text: Chapter 2
  Enhancing understanding of U.S. operations and desired outcomes.
  
  Changing perceptions, attitudes, and, ultimately, behaviors.
  
  2-10. The IRCs that are most often synchronized to achieve a stabilize orientation in the information
  environment include, but are not limited to:
  * Combat camera.
  * MISO.
  * Presence, posture and profile.
  * Public affairs.
  * Civil affairs operations and civil military operations.
  * SLE, including police engagement.
  * OPSEC.
  * Foreign disclosure.
  IO AND DEFENSE SUPPORT OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES
  2-11. IO does not participate in defense support of civil authorities. However, if requested by civil authorities
  and approved by the Secretary of Defense, select IRCs may support civil authorities in the conduct of their
  operations.
  IO ENABLING ACTIVITIES
  2-12. To support decisive action, as well as accomplish IO’s purpose, commanders, staffs, and in particular,
  the IO officer or representative, undertake and accomplish three enabling activities:
  * Analyze and depict the information environment in all its complexity.
  * Determine the array of IRCs and IO organizations (such as Theater IO Groups) available to affect
  the information environment and the advantages each offers.
  * Optimize the effects of IRCs through effective planning, preparation, execution, and assessment.
  ANALYZE AND DEPICT THE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT
  2-13. To achieve advantage in the information environment, commanders, with specialized advice and
  support from the IO officer, ensure that IO planning is fully integrated into the operations process. This begins
  with analysis to understand, visualize, and describe the information environment.
  2-14. A significant part of what makes the operational environment complex is the information environment
  because it includes such components as cyberspace, the electromagnetic spectrum, data flow, encryption and
  decryption, the media, biases, perceptions, decisions, key leaders and decision makers, among many others.
  What occurs in the physical dimension of the information environment and, more broadly, the operational
  environment, always has second- and third-order effects in the informational and cognitive dimensions of the
  information environment. Thus, there must be holistic and nuanced understanding of how these various
  components and dimensions interrelate and the whole operates.
  2-15. This understanding is depicted through a series of information overlays and comprehensive combined
  information overlays, which vary depending on commanders’ priorities, the nature of the operation, and the
  type of analysis being conducted. Modeling or mapping social or human networks also enhances this
  understanding. While complex, the information environment still needs to be captured in a way that the
  commander can visualize and understand it, draw necessary insights and conclusions, and make informed
  decisions. The IO officer should not be locked into any specific method for analyzing and depicting the
  information environment but develop a process and overlays that best serve the commander and, as
  appropriate, follow unit standard operating procedures. As new technologies and interactive capabilities
  emerge, they should be incorporated as tools to facilitate the visualization and understanding processes.