text: Operations During Armed Conflict
  CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OFFENSE
  6-222. The high risk, tempo, and physical toll of offensive operations require high levels of unit training,
  morale, and cohesion. Successful offenses share these characteristics:
  (cid:122) Audacity—the ability to assume risk to create opportunity with bold action.
  (cid:122) Concentration—orchestrating forces or effects to create and exploit opportunity. (Concentrating
  effects is called “mass.”)
  (cid:122) Surprise—taking action that catches enemy forces off guard.
  (cid:122) Tempo—maintaining a pace of operations that is faster than the enemy’s, but not so fast that it
  cannot be sustained for as long as necessary to achieve all assigned objectives.
  (See ADP 3-90 for more information on the characteristics of the offense.)
  ENEMY DEFENSE
  6-223. The purposes of enemy defensive operations are to set military conditions to resume offensive
  operations or defend until the enemy achieves a favorable political outcome. The enemy employs two types
  of defenses generally, a maneuver defense and an area defense. A maneuver defense trades terrain for the
  opportunity to destroy portions of an opponent’s formation and render the opponent’s combat system
  ineffective. In an area defense, the enemy denies key areas to friendly forces. In most situations against a
  peer or superior opponent, enemy forces are willing to surrender terrain to preserve their major combat forces,
  since the loss of those forces threatens the survival of the enemy’s state or regime. Figure 6-6 on page 6-42
  depicts a notional enemy maneuver defense.