text: Stability
  Notes.In stability-focused operations, the enemy sniper poses a significant threat to dismounted
  (or mounted) movement and marches. Counter-sniper drills should include rehearsed responses,
  reconnaissance and security operations, and the incorporation of cover and concealment. The
  BCT’s rules of engagement provide instructions on how to react to sniper fire, including
  restrictions on weapons used dependingon the circumstances. For example, rules of engagement
  may allow units to use weapon systems, such as a sniper rifle team, to eliminate a positively
  identified sniper even in a crowded urban setting because of the reduce possibility for collateral
  damage.(See ATP 3-21.20, appendixE and ATP 3-21.18 for additional information.)
  An enemy improvised explosive device (IED) attack is another major threat to dismounted (or
  mounted) movement and marches. Prior to the conduct of any area security mission, commanders
  and subordinate leaders’ brief personnel on the latest IED threat types, usage, and previous
  emplacements within an area of operations or along mounted and dismounted movement or march
  routes. All Soldiers maintain situational awareness by looking for IEDs and IED hiding places.
  Units vary routes and times, enter overpasses on one side of the road and exit out the other, train
  weapons on overpasses as the movement passes under, and avoid chokepoints to reduce risk. Units
  should expect an IED attack at any time during movements and expect an ambush immediately
  after an IED detonation. Early mornings and periods of reduced visibility are especially dangerous
  since the enemy has better opportunities to emplace IEDs without detection. (See ATP3-21.18
  and ATP 3-21.8 for additional information.)
  Air and Missile Defense
  8-188. Offensive and defensive air defense planning considerations continue to apply when the BCT
  conducts stability-focused operations. However, the air threat trends toward Group 1 and 2 UASs (see
  ATP3-04.64) employed by enemy forces opposing the BCT’s effort to provide a stable, safe, and secure
  environment. Air and missile defense sensors and command and control elements external to the BCT provide
  early warning against aerial attack, and populatethe BCT’s COP. Soldiers train in aircraft recognition and
  on rules of engagement due to multiple factions using the same or similar aircraft, to include international
  and private organizations employing their own or charter civilian aircraft. (See ATP 3-01.8 for additional
  information.)
  Note.See ATP 3-01.15 for information on the tactics, techniques, and procedures for an integrated
  air defense system. See ATP 3-01.50 for information on the operations of the air defense and
  airspace management cell established within the BCT fire support cell. (See chapter 4 for
  additional information.)
  8-189. Counterrocket, artillery, and mortar batteries may be located in or near the BCT’s area of operations
  to support its area security mission. Battery sensors detect incoming rockets, artillery, and mortar shells and
  may be used to detect Group 1 and 2 UASs. The battery’s fire control system predicts the flight path of
  incoming rockets and shells, prioritizes targets, and activates the supported area of operations’ warning
  system according to established rules of engagement. Exposed elements within the area of operations then
  can take cover and provide cueing data that allows the battery’s weapon system to defeat the target before
  the target can impact the area. The commander clearly defines command and support relationships between
  counter-rocket, artillery, and mortar elements and the BCT during planning. (See ATP 3-01.60 for additional
  information.)
  8-190. The BCT commander and subordinate commanders and leaders ensure all passive and active air
  defense measures (see chapter 6) are well planned and implemented. Passive measures include use of
  concealed routes and assembly areas, movement on secure routes, marches at night, increased intervals
  between elements of the columns, and dispersion. Active measures include use of organic and attached
  weapons according to the operation order and unit SOP. Air guard duties assigned to specific Soldiers during
  dismounted (or mounted) movements and marches give each a specific search area. For movements and
  marches, seeing the enemy first gives the unit time to react. Leaders understand that scanning for long periods