text: Fire Support in Depth During Large-Scale Combat Operations
  fires on enemy forces. Commanders maintain this pressure by accomplishing the four basic FS functions
  previously discussed.
  6-3. FA and FS lethality is enabled by formations maneuvering into positions of relative advantage where
  they can mass effects to place enemy forces at risk. Lethality is the capability and capacity to destroy (FM 3-
  0). FS formations support the maneuver or supported commanders’ efforts to impose multiple dilemmas on
  the enemy by enabling convergence when and where critically needed.
  SECTION II – FIRE SUPPORT IN DEEP OPERATIONS
  6-4. Deep condition setting with integrated fires executed at increasingly longer ranges with precision in
  conjunction with fires in the close area are key elements for JFCs, corps, and divisions setting the conditions
  in the OE and accelerating the enemy's defeat in large-scale combat operations. A shaping operation is an
  operation at any echelon that creates and preserves conditions for success of the decisive operation through
  effects on the enemy, other actors, and the terrain (ADP 3-0). Deep operations and their corresponding fires
  are not just tools of the defense. They are, if anything, even more critical in the offense. Deep operations are
  tactical actions against enemy forces, typically out of direct contact with friendly forces, intended to shape
  future close operations and protect rear operations (FM 3-0). In both offense and defense, operations in the
  deep area involve efforts to interdict uncommitted maneuver forces using fire, maneuver, or a combination
  of the two to create opportunities to seize and retain the initiative. The deep area is where the commander
  sets conditions for future success in close combat (ADP 3-0). Close combat is warfare carried out on land in
  a direct-fire fight, supported by direct and indirect fires, and other assets (ADP 3-0). A commander's deep
  area generally extends beyond subordinate unit boundaries out to the limits of the commander's designated
  AO. For more information on deep operations see ATP 3-94.2.
  6-5. Enemy forces in the deep area are not out of contact in a multidomain environment since space,
  cyberspace, and the information dimension have few range constraints. Deep operations disrupt the enemy's
  movement in depth, destroy HPTs, and disrupt enemy C2 at critical times. They can deny the enemy the
  initiative early and limit enemy commander options.
  6-6. Joint and Army FS attack and delivery platforms are the most responsive assets an operational-level
  commander has to shape enemy forces and before they can employ lethal or non-lethal means against friendly
  forces. FS in the deep area might disrupt the movement of operational reserves, for example, or prevent an
  enemy from employing long-range cannon, rocket, or missile fires. Planning for operations in the deep area
  includes considerations for information collection, airspace control, joint fires, obstacles emplacement,
  maneuver (air and ground), and special operations. FS in the deep area is not a luxury; it is an absolute
  necessity to winning. FS in the deep area must be tightly coordinated over time with fires in the close area.
  Without this coordination, limited resources may be wasted on targets whose destruction in the deep area
  actually has little payoff in the close area.
  6-7. Corps HQ and their FSEs play a significant role in physical and temporal deep area operations.
  Temporally, corps planners must project into the future and decide what conditions can be created and
  exploited to defeat the enemy and accomplish the corps mission. Corps deep operations are those activities
  which are directed against enemy forces not currently engaged in the close operation, but capable of engaging
  or inflicting damage in future close operations. Many of the FS and TA capabilities the corps requires for
  deep operations are not organic to the corps. As such, the corps HQ coordinates for these joint and unified
  action partner capabilities through planning and the targeting process.
  6-8. Division deep operations, reinforced by corps and higher joint capabilities, focus on information
  collection, interdiction fires, and maneuver on enemy organizations and capabilities beyond the range of the
  BCTs engaged in close operations. They identify opportunities for BCTs to exploit, disrupt enemy C2, and
  mass effects against key enemy capabilities, such as long-range fires, to enable rapid movement. Interdiction
  fires create windows for friendly unit offensive maneuver.
  6-9. In general, corps deep operations occur beyond the area division can effectively employ its combat
  power. The extent to which a division conducts deep operations is limited in two ways: using control
  measures and by the ranges of the capabilities it controls. Corps deep fires should facilitate division freedom