text: Chapter 2
  Operational Art and Science
  Logistics comprises the means and arrangements which work out the plans of strategy and
  tactics. Strategy decides where to act; logistics brings the troops to this point.
  Antoine Henri de Jomini
  Operational art, and the science that informs it, represents the mechanism through
  which armies, corps, and divisions generate and apply combat power to achieve
  objectives and accomplish missions. This chapter describes operational art and the
  elements used in designing operations. The chapter then describes operational-level
  combat power considerations.
  OPERATIONAL ART
  2-1. Military operations require integrating ends, ways, means, and risk across the levels of warfare. Joint
  and Army echelons above brigade commanders and staffs do this through operational art. Operational art is
  the cognitive approach by commanders and staffs—supported by their skill, knowledge, experience,
  creativity, and judgment—to develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military
  forces by integrating ends, ways, and means (JP 3-0). Operational art applies to all types and aspects of
  operations. It helps commanders and staffs understand, visualize, and describe operations, as shown in
  figure 2-1.
  Figure 2-1. Operational art
  2-2. Operational art is not limited to a specific echelon or role. Rather, multiple echelons performing joint
  and Service roles within the scope of operational art all contribute to the arrangement of tactical actions in
  time, space, and purpose to pursue strategic objectives. Operational art links the echelons above brigade to
  each other, and to the joint and multinational force, to ensure unity of effort. Applying operational art requires
  commanders and staffs to answer the following questions: