text: Command and Control During Multinational Operations
  cooperation objectives. The SFABs can conduct liaison activities in support of multinational operations
  during large-scale combat and crisis operations in support of U.S. strategic objectives.
  2-114. In many cases, a SFAB requires additional support. This could include intelligence, fires, and
  protection. An effective multinational force commander clearly understands the support relationships for all
  advisor teams within SFABs. The commander also recognizes an advisor team’s ability to expand combined
  combat power, enable interoperability, enhance partner performance, and enhance situational awareness
  through advise, support, liaise, and assess activities.
  2-115. During competition and campaigning, each geographic combatant commander is allocated a persistent
  SFAB force package. Conducting security cooperation activities under the threshold of armed conflict, a
  SFAB often falls under operational and administrative control of the theater army. Operations inside an
  established joint operations area give a multinational force commander significant authority and
  responsibilities. The joint force commander assigns subordinate organizations to conduct military operations
  in those AOs. The geographic combatant commander assigns tactical- or operational-level security force
  assistance tasks to the SFAB. (Refer to ATP 3-96.1 for more information on SFABs.)
  2-116. A SFAB works best when its higher headquarters, in coordination with the partnered nation or security
  force, gives it objectives for developing or integrating forces. Usually, senior SFAB commanders receive
  objectives through a tactical control relationship between themselves and their next higher headquarters. This
  allows the SFAB commanders and staffs to use their advisors and resources against those objectives in a
  manner best suited to accomplish the SFAB mission.
  Special Operations Forces
  2-117. Special operations forces capabilities complement conventional capabilities. Selected special
  operations forces are regionally oriented and have personnel experienced and conversant in the languages
  and cultures of the AO. These forces help with liaison to facilitate interoperability with multinational forces.
  When a commander considers using special operations forces, the commander must understand their
  capabilities and properly apply those capabilities.
  2-118. The multinational force commander designates a joint special operations task force to carry out a
  special operation or prosecute special operations to support a theater campaign or other operations in the AO.
  A joint special operations task force consists of forces from more than one Service. This commander
  commands with the preponderance of special operations forces and the requisite C2. The commander
  exercises day-to-day C2 of assigned or attached special operations forces and allocates forces against tasks
  to support the command. The command defines a special operations area for use by the special operations
  forces. Establishing a joint special operations area delineates and facilitates simultaneous conventional and
  special operations in the same general operational area.
  2-119. The commander determines where certain special operations forces best fit in the organization. The
  G-3 or S-3 integrates liaisons from the supporting special operations task force. The special operations task
  force may provide a special operations C2 element to the supported command. Personnel from the special
  operations C2 element may combine with the G-3 or S-3 current operations or targeting cells as well as the
  G-5 or S-5 plans directorate of the multinational command. This integration facilitates special operations,
  conventional, and multinational forces interoperability as well as interdependence. (Refer to AJP-3.5,
  ADP 3-05, and TC 3-05.5 for special operations forces and task force planning.)
  2-120. At the earliest opportunity, the command’s higher headquarters identifies the requirement for civil
  affairs, psychological operations, and public affairs staff augmentation. These units may require Reserve
  Component augmentation depending on mission requirements. Staffs understand the delay when requesting
  these assets because of the lead time necessary. Civil affairs operations, psychological operations, and public
  affairs actions are mutually supportive and have the potential to dramatically affect the perceived legitimacy
  of peace operations.
  CONSIDERATIONS
  2-121. Commanders participating in a multinational operation should consider and be able to answer
  affirmatively the following questions about a force’s participation in the operation.