text: FM 7-100.1________________________________________________________________________________
  and information systems to innovative and flexible penetration, disruption, or
  distortion techniques. OPFOR information attackers (cyber attackers) learn from
  and expand upon these methods.
  5-49. IA offers a powerful tool for the OPFOR. For example, an information
  attacker may target an information system for sabotage (electronically or
  physically) or manipulate and exploit information. This may involve altering
  data, stealing data, or forcing a system to perform a function for which it was
  not intended, such as spoofing the air traffic control grid.
  5-50. Likely targets for an IA are information residing in the critical in-
  frastructures of an opponent: telecommunications links and switches, com-
  mercial infrastructures, and economic infrastructures. The OPFOR will at-
  tempt to manipulate, control, or monitor data and information that are criti-
  cal for the infrastructures.
  TOOLS AND TARGETS
  5-51. Tools for waging IW can include conventional physical and electronic
  destruction means, malicious software, denial-of-service attacks, news agen-
  cies, television, radio, the Internet, traditional print media, communication
  networks, and diplomatic activities and well as various types of reconnaissance,
  espionage, and eavesdropping technologies. The OPFOR can employ IW tools
  from both civilian and military sources and assets of third-party sources.
  5-52. The OPFOR sees the targets of IW as decision makers, weapons and
  hardware, an opponent’s critical information infrastructure, C2 system, in-
  formation and telecommunications systems, and C2 centers and nodes. An
  adversary’s national communications media are also among the important
  targets in an OPFOR IA. Information links, such as transmitters, communi-
  cation devices, and protocols, will be targeted. These targets may be more
  susceptible to precision fires and more traditional forms of attack based on
  EW. However, the OPFOR is extremely adaptive and will employ the best op-
  tion available to degrade or destroy an information link.
  STRATEGIC IW
  5-53. Strategic information warfare (SIW) is the synergistic effort of the
  State to control or manipulate information events in the strategic environ-
  ment, be they political, economic, military, or diplomatic in nature. Specifi-
  cally, the State defines SIW as any attack (digital, physical, or cognitive)
  against the information base of an adversarial nation’s critical infrastructures.
  The ultimate goal of SIW is strategic disruption and damage to the overall
  strength of the opponent. This disruption also focuses on the shaping of foreign
  decision makers’ actions to support the State’s strategic objectives and goals.
  5-54. The National Command Authority (NCA) is responsible for determining
  and articulating the State’s strategic goals. The Strategic Integration De-
  partment (SID) then develops a strategic information warfare plan (SIWP) to
  support the national security strategy. The SID has a special Strategic In-
  formation Warfare Planning Office (SIWPO) dedicated to reviewing and
  integrating information-related plans of all State ministries, both military
  and civilian. The SIWPO can directly task information- or IW-related