text: Chapter 9
  Figure 9-5. Example forward defense
  9-35. Commanders may choose to conduct a forward defense when—
  * The best defensive positions, natural obstacles, and natural engagement areas are located along
  the FEBA.
  * Cover and concealment in the rear portion of their assigned areas are limited.
  * The higher commander directs them to retain forward terrain.
  * The terrain in the assigned area does not support a mobile defense.
  * The enemy has superior mobility.
  Positioning the Reserve
  9-36. Defending units have the ability to seize the initiative by counterattacking over familiar ground to
  destroy halted or disorganized enemy forces. Their reserve is a key component of these counterattacks.
  Defending units protect their counterattacking forces by employing overwatching fires from friendly
  positions. Commanders direct counterattacks against an enemy force’s exposed rear or flanks whenever
  possible.
  9-37. Units expend significant effort during the planning process to ensure the effective use of their reserves.
  They may locate their reserves within their assigned areas where those reserves can employ existing road
  networks. Those road networks allow the rapid displacement of these reserves throughout their assigned areas
  in response to different opportunities or contingencies. Commanders have more flexibility and can take
  greater risk in employing their reserves if their higher echelon headquarters has not committed its reserve.
  See Chapter 1 for more information on general considerations for positioning the reserve.
  SPOILING ATTACKS AND COUNTERATTACKS
  9-38. Units do not wait for the enemy to initiate an attack when developing their defensive plans. They seek
  opportunities to conduct spoiling attacks and counterattacks against enemy forces. Units execute spoiling
  attacks and local counterattacks to disrupt the enemy’s attack preparations and buy time and maneuver space