text: Chapter 4
  Table 4-1. Information collection capabilities (continued)
  Organization Capability
  Conduct civil reconnaissance and civil engagement to identify, assess,
  verify, or refute information on targeted ASCOPE.
  CA Develop civil component of the operational environment to provide
  input to the common operational picture, targeting process, IPB, and
  integration of civil knowledge.
  Legend:
  AO area of operations
  ASCOPE areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events
  CA civil affairs
  CBRN chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
  IPB intelligence preparation of the battlespace
  TCF chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear tactical combat force
  WMD weapons of mass destruction
  4-17. MEB commanders must know enemy capabilities and intentions throughout the support area. They
  must anticipate, receive, and provide early warning of emerging threats in the AO. This requires access to
  all-source intelligence. Based on intelligence in the support area, the commander locates facilities and units
  and applies combat power to defeat threats early in the AO and, if required, relocates units at risk.
  4-18. MEB and base camp commanders use observation posts and patrols to collect information and improve
  security. Base camp and base cluster commanders have an inherent responsibility to gather information and
  share intelligence with the support area designated land owner. Surveillance is inherent and continuous in all
  security operations.
  4-19. Counterreconnaissance is also inherent in all security operations. It is the sum of all actions taken to
  counter enemy reconnaissance and surveillance efforts. The focus is to deny the enemy information and
  destroy or repel enemy reconnaissance elements. Security forces operate offensively or defensively when
  executing counterreconnaissance.
  4-20. Counterintelligence is information gathered and activities conducted to identify, deceive, exploit,
  disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for
  or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or their agents, or international terrorist organizations
  or activities (JP 1-02.2). Counterintelligence includes all actions taken to detect, identify, track, exploit, and
  neutralize the multidiscipline intelligence activities of adversaries. It is a key intelligence community
  contributor to protect U.S. interests and equities. The MEB S-2 coordinates all counterintelligence measures
  and operations with the counterintelligence coordinating authority of the higher headquarters.
  CIVIL-MILITARY OPERATIONS
  4-21. Civil-military operations are a joint operational construct and the inherent responsibility of all
  commanders. Within this construct, contact between U.S. military forces and the civil component of the
  operational environment is considered civil-military operations. Commanders at all levels must realize that
  Soldiers’ actions—when dealing with the indigenous populations and institutions, unified action partners,
  and interagencies—impact the overall civil-military operations situation. Predeployment training of all
  Soldiers regarding the culture and customs of the factions of the indigenous populace they may encounter
  enhances the effectiveness of the overall civil-military operations objectives.
  4-22. Every U.S. military organization has some capability to support the execution of civil-military
  operations. Typically, CA units form the nucleus of civil-military operations planning efforts. Others—such
  as special forces, psychological operations, engineers, medical, transportation, military police, and security
  forces—support this effort. Commanders and staffs should not consider civil-military operations something
  performed only by CA forces.