text: Chapter 3
  • Have you negotiated multiple points of access/entry? What happens if a host nation denies country
  or movement clearance?
  • Has support to and from other Services, agencies, and allies been factored into the support plan and
  have the appropriate request/accounting processes been established?
  • Can the shaping activities be misunderstood (considered threatening) and cause threat forces to
  accelerate their plans?
  • Have the LCMCs and DLA coordinated with the industrial base to support potential surge
  requirements?
  3-41. Operations in a contested environment over extended lines of communication present risks to
  sustainment forces. These threats increase the likelihood of attacks at any point in the strategic framework.
  It is therefore necessary to continuously plan for and coordinate for protection resources and assets to mitigate
  effects of enemy attacks in support areas and maintain freedom of action.
  Disperse Deployment and Sustainment
  3-42. The theater Army executes deployment and sustainment along multiple dispersed routes. Army
  expeditionary forces deploy from the homeland and other regions using joint strategic transportation and
  arrive at multiple points in theater, proceed forward along multiple routes, and then occupy dispersed tactical
  assembly areas within range of enemy antiaccess and area denial systems. Aviation units employ split basing
  between the tactical and operational support areas, or in the case of division formations, between the tactical
  support and close areas. Aircraft and units rotate through a network of dispersed, austere locations in the
  tactical support and close areas. Sustainment draws on multiple sources for local procurement and
  prepositioned supplies, distributed through dispersed supply nodes operated by forward-presence units.
  Intensive sustainment-level maintenance of aviation, ground, and electronic combat systems, including battle
  damage assessment and repair, is conducted within the operational support area’s lower threat environment.
  The Army postures redundant sustainment infrastructure forward, plans and prepares precision logistics
  support, and ensures the availability of additional expeditionary capacity through proper balance across the
  Active and Reserve Components.
  Mitigate Effects of Enemy Attacks in The Support Areas
  3-43. The theater and field armies mitigate the effects of enemy attacks in the support areas to enable the
  reception of expeditionary forces executing strategic and operational maneuver. Forces in the support areas
  employ deception to cause the enemy to expend resources on decoys or targets that have moved, miss fleeting
  opportunities, or expend high-value capabilities on less important targets. APS are protected and hardened to
  allow the rapid integration of expeditionary forces and the generation of combat power. Army forces in the
  support areas build resilience and redundancy by dispersing critical deployment and sustainment capabilities
  in mixed clusters and gain residual protection from air and missile defense radars and launchers, aerial
  surveillance, and other specialized protection capabilities that they would otherwise not be allocated.
  3-44. Sustainment headquarters, including the TSC, ESC, and CSC, use dispersion and multiple command
  posts to mitigate the effects of enemy attack and maintain command and control of sustainment operations.
  The configuration of the TSC and ESC headquarters is determined by their ability to command forces across
  vast land areas while supporting Army forces. TSC and ESC commanders exercise command and control
  over widely dispersed formations while maintaining a common operational picture (COP) with higher
  headquarters and subordinate units. TSC, ESC, and CSC commanders vet the command and control
  capabilities of their organizations using command posts during exercises and training events. The
  commander, with the assistance of the staff, determines the communication capabilities required for each
  command post during dispersed operations. Key considerations for evaluating command and control
  capabilities include staff integration and crosstalk, communication systems, and the ability to maintain a
  COP.
  CONSIDERATIONS FOR SUSTAINMENT FUNCTIONS
  3-45. The paragraphs that follow discuss the key considerations for sustainers during competition by
  function.