text: Chapter 5
  the rear, and prevent the enemy’s escape. Force multipliers—such as fixed-wing aviation assets—concentrate
  on supporting ground forces exploiting the penetration.
  5-96. Attacking units may have to bypass enemy units to maintain their tempo when they transition to an
  exploitation or pursuit. Units bypass enemy forces according to previously established bypass criteria. At a
  minimum, bypassed enemy forces remain under observation or fixed in place by other units until passed off
  to follow-on units.
  5-97. Units intensify their information collection efforts to obtain the situational understanding necessary to
  decide on a COA if enemy forces succeed in withdrawing major forces from action. Aggressive units may
  prevent enemy forces from reconstituting an effective defense in a rearward position. They may have to delay
  the renewal of their attacks until those information collection efforts are successful so they can formulate
  tactically sound plans if the enemy succeeds in occupying new defensive positions.
  Terminating the Attack
  5-98. If all objectives have been accomplished, or the unit has culminated, the unit terminates the attack and
  establishes a defense until relieved.
  5-99. Units preplan the location and future missions of each element. Artillery and other fire support systems
  mass fires on enemy assembly areas and enemy troops forming for counterattacks. Commanders may alert
  their reserves to protect the flanks of attacking units, hold ground seized by them, or counter enemy
  counterattacks. They may use antitank minefields or other obstacles to cover likely enemy avenues of
  approach. Units improve these obstacles and defensive positions when they have time and resources.
  5-100. Units designate target reference points, final protective fires (FPFs), engagement areas, and other
  direct and indirect fire control measures. Once in position, subordinate elements modify preplanned measures
  and improve defensive capabilities as required. Echelon scout or cavalry units deploy beyond these local
  security patrols to conduct their reconnaissance or security missions.
  VARIATIONS OF ATTACKS
  5-101. Units use variations of the attack to organize forces against specific enemy dispositions. Attack
  variations include—
  * Ambush.
  * Counterattack.
  * Raid.
  * Spoiling attack.
  The commander’s intent and mission variables determine the specific variation. As subordinate attack
  variations, they share many of the planning, preparation, and execution considerations of the attack.
  Paragraphs 5-102 through 5-150 discuss the unique considerations of each variation of the attack: ambush,
  counterattack, raid, and spoiling attack.
  AMBUSH
  5-102. An ambush is a variation of attack from concealed positions against a moving or temporarily
  halted enemy. An ambush stops, denies, or destroys enemy forces by maximizing the element of surprise.
  Ambushes can employ direct fire systems as well as other destructive means, such as command-detonated
  mines, indirect fires, and supporting nonlethal effects. They may include an assault to close with and destroy
  enemy forces. In an ambush, the ambush force does not normally seize and hold ground objectives.
  5-103. The two methods of an ambush are the point ambush and the area ambush. In a point ambush, a unit
  deploys to attack a single kill zone. In an area ambush, a unit deploys into two or more related point ambushes.
  A unit smaller than a platoon does not conduct an area ambush. The kill zone is the location where fires are
  concentrated in an ambush. Typically, kill zones use heavy direct fire for a short duration. Whereas
  engagement areas tend to use indirect and direct fires for longer duration over a larger area.