text: Generating and Applying Combat Power
  (cid:122) Increasing operational reach and lethality through long-range fires systems and information
  collection.
  (cid:122) Providing access to otherwise inaccessible land areas.
  (cid:122) Providing and protecting transportation of units, equipment, and supplies on a large scale, over
  strategic distances.
  (cid:122) Integrating with all-source intelligence.
  (cid:122) Preventing enemy forces from using sea lines of communications and supply routes.
  (cid:122) Attacking enemy maritime threats to landforces.
  ARMY FORCE POSTURE
  The Army postures forces in a way that
  balances the need for sustainable readiness with the Although U.S. Army forces have the ability to
  need for responsiveness. Forward-stationed and respond rapidly to regional and global crisis, the
  rotational forces provide CCDRs with support to ability to build and project large-scale combat
  operations during competition and rapid response power can take months.
  during crisis. These forces are usually small in
  number and may be vulnerable if the situation rapidly escalates to armed conflict. Forces based in strategic
  support areas allow for unit training and a sustainable readiness cycle. These forces are part of the Army’s
  global response capability, or they are in support of regional contingency plans that typically have
  deployment timelines that occur over months.
  Army Reserve Components support a wide variety of domestic and global Army operations. Although
  they constitute about half of the Army’s organized units, they provide about 80 percent of the Army’s
  sustainment units, over 70 percent of maneuver support units, a fourth of the Army’s mobilization base
  expansion capability, and most of its civil affairs capacity. The Army Reserve Components are also the
  Army’s major source of trained individual Soldiers for strengthening headquarters and filling vacancies in
  the Regular Army during a crisis. Reserve Components provide a key resource for reconstitution operations
  during armed conflict. It is critical for planners to understand that Reserve Components forces have
  mobilization requirements that take time and typically have deployment time limits that must factor into force
  management and contingency plans. (See ADP 1for more information on Army reserve forces. See Chapter
  6 for more information on reconstitution. See Chapter 5 for information on reserve mobilization.)
  ARMY ECHELONS
  The Army operates through the use of echelons to ensure manageable spans of control for leaders.
  Echelons generally correspond to a particular level of warfare, but they may contribute to two or more levels
  depending on the situation.
  Generally, higher echelons (for example, divisions and higher) have greater experience in their
  command teams and staffs. They have the expertise and perspective to coordinate large-scale operations and
  complex or politically sensitive tasks. They retain control of scarce resources so that they can employ them
  at the right time and place. This often includes joint air, space, maritime, and cyberspace capabilities. Higher
  echelons generally employ these critical capabilities to set conditions for lower echelon success and to weight
  the main effort appropriately. Higher echelons maneuver subordinate formations and use capabilities from
  all domains to shape the environment and create and exploit relative advantages. Generally speaking, the
  joint force commanddegrades enemy strategic capabilities to enable forcible entry and sustained operations.
  The land component command sets the theater, defeats enemy long- and mid-range fires, provides
  operational-level sustainment, and apportions joint capabilities to corps. Corps, operating as tactical
  formations, defeat enemy mid-range fires, employ joint capabilities to set conditions for divisions to
  maneuver, and maintain the tempo of operations through sustainment and other rear operations. Divisions
  defeat enemy short-range fires, mass effects on enemy forward echelons, and synchronize BCT maneuver in
  close combat with enemy forces. BCTs conduct close operations to defeat and destroy enemy forces during
  battles and engagements.
  Generally, subordinate echelons (for example, brigades and lower) contribute to the overall mission
  by executing tasks and fulfilling the purpose assigned to their unit. They provide awareness to the higher