text: Additional Factors During Multinational Operations
  SECURITY FORCE ASSISTANCE SUPPORT
  13-12. The Army conducts security force assistance (SFA) missions when it has the objective to—
  • Increase the capability and capacity of allied and partner nation foreign security forces (FSFs) and
  their supporting institutions enabling their interoperability and provide the U.S. Government access,
  presence, and influence.
  • Develop situational understanding.
  • Enhance FSF and joint force interoperability.
  Ultimately, SFA aims to create FSFs that are competent, capable, committed, and confident. Such FSFs build
  a security apparatus that supports U.S. policy related to achieving regional stability.
  13-13. UAPs conduct SFA to address deficiencies in FSF capabilities or capacity, improve multinational
  interoperability, or demonstrate resolve and support. Each multinational SFA effort is unique, dynamic,
  analyzed, and framed to accommodate both U.S. objectives and foreign partner concerns and constraints. To
  increase the effectiveness of SFA activities, planners thoroughly assess and analyze the following throughout
  planning, preparation, and execution of the operation:
  • An operational environment (including civil and sociocultural considerations).
  • Legal and fiscal authorities.
  • The core grievances and potential threats (possibly including the prerequisites of insurgency).
  • FSF institutional functions (governance, executive, generating, and operating).
  • Methods, successes, and failures of FSF security efforts.
  • The state of training at all levels, and the specialties and education of leaders.
  • FSF equipment and the priority and capability placed on maintaining that equipment.
  • Sustainment and infrastructure structure and the ability to meet the force’s requirements.
  • Laws, regulations, and doctrine governing the FSF, and their relationships to national leaders.
  • Theater security cooperation plans.
  • Integrated country strategies—operation plan or concept plan requirements.
  • Other provisional or specialized SFA teams as needed.
  13-14. The United States tailors its contribution to multinational forces to support a multinational SFA effort.
  Support may include one or more of these sources:
  • Special operations forces.
  • Conventional forces.
  • SFABs.
  • Ministry of Defense advisors.
  • Civilian expeditionary workforce.
  • Contract support to SFA.
  13-15. When operating inside an established joint operations area, the DOD is usually the lead agency with
  the U.S. Department of State as the supporting agency. In this scenario, SFAB commanders operate in the
  DOD-nested concept of operations for SFA. Under most circumstances when operating in an established
  joint operations area, a SFAB is assigned to the joint or combined force land component commander for
  employment.
  13-16. If given responsibilities outside of its primary SFA mission, the SFAB requires augmentation to
  conduct terrain management, information collection, CMO, air and ground movement control, clearance of
  fires, security, personnel recovery, medical support, and other functions based on the environment. That
  augmentation can come in the form of other military forces or, in some cases, FSFs.
  13-17. The SFAB works best when its higher headquarters, in coordination with the partnered nation or
  security force, gives it objectives for developing or integrating FSFs. Usually, this is done through a tactical
  control relationship between senior SFAB commanders and their next higher headquarters. This allows SFAB
  commanders and staffs to use their advisors and resources against those objectives in a manner best suited to
  accomplish the SFA mission and expand the amount of available interoperable combined combat power.