text: Chapter 1
  1-64. Most intelligence collection, which is part of intelligence operations, occurs within the context of the
  intelligence disciplines. The intelligence disciplines and the capabilities they provide are varied, effective, and
  complex. The variety and complexity become most evident when addressing collection and analysis
  requirements across the domains and dimensions. It requires training and experience to fully understand the
  intelligence disciplines across echelons. Each intelligence discipline is unique in terms of its authorities,
  doctrine, training requirements, collection strengths and vulnerabilities, employment techniques, force structure,
  terminology, technical channels and means of mission management, and supporting PED capabilities.
  1-65. Collection from the various intelligence disciplines is integrated during collection management to
  ensure a multidiscipline approach, which supports effective intelligence analysis, and, ultimately, all-source
  intelligence. In turn, all-source intelligence facilitates accurate situational understanding, decision making,
  and support to targeting.
  Publicly Available Information Research
  Publicly available information (PAI) research is an important aspect of tipping and cueing and
  planning for intelligence collection as it enhances situational understanding of the OE and
  enriches the analysis of collected intelligence. While the concept and execution of PAI
  research is not new, the articulation of PAI research in doctrine and an emphasis on
  institutional PAI research training are new. Using PAI research thoughtfully within intelligence
  is critical to effective intelligence support. Using and integrating PAI research ensure
  commanders and staffs consider the vast amounts of PAI for planning, decision making, and
  targeting purposes.
  Army intelligence staffs, units, and organizations must comply with DODM 5240.01 when
  conducting intelligence activities such as PAI research. Conducting PAI research and OSINT
  activities are different from one another. PAI research primarily entails using safe sites or no-
  risk sites to gather data, facts, instructions, or other material for supporting an intelligence
  mission; OSINT is derived from PAI collected by trained and certified OSINT
  collectors/practitioners, who use tools, processes, and analytics to generate operationally
  relevant intelligence from the vast amounts and variety of PAI. (See ATP 2-22.9.)
  Counterintelligence
  1-66. CI focuses on the detection, identification, analysis, neutralization, or exploitation of foreign
  intelligence entities, foreign terrorist organizations, and insider threats to protect Army and designated DOD
  forces, information, and technologies worldwide. Army CI applies its resources to four primary mission
  areas—counterespionage, CI support to force protection, information collection to identify and counter threat
  intelligence collection targeting Army equities, and CI support to technology and critical infrastructure
  protection. Army CI accomplishes these missions by conducting—
  ⚫ Operations that are broadly executed CI activities that support a program or specific mission.
  They can be offensive, defensive, or a combination of both, depending on the scope, objective,
  and/or continued possibility for exploitation.
  ⚫ Investigations to assist in detecting, identifying, countering, and/or neutralizing threat
  intelligence collection. They also assist in identifying systematic security problems that may
  have damaging implications to operations and national security interests.
  ⚫ Collection to acquire information about insider threats, foreign intelligence entities, terrorists,
  and insurgent intelligence collection targeting U.S. operations, personnel, facilities, information,
  networks, technology, and resources.
  ⚫ Analysis and production to provide the supported commander with the information necessary
  to gain and maintain situational awareness of threat intelligence information collection targeting
  Army equities. Complete and effective CI analysis must leverage all intelligence disciplines to
  assess the full range of threat intelligence capabilities.
  ⚫ Technical services and activities to provide support activities and specialized technical
  capabilities that support CI operations, investigations, collection, analysis and production, and
  other intelligence disciplines.