text: Chapter 5
  DIVISION TACTICAL HEADQUARTERS
  5-5. The division is organized, trained, and equipped to command between two and five BCTs in combat
  as well as support the BCTs with a mix of functional and multifunctional brigades and other enablers. A
  division headquarters may command any mix of armored, infantry, and Stryker BCTs, as well as joint and
  multinational land forces. Divisions employ BCTs to conduct operations in the close fight against enemy
  formations. Divisions conduct deep operations against an enemy to set conditions for success in the current
  and future close fights. They synchronize and coordinate rear operations to maintain tempo and operational
  reach for the division.
  5-6. A division’s core functions as a tactical headquarters are—
  * Task-organizing, employing, integrating, and synchronizing brigades and battalions.
  * Training and preparing for large-scale combat operations.
  * Conducting shaping operations in the division AO.
  * Massing effects at decisive points.
  * Employing joint capabilities.
  * Assuming directed Army, joint, and multinational authorities and responsibilities.
  5-7. When serving as a tactical formation, divisions conduct battles and engagements as part of a larger
  campaign under the control of a corps. Engagements typically last from less than an hour up to 48 hours,
  while battles (a series of engagements) can last from less than a day to seven days. In large-scale combat
  operations, these engagements and battles are likely to occur against large, well-trained, and heavily armed
  enemy conventional forces operating in concert with unconventional forces. A division commander employs
  BCTs with aviation, fires, intelligence, and joint capabilities as part of a combined arms approach during
  operations. Joint capabilities coordinated through the corps are enablers for the division, allowing the division
  commander to shape conditions for subordinate brigades and weight the decisive operation or main effort. A
  division commander conveys requirements for joint shaping through the corps commander while limiting
  most division shaping efforts to those things affecting close operations.
  5-8. The division commander translates the division’s higher echelon headquarters’ operational objectives
  into tactical tasks assigned to subordinate brigades and other supporting units. Divisions plan combined arms
  operations, direct and coordinate BCT maneuver, use fires to exploit maneuver, and make coordinated use
  of all subordinate units. The division commander focuses on the current operation and potential branches to
  the current operation while visualizing the concept of operations for the next tactical phase (sequels). The
  division commander continuously allocates and re-allocates combat power under division control to support
  its brigades during phases of an operation and when conditions change. Planning horizons for the division
  are shorter than those for the corps, cycling, as necessary, within the longer campaign horizons of the corps.
  5-9. While the corps commander develops operations informed by estimates of operational reach, the
  division commander develops operational approaches informed by calculations related to mutual support,
  supporting range, and supporting distance. The division commander also carefully monitors the endurance
  of subordinate brigades in terms of days and hours until their organic sustainment units require replenishment.
  The tempo of operations becomes as important as the distance between the division’s brigades and supporting
  sustainment elements; these factors determine the relative endurance of the division.
  DIVISION AS ARFOR
  5-10. In limited contingencies, or when a division is the joint force land component, the Army division
  becomes the ARFOR. As the ARFOR, the division retains OPCON of all Army forces not subordinated to
  another component of the JTF. To function effectively as both a joint force land component and an ARFOR,
  a division headquarters requires additional sustainment support. The theater sustainment command normally
  operates in general support-reinforcing to a division acting as the ARFOR. This enables the division to
  oversee logistics and administrative support to all Army forces, while also providing logistics support to other
  Services and multinational units. Without augmentation, the ARFOR responsibilities for sustainment degrade
  the operational focus of the division. If the tactical situation permits, the division headquarters and
  expeditionary sustainment command co-locate to closely integrate operations and sustainment.