text: Chapter 8
  its language, and provide cultural tips for developing a good rapport with HN personnel. The course should
  also include protection training for troops working with HN forces. US trainees must become familiar with
  the HN organization and equipment, especially weapons not in the US inventory. This training must
  emphasize the following:
  • Sustaining training and reinforcing individual and team skills.
  • Using the smallest possible student-to-instructor ratio.
  • Developing HN trainers.
  • Training to standards—not to time.
  • Providing immediate feedback and using after-action reviews.
  • Respecting the HN culture, but learning to distinguish between cultural practices and excuses.
  • Learning the HN language.
  • Working with interpreters.
  Establish Standards
  8-55. The Host Nation unit and trainers must establish clear measures for evaluating the training
  of individuals, leaders, and units. Insurgent strategies and their corresponding responses from targeted
  governments vary widely. COIN operations require many of the same individual and collective skills
  performed in conventional military operations, but also include additional requirements for COIN. Small
  units execute most COIN operations; therefore, effective COIN forces require strong junior leaders.
  Soldiers and Marines know how to evaluate military training. Metrics for evaluating units should include
  subjective measures, such as loyalty to the HN government, as well as competence in military tasks.
  However, the acceptance of values, such as ethnic equality or the rejection of corruption, is far more
  difficult than evaluating task performance.
  Soldiers and Police
  8-56. Security force members must be developed through a systematic training program. The program
  first builds their basic skills, then teaches them to work together as a team, and finally allows them
  to function as a unit. Basic military training should focus first on Soldier skills, such as first aid,
  marksmanship, and fire discipline. Leaders must be trained in planning tactics, including patrolling, urban
  operations, or other skills necessary. Everyone must master the rules of engagement and the law of armed
  conflict. Required skills include the following:
  • Conduct basic intelligence functions.
  • Manage their security.
  • Coordinate indirect fires.
  • Conduct logistic (planning, maintenance, sustainment, and movement) operations.
  • Provide for effective medical support.
  • Provide effective personnel management.
  Advisor Teams
  8-57. Advisor teams are generally responsible for initial Host Nation unit training and then provide
  oversight as the Host Nation units implement their own training plan. Leader and ethics training should be
  integrated into all aspects of training.
  Partner Units
  8-58. Partner units play an important role in advising. Advisors cannot go out with every Host Nation
  operation, but, as almost all operations in COIN are combined, a partner unit can effectively advise a Host
  Nation unit. Partner units can be most effective at advising Host Nation units in the planning process,
  especially MDMP. The MDMP model may need to be modified to suit the HN security force. Staff
  sections should work closely with their HN peers as part of the planning process.