text: Foundational Guidelines
  * Effects-based. Targeting seeks to create specific desired effects through lethal and nonlethal
  actions or capabilities. Target analysis encompasses all possible means to create desired effects,
  drawing from all available capabilities. The art of targeting seeks to create desired effects with the
  least risk and expenditure of time and resources.
  * Interdisciplinary. Targeting is a command function that requires the participation of many
  disciplines. This entails participation from all elements of the unit staff, other organizations, and
  multinational partners in planning, preparation, execution, and assessment of targeting tasks.
  * Systematic. A targeting methodology is a rational and iterative process that methodically analyzes,
  prioritizes, and assigns assets against targets systematically to create those effects that will
  contribute to achieving the commander's objectives. During the course of the operation, targets
  are systematically analyzed, prioritized, and assigned assets to create effects that will contribute
  to the achievement of the commander's objectives. If the desired effects are not created, targets
  may be considered again in the process or operations may have to be modified.
  SECTION III – OPERATIONS, PLANNING, AND TARGETING
  1-5. Targeting plays an important role supporting the Army's operational concept, multidomain operations.
  Multidomain operations are the combined arms employment of joint and Army capabilities to create and
  exploit relative advantage to achieve objectives, defeat enemy forces, and consolidate gains on behalf of joint
  force commanders (FM 3-0). Employing Army and joint capabilities makes use of all available combat power
  from each domain to accomplish missions at least cost. Multidomain operations are the Army's contribution
  to joint campaigns, spanning the competition continuum.
  1-6. Targeting is related to all the tenets of operations: agility, convergence, endurance, and depth. FM 3-0
  specifically recognizes the overlap of convergence and targeting. Convergence is an outcome created by the
  concerted employment of capabilities from multiple domains and echelons against combinations of decisive
  points in any domain to create effects against a system, formation, decision maker, or in a specific geographic
  area. Convergence requires the synchronization of specific targets and broad objectives by the senior tactical
  echelon below the land component command. The ability to achieve convergence is dependent on many
  things to include synchronizing the employment of capabilities to generate simultaneous, sequential, and
  enduring effects against the enemy system; and assessing individual effects and the probability the overall
  effect has been achieved.
  1-7. Targeting is also related to planning. Planning is the art and science of understanding a situation,
  envisioning a desired future, and determining effective ways to bring that future about (ADP 5-0). Planning
  is a continuous activity of the operations process-the major command and control (C2) activities performed
  during operations: planning, preparing, executing, and continuously assessing the operation (ADP 5-0).
  Commanders use the operations process to drive the conceptual and detailed planning necessary to
  understand an (OE); visualize and describe the operation's end state and operational approach; and direct,
  lead, and assess operations. Plans and orders provide the necessary context to conduct targeting.
  1-8. Targeting helps shape operations to meet objectives and the commander's targeting guidance.
  Successful targeting requires a close interrelationship between the fires and intelligence warfighting
  functions. Intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB) and intelligence situational development is critical
  to ensure successful FS planning and targeting. In order to conduct successful targeting efforts, Army
  echelons must be aware of the operation and contingency plans, target systems analysis (TSA), and threat
  assessments produced at the national level to support their operations.
  SECTION IV – KEY DOCTRINAL CONCEPTS
  1-9. The commander’s targeting guidance must be articulated clearly and simply to enhance understanding.
  The guidance must be easily understood by all warfighting functions. Targeting guidance must focus on
  essential threat capabilities and functions that could interfere with the achievement of friendly objectives.
  Commanders describe the desired effects to be generated.