text: Operational Environment Overview
  FIRES
  1-65. OCO and EA tasks are part of the fires warfighting function. Cyberspace forces employ cyberspace
  attacks to deny, degrade, disrupt, and destroy or otherwise affect enemies’ cyberspace or information-dependent
  capabilities. EW personnel employ EA to degrade, and neutralize the enemies’ ability to use the EMS.
  Cyberspace and EW effects transcends beyond cyberspace and the EMS and may result in second-and-third-
  order effects that could impact the other physical domains.
  1-66. Army cyberspace and EW effects applied against enemy capabilities and weapon systems deny their
  ability to communicate, track, or target. EW also supports fires by enabling lethal fires through the employment
  of ES to search for, identify, and locate or localize sources of radiated electromagnetic energy used by the
  enemy for targeting. Defensive EA can support fires through the deployment of decoys or noise to mask friendly
  fires networks.
  SUSTAINMENT
  1-67. Cyberspace operations support sustainment through DODIN operations and defensive cyberspace
  operations (DCO). Sustainment organizations, functions, systems, and sustainment locations that are highly
  dependent on DODIN operations include—
  * The global supply chain.
  * Army logistics networks and information systems.
  * Mobilization and power projection platforms.
  * Aerial ports of debarkation.
  * Seaports of debarkation.
  1-68. DODIN operations establish the necessary communications to conduct sustainment functions.
  Cyberspace forces defend sustainment systems when adversaries breach cybersecurity measures of networks
  and systems from threat cyberspace attacks. EW supports sustainment through EP and ES, ensuring freedom
  of action for DODIN operations in and through the EMS for continued sustainment support. Management,
  coordination, and deconfliction of frequencies in the EMS are functions of spectrum management operations.
  Refer to Chapter 2 for more information on defensive cyberspace operations-internal defensive measures
  (DCO-IDM).
  PROTECTION
  1-69. DCO-IDM and EP tasks, in addition to the cyberspace security tasks of DODIN operations, are part of
  the protection warfighting function. DODIN operations, DCO-IDM, EP, and defensive EA support protection
  by securing and defending the DODIN-A. Cyberspace forces conduct DCO-IDM to detect, characterize,
  counter, and mitigate ongoing or imminent threats to the DODIN-A. DODIN operations and DCO-IDM also
  enable other protection tasks by providing secured communications for—
  * Area security.
  * Police operations.
  * Personnel recovery.
  * Air and missile defense.
  * Detention operations.
  1-70. EP involves actions to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from friendly, neutral, or enemy use
  of the EMS. EP includes measures to protect friendly personnel and equipment in a contested and congested
  electromagnetic operational environment (EMOE). The EMOE is a composite of the actual and potential
  electromagnetic energy radiation, conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of
  capabilities and the decisions of the commander. The CEMA spectrum manager work closely with the S-6 or
  G-6 spectrum manager to deconflict frequencies used by friendly forces. Friendly forces can employ proactive
  measures such as emission control to reduce their electromagnetic signature, thus increasing OPSEC. Defensive
  EA protects friendly forces by denying enemy use of the EMS, disrupting their ability to target, guide, or fire
  weapons. Refer to Chapters 2 and 4 of this publication for more information on emission control.