text: Security Cooperation in the Competition Continuum
  3-11. During competition, SFA activities establish a need for access agreements across all domains. These
  standing access agreements, negotiated and approved by the DOS, set conditions for employment of joint
  capabilities across all domains in times of crisis or conflict.
  3-12. During competition below armed conflict, the presence of SC forces enables relationships that support
  the continuous OPE. The access and influence gained by the presence of SFA forces—
  * Supports the partner FSF in setting the theater for multidomain and multinational operations.
  * Provides and develops added partner FSF layers of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
  capability to the network.
  * Enables the partner FSF to gain and provide improved situational awareness and understanding of
  the OE.
  * Enables the partner FSF to share that information with the combatant command and regionally
  aligned units.
  * Supports and enables the partner FSF to preserve the consolidation and protection of critical
  capabilities, assets, and activities in theater.
  PREPARING FOREIGN SECURITY FORCES FOR COMBAT ACROSS THE RANGE OF MILITARY
  OPERATIONS
  3-13. Preparation for combat operations and demonstrating the interoperability of the U.S. joint force with
  allies and partners presents the strongest deterrence to adversaries (FM 3-0). Combined and deliberate
  messaging from the joint and multinational force that communicates the will and capability to conduct combat
  operations can amplify the deterrent effect of physical actions on the ground. Demonstrated capability,
  capacity, and interoperability of the joint and multinational force solidifies a unified approach to defending
  mutual interests.
  3-14. As described in Chapter 2, the most effective way to build effective capabilities in a partner FSF is to
  simultaneously conduct SC across the executive, generating, and operating force levels. Executive-level
  advising is generally executed by the combatant command through the Ministry of Defense Advisors
  (MODA) Program. In many smaller and less developed countries, the executive force level may simply not
  exist, and the host-nation army acts as the de facto ministry of defense with other branches in support. In
  such cases, it is imperative for Army SFA practitioners to coordinate through the combatant command to
  ensure that MODA advisors are available to synchronize advisory efforts across the executive, generating,
  and operating force levels. The process to plan, develop, resource, and train resident advisors can be lengthy.
  Figure 3-1 depicts the resident advisor process in more detail.
  Figure 3-1. MODA resident advisor process
  3-15. During competition, 10 USC SFA programs are used to build capabilities in both the operating and
  generating force in coordination with 22 USC SA programs. It is critical for Army SFA planners and
  practitioners to synchronize their efforts with those 22 USC SA programs such as foreign military sales and