text: The Fire Support System
  * Joint FS surface-to-surface and air-to-surface capabilities.
  * CEMA.
  * Space operations.
  * Information activities.
  2-79. For more technical information on joint surface-to-surface and air-to-surface capabilities see ATP 3-
  09.32.
  SURFACE TO SURFACE CAPABILITIES
  2-80. Army, Navy, and USMC surface-to-surface indirect fires include cannon, rocket, and missile systems
  as well as mortars organic to maneuver elements. FA attack/delivery systems provide continuously available
  fires under all weather conditions, and in all but the most restrictive terrain. FA provides close-support fires
  to supported forces. FA can perform counterfire, interdiction, suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD),
  and integrate into strike coordination and reconnaissance (SCAR) missions. FA employs a wide range of
  munitions, to include long range precision and near precision munitions that provide all-weather precision
  strike capability at great distances. FA support can range from tactical fires in a company AO to strategic
  fires across combatant command boundaries. Units must be cognizant that FA units have inherent limitations.
  These limitations include:
  * A firing signature that makes the unit vulnerable to detection by enemy TA assets.
  * Limited self-defense capability against ground and air attacks.
  * Limited ability to adequately engage moving targets.
  ROCKETS AND MISSILES
  2-81. The multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) and High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS)
  supplements cannon artillery by delivering a large volume of fires in a very short period of time against HPTs
  at increasingly greater ranges. MLRS/HIMARS is used for counterfire and deliberate attacks against enemy
  air defense, light materiel, and personnel targets. The all-weather MLRS/HIMARS fires free-flight and
  guided rockets and missiles. Free-flight or guided rocket options include warheads with either unitary high-
  explosive or dual-purpose improved conventional munitions or alternate warhead munitions such as the
  Global Positioning System Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS) – alternate warhead.
  2-82. The GMLRS conventional and alternate warheads provide commanders with increased accuracy and
  much greater range. The extended range GMLRS will double the range of the current capability. Their
  extremely high altitude of delivery (apex of missile trajectory, maximum ordinate) requires close
  coordination with air planners and liaisons to ensure aircraft are not in the vicinity during launches and
  descents.
  2-83. The Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) provides long-range, fire support. ATACMSs are fired
  from an MLRS/HIMARS platform and may consist of antipersonnel/antimaterial submunitions or a unitary
  high-explosive warhead. The ATACMS retains the responsiveness of rockets, though it possesses a much
  greater range. The ATACMS antipersonnel/antimaterial warhead is designed to engage soft targets and the
  unitary high-explosive warhead is designed to engage fixed infrastructure. Due to the range and altitude of
  the ATACMS, target engagements require detailed airspace coordination and integration. For more
  information on MLRS/HIMARS and ATACMS, see ATP 3-09.60.
  2-84. The Precision Strike Missile is a surface-to-surface long range missile fired from MLRS/HIMARS
  systems with greater range and lethality. This missile will be able to attack targets on the ground or at sea
  and will be a key capability used to penetrate and disintegrated adversary A2/AD capabilities.
  2-85. The U.S. Navy Tomahawk is an all-weather, long-range, subsonic cruise missile used for deep land
  attack warfare, launched from U.S. Navy surface ships and submarines. The Tomahawk conventional variant
  adds the capability to reprogram the missile while in-flight via two-way satellite communications to strike
  any of fifteen pre-programmed alternate targets or redirect the missile to any Global Positioning System
  (GPS) target coordinates.