text: *FM 3-98
  Field Manual Headquarters
  No. 3-98 Department of the Army
  Washington, D.C., 10 January 2023
  RECONNAISSANCE AND SECURITY OPERATIONS
  Contents
  Page
  PREFACE................................................................................................................... vii
  INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... ix
  Chapter 1 CAVALRY ORGANIZATIONS AND THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT .......... 1-1
  Section I – Operational Overview .......................................................................... 1-1
  Historical Roles of Cavalry Units ............................................................................... 1-1
  Current Role .............................................................................................................. 1-3
  Section II – Understanding the Operational Environment .................................. 1-6
  Section III – Shape the Operational Environment ................................................ 1-7
  Section IV – Cavalry Employment in Large Scale Combat Operations ......................... 1-8
  BCT Planning Considerations for the Cavalry Units ................................................. 1-9
  General Employment of Cavalry Units .................................................................... 1-10
  Brigade Operations Officer and Squadron Employment ........................................... 1-11
  Section V – Organizations .................................................................................... 1-18
  Brigade Combat Team ............................................................................................ 1-18
  Cavalry Squadrons .................................................................................................. 1-21
  Air Cavalry Squadron .............................................................................................. 1-21
  Air Cavalry Troop ..................................................................................................... 1-22
  Cavalry Troops ........................................................................................................ 1-22
  Armored Company .................................................................................................. 1-24
  Weapons Troop ....................................................................................................... 1-24
  Scout Platoon .......................................................................................................... 1-25
  CBRN Reconnaissance and Surveillance Platoon .................................................. 1-25
  Chapter 2 THREATS .................................................................................................................. 2-1
  Section I − Understanding the Threat.................................................................... 2-1
  Irregular Forces ......................................................................................................... 2-2
  State and Nonstate Threats....................................................................................... 2-3
  Section II − Threat Capabilities, Tactics, and Techniques .................................. 2-4
  Physical Dimension ................................................................................................... 2-5
  Cognitive and Informational Dimension ..................................................................... 2-5
  Countering Adaptations and Retaining the Initiative ................................................. 2-5
  Section III − Reconnaissance Disruption, Tactics, and Techniques ...................... 2-5
  Overview Enemy Reconnaissance and Security Operations ............................................. 2-7
  Counterreconnaissance ............................................................................................. 2-7
  DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
  *This publication supersedes FM 3-98, dated 1 July 2015.