations are often conducted as a single
  battle, an engagement, or an operation. They are often conducted as a major operation, requiring joint
  resources. ATP 3-06 provides a framework (assess, shape, dominate, and transition) for urban operations.
  These are not phases or sequential operations, but rather a means to visualize the fight (or potentially the
  stability or DSCA operations).
  Geospatial engineers can partner with local authorities to share geospatial data and information.
  Geospatial engineers assist with the generation, management, analysis, and dissemination of geospatial data
  and information, enabling the commander to understand the physical environment. Geospatial engineers
  continue to support the unit COP by providing SSGF in a DSCA operation. See ATP 2-22.7 for a further
  discussion of geospatial intelligence cells.
  The assured mobility framework enables commanders to frame its fundamentals (predict, detect,
  prevent, avoid, neutralize, and protect) as a method to think about how to shape and dominate in urban terrain.
  General engineering tasks are prevalent throughout operations, but they are the major function during the
  transition to stability or during DSCA operations. Combat engineers work closely with the elements that
  enable M/CM/S. They must ensure close coordination with EOD in the reduction of explosive hazards
  (improvised explosive devices and unexploded ordnance) to minimize collateral damage. Engineers may