text: Army Tactics
  position available organic or supporting radars in locations to best support the operation. The selection of
  those positions reflects a risk assessment designed to preclude their early loss to enemy action. Units establish
  air defense priorities based on the concept of operations, scheme of maneuver, air situation, and the air
  defense priorities. Friendly air defense communicates weapon status to friendly assets, balances protection
  of ground units, and prevents fratricide of friendly air assets.
  Populace and Resources Control
  1-181. Units include populace and resources control measures in their planning and execution of all
  operations. Ensuring proper implementation of populace and resources controls can keep civilians from
  potentially getting harmed by or disrupting military operations, increase OPSEC by limiting their access to
  sensitive areas, and disrupt illegal activities that can affect military logistics. During the conduct of large-
  scale combat operations, an indigenous civil government will probably not be able to define, enact, and
  enforce populace and resources control measures. (See FM 3-57, ATP 3-39.30, and ATP 3-57.10 for
  additional information on the conduct of populace and resource control.)
  Electromagnetic Protection
  1-182. Many Army capabilities—including communications, cyberspace operations, information
  collection, space capabilities, target detection, and precision guided munitions—depend on assured access to
  the electromagnetic spectrum. The tasks to protect Army access to the electromagnetic spectrum are—
  * Conduct electromagnetic protection actions.
  * Conduct electromagnetic spectrum operations.
  * Conduct defensive electromagnetic attack.
  For more information on electromagnetic protection, see JP 3-85.
  Conduct Electromagnetic Protection Actions
  1-183. Electromagnetic protection is a division of electromagnetic warfare involving actions taken to
  protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy use of the electromagnetic
  spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability (JP 3-85). This includes actions taken
  to ensure friendly use of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as frequency agility in a radio or variable pulse
  repetition frequency in radar. Electromagnetic protection protects U.S. and allied systems from the effects of
  friendly and enemy electromagnetic attack and electromagnetic interference.
  1-184. Electromagnetic protection actions include—
  * Electromagnetic compatibility.
  * Electromagnetic hardening.
  * Electronic masking.
  * Emission control.
  * Wartime reserve modes.
  Conduct Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations
  1-185. Electromagnetic spectrum operations is coordinated military actions to exploit, attack, protect, and
  manage the electromagnetic environment (JP 3-85). Electromagnetic spectrum operations enable
  electromagnetic systems to perform their functions in the intended environment without causing or suffering
  unacceptable interference.
  Conduct Defensive Electromagnetic Attack
  1-186. Defensive electromagnetic attack primarily protects friendly personnel and equipment or platforms
  against lethal attacks by denying enemy use of the electromagnetic spectrum to guide or trigger weapons.
  Defensive electromagnetic attack uses the electromagnetic spectrum to protect personnel, facilities,
  capabilities, and equipment. Examples of self-protection and other protection measures include the use of
  expendables (flares and active decoys), jammers, towed decoys, directed-energy infrared countermeasures,
  and counter radio-controlled improvised explosive device systems.