text: Chapter 2
  2-112. Peer adversaries possess weapons systems, such as theater ballistic missiles, with ranges that exceed
  the collection range of tactical-echelon information collection systems. Unlike irregular warfare campaigns,
  where aerial assets, like unmanned aerial systems, can be flown directly over or in close proximity to the
  collection area, threat air defense and tactical aircraft in large-scale combat may force those assets to operate
  well to the rear of the forward edge of the battle area. Additionally, national ISR platforms may be neutralized
  through cyber, anti-satellite, counterspace, or electronic warfare attacks.
  2-113. To mitigate these shortcomings, units first leverage all organic assets to the utmost capacity.
  Information collection assets should not be held in reserve. Selecting the appropriate capability to answer the
  intelligence requirement also enhances collection efficiencies. Once organic assets are exhausted, units
  request support from higher echelons for both collection and analytical support. Low technology information
  collection assets, such as ground reconnaissance, open-source intelligence, and surveillance and human
  intelligence collection teams, should be leveraged to mitigate the effects when higher technology capabilities
  are degraded or neutralized by enemy cyber, anti-space, or electronic warfare attacks.
  FIRES
  If after the battle is over, your infantry don’t like you, you are a poor artilleryman.
  Captain Henry Reilly, The Field Artillery Journal (Sept–Oct 1940)
  2-114. Success in operations is dependent on the ability of Army forces to employ fires. Fires enable
  maneuver. Commanders enable maneuver through the fires warfighting function—the related tasks and
  systems that create and converge effects in all domains against the adversary or enemy to enable operations
  across the range of military operations (ADP 3-0). These tasks and systems create lethal and nonlethal effects
  delivered from both Army and joint forces, as well as other unified action partners.
  2-115. Commanders must integrate and execute fires, in combination with the other elements of combat
  power, to create and converge effects and achieve the desired end state. Fires tasks are those necessary actions
  that must be conducted to create and converge effects in all domains to meet the commander’s objectives.
  The tasks of the fires warfighting function are—
  * Execute fires across the five domains and in the information environment, employing—
   Surface-to-surface fires.
   Air-to-surface fires.
   Surface-to-air fires.
   Cyberspace operations and electronic warfare.
   Space operations.
   Multinational fires.
   Special operations.
   Information and deception operations.
  * Integrate Army, multinational, and joint fires through—
   Targeting.
   The operations process.
   Intelligence analysis and collection management.
   Fire support planning and coordination.
   Air and missile defense planning and integration.
   Electromagnetic spectrum management.
   Multinational integration.
   Rehearsals.
  (See ADP 3-19 for a detailed description of the fires warfighting function. Refer to FM 3-09 for a detailed
  description of fire support at the corps and division level.)