text: Chapter 4
  command and control. Command and control by itself will not secure an objective,destroyan enemy target,
  or deliver supplies. Yet none of these activities could be coordinated towards a common objective, or
  synchronized to achieve maximum effect, without effective command and control. It is through command
  and control that the countless activities a military force must perform gain purpose and direction. The goal
  of command and control is mission accomplishment.
  COMMAND
  4-20. Command is the authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over subordinates
  by virtue of rank or assignment (JP 1). Command includes the authority and responsibility for effectively
  using available resources and for planning the employment of, organizing, directing, coordinating, and
  controlling military forces for the accomplishment of assigned missions. It also includes responsibility for
  health,welfare,morale,and discipline of assigned personnel.
  4-21. As an art,command requires the use of judgment. Commanders constantly use their judgment for such
  things as delegating authority, making decisions, determining the appropriate degree of control, and
  allocating resources. Although certain facts like troop-to-task ratios may influence a commander,they do not
  account for the human aspects of command. A commander’s character, competence, and commitment,
  influenced by their experience, training, and education influence their decision-making (see ADP 1 and
  ADP6-22). Proficiency in the art of command stems from years of schooling, self-development, and
  operational and training experiences.
  4-22. Command is a human skill sharpened by experience,study,and observation. Commanding at any level
  is more than simply leading Soldiers and units and making decisions. Commanders use their authority with
  firmness and care. Commanders strive to understand all aspects of their operational environment. Effective
  commanders create a positive command climate that instills a sense of mutual trust throughout the command.
  They use their judgment to assess situations,draw feasible conclusions, and make decisions. Commanders
  guide operations without stifling individual initiative. (See ADP 6-0 for additional information.) The key
  elements of command are—
  (cid:122) Authority.
  (cid:122) Responsibility.
  (cid:122) Decision-making.
  (cid:122) Leadership.
  CONTROL
  4-23. Controlis the regulation of forces and warfighting functions to accomplish the mission in accordance
  with the commander’s intent (ADP 6-0). Aided by staffs,commanders exercise control over assigned forces
  in their area of operations. Staffs coordinate,synchronize,and integrate actions,inform the commander,and
  exercise control for the commander. Control permits commanders to adjust operations to account for
  changing circumstances and direct the changes necessary to address the new situation. Commanders impose
  enough control to mass the effect of combat power at the decisive point in time while allowing subordinates
  the maximum freedom of action to accomplish assigned tasks.
  4-24. The science of control supports the art of command. In contrast to the art of command,the science of
  control is based on objectivity,facts,empirical methods,and analysis. Commanders and staffs use the science
  of control to overcome the physical and procedural constraints under which units operate. Units are bound
  by such factors as movement rates, fuel consumption, weapons effects, rules of engagement, and legal
  considerations. Commanders and staffs strive to understand aspects of operations they can analyze and
  measure, such as the physical capabilities and limitations of friendly and enemy organizations. Control
  requires a realistic appreciation for time and distance factors,including the time required to initiate certain
  actions. The commander’s command and control system, especially the staff, assists the commander with
  control (see section III). However,the commander remains the central figure.
  4-25. Commanders use control to direct and coordinate the actions of subordinate forces. They communicate
  information and receive feedback from subordinates to achieve greater shared understanding of the situation.
  This allows commanders to update their visualization with respect to the current situation, the end state or