text: Chapter 2
  CHALLENGES
  2-3. While the overwhelming majority of operations conducted by Army forces occur either below the
  threshold of armed conflict or during limited contingencies, the focus of Army readiness is large-scale combat
  operations. Large-scale combat against peer threats poses the most demanding and dangerous challenges that
  Army forces must be prepared to overcome.
  2-4. Peer threats employ robust surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities with global reach and
  long-range precision fires enabled by networks that make them adaptive and resilient against traditional
  attacks against attacks in one domain or against a single decisive point. These integrated fires complexes and
  integrated air defense systems enable peer threats to employ standoff approaches that contest the joint force
  in all five domains-land, maritime, air, space, and cyberspace.
  2-5. Peer threats combine their standoff approaches with other advantages that increase risk to the joint
  force. Peer threats will likely begin conflicts with the initiative because it is their aggression that will require
  the joint force to respond. Peer threats will likely possess significant numerical and firepower advantages.
  They will operate on shorter lines of communications than U.S. forces, and they will have better
  understanding of the terrain and populations in the region.
  2-6. Defeating threat standoff approaches during armed
  conflict requires Army forces to take advantage of the The challenge for Army forces will be to
  mutually supporting relationships between capabilities from fight and win while outnumbered and
  all domains during joint operations. Army forces achieve isolated.
  objectives on land to enable joint force and require joint force
  capabilities to enable Army operations on land to defeat enemy integrated air defense systems and integrated
  fires complexes.
  2-7. Overall, enemy actions will attempt to fix U.S. forces, isolate them, and then target them for
  destruction. Enemy forces may employ tactical nuclear weapons, and they may contaminate environments
  with other chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear effects. Army forces must be able to build combat
  power and conduct operations while at risk to enemy fires and maneuver forces. Enemy standoff approaches
  challenge Army forces’ ability to preserve combat power and extend operational reach necessary to
  accomplish their mission. This requires Army forces to operate dispersed, defeat enemy sensors and fires
  systems, employ cover, concealment, and camouflage, and mask electromagnetic signatures while sustaining
  tempo and expanding the depth of operations.
  2-8. Peer threats will continue to employ information warfare to erode U.S. and allied will to pursue policy
  objectives. During competition they will exploit alliances and international laws through aggressive and
  malign behavior that tests the limits that would cause the U.S. to employ the joint force in armed conflict.
  Peer threats will create uncertain conditions intended to escalate lethality in a way that they can twist into
  disinformation. During armed conflict, they will exploit U.S. adherence to the law of war and rules of
  engagement in ways that disadvantage Army forces in tactical situations. In all of these cases, Army forces
  must maintain discipline and understand that their conduct during operations is critical to the long-term
  success of the Army and the national interests it supports.
  MULTIDOMAIN OPERATIONS
  2-9. The Army’s operational concept is multidomain operations. Multidomain operationsare the combined
  arms employment of joint and Army capabilities to create and exploit relative advantages to achieve
  objectives, defeat enemy forces, and consolidate gains on behalf of joint force commanders (FM 3-0).
  2-10. Multidomain operations are how Army forces enable and operate as part of the joint force against
  threats able to contest it in all domains. Army forces,enabled by joint capabilities, attack enemy forces and
  protect friendly forces through all domains. Army forces provide the resilient land power necessary to defeat
  threat standoff approaches and achieve joint force objectives. The synchronized employment of joint and
  Army capabilities integrated across echelons in a combined arms approach is essential to defeating threats
  able to contest friendly forces in all domains. Leaders assess what capabilities are required and account for
  all available capabilities at the beginning of planning to create complementary and reinforcing physical,
  information, and human effects throughout the depth of their assigned area of operations. JAG Corps