text: Chapter 1
  1-6. Army forces help to shape the security environment by creating security conditions more favorable to
  U.S. and allied interests, even in regions in which the United States is not likely to commit large numbers of
  forces for major combat operations. The Army also helps shape the security environment through SC
  activities that enable combatant commands to assure friends, establish trust, foster mutual understanding, and
  help partners build the capability and capacity to defend themselves and prevent conflict.
  1-7. SC activities that shape the security environment may include providing Army forces for—
  * Exercises and training, to include participation at Army institutional training and senior
  professional military education.
  * Security assistance (SA) teams overseas.
  * Security force assistance (SFA) activities that build partner capability and capacity, and enable
  interoperability.
  * Civil affairs support for stabilization, reconstruction, and development.
  * Foreign internal defense (FID).
  * Counterterrorism and support to counterterrorism.
  * Smaller footprint combat operations short of major conflict.
  * Foreign humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.
  * Efforts to counter weapons of mass destruction.
  1-8. Army forces perform all the activities described in paragraph 1-7 while still maintaining the capability
  to conduct multidomain operations anywhere globally. Shaping the security environment diminishes regional
  tensions, enhances stability, and contributes to the security of the homeland. Therefore, as a common Army
  function, SC is vital to American security interests.
  1-9. The Army supports the SC function through the integration of the capabilities of regionally aligned
  conventional forces and Army special operations forces (ARSOF). This regional alignment can enhance
  relationships between planning staffs while improving units’ familiarity with areas in which they will most
  likely be employed. This ability can be further enhanced by increasing the integration of conventional forces
  and special operations forces, both for the missions aimed primarily at improving the military effectiveness
  of partners and U.S. missions such as counter proliferation. Aligning Army forces with regions allows the
  integration of planning and training for combatant command contingencies, focuses language and cultural
  training, and provides predictable and dependable capabilities to combatant command and theater army
  commanders. In addition, the Army considers how to manage, train, and develop Soldiers to support regional
  alignment and ensure appropriate investments are made in Soldiers and leveraged by the Army.
  1-10. Based on the appropriate policy, legal frameworks, and authorities, the Army supports SC in concert
  with partner units, institutions, and security sector functions to build partner capability and capacity and to
  enable and enhance interoperability. Army support to SC is derived from DOD policy guidance and helps
  the combatant command shape the security environment to achieve mid- to long-term objectives with
  partners.
  SECURITY COOPERATION ACTIVITIES AND PROGRAMS
  1-11. DOD security cooperation activities occur under the broader umbrella of DOS foreign assistance. The
  Office of Foreign Assistance is responsible for the supervision and overall strategic direction of foreign
  assistance programs administered by the DOS and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).
  1-12. SC programs represent established authorizations and appropriations which, when funded, joint force
  units, teams, and individuals can translate into specific SC activities.
  SECURITY COOPERATION ACTIVITIES
  1-13. Foreign assistance is defined under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-195 as amended) as
  any tangible or intangible item provided by the United States Government [including “by means of gift, loan,
  sale, credit, or guaranty”] to a foreign country or international organization under this or any other Act,
  including but not limited to any training, service, or technical advice, any item of real, personal, or mixed