text: Army Air and Missile Defense
  EARLY ENGAGEMENT
  1-34. Sensors and weapons are positioned so they can engage the threat before ordnance release or friendly
  target acquisition. Early engagements enable destruction of enemy platforms over enemy forces and
  unoccupied areas, thereby reducing the possibility of friendly collateral damage and fratricide. As with
  weighted coverage, early engagement is achieved at the expense of balanced fires.
  DEFENSE IN DEPTH
  1-35. Sensors and weapons are positioned so that the threat is exposed to a continuously increasing volume
  of fire as it approaches the friendly protected asset or force. Defense in depth decreases the probability that
  attacking missiles, aircraft, or RAM will reach the defended asset or force.
  RESILIENCE
  1-36. Resilience is the quality of the defense to maintain continuity of operations regardless of changes
  in or unanticipated tactics by enemy air or losses of critical air and missile defense components. ADA
  planners must understand the capabilities of the system(s) that are being deployed in a defense design, and
  plan for deployment and employment of components to enable these capabilities to be exploited during
  mission execution. Resilience is a key determinant when considering which tenet (or tenets) to use in in
  maintaining the defense.
  ADA OPERATIONS
  1-37. Unified action (joint) operations entail the participation of the appropriate joint forces operating as a
  cohesive team. AMD is an inherent function in joint operations, requiring the interdependent capabilities of
  each service’s AMD component.
  1-38. The ADA force is the primary land-based contributor to AMD. It executes its role and missions within
  the context of unified land operations, as discussed below.
  ADA IN SUPPORT OF UNIFIED ACTION
  1-39. “Threats to U.S. and allied interests throughout the world can sometimes only be countered by U.S.
  forces able to respond to a wide variety of challenges along a conflict continuum that spans from peace to
  war” (JP 3-0). Within the conflict continuum, the range of military operations extends from military
  engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence in times of peace, through crisis response and limited
  contingency operations, to large-scale combat operations in times of war (see FM 3-0 for discussion of these
  operations). Joint operations constitute the integrated actions of the U.S. armed forces in all of these.
  1-40. ADA forces provide concerted defensive capabilities in the air domain and in the littoral areas of the
  sea domain in support of Army operations. The following paragraphs discuss ADA actions and activities in
  support of the four broad categories of Army operations: operations to shape, operations to prevent, large-
  scale ground combat operations (defense and offense), and operations to consolidate gains, all of which
  ultimately lead to winning.
  1-41. Operations to shape. “Operations to shape consist of various long-term military engagements, security
  operations and deterrence missions, and actions intended to assure friends, build partner capacity and
  capability, and promote regional stability” (FM 3-0). Army shape operations, though most prevalent in
  military engagement and security cooperation activities, are executed continuously throughout all of the joint
  phases. ADA forces help shape operations by supporting the assurance of friends, building partner capacity
  and capabilities, and promoting regional stability. Shaping actions are generally planned and coordinated at
  the AAMDC or ADA brigade levels and executed by ADA battalions. AMD is a key capability our joint
  forces and allies want on the ground to build partner capacity in advance of hostilities. ADA forces build
  partner capacity through security cooperation activities such as joint air defense exercises, on-going training,
  and leader development of multinational AMD forces. Partner capacity and capabilities are further enhanced
  through their procurement of technologically advanced ADA systems and the enrollment of our partners’
  AMD Soldiers in ADA schools.