text: Chapter 1
  employing and sustaining forces while fighting to maintain freedom of action. The primary means of
  maintaining continuous pressure on the enemy is the continuous and rapid cycling of capabilities under
  operational-leveldirectionthroughoutthedurationofoperations.
  1-43. Operational area. Operational area is an overarching term encompassing more descriptive terms for
  geographic areasin which militaryoperationsare conducted. Operationalareasinclude, butare notlimited
  to, area of operations, amphibious objective area, joint operations area, and joint special operations area
  (JSOA). The JFC may designate operational areas on a temporary basis to facilitate the coordination,
  integration,anddeconflictionbetweenjointforcecomponentsandsupportingcommands. Operationalareas
  have physical dimensions comprised of some combination of air, land, and maritime domains and are
  definedbygeographicalboundaries.
  1-44. Area of operations. Definedareas of operations for land and maritime forces typically do not
  encompass the entire operational area of the JFC, but should be large enough for the land and maritime
  component commanders to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. Component commanders
  withareasofoperationsmaydesignate subordinateareaofoperationswithinwhichtheir subordinateforces
  operate. For example, the joint force land component commander (JFLCC) may assign subordinate
  commanders separate areas of operations within an assigned airborne or air assault area of operations.
  These subordinate commanders employ the full range of joint and service doctrinal control measures and
  graphics to delineate responsibilities, deconflict operations, safeguard friendly forces and civilians, and
  promoteunityofeffort.
  1-45. Amphibious objective area. An amphibious objective area is an area of land, sea, and airspace,
  assignedby a jointforce commander to commander,amphibious task force (CATF)to conductamphibious
  operations.The amphibiousobjective area should be specified in the initiatingdirective. Thisarea mustbe
  of sufficient size to ensure accomplishment of the amphibious force’s mission and must provide sufficient
  area for conducting necessary sea, air, and land operations. This three-dimensional area often is limited in
  height(for example, up to 25,000 feet). Amphibiousobjective area air control proceduresare identicalto a
  high-density airspace controlzone(HIDACZ)and CATF is theregional(orsector)air defensecommander
  (RADC or SADC).The amphibious objective area extends below the water surface, and can have a depth
  limitation.(RefertoJP 3-02formoreinformation.)
  1-46. Joint special operations area (JSOA). A joint special operations area is an area of land, sea, and
  airspace, assigned by a JFC to the commander of a joint special operations force to conduct special
  operations activities. The JFC may establish a JSOA when geographic boundaries between special
  operationsforcesand conventionalforces arethe mostsuitable controlmeasures. Establishmentofa JSOA
  forspecialoperationsforcesto conductoperationsprovidesa controlmeasureandassistsin the prevention
  of fratricide. The commander, joint special operations task force (CDRJSOTF) may request the
  establishment ofa JSOA.When a JSOAisdesignated,the CDRJSOTFis the supportedcommander within
  the designated JSOA. The CDRJSOTF may further assign a specific area or sector within the JSOA to a
  subordinate commander for mission execution. The scope and duration of the special operations forces
  mission, operational environment, and politico-military considerations all influence the number,
  composition,andsequencingofspecialoperationsforcesdeployedinto a JSOA.Itmaybelimitedinsizeto
  accommodate a discrete direct action mission or may be extensive enough to allow a continuing broad
  rangeofunconventionalwarfareoperations.(RefertoJP 3-05formoreinformation.)
  1-47. Airspace control area. An airspace control area is that airspace laterally defined by the boundaries
  that delineate the operational area. This airspace may include subareas. This airspace may entail an
  operational area and is a means of planning and dividing responsibility. While an operational area is in
  existence,airspacecontrolwithinthe operationalarea isdelegated accordingto JFCguidance,theairspace
  controlplan,andairspacecontrolorder.(RefertoJP 3-52formoreinformation.)
  1-48. Control and coordination measures. Control and coordination of forcible entry operations pose a
  difficultchallenge to all elementsofthe joint force. Inaddressing this challenge, the JFCs and appropriate
  commanders may employ various control and coordination measures that facilitate the execution of
  operationsand, atthe same time, protectthe force tothe greatestpossibledegree. These measuresinclude,
  but are not limited to, boundaries that circumscribe operational areas; control measures to facilitate joint
  force maneuver; fire support coordination measures (FSCMs); and airspace coordinating measures. (Refer
  toJP 3-52formoreinformation.)