text: History of Civil Affairs
  created the United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) at Fort Bragg on 1 December
  1989, the 96th CA Battalion remained under 1st SOCOM. All reserve CA units based in the contiguous U.S.
  were assigned to the United States Army Reserve Special Operations Command (USARSOC), which became
  the U.S. Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command (USACAPOC) on 27 November 1990.
  Subordinated under USASOC, this placed the command and control of all contiguous U.S.-based active duty
  (96th CA Battalion) and the USAR CA and PSYOP units under a single headquarters. On 3 March 1993,
  Secretary of Defense Leslie ‘Les’ Aspin formally designated active and reserve CA units in the contiguous
  U.S. as Army Special Operations Forces (ARSOF). The reserve formation based outside the contiguous U.S.,
  the 322d CA Brigade in Hawaii, was not designated as ARSOF.
  A-13. These organizational changes coincided with the Army’s increased use of CA units following the
  breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 and subsequent global instability. USASOC routinely deployed CA
  forces to assist in all phases of operations—including supporting peacekeeping, disaster relief,
  counterinsurgency, combat, and stability efforts. Reserve CA units, namely the 352d CA Command,
  spearheaded the Kuwaiti Task Force and its efforts to stabilize Kuwait following the expulsion of the Iraqi
  invaders in February 1991. Other USAR CA units and the 96th CA Battalion provided CA support in Iraq
  for Operation DESERT SHIELD/STORM and for Operation PROVIDE COMFORT, the post-war
  humanitarian mission to assist the Kurds. Other notable deployments for CA units include peacekeeping and
  disaster relief efforts in Operation RESTORE HOPE in Somalia, Operation UPHOLD DEMOCRACY in
  Haiti, and Operation JOINT ENDEAVOR in the Balkans. However, the 11 September 2001 terrorist attack
  on the United States ushered CA into a new era.
  A-14. Significant changes for CA took place during the Global War on Terror. To meet the growing needs
  of the conventional force, on 1 October 2006, the Army reassigned USACAPOC from USASOC to USAR.
  USASOC retained the single Active Duty special operations CA unit, the 96th CA Battalion. Two weeks
  later, on 16 October 2006, the Army established CA as a branch in the regular Army. Prior to that, it had
  been a functional area. Constant rotations to Afghanistan and Iraq accelerated the operating tempo of CA
  units and promoted growth in the active force. USASOC used 96th CA Battalion personnel as cadre to create
  four additional active special operations CA Battalions (91st, 92d, 97th, and 98th) under the newly organized
  95th CA Brigade (2007). Currently, the 95th CA Brigade (Special Operations) (Airborne) is assigned to the
  1st Special Forces Command supporting ARSOF and USSOCOM commitments.
  A-15. The demand to support continued Global War on Terror operations also resulted in the creation of the
  conventional 85th CA Brigade on 16 September 2011, with five subordinate battalions (80th, 81st, 82d, 83d,
  and 84th). Based at Fort Hood, Texas, this regular Army unit was subordinated to United States Army Forces
  Command (FORSCOM) and provided CA support to conventional forces. However, following troop level
  drawdowns, the Army deactivated the 80th and 84th CA battalions on 15 September 2016. The 85th CA
  Brigade, along with its 81st and 82d battalions were inactivated on 15 March 2018, leaving the 83d CA
  Battalion as the sole active CA unit supporting the conventional force.
  A-16. Army CA has evolved considerably since its origins in the post-World War I occupation of Germany.
  The Army has recognized the continuing need for formal CA instruction and planning and the requirement
  for a standing CA force. CA engages across the range of military operations—from the prevention of
  hostilities to assisting people in returning to daily life after hostilities or humanitarian crises end. The demand
  for CA is strong because it is a force multiplier and has a history of proven utility.