text: Chapter 12
  12-22. ADA units use the AMDPCS equipment, the FAAD/C-RAM C2, THAAD C2, or Patriot C2 to
  execute C2 tasks. All ADA units use the AMDWS to support planning and operations functions. The C2
  systems use hierarchical communications links and LandWarNet to effect data distribution for C2 functions.
  Hierarchical architectures require higher level C2 nodes to link to lower level C2 nodes down to the execution
  level (firing battery or firing platoon). The execution level organization then connects directly to sensors and
  shooters.
  12-23. Two scenarios are briefly addressed to highlight potential connectivity challenges: a mature theater
  with joint and Army AMD forces, and an austere theater with predominately maneuver forces.
  * Mature theater with joint and Army AMD forces. Engagement authorization flows from the area
  AADC, RADC, or SADC to the collocated ADAFCO; the ADAFCO passes engagement
  directions to an ADA task force or battery. The ADAFCO does not have organic direct
  connectivity into the link 16 and uses voice or a host-provided data link as the primary means of
  passing engagement data. The ADAFCO may need connectivity through LandWarNet to a BCT
  ADAM cell because of distance and non-line-of-sight conditions. Once engagement authorization
  is passed to the AMD echelon exercising C2, internal ADA networks, such as PADIL or FDL, are
  used to transmit data to the executing elements.
  * Austere theater with predominately maneuver forces. If no ADA forces are present, the ADAM
  cell links directly to a joint or host nation engagement authority. Direct linkage to the joint
  engagement authority is via link 16 and voice. Linkage to a host nation may be via tactical data
  links and voice or may be voice only, depending upon the host nation’s capability. If ADA is
  present, link 16 and voice are normally the primary linkages between AMD forces and the joint
  engagement authority, and between ADA and the BCT ADAM cell. The ADAM cell then provides
  engagement authorization data to the BCT, based on procedural controls, and any available
  automated battle aids enabled by its C2 capability and transported by its available communications
  network(s).
  12-24. ADA units work well and integrate with other U.S. and multinational AMD organizations, civilian
  organizations, and professional fighting forces. To effect that type of integration, and sometimes
  interoperability, requires extremely complex data and voice communications systems. The data systems have
  to transfer near-real-time data across the battlefield or across continents to support situational awareness and
  anti-missile and anti-aircraft engagements. Figures 12-1 on page 12-4 and 12-2 on page 12-5 show the breadth
  of communications and data transfer systems but do not touch on the complexity or difficulty of
  implementing the integration required.