text: The Targeting Process
  Engagement Considerations
  2-49. The engagement of targets must satisfy the targeting guidance developed in the decide phase and be
  integrated with the friendly scheme of maneuver. The plan for target engagement is typically developed via
  the targeting working group and presented for approval in the targeting board. Target engagement requires
  several decisions and actions. These considerations fall into two categories: tactical and technical.
  2-50. Tactical considerations:
  * Time of the engagement.
  * Desired effect, degree of damage, or both.
  * Capability to use for engagement.
  * Potential for collateral damage.
  2-51. Technical considerations:
  * Number, type, and duration of effect (munition/payload/action).
  * Unit/agency/organization to conduct the engagement.
  Tactical Considerations
  2-52. Tactical considerations include the time of engagement, desired effects, capabilities, and collateral
  damage. These considerations are described in the following paragraphs.
  Time of Engagement
  2-53. The time of engagement is determined according to the type of target: planned target or target of
  opportunity. Time of engagement is a critical consideration when synchronizing multiple capabilities to
  create desired effects on the target. The targeting team must be conscious of each decision and the second
  and third order of effects created.
  Desired Effects
  2-54. The desired effects to be created from targeting efforts are critical elements of the commander targeting
  guidance. Desired effects should result in measurable and observable changes in the OE to enable assessment
  for follow on actions. A complete list can be found in appendix C.
  2-55. A trained observer or analyst is required to properly assess effects. It is important that each target has
  a primary and alternate observer. Each observer must understand the desired effects to include when and for
  how long they are required.
  Capabilities
  2-56. The next consideration is the selection of the appropriate delivery mechanism. For planned targets, this
  decision is made during the decide function of the targeting process. A check must be made to ensure that
  the selected target engagement capability is still available and can conduct the engagement. If not, the
  targeting working group must determine the best delivery mechanism available to engage the target.
  2-57. Weaponeering is a key part of determining the appropriate method of engagement. Weaponeering is
  the process of determining the specific means required to create a desired effect on a given target (JP 3-60).
  Weaponeering also considers such things as enemy actions (the effects of actions and countermeasures),
  munition delivery errors and accuracy, damage mechanism and criteria, probability of kill, weapon reliability,
  and trajectory. The commander's intent and end state, desired effects, tasks, and guidance provide the basis
  for weaponeering assessment activities. Targeting personnel quantify the expected results of fires against
  prioritized targets to produce desired effects. Since time constraints may preclude calculations of potential
  effects against all targets, calculations should proceed in a prioritized fashion that mirrors the HPTL.
  2-58. The weaponeering process, across all domains, is achieved through multiple approaches. The use of
  the Joint Munition Effectiveness Manual Weaponeering Software (referred to as JWS) is the automated
  system for employment of lethal munitions. Information capabilities such as Space, Cyber, special technical
  operations (referred to as STO), and CEMA have structured procedures (access, placement, resources, and