text: Introduction
  Tactics are the employment, ordered arrangement, and directed actions of forces in relation to each other.
  Leaders select tactics that accomplish their assigned mission. Successful tactics require generating and
  applying combat power. This publication introduces the basic concepts and control measures associated with
  the science of tactics and provides a common baseline for Soldiers and leaders to execute offensive,
  defensive, and enabling operations. Soldiers and leaders who know these basic tactics are better prepared to
  adapt them quickly based on the mission variables of mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support
  available—time available, civil considerations, and informational considerations [METT-TC(I)].
  Tactics require judgement in application. The tactics discussed in this publication focus on the Army’s
  strategic role of prevailing during large-scale combat operations. Their application must be tempered by the
  obligation to protect the civilian population. The ability to seize and secure terrain, with its population and
  productive capacity, distinguishes land forces conducting offensive, defensive, or enabling operations. FM
  3-90 provides a common framework for leaders from squad through corps echelon to conduct tactical
  operations in which leaders seek to find the enemy, fix the enemy, finish the enemy, and follow-through to
  achieve their objectives. This manual is not prescriptive, but it is authoritative.
  FM 3-90 (Tactics) merges the 2013 versions of FM 3-90-1 (Offense and Defense Volume 1) and FM 3-90-2
  (Reconnaissance, Security, and Tactical Enabling Tasks Volume 2) into a single comprehensive volume on
  offensive, defensive, and enabling operations. A highlight of changes includes:
  * Created and became the proponent for the "tactical framework" - which is find, fix, finish, and
  follow through. This framework is how all offensive and defensive operations are described.
  * Changed actions on contact from a 5-step process to a new 4-step process – “react”, “develop the
  situation”, “choose an action”, and “execute and report”.
  * Removed defeat as a tactical mission task.
  * Removed ambush as a tactical mission task, which was a mistake in the 2019 version of
  ADP 3-90.
  * Changed the form of maneuver of “frontal assault” back to “frontal attack.”
  * Added mobility, countermobility, link-up, and tactical deception as types of enabling operations.
  * Made feint and demonstration as variations of tactical deception, instead of variations of an attack.
  * Described what are forms of contact and added influence as a form of contact.
  * Removed forms of defense and made them variations of an area defense.
  * Changed the variations of troop movement from administrative movement, approach march, and
  tactical road march to tactical and nontactical movements.
  * Removed encirclement as an enabling operation. It is still a desired outcome, and there is special
  planning required to create, maintain, reduce, and when encircled, break out of an encirclement,
  so that information was moved to an appendix.
  * Removed the tactical mission tasks categories of "actions by friendly forces" and "effects on
  enemy forces."
  * Modified, removed, or added over 140 definitions to make it easier to read and understand.
  * Added graphics for all offensive and defensive operations.
  * Made numerous other changes to enhance readability and understanding.
  FM 3-90 is divided into four parts, consisting of twenty chapters and three appendices. Part One (chapters 1-
  2) focuses on the overall concept of tactics and maneuver. Part Two (chapters 3-7) focuses on offensive
  operations. Part Three (chapters 8-11) focuses on defensive operations. Part Four (chapters 12-20) focuses
  on enabling operations. Appendix A describes tactical control measures. Appendix B describes tactical
  mission tasks. Appendix C describes encirclements.