text: Airspace Control in Operations
  for integration into its airspace plan (see paragraph 3-34). This integration applies to the next ACO and the
  higher headquarters’ airspace control appendix.
  2-28. Normally the corps headquarters delegates airspace control to subordinate divisions within their
  respective AOs. Corps headquarters may also authorize direct liaison between subordinate divisions and other
  theater air-ground system airspace control nodes provided by other Services. These entities include United
  States Air Force (USAF) CRCs and AWACS, Marine Corps direct air support center and tactical air
  operations center, and other airspace control entities for rapid resolution of airspace issues. For headquarters
  subordinate to the corps which may be attached, OPCON, or under tactical control of subordinate BCTs or
  for other brigades assigned their own AO, the corps may delegate control over Army airspace users within
  the respective AOs. In these instances, the corps retains responsibility for integrating airspace users. The
  corps integrates all airspace requirements for corps BCTs and other brigades not assigned an AO. The corps
  airspace element retains responsibility for airspace control over portions of the AO not assigned to
  subordinate units.
  2-29. The corps may have OPCON of a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF). A MAGTF integration with
  the corps airspace element depends on the size and capabilities of the MAGTF. The MAGTF’s aviation
  combat element includes Marine air command and control system capabilities tailored for the size of the
  aviation combat element. Smaller MAGTFs, a Marine expeditionary brigade with a regimental-based ground
  combat element and a composite group-based aviation combat element (with unmanned aircraft systems)
  may integrate in a similar manner with BCTs. Large MAGTFs bring the full joint capability to control
  airspace over the MAGTF AO. Large MAGTFs include a division-based ground combat element and wing-
  based aviation combat element with Marine rotary- and fixed- wing aviation as well as a robust Marine air
  command and control system. In this case, the MAGTF requires authorized direct liaison to coordinate
  airspace and air operations directly with the JAOC.
  2-30. The corps and division headquarters provide airspace control to support multinational forces under
  OPCON to the corps if needed. If these forces lack airspace control capabilities, they require assistance from
  the corps airspace element. They receive support similar to Army functional brigades working directly for
  the corps. See paragraph 2-42.
  2-31. The division airspace element oversees airspace control for all of the division’s assigned airspace,
  regardless of whether the division AO has been further assigned to subordinate brigades. When a division
  allocates part of its AO to a subordinate brigade, it delegates some airspace management responsibilities too.
  However, the division airspace element still integrates airspace users over the entire division AO. If the
  division has an unusually large AO or if the division AO is noncontiguous, then it can delegate more airspace
  control responsibilities to subordinate units. Normally, delegation of airspace control for unified action
  partner airspace users requires augmentation of the brigade with ATS elements from the combat aviation
  brigade.
  Fires Cell
  2-32. The fires cell is responsible for targeting coordination and for synchronizing fires delivered on surface
  targets by fire support means under the control of or in support of the corps or division. This cell coordinates
  and deconflicts fire support coordination measures (FSCMs) with ACMs through close interface with
  ADAM/BAE and airspace elements, the ASOC, and the TACP. The airspace element works with the fires
  cell to integrate FSCMs with the unit airspace plan. Although the airspace element reviews and integrates the
  fire support overlay with other airspace requirements, FSCMs are normally sent to higher, lower, and adjacent
  headquarters through fire support channels. In some cases, both the fires cell and the airspace element send
  related control or coordination measures through their respective channels. The airspace element and the fires
  cell ensure the standard operating procedures and the airspace control appendices address the procedures for
  forwarding FSCMs and associated ACMs through appropriate coordination channels. Other complex control
  measures—such as kill boxes, counterfire restricted operations zones, and airspace coordination areas—also
  require this parallel teamwork. The airspace element and the fires cell need to review the ACO to ensure that
  ACMs avoid unnecessarily interfering with fires and that the ACMs are in a format that the fires digital
  information systems can process. If a conflict exists between the fire support plan and the ACO, the airspace
  element coordinates with the higher airspace elements to correct or modify the appropriate ACM. As Army
  rocket and missile based fires continue to increase in range and altitude, effective integration of fires and