text: Chapter 19
  19-44. Friendly forces consider the pattern of previous operations. For example, if friendly forces have
  regularly made attacks two hours before daylight, it may be desirable to conduct a feint at this time. Although
  the timing of a feint is influenced by such factors, the timing of the main effort would most likely be the main
  consideration.
  DEMONSTRATION
  19-45. A demonstration is a variation of tactical deception used as a show of force in an area where a
  unit does not seek a decision and attempts to mislead an adversary. It is similar to a feint, but direct or
  indirect contact with the adversary is not intended. A demonstration may be conducted for the purpose of
  deceiving the enemy by visual contact with the expectation of luring them into a COA favorable to friendly
  lines of operation. While a demonstration has certain advantages over the feint, it lacks the realism.
  Paragraphs 19-46 and 19-47 lists some advantages and disadvantages of using a demonstration. See
  table 19-2 for the tactical planning symbol.
  19-46. The advantages of a demonstration are—
  * Absence of direct and indirect contact with the enemy facilitates subsequent employment of the
  demonstration force elsewhere.
  * A full force is not always necessary because no contact is made with the enemy. It is essential that
  a demonstration is combined with real capabilities to provide a creditable threat.
  * It permits the use of simulation devices, when available, in place of real items to deceive the
  enemy’s information collection.
  19-47. The disadvantages of a demonstration are—
  * It is more difficult to validate the threat to the enemy without direct or indirect contact.
  * It is more likely that a demonstration will be identified as a deception earlier in the operation than
  a feint.
  19-48. A demonstration can be used successfully when there is time and distance between the enemy
  positions and the demonstration force that makes the lack of contact appear realistic to enemy forces. In
  essence, a demonstration attempts to gain enemy response in an area where a friendly force is displayed.
  However, as the enemy reacts the friendly force withdraws without engagement.
  19-49. The direct exposure of sustainment operations can illustrate a demonstration. Many times,
  sustainment operations are much more visible than combat preparations and become a key indicator of
  location, type, and time for when combat operations will be conducted. Sustainment operations used in
  support of tactical deception seek to confirm the deception target’s perceptions as to where friendly forces
  will commit their main efforts.
  19-50. After the unit determines what variation of tactical deception it wants to use to enable its operation,
  the unit determines its observables. Observables are often made up of executions, which can include events,
  activities, or elements of information that must be seen or sensed by the target to form the desired perceptions.