text: Operations During Crisis
  ACTIVITIES TO MITIGATE UNITED STATES DETERRENCE
  5-8. As adversary forces plan for operations during a crisis, they consider several key actions to mitigate
  U.S. deterrence efforts and to ensure these operations do not interfere significantly with their interests. These
  actions may include—
  (cid:122) Conducting limited attacks to expose friendly force vulnerabilities. These attacks may also
  degrade the deterrence value of deployed forces and destroy credibility among current and
  potential partners.
  (cid:122) Disrupting or delaying the deployment of Army and joint forces through cyberspace attacks and
  denial of space capabilities.
  (cid:122) Exploiting gaps in national interests among the United States, partner nations, and potential
  partners by attacking weaker countries with whom the United States has no treaty obligations to
  defend.
  (cid:122) Conducting deception operations to conceal their real intent.
  (cid:122) Increasing the use of proxy forces to coopt, coerce, or influence the local population,
  organizations, and governments within a crisis region.
  (cid:122) Creating multiple dilemmas for the United States by attacking or threatening the use of force
  against potential partner nations in regions outside of the crisis region.
  (cid:122) Impacting the will of the public through information warfare, including cyberspace attacks.
  (cid:122) Threatening the use of nuclear weapons to prevent intervention by the United States, allies, and
  partners.
  OPERATIONS SECURITY
  5-9. Operations security is vital to the success of operations
  The protection of friendly forces
  during crisis. Continuously employing the operations security
  requires an understanding of threat
  process generates measures and countermeasures to limit an
  reconnaissance and surveillance,
  adversary’s ability to discern friendly intent, knowing that capabilities in an operational
  friendly forces are always under observation and at risk of environment. Protection is an outcome
  detection. Operations security is a function of how tasks and based in large part on how operations
  activities are conducted and how individual Soldiers and units are conducted at the individual and
  are successful in meeting the directed standards. Army units in unit level. No single system or
  capability can protect a formation on
  a joint operations area (JOA) exercise strict operations security
  its own.
  to protect friendly information and protect the network against
  cyberspace attacks. They do this by ensuring no use of personal
  electronic devices, minimizing electromagnetic emissions, and limiting communications on command and
  control (C2) information systems to the maximum possible extent. This protects Soldiers from social media
  and other information-related attacks and limits the information available to adversaries that can be used to
  target family members. It also makes it more difficult for adversaries to identify units and their locations and
  reduces the incentive for adversary forces to strike targets they view as lucrative enough to risk conflict to
  destroy. Stress caused by adversary social media attacks during crisis is potentially circumvented by avoiding
  social media altogether, since the combined effects of a disinformation campaign could degrade Soldier
  performance and morale far more than not having access to personal devices and media accounts. Operations
  security is a continuous activity at every echelon down to the individual Soldier level.
  RELATIVE ADVANTAGES
  5-10. During crisis, Army forces capitalize on the knowledge and experiences gained and use the systems,
  processes, and infrastructure developed while setting the theater to respond to adversary aggressions or
  threats. While this preparation and experience provide Army forces, allies, and other coalition forces with a
  good starting point in mature theaters, the transition into crisis will most likely be chaotic, and it will present
  Army leaders with unforeseen challenges that require rapid response. Army forces therefore build upon the
  information, human, and physical advantages gained during competition to mitigate friction, deter
  adversaries, and when necessary, transition into armed conflict.