text: Chapter 2
  2-38. Table 2-6 lists several operational aspects and intelligence, threat, and other OE considerations
  associated with the cyberspace domain.
  Table 2-6. Cyberspace domain operational aspects and intelligence and other considerations
  Cyberspace domain
  The cyberspace domain is the interdependent networks of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet,
  telecommunication networks, computer systems, embedded processors and controllers, and relevant portions of the electromagnetic spectrum
  (FM 3-0). Cyberspace is not constrained by geography; it is an extensive and complex global network of wired and wireless links connecting
  nodes that reach across every domain. Friendly, enemy, adversary, and host-nation networks, communications systems, computers, cellular
  phone systems, social media, and technical infrastructure are all part of cyberspace. The cyberspace domain is congested, contested, and
  critical to successful operations. (See FM 3-12.)
  Operational aspects Army intelligence considerations Threat and other OE considerations
  • Army intelligence must—
  ▪Leverage the intelligence architecture, including
  intelligence from the intelligence and
  cyberspace communities about the cyberspace
  domain.
  ▪Collaborate, participate in exercises, and build
  intelligence relationships with U.S. Cyber
  Command, other Services, CCMDs, and UAPs.
  • Space domain depends on the land,
  maritime, air, and space domains. ▪Understand USCYBERCOM, Army, joint,
  • CO use links and nodes located in these and other Service cyberspace and EW
  domains and perform functions to gain capabilities.
  access and create effects, first in ▪Build an understanding of and integrate with Threat capability examples:
  cyberspace and then in other domains. unique Army cyberspace capabilities and • Information warfare intent and objectives
  • Space operations depend on organizations such as ARCYBER, in the cyberspace domain. (This can
  cyberspace; space capabilities provide ARCYBER G-2, and the Cyber Military have global effects.)
  critical portions of cyberspace bandwidth. Intelligence Group. • Offensive CO against friendly forces.
  • Inherently joint, interorganizational, ▪ Build an electromagnetic order of battle in • Defensive cyberspace capabilities.
  multinational, and often a shared conjunction with the cyberspace community. • Cyberspace infrastructure with
  resource with signal and intelligence • Support other Services, CCMDs, and UAPs: specifications and nodes.
  units and organizations. ▪Support all measures to counter threat • EW capabilities, to include meaconing,
  • Army forces conduct CO and supporting information warfare, misinformation, and jamming, and decoys.
  activities as part of both Army and joint disinformation in the cyberspace domain, as • Disruption of friendly space capabilities.
  operations. authorized. Other OE examples:
  • Commanders and staffs use cyberspace ▪Support cyberspace domain target • Cyberspace (nonground)
  and EW capabilities to gain situational development on certain threat capabilities, communications, including cellular
  awareness and understanding of the as appropriate. coverage.
  enemy. ▪Support the joint identification of threats to • Cyberspace providers and ground
  • Cyberspace and EW capabilities enable key friendly cyberspace capabilities, as infrastructure, including power
  decision making, protect friendly appropriate. generation and networks.
  information, and inform and influence • Provide Army forces— • Computer, information technology, and
  audiences. ▪Coordinated electromagnetic spectrum associated commercial advancements.
  • To achieve an information advantage, actions, in terms of signals intelligence. • Other associated emerging technologies
  the commander and staff must integrate ▪Support to EW activities. such as nano computers and quantum
  EW activities and CO: computing.
  ▪Ensures command and control and ▪Support to CO and cybersecurity.
  maintains operations security. • Team with ARCYBER to exploit cyberspace
  ▪Slows or degrades enemy decision capabilities as part of intelligence support and
  information collection.
  making and targeting.
  • Team with Army EW units to exploit EW
  capabilities as a part of intelligence support
  and information collection.
  • Conduct signals intelligence surveys.
  Note. Challenges in terms of authorities,
  coordination, and deconfliction between Title 10
  and Title 50 statute operations can occur. (See
  paragraphs B-71 through B-74.)
  ARCYBER United States Army Cyber Command FM field manual
  CCMD combatant command OE operational environment
  CO cyberspace operations UAP unified action partner
  G-2 assistant chief of staff, intelligence USCYBERCOM United States Cyber Command
  EW electromagnetic warfare