text: Command and Control During Multinational Operations
  ▪ Assistance required from the national government to negotiate unity of command or unity of
  effort at the strategic level?
  ▪ Clarity of relationships and understanding on the part of all multinational elements?
  LIAISON
  2-124. Commanders answer the following liaison questions about the force’s participation in the operation:
  • Have the needs of liaison officers sent to multinational force headquarters and to adjacent,
  supporting, and supported units been identified and met?
  • Do liaison elements on the staff possess requisite authorities? Do the liaison elements have a full
  understanding of both national interests and multinational objectives?
  • Do liaison elements have appropriate communications, linguistic, logistics, and office support
  capabilities in place?
  • Have liaison officers been identified? Have key liaison officers been interviewed for suitability?
  • Have the requirements for interagency and multinational coordination been identified and met?
  Does the force have adequate liaison officers or liaison officer teams to meet required coordination?
  • Have Army forces mobile liaison teams been requested?
  LANGUAGE
  2-125. Commanders answer the following language questions about the force’s participation in the operation:
  • Has the language used for force-wide communications been identified?
  • Has the command level been identified that each force will resort to its national language? Are there
  sufficient interpreters for planning and execution?
  COMMUNICATIONS
  2-126. Commanders answer the following communications questions about the force’s participation in the
  operation:
  • Have the areas been identified that come under multinational control and that remain national
  issues?
  • Has the requirement for portable communications devices such as cell phones been identified and
  met?
  • Have commercial companies that establish telephone service for use by multinational forces been
  identified?
  • If the multinational force establishes a multinational visitor’s bureau, has that communications
  capability been identified and determined if required?
  • Do national laws require agreements defining payments for using the information systems networks
  or military satellite communications (SATCOM) assets?
  • Has the responsible party for funding additional communications capability been identified?
  • Will nations be expected to provide communications capabilities to other nations’ military forces or
  civilian agencies?
  • Have plans for expanding the communications system been identified and met if needed?
  • Has the policy on morale calls been identified? Who supports them?
  • Have steps to ensure procedural compatibility been identified and implemented?
  • Has the common identification of friend or foe procedure been identified and implemented?
  • Have the data-link protocols been identified and implemented?
  • Have the communications equipment capability between forces been identified and implemented?
  • Has coordination been accomplished regarding frequency assignment?
  • Have C2 information systems required to support diminishing multinational force presence been
  identified and implemented?
  • Will command channels be used only for execution and national channels be used only for reporting
  status and requesting support?
  • Are there a means and a plan to provide all forces with a COP?
  • Do multinational partners with a lesser C2 capability have appropriate liaison officers, interpreters,
  operators, and maintainers to enable adequate C2 in the multinational force?