text: Chapter 1
  are negotiated in ceasefire or peace accords. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programs are
  designed to remediate sources of instability. These programs facilitate achieving long-term peace, security,
  and development. Efforts focus on immediately managing people previously associated with armed forces
  and belligerent groups.
  1-106. Conceptually, disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programs transition from
  disarmament and demobilization to reintegration, but sequential progress is rare among all former warring
  factions. Disarmament is the voluntary collection and positive control of weapons, while demobilization is
  the formal disbanding of armed units and their support apparatus. Reintegration helps former combatants
  become productive members of society. Because of their significance to security sector reform,
  disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration efforts require a carefully crafted strategy that aligns
  funding, resources, organizations, and time available. This helps avoid stalled or haphazard programs that
  could lead former combatants to withdraw in frustration and distrust future efforts. Commanders implement
  programs as efficiently and effectively as possible. The success of disarmament, demobilization, and
  reintegration depends on integrating strategies and planning across all the sectors. These programs can set
  the foundation for safeguarding and sustaining communities in which former combatants live as
  contributing, law-abiding citizens. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration will not be effective
  until all major actors to the conflict participate in the peace agreement. However, minor, irreconcilable
  factions should not factor into the decision to proceed with disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration.
  1-107. Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration officials must seek ways to defray costs and
  extend their programs as long as possible with the resources given. Leaders aim to conduct efficient
  operations that provide the maximum benefit to the host nation, keeping in mind that most programs end
  when funding stops.
  1-108. Successful programs are rewarding for participants. Such programs provide certificates of
  completion along with certificates for education and vocational training. Many participants cherish this
  recognition. Additionally, forces host a graduation ceremony for successful completion of disarmament,
  demobilization, and reintegration. (For doctrine on disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration, see
  ADRP 3-07 and JP 3-07. See the DOS’s Lessons-Learned: Disarmament, Demobilization, and
  Reintegration (DDR) in Reconstruction and Stabilization Operations—A Guide for United States
  Government Planners for interagency perspectives.)
  Disarmament
  1-109. In the context of stability, disarmament is the collection, documentation, control, and disposal of
  small arms, ammunition, explosives, unexploded ordnance, and light and heavy weapons of former
  combatants. Disarmament does not extend to the citizenry, which possesses the inalienable right of self-
  defense. Because disarmament is a voluntary process, coercive techniques are counterproductive to the
  desired objectives of the disarmament programs. Accordingly, a comprehensive information campaign
  detailing collection points, dates for turning in weapons, ceremonies, and other pertinent information is
  essential. The host nation’s government must exploit every medium available to ensure the word spreads.
  However, it is counterproductive to offer money for weapons, since this can motivate individuals to turn in
  unserviceable and antiquated weapons. The military often provides security at collection points, but it
  should not participate directly in collection. For the irreconcilable factions, the host nation’s government
  should assume responsibility.
  Demobilization
  1-110. Demobilization is the process of transitioning a conflict or wartime military establishment and
  defense-based civilian economy to a peacetime configuration while maintaining national security and
  economic vitality (JP 4-05). Because demobilization is complex, organization of infrastructure,
  administrative and medical personnel, and the structured program for processing is paramount. While the
  government security forces can use existing camps, rebel forces cannot. Consequently, these disparate
  groups need separate temporary camps for effective demobilization. The demobilization process typically
  takes several days to complete properly. Numerous challenges confront this process: a weapons turn-in and
  storage point; the ability to in-process and verify statuses of the combatants; medical screening; segregated
  barracks and latrines for males, females, child soldiers, and families; accommodations for disabled