text: Chapter2
  During competition, peer threats may attempt to isolate friendly forces using disinformation campaigns
  and the threat of aggression. During crisis, peer threats seek to isolate U.S. forward-positioned forces and
  prevent their support from the United States or elsewhere in theater. During armed conflict, enemy forces
  identify isolated friendly forces using a variety of capabilities and rapidly attempt to destroy them through
  long-range, massed, and precision fires.
  Sanctuary
  Sanctuary is the positioning of threat forces beyond the reach of friendly forces. It is a form of
  protection derived by some combination of political, legal, and physical boundaries that restricts freedom of
  action by a friendly force commander. Peer threats will use any means necessary, including sanctuary, to
  protect key capabilities from destruction, particularly by air and missile capabilities. Peer threats will also
  protect their key interests, whether these interests reside in their homeland or in another country. To create a
  sanctuary that protects key interests, adversaries employ combinations of both physical and nonphysical
  means toprotect key interests, including—
  (cid:122) International borders.
  (cid:122) Complex terrain.
  (cid:122) Hiding among noncombatants and culturally sensitive structures.
  (cid:122) Counterprecision techniques, including camouflage, concealment, and deception.
  (cid:122) Countermeasures, including decoys, hardened and buried facilities, integrated air defense systems,
  and long-range fires.
  (cid:122) Information warfare.
  (cid:122) Threatening attacks against the U.S. homeland, possibly using including weapons of mass
  destruction.
  (cid:122) International law, treaties, and treaty agreements.
  (cid:122) Internal population information control (by denying the internet or jamming external radio and
  television).
  Most means of sanctuary cannot protect an entire enemy force for an extended time. Therefore, a threat
  will seek to protect selected elements of its forces for enough time to gain the freedom of action necessary to
  pursue its strategic or diplomatic goals. Threat forces seek to protect their conventional forces, advanced
  aircraft, and extended-range fires systems. Many peer threats invest in long-range rocket and missile systems,
  such as the Russian Smerch 9A52 and Chinese PHL-03, capable of counterfire at extreme ranges to allow
  sanctuary behind international borders. Improved air defense systems, including counter ballistic missile
  systems, often provide protection for these advanced fires capabilities.
  UNIFIED ACTION AND ARMY FORCES
  [S]eparate ground, sea, and air warfare is gone forever. If ever again we should be
  involved in war, we will fight it in all elements, with all services, as one single concentrated
  effort.
  President Dwight D. Eisenhower
  To counter threats and protect national interests worldwide, the Armed Forces of the United States
  operate as a joint force in unified action. Unified action is the synchronization, coordination, and/or
  integration of the activities of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve
  unity of effort (JP 1, Volume 1).Unity of effortis coordination and cooperation toward common objectives,
  even if the participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization, which is the product
  of successful unified action (JP 1, Volume 2). Army forces, as part of unified action, conduct operations in
  support of the joint force, with multinational allies and partners, and in coordination with other agencies and
  organizations. The Army’s contribution to unified action is multidomain operationswhich seek to employ all
  available capabilities in unexpected combinations that create and exploit relative advantages.Leaders must
  be capable of employing all unified action partners to the greatest extent possible, including conventional
  forces, special operations forces, allies, partner-nation forces, territorial defense forces, and any other
  organization or individual whose efforts can legally be harnessed to help achieve objectives.