text: Chapter 11
  providing security to local population. Finally, since the basing and force requirements are relatively small
  for U.S. or multinational forces, it is the most flexible and adaptable relationship. Advisor teams can be
  quickly reassigned to different host-nation security force units based upon capability gaps across the
  host-nation security force. (See FM 3-22 for more information on advisors.)
  SECURITY COOPERATION PLANNING
  11-27. Security cooperation activities occur across the range of military operations. Two important
  activities relevant to counterinsurgency are foreign internal defense and security force assistance. Foreign
  internal defense is participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in any of the action
  programs taken by another government or other designated organization to free and protect its society from
  subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security (JP 3-22). Security force
  assistance consists of the Department of Defense activities that contribute to unified action by the US
  Government to support the development of the capability and capacity of foreign security forces and their
  supporting institutions (JP 3-22). Moreover, security assistance, which includes activities in which the U.S.
  provides defense articles, military training, and other defense-related services by grant, loan or credit, could
  be important in equipping and resourcing a counterinsurgency force. Both foreign internal defense and
  security force assistance represent important defense activities to build the capacity of a host nation to
  defeat an insurgency. (For a further discussion on foreign internal defense, security force assistance, and
  security assistance, see FM 3-22).
  11-28. Security cooperation activities are part of both strategy and policy. In planning security
  cooperation activities, combatant commanders start with the National Security Strategy issued by the White
  House and expanded upon in overarching Department of Defense (DOD) guidance documents. The
  National Defense Strategy influences the Guidance for Employment of the Force, which provides the
  parameters for combatant commands to develop their theater and functional campaign plans, which are the
  mechanisms to support the synchronization of the comprehensive civilian and military efforts specifically
  designed to end insurgent violence and facilitate a return to peaceful political processes. The combatant
  commander’s plans are comprehensive, as they consider design, organization, integration, conditions and
  objectives for a region during steady state, crisis, and contingency (including counterinsurgency). DOD
  develops its plans, taking into consideration all relevant stakeholders (including other partner nations and
  international organizations.) These plans should incorporate the full range of capabilities that are required
  to meet the desired end state. These plans set conditions for actions that take place throughout all phases of
  joint operations. (See figure 11-3 for a graphic representation of this relationship.) (See FM 3-22 for a
  detailed explanation on security cooperation activities and planning.)