text: Foundations of Insurgency
  Table 2-1. Insurgent strengths and countermeasures (continued).
  21 April 2009 FM 3-24.2 2-25
  EGDELWONK
  Since most insurgents are indigenous, their knowledge The counterinsurgent force must overcome the
  of the local populace, customs, issues, language insurgent’s advantage of local knowledge by
  and terrain are first hand. The insurgents use this fostering a strong relationship with government
  understanding to develop working relationships with the security forces, other counterinsurgent forces,
  populace. The insurgent can apply this knowledge to the and the populace. If possible, counterinsurgent
  effective use of propaganda. If insurgents can get some forces should include members of the local
  of the local populace to identify to some degree with their populace and reside within the local area.
  cause, they can win their support and gain new recruits. If Maintaining continuous counterinsurgent operations
  insurgents cannot persuade locals to help or refrain from in a given area through a permanently stationed
  hindering, they may resort to coercion. counterinsurgent force is important. The skillful use
  of local assets or creating a local civilian defense
  force that has the support and backing of the
  government are some ways to accomplish this.
  ECNEGILLETNI SNOITAREPO
  The insurgent’s inherent advantage with the population The counterinsurgent force must place
  normally allows them to develop intelligence networks counterintelligence operations, intelligence
  and infrastructure within the government and population. collecting, and intelligence analyses as a high
  These networks can provide insurgents with continuous priority. The use of compartmentalization, deception,
  and current information on government or counterinsurgent operations security, and communications security
  force dispositions, strengths, weaknesses, and capabilities must be constantly emphasized. Since insurgents
  are indigenous, their intelligence networks
  and infrastructures can be infiltrated to gather
  intelligence and turn insurgent operatives into
  double agents.
  NOITAVITOM
  Some insurgents may be devoted to their cause to the The counterinsurgent force must therefore promote
  point of fanaticism. On the other hand, insurgents who wish the belief that remaining an insurgent leads only
  to abandon the movement face major challenges. their to death and defeat while at the same time creating
  ability to cease being an insurgent is difficult. The a viable method for “former” insurgents to return
  government and the local populace may not welcome them to normal life. Host government reintegration,
  back, and the remaining insurgents will view them as a reconciliation, and amnesty programs remain the
  turncoat and threat. Motivation within the insurgency important elements of this success.
  is usually kept high through intimidation and threats
  of violence on them and their families.
  DESUCOF
  YTILIBISNOPSER
  Insurgents do not have the responsibility to maintain Counterinsurgent forces can use the insurgent’s
  normal governmental obligations toward society. This frees lack of provisions for the society, as a tool
  their efforts to conduct focused operations in support to increase government support
  of their goals. However, they often provide some aid of counterinsurgent operations and to decrease
  and services to the local community, especially where populace’s insurgent support. In addition, they
  government services fall short and they highly advertise can show that the insurgents have acted
  this fact. irresponsibly. Increasing the HN governments
  ability to provide services to the population may
  marginalize insurgent efforts.
  TNEGRUSNI
  SCITCAT
  The insurgent can use a broad range of tactics, from The counterinsurgents must remain flexible
  conventional warfare to terrorism. They can escalate and adaptive to engage and, if possible, disband,
  or deescalate their activity in reaction to government defeat or destroy the insurgent force while at the
  or counterinsurgent activity almost at will. same time preventing the insurgent force from
  having tactical successes. They must also learn
  and adapt quickly.
  GNIRUDNE PIHSDRAH
  Insurgent Strengths Countermeasures
  Insurgents often come from impoverished backgrounds, The counterinsurgent force must therefore
  are young, and are in good shape. They can make do with establish controls and eliminate resource support.
  less by both design and background. Successful Tight security and control on arms
  insurgents are innovative in their tactics, techniques and ammunition must be maintained, to include
  and procedures. They learn and adapt to changes in the thorough destruction of unused, abandoned,
  operational environment. discarded equipment. Hardships are still
  hardships, and the harder life is for the insurgent,
  the more likely they are to quit.
  VULNERABILITIES
  2-119. The vulnerabilities of insurgents also provide a base for analysis. To gain the advantage over the
  insurgent and enhance effectiveness, these weaknesses must be targeted and exploited. Table 2-2 displays