text: Foundations of Fire Support and the Role of the Field Artillery
  Table 1-1 Fire Support considerations for the tenets of operations (continued)
  Tenet of operations Fire Support Considerations (not all inclusive)
  Depth is the extension of operations in time, space, or • Position assets forward to maximize range.
  purpose to achieve definitive results (ADP 3-0). While the • Develop HPTL with multiple categories (Sustain, C2,
  focus of endurance is friendly combat power, the focus of
  Protection), not just FS; update HPTL categories and
  depth is enemy locations and dispositions across all
  priorities IAW operational demands.
  domains. Commanders achieve depth by understanding the
  strengths and vulnerabilities of the enemy’s echeloned • Leverage collection assets from across multiple domains.
  capabilities and then attacking them throughout their • Allocate ISR/Collection to identify HPTs and inform
  dispositions simultaneously and sequentially. Although enemy SITEMP.
  simultaneous attacks through all domains in depth are not
  • Manage sensors and zones to aid in identifying enemy
  possible in every situation, leaders seek to expand their
  IFC.
  advantages and limit enemy opportunities for sanctuary and
  regeneration. Leaders describe the depth they can achieve • Plan for transitions as targeting objectives are met.
  in terms of operational reach. • Target systems (Sustainment, IFC, IADS) as opposed to
  formations.
  ACM – airspace coordinating measure, AGM – attack guidance matrix, C2 – command and control, FA – field artillery,
  FS – fire support, FSCM – fire support coordination measure, HPT – high-payoff target, HPTL – high-payoff target list,
  IAD – integrated air defense, IFC – integrated fires command, ISR – intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance,
  MCIS – mission command information systems, OE – operational environment, SITEMP – situation template,
  TSS – target selection standards
  IMPERATIVES OF OPERATIONS
  1-17. Imperatives are actions Army forces must take to defeat enemy forces and achieve objectives at an
  acceptable cost. They are informed by the OE and the characteristics of the most capable threats that Army
  forces can encounter. For more information on imperatives of operations see FM 3-0.
  1-18. Table 1-2 lists several FS considerations for the imperatives of operations.
  Table 1-2. Fire support considerations for the imperatives of operations
  Imperatives Fire support considerations (not all inclusive)
  See yourself, see the enemy, and understand the OE. • Understand the domains and dimensions through pre-
  Commanders visualize OEs in terms of factors that are mission analysis of the OE in conjunction with cultural
  relevant to decision making. OEs are dynamic and contain intelligence and civil information.
  vast amounts of information that can overload C2 systems
  • Conduct “artillerized” IPOE at echelon to determine how
  and impede decision making. Commanders simplify
  OE impacts friendly and enemy.
  information collection, analysis, and decision making by
  focusing on how they see themselves, see the enemy, and • Develop enemy SITEMP derived from OE impacts to
  understand the OE. These three categories of factors are enemy doctrine template.
  interrelated, and leaders must understand how each one • Utilize multiple domains for collection management.
  relates to the others in the current context.
  • Understand friendly combat power in relation to the
  threat.
  • Conduct systems analysis throughout targeting process.
  Account for being under constant observation and • Integrating threats across all domains and dimensions
  forms of enemy contact. Air, space, and cyberspace into planning considerations and execution of
  capabilities increase the likelihood that threat forces can operations.
  gain and maintain continuous visual and electromagnetic
  • Distributed and redundant C2 Nodes.
  contact with Army forces. Enemy forces possess a wide
  range of land-, maritime-, air-, and space-based intelligence, • Effective Primary-Alternate-Contingency-Emergency
  surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities that can (PACE) communications plans.
  detect U.S. forces. Leaders must assume they are under • Tailoring survivability move criteria and positioning
  constant observation from one or more domains and
  guidance to mitigate enemy observation capabilities.
  continuously ensure they are not providing lucrative targets
  for the enemy to attack. • Conduct “artillerized” IPOE at echelon to determine
  effects of terrain, line of sight, weather, and EW on
  friendly operations.
  • Use of natural or artificial cover and concealment when
  positioning units or C2 nodes.