text: Chapter2
  communication through couriers, or alternate forms of communication. Space-based missile warning systems
  provide early warning of adversary artillery and missile attacks, allowing friendly forces to seek cover.
  Application of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) defense measures increase
  survivability in CBRN environments. (See ATP 3-37.34for more information on survivability.)
  STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT
  The central challenge to U.S. security is the reemergence of long-term, greatpower competition with
  China and Russia as individual actors and as actors working together to achieve common goals. China uses
  its rapidly modernizing military, information warfare, and predatory economics to coerce neighboring
  countries to reorder the Indo-Pacific region to its advantage. Concurrently, Russia seeks veto authority over
  nations on its periphery in terms of its governmental, economic, and diplomatic decisions, to subvert the
  North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and to change European and Middle East security and economic
  structures to its favor.
  In addition to China and Russia, several other states threaten U.S. security. North Korea seeks to
  guarantee survival of its regime and increase its leverage. It is pursuing a mixture of CBRN, conventional,
  and unconventional weapons and a growing ballistic missile capability to gain coercive influence over South
  Korea, Japan, and the United States. Similarly, Iran seeks dominance over its neighbors by asserting an arc
  of influence and instability while vying for regional hegemony. Iran uses state-sponsored terrorist activities,
  a network of proxies, and its missile capabilities to achieve its objectives.
  While states are the principal actors on the global stage, non-state actors also threaten the strategic
  environment with increasingly sophisticated capabilities. Terrorists, transnational criminal organizations,
  threat cyber actors, and other malicious non-state actors have transformed global affairs with increased
  capabilities of mass disruption. Terrorism remains a persistent tactic driven by ideology and enabled by
  political and economic structures.
  THREATS
  A threat is any combination of actors, entities, or forces that have the capability and intent to harm
  United States forces, United States national interests, or the homeland (ADP 3-0). Threats faced by Army
  forces are,by nature,hybrid. They include individuals, groups of individuals, paramilitary or military forces,
  criminal elements, nation-states, or national alliances. In general, a threat can be categorized as an enemy or
  an adversary:
  (cid:122) An enemyisa party identified as hostile against which the use of force is authorized (ADP 3-0).
  An enemyis also a combatant under the law of war.
  (cid:122) An adversaryis a party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which
  the use of force may be envisaged (JP 3-0). Adversaries pursue interests that compete with those
  of the United States and are often called competitors.
  Army forces are organized, trained, and equipped
  primarily for large-scale combat operations against peer Peer threats generate tactical, operational,
  threats. Army units supporting combatant commanders and strategic challenges that may constitute
  (CCDRs) where no peer threat exists focus on other an existential threat to the United States and
  missions, but they can alter their priorities to support its allies.
  large-scale combat operations when necessary. Peer
  threats are adversaries or enemies with capabilities and capacity to oppose U.S. forces across multiple
  domains worldwide or in a specific region where they enjoy a position of relative advantage. Peer threats
  possess roughly equal combat power to U.S. forces in geographic proximity to a conflict area. Peer threats
  may also have a cultural affinity with specific regions, providing them relative advantages in the human and
  information dimensions.
  Peer threats employ strategies that capitalize on their advantages to achieve objectives. When these
  objectives are at odds with the interests of the United States and its allies, conflict becomes more likely. Peer
  threats prefer to achieve their goals without directly engaging U.S. forces in combat. They often employ
  information warfare in combination with conventional and irregular military capabilities to achieve their
  goals. They exploit friendly sensitivity to world opinion and attempt to exploit American domestic opinion