text: Joint Task Force and Multinational Intelligence Considerations
  MULTINATIONAL INTELLIGENCE CONSIDERATIONS
  A-11. Multinational operations are common, making multinational intelligence operations very important.
  (See FM 3-16.) National interests require the United States to act with other nations. In many situations, U.S.
  forces join allied and partner forces to defeat common threats.
  Note. Both the ABCANZ Armies’ Program and ABCANZ standards enable greater understanding
  of the Army’s portion of multinational requirements and assist in identifying unique requirements
  that support the command. Access the All Partners Access Network (also known as APAN)
  website on NIPRNET for more information.
  A-12. The multinational force synchronizes its intelligence efforts with unified action partners to achieve
  unity of effort and meet the commander’s intent. Intelligence unity of effort is critical in accomplishing the
  mission. Unified action partners enable support and perspective to intelligence. Multinational and interagency
  partners provide expertise and unique perspectives that reinforce and complement Army intelligence
  capabilities. Unified action partners may have access to different capabilities, or they may have a capability
  with more capacity than the Army and joint forces’ capacity. Some partners may have unique policies,
  authorities, or access that provide intelligence opportunities not otherwise available to Army forces. Using
  appropriate procedures and established policy, multinational force intelligence leaders provide information
  and intelligence support to multinational forces.
  A-13. Intelligence leaders ensure the intelligence warfighting function operates effectively and efficiently.
  These leaders are the commander’s primary advisors on employing ISR and information collection assets.
  Multinational forces need to approach ISR as a unified effort. To drive ISR and information collection
  properly, intelligence leaders consider and leverage all capabilities provided by the multinational force.
  Additionally, intelligence analysts support their commanders with analysis and production of timely,
  relevant, accurate, and predictive assessments and products tailored to their commanders’ needs.
  INTEROPERABILITY
  A-14. Interoperability is the ability to act together coherently, effectively, and efficiently to achieve tactical,
  operational, and strategic objectives (JP 3-0). Table A-2 lists the levels of interoperability according to AR
  34-1. The foundation of interoperability spans the warfighting functions with human, procedural, and
  technical elements. Interoperability is often associated with technical issues; however, network and
  information technology systems are not the sole components. Human and procedural aspects are
  considerations in developing interoperability. The human element builds the basis of the mutual
  understanding and respect that is fundamental to unity of effort and operational success. The procedural
  element ensures that the Army achieves sufficient harmony in policies and doctrine enabling effective
  operations with other military unified action partners.
  Table A-2. Levels of interoperability
  Level 0 (not interoperable). Unified action partners (UAPs) have no demonstrated interoperability. Command and control (C2) interface
  with the Army is at the next higher echelon, and UAPs must operate independently from Army formations and operations.
  Level 1 (deconflicted). Army and UAPs coexist but do not interact. Interoperability requires an alignment of capabilities and procedures to
  establish operational norms, so UAPs and the Army complement each other’s operations.
  • Communication and information systems. The lead nation provides digital liaison support for network, services, and common operational
  picture (COP) interoperability to UAPs. (See note following this table.)
  • Information management. UAPs rely on manual information management and knowledge management processes. Information exchange
  processes and standardized products are undefined across the coalition. There exists a minimally acceptable information management policy
  and plan.
  • Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance and intelligence fusion. Military UAPs conduct intelligence sharing on an ad hoc basis and
  rely solely on a lead nation’s common intelligence picture (CIP).
  • Fires. Military UAPs use voice procedures for cross-nation boundaries and use only their national precision fires.
  • Sustainment. National support elements provide national logistics support only.
  Note. Nonmilitary UAPs coexist in the area of operations with the Army, and interoperability problems are largely solved by liaison officers to
  coordinate and exchange information at the UAP’s location. No formal agreements exist regarding the sharing of information or pattens of behavior
  upon which to build a relationship.