text: Chapter 2
  2-37. Both EP and defensive EA can have protective effects. However, EP focuses explicitly on protecting
  friendly EMS-dependent capabilities. In contrast, the protective effects of defensive EA focus on attacking
  enemy capabilities that support their opposition to friendly forces and operations. EP includes protective
  measures for friendly forces operating near or handling live ordnance by preventing inadvertent detonations
  due to electromagnetic energy.
  ELECTROMAGNETIC PROTECTION TASKS
  2-38. Adversaries are heavily invested in diminishing our effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum. It
  is crucial we understand the enemy threat and our vulnerabilities to our systems, equipment and personnel.
  Effective EP measures will minimize natural phenomena and mitigate the enemy’s ability to conduct ES and
  EA actions against friendly forces successfully.
  2-39. EP tasks include—
  * Electromagnetic environmental effects deconfliction.
  * Electromagnetic compatibility.
  * Electromagnetic hardening.
  * Emission control.
  * Electromagnetic masking.
  * Preemptive countermeasures.
  * Electromagnetic security.
  * Wartime reserve modes.
  Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Deconfliction
  2-40. Electromagnetic vulnerability is the characteristics of a system that cause it to suffer a definite
  degradation (incapability to perform the designated mission) as a result of having been subjected to a certain
  level of electromagnetic environmental effects (JP 3-85). Any system operating in the EMS is susceptible to
  electromagnetic environmental effects. Any spectrum-dependent device exposed to or having
  electromagnetic compatibility issues within an EMOE may result in the increased potential for such
  electromagnetic vulnerability as safety, interoperability, and reliability issues. Electromagnetic vulnerability
  manifests when spectrum-dependent devices suffer levels of degradation that render them incapable of
  performing operations when subjected to electromagnetic environmental effects.
  2-41. Electromagnetic compatibility, EMS deconfliction, electromagnetic pulse, and EMI mitigation reduce
  the impact of electromagnetic environmental effects. Recognizing the different types of electromagnetic
  radiation hazards allows planners to use appropriate measures to counter or mitigate electromagnetic
  environmental effects. Electromagnetic radiation hazards include— hazards of electromagnetic radiation to
  personnel, hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance, and hazards of electromagnetic radiation to
  fuels. Electromagnetic environmental effects can also occur from natural phenomena such as lightning and
  precipitation static.
  Electromagnetic Compatibility
  2-42. Electromagnetic compatibility is the ability of systems, equipment, and devices that use the
  electromagnetic spectrum to operate in their intended environments without causing or suffering
  unacceptable or unintentional degradation because of electromagnetic radiation or response (JP 3-85). The
  CEMA spectrum manager assists the G-6 or S-6 spectrum manager with implementing electromagnetic
  compatibility to mitigate electromagnetic vulnerabilities by applying sound spectrum planning, coordination,
  and management of the EMS. Operational forces have minimal ability to mitigate electromagnetic
  compatibility issues. Instead, they must document identified electromagnetic compatibility issues so that the
  Service component program management offices may coordinate the required changes necessary to reduce
  compatibility issues.