text: Chapter 8
  AIRSPACE DEVELOPMENT
  8-28. When developing a course of action, the ground maneuver unit should plan an air axis of advance.
  This provides the general concept to the aviation planners who further refine it into routes with enough
  guidance to determine the direction from which the commander wants to approach. Do not submit the
  developedaxisofadvancetothehigherheadquartersairspacecontrolelement.
  AIRROUTEPLANNING
  8-29. Upon receipt of the course of action, the aviation liaison officer plans the air routes within the air
  axisofadvance.Theaviationunitnormallyplansmultiplerouteswithintheaxisofadvancesincethethreat
  air defense disposition may not be clear. The air defense airspace management/brigade aviation element
  (ADAM/BAE) should assist in route planning, but the supporting aviation unit is responsible for
  completingtheroutesandsubmittingthemtothehigherheadquartersairspacecontrolelementforinclusion
  ontheairspacecontrolorder.
  RESTRICTEDOPERATIONSZONEPLANNING
  8-30. Any unit with organic unmanned aircraft system (UAS) is responsible for planning their own
  restricted operations zones for unmanned aircraft launch and recovery. All elements operating UAS in a
  BCT submit their request through the ADAM/BAE for deconfliction before submitting it to the higher
  headquartersairspacecontrolelement.
  8-31. UASlaunchandrecoveryrestrictedoperationszonestypicallyshouldbethreekilometersinradiusor
  surface to coordinating altitude, but may be tailored to meet operational requirements. Due to their size,
  unmanned aircraft launch and recoveryrestricted operations zones should notbe planned near indirect fire
  units,supportingaviationunitassemblyareas,orforwardarmingandrefuelingpoints(FARPs)ifpossible.
  8-32. The supporting combat aviation brigade submits restricted operations zone locations for mission
  command and air medical evacuation aircraft to the higher headquarters airspace control element. Mission
  command and air medical evacuation aircraft restricted operation zones should be at least three by three
  kilometers in size. The combat aviation brigade plans both a primary and alternate restricted operations
  zones for eachaircraft. Thisenablescontrolofthe operationas it moves forward and provides a restricted
  operations zone, if needed, for the higher headquarters mobile command group. Fire support units can
  utilize restricted operations zones to assist in deconflicting airspace between firing locations and target
  locations.
  8-33. Special consideration should be given to planned employment of an organic UAS near a landing
  zone. If required due to the tactical mission, small-UAS should be clearly separated by a defined terrain
  featurefromthelandingzone area,andtheapproachandexitroutesofaircraft.
  METHODSTODECONFLICTONTHEOBJECTIVEAREA
  8-34. Three possible methods to deconflict airspace between attack reconnaissance aircraft and assault
  aircraftontheobjectivearedescribedinthefollowingparagraphs. Theyinclude: grid lineorterrainfeature
  separation,attackbyfirepositioning,andcallclearmethods.
  GridLineor TerrainFeatureSeparation
  8-35. Thisisthe mostrestrictive buteasiest method to execute. It maynotallowthe attackreconnaissance
  units to engage targets in the close combat attack role during the air assault, but this technique is
  appropriate whentime islimited for rehearsals,or whenpriorplanningisextremelylimitedornotpossible.
  Withthis method,the attackreconnaissance unitsclear the airspace forinbound assaultunitsbymovingto
  a designated grid line or terrain feature on either side of the objective. This movement and the subsequent
  maneuver ofthe attackreconnaissance unitsinand around the objective area are executed accordingto the
  instructionsintheorder.(Seefigure 8-1.)