text: Chapter 1
  * Reduction of armed violence.
  * Meaningful participation of women in security sector agencies
  1-17. Security cooperation program authorizations and appropriations are provided to the Secretary of
  Defense primarily under the annual National Defense Authorization Act. By statute or executive order, they
  are usually required to be exercised in coordination with the Secretary of State.
  1-18. SC is comprised of three different activities:
  * SA.
  * SFA.
  * Military engagement.
  1-19. SC is functionally and conceptually related to—
  * DOD stabilization activities.
  * FID.
  Security Assistance
  1-20. SA is a group of programs authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and the
  Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended, or other related statutes by which the United States provides
  defense articles, military training, and other defense-related services by grant, loan, credit, or cash sales in
  furtherance of national policies and objectives and those that are funded and authorized through the
  Department of State to be administered by Department of Defense/Defense Security Cooperation Agency are
  considered part of security cooperation (JP 3-20).
  1-21. SA programs are an element of security cooperation funded under Title 22, United States Code
  (22 USC) and managed by the DOS. The DOD is the executive agent for SA under the DOS and the Defense
  Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) administers the program for the DOD. SA programs are typically
  focused on the transfer of defense articles and services to eligible foreign governments, the provision of
  training and education to FSF, and the sale of construction services in support of partner nations’ military
  establishments.
  1-22. The Army may implement elements of 22 USC security assistance programs under the direction of
  DSCA and the overall management of the DOS. Examples of SA programs include—
  •The foreign military financing program (known as FMFP). This is an appropriated program
  administered by DSCA. The program consists of congressionally appropriated grants and loans which
  enable eligible foreign governments to purchase U.S. defense articles, services, and training through
  either foreign military sales or direct commercial sales.
  •Foreign military sales (FMS) programs. These include the provision of materiel, training, medical, and
  construction services to a foreign country.
  •Foreign military construction services that provide for the construction of requisite military
  installations and facilities in support of a foreign military activity.
  • Lease of defense articles to friendly governments for specified missions and for specific periods.
  • International military education and training (IMET) for professional military education.
  • Drawdowns that allow for the transfer of DOD stocked defense articles, services, and military
  education and training.
  1-23. Army forces may also perform additional activities related to the training of partner military forces
  that were equipped under 22 USC. 10 USC funds may be extended for this purpose consistent with legal
  authority, and only with Secretary of Defense approval.
  Security Force Assistance
  1-24. Security force assistance is Department of Defense activities that support the development of the
  capability and capacity of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions. (JP 3-20)