text: Intelligence
  Open-Source Intelligence
  1-79. Open-source intelligence is intelligence that is produced from publicly available information and is
  collected, exploited, and disseminated in a timely manner to an appropriate audience for the purpose of
  addressing a specific intelligence requirement (Public Law 109-163). OSINT is derived from PAI collected
  by trained and certified OSINT collectors/practitioners, who use tools, processes, and analytics to generate
  operationally relevant intelligence from the vast amounts and variety of PAI.
  1-80. Successful OSINT operations rely heavily on the commander’s understanding and guidance about the
  application of OSINT. Additionally, the intelligence architecture is vital; without it, intelligence capabilities,
  including OSINT, cannot support operations effectively. OSINT, like all intelligence capabilities, must be fully
  integrated into the operations process (planning through execution) to support the commander’s intent and
  requirements. The Defense Open-Source Council and the National Open-Source Committee manage OSINT.
  1-81. OSINT may include—
  ⚫ Social media exploitation.
  ⚫ Access to large data sets for analysis.
  ⚫ Warning intelligence and tipping and cueing for other collection disciplines.
  ⚫ Support to targeting and battle damage assessment (BDA).
  ⚫ Traditional monitoring of press and news outlets, publications, and periodicals.
  1-82. Units may obtain OSINT capabilities through the Army OSINT Office. OSINT collectors/practitioners
  produce the following stand-alone products:
  ⚫ OSINT reports (also known as OSIR), which may be incorporated into intelligence estimates,
  intelligence summaries (INTSUMs), intelligence running estimates, and others.
  ⚫ Tactical OSINT report format (also known as OSINT tipper).
  1-83. ATP 2-22.9 and ATP 2-22.9-2 provide detailed discussions about OSINT.
  Signals Intelligence
  1-84. Signals intelligence is intelligence derived from communications, electronic, and foreign
  instrumentation signals (JP 2-0). SIGINT is one of several military functions operating within the
  electromagnetic spectrum (EMS); it provides EW support when used in military operations for threat
  warning, combat information, and situational awareness. According to Title 10, USC, SIGINT teams can
  perform additional analysis on threat signals to produce intelligence. According to Title 50, USC, Army
  cryptologic forces produce SIGINT to support the formulation of strategy, policy, military plans, and
  operations at national to tactical levels.
  1-85. SIGINT comprises—
  ⚫ Communications intelligence—technical information and intelligence derived from foreign
  communications by other than the intended recipients (JP 2-0). Communications intelligence
  (also called COMINT) is produced from the collection and processing of foreign
  communications transmitted by radio, wire, or other electromagnetic means and by processing
  foreign encrypted communications, however transmitted.
  ⚫ Electronic intelligence—technical and geolocation intelligence derived from foreign
  noncommunications electromagnetic radiations emanating from other than nuclear detonations or
  radioactive sources (JP 3-85). Electronic intelligence (also called ELINT) is produced from the
  collection (observation and recording) and processing of foreign noncommunications emitters.
  ⚫ Foreign instrumentation signals intelligence—a subcategory of signals intelligence consisting of
  technical information and intelligence derived from the intercept of foreign electromagnetic
  emissions associated with the testing and operational deployment of aerospace, surface, and
  subsurface systems (JP 2-0). Foreign instrumentation SIGINT (also called FISINT) is produced
  from the intercept, processing, and analysis of foreign telemetry, which refers to the use of
  telecommunications for automatically indicating or recording measurements at a distance such
  as signals transmitted by a missile to a ground station.