text: Chapter 2
  2-30. To best compete with peer or near-peer adversaries, the Army’s policy is to develop interoperability
  to enhance readiness in support of U.S. national defense and strategic goals, including operating effectively
  with allies and foreign partners across the full range of military operations. Interoperability is the ability to
  act together coherently, effectively, and efficiently to achieve tactical, operational, and strategic objectives
  (JP 3-0). Interoperability is achieved through international military standardization, other Army security
  cooperation programs and activities, and Army participation in joint, interorganizational and multinational
  programs and activities. Interoperability activities are any initiative, forum, agreement, or operation that
  improves the Army’s ability to operate effectively and efficiently as a component of the joint force, within
  an interorganizational environment, and as a member or leader of an alliance or coalition across the range of
  military operations.
  2-31. JAG Corps personnel work to achieve interoperability whenever possible. Interoperability is routinely
  considered and supported as Army planning, programming, and budgeting, and execution (known as PPBE);
  force design; force structure; doctrine and policy; training; weapon systems and material requirements;
  research; development and acquisitions; information and data processes for assessment, monitoring, and
  evaluation; material management; and logistics support. JAG Corps personnel simultaneously address
  human, technical, and procedural aspects across all warfighting functions as they shape capabilities for
  interoperability. JAG Corps personnel understand the legal and policy constraints and caveats of allies and
  partners during multinational operations. (See AR 34-1 for more information on interoperability.)
  2-32. Joint operations are military actions conducted by joint forces, which include the Army, Navy, Marine
  Corps, Air Force, Space Force, and in some instances, the Coast Guard. Those service forces are employed
  in specific command relationships with each other to integrate joint capabilities. JAG Corps personnel work
  in joint headquarters at multiple echelons, and they understand the capabilities, processes, and procedures of
  the other Services and develop relationships with other Service personnel to effectively deliver legal support
  to the joint force.
  JOINT FORCE STRUCTURE ANDSUPPORT
  2-33. In accordance with U.S. law and DOD regulations, the Secretary of Defense manages the employment
  of forces among combatant commands (CCMDs) based on policy, requests, requirements, and assessments
  in a process called global force management. The Secretary of Defense directs the Secretary of each Military
  Department to assign or allocate forces to CCMDs. Each military Service is led by a civilian secretary who,
  along with the Service Chief, is primarily responsible for organizing, training, equipping, and managing
  forces for assignment and allocation to the CCMDs. The assignment and allocation establish the command
  relationship and authority between the command and unit. (See JP 3-35 for more information on joint
  deployment. See FM 3-94 for more information on theater army, corps, and division operations.)
  2-34. Combatant commanders (known as CCDRs) command forcesto confront emerging or current threats
  in their designated areas of responsibility. Units assigned or allocated to the CCMDs are then assigned to a
  joint force commander in the area of responsibility and normally task organized into subordinate task forces
  to execute large scale or other combat operations. Additionally, CCMDs are supported by each of the Military
  Services through a component command which is permanently aligned to the CCMD. This headquarters
  exercises varying degrees of authority over its Service’s assigned units. It can fill various command roles,
  such as joint force commander or land component commander. United States Army Central Command and
  United States Army South are examples of Army Service component commands (ASCCs) permanently
  supporting CCMDs (See JP 3-0 and FM 3-94 for more information on combatant commanders. See figure
  2-3on page 2-7for a depiction of notional corps deep, close, and rear areas.)
  2-35. The Secretary of the Army and Chief of Staff of the Army execute their responsibilities to organize,
  train, equip, and manage Army forces for assignment to the CCMDs through United States Army Training
  and Doctrine Command and United States Army Forces Command. The Judge Advocate General of the Army
  and SJAs ensure that JAG Corps personnel have the requisite individual legal, joint, and tactical training to
  support military operations.