text: Chapter 1
  FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
  1-14. Fundamental principles are basic rules or assumptions of central importance that guide how cyberspace
  and EW professionals’ approach and conduct cyberspace operations and EW. These fundamental principles
  are—
  * Operational focus.
  * Adaptability and versatility.
  * Global reach.
  OPERATIONAL FOCUS
  1-15. Cyberspace and EW forces execute missions in support of a commander’s overarching operational
  design. When properly integrated and synchronized as part of a combined arms approach, cyberspace and EW
  capabilities can produce layered dilemmas for the adversary in multiple domains and enhance relative combat
  power. To accomplish this, cyberspace and EW staff must collaborate across all warfighting functions.
  ADAPTABILITY AND VERSATILITY
  1-16. Cyberspace and EW forces conduct operations using capabilities that are adaptable to a variety of
  mission requirements. Cyberspace and EW capabilities vary in both the size of the force employed and the
  magnitude or scope of effects created. Depending on mission requirements, cyberspace and EW capabilities
  may be used as primary or supporting efforts for decisive, shaping or sustaining operations.
  GLOBAL REACH
  1-17. The nature of the cyberspace domain increases the operational reach of cyberspace and EW forces.
  Combat mission force(s) and EW professionals deliver strategic, operational, or tactical effects worldwide from
  remote, co-located, or forward operating positions.
  SECTION II – OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
  1-18. An operational environment is a composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect
  the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander (JP 3-0). Conditions in cyberspace
  and the EMS often change rapidly and can positively or negatively impact a commander’s ability to achieve
  mission objectives. Friendly, neutral, adversary, and enemy actions in cyberspace and the EMS can create near-
  instantaneous effects on the battlefield or in garrison. Given the global nature of cyberspace and the EMS, these
  actions can impact a commander’s OE even though the actions may originate or terminate beyond that OE.
  Cyberspace and EW effects also cross through and impact multiple domains simultaneously. For these reasons,
  commanders must gain and maintain an in-depth understanding of the OE that extends beyond the land domain
  to the multi-domain extended battlefield to seize, exploit, and retain operational initiative.
  1-19. Operational initiative is the setting of tempo and terms of action throughout an operation (ADP 3-0).
  By gaining and maintaining positions of relative advantage, including information advantage in and through
  cyberspace and the EMS, commanders can seize and retain the operational initiative. To gain and maintain
  information advantage, commanders must account for the temporal nature of information and the temporary
  nature of many cyberspace and EW effects. On average, the relative operational advantage that a commander
  can gain from a piece of information or from a cyberspace or EW effect degrades over time. This means that a
  commander who takes action first, on average, will obtain a greater information advantage from a similar piece
  of information or effect than a commander who acts later. In this way, the commander who can sense,
  understand, decide, act, and assess faster than an opponent will generally obtain the greatest information
  advantage.
  1-20. Commanders can use cyberspace and EW capabilities to gain enhanced situational awareness and
  understanding of the enemy through reconnaissance and sensing activities. These reconnaissance and sensing
  activities can augment and enhance the understanding a commander gains from information collection and
  intelligence processes. Commanders can also use cyberspace and EW capabilities to decide and act faster than
  an adversary or enemy. By protecting friendly information systems and signals from disruption or exploitation