text: Joint Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
  JOINT INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT ELEMENT
  6-34. The joint intelligence support element may also augment the J-2 element of the JTF. The collection
  management operations branch section within the joint intelligence support element is the interface where
  subordinate Army commanders receive support from the JTF. The collection management operations
  branch oversees the JTF’s ISR activities. Dynamic retasking of joint resources must be coordinated with
  the joint intelligence support element collection management operations branch.
  AIR AND SPACE OPERATIONS CENTER OR COMBINED AIR AND SPACE OPERATIONS
  CENTER
  6-35. Joint air planning products produced by the air and space operations center include the air tasking
  order, airspace control order, and special instructions. The air tasking order, airspace control order, and
  special instructions provide operational and tactical direction at the appropriate levels of detail. For aerial
  assets, these products are important for intelligence staffs as well as mission managers and operators (for
  example, unmanned aircraft system operators and aircraft pilots).
  6-36. Army intelligence staffs coordinate with the air and space operations center through an Army unit
  called a battlefield coordination detachment. The battlefield coordination detachment is the Army Service
  component command’s liaison at the air and space operations center. This detachment communicates the
  land component commander’s issues to the air component commander. Aerial collection requests flow
  through the battlefield coordination detachment to the air and space operations center for consideration.
  (See ATTP 3-09.13 for more information on battlefield coordination detachment duties and
  responsibilities).
  6-37. The air and space operations center sends a liaison element to the air component command element
  to communicate the air component commander’s issues to the land component commander.
  INTERGOVERNMENTAL AND NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
  6-38. In addition to working with U.S. government agencies, unified action involves synchronizing joint or
  multinational military operations with activities of other governmental agencies, intergovernmental
  organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and contractors. These organizations may have significant
  access, specialized knowledge, or insight and understanding of the local situation. These organizations vary
  widely in their purposes, interests, and ability or willingness to cooperate with the information-gathering
  activities of U.S. forces. It is important to develop a relationship to exchange information without revealing
  requirements.
  MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS
  6-39. Multinational operations is a collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two
  or more nations, usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or alliance (JP 3-16). Intensive
  coordination, training, and extensive liaison are important to effective multinational ISR operations.
  6-40. In multinational operations, the JTF must share intelligence to accomplish the mission with foreign
  military forces and coordinate the exchange of intelligence liaisons with those forces. Command and
  control of ISR resources may remain essentially national or be integrated into a combined command and
  control structure. There is no single intelligence doctrine for multinational operations. Each coalition or
  alliance develops its own procedures. (See JP 2-01 for more information on the intelligence considerations
  for multinational operations.)
  6-41. Multinational force commanders establish a system that optimizes each nation’s contributions.
  Managing assets from multinational partners requires close coordination and maintenance support. U.S.
  forces also provide technical assistance to share information and intelligence.
  6-42. Early, concurrent planning is critical to the success of joint and multinational operations.
  Multinational ISR planning activities include, but are not limited to—