text: Engineer Support to Shape, Prevent, and DSCA
  have to coordinate with military police to enable the movement of civilians along routes or with CBRN
  elements to detect and identify potential CBRN threats and hazards along routes and other locations within
  the AO.
  Engineers must be familiar with the history of the AO, terrain, and conflict. The knowledge of threat
  doctrine, engineer methods, and engineer functions is critical. Engineers should consider patterns of obstacle
  employment—do they infer threat doctrinal employment? Not all threat forces or nonstate actors mark their
  minefields, and many non-first-world countries rely on improvised explosive devices or mark minefield
  locations and hazard areas unconventionally. Many nonstate actors lay mines and mark them with readily
  available materials rather than by formal marking methods or by adhering to any doctrine. These markings
  are generally used to warn their own troops and local civilians of the presence of mines. Friendly units
  operating in these threat environments must know and understand these markings.