text: Chapter 2
  occupying enemy territory, and DODD 2000.13 identifies military government as a directed requirement
  under CAO.
  2-19. Within its capabilities, and in accordance with international law, the occupying force must maintain an
  orderly government in the occupied territory and must have, as its ultimate goal, the creation of a legitimate
  and effective civilian government.
  2-20. CA forces conduct TG to assure appropriate control and the continuation of government functions during
  times of destabilization. CA forces assure the effective transition of governance from civilian control to military
  control and then back to civilian control as smoothly and efficiently as possible. All CA missions are essential
  to proper execution of TG, but TG has two primary missions, which are—
  * Provide transitional military authority.
  * Provide SCA.
  2-21. These missions give the Army the capability to better understand its military government role and to execute
  the legal responsibilities to the residents of liberated and occupied territories defined by international law and,
  specifically, the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed
  Conflict and the 1899 Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes. DODD 5100.01
  mandates that the DOD maintains the capability to conduct military government operations. The DOD supports
  this mandate through TG.
  2-22. CA forces providing TG use CMI, and the developed civil networks within the AO to support the
  establishment of SCA or transitional military authority that will enable the accomplishment of U.S. military
  objectives. SCA and transitional military authority support the whole of government approach and U.S.
  diplomatic, informational, military, and economic instruments of national power abroad through execution
  of governance tasks mandated by U.S. policy and international law.
  GOVERNMENT EXPERTISE
  2-23. CA forces have two distinct areas of expertise which are interrelated:
  * Governance.
  * Government functions.
  2-24. Governance is the state’s ability to serve the citizens through the rules, processes, and behavior by
  which interests are articulated, resources are managed, and power is exercised in a society (JP 3-24).
  Governance speaks to the administration of control by authorities exercising the role of the government.
  Government functions, however, refers to the structure that is used to conduct governance. That structure
  includes all the public systems used to create laws, administer justice, provide essential services, and maintain
  order. Expertise in government functions, therefore, is an expertise in those systems. Expertise in governance,
  however, is an understanding of how those systems are related and utilized to provide for the needs of a
  population.
  Governance
  2-25. Officers and noncommissioned officers provide governance expertise, while government function
  specialties within CA formations are the vehicle for the provision of government function expertise. Further,
  commanders and unified action partners have access to governmental sector expertise in the form of
  government function specialists, who have extensive civilian experience in provision of specific civil sectors.
  2-26. CA forces provide TG expertise to military commanders to enable and enhance options for interacting
  with and influencing civil populations and institutions. CA forces execute TG through understanding the civil
  factors throughout the competition continuum. These civil factors include, but are not limited to—
  * Security.
  * Justice.
  * Reconciliation.
  * Humanitarian assistance.
  * Social well-being.
  * Governance and participation.