text: Considerations to Achieve Unity of Effort
  local populace sees the promise of development as a viable alternative to violence to meet its needs. For
  example, while involved in reconstruction activities in Iraq and Afghanistan, the U.S. military was called
  upon to manage substantially increased levels of U.S. bilateral foreign assistance. This assistance included
  official development assistance funding traditionally managed by USAID. To use these resources
  effectively, commanders involved in reconstruction in operations focused on stability need to understand
  and apply basic reconstruction and development principles. Such principles have evolved by the
  development community through years of experience.
  3-117. USAID and the development community assist fragile states with finding solutions and resources
  to meet their requirements for sustained development and growth. To accomplish this, the development
  community relies on specific operating principles for stabilization, reconstruction, and development
  assistance. The principles have been tested through years of practical application and understanding the
  cultural and socioeconomic influences in the host nation. Understanding these generally accepted principles
  enables those involved in development, and in the development aspects of stabilization and reconstruction,
  to incorporate techniques and procedures effectively. Then those involved can help countries improve the
  economic and social conditions of the people.
  3-118. Development officials improve the likelihood of success by applying the principles of
  reconstruction and development. Timely and adequate emphasis on these principles increases the
  opportunity for immediate success or, at a minimum, provides a means to adapt to the changing conditions.
  Development assistance officials assume risk in their programs when these principles are violated or
  ignored.
  3-119. The nine principles of reconstruction and development formalize customary practices and
  operating procedures. The principles reflect key institutional principles that most aid agencies incorporate
  into the reconstruction framework. The principles are designed to ensure local ownership and sustainability
  of program results while building local capacity and thus eventual independence from outside assistance.
  They take advantage of the skills and resources others can bring to the effort by forging partnerships.
  Following these principles helps the host nation to adjust reconstruction and development activities to the
  dynamic political environment usually encountered in a violent conflict or post-conflict situation.
  COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
  3-120. Stability efforts require contributions from a variety of partners outside the United States and the
  U.S. Government, including military and police forces, NGOs, international organizations, host-nation
  organizations, news media, and businesses. Many have no formal relationship with Army units but are,
  nevertheless, instrumental in achieving the desired outcomes. Army units must interact effectively with
  these partners to exchange information and strive for unified action. This requires interorganizational
  coordination, such as—
  * Engaging with host-nation key leaders and the population.
  * Conducting multinational operations.
  * Building partner capacity.
  * Establishing mechanisms such as civil-military operations centers (CMOCs) to facilitate
  coordination.
  * Providing support to other partners, such as helping with the delivery of essential goods and
  services.
  3-121. Some partners, such as many NGOs, prefer not to be known as partners of Army forces. NGOs
  that maintain neutrality perform an important role in stabilization and reconstruction, and Army units
  should not compromise their neutrality.
  3-122. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (known as OCHA) coordinates
  activities among UN agencies, NGOs, and local partners. To facilitate this, fifteen global clusters have been
  created based on sectors of expertise. Global clusters and lead agencies are depicted in table 3-2 on
  page 3-20, and depending on the situation, a similar structure may exist at the country level.