text: Considerations to Achieve Unity of Effort
  3-147. Civil affairs personnel help the commander understand and visualize the civil component of the
  operational area. They provide detailed analysis based on careful consideration of operational and mission
  variables. This analysis helps determine the following within the supported unit’s operational area:
  * The root causes of instability and civil strife.
  * The requirement for CMOCs to facilitate communications and coordinate with civilian agencies
  and organizations.
  * The need to use liaison teams to enhance communications and coordination with civilian
  agencies and organizations to facilitate operations at all echelons.
  * What, when, where, and why civilians might be encountered; what ongoing or planned military
  operations might affect the activities of those civilians; what activities those civilians are
  engaged in that might affect military operations; and what actions the military force must take to
  mitigate the effects of those civilians.
  * Measures of performance and measures of effectiveness for civil affairs operations to support the
  larger military operation.
  Civil-Military Operations Center
  3-148. Stability missions often require an established CMOC. A CMOC can facilitate information sharing
  and coordination between Army units and other partners, including the host-nation population and its
  institutions, such as police forces. Different echelons may establish their own CMOCs. A CMOC supports
  Army units as an agency to improve understanding and facilitate remedial action regarding civilian
  vulnerabilities and stability needs. All Army civil affairs units are organized and equipped to establish a
  CMOC. A CMOC is tailored to the specific tasks associated with the mission and normally augmented by
  assets such as engineers, medical, and transportation. It can be an accessible location for civilians to file
  reports or claims. It can serve as a coordination center for civilian and police organizations whose activities
  are vital for stability.
  WORKING WITH NONGOVERNMENTAL HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS
  3-149. Organizations that deliver humanitarian assistance are diverse. They include UN agencies and
  international and local NGOs, each its own governing and accountability structure. Adherence to
  humanitarian principles, established codes of conduct, and civil-military guidelines vary. Moreover, many
  organizations can provide short-term humanitarian relief and long-term recovery and development
  assistance that often contributes to the sustainability of a host nation.
  3-150. In addition to providing goods and services (for example, clean water, sanitation, food, and
  shelter), some humanitarian actors also provide protection programming such as human rights education,
  local conflict mediation and trust building, and monitoring, reporting and advocacy on the situation.
  Programming may be limited to ensuring that the provision of essential services does not create or
  exacerbate harm to civilians. Contributing to conditions that allow for the delivery of humanitarian
  assistance can support these humanitarian protection activities. In some contexts, political and armed actors
  may not accept humanitarian protection activities as neutral and impartial. Consequently, they may
  challenge or even target humanitarian workers. Commanders consider these variables when deciding how
  best to contribute to conditions enabling the provision of humanitarian assistance.
  3-151. Some humanitarian actors have strong concerns about remaining neutral and independent to gain
  or retain access to communities in need. The ability of humanitarian organizations to operate according to
  their mandates, charters, and principles is sometimes known as humanitarian space. The common interests
  of humanitarian organizations include—
  * Security of humanitarian workers.
  * Mutual access between humanitarian workers and beneficiaries.
  * The ability of humanitarian workers to interact with nonstate armed actors.
  * Perceptions of humanitarian actors among beneficiaries and other actors.
  * Humanitarian advocacy.