text: FM 7-100.1________________________________________________________________________________
  SAMs can engage enemy aircraft taking off or landing at airfields. OPFOR
  SPF or affiliated insurgents or terrorists can conduct raids against enemy air
  bases and other installations, using terror tactics to destroy enemy systems
  and generate fear. The goal is to present the enemy with a nonlinear,
  simultaneous battlefield. Attacking such targets not only denies the enemy
  sanctuary, but also can weaken his national will to continue the conflict.
  9-62. Infiltrated or stay-behind SPF and infantry can conduct on-call raids
  against airfields and ground support facilities. These raids can be timed in
  conjunction with other methods so that they assist in keeping the target
  under constant pressure. SPF or infantry can also conduct ambushes along
  LOCs to destroy certain types of vehicles or equipment related to air operations.
  9-63. National- and Operational-Level Assets. Some of the means
  available to attack these targets may be national- and operational-level
  assets. Since the OPFOR may be unable to reach such targets with its own Air
  Force aircraft, it may use long-range artillery, rockets, or missiles—possibly
  to deliver persistent chemical attacks or other weapons of mass destruction
  (WMD)—to disrupt or degrade enemy activities in the basing area.
  9-64. Affiliated Forces. In each contingency area, OPFOR planners try to
  identify insurgents, sympathizers, terrorist groups, and even criminal or-
  ganizations that might participate in Phase I. Some of these affiliated forces
  can conduct raids or ambushes and any of them can employ terror tactics to
  disrupt enemy operations at bases. They can also intimidate host country
  civilian contractors to force them to sabotage the enemy operations they
  were hired to support.
  PHASE II
  9-65. The second phase of air defense aims at destroying enemy aircraft
  while in flight and before they enter the airspace over OPFOR ground
  maneuver forces. The “flight area” overlaps the basing area and extends
  from enemy bases to the battle zones of OPFOR units. Thus, the OPFOR’s
  disruption zone(s) are included in this area, since one of the missions per-
  formed in this zone is to destroy aerial platforms before they get to the battle
  zone. The OPFOR often plans air defense ambushes in the flight area.
  Planning
  9-66. As with Phase I, planning for Phase II occurs primarily at the national
  and operational levels. This planning includes any OSCs whose AORs fall in
  the “flight area.” Although tactical units in the disruption zone can carry out
  air defense-related actions, these actions are part of a larger plan.
  Participants
  9-67. In Phase II, OPFOR SPF teams can infiltrate man-portable, shoulder-
  fired SAMs close to airfields or along identified and potential flight routes in
  the flight area. These teams are best employed in pairs. One team can over-
  watch an airfield and transmit information on the departure of aircraft and
  their direction of flight to another team with SAMs. Alternatively, the SPF
  observers could pass this information as early warning to other air defense
  units.