text: Glossary
  airfield
  Anareapreparedfortheaccommodation(includinganybuildings,installations,andequipment),
  landing,takeoffofaircraft.(JP 3-17)
  airhead
  A designatedareain a hostileorpotentiallyhostileoperationalareathat,whenseizedandheld,ensures
  thecontinuousairlandingoftroopsandmaterielandprovidesthemaneuverspacenecessaryfor
  projectedoperations.(JP 3-18)
  airheadline
  A linedenotingthelimitsoftheobjectiveareaforanairborneassault.(JP 3-18)
  airspacecoordinatingmeasures
  Measuresemployedtofacilitatetheefficientuseofairspaceto accomplishmissionsand
  simultaneouslyprovidesafeguardsforfriendlyforces.(JP 3-52)
  airspacecoordinationarea
  A three-dimensionalblockofairspacein a targetarea, establishedbytheappropriateground
  commander,inwhichfriendlyaircraftarereasonablysafefromfriendlysurfacefires.Theairspace
  coordinationareamaybeformalorinformal.(JP 3-09.3)
  *assaultechelon
  (Army)Theelementof a forcethatissecheduledforinitialassaultontheobjectivearea.
  boundary
  A linethatdelineatessurfaceareasforthepurposeoffacilitatingcoordinationanddeconflictionof
  operationsbetweenadjacentunits,formations,orareas.(JP 3-0)
  civilconsiderations
  Theinfluenceofmanmadeinfrastructure,civilianinstitutions,andactivitiesofthecivilianleaders,
  populations,andorganizationswithinanareaofoperationsontheconductofmilitaryoperations.
  (ADRP 5-0)
  closeairsupport
  Airactionbyfixed- androtary-wingaircraftagainsthostiletargetsthatareincloseproximityto
  friendlyforcesandthatrequiredetailedintegrationofeachairmissionwiththefireandmovementof
  thoseforces.(JP 3-0)
  closecombatattack
  A coordinatedattackbyArmyattackreconnaissanceaircraft(mannedandunmanned)againstenemy
  forcesthatareincloseproximitytofriendlyforces.Theclosecombatattackisnotsynonymouswith
  closeairsupportflownbyjointaircraft.Terminalcontrolfromgroundunitsorcontrollersisnotdueto
  thecapabilitiesoftheaircraftandtheenhancedsituationalunderstandingoftheaircrew.(FM 3-
  04.126)
  combatidentification
  Theprocessofattaininganaccuratecharacterizationofdetectedobjectsintheoperationalenvironment
  tosupportanengagementdecision.(JP 3-09)
  commandgroup
  Thecommanderandselectedstaffmemberswhoassistthecommanderincontrollingoperationsaway
  from a commandpost.(FM 6-0)
  commander’sintent
  A clearandconciseexpressionofthepurposeoftheoperationandthedesiredmilitaryendstatethat
  supportsmissioncommand,providesfocustothestaff,andhelpssubordinateandsupporting
  commandersacttoachievethecommander’sdesiredresultswithoutfurtherorders,evenwhenthe
  operationdoesnotunfoldasplanned.(JP 3-0)
  conceptofoperations