text: Chapter 2
  2-40. Table 2-7 list several operational and intelligence considerations associated with the human dimension.
  Table 2-7. Operational and intelligence considerations for the human dimension
  The human dimension encompasses people and the interaction between individuals and groups, how they understand information and events,
  make decisions, generate will, and act within an operational environment (FM 3-0).
  Operational considerations (not all-inclusive) Intelligence considerations (not all-inclusive)
  • Impossibility of isolating the human dimension from the information
  Discussion:
  and physical dimensions.
  • The will to fight emerges from the complex interrelationship of
  • Activities and effects within the human dimension. They are challenging,
  culture, emotion, and behavior.
  but not impossible, to understand, collect against, make predictions
  • Military objectives are achieved by influencing that interrelationship.
  about, and support operational planning. Human thinking, will, intent, and
  • Influencing that interrelationship occurs by affecting attitudes, behavior are complex.
  beliefs, motivations, and perceptions.
  • Intelligence disciplines and complementary capabilities conducting
  • The commander and staff identify relevant actors and predict their information collection in and against the human dimension. For
  behaviors. example, PAI research, OSINT, HUMINT, and identity activities can
  • By understanding the operational environment, including relevant make important contributions to understanding important aspects of
  actors, the commander and staff attempt to influence relevant the human dimension; however, Army forces ultimately use an all-
  actors’ behaviors, decision making, and will through physical and source approach.
  informational means. • IWFTs, including warning intelligence, intelligence preparation of
  Human advantage: the operational environment, situation development, and
  intelligence support to targeting. They assist in accounting for
  • A human advantage occurs when a force holds the initiative in
  aspects within the human dimension.
  terms of training, morale, perception, and will.
  • Center of gravity analysis, functional analysis using critical factors, the
  • A human advantage enables friendly morale and will, degrades
  outside-in thinking analytic technique, and thorough analysis of relevant
  enemy morale and will, and influences popular support.
  actors. They are critical in assisting intelligence analysts in understanding
  • Examples include— the human dimension.
  ▪Soldier competence. • Operational variables, civil considerations (within the mission
  ▪The force’s health and physical fitness. variables), and a crosswalk of both operational and mission
  variables. They assist intelligence analysts in considering the
  ▪A cultural affinity and good relations with the local population.
  human dimension.
  FM field manual OSINT open-source intelligence
  HUMINT human intelligence PAI publicly available information
  IWFT intelligence warfighting function task
  2-41. Table 2-8 lists several operational and intelligence considerations associated with physical dimension.
  Table 2-8. Operational and intelligence considerations for the physical dimension
  The physical dimension is the material characteristics and capabilities, both natural and manufactured, within an operational environment
  (FM 3-0).
  Operational considerations (not all-inclusive) Intelligence considerations (not all-inclusive)
  Discussion:
  • War is conducted with physical mechanisms. • Impossibility of isolating the physical dimension from the human
  and information dimensions.
  • Each domain is inherently physical.
  • Existence of most of the threat and other operational environment
  • The physical dimension includes space orbits, terrain, weather,
  considerations in table 2-2 on page 2-10 within the physical
  military formations, electromagnetic radiation, and weapons systems
  dimension.
  and their ranges.
  • Activities and effects within the physical dimension. They are
  • Physical activities create effects in the human and information
  easier, although not easy, to understand, collect against, and
  dimensions.
  predict compared to threat and other relevant actor aspects of the
  • The electromagnetic spectrum is one of the physical mechanisms
  human and information dimensions.
  that occurs across all domains.
  • Proficiency of intelligence disciplines and complementary
  Physical advantage:
  capabilities in conducting information collection in the physical
  • A physical advantage occurs when a force holds the initiative in dimension.
  terms of the number and combinations of capabilities, quality of
  • IWFTs, including warning intelligence, IPOE, situation
  capabilities, or geographic positioning.
  development, and intelligence support to targeting. They must
  • Finding multiple physical advantages is typically the goal of most consider the physical dimension.
  tactical operations: occupation of key terrain, physical isolation of the
  • A relatively complete list of threat and other operational
  enemy, and destruction of enemy units.
  environment aspects. This list within the physical dimension is
  • A physical advantage results in superior combat power. quite extensive.
  • A physical advantage creates human and information advantages.
  FM field manual IWFT intelligence warfighting function task
  IPOE intelligence preparation of the operational environment