text: Appendix I
  AR 385-63. Installation commanding generals and range operations may have existing SDZ deviations or the
  process to request them available to units, enabling units to execute LFXs with more realism for training
  units. Unit master gunners should be heavily involved in this process to aid commanders with the needed
  expertise to exercise live fire with the most realistic scenarios, while ensuring safety throughout. (See
  AR 385-63 for details of deviation procedures.)
  I-21. Fire control consists of fire control measures and fire commands. Fire control allows a unit to select
  targets, initiate fires at desired instant, adjust fire, control rate of fire, and halt fire. Fire control measures
  control the distribution of fires. Fire control measures should exist at all times (such as during movement,
  halts, and actions on the objective). Fire commands execute the control measures desired. They can take the
  form of oral commands, arm-and-hand signals, visual and sound signals, personal contact, or unit standard
  operating procedure.
  I-22. Graphic control measures must be trained at all echelons of live-fire planning and execution. These
  control measures allow for the control of the maneuvering force and adjacent units, and allow higher level
  headquarters to track mission progress and de-confliction. The proper use of graphic control measures in a
  live-fire environment allows for maximum realism and massing weapon effects on enemy positions. Units
  that employ graphic control measures correctly will allow for more complex and intensive live-fire scenarios.
  I-23. Fire support coordination measures are used in live-fire. Leaders in a LFX must thoroughly
  understand developing and employing fire support coordination measures in all phases of live-fire. These
  control measures allow for the expeditious engagement of targets and provide a safeguard for planning the
  maneuver of friendly forces. Coordinating, maintaining, and disseminating a complete list of fire support
  coordination measures will facilitate avoidance of friendly fire incidents and de-conflict operations. These
  measures will allow a synchronized and robust operation to occur with increased fluidity.
  I-24. De-conflict airspace to ensure airspace is clear of the effects of direct and indirect weapons systems
  prior to employing air assets to include unmanned aircraft systems, rotary-wing aircraft, and fixed-wing
  aircraft. It is imperative that both trainers and participants understand aviation flight paths and altitudes tasked
  to support LFXs. Accounting for the airspace and incorporating these elements into the planning process will
  ensure that leaders, at echelon, understand how to account for the effects of direct and indirect fire weapon
  systems on flight paths and allow for the simultaneous employment of all weapon systems in a LFX.
  I-25. Rehearsals are critical to prevent personnel from becoming disoriented and to check control
  procedures and marking techniques. Rehearsals must be conducted first during daylight to orient personnel
  and then at night to test control procedures and equipment. Rehearsals also give leaders an opportunity to
  identify gaps and refine the plan, as required.
  I-26. Adjacent unit coordination is practiced by units during rehearsals for elements organic to the live-
  fire and those outside the unit within the scenario. Successful planning of adjacent unit coordination enables
  units to understand conditions required to be met before subsequent actions. This coordination ensures
  integrated and maximum levels of fire to both defeat the enemy and train leaders to ensure their plan and
  fires do not inhibit adjacent unit maneuver toward their respective enemy objectives.
  I-27. Positioning of forces in live-fire is a procedure leaders consider. Unit leaders must plan for primary,
  alternate, subsequent, and tertiary positions prior to execution. This planning allows for maximizing
  employment of weapon systems and allows units to maximize weapons effects.
  I-28. Engagement area development is essential for units to plan and understand how to employ all direct,
  indirect, and aviation elements incorporated into the live-fire. This process will allow leaders to understand
  how to employ all available assets to realistically defeat a complex and maneuvering enemy force replicated
  through target presentation.
  I-29. Target reference points are devices used by the unit for fire control and distribution. They should be
  implemented using materials that enable both visible and limited visibility detection. Examples units use for
  target reference points can include reverse polarity tape, infrared strobes, and other materials visible for
  aircraft.
  I-30. Night vision devices are necessary for personnel to work effectively if infrared lights or thermal
  markers are used. Soldiers who intend to conduct live fire at night using night vision devices will conduct