text: Foundations of Counterinsurgency
  Intergovernmental
  3-10. Between international government organizations, for example, United Nations, European Union,
  NATO, African Union.
  Multinational
  3-11. Between foreign government organizations, for example, Great Britain, Saudi Arabia, Poland.
  COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES
  3-12. When working with interagency, intergovernmental, nongovernmental and multinational groups,
  Army commanders have inherent responsibilities that include clarifying the military’s mission; determining
  controlling legal and policy authorities; and sustaining and caring for these organizations and individuals.
  Information sharing between the elements is essential to establish ground truth. Not all agencies may agree
  on the nature or scope of support required or on the operation’s progress.
  3-13. Gaining and maintaining popular support presents a formidable challenge that the military cannot
  accomplish alone. Achieving these aims requires synchronizing the efforts of many nonmilitary and HN
  agencies in a coordinated approach. Coordination at the lowest level is essential for unity of effort. Likely
  participants in COIN operations include the following:
  • US military forces.
  • Multinational (including HN) military forces.
  • US governmental organizations.
  • Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs).
  • Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs).
  • Multinational corporations and contractors.
  • Indigenous population and institutions (IPI).
  US MILITARY FORCES
  3-14. The military’s contribution is vital for COIN efforts. Demanding and complex, COIN draws
  heavily on a broad range of the force’s capabilities and requires a different mix of offensive, defensive,
  and stability operations from that expected in major combat operations. Air, land, and maritime
  components all contribute to successful operations and to the vital effort to separate insurgents from the
  people. The Army and Marine Corps usually furnish the principal US military contributions to COIN
  forces.
  3-15. The most important military assets in COIN are disciplined Soldiers and Marines with adaptive,
  self-aware, and intelligent leaders. Tactical units may have specially trained or attached personnel who
  bring certain capabilities such as—
  • Civil affairs.
  • PSYOP.
  • Language specialists.
  • Human intelligence.
  • Logistic support.
  • Contractors.
  • Medical units.
  • Military police.
  • Engineers.
  • Legal affairs.