text: Chapter 8
  ⚫ The execution of campaigns and effective tactical transitions between offensive, defensive, and
  stability operations.
  ⚫ Tactical actions that in some cases can have strategic impacts to an international audience.
  ⚫ Eventual negotiations, peace talks, and other political considerations.
  8-15. Successful large-scale combat operations defeat enemy-armed forces while establishing control over
  land and populations to achieve strategic and operational objectives. They may capitalize on superior military
  capability to quickly overwhelm a weaker enemy and consolidate gains as part of a rapid campaign. Large-
  scale combat operations against more capable enemy forces are likely to be of longer duration, lasting months
  or longer. When operating against a peer threat, commanders aggressively and simultaneously conduct
  offensive, defensive, and stability operations to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative. Army operations must
  orchestrate many simultaneous actions in the most demanding OEs. Figure 8-1 illustrates the scope,
  complexity, and lethal nature of large-scale combat operations.
  Figure 8-1. Large-scale combat operations (offensive action) (example)
  INTELLIGENCE CHALLENGE
  8-16. The fluid and chaotic nature of large-scale combat operations will cause the greatest degree of fog,
  friction, and stress on the intelligence warfighting function. Units must be prepared to fight for intelligence
  against enemy formations, a range of sophisticated threat capabilities, and many unknown conditions within
  the OE. The challenges to information collection include IADSs, long-range fires, counterreconnaissance,
  cyberspace and EW operations, and camouflage, concealment, and deception. The enemy’s ability to create
  a denied, disrupted, intermittent, and limited (DDIL) communications environment can have major impacts
  on intelligence support.
  8-17. Despite these challenges, commanders and staffs must have detailed knowledge of threat strengths,
  vulnerabilities, organizations, equipment, capabilities, and tactics to plan for and execute friendly operations.
  This is essential when determining how best to mitigate sophisticated threat A2 and AD systems, IADSs,
  deception, information warfare, EW operations, UAS swarms, robotics, and long-range fires capabilities.
  Additionally, there are many unique requirements to account for civil considerations and support sustainment
  operations and friendly activities within the various rear areas.