text: Appendix A
  A-30. The CEMA section compares the combined (organic and non-organic) friendly cyberspace and EW
  capabilities strengths against enemy cyberspace and EW weaknesses, and vice versa. The CEMA section
  uses this comparison to identify vulnerabilities in friendly cyberspace and the EMS and gain insight into
  employing cyberspace operations and EW throughout the assigned AO effectively.
  A-31. Based on the commander’s guidance and the initial results of relative combat power assessment, the
  CEMA working group generates different cyberspace operations and EW schemes for developing COAs.
  The scheme for each COA should indicate opposition toward each likely enemy COA while accounting for
  essential stability tasks (providing a level of civil security, civil control, and certain essential services). The
  CEMA working group incorporates brainstorming to generate options to produce the broadest range of
  choices in establishing cyberspace operations and EW schemes for the COAs. During brainstorming, all
  members of the working group should remain unbiased and open-minded when developing proposed options.
  A-32. The CEMA working group determines the necessary Army and joint doctrinal requirements for
  cyberspace operations, EW, and supported and supporting operations. The CEMA working group further
  considers potential cyberspace and EW capabilities of non-organic units and other non-military organizations
  and agencies.
  A-33. The commander and staff develop an operational framework to visualize and describe the application
  of combat power in time, space, purpose, and resources while developing the concept of operations. The
  operational framework consists of four components:
  * Commanders are assigned an AO for conducting operations.
  * Commanders can designate deep, close, support, and consolidation areas to describe the physical
  arrangement of forces in time and space.
  * Within deep, close, support, and consolidation areas, commanders conduct decisive, shaping, and
  sustaining operations to articulate an operation in terms of purpose.
  * Commanders designate the main and supporting efforts to designate the shifting prioritization of
  resources.
  A-34. The CEMA working group brainstorms to generate options on how to provide the necessary cyberspace
  and EW capabilities to support the four components of the operational framework. Once the CEMA working
  group has explored possibilities in providing cyberspace operations and EW support for each COA, they
  examine each COA to determine if it satisfies the screening criteria stated in paragraph A-28, changing,
  adding, and eliminating COAs as appropriate. The CEMA working group places extensive focus on their
  developed scheme of cyberspace operations and EW for each COA during the screening. The CEMA working
  group should avoid creating one good COA among several inadequate COAs when generating options.
  A-35. The CEMA working group determines the necessary cyberspace and EW capabilities to employ as
  enablers for combat power required to support the related tasks and purposes of decisive, shaping, and
  sustaining operations (the third component of the operational framework). The CEMA working group uses
  historical planning ratios as a starting point to determine the necessary ratio of friendly cyberspace and EW
  capabilities to enemy cyberspace and EW capabilities that will result in the desired outcome.
  A-36. The CEMA working group also considers the relative cyberspace and EW capabilities necessary to
  shape the OE, resulting in an initial array that identifies the total amount of cyberspace and EW assets needed
  to accomplish the mission. The CEMA working group adds this information to the unit’s total array of forces
  used in the commander’s broad concept of operations. In the broad concept of operations, the commander
  describes how arrayed forces accomplish the mission within the commander’s intent.
  A-37. The CEMA section participates in the COA briefing in which the staff briefs each developed COA to
  the commander. The CEWO briefs the commander on the cyberspace operations and EW activities and
  capabilities included in each COA, including effects resulting from operational and mission variables. The
  CEWO also describes how each scheme of cyberspace operations and EW may result in the desired outcome.
  After the COA briefing, the commander selects or modifies those selected COAs for continued analysis and
  issues planning guidance.
  A-38. Throughout COA development, the CEMA working group continues to update cyberspace and EW-
  related running estimates and IPB products (such as overlays, HVTs, and aspects of terrain). Table A-3, page
  A-9, illustrates the actions and key outputs of the CEMA working group during Step 3: COA development.