text: Sustainment Operations in a Maritime Environment
  warfare to disrupt sea LOCs and the use of air assets and missiles to attack from a distance. Sustainment
  leaders must consider methods for securing sea and aerial LOCs from the rear area. These methods may
  include incorporation of naval assets to protect sea LOCs and air and missile defense systems to protect
  against aerial threats.
  SUPPORT AREA OPERATIONS
  6-36. Support area operations are a critical part of rear operations. A support area is where units position,
  employ, and protect base sustainment assets and LOCs required to sustain, enable, and control operations.
  Support area operations include sustainment for the echelon and relevant security operations. Support area
  operations enable the tempo of deep and close operations. They require detailed planning to coordinate
  among the various units providing sustainment, protection, and security.
  6-37. In a maritime environment, the support area may be on an island where operations are occurring, or it
  may be separated by water and located on a different island. Support area operations in a maritime
  environment require detailed planning. Commanders must balance requirements to protect rear and support
  area operations with the tempo and needs of units in close and deep area operations. See FM 3-0 for additional
  considerations when conducting support area operations. These critical areas may be vulnerable to enemy
  attack, and they require increased protection from potential enemy fires, submarines, and air threats. Some
  planning considerations for establishing support areas in a maritime environment include, but are not limited
  to—
  • Enemy maneuver and fires units that threaten current and future support area operations.
  • Additional forces required to protect the support area.
  • Command and control nodes that will occupy the support area.
  • Command and support relationships between units in the support area.
  • Transportation networks (road, rail, inland waterways, and air) into and out of the area.
  • Protection from enemy indirect fire assets.
  • Survivability.
  • Dispersion, terrain management, and defensive responsibilities.
  SECTION II – SUSTAINMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE MARITIME
  ENVIRONMENT
  6-38. Operations in a maritime environment will more than likely be joint in nature and involve naval and
  air components. Such operations provide unique considerations for sustainment units. Sustainment forces
  must be prepared to operate in a dispersed nature on individual islands. Sustainment leaders must be prepared
  for the challenges of command and control, supporting joint offensive operations, and sustaining large-scale
  combat operations.
  MARITIME COMMAND AND CONTROL
  6-39. The theater Army will continue to be the senior Army headquarters in the CCMD. Its operational
  responsibilities include command of forces, direction of operations, and control of assigned operational areas.
  In a maritime environment, the theater Army will serve as the joint force land component commander for
  joint operations and provide the JFC with recommendations on allocation and employment of Army forces
  in the AOR. Given the size of an AOR for most maritime environments and the distance between land areas,
  there may be multiple active JOAs, each with separate headquarters.
  6-40. The theater Army will continue to provide mobility to maneuver forces and conduct sustainment
  operations in the maritime environment through its assigned JTF headquarters or TSC. The headquarters
  supporting operations must be prepared for the challenges of lengthened LOCs and the dispersed nature of
  sustainment operations in the maritime environment. Sustainment leaders must be prepared to command and
  control sustainment units that may be supporting either offensive, defensive, or stability operations.
  6-41. Sustainment leaders must be prepared for the communication and information challenges of operating
  in a maritime environment. Lengthened LOCs and activities of adversaries may impact communications and
  the ability to command and control sustainment forces. Leaders must understand these challenges and come
  up with unique solutions to overcome them.