text: Chapter 4
  Figure 4-3. Reconnaissance and surveillance elements.
  4-79. Before executing an area reconnaissance, the team develops a detailed plan using all available
  information. They conduct this mission the same as they would a surveillance mission. First, the leader
  pinpoints the reconnaissance objective or NAI, and second, he locates the best vantage points for a static
  surveillance. The best static surveillance techniques include—
  Long-Range Observation and Surveillance
  4-80. Long-range observation and surveillance means "the observation of an objective from a point"
  (an observation post [OP]). The OP is normally outside enemy small-arms weapons range and local
  security measures. The LRS team can use this technique whenever METT-TC lets them gather
  information from a distance. It is the best way to conduct an area reconnaissance, because the team
  remains far enough away to avoid detection. Using this technique also keeps the team's no-fire or
  restricted fire area from overlapping with the objective area. When the reconnaissance team cannot
  gather information from one OP, they can move to a series of OPs until they gather the required
  information. Observation posts require adequate cover and concealment and a good view of the
  objective. Routes between and from OPs to the hide site or RP also require cover and concealment.
  Short-Range Observation and Surveillance
  4-81. Short-range observation and surveillance is "the observation of an objective from a place that is
  within the range of enemy small-arms weapons fire and local security measures."
  • Short-range observation works best when METT-TC requires a close approach to the objective
  to gain information.
  • The reconnaissance teams can conduct short-range observation and surveillance from OPs, but
  they must usually move near the objective before they can find a place where they can observe.
  In some cases, the teams may gather information by listening, even though they cannot see
  the enemy.