text: Chapter 5
  FACILITIES AND CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
  Engineers also participate in or perform a number of other processes that address specific engineer
  functional requirements or support the integration of engineer activities with the overall operation. Force
  projection is critical to ensuring that engineer forces are available to execute engineer missions when needed.
  Engineers plan for the acquisition, construction, management, and disposal of facilities to support the force,
  and they use project management to complete projects that meet expectations for quality, timeliness, and
  cost. See NTRP 4-04.2.3/TM 3-34.41/AFPAM 32-1000/MCRP 3-17.7M and NTRP 4-04.2.5/
  TM 3-34.42/AFPAM 32-1020/MCRP 3-17.7F for more information on construction estimating and
  construction project management.
  Engineers must plan for the acquisition, management, and ultimate disposal of uncontaminated land
  and facilities, to include—
  * Operational facilities (base camps, CPs, airfields, ports).
  * Training ranges.
  * The mitigation of explosive hazards for training ranges.
  * Logistics facilities (maintenance facilities, supply points, warehouses, ammunition supply points,
  waste management areas and facilities, APOD, SPOD) for sustainment.
  * Force bed-down facilities (dining halls, billeting facilities, religious support facilities, clinics,
  hygiene facilities).
  * Common-use facilities (roads and facilities for joint RSOI).
  * Protection facilities (site selection, proximity to potential threat areas, and sniper screening).
  * Environmental baseline surveys and occupational environmental health site assessments.
  The commander determines which facilities are needed to satisfy operational requirements. Facilities
  are grouped into six broad categories that emphasize the use of existing assets over new construction. To the
  maximum extent possible, facilities or real estate requirements should be met from these categories in the
  following priority:
  * U.S.-owned, -occupied, or -leased facilities (including captured facilities).
  * U.S.-owned facility substitutes that are pre-positioned in-theater.
  * Facilities provided at specified times in designated locations through existing HN and
  multinational support agreements.
  * Facilities available from commercial sources.
  * U.S.-owned facility substitutes that are available in the United States.
  * Newly constructed facilities that are considered a shortfall after an assessment of the availability
  of existing assets.
  EXPEDITIONARY CONSTRUCTION
  The engineer staff should plan the expeditious construction of facility requirements that are considered
  shortfalls (such as those facilities that cannot be sourced from existing assets). In these circumstances, the
  appropriate Service, HN, alliance, or coalition should perform construction during peacetime to the extent
  possible. Operational contract support augments military capabilities. If time constraints prevent new
  construction from being finished in time to meet mission requirements, the engineer should seek alternative
  solutions to new construction. Expedient construction (such as rapid construction techniques like
  prefabricated buildings or clamshell structures) should also be considered, because these methods can be
  selectively employed with minimum time, cost, and risk.