text: Organization and Employment
  8-25. Methodsofairspacecontrolareasfollows:
  (cid:122) Positive control relies on positive identification, tracking, and directing aircraft within the
  airspacecontrolarea.Ituseselectronic meanssuchasradar;sensors;identification,friendorfoe
  systems; selective identificationfeature capabilities; digital data links;and other elementsof the
  intelligencesystemandmissioncommandnetworkstructures.
  (cid:122) Procedural controlreliesoncombining mutuallyagreedand promulgated ordersand procedures.
  These may include comprehensive air defense identification procedures and rules of
  engagement, aircraft identification maneuvers, fire support coordination measures, and airspace
  coordinating measures. Service, joint, and multinational capabilities and requirements determine
  which method, or which elements of each method, that airspace control plans and systems use.
  Proceduralcontrol is acommonmethodused byallairspaceusers(toincludeindirect fireunits)
  todeconflictairspace.InArmyrotary-wingoperations,suchasairassaults,proceduralcontrolis
  usedmoreoftenthanpositivecontrol.
  AIRSPACE COORDINATING MEASURES
  8-26. Airspace coordinating measures are measures employed to facilitate the efficient use of airspace to
  accomplish missions and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. (Refer to FM 3-52 for
  moreinformation.)
  8-27. Commonairspacecoordinatingmeasuresusedduringanairassaultareasfollows:
  (cid:122) Coordinating altitudes use altitude to separate users and as the transition between different
  airspace coordinating entities. The airspace coordinating entities should be included in the air
  control plan and promulgated in the airspace control order. Armyechelons incorporate airspace
  controlplanning guidanceand integrate the airspace controlorder, area air defenseplan, special
  instructions, and air tasking order via operation orders (OPORDs). All airspace users should
  coordinate with the appropriate airspace coordinating entities when transitioning through or
  firingthroughthecoordinatingaltitude.
  (cid:122) Restricted operations areas are airspaces of defined dimensions created in response to specific
  operational situations or requirements within which the operation of one or more airspace users
  is restricted. They are known as restricted operations zones. The AATF may use a restricted
  operations area or restricted operations zone to deconflict an area where prior coordination
  enhancesaviationsafety.
  (cid:122) Using standard Army aircraft flight routes that are routes established below the coordinating
  altitude to facilitate the movement of Army aviation assets. They normally are located in the
  corps through BCT support areas and do not require approval of the airspace control authority.
  Theynormallyarelisted onthecurrentairspacecontrolorder.Directionoftravelcanbedictated
  asone-ortwo-waytraffic.
  (cid:122) Usingaircorridors that arerestrictedairroutes oftravelspecified for use byfriendlyaircraftand
  establishedforpreventingfriendlyaircraft frombeing fired onbyfriendlyforces.Theyareused
  to route aviation combat elements between such areas as forward arming and refueling points,
  holding areas, and battle positions. Altitudes of an air corridor do not exceed the established
  coordinatingaltitude.
  (cid:122) Using axis of advance that is a general route of advance, assigned for the purposes of control,
  which extends toward the enemy. The axis of advance symbol graphically portrays a
  commander’sintention,suchasavoidingbuilt-upareasorknown enemyair defense sites. When
  used for attack aviation operations, it provides the general direction of movement and may be
  subdividedintoroutes.
  (cid:122) Using air control points which are points easily identifiable on the terrain or an electronic
  navigational aid used to provide necessary control during air movement. Designate air control
  points at each point where the air route or air corridor makes a definite change in anydirection
  andatanyotherpointdeemed necessaryfortimingorcontroloftheoperation.
  (cid:122) Usingcommunicationcheckpointswhicharepointsalongtheairroutewhereserialcommanders
  report to the air mission commander. Radio transmissions should be used only when necessary.
  Ifareportisrequired,considerusingcodestoensureashorttransmission.