text: Indirect Methods for Countering Insurgencies
  expelled or have broken into smaller groups, they must be prevented from reentering the area or
  reestablishing an organizational structure inside the area.
  10-43. Amnesty programs provide a means for members of an insurgency to stop fighting. The essential
  part of an amnesty program is that insurgents believe they will be treated well and protected from their
  former comrades’ potential reprisal. Thus, counterinsurgents must have detailed information operation
  plans to inform the insurgents about the program, to turn themselves in, and to support subsequent amnesty
  efforts. Pragmatism must be the first consideration of amnesty programs, not ideology or vendetta.
  Counterinsurgents also must have methods to protect the former insurgents. Incentives for disaffected
  insurgents or their supporters are important, especially modest monetary rewards.
  10-44. Turning former insurgents against their previous comrades can prove invaluable to
  counterinsurgency efforts. Former insurgents can provide vital information and even become valuable allies
  and combatants. However, information provided by a former insurgent must be evaluated and validated to
  prevent misinformation and deception. Incentives and a sense of fair treatment by counterinsurgents are
  vital to effective defector programs, which are also dependent on effective information operations so
  insurgents are aware of their options. Insurgents may be prone to defect when conflict has been prolonged,
  the broad population is weary of conflict, or if the insurgents have an uneven sense of purpose or drive.
  Defector knowledge of how the insurgents are led, organized, and operate can prove invaluable. This can
  include personality profiles of insurgent leaders, current communication procedures, plans, and tactics,
  techniques, and procedures. This detailed intelligence is difficult to gain without defector operations.
  10-45. The influence lines of operations include—
  * Information operations.
  * Military information support operations.
  * Military deception.
  * Cyber electromagnetic activities.
  * Engagement.
  * Stability operations.
  * Defense support to public diplomacy.
  * Negotiation and diplomacy.
  * Targeted strikes and raids.
  * Support to amnesty programs.
  REINTEGRATE
  10-46. The objective of reintegrating an insurgent is for the former insurgent to become a productive
  member of the society. Military forces, governmental organizations, NGOs from the international
  community, and the host nation must cooperate to plan and execute reintegration programs. Former
  insurgents must develop confidence in reintegration and the organizations charged with implementing it.
  To build this confidence, reintegration programs must be holistic and encompass efforts to restore the
  society, the government, and the economy at all levels.
  10-47. Reintegration programs should help protect and empower moderate insurgents from extremist
  influence and encourage them to not rejoin the insurgency. Programs must be tailored for each area and
  insurgency. They can include vocational, educational (especially reading and writing), and religious
  programs. The employment opportunities extended to former insurgents depend on an effectively governed,
  viable economy with an active market sector. If the reintegration process does not provide alternative
  economic opportunities to the former combatants, the likelihood of their return to violence substantially
  increases.
  10-48. Demobilization of insurgents normally involves the controlled discharge of active combatants from
  paramilitary groups, militias, and insurgent forces that have stopped fighting. Demobilization under these
  circumstances may include identifying and gathering ex-combatants for demobilization efforts.
  Demobilization involves deliberately dismantling insurgent organizations and belligerent group loyalties,
  replacing those with more appropriate group affiliations, and restoring the identity of former fighters as part