text: ADA Data and Communications Architecture
  are available that can interface with the link 16 waveform. It is a time division multiple access link where
  time slots are allocated to users by the network controller. Link 16 has its own protocol and uses the J-Series
  messages. It requires network preplanning.
  12-15. Link 16 has an enhancement to increase its range. The Joint Range Extension addresses the
  requirement to pass secure/anti-jam data and voice via common means in a timely manner, beyond line-of-
  sight, without the use of a dedicated airborne relay. Joint Range Extension is a gateway between existing link
  16-capable systems and satellite terminals, and can be used with other beyond line-of-sight media, such as
  landline-based networks. There are two major employment applications of the gateway: in-theater reachback
  and inter-zone connectivity. In-theater reachback is used to transmit the air surveillance and ballistic missile
  information from a forward area of a theater to a remote command center located beyond-line-of-sight of the
  forward link 16 elements. Inter-zone connectivity is used to transfer air surveillance and ballistic missile
  information between localized areas of a theater operation.
  LANDWARNET
  12-16. LandWarNet is the Army’s contribution to the global information grid. It consists of all globally
  interconnected, end-to-end Army information capabilities, associated processes, and personnel for collecting,
  processing, storing, disseminating, and managing information on demand supporting warfighters, policy
  makers, and support personnel. It includes all U.S. Army owned and leased and leveraged Department of
  Defense/joint communications and computing systems and services, software (including applications), data
  security services, and other associated services. LandWarNet exists to enable the war fight through C2. As
  the Army’s enterprise system of systems, LandWarNet moves information through a seamless network that
  facilitates information-enabled joint warfighting and supporting operations from the operational base to the
  individual Soldier. LandWarNet provides the Army’s enterprise networking capabilities that enable Soldiers,
  leaders, and units today and in the future to operate anytime, anywhere, and at every echelon as part of the
  joint force. However, the LandWarNet is in a state of continual improvement with capabilities being refined
  yearly.
  12-17. LandWarNet provides the construct for the Army’s transition to the future. LandWarNet enables
  voice, data, and video to the edge of tactical formations, ultimately pushing these capabilities to the Army’s
  modular brigades, battalions, and Soldiers. LandWarNet is the means to provide linkages between sensors,
  shooters, and leaders; seamless and secure interoperability; network services; and end-to-end connectivity
  throughout the enterprise.
  12-18. ADA units rely on supported organizations or Expeditionary Signal Brigades to provide connectivity
  to the Army backbone network for establishment and maintenance of common user networks, Department of
  Defense information network services, and integration of network transport and cyberspace support activities.
  In this chapter LandWarNet is addressed through two modes, radio frequency and internet protocol:
  * The radio frequency system most used in the tactical forces is SINCGARS. Almost every vehicle
  whose senior occupant is involved in engagement operations or directly supporting engagement
  operations has a SINCGARS radio. In many cases in the SHORAD mission, SINCGARS is the
  primary means of voice communications and also a means of data communications. SINCGARS
  operates in the very high frequency spectrum. Other radios used in ADA include the AN/PRC-
  117, Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (also known as EPLRS), the high frequency
  AN/VRC-104, as well as radios capable of linking through satellites.
  * LandWarNet supports an internet protocol-based system and, therefore, is able to send messages
  from anyone on the internet protocol network to anyone else on that network using routing
  conventions like those on the internet. The tactical implementation of this concept is more difficult
  than in the civilian world with its permanent supportive infrastructure. Internet protocol
  connectivity “to the edge” is a stated goal of LandWarNet.
  COMMUNICATIONS AND DATA ARCHITECTURE
  CONNECTIVITIES
  12-19. Figures 12-1 (on page 12-4) and 12-2 (on page 12-5) present the data and communications networks
  supporting ADA forces. Figure 12-1 primarily depicts joint and multinational elements, while figure 12-2 is