text: Integrating the Intelligence Warfighting Function
  team recommends targeting guidance to the commander, develops targets, selects targets for attack, and
  coordinates, integrates, and assigns organic or allocated joint, interagency, and multinational fires to specific
  targets and target systems. (See FM 3-60.)
  Target
  A target is an entity or object that performs a function for the threat considered for possible
  engagement or other action (JP 3-60). Targets include an array of mobile and stationary
  forces, equipment, and capabilities that span the human, information, and physical
  dimensions. Threats can use targets to conduct operations. A target’s importance is
  determined by its potential contribution to achieving the commander’s objectives or otherwise
  accomplishing assigned tasks or reaching an effect. Targets are continuously refined or
  adjusted as an operation unfolds.
  TARGETING WITHIN MULTIDOMAIN OPERATIONS
  3-44. Targeting is a complex and multidisciplined effort that requires coordinated interaction among many
  groups. Army forces meet a diverse array of challenges and contribute to national objectives across a range
  of operational categories, including large-scale combat operations, limited contingency operations, crisis
  response, and support to security cooperation. While most operations conducted by Army forces occur either
  below the threshold of armed conflict or during limited contingencies, Army readiness focuses on large-scale
  combat operations.
  3-45. Army forces conduct operations to support joint campaigns, which mostly occur as part of a larger
  coalition operation. Leaders must understand the interdependencies between their own assigned forces and
  the forces or capabilities provided by others to generate the complementary and reinforcing effects of
  combined arms approaches. Army forces employ joint and other unified action partner capabilities to the
  extent these capabilities are available. However, because peer threats can contest the force in all domains,
  Army forces must be prepared to conduct operations when some or all joint capabilities are unavailable to
  support mission accomplishment.
  3-46. Army forces employ organic capabilities in multiple domains, and they continuously benefit from
  maritime and air strategic transportation and space and cyberspace capabilities that they do not control,
  including global positioning, satellite communications, and ISR. Lower echelons may not always notice the
  opportunities created by higher echelons or other forces that operate primarily in other domains; however,
  leaders must understand how the absence of those opportunities affects their concept of operations, decision
  making, and risk assessment.
  TARGETING PRINCIPLES
  3-47. Targeting proceeds from the commander’s objectives to an assessment of the results achieved throughout
  an operation. Participants in the targeting process should adhere to these targeting principles for creating the
  desired effects while diminishing undesired or adverse collateral effects. The targeting principles are—
  ⚫ Focused. Targeting focuses on achieving the commander’s objectives. The function of targeting
  is efficiently achieving the commander’s objectives within the parameters set at the operational
  level—directed limitations, the rules of engagement or the rules for the use of force, the law of
  war, and other guidance given by the commander. Every nominated target must contribute to
  attaining the commander’s objectives.
  ⚫ Effects-based. Targeting seeks to create specific desired effects through lethal and nonlethal
  actions or capabilities. Target analysis encompasses all possible means to create desired effects,
  drawing from all available capabilities. The art of targeting seeks to create desired effects with
  the least risk and time and resource expenditures.