text: Chapter 3
  Develop Rules of Engagement and Early Warning Procedures for Air Defense Operations
  3-34. The AMD element at the corps and division levels, supported by the airspace elements, develops rules
  of engagement and early warning procedures for air defense operations in the area of operations. The element
  recommends rules of engagement for current and future operations within the unit controlled airspace or
  high-density airspace control zone. The AMD element forwards these recommendations to the AADC for
  inclusion in the JFC’s rules of engagement. The airspace element and AMD element analyze all airspace
  documents and the JFC’s rules of engagement to extract pertinent data for dissemination to all subordinate
  ADAM/BAEs. Based on the AADP, the AMD element identifies and establishes liaison with the appropriate
  air defense artillery fire control officers and establishes procedures to process engagements through these
  controllers. In coordination with the airspace element, the AMD element establishes early warning
  procedures.
  Determine Reporting Requirements and Monitoring Methods for Manual Reporting
  3-35. An airspace element, supported by the aviation and AMD elements, determines which agencies
  operating in the area of operations lack self-reporting capabilities and equipment for identification, friend or
  foe. An airspace element establishes procedures for those agencies to manually report their locations. This
  airspace element also ensures dissemination of this information to unified action partners operating air
  platforms in the area of operations. The airspace element ensures all manually reported tracks are integrated
  into the common operational picture. Integration maximizes the freedom of maneuver and all airspace users’
  capabilities as well as minimizes the potential for fratricide and adverse impacts on operations.
  Integrate Airspace Use Within the Area of Operations
  3-36. Airspace element personnel at all echelons integrate airspace use within the area of operations. They
  receive airspace control guidance (ACP, ACO, and special instructions) from the ACA and distribute the
  guidance through appropriate electronic systems to all subordinate airspace elements. The airspace element
  identifies all airspace users in the area of operations and then coordinates their airspace use. Coordination
  involves determining the length of time those users will require airspace, determining the altitude and type
  of airspace volume for each user, synchronizing all user requirements into a cohesive plan, and planning for
  airspace conflict resolution. The airspace element also identifies airspace control enablers such as ATS, AMD
  units, and unified action partner airspace elements in the area of operations.
  Develop Airspace Coordinating Measures to Support Planned Operations
  3-37. During planning, airspace element personnel at all echelons develop ACMs to support planned
  operations. These personnel use an airspace coordinating measures request to integrate and nominate planned
  ACMs to higher headquarters as part of a future ACO. Consolidated at each echelon, airspace coordinating
  measures requests form the basis of a unit’s UAP. Lower echelons initiate UAPs on a schedule dictated by
  the battle rhythm. As these UAPs migrate up the chain of command, each higher echelon coordinates,
  consolidates, and integrates the plans until a single Army UAP exists. Airspace element personnel send this
  last UAP to the battlefield coordination detachment for coordination with the ACA and inclusion in the
  appropriate ACO (see Figure 3-1 on page 3-5). At each succeeding echelon, the staff coordinates the plan
  across the warfighting functions to ensure complete integration of fire support coordination measures and
  AMD planning. Timely feedback from each echelon throughout the process is essential for planning at lower
  echelons.
  3-38. The corps and division airspace elements and ADAM/BAE develop ACMs to support the
  commander’s concept of operations. The corps and division airspace elements and ADAM/BAE also ensure
  fire support coordination measures and AMD control measures are integrated with the UAP at each level.
  The staff disseminates these measures to higher, lower, and adjacent headquarters through fires and AMD
  channels.
  3-39. To support planned operations, planners identify ACMs at each level and plan for the type of control
  required (positive, procedural, or a mix of both). Planners use tailored ACMs that minimize the necessary
  time and volume of airspace to accomplish each individual mission. Once they identify the required ACMs,
  airspace element personnel at each echelon develop and submit the UAP up the chain of command (see Figure