text: Chapter 4
  delivering cyberspace attacks and EA. The fire support coordinator or fire support officer details fires
  coordination in the OPLAN or OPORD or target synchronization matrix.
  Assess
  4-75. The assess function occurs throughout the operations process. During the assess function, targets are
  continuously refined and adjusted by the commander and staff in response to new or unforeseen situations
  presented during operations. Combat assessment measures the effectiveness of cyberspace attack and EA
  capabilities on the target and concludes with recommendations for reattack, continued attack, or to cease an
  attack. Recommendations for reattack, continued attack, and ceasing EA are combined G-3 or S-3 and
  intelligence functions approved by the commander. For more information on the targeting cycle and target
  development process, see ATP 3-60.
  CONSIDERATIONS WHEN TARGETING
  4-76. The fires support element, in collaboration with the G-3 or S-3 and G-2 or S-2, uses targeting cycles
  and target development processes to select, prioritize, determine the type of effects, and duration of effects on
  targets. CEMA’s planning, integrating, synchronizing, and assessing cyberspace operations and EW becomes
  apparent during the targeting process. Three important aspects of cyberspace and EW operations that require
  consideration during targeting processes are—
  * Characteristics of cyberspace and electromagnetic warfare capabilities.
  * Cascading, compounding, and collateral effects.
  * Reversibility of effects.
  * Considerations when requesting OCO support for targeting.
  CHARACTERISTICS OF CYBERSPACE AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WARFARE CAPABILITIES
  4-77. Cyberspace capabilities are developed based on gathered intelligence and from operational and mission
  variables attained regarding an OE. In cyberspace operations, cyberspace forces consider such conditions as
  the type of computer operating system used by an enemy or adversary, the make and model of the hardware,
  the version of software installed on an enemy or adversary’s computer, and the availability of cyberspace attack
  resources before creating effects on a target.
  4-78. EW capabilities are also developed based on gathered intelligence on operational and mission variables
  attained regarding an EMOE. In EW, targeting planners compare the types and capabilities of known spectrum-
  dependent devices that enemies use to the availability of EW resources before creating EW effects on a target.
  Targets include enemy spectrum-dependent devices carried by personnel and spectrum dependent systems used
  with or in weapons systems, sensory systems, facilities, and cyberspace capabilities that require the use of the
  EMS.
  CASCADING, COMPOUNDING, AND COLLATERAL EFFECTS
  4-79. The CEMA section should understand the overlaps amongst the military, other government,
  corporations, and private sectors in cyberspace. These overlaps are particularly important for estimates of
  possible cascading, compounding, or collateral effects when targeting enemy and adversary cyberspace
  capabilities. The same level of consideration is required when targeting enemy and adversary spectrum-
  dependent devices in the EMS.
  4-80. Cyberspace capabilities can create effects beyond the geographic boundaries of an AO and a
  commander’s area of interest. Employing cyberspace capabilities for attack or manipulation purposes within
  an area of interest require additional authorities beyond those given to a corps and below commander. Effects
  resulting from cyberspace attack operations can cause cascading effects beyond the targeted system that were
  not evident to the targeting planners. Cascading effects can sometimes travel through subordinate systems to
  attain access to the targeted system. Cascading effects can also travel through lateral or high-level systems to
  access a targeted system. Compounding effects are a gathering of various cyberspace effects that have interacted
  in ways that may have been either intended or unforeseen. Effects resulting from EA can cause cascading effects