text: Chapter 4
  sites and key social infrastructure sites. The more detailed the board, the more accurate and meaningful the
  modeling will be.
  4-101. As operations unfold and more intelligence is gathered, the planners should update the rules
  of behavior and capabilities for each group. As the knowledge of the individual groups and the system as a
  whole is improved, the planners will be able to identify how to more effectively influence the system. This
  planning tool does not stop when the operation order is issued. Modeling is an effective way
  of understanding the counterinsurgency system and ongoing operations.
  Step 5: COA Comparison
  4-102. Staffs analyze and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each COA, as well as identifying
  the one with the highest probability of success against the most likely enemy COA. Additional COIN
  evaluation considerations may include—
  • Effect on or role of the HN government.
  • Effect on or role of the HN security forces.
  • Effect on groups of the population.
  • Impact on information engagement.
  Step 6: COA Approval
  4-103. Either after participating in the COA comparison process or upon receipt of a COA recommended
  decision, the commander makes a COA decision by approving a COA to execute.
  Step 7: Orders Production
  4-104. Units in COIN operations issue a warning order or WARNORD, and, after the commander selects
  a COA, issue a written operation order. However, additional time for orders production may be needed if
  the order must be translated into another language. To ensure nothing is lost in the translation, and ensure
  success in multinational operations, the staff must keep orders and rehearsals simple.
  TROOP-LEADING PROCEDURES
  4-105. Troop-leading procedures (TLPs) give small-unit leaders a dynamic framework for analyzing,
  planning, and preparing for an operation.
  4-106. TLPs in a COIN environment differ little from those described in FM 5-0. The next sections will
  provide a brief description of the eight steps along with some additional considerations for COIN
  operations. Figure 4-5 shows addition COIN considerations during TLPs.
  Figure 4-5. TLPs in COIN.