text: Chapter 4
  (cid:131) Protect and secure all elements of the populace equally.
  (cid:131) Support the restoration of government presence and control.
  (cid:131) Aggressively oppose insurgency in order to neutralize the insurgent leadership, cadre,
  and combatants, through death, capture, co-opting individual, or forcing them to leave
  the area.
  (cid:131) Promote normalcy and stability.
  (cid:131) Protect basic services.
  (cid:131) Assist civic action projects.
  • Help establish an HN legal framework and C2 mechanisms to aid implementation of the plan.
  • Secure the critical infrastructure, to include governmental and societal critical sites.
  • Win the information war, specifically—
  (cid:131) Counter the insurgent’s propaganda.
  (cid:131) Conduct friendly information engagements.
  • Continually analyze and assess the success of the plan.
  THE SEVEN COUNTERINSURGENCY LINES OF EFFORT
  4-32. As discussed in Chapter 3, lines of effort (LOEs) are used to visualize, describe and direct
  operations when positional references to an adversary have little relevance, like in a counterinsurgency.
  Ideally, LOEs combine the complementary, long-term effects of stability tasks with the cyclic, short-term
  events typical of combat operations. Using lines of effort, tactical commanders develop tactical tasks
  and tactical missions, allocate resources, and assess the effectiveness of the operation. The commander
  may specify which line of effort represents the decisive operation and which are shaping operations.
  Commanders synchronize activities along multiple LOEs to achieve the conditions that compose the
  desired end state and do not view them as a sequential “road map” to success.
  4-33. The seven counterinsurgency lines of effort—establish civil security, establish civil control,
  support Host Nation security forces, restore essential services, support to economic and infrastructure
  development, support to governance, and conduct information engagement—are intended as a guide
  for tactical units. LOEs can be combined, eliminated, or expanded depending on the insurgency and the
  overall situation. Employing the seven COIN LOEs adeptly requires a unity of effort with the HN
  and other nonmilitary agencies. Figure 4-1 shows a notional tactical unit’s LOEs during a
  counterinsurgency. The subparagraphs that follow the figure summarize the seven counterinsurgency lines
  of effort and their first primary subtasks.
  ESTABLISH CIVIL SECURITY
  4-34. Civil security involves protecting areas, resources, and the populace from both external
  and internal threats (FM 3-07). Ideally, Army forces focus on the external threats while police and security
  elements address internal security against terrorists, criminals and small, hostile groups. However, during
  an insurgency, the Army may also address the internal security against criminals, terrorists, and guerrillas.
  4-35. Most societal and government functions require a secure environment and obtaining civil security
  is often a prerequisite for other stability tasks to be effective. Although US and multinational forces can
  provide direct assistance to establish and maintain security, this situation is at best a provisional solution.
  Ultimately, the Host Nation must secure its own people. Typical civil security tasks include—
  • Enforce cessation of hostilities, peace agreements, and other arrangements.
  • Conduct disarmament, demobilization, and registration.
  • Conduct border control, boundary security, and freedom of movement.
  • Support identification.
  • Protect key personnel and facilities.
  • Clear explosive and CBRN hazards.