text: Security Force Assistance
  (MOEs) help determine if a task is achieving its intended results. MOPs and MOEs are simply indicators,
  and do not represent the assessment itself.
  2-46. MOPs are indicators used to assess friendly actions that are tied to measuring task accomplishment
  (JP 5-0). MOPs answer questions such as “Was the action taken?” or “Were the tasks completed to standard?”
  In SFA, MOPs focus on the partner FSF, and can help determine if the tasks are being done correctly.
  2-47. MOEs are indicators that help measure a current system state with change indicated by comparing
  multiple observations over time to gauge the achievement of objectives and attainment of end states (JP 5-0).
  MOEs help the SFA planner and practitioner determine if the partner FSF is “doing the right things,” to create
  the effects or changes in the conditions that achieve U.S. objectives and what was the “return on investment.”
  By determining the relative return on investment, SFA planners can help determine how resources might be
  better allocated and expended across the plan. In this regard, this aspect can be especially useful in identifying
  how resources could be redistributed to mitigate the most serious risks associated with plan shortfalls.
  2-48. MOEs help measure changes in conditions, both positive and negative. MOEs are commonly found
  and tracked in formal assessment plans. SFA planners and practitioners use MOEs in execution matrices and
  estimates to track completed SFA developmental activities to help inform the formal assessment.
  2-49. Assessments must be integrated into the planning and executing phases of SFA. While planning is a
  top-down process, assessments are conducted bottom-up.
  ASSESSMENT INTERACTION
  2-50. It is essential for SFA planners and practitioners to work together during the planning phase to ensure
  the right MOEs and MOPs are assigned to developmental activities. Ideally, these indicators will reflect the
  desired effects that the activities are designed to accomplish, and ultimately enable the achievement of larger
  strategic objectives and end states. Figure 2-3 on page 2-12, from DA Pam 11-31 provides a useful depiction
  of the assessment interaction framework.
  Figure 2-3. Assessment interaction
  SFA ASSESSMENT CONSIDERATIONS
  2-51. There is a cultural dimension to assessing a partner FSF. When measuring the effectiveness of a partner
  security force, it is imperative for the SFA planner and practitioner to remain aware of the cultural divisions
  separating USG standards and the cultural norms of a host nation. Failure to consider these cultural