text: Space Considerations During Multinational Operations
  CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMMANDERS AND STAFF
  11-25. Space operations bring essential capabilities with unique tools to influence, enable, and enhance all
  mission areas during ground operations. Unit commanders have a clear understanding of the space
  capabilities available that contribute to mission operations and ways to use those capabilities.
  11-26. The commander of the multinational force integrates space capabilities and effects from different
  nations to achieve the desired end state. The multinational staff understands the capabilities and limitations
  of space resources used by other nations in the multinational force and incorporates them into the overall
  plan. Many allies and partners desire space capabilities to defend and protect their national interests. Shared
  education, experience, and capabilities increase commitment to defend and protect combined space assets
  and leverage capability gaps in a fiscally constrained environment.
  11-27. The capacity of resources significantly limits space operations. Once a COA is approved, space force
  personnel synchronize all planned effects to deconflict redundancy and prioritize the use of resources to
  create convergence through unity of effort.
  11-28. Staffs communicate space-related information at the appropriate security classification level and with
  the broadest releasability allowed by policy and foreign disclosure processes to prevent disclosure of export-
  restricted information. To effectively integrate space capabilities and effects into multinational operations,
  commanders and staff need to know the classification, releasability, and disclosure level of space capabilities.
  Classification guides designed to protect information are often obsolete or not thorough enough to properly
  identify information that partners and allies need without placing capabilities at risk.
  11-29. Host-nation organic space capabilities greatly benefit multinational operations and overall mission
  success. However, host-nation organic space capabilities are not the only means of supporting space
  operations interoperability. Some nations without an abundance of space capabilities may provide other
  operational benefits such as various means of access and basing availability. These options increase the
  flexibility of the multinational force commander.
  CONSIDERATIONS
  11-30. Commanders and staffs participating in multinational operations consider and answer the questions
  in paragraphs 11-31 through 11-44 with respect to space operations portion of the operations.
  COMMAND AND CONTROL
  11-31. Commanders and staffs consider and answer the following C2 questions with respect to the space
  operations portion of the operations:
  • Can space operations enhance effectiveness?
  • Has the multinational commander designated a multinational space component commander?
  • Has the multinational commander designated a space control authority?
  • What is the multinational space operations mission?
  • What are the multinational space operations specified tasks?
  • Are there any multinational space operations implied tasks?
  • What multinational space control assets are available?
  • Are multinational space operations assets for communications and information systems protected
  against possible attacks?
  • What is the multinational CBRN threat assessment? Can space operations forces help identify and
  monitor threats and hazards?
  • What is the multinational plan for recovery of critical space operations equipment and resources?
  PLANNING
  11-32. Commanders and staffs consider and answer the following planning questions with respect to the
  space operations portion of the operations:
  • What space control electromagnetic warfare capabilities are available? Is the use consistent with the
  ROE? Do the ROE authorize their employment? How are the space capabilities and effects
  integrated into the targeting cell or board?