text: Cyberspace Considerations During Multinational Operations
  information with operations security considerations. Strategic-level planning to include nongovernmental
  organizations into multinational operations often requires coordination with cyberspace defense.
  SOVEREIGNTY
  12-15. Each nation has sovereignty over cyberspace components within its geographic area. The use of a
  nation’s cyberspace requires coordination and negotiation through formal approvals and certifications.
  Additionally, coordination seeks to develop an interoperable cyberspace defense capability. Considerations
  for coordination are given to adjacent countries, particularly if forces stage, train, or operate within these
  countries. Likewise, compatibility of protective measures, such as countermeasures, is essential to avoid
  system fratricide that degrades protection for all.
  MULTINATIONAL INTEGRATION
  12-16. Multinational forces coordinate and integrate cyberspace operations to achieve unity of effort. The
  commander of the multinational force integrates cyberspace capabilities and effects from different nations to
  achieve the desired end state. The multinational staff understands the capabilities and limits of cyberspace
  resources used by other nations in the multinational force and incorporate them into the plan. Shared
  education, training, experience, and capabilities increase the multinational force’s ability to protect combined
  cyberspace assets and mitigate capability gaps in any single nation’s cyberspace capacity.
  PROTECTING HOST-NATION INFRASTRUCTURE
  12-17. Multinational forces coordinate to protect the host-nation infrastructure. Host-nation organic
  cyberspace infrastructure presents a significant attack surface for threat cyberspace attacks aimed at
  disrupting key civil activities, such as transportation, power generation, banking, and media. For example, a
  cyberspace attack may attempt to disrupt rail transportation necessary to evacuate noncombatants from a
  potential conflict zone. Some nations’ cyberspace defense capabilities may not be adequate to defeat these
  attacks. Multinational forces coordinate to set the conditions to protect the host-nation infrastructure through
  surveys prior to conflict, identifying vulnerabilities and potential targets. Interagency and industry
  partnerships coordinate the expedited acquisition and implementation of cyberspace defense capabilities and
  measures. When multinational forces augment host-nation cyberspace defense, cyberspace professionals
  ensure their activities and operations comply with the law of armed conflict, treaties or international
  agreements, domestic laws and policies, and applicable host-nation laws. Coordinating multinational forces
  and partner efforts protects the host nation’s ability to continue necessary civil functions if the situation
  crosses the threshold into crisis or armed conflict.
  UNDERSTANDING CYBERSPACE CAPABILITIES
  12-18. Multinational forces coordination relies on commanders understanding cyberspace capabilities.
  Multinational force commanders at all echelons understand the defensive and offensive capabilities that
  cyberspace operations contribute to multinational operations, the risks associated with not understanding
  cyberspace capabilities, and the impact to operations when friendly forces are denied the use of cyberspace
  capabilities. Cyberspace operations bring essential capabilities with unique tools to influence, enable, and
  enhance all mission areas. Unit commanders clearly understand available cyberspace capabilities that
  contribute to operations and how best to use those capabilities. (Refer to FM 3-12 for more information about
  defensive and offensive cyberspace capabilities.)
  CYBERSECURITY AND CYBERSPACE DEFENSE
  12-19. Multinational forces coordinate when preparing cybersecurity and cyberspace defense. It is critical
  that commanders and staffs identify and plan for the security and defense of mission-critical capabilities and
  key cyberspace terrain. Key terrain corresponds to nodes, links, processes, or assets in cyberspace, whether
  part of the physical, logical, or cyber-persona layer. (Refer to FM 3-12 for more information about key terrain
  in cyberspace.) Key terrain in cyberspace may include—
  • Locations in cyberspace where information and intelligence can be collected.
  • Locations in cyberspace that support network connectivity.
  • Entry points to friendly networks that require priorities for defense.
  • Locations in cyberspace that friendly forces require access for essential functions or capabilities.