text: _________________________________________________________________________________Chapter 9
  within certain timeframes, can have the net effect of not only destroying air-
  craft and their support facilities but also degrading enemy air operations. An
  additional payoff is the possible diversion of enemy forces from other areas to
  secure the facility.
  Participants
  9-56. Attacks on airfields and related facilities feature coordinated opera-
  tions by all available forces, and they are primarily not air defense units.
  Aviation, SSMs, artillery, or SPF can destroy air C2 facilities, aviation
  support facilities, and the enemy’s aircraft while they are still on the ground.
  When the enemy is operating from bases in or near State territory, the de-
  struction or degradation of these systems may be achieved through the use of
  raids and ambushes by regular ground forces, insurgents, or partisans.
  9-57. Disruption Forces. Typical targets for attack by all forces in the dis-
  ruption zone include enemy airfields and attack helicopter FARPs. The forces
  employed for such attacks consist almost exclusively of small units.
  9-58. When the OPFOR is forced to withdraw from an area, this may become
  a basing area for the enemy. In such cases, the OPFOR may leave behind
  a multiple rocket launcher (MRL) in a hide position. In other cases, it can
  infiltrate a single-round rocket launcher or single mortars to occupy hide
  positions near the target. The hides are situated in complex terrain,
  highly camouflaged, and dispersed over a wide area. Once given the order
  to execute, the firing systems work on a predetermined firing schedule issued as
  part of an overall plan.
  9-59. MRL system hides might contain only one system, which is loaded and
  ready to fire, with previously determined firing data set on the weapon.
  Crews manning the systems bivouac away from the system to keep it cold.
  Crews have communication capability but are kept on radio silence. When
  monitoring and acknowledging one-time orders to execute, they do so away
  from the system. Once given the order to execute, the firing systems work on
  a predetermined firing schedule issued as part of an overall plan. Each MRL
  may be assigned the mission of firing once. Firing occurs in a predetermined
  sequence separated by time. The net effect of this tactic is to destroy or
  damage facilities and/or aircraft on the ground and degrade the operating
  capability of support personnel. Munitions loads can be mixed dependent
  on the desired effect. They can include scatterable mines, delayed-fuzed
  munitions, high-explosive (HE), and chemical.
  9-60. This effort can be enhanced through the employment of single mortars
  and/or single-round rocket launchers. The weapon crews operating from pre-
  selected hides can move to firing positions where rounds are cached. Once
  laid in, the mortars can fire rounds in rapid succession at targets on the air-
  field and then move back to hides. Given range and terrain considerations,
  larger-caliber mortars (120-mm) can be used in conjunction with laser target
  designators to place rounds on point targets such as large aircraft, fuel stor-
  age and ammunition facilities, and hangers.
  9-61. Small SPF teams equipped with explosives or man-portable antitank
  guided missiles (ATGMs) can target aircraft on the ground, or air traffic con-
  trol or maintenance vehicles and facilities. SPF teams with shoulder-fired