text: Chapter 2
  Foundations of Insurgency
  “It is certainly easier to launch an insurgency than it is to repress it.”
  David Galula, Counterinsurgency Warfare.
  An insurgency and the operational environment must be understood before the
  insurgency can be defeated. Tools that assist the counterinsurgent in understanding
  and predicting the insurgent’s actions are the five elements of an insurgency, the eight
  dynamics of an insurgency, the six insurgent strategies, insurgent tactics, and the
  strengths and vulnerabilities of insurgents. Together these tools, known as the
  components and manifestations of an insurgency, provide leaders at all levels a means
  to comprehend and defeat the insurgent.
  Section I—OVERVIEW
  This section introduces the relationship between the components and the manifestations of an insurgency. If a
  counterinsurgent understands both the components and manifestations of the insurgency, then the unit can
  correctly apply pressure along the seven counterinsurgency lines of effort (Chapter 3) to defeat it.
  COMPONENTS
  2-1. The components of an insurgency are comprised of the five elements, the eight dynamics, and six
  strategies. The elements are the five groups of people—leaders, guerrillas, underground, auxiliary,
  and mass base—that form the insurgency’s organization. The dynamics are the eight categories that define
  an insurgency—leadership, ideology, objectives, environment and geography, external support, internal
  support, phasing and timing, organizational and operational patterns. Finally, the six insurgent strategies
  are the urban, military focused, protracted popular war, identity focused, conspiratorial, and the composite
  and coalition. Together, the components—the five elements, the eight dynamics, and the six strategies—are
  tools of analysis that allow the counterinsurgent to fully grasp the nature of the insurgency.
  MANIFESTATIONS
  2-2. The manifestations are the visible outputs of the insurgency. Made up of the insurgent’s tactics,
  strengths and vulnerabilities, the counterinsurgent will be able to track, categorize, and develop the
  insurgency’s pattern, and a means to defeat it. Figure 2-1 shows the relationship between the components
  and manifestations of an insurgency.
  Figure 2-1. Insurgency.