text: Introduction
  Planners study and consider the political goals of each participant and lessons learned from multinational
  partners when writing multinational operation plans. This field manual aims to prompt commanders and
  staffs to consider details of agreements and treaties when planning multinational operations.
  This publication underwent significant changes since 2015. FM 3-16 reflects the U.S. Army’s role within a
  larger framework of multidomain operations and large-scale combat operations through its focus on
  maximum flexibility. This publication embraces the U.S. Army’s approach to command and control: mission
  command. This publication also discusses interoperability and ways to view multinational operations in an
  interoperable environment. This publication aligns directly with concepts and guidance in AR 34-1, ADP 3-0,
  FM 3-0, and JP 3-16.
  U.S. commanders expect to conduct military operations as part of a multinational force. These operations
  span the range of military operations and require coordination with various U.S. government agencies,
  military forces and government agencies of other nations, local authorities, nongovernmental organizations,
  and the private sector. Each entity that cooperates in conducting operations with U.S. Army forces is called
  a unified action partner (UAP). A comprehensive approach to problem solving increases the need for
  coordination and synchronization among UAPs. Multinational operations demand full staff integration.
  Multinational operations also demand multinational force staffs understand commander’s intent, execution
  capabilities, and limitations of every multinational force unit.
  Nations in multinational operations must share lessons learned and best practices. Multinational partners use
  information systems, liaisons, and analog methods to share information. The U.S. Army Center for Army
  Lessons Learned (known as CALL) serves as the office of primary responsibility and action agent for the
  implementation of the U.S. Army Lessons Learned Program. Readers can access its lessons learned at the
  Center for Army Lessons Learned at https://www.army.mil/call. The ABCANZ Armies’ Program coalition
  operations lessons learned database is located at https://wss.apan.org/cda/ABCANZ-armies. The
  Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute (known as PKSOI) repository of information is in the Joint
  Lessons Learned Information System (known as JLLIS) at https://www.jllis.mil. This system requires a
  Common Access Card and account for access. The Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute website
  allows access to the U.S. military, U.S. government agencies, multinational military and civilian
  organizations, and private sector organizations to collaborate for collecting, analyzing, disseminating, and
  integrating lessons learned for peacekeeping and stability operations.