text: Chapter 2
  early as possible. Military planners establish trust, shared objectives, and collaborative approaches to
  overcome difficulties that could impede successful unified action among partners.
  2-5. Numerous partnerships are needed to ensure smooth transitions. Some are partnerships between the
  host nation and other nations, but partnerships among actors within the host nation are just as important. A
  coordinated, comprehensive approach depends on the combined support of external actors’ resources and
  internal actors’ commitment. Army leaders engage and establish links to all partners to facilitate successful
  transitions. Agencies and organizations operating within the region often understand the relationships
  between the new regime and the opposition. These agencies and organizations include U.S. agencies and
  those of other governments, NGOs, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), and other international
  organizations. The people within these agencies and organizations are not only familiar with the local
  culture and customs, they may have already developed a relationship of trust among the actors of both
  sides. This trust will help nurture these critical partnerships.
  OVERALL TRANSITION PRINCIPLES
  2-6. Army leaders at all levels keep in mind how their actions fit into a comprehensive approach. Leaders
  must avoid considering their missions in isolation from overall stability goals and principles. Principles of
  effective transition, within this comprehensive approach, include reconciliation, transparency, and patience.
  Applying these principles can support the development of trust among the various actors and, over time,
  provide an environment conducive to building partner capacity.
  Reconciliation
  2-7. The principle of reconciliation is to establish the end of conflict and renew a friendly relationship
  between disputing people or groups so the post-conflict government can represent them all. The transition
  principle of reconciliation builds on the stability principle of conflict transformation. Reconciliation must
  include more than an end to armed conflict. It also must involve renewing a friendly relationship between
  disputing people or groups. The disparate parties within the host nation must sufficiently resolve their
  differences and accept one another to allow for proper representation of each party in the host nation’s
  government. Reconciliation can be an end, a means, an outcome, or a process. For the purposes of this
  doctrine, reconciliation is a prerequisite to restoring governance. It must be achieved for the nation under
  new governance to move forward toward adequately serving its people. Including all groups and ensuring
  they all have representation from the beginning facilitate transparency, a key enabler for reconciliation.
  2-8. Army units assist the host nation and other contributors in developing a means to facilitate
  reconciliation. Most likely, developing reconciliation will take time to build trust among the groups within
  the host nation. Initially units may carry messages among the groups. Eventually the host nation and other
  contributors discuss key issues that focus on their relationships. Discussing the collective fears and desires
  of the future will help drive the dialogue.
  2-9. Effective stability efforts address underlying issues such as distrust and hatred passed from
  generation to generation. Planners develop a strategy to address and counter the underlying causes.
  Reconciliation needs to occur at personal and public levels.
  2-10. Transitional justice refers to a society’s efforts to bring accountability, justice, and reconciliation to
  bear in addressing a legacy of major abuse of human rights and is a key component of reconciliation.
  Transitional justice mechanisms may include truth and reconciliation commissions, lustrations (banning
  members of the previous regime from holding public office), reparations, and judicial processes. The
  country team coordinates U.S. support to specific forms of transitional justice. Ongoing dialogue among
  host-nation groups includes the root causes of conflict. Root causes may be tribal, cultural, based in
  religion, or based on the disagreement of land ownership and land rights. Disputing people or groups can
  resolve less severe grievances through workshops, public apologies, or policy reform.
  2-11. To facilitate reconciliation among individuals, transition planners should help the host nation develop
  a means for individuals to express their feelings through acceptable and peaceful cultural expression. Army
  units should take advantage of the expertise and contacts those IGOs and NGOs provide. Such
  organizations not only have direct contact with the many groups involved, but they most likely have tools
  and resources that can facilitate mutual respect among the host-nation groups. Despite apparent progress