text: Armies, Corps, and Divisions
  but they can involve multiple nations. Examples of joint operations and activities that fall under military
  engagement and security cooperation include—
  * Multinational training events and exercises.
  * Security assistance.
  * Joint combined exchange training.
  * Recovery operations.
  * Arms control.
  * Counterdrug activities.
  CRISIS RESPONSE OPERATIONS
  1-46. Crisis response operations are conducted in response to a regional or international crisis, and seek to
  prevent further conflict. They have an end state clearly defined and limited in scope. Corresponding
  limitations are imposed on the supporting operations and the size of the forces involved. These operations
  may be phased, but they are not intended to become campaigns. Although crisis response operations are
  confined in terms of end state and forces, their execution times may be lengthy. Theater armies are the Army
  echelon generally responsible for commanding and controlling these operations, and additional forces are
  assigned to them as required. Commanders conducting crisis response operations should carefully consider
  all their actions to ensure that they do not further destabilize or inadvertently escalate the situation. Examples
  of joint operations and activities that fall under crisis response operations are—
  * Noncombatant evacuation operations.
  * Foreign humanitarian assistance and disaster relief.
  * Show of force.
  * Strike.
  * Raid.
  * Sanction enforcement.
  * Reduction of weapons of mass destruction.
  LIMITED CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS
  1-47. Army forces in limited contingency operations strive to create security conditions conducive to a
  desired political outcome, primarily through stability operations. Army forces use their offensive and
  defensive capabilities to deter external and internal adversaries from overt actions against each other.
  Establishing security and control enables civilian agencies to address the underlying causes of the crisis.
  Army forces provide specialized support to other government agencies as necessary. Examples of joint
  operations and activities that fall under limited contingency operations are—
  * Irregular warfare operations.
  * Stability operations.
  * Peacekeeping operations.
  * Counterinsurgency operations.
  * Foreign internal defense.
  * Security force assistance operations.
  LARGE-SCALE COMBAT OPERATIONS
  1-48. Large-scale combat operations occur in circumstances usually associated with state-on-state conflict,
  formally declared or otherwise. Combat between large formations operating in all domains characterizes
  these operations. Large-scale combat operations usually occur within the framework of a larger joint
  campaign with an Army headquarters forming the base of a joint force headquarters. These operations
  typically entail high tempo, high resource consumption, and high casualty rates.
  1-49. Large-scale combat operations often include combat between both uniformed armed forces of nation
  states and between irregular forces supported by both sides. In these instances, conventional and
  unconventional forces will conduct operations in close proximity to each other. This proximity requires