text: Chapter 3
  3-24. During course of action (COA) development and collaborative planning, airspace element planners—
  * Ensure planned airspace use supports the commander’s intent and concept of operations.
  * Comply with the commander’s airspace risk guidance.
  * Address airspace conflict resolution procedures and war game to verify.
  * Develop ACMs when ground units utilize Army aviation to conduct attacks when in close
  proximity to friendly forces.Address airspace conflict resolution procedures and war game to
  verify.
  3-25. Airspace control planning is central to facilitating a shared understanding of joint air-ground
  integration. Planning contributes directly to the staff’s ability to assist the commander to execute commander
  tasks: understand, visualize, and describe. As commanders visualize an operation during planning, they
  describe it to their staffs and subordinates. Commanders describe their visualization in their initial
  commander’s intent, planning guidance, and operational approach that arranges warfighting function
  capabilities in time, space, and purpose.
  3-26. Facilitating a shared understanding of joint air-ground integration and airspace use spans all aspects of
  planning. The staff facilitates understanding by translating all higher headquarters airspace guidance and risk
  guidance from the ACP, AADP, ACO, special instructions, higher headquarters airspace appendices, and
  other needed documents into airspace constraints for incorporation into the planning effort. This shared
  understanding also involves participating in COA development and war-gaming of joint air-ground
  integration using higher headquarters airspace constraints, commander’s airspace priorities, airspace risk
  guidance, and conflict resolution guidance. The staff facilitates a shared understanding to utilize COA
  development and war-gaming. Using COA development ensures commanders understand that they normally
  are the final decision authority for assigning the mission and taking responsibility for prudent risk during
  combat operations. Commanders assess any higher commander constraints on the authority to accept prudent
  risk during COA development and war-gaming. If these constraints adversely impact mission success, they
  address constraints with higher headquarters through airspace and necessary operations channels. The staff
  facilitates a shared understanding by supporting the AMD and fires cells with their running estimates and
  appendix development. Lastly, the staff helps by shaping theater-level airspace planning to accommodate
  Army requirements. Establishing a shared understanding of joint air-ground integration and airspace use not
  only guides further planning but enables informed timely decisions during mission accomplishment.
  Note: Lessons learned have shown that a detailed wargame of the selected COA is necessary to
  identify potential airspace conflicts between Army aviation, organic UAS, artillery and joint air
  assets. A detailed COA wargame also allows the development of a collaborative unit airspace plan
  (UAP) that resolves the conflicts in accordance with the commander's airspace priorities and risk
  guidance.
  AIRSPACE CONTROL COLLECTIVE TASKS DURING PLANNING
  3-27. Airspace elements perform a series of collective tasks during staff planning. Airspace elements may
  not perform all the tasks listed below but should be trained to conduct all of them. These tasks result in the
  production and refinement of the daily UAP and an Appendix 10 (Airspace Control) to Annex C (Operations)
  of the Army plans and orders. See appendix F of this publication and FM 6-0 for Army plans and orders.
  Commanders must ensure the airspace plan is deliberate and supports the ground tactical plan. Additionally,
  the UAP must be rehearsed to validate integration of airspace users and support of the commander’s intent.
  3-28. Airspace control is an integral part of planning. Airspace elements at all echelons perform collective
  tasks during planning:
  * Determine integrated airspace user requirements.
  * Develop airspace usage priorities.
  * Coordinate ATS, sensor emplacement, and data links.
  * Determine combat identification authority and procedures for airspace users.
  * Develop rules of engagement and early warning procedures for air defense operations.
  * Determine reporting requirements and monitoring methods for manual reporting.