text: Chapter 6
  * Enforce obedience from the inhabitants of the occupied territory as may be necessary for the
  security of occupation forces, the maintenance of law of and order, and for the proper
  administration of the country;
  * Restrict freedom of movement and control means of transportation within the occupied territory;
  * Suspend, repeal, or change municipal law applicable to occupied territory; and
  * Control property in occupied territory or control private businesses in order to address the needs
  of the occupied territory.
  MILITARY OCCUPATION AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
  6-7. In general, the LOAC rules that are not specific to military occupation continue to apply to situations
  that are addressed by those rules that may arise during occupation. For example, the rules regarding the
  humane treatment of detainees apply to detention operations during occupation. The fact of occupation
  triggers the application of additional LOAC rules specific to occupation (see DOD Law of War Manual,
  11.1.2.1). There are three primary treaty sources to which the United States is a party that address military
  occupation.
  6-8. Articles 42 through 56 of the HR address military occupation. Although in some cases the HR would
  not be applicable as a matter of treaty law because belligerent States might not be parties, many of the
  provisions of Articles 42 through 56 reflect customary international law.
  6-9. The 1949 Geneva Conventions apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a High
  Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance. Articles 47 through 78 of the
  GC specifically addresses occupied territories. Other provisions of the GC also apply to occupied territory,
  such as articles 27 through 34 of the GC contain provisions common to the home territories of parties to an
  armed conflict and occupied territories.
  6-10. The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict
  (1954 Hague) applies to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a High Contracting Party,
  even if the said occupation meets no armed resistance. The 1954 Hague and the Regulations for the Execution
  of the 1954 Hague have provisions that expressly address occupation. When the 1954 Hague and the GC are
  both applicable, the 1954 Hague provisions supplement the GC provisions (1954 Hague art. 36). The
  applicable provisions of the GC and 1954 Hague supplement the HR provisions regarding occupation (see
  GC art. 154; 1954 Hague art. 36).
  WHEN MILITARY OCCUPATION LAW APPLIES
  6-11. The law of military occupation applies in international armed conflict and also in all cases of partial or
  total occupation of a country’s territory, even if the occupation meets with no armed resistance (HR art. 2;
  GC art. 2). Whether military occupation law applies is a question of fact. Even if the requirements of the law
  of military occupation doe no apply as a matter of law, general LOAC principles and rules will continue to
  apply (see DOD Law of War Manual, 11.2).
  PREREQUISITES AND SCOPE OF MILITARY OCCUPATION
  6-12. Whether a situation qualifies as an occupation is a question of fact under LOAC. Under Article 42 of
  the 1907 Hague Regulations, “Territory is considered occupied when it is actually placed under the authority
  of a hostile army. The occupation extends only to the territory where such authority has been established and
  can be exercised.” Military occupation:
  * Must be actual and effective; that is, the organized resistance must have been overcome, and the
  Occupying Power must have taken measures to establish its authority;
  * Requires the suspension of the territorial State’s authority and the substitution of the Occupying
  Power’s authority; and
  * Occurs when there is a hostile relationship between the State of the invading force and the State
  of the occupied territory.