text: Space Considerations During Multinational Operations
  TRAINING
  11-36. Commanders and staffs consider and answer the following training questions with respect to the space
  operations portion of the operations:
  • When will training occur—at home, en route to operation, or in a secured area?
  • Will commanders and staffs get generalized training for them to better understand the capabilities
  and effects space capabilities can provide?
  • Will intratheater ranges be available?
  • What will be the policy on test firing weapon systems intratheater?
  SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
  11-37. Commanders and staffs consider and answer the following SATCOM questions with respect to the
  space operations portion of the operations:
  • What military SATCOM assets are available and will they fulfill mission requirements?
  • How much bandwidth or capacity is needed?
  • Are there validated requirements to support the mission?
  • What kinds of ground terminals are available?
  • Does an international agreement prohibit the use of specific communications or frequencies?
  • What is the organization’s priority for restoration and has it been communicated to the combatant
  command communications system directorate of a joint staff?
  • Are leased commercial SATCOM links required and or available?
  • What kind of terrain, weather (terrestrial or space), vegetation, and or buildings may interfere with
  terrestrial or SATCOM equipment?
  • What are the jamming or interception capabilities of threat forces?
  • Does the unit have a spectrum analyzer to detect and locate SATCOM interference?
  • How can the unit deny the enemy access to SATCOM?
  POSITIONING, NAVIGATION, AND TIMING
  11-38. Commanders and staffs consider and answer the following PNT questions with respect to the space
  operations portion of the operations:
  • Does the command require a capability to jam or deceive (also known as spoofing) commercial PNT
  receivers?
  • Does the threat force have the capability to jam or deceive PNT receivers?
  • What systems (such as GPS) is the threat using for PNT?
  • Do the supported commands have sufficient military issue GPS receivers?
  • Will the supported commands require a GPS differential capability?
  • What unit equipment requires the timing signal from GPS?
  • Can friendly communications or radar equipment interfere with the PNT signal?
  • What friendly force tracking devices do the supported commands have? How are they tracked?
  • What personal locator beacon devices do the supported commands have and how are they tracked?
  • How do the supported commands handle PNT electromagnetic interference issues?
  • How does the unit track allied and partner nation forces?
  • Are all unit friendly force tracking and personal locator beacon devices registered with the friendly
  force tracking mission management center?
  • How many and what type of commercial PNT devices are used by the unit?
  SPACE-BASED SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE
  11-39. Commanders and staffs consider and answer the following space-based surveillance and
  reconnaissance questions with respect to the space operations portion of the operations:
  • What areas may imagery need to be requested?
  • What type of information is needed and at what resolution?
  • Can another system such as unmanned aircraft systems provide the information?
  • How is the collections manager contacted?