text: Chapter 2
  national representatives are available in each staff element. Effective representatives thoroughly understand
  their nations’ capabilities and limitations.
  INTEGRATION OF EACH NATION
  2-108. Each member nation provides its own distinct units and capabilities to a multinational force. These
  capabilities differ based on national interests, objectives, arms control limitations, doctrine, organization,
  training, leader development, equipment, history, defense budget, and domestic politics. To integrate these
  abilities into multinational operations, the member understands the differences in organization, abilities, and
  doctrine. The more nations involved, the greater these differences will be for the multinational force.
  2-109. Understanding these differences affects whether multinational operations succeed or fail. Units of the
  same type in one nation’s army may not perform the same functions as units in another army. An engineer
  unit in one army may have capabilities to build roads or buildings, while another army engineer unit may be
  limited to laying out minefields or building defensive positions.
  2-110. The commander of the multinational force integrates force capabilities to achieve the desired end
  state. Selecting the right mix of capabilities is a challenge. The multinational staff understands the capabilities
  and limitations of each nation in the multinational force when integrating units.
  2-111. National forces operate using their own doctrine internally, while externally their actions conform to
  the overall direction of the multinational force. To make this work, however, multinational commanders
  consider doctrinal differences among the other nations. Liaison officers or augmentees and supplemental
  staff officers help commanders understand differences, capabilities, and variations. When U.S. forces operate
  with NATO or ABCANZ countries as part of a multinational military command, they follow the doctrine
  and procedures embedded in U.S. doctrine from previously ratified STANAGs and ABCANZ standards. If
  time permits, commanders study and understand the doctrine of NATO and multinational partners.
  Nonetheless, nothing replaces knowing Army doctrine. Army doctrine comprises a part of NATO and
  multinational doctrine in most instances. At a minimum, it is a framework to begin operations.
  2-112. Conventional multinational force capabilities include the following assets and operations:
  • Air and missile defense.
  • Armor.
  • Aviation.
  • Engineering.
  • Field artillery.
  • Infantry.
  • Intelligence.
  • Medical.
  • Military police.
  • Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN).
  • Translators.
  • Interpreters.
  • Ordnance.
  • Personnel.
  • Quartermaster.
  • Signal.
  • Transportation.
  Multinational headquarters need to determine the requirements, capabilities, and dependencies of the forces
  they will lead across all warfighting functions. These include information about aviation assets, logistics,
  bases that enable operations, medical evacuation systems, and communications.
  Security Force Assistance Brigades
  2-113. The security force assistance brigades (SFABs) have the capacity and capability to advise, support,
  liaise, and assess foreign security forces and their supporting institutions in support of theater security