text: Chapter 3
  * Establish the communications priorities, primary, alternate, contingency and emergency (PACE)
  plan.
  * C2 (CPs, people, processes, and networks) is redundant where possible.
  * FS personnel are well trained and proficient with analog and digital systems, and training must be
  continuous. Ensure unit digital sustainment training is planned, resourced, and emphasized at
  command levels.
  * Develop and utilize a detailed digital standard operating procedure (SOP).
  * FS meteorology, survey, and communications are accurate, redundant, and timely.
  * Request additional communications support if needed.
  SECTION II – PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES
  3-13. As discussed in chapter 2, processes and procedures are a component of the overall C2 system. The
  primary FS processes are targeting, FS planning and coordination, and the MDMP process. It is important to
  understand that all these processes occur continuously and simultaneously with the overall operations process
  (see table 3-1 on page 3-13). Two critical FS procedures that all FS planners must understand and integrate
  into the operations process are SEAD and counterfire. Since these are so critical, they are described up front
  in this section. For more detail on SEAD refer to JP 3-01. For more information on counterfire see ATP 3-
  09.12.
  SUPPRESSION OF ENEMY AIR DEFENSES
  3-14. Army SEAD operations are designed to support operational and tactical plans by protecting Army
  aviation assets near the forward line of own troops (FLOT) or during cross-FLOT operations. SEAD also
  includes the protection of air component aircraft (such as CAS aircraft) supporting the ground commander's
  operation. The basic principle of Army SEAD operations is see-kill. This means that enemy air defense
  systems are attacked immediately upon detection, consistent with the commander's intent and the best
  application of resources. SEAD fire planning can be conducted and coordinated at division level or higher
  and may involve other services. For more information on countering air and missile threats see JP 3-01.
  TARGETING AND SYNCHRONIZATION
  3-15. The targeting process for SEAD is the same as for any other target set: it is conducted within the
  intelligence preparation of the operational environment (IPOE) framework; it leverages the decide, detect,
  deliver, and assess process; and it must support the four FS functions identified in CH 1. The synchronization
  of SEAD is even more critical and difficult than the synchronization of FS for ground maneuver forces
  because of the time sensitivity of air operations. The responsibilities for SEAD targeting and synchronization
  run across the corps and division staff sections and are directed through the FSE. The FSCOORD manages
  and directs the corps or division SEAD effort.
  3-16. SEAD objectives are specified by the JFC, who will consider the unique capabilities of each component
  to contribute to counterair operations. Counterair is a mission at the theater level that integrates offensive
  and defensive operations to attain and maintain a desired degree of control of the air and protection by
  neutralizing or destroying enemy aircraft and missiles, both before and after launch (JP 3-01). Traditionally,
  there are three categories of SEAD (AO-/joint operations area-wide joint air defense system suppression,
  localized suppression, and opportune suppression), each of which reduces friendly attrition from an
  adversary's air defense system and creates more favorable conditions for friendly air operations. For each
  category, there are two means of executing SEAD, destructive and disruptive.
  AIR COMPONENT CAPABILITIES
  3-17. SEAD assets are often used in conjunction with other air operations such as AI, offensive counterair,
  attack operations, and airborne operations when surface air defenses are a factor. Specially trained aircrew
  and specially equipped aircraft are designed for SEAD missions, especially against an enemy integrated air
  defense system (IADS). SEAD dedicated aircraft are normally equipped with special electronic detection and
  EA equipment capabilities (directed energy, antiradiation missiles, electromagnetic jamming, flares, chaff,