text: Joint Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
  6-11. Some resources are outside the theater. The mission may require joint ISR resources not organic to
  the theater or to the components of the subordinate joint force. Joint ISR resources are typically in high
  demand and requirements usually exceed platform capabilities or inventory. The joint force collection
  manager must ensure that all requests for additional joint ISR resources are based on validated needs as
  established by the command’s formal intelligence requirements.
  JOINT ISR PLANNING SYSTEMS
  6-12. Two joint ISR planning systems—the collection management mission application and the Planning
  Tool for Resource, Integration, Synchronization, and Management (PRISM)—help facilitate access to joint
  resources. PRISM, a subsystem of collection management mission application, is a Web-based
  management and synchronization tool used to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of theater
  operations. PRISM creates a collaborative environment for resource managers, collection managers,
  exploitation managers, and customers. In joint collection management operations, the collection manager
  coordinates with the operations directorate to forward collection requirements to the component
  commander exercising tactical control over the theater reconnaissance and surveillance assets. A mission
  tasking order goes to the unit responsible for the collection operations. At the selected unit, the mission
  manager makes the final choice of platforms, equipment, and personnel required for the collection
  operations based on operational considerations such as maintenance, schedules, training, and experience.
  The Air Force uses the collection management mission application. This application is a Web-centric
  information systems architecture that incorporates existing programs sponsored by several commands,
  Services, and agencies. It also provides tools for recording, gathering, organizing, and tracking intelligence
  collection requirements for all disciplines.
  JOINT AIR PLANNING PROCESS
  6-13. Any joint ISR plan involving airborne assets or resources must consider the joint air planning
  process. The combatant commander has an air component with an air and space operations center. This air
  and space operations center controls the airspace in the area of responsibility and all air activity above the
  coordinating altitude determined by that commander. The air and space operations center must know
  everything flying above the coordinating altitude. The air and space operations center prioritizes joint ISR
  requirements for the assets that the Air Force component command controls and apportions. In a
  multinational headquarters, the air and space operations center is the combined air and space operations
  center.
  6-14. Recent operations have demonstrated the value of having joint ISR liaison officers at Army
  organizational headquarters to help tactical commanders integrate theater ISR assets into their operations.
  These officers come from the air and space operations center, combined air and space operations center, or
  the Combined Forces Air Component Command. These liaison elements provide joint expertise and direct
  liaison with the combined air and space operations center. These liaison elements also provide insight to the
  combined air and space operations center and related organizations into the operations they support.
  JOINT ISR CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
  6-15. The counterpart to the joint ISR plan is the joint ISR concept of operations. The concept of
  operations is developed with operational planning. The joint ISR concept of operations is based on the
  collection strategy and ISR execution planning. It is developed jointly by the joint force J-2 and J-3. The
  joint ISR concept of operations addresses how all available ISR assets and associated tasking, processing,
  exploitation, and dissemination infrastructure, including multinational or coalition and commercial assets,
  are used to answer the joint force’s intelligence requirements. It identifies asset shortfalls relative to the
  joint force’s validated priority intelligence requirements (PIRs). It requires periodic evaluation of the
  capabilities and contributions of all available ISR assets to maximize efficient utilization and ensure the
  timely release of allocated ISR resources when no longer needed by the joint force. (See chapter 2 of
  JP 2-01 for more information on the concept of operations in detail.)