text: Appendix D
  Geographic Environments
  Teams are greatly affected by extreme climates and terrain such as jungles, deserts,
  mountains, extremely cold areas, and urban areas. Field manuals describe conditions
  and operational techniques for each. Extreme temperatures, humidity, and elevations
  also affect the lift capability of transporting aircraft.
  JUNGLE OPERATIONS
  D-1. Dense jungle restricts ground and air observation as well as electronic surveillance. None of these
  observation methods work well for collecting information on a dismounted surveillance target. Such a
  target leaves little evidence that it has passed. LRS teams have the dismounted skills, stealth, and
  communications needed to collect battlefield information under such conditions. (FM 90-5 provides more
  information on jungle operations.)
  INFILTRATION
  D-2. Dismounted, helicopter, and small boat insertion work well in jungle terrain. The limited
  availability of LZs could require the team to insert by rappelling or FRIES. Careful coordination with
  adjacent or friendly forward units is necessary for foot or boat movements to prevent fratricide.
  EXFILTRATION
  D-3. Teams may be recovered by all available means, but communication and coordination are key
  when operating in a jungle environment. Dismounted exfiltration routes must be coordinated before the
  teams use them. Linkup operations with friendly forces require careful and deliberate coordination to the
  lowest element possible (company or platoon). The SPIES is ideally suited for extraction of a team from
  dense vegetation.
  COMMUNICATIONS
  D-4. Dense vegetation, high humidity, and frequent rainfall make HF communications difficult. The
  vegetation affects radio ranges and makes setting up antennas more difficult. Also, radio components
  experience higher failure rates in wet environments. UHF TACSAT is best when there are holes in
  the canopy.
  DESERT OPERATIONS
  D-5. To survive in the desert, LRS teams must approach each task systematically so that it becomes a
  habit. Weather and terrain are the main enemies in any military operation. However, in the desert, these
  threats greatly increase (FM 90-3).
  OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
  D-6. Leaders must consider the following in planning LRS operations in a desert environment:
  Batteries
  D-7. Teams must test all batteries with a battery tester. The heat reduces battery life by one-third.
  Teams must not leave batteries on the ground. The sand and other elements will cause a rapid drain of
  power.
  Water
  D-8. Teams can conduct operations for only a few days without a resupply or cache of water. During
  the 24 hours before insertion, each Soldier must ensure he is fully hydrated. Each Soldier should carry a
  minimum of 11 quarts of water, which is how much water he must drink each day when moving. This is
  three 2-quart canteens plus one 5-quart bladder. Even when not moving, a Soldier in a desert environment
  requires 7 quarts of water a day.