text: Sustainment Operations During Armed Conflict
  SUSTAINING TROOP MOVEMENT
  5-15. Troop movement is the movement of Soldiers and units from one place to another by any available
  means (FM 3-90). Troop movements are made by different methods such as dismounted and mounted
  marches using organic combat and tactical vehicles; motor transport; and air, rail, and water means in various
  combinations. The method employed depends on the situation, the size and composition of the moving unit,
  the distance the unit must cover, the urgency of execution, and the condition of the troops. It also depends on
  the availability, suitability, and capacity of the different means of transportation. Troop movements may also
  be used as a form of deception. Concealing troop movements may deceive the adversary and divert their
  efforts from the main objective. See ADP 3-90 for additional information on troop movements. Troop
  movements over extended distances have extensive sustainment considerations. Movement control boards
  are critical for planning and enabling troop movement. Movement control boards support synchronization
  and coordination of troop movement against distribution priorities. For additional information, see ATP 4-16.
  ROAD MOVEMENT
  5-16. Road movement is a route synchronization plan that involves movement of forces from PODs,
  redeployment of forces to ports of embarkation, movement of supplies and equipment, and movement of
  units. The goal of route synchronization planning is to sustain movements according to the commander's
  priorities and make the most effective and efficient use of the road networks. It requires synchronization and
  coordination with planners of unit movement and maneuver. Planning is done in a logical sequence and
  results in the publication of the route synchronization plan. The unit movement officer coordinates movement
  planning during deployments, redeployments, and other moves. For additional information, see ATP 3-35
  and ATP 4-16.
  ARMY AIR MOVEMENT
  5-17. Army air movements are operations involving the use of utility and cargo rotary-wing assets for other
  than air assaults. Commanders conduct air movements to move troops and equipment, to emplace systems,
  and to transport ammunition, fuel, and other high-value supplies. Commanders may employ air movements
  as a substitute for ground tactical movements. Air movements are generally faster than ground tactical
  movements, but air movements can be vulnerable to enemy air defense systems or influenced by bad weather.
  The same general considerations that apply to air assault operations also apply to Army air movements. For
  additional information, see FM 3-0, FM 3-04, and FM 3-99.
  RAIL AND WATER MODES
  5-18. Operating forces can use rail and water modes of transportation to conduct troop movements if these
  are available in an AO. Their use can provide flexibility by freeing other modes of transport for other missions
  or circumventing closed or high-threat highway routes. Their use normally involves a mixture of military and
  commercial assets, such as defense freight railway interchange railcars pulled by privately owned diesel-
  electric engines to transport tanks along railroad rights-of-way from one rail terminal to another.
  Responsibility for coordinating the use of railroads and waterways resides in the ARFOR headquarters in the
  theater of operations.
  MOVEMENT CONTROL DURING LARGE-SCALE COMBAT OPERATIONS
  5-19. Sustainment of troop movement is achieved through movement control. Movement control links the
  tactical employment and sustainment of forces to national and operational objectives. During the execution
  of large-scale combat operations, movement control prioritizes and synchronizes movements to support
  actions in the division rear, close, and deep areas. Coordination and synchronization of organizational
  movements are planned and initiated from the theater strategic level and flow from the TSCs DMC through
  the TMCE, ESC DMC, and the corps transportation officer. At the operational and tactical level, the division
  transportation officer, sustainment brigade SPO officer, movement control battalion, and movement control
  team ensure the seamless execution of all movements generated from a transportation movement request. A
  movement control team can be attached or OPCON to a corps or division headquarters and placed under the
  control of the corps transportation officer or division transportation officer to augment that staff and assist in
  providing a range of transportation support planning, programming, and operations required to support the