text: Chapter 2
  ELECTROMAGNETIC SUPPORT
  2-50. Electromagnetic support refers to the division of electromagnetic warfare involving actions tasked by,
  or under the direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate or
  localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for immediate threat
  recognition, targeting, planning, and conduct of future operations (JP 3-85). In multi-domain operations,
  commanders work to dominate the EMS and shape the operational environment by detecting, intercepting,
  analyzing, identifying, locating, and affecting (deny, degrade, disrupt, deceive, destroy, and manipulate)
  adversary electromagnetic systems that support military operations. Simultaneously, they also work to protect
  and enable U.S. and Allied forces’ freedom of action in and through the EMS.
  2-51. The purpose of ES is to acquire adversary combat information in support of a commander’s maneuver
  plan. Combat information is unevaluated data, gathered by or provided directly to the tactical commander
  which, due to its highly perishable nature or the criticality of the situation, cannot be processed into tactical
  intelligence in time to satisfy the user’s tactical intelligence requirements (JP 2-01). Combat information used
  for planning or conducting combat operations, to include EA missions, is acquired under Command authority;
  however, partner nation privacy concerns must be taken into account. Decryption of communications is an
  exclusively SIGINT function and may only be performed by SIGINT personnel operating under Director,
  National Security Agency and Chief, National Security Service SIGINT operational control (DODI O-
  3115.07).
  2-52. ES supports operations by obtaining EMS-derived combat information to enable effects and planning.
  Combat information is collected for immediate use in support of threat recognition, current operations,
  targeting for EA or lethal attacks, and support the commander’s planning of future operations. Data collected
  through ES can also support SIGINT processing, exploitation, and dissemination to support the commander’s
  intelligence and targeting requirements and provide situational understanding. Data and information obtained
  through ES depend on the timely collection, processing, and reporting to alert the commander and staff of
  potential critical combat information.
  ELECTROMAGNETIC SUPPORT TASKS
  2-53. When conducting electromagnetic support, commanders employ EW platoons located in the brigade,
  combat team (BCT) military intelligence company (MICO) to support with information collection efforts,
  survey of the EMS, integration and multisource analysis by providing indications and warning, radio
  frequency direction finding and geolocation of threat emissions.
  2-54. ES tasks include—
  * Electromagnetic Reconnaissance.
  * Threat Warning.
  * Direction finding.
  Electromagnetic Reconnaissance
  2-55. Electromagnetic reconnaissance is the detection, location, identification, and evaluation of foreign
  electromagnetic radiations (energy) (JP 3-85). Electromagnetic reconnaissance is an action used to support
  information collection and is an element of the tactical task reconnaissance (see Chapter 4). Information
  obtained through electromagnetic reconnaissance assists the commander with situational understanding and
  decision making and, can be further processed to support SIGINT activities. Electromagnetic reconnaissance
  may result in EP modifications or lead to an EA or lethal attack.
  2-56. Information obtained through electromagnetic reconnaissance, in conjunction with other sources of
  information and intelligence data, can be used for precision geolocation. Precision geolocation involves
  planning, coordinating, and managing friendly assets to geolocate enemy radio frequency systems for
  targeting. The data gathered is analyzed to determine the location of the electromagnetic energy’s origin.
  This information provides the fires support element with a physical location of enemy systems radiating
  electromagnetic energy.