text: Operational Environment Overview
  by an adversary or enemy, a commander can ensure command and control and maintain tactical and operational
  surprise. Conversely, a commander might use cyberspace and EW capabilities to slow or degrade an enemy’s
  decision-making processes by disrupting enemy sensors, communications, or data processing. To make
  effective use of cyberspace and EW capabilities to achieve an information advantage, a commander must plan
  early to integrate cyberspace operations and EW actions fully into the overall scheme of maneuver.
  CYBERSPACE DOMAIN
  1-21. Cyberspace is a global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent
  networks of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet,
  telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers (JP 3-12).
  Cyberspace operations require the use of links and nodes located in other physical domains to perform logical
  functions that create effects in cyberspace that then permeate throughout the physical domains using both wired
  networks and the EMS.
  1-22. The use of cyberspace is essential to operations. The Army conducts cyberspace operations and
  supporting activities as part of both Army and joint operations. Because cyberspace is a global communications
  and data-sharing medium, it is inherently joint, inter-organizational, multinational, and often a shared resource,
  with signal and intelligence maintaining significant equities. Friendly, enemy, adversary, and host-nation
  networks, communications systems, computers, cellular phone systems, social media websites, and technical
  infrastructures are all part of cyberspace.
  1-23. To aid the planning and execution of cyberspace operations, cyberspace is sometimes visualized in
  three layers. These layers are interdependent, but each layer has unique attributes that affect operations.
  Cyberspace operations generally traverse all three layers of cyberspace but may target effects at one or more
  specific layers. Planners must consider the challenges and opportunities presented by each layer of cyberspace
  as well as the interactions amongst the layers. Figure 1-2 on page 1-6 depicts the relationship between the three
  cyberspace layers. The three cyberspace layers are—
  * The physical network layer.
  * The logical network layer.
  * The cyber-persona layer.