text: Multidomain Operations and Intelligence
  2-5. Adversary actions increase the level of risk to the U.S. joint force in order to raise the threshold at which
  the United States might respond to a provocation with military force. By reducing the joint force’s conventional
  deterrence, adversaries believe they have greater freedom of action to conduct malign activities both within and
  outside the U.S. homeland. Adversaries exploit this freedom of action through offensive cyberspace operations,
  disinformation, legal operations, influence operations, unconventional forces, and the aggressive positioning of
  ground, air, and naval forces to support territorial claims. Adversaries employ different types of forces and
  capabilities to attack private and government organizations, threaten critical economic infrastructure, and
  disrupt political processes, often with a degree of plausible deniability that reduces the likelihood of a friendly
  military response.
  2-6. During crisis and armed conflict, enemies typically initiate their aggression under conditions optimal
  for their success, requiring U.S. forces to respond at a disadvantage. U.S. combat operations typically involve
  force projection over long distances, providing advantages for enemy forces operating closer to their bases
  of support. Enemies typically have a degree of popular support cultivated through decades of propaganda
  and isolation from the free flow of information. This increases the enemy’s will to fight and can make local
  populations hostile to U.S. forces and objectives.
  2-7. Army forces overcome challenges posed by threats and the environment with credible formations able
  to employ lethal capabilities. Credible combat forces are those able to overcome the advantages adversaries
  generate within a specific regional context. Lethality is the capability and capacity to destroy (FM 3-0).
  Employing and threatening the employment of lethal force are at the core of how Army forces achieve
  objectives and enable the rest of the instruments of national power to achieve objectives.
  2-8. Lethality is enabled by formations maneuvering into positions of relative advantage where they can employ
  weapons systems and mass effects to destroy enemy forces or place them at risk of destruction. The speed, range,
  and accuracy of weapons systems employed by a formation enhance weapons systems’ lethality. The demands of
  large-scale combat rapidly deplete available stockpiles and require forces to retain large reserves of ammunition,
  weapons, and other warfighting capabilities. Leaders multiply the effects of lethal force by employing
  combinations of capabilities through multiple domains to create, accrue, and exploit relative advantages—
  imposing multiple dilemmas on enemy forces and overwhelming their ability to respond effectively.
  2-9. Intelligence is inherently multidomain, joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational. The
  intelligence warfighting function supports lethality directly by providing effective and flexible intelligence
  support to large-scale combat operations—the Army’s modernization focus. However, intelligence support
  is critical to all Army strategic contexts. The intelligence warfighting function strives to provide
  commanders and staffs with the timely, relevant, accurate, predictive, and tailored intelligence required to
  visualize the OE, assess the situation, set the theater, direct military actions, and establish positions of
  relative advantage across the domains and dimensions of the OE as a part of the joint force.
  2-10. Table 2-1 lists several intelligence considerations associated with Army strategic challenges.
  Table 2-1. Intelligence considerations for Army strategic challenges
  Army strategic challenge Intelligence considerations (not all-inclusive)
  • Gaining the proper authorities.
  • Write to release and intelligence sharing.
  Gaining and maintaining support of allies and • Multinational interoperability and using systems such as CENTRIXS and the US BICES.
  partners. • Security force assistance and engagements.
  • Language support.
  • Discrediting disinformation and misinformation.
  • Access to the intelligence enterprise and architecture.
  • Access to experts on the different regional governments and civil components of the
  Maintaining the continuous information operational environment.
  collection needed to determine the • Information collection, analysis, and Intelligence reach.
  composition, disposition, strength, and • Intelligence processing, exploitation, and dissemination.
  activities of enemy forces. • Warning intelligence.
  • Intelligence preparation of the operational environment.
  • Collection management.