text: ______________________________________________________________________________Introduction
  NON-STATE ACTORS
  Non-state actors are those that do not represent the forces of a particular
  nation-state. Such non-state elements include rogue actors as well as third-
  party actors.
  Like rogue states, rogue actors are hostile to other actors; however, they may be
  present in one country or extend across several countries. Examples include
  insurgents, guerrillas, mercenaries, and transnational or subnational political
  movements. Particular sources of danger are terrorists and drug-trafficking or
  criminal organizations, since they may have the best technology, equipment, and
  weapons available, simply because they have the money to buy them. These non-
  state rogue actors may use terror tactics and militarily unconventional methods to
  achieve their goals.
  Third-party actors may not be hostile to other actors. However, their presence,
  activities, and interests can affect the ability of military forces to accomplish
  their mission when operating in a foreign country. These third-party actors can
  be refugees, internally displaced persons, and other civilians on the battlefield,
  including international humanitarian relief agencies, transnational corporations,
  and the news media. These individuals and groups bring multiple sources of mo-
  tivation, ideology, interests, beliefs, or political affiliations into consideration.
  They may be sources of civil unrest. Their presence may require military forces to
  consider the potential impacts of traffic congestion, demonstrations, sabotage,
  and information manipulation.
  REAL-WORLD AND TRAINING CONSIDERATIONS
  When U.S. forces become involved in a particular country or region, they must
  take into account the presence and influence of these various types of threats and
  other actors. In a training environment, an OPFOR can represent a composite of
  those nation-state or non-state actors that constitute military and/or paramilitary
  forces that could present a threat to the United States, its friends, or its allies.
  Other, non-state actors that fall in the category of nonmilitary forces or elements
  are not part of the OPFOR, but could be part of the COE used in the training
  environment.
  CONTEMPORARY OPFOR
  This manual introduces the baseline operational doctrine of a flexible, thinking,
  adaptive, contemporary OPFOR that applies its doctrine with considerable ini-
  tiative. (See the definition of contemporary OPFOR above.) It is applicable to the
  entire training community, including the OPFORs at all of the combat training
  centers (CTCs), the TRADOC schools, and units in the field. It provides an
  OPFOR that believes that, through adaptive use of all available forces and capa-
  bilities, it can create opportunities that, properly leveraged, can allow it to fight
  and win, even against a technologically superior opponent such as the United
  States.