text: Chapter 8
  ⚫ Surprise—taking action that catches enemy forces off guard.
  ⚫ Tempo—maintaining a pace of operations that is faster than the enemy’s but not so fast that it
  cannot be sustained for as long as necessary to achieve all assigned objectives.
  MOVEMENT TO CONTACT
  8-76. Movement to contact is a type of offensive operation designed to establish or regain contact to develop
  the situation (FM 3-90). Commanders conduct a movement to contact when an enemy situation is vague or
  not specific enough to conduct an attack. The goal of a movement to contact is to make initial contact with a
  small element while retaining enough combat power to develop the situation and mitigate the associated risk.
  A movement to contact employs purposeful and aggressive reconnaissance and security operations to gain
  contact with the enemy main body and develop the situation. The movement to contact force defeats enemy
  forces within its capability and creates favorable conditions for subsequent tactical actions. If the movement
  to contact force meets a superior force that it is unable to defeat, the movement to contact force conducts the
  security or defensive operations necessary to develop the situation further. A movement to contact may result
  in a meeting engagement. Once an enemy force makes contact, the friendly commander has five options:
  attack, defend, bypass, delay, or withdraw. Subordinate forms of a movement to contact include search and
  attack, and cordon and search operations.
  ATTACK
  8-77. An attack a type of offensive operation that defeats enemy forces, seizes terrain, or secures terrain
  (FM 3-90). Attacks incorporate coordinated movement supported by fires. A commander may describe an
  attack as hasty or deliberate, depending on the time available for assessing the situation, planning, and
  preparing. A commander may decide to conduct an attack using only fires (including EW, offensive
  cyberspace operations, and information advantage activities), based on an analysis of the mission variables.
  An attack differs from a movement to contact because in an attack, commanders know at least part of an
  enemy’s dispositions. This knowledge enables commanders to better synchronize and more effectively
  employ combat power. Subordinate forms of the attack have special purposes. They include the tasks of
  ambush, counterattack, demonstration, feint, raid, and spoiling attack. The commander’s intent and the
  mission variables determine which of these forms of attack to employ. Commanders conduct each of these
  forms of attack, except for a raid, as either a hasty or a deliberate operation.
  EXPLOITATION
  8-78. An exploitation is a type of offensive operation following a successful attack to disorganize the enemy
  in depth (FM 3-90). An exploitation seeks to disintegrate enemy forces, so they have no alternative but to
  surrender or retreat. Exploitations take advantage of tactical opportunities. Division and higher headquarters
  normally plan exploitations as a branch or sequel.
  PURSUIT
  8-79. A pursuit is a type of offensive operation to catch or cut off a disorganized hostile force attempting to
  escape, with the aim of destroying it (FM 3-90). A pursuit normally follows a successful exploitation.
  However, if enemy resistance breaks down and the enemy begins fleeing the battlefield, any offensive
  operation can transition into a pursuit. Pursuits entail rapid movement and decentralized control. Bold action
  and calculated initiative are required in the conduct of a pursuit.
  INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT TO OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS (FRIENDLY)
  8-80. The information collection effort assists commanders in deciding when and where to concentrate
  combat power. Collection assets answer the corps or division commander’s intelligence requirements, which
  flow from IPOE and the war-gaming process. Important IPOE and information requirements may include—
  ⚫ Enemy centers of gravity or decisive points.
  ⚫ Location, orientation, and strength of enemy defenses.
  ⚫ Location of enemy reserves, fire support, and other attack assets to support defensive positions.