text: Nutritional Readiness
  come from carbohydrate, 30–35 percent from fat, and 10–20 percent from protein, high carbohydrate snacks
  should be eaten between meals. Both fat and carbohydrate are important energy sources in a cold
  environment. A high protein diet is not advised as it may increase fluid requirements.
  8-73. Missions in cold weather require foods that produce heat. Foods high in carbohydrate produce more
  heat through digestion than either fat or protein. Hot beverages, such as cocoa, provide carbohydrate and
  other warm beverages, to include coffee, teas, and broth, increase body temperature, enhance mental
  awareness and provide comfort.
  Glycogen Stores
  8-74. Prior to deploying to a cold environment, the pre-mission diet should ensure that glycogen stores are
  optimized. Likewise, a high carbohydrate diet is preferred during cold exposure, as carbohydrates are needed
  to replenish glycogen being used to maintain core temperature. A minimum of 400 grams of carbohydrate
  are necessary in the cold. Thus, Soldiers should eat regular meals and snacks providing carbohydrate to
  maintain carbohydrate intake. Including a liquid or solid carbohydrate supplement may be critical for
  maintaining energy balance and performance.
  Fluid Status
  8-75. Becoming dehydrated in cold environments is easy because of the cold-induced increases in urine
  output, increased fluid losses through breathing, involuntary reduction in fluid intake, and sweating. Because
  dehydration decreases performance and potentially may lead to various medical problems, maintaining fluid
  status by drinking plenty of fluids and monitoring hydration is absolutely critical. Table 8-4 provides tips for
  maintaining fluid status in cold environments.
  Table 8-4. Tips for maintaining fluid status
  Force yourself to drink 480–960 mL (16–32 ounces) of warm fluid at hourly intervals (240–480 mL or
  8–16 ounces per 30 minutes).
  Avoid alcoholic beverages: alcohol tends to increase heat and urine losses.
  Drink beverages with CHO to increase energy intake (5-8% CHO and some electrolytes is best).
  Do not eat snow without first melting and purifying it.
  Moderate caffeine consumption.
  CHO carbohydrate mL milliliter
  Vitamin and Mineral Needs
  8-76. The requirements for some vitamins and minerals increase when working in the cold due to increases
  in energy metabolism and urinary losses. The amount of daily vitamin and mineral needs may increase during
  cold weather operations. In most cases, Soldiers can meet energy requirements and vitamin and mineral needs
  by eating all ration components.
  NUTRITION FOR MISSIONS AT HIGH ALTITUDE
  8-77. High altitude missions, to include flying, can cause bodily distress. Adequate nutrition is crucial for
  maintaining performance. The major nutritional concerns at high altitude are—
  * Weight loss.
  * Carbohydrate intake.
  * Dehydration.
  * Oxidative stress.
  8-78. Virtually all people who perform at high altitudes experience weight loss and loss of lean body mass.
  At altitudes below 5,000 meters, Soldiers can prevent weight loss by vigilantly eating on a regular basis.
  Above 5,000 meters, a 5–10 percent weight loss is inevitable. The only way to minimize weight loss is by
  being vigilant about maintaining energy intake. Energy intakes should range from 3,500–6,000 calories per
  day, which is equivalent to eating at least four Meals, Ready-to-Eat (known as MREs) or two high-calorie