text: Chapter 1
  * Risk management.
  * Knowledge management.
  This manual will highlight the key integrating process of Targeting and discuss its use
  in support of Army operations.
  The targeting methodology is an iterative, and logical means necessary for the
  development, planning, execution, and assessment of target engagements.
  Commanders establish a targeting team to assist in planning. Key staff components
  working together are referred to as the targeting team and include, but are not limited
  to, enablers such as fire support (FS), intelligence, operations, plans cells and
  information advantage assets. Representatives from these cells and elements are
  essential to a comprehensive targeting process. Other members of the staff may help
  them in the planning and execution phases of targeting. Close coordination among all
  cells and elements is crucial for a successful targeting effort.
  The commander establishes the environment that determines the quality of the
  targeting effort and targeting often determines the mission's success or failure. This
  success is dependent upon the shared understanding of the targeting team, and the use
  of a standard lexicon outlined in the following sections.
  SECTION I - TERMINOLOGY
  1-1. A target is an entity or object that performs a function for the threat considered for possible engagement
  or other action (JP 3-60). Targets include a wide array of mobile and stationary forces, equipment, and
  capabilities that span the physical, information, and human dimensions and that a threat can use to conduct
  operations. A target's importance is determined by its potential contribution to achieving a commander's
  objectives or otherwise accomplishing assigned tasks or reaching an effect. Targets are continuously refined
  or adjusted as an operation unfolds.
  1-2. Targeting is the process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response to
  them, considering operational requirements and capabilities (JP 3-0). It is an integral part of the operations
  process that organizes the efforts of the commander and staff to integrate and synchronize fires in operations.
  Targeting seeks to create specific desired effects through lethal and nonlethal actions.
  1-3. Targeting encompasses many processes, all linked and logically guided by the joint targeting cycle.
  Units may use the Army targeting process or the joint targeting cycle as appropriate according to
  organizational echelon to integrate and synchronize capabilities, across warfighting functions and
  information advantage, into operations, creating the desired effects in time and space. The targeting team
  recommends targeting guidance to the commander, develops targets, selects targets for attack, and
  coordinates, integrates, and assigns organic or allocated joint, interagency, and multinational fires to specific
  targets and target systems.
  SECTION II – PRINCIPLES
  1-4. Targeting proceeds from the commander's objectives to an assessment of the results achieved by the
  executed course of action (COA). Participants in the targeting process should adhere to these targeting
  principles for creating the desired effects while diminishing undesired or adverse collateral effects. The
  targeting principles are:
  * Focused. Targeting focuses on achieving the commander's objectives. It is the function of targeting
  to achieve efficiently those objectives within the parameters set at the operational level, directed
  limitations, the rules of engagement (ROE), or rules for the use of force, the law of war, and other
  guidance given by the commander. Every target nominated must contribute to attaining the
  commander's objectives.