text: Using the Operational Framework
  * Develop and coordinate appropriate coordination measures (graphic control measures, maneuver
  control measures, fires support coordination measures, airspace coordination measures) to enable
  attack and reconnaissance aircraft, deployment of unmanned aircraft systems or other ISR
  platforms to confirm target locations and dispositions, and fixed-wing aircraft for close air support
  and air interdiction.
  * Develop an integrated and synchronized fire plan for the movement to engagement that includes
  continuous target refinement, joint suppression of enemy air defenses from fire support platforms,
  and integrated electronic warfare as part of joint suppression of enemy air defenses attacks.
  * Consider triggers and conditions for initiating attacks through maximizing the element of surprise
  by attacking from unexpected areas, directions, or at unexpected times; executing during hours of
  limited visibility; and using terrain to mask maneuver routes and attack by fire positions.
  * Move forward arming and refueling points forward to enable increased tempo and multiple
  attacks.
  * Maximize use of combined arms rehearsals, aviation rehearsals, tactical and technical field
  artillery rehearsals, and sustainment rehearsals.
  * Consider methods of command and control, including the location of command posts, especially
  when conducting deep maneuver in contested environments.
  C-11. Deep operations are generally shaping operations for a campaign or major operation, but they can be
  a branch or sequel designed to take advantage of an opportunity. Their planning and execution require
  detailed planning and execution from most staff sections to ensure their success. Deep operations are usually
  begun in the future operations or plans cell before being handed over to the current operations cell for
  execution. (See ATP 3-94.2 for a more detailed description of deep operations.)
  CLOSE AREA
  C-12. The close area is the portion of the commander's area of operations where the majority of subordinate
  maneuver forces conduct close combat (ADP 3-0). It contains the current battles and engagements of its
  major maneuver units. Each echelon focuses on providing its subordinate formations with the capabilities
  required to for success. Close operations require speed and mobility to exploit windows of opportunity by
  rapidly concentrating overwhelming combat power at the right time and location (either physical or virtual).
  This enables formations to exploit success while maintaining the initiative and setting the tempo for
  successful operations. Theater and field armies do not typically conduct close operations; however, their deep
  and rear operations directly affect the ability of the corps and divisions to conduct close operations.
  Defining the Close Area
  C-13. A corps’ close area includes the deep, close, rear, support, and consolidation of gains operations of its
  committed divisions and separate maneuver brigades. Corps headquarters focus on assigning tasks and
  resourcing their divisions and separate brigades with capabilities that help identify and exploit windows of
  opportunity. These capabilities include information collection, cyberspace operations, space, and electronic
  warfare. Corps headquarters also reinforce divisions with supporting capabilities, including aviation, fires,
  mobility, intelligence, and sustainment.
  C-14. A division's close area is primarily where BCTs operate. The division headquarters focuses on
  information collection, sustainment, and planning that enable freedom of action for its brigades. The division
  headquarters also provides or coordinates capabilities in support of its BCTs to shape close operations
  through operations in the division deep area or to reinforce BCTs in close operations. These capabilities
  include indirect fires, air and missile defense, aviation support, electronic warfare, mobility, and joint fires.
  C-15. The size of the close area is dependent upon multiple factors, including missions, friendly capabilities,
  enemy capabilities, terrain, and subordinate unit mobility. This area might expand or even contract during
  the course of operations to allow subordinate units to focus combat power or to provide the flexibility to
  exploit opportunities. Controlling and accounting for this elasticity is critical.
  C-16. A field army’s close area is where its committed corps and divisions conduct operations. The field
  army gives guidance and direction to corps and divisions conducting combined arms operations in the close