text: Appendix B
  Rules of Engagement and United States Code
  This appendix discusses the basic principles and laws (rules of engagement) that
  govern (or authorize) how commanders, leaders, and personnel conduct cyberspace
  operations and electromagnetic warfare. The United States Constitution establishes the
  authority of the President as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces and gives
  authority for Congress to fund and regulate the Armed Forces. The President, as
  Commander in Chief, commands the missions of the Armed Forces and, according to
  the laws passed by Congress, administers the Armed Forces.
  INTRODUCTION
  B-1. Army commanders conduct cyberspace operations and EW when directed by the orders of the
  President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, and combatant commander(s) designated to perform
  operations on behalf of the President. These orders fall under the President’s authority from Article II, United
  States Constitution, the Bill of Rights, other executive order(s), presidential policy, DOD and Department of
  the Army regulations, United States treaty obligations, and other laws (including funding appropriations)
  passed by Congress.
  B-2. Within this legal framework, Army forces conduct cyberspace and EW operations as authorized
  through executive orders, OPORDs; ROEs; and the policies directed by the Secretary of Defense and the
  CCDRs. Army forces conduct cyberspace operations and EW as part of the joint force. USCYBERCOM has
  overall responsibility for overseeing DOD cyberspace operations.
  RULES OF ENGAGEMENT
  B-3. Commanders, leaders, and personnel must understand and apply the basic principles of the law of
  armed conflict, rules of engagement, general restrictions, precautions in attack, separation of military
  activities, special protections, national sovereignty, and environmental considerations as they relate to
  international law. The law of armed conflict is that part of international law that regulates armed hostilities,
  which rests on fundamental principles of military necessity, humanity, proportionality, distinction, and honor,
  all of which apply to how Army forces conduct cyberspace operations and EW.
  B-4. Rules of engagement are directives issued by a competent military authority that delineate the
  circumstances and limitations under which U.S. forces will initiate or continue combat engagement with
  other forces encountered. Rules of engagement is how the operational commanders regulate armed forces in
  the context of applicable political and military policy and domestic and international law. Rules of
  engagement provides a framework that encompasses national policy goals, mission requirements, and the
  rule of law. Operational commanders make all cyberspace operations and EW-related decisions considering
  applicable rules of engagement.
  B-5. Targeting generally restricted areas, civilian populations, and civilian or protected objects are typically
  not intentional unless they become threat actors that participate or take a direct part in combat, singularly or
  as a group. In such cases, these entities lose their protection against direct attack. If the enemy uses civilians
  as human shields, provided they are not directly involved in hostilities, the civilians are still neutral actors.
  Commanders must consider civilians used as human shields when determining the level of excessiveness
  used during a planned attack. The commander ensures to take feasible precautions to reduce the risk of harm
  to civilians. Normally targeting civilian actors is not accepted; however, IO will conduct target-actor analysis
  and direct the application of information-related capabilities to include cyberspace operations and EW effects