text: Army Space Operations Overview
  to enhance knowledge of the environment within the operational area. Unclassified commercial satellite
  imagery is especially useful during coalition operations since it is more easily approved for release to share
  with foreign militaries for enhanced mission operations.
  1-37. National Reconnaissance Office overhead systems (known as NOS)—formerly referred to as national
  technical means—are spaced-based sensors designed to collect data in order to support intelligence analysis.
  National Reconnaissance Office overhead systems provides timely and accurate geospatial intelligence and
  signals intelligence to national, strategic, operational, and tactical level requirements. Current and future
  planning, nodal placement, and capability development is led by the National Reconnaissance Office,
  intelligence community functional managers, and coordinated through the G-2 as the Army’s intelligence
  community element lead.
  1-38. Army TENCAP program. The Army TENCAP is a congressional mandate program responsible for
  understanding, influencing, and integrating current and emerging space-based national systems data into the
  tactical decision making process. It delivers unique capability as the Army’s lead activity to influence,
  leverage, and integrate the national intelligence enterprise to benefit the Army through various ground, air,
  and space capabilities.
  1-39. Geospatial Intelligence and Geospatial Engineering. Geospatial intelligence is a discipline that
  exploits and analyzes imagery and geospatial information to describe, assess, and visually depict physical
  features and geographically referenced locations on the Earth. Geospatial intelligence consists of imagery,
  imagery intelligence, and geospatial information. Geospatial engineers provide the capabilities and activities
  that contribute to a clear understanding of the physical environment by providing geospatial information and
  services to commanders and staffs. Both disciplines utilize remote sensing capabilities from space-based
  capabilities to perform their duties.
  1-40. At echelons above corps, geospatial intelligence reside at Military Intelligence Brigade–Theater and
  at reach back centers such as National Ground Intelligence Center. The Army’s National-to-Theater program
  leverages remote sensing data and imagery from ground, airborne, and spaced-based assets to provide timely,
  tailored ground-related geospatial intelligence data. These products, and services support the DOD, Army
  Service component commanders, their supported unified commands, subcomponent command, and the
  intelligence community. Geospatial engineering capabilities reside in the engineer brigade, or geospatial
  planning cell, with reach-back to the Army Geospatial Center. For more information on geospatial
  intelligence see ATP 2-22.7.
  1-41. At corps and below, local geospatial intelligence cells reside at the corps, divisions, brigade, special
  operations forces, special mission units, security force assistance brigades, and military intelligence brigades.
  The geospatial intelligence cells are co-located military intelligence and engineer personnel to synchronize
  efforts and improve support to the commander and staff.
  1-42. Signals intelligence is intelligence derived from communications, electronic, and foreign
  instrumentation signals (JP 2-0). Signals intelligence leverages spaced-based capabilities to provide unique
  intelligence information. It complements intelligence derived from other sources and is often used for cueing
  other sensors to potential targets of interest.
  1-43. Integrated broadcast service and common interactive broadcast. The integrated broadcast service and
  common interactive broadcast capabilities occur within Army Military Intelligence channels with mission
  partners.
  * Integrated broadcast service and common interactive broadcast are integrated dissemination
  systems which allow producers the means to disseminate strategic, operational, and tactical-level
  information to the warfighter via multiple transmission paths in accordance with consumer-
  generated dissemination priorities. These broadcast services are the DOD worldwide standard
  networks for transmitting time-sensitive tactical to strategic intelligence and targeting data to all
  echelons of Joint Service operational users. Users capture the valuable and unique characteristics
  of the broadcasts, update their situational awareness, and integrate their capabilities. The
  operational architecture promotes the integration and interoperability of joint, allied, and unified
  action forces and systems.
  * Common interactive broadcast is a robust multi-sensor, multi-source intelligence exploitation
  capability. It is a set of approved ultrahigh frequency SATCOM military standards which support