text: Introduction
  In an era of strategic competition there are times where security cooperation (SC) may become the primary effort
  by strategic necessity—both to deter our adversaries prior to conflict, and to strengthen our allies and partners
  before and during large-scale combat operations. Security cooperation is now more important than ever.
  Competitors at every level are leveraging trends in science, technology, and the information environment to
  challenge the United States and its allies and partners across the globe. The Army is adapting the way it organizes,
  trains, educates, and equips itself to fight these future threats structured around the multidomain operations
  concept, but the U.S. Army cannot do this without the assistance of allies and partners.
  The SC enterprise is the primary means to strengthen our alliances and partnerships by building partner capability
  and capacity and enabling interoperability. Going forward, the Army must expand the competitive space through
  activities that apply our capabilities or posture our forces in collaboration and coordination with allies and partners
  to achieve U.S. policy objectives while deterring escalation to armed conflict. SC is comprised of activities that
  support Army operations across the continuum. The entire SC enterprise must be optimized to assess, build, and
  leverage the capacity and capability of allies and partners while enabling and enhancing interoperability. This
  provides options to the joint force commander across the competition continuum. SC activities contribute
  significantly to obtaining information advantage through presence and access to partners.
  FM 3-22 provides the conceptual framework for Army support to combatant command campaign plan and theater
  army campaign support plan objectives. It focuses on security force assistance assessment, planning, preparation,
  and execution. Moreover, it provides the doctrinal guidance and direction for how the Army assesses, organizes,
  trains, equips, builds/rebuilds, advises, supports, and liaises with foreign security forces (FSF). The Army has a
  long history of conducting activities such as these. For over 100 years, providing security force assistance to
  partner security forces has been the rule, not the exception for the Army.
  FM 3-22 contains four chapters:
  Chapter 1 begins by defining security cooperation. Next, it discusses the purpose of security cooperation, the
  types of security cooperation programs and activities, and the Army’s role in security cooperation. Then, the
  chapter discusses security cooperation planning and organizations. Finally, the chapter discusses security
  cooperation operational and strategic risk mitigation.
  Chapter 2 discusses security force assistance (SFA). First, it describes security force assistance functional
  considerations for achieving SFA goals and objectives. Next, the chapter discusses building partner capability
  and capacity and enabling and enhancing interoperability. Then the chapter discusses access, presence, influence,
  and partner force functions and process structure. After that, the chapter discusses SFA assessment activities,
  developmental activities, and planning considerations. Finally, the chapter discusses SFA advisor forces, roles,
  and advising considerations.
  Chapter 3 describes SC in the competition continuum. First, it provides an overview of the competition continuum
  and SC in competition below armed conflict. Next, it discusses preparing FSF for combat across the range of
  military operations and how the Army conducts it to set the theater for multidomain and multinational operations
  in competition. Then it discusses the transition to crisis or armed conflict, provides an overview of SC in crisis
  and the activities at echelon during crisis. After that, the chapter discusses the transition to competition or armed
  conflict, an overview of SC in armed conflict, and the transition back to competition and post-conflict
  stabilization. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion on SC during post-conflict.
  Chapter 4 discusses legal considerations for SC. First it describes the general legal foundation for military actions
  and the legal authority for SC. Next, it discusses key SC funding programs and authorities. Finally, it discusses
  special foreign assistance authorities.