text: Appendix E
  operations conducted during offensive and defensive operations. Commanders are inherently responsible for
  CMO, and Army forces conduct CMO to coordinate civil and military activities, minimize civil-military
  friction and threats from the civil component, maximize support for operations, and meet commanders’ legal
  obligations and moral responsibilities to civilian populations within the operational area.
  E-7. CA personnel, other Army forces, other government agencies, or a combination of all three perform
  these activities, and the G-9 is the lead staff officer for these activities. Foreign language support is critical
  to CMO and may include language requirements in addition to those native in the nation where the operation
  is occurring, as there may be other foreign governments and nongovernmental agencies involved in stability
  operations. (See FM 3-57.)
  Civil Affairs Operations
  E-8. CA operations enhance the relationship between civil authorities and military forces. They involve
  applying CA functional specialty skills to areas normally under the civil government’s responsibility. These
  operations involve establishing, maintaining, influencing, or exploiting relations between military forces and
  all levels of host-nation government agencies. CA personnel work with specialized vernacular in such areas
  as government liaison, legal agreements, medical support and operations, law enforcement, infrastructure
  projects, engineering projects, public safety, security, and population control. (See FM 3-57.)
  Sustainment
  E-9. This category consists of foreign language support to sustainment functions, which include logistic
  contracting; port, railhead, airhead, or transshipment operations; and convoy operations. (See ADP 4-0.)
  Information
  E-10. DOD makes every effort to synchronize, align, and coordinate communications activities to facilitate
  an understanding of how the planning and execution of DOD strategies, plans, operations, and activities will
  be received or understood by key audiences. To support these efforts, commanders and staffs should identify
  and understand key audience perceptions and possible reactions when planning and executing operations.
  This understanding of key audience perceptions and reactions is a vital element of every theater campaign
  and contingency plan, and it is essential to the Army’s ability to achieve unity of effort through unified action
  with the joint force, interagency partners, and the broader interorganizational community. Key audience
  beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors are crucial to the success of any strategy, plan, and operation.
  E-11. Using accurate language, in the right tone and with the right connation, is crucial to these efforts and
  requires foreign language support. Through the commander’s communications synchronization, public
  affairs, information advantage activities, and defense support to public diplomacy are realized as
  communications supporting capabilities. The commander’s communications synchronization assists leaders,
  planners, and operators at all levels in understanding the desired effects and anticipating potential undesired
  effects of the Army’s actions and words, identifying key audiences, and actively addressing their perspectives
  when appropriate.
  COMMAND LANGUAGE PROGRAM MANAGER
  E-12. Commanders with many assigned linguists (150 or more) must appoint a full-time command language
  program manager with a specified job description to manage the command language program. All personnel
  performing command language program manager duties (either full-time or as an additional duty) must attend
  the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center Command Language Program Manager course.
  COMMAND LANGUAGE COUNCIL
  E-13. A command language council is required for a unit with more than 50 language-coded positions
  authorized on Army manning documents. This council promotes linguistic excellence through the sharing of
  ideas and information and to prioritize training. The command language council should include the
  commander, command sergeant major, S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4, and the resource manager. However, the