text: Chapter 1
  to providing technical capabilities to restore essential services, to providing infrastructure reconstruction and
  humanitarian relief, to showing U.S. commitment in the area of interest. Engineers must be familiar with
  fiscal policy, and they must have the ability to translate special operations requirements in terms that the
  supporting conventional forces can understand and execute.
  TACTICAL
  Engineer planners must determine the best methods to task-organize forces at the lowest level to
  support the maneuver of combat forces to win at the least cost. Engineer activities at the tactical level focus
  on support to the ordered arrangement and maneuver of forces—in relationship to each other and to the
  enemy—that are required to achieve combat objectives. At the same time, engineer support is critical to
  achieving necessary stability tasks.
  Tactical planning in the context of engineer support to operations translates to a primary focus on
  combat engineering tasks and planning done within tactical organizations. The senior engineer staff officer
  in the brigade is the primary planner at the tactical level. Engineer tactical planning is typically focused on
  maneuver support and sustainment support that are not addressed by the higher-echelon commander.
  Construction planning at the tactical level typically focuses on survivability tasks in support of the protection
  warfighting function and infrastructure development that are primarily in support of the sustainment
  warfighting functions. Engineer planners at the tactical level use the engineer assets provided by operational
  planners to support the tactical mission tasks assigned to the combat maneuver units they support. With the
  support of engineers, subordinate commanders ensure that engineering capabilities are effectively integrated
  into the scheme of maneuver and the performance of assigned tasks. Tactical missions are complex, and the
  planning staff must consider threat capabilities.
  Geospatial engineers provide unique graphical representations and terrain analysis that enable
  commanders to visualize the AO. Additionally, geospatial engineers provide SSGF, which serves as the
  geospatial background for the unit COP on all C2 systems. Engineer reconnaissance (tactical and technical)
  is a critical capability to the maneuver commander at the tactical level. At the tactical level, geospatial
  engineers collect the technical feature data (such as bridge, road, and tunnel dimensions) from reconnaissance
  elements within the supported unit, validate the data, and submit the data to a higher echelon for inclusion
  into the TGD. See ATP 3-34.80 and ATP 3-34.81 for additional information.
  Engineer support to special operation forces at this echelon has been allocated to provide engineer
  expertise across the engineer disciplines. Engineer units at this echelon should be prepared to provide an
  engineer LNO to be integrated into the receiving special operations forces headquarters. Engineer planners
  should be able to provide engineer support that is no different than the support provided to other
  organizations, with the exception that contingency and crisis action planning are the two primary
  methodologies used. At this level, planning and execution are decentralized. Engineer staff officers must plan
  for the right personnel and equipment package to conduct engineer operations in austere environments
  without extensive support until follow-on conventional forces arrive. Engineer organizations do not execute
  missions differently than they would for any other decisive action, but they do execute these missions with
  an emphasis on speed and resource ingenuity.
  CONSIDERATIONS FOR UNIFIED LAND OPERATIONS
  The Army operational concept is unified land operations. Unified land operations describes how the
  Army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage in
  sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations in order to
  prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution
  (ADP 3-0).
  Organic engineering capabilities in each of the BCTs provide close support to the maneuver of those
  forces. Based on a mission variable analysis, the BCTs task-organize with additional engineering capabilities
  to meet mission requirements. For the offense and defense, engineer augmentation may consist of additional
  combat engineering capabilities and an engineer battalion headquarters to provide the necessary C2 for the
  mix of engineer units and capabilities augmenting the BCT. Other, more technically specialized engineering
  capabilities support the BCT requirements related to the movement and maneuver, protection, and