text: Stability Tasks in Military Operations
  programs that will facilitate the host nation to perform stability tasks and eventually sustain its own
  security. The host nation needs to sufficiently size, resource, organize, train, and equip its forces to meet its
  own standards (or internationally accepted standards) of security for its people. Successful security force
  assistance depends on thorough and continuous assessment. It includes the organizing, training, equipping,
  rebuilding, and advising of the forces involved. (Security force assistance is further discussed in FM 3-22
  and JP 3-22.)
  Military Forces
  1-93. Military forces conducting security force assistance develop host-nation military forces for the
  primary purpose of countering external threats. The design of host-nation military forces develops from
  analyzing external threats to the host nation and determining the capabilities required to counter such
  threats. Other key military missions include providing humanitarian assistance, and in special cases,
  countering certain types of internal military threats. External organizations executing security sector reform
  and the individuals assigned to them are selected for their specific abilities to train and advise the
  developing force. For example, military police should help develop military police forces. This provides for
  appropriate development of expertise while facilitating the advising process.
  Justice and Law Enforcement Forces
  1-94. An effective and accountable justice system and supporting law enforcement (especially police)
  forces are central to a legitimate security framework. Although the military may be involved initially in
  developing the justice and law enforcement forces, other agencies should assume this task as soon as
  possible. Qualified, professional justice sector and police trainers support an improved advising process and
  ensure sustainable development with appropriate civilian oversight. Their expertise ensures an appropriate
  delineation of roles and responsibilities between military forces and law enforcement sectors. In policing,
  development of organizational substructure—supervision, process, policy, internal governance, planning,
  and budgeting—is vital to the long-term sustainability of reform efforts. (Further discussion on justice and
  law enforcement forces reform is found in JP 3-07.)
  Law Enforcement
  1-95. The Foreign Assistance Act specifically prohibits assistance to foreign police forces by DOD unless
  a Presidential directive provides specific exceptions. When providing assistance to training, the DOS’s
  Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs takes the lead in police assistance. The
  President, however, may delegate this role to other agencies. For example, in 2004, President George W.
  Bush signed a decision directive granting the Commander, United States Central Command authority to
  train and equip the Iraqi police.
  1-96. When given the appropriate authority, Army military police support the criminal justice system
  reform through their law enforcement capabilities. Throughout the joint operational phases—shape, deter,
  seize the initiative, dominate, stabilize, and enable civil authority—professional military police units can
  support host-nation police organizations through partnership and mentorship programs. When criminal
  justice system reform, specifically the law enforcement activity, has broken down within a society, the
  military police may initially support efforts to assist in recruiting, training, and equipping host-nation police
  organizations to build force capability and capacity.
  1-97. Following an intervention in a failed or fragile state, an effective police force may not exist. With the
  local security environment in disarray, international police trainers and advisors often cannot safely deploy
  into the area. Military forces may be required to take the lead in restoring and maintaining order—through
  clearing and holding operations—until enough civilian police partners arrive to initiate that component of
  security sector reform. When few military forces exist, counterinsurgency strategies require systematically
  creating secured zones before establishing local police in insurgent enclaves. While conventional military
  forces may be capable of providing immediate security from armed threats, they are not effective trainers of
  policing skills. Nor are they appropriate providers of police services to local communities unless they act as
  an occupying force under the provisions of the law of land warfare. Formed police units trained in stability
  policing skills are appropriate to perform these functions. Initial planning for failed state interventions
  should plan to incorporate such forces at the earliest opportunity. Typically, military police assist in