text: Civil Affairs Branch Overview
  CONDUCT CIVIL RECONNAISSANCE
  1-24. CA forces conduct CR across time and space in response to specific information requirements of the OE.
  This enhances the situational understanding and decision making of the supported commanders. CR is a
  targeted, planned, and coordinated observation and evaluation of specific civil factors in the OE. CR strives to
  consider the human, physical, and information dimensions of the OE. CR is conducted systematically over
  time to observe certain civil factors through the use of—
  * Routine engagement.
  * Patterned civil observance.
  * Active, passive, and virtual sensors.
  * Unmanned mobility systems.
  * Other means to support assessments, measures of performance, and measures of effectiveness.
  1-25. CR is executed throughout all CA core competencies. This is necessary for CA to effectively fulfill its
  roles of—
  * Engaging and leveraging the civil component of the OE while enhancing, enabling, or providing
  governance.
  * Providing input to the commander’s information requirements.
  CONDUCT CIVIL ENGAGEMENT
  1-26. CA forces conduct deliberate or spontaneous CE with individuals or entities. CE is more effective when
  there is continuity between different CA elements and USG entities in the same AO. CE is critical to CNDE
  because the civil information and data collected during CE is analyzed, converted into civil knowledge, and
  integrated into the CNDE processes. CE is designed to—
  * Establish or build relationships.
  * Understand, promote, or enhance capability.
  * Understand and create stability.
  * Gather, confirm, or deny information related to subversive efforts and threats within the civil
  component.
  * Foster legitimacy or promote cooperation and unified action.
  1-27. CE, as an investment of resources, provides access to the individuals and groups that can be leveraged
  to support military operations. As an investment of resources, it also reduces the need to apply military resources
  against problem sets that belong to local, provincial, or national civil authorities. CE is executed throughout all
  CA core competencies. It is also necessary for CA forces to effectively fulfill their role of engaging and
  leveraging the civil component of the OE while enhancing, enabling, or providing governance.
  CONDUCT CIVIL NETWORK DEVELOPMENT
  1-28. Civil network development is the planned and targeted action in which Civil Affairs forces develop
  networks within the civil component of the operational environment to influence populations and manage
  local resources in order to extend the operational reach, consolidate gains, and achieve military objectives.
  1-29. CND enhances the commander’s understanding of the civil component and legitimizes the U.S.
  mission. The most effective means of conducting CND is in person. Other means of conducting CND are
  acceptable depending on the authorities and the permissions granted. CA forces conduct CND to promote the
  relationship between military forces and the civil component and to develop partner civil networks. CND is
  primarily actioned under the core competency of CNDE, but is integral to TG and CMI, through enabling
  CA forces to fulfill their role of engaging and leveraging the civil component of the OE while enhancing,
  enabling, or providing governance.
  CONDUCT CIVIL INFORMATION EVALUATION
  1-30. CA forces identify civil information requirements as part of a commander’s information collection
  requirements. CA forces conduct CND, CR, CE, and data mining; they also collaborate with IPI,