text: Foundations of Fire Support and the Role of the Field Artillery
  Table 1-3. Operational and fire support considerations for operational approach (continued)
  Operational and fire support considerations
  Operational approach
  (not all inclusive)
  Risk. Commanders accept risk on their own terms to create • Leaders considering risk across the domains. Accepting
  opportunities and apply judgment to manage those hazards risk in one domain may create opportunities in other
  they do not control. Risk is an inherent part of every domains.
  operation and cannot be avoided. Commanders analyze risk
  • Waiting for near-perfect intelligence and synchronization
  in collaboration with subordinates to assist in determining
  may increase risk or close a window of opportunity.
  the risk level and type and how to mitigate the risk. When
  considering how much risk to accept with a course of action, • Weighting Civil considerations vs targeting opportunities
  commanders consider risk to the force against the and FS system responsiveness.
  probability of mission success during current and future • Tactical Risks, such as forward positioning of firing units,
  operations. They assess options in terms of weighting the
  may increase FS system effectiveness but increases risk
  main effort, economy of force, and physical loss based on
  of interdiction from enemy IFC.
  what they have been tasked to do.
  FS – fire support, FSCM – fire support coordination measure, IADS – integrated air defense system, IFC – integrated fires
  command, IPOE – intelligence preparation of the operational environment, MOE – measures of effectiveness, MOP –
  measures of performance, NFA – no fire area, RFA – restricted fire area
  STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
  1-22. The strategic framework accounts for factors in the strategic environment and the connection of
  strategic capabilities to operational- and tactical-level operations. It includes the strategic support area, joint
  security area, extended deep area, and assigned OA.
  1-23. The strategic framework has importance in terms of joint operations and Army operational-level
  operations. For most Army operations, understanding the Army operational framework in the context of the
  strategic framework, is important. For more information on strategic and operational frameworks see FM 3-
  0, JP 3-0, and JP 3-10.
  OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK
  1-24. An operational framework is a cognitive tool used to assist commanders and staffs in clearly
  visualizing and describing the application of combat power in time, space, purpose, and resources in the
  concept of operations (ADP 1-01). Commanders build their operational framework on their assessment of
  the OE, including all domains and dimensions. They may create new models to fit the circumstances, but
  they generally apply a combination of common models according to doctrine. The three models commonly
  used to build an operational framework are:
  * Assigned areas.
  * Deep, close, and rear operations.
  * Main effort, supporting effort, and reserve.
  Note. Commanders may use any operational framework model they find useful, but they must
  remain synchronized with their higher-echelon headquarters’ operational framework. FM 3-0
  provides a detailed discussion on each model.
  1-25. FS personnel must understand and properly use the doctrinal terminology, concepts, and considerations
  for the operational framework. Table 1-4 on pages 1-10 and 1-11 lists several FS considerations for the three
  operational framework models.