text: Chapter 3
  During friendly offensive operations, threat forces will attempt to use their maneuver and fire support
  assets to regain the initiative. UASs will conduct reconnaissance, intelligence, surveillance, and target
  acquisition operations to support targeting and maneuver. Helicopters will be used as either dedicated attack
  assets or armed utility helicopters. Helicopter assets can be used in attack, air insertion, or reconnaissance.
  Helicopters in the attack will usually consist of at least two or more (taking full advantage of cover and
  concealment) with the mission of disrupting friendly operations. Helicopters in the reconnaissance role will
  operate in the same manner as UASs to support artillery targeting and maneuver. In some cases, helicopters
  will be used in conjunction with threat armored forces to deter friendly penetrations. Threat fixed-wing
  aircraft usage may be limited but cannot be counted out.
  During defensive operations, friendly forces are the most vulnerable to the full spectrum of threat aerial
  platforms. The enemy will attempt to use aerial platforms to monitor friendly forces for targeting. The number
  one challenge to the SHORAD platoon will be to deny the enemy's use of air reconnaissance, intelligence,
  surveillance, and target acquisition assets. An enemy will use UASs, helicopters, and possibly fixed-wing
  aircraft to determine the locations of friendly artillery, C2 nodes, ADA assets, logistical sites, and troop
  concentration areas. Once these sites are located, threat forces will likely disrupt or destroy these sites with
  the use of RAM, air attacks, and air insertion.
  Artillery and rockets will be the enemy's preferred weapons against U.S. forces and ADA assets. These
  weapons are usually numerous, inexpensive, survivable, and highly effective. UASs will be employed to
  provide targeting data and attack critical assets. Attacks by helicopters and fixed-wing are less likely due to
  the low survivability of these systems. Enemy air-insertion operations will be conducted by either fixed-wing
  assets or helicopters and probably during the hours of limited visibility.
  SUMMARY
  The air, missile, and RAM threats, as standalone systems or complemented by electromagnetic
  warfare/cyberspace and other capabilities in the land and space domains, create formidable challenges to
  SHORAD systems and the Army and joint forces that SHORAD units defend. Table 3-2 provides a summary
  of these threats, their primary targets, and their capabilities and trends.
  Table 3-2. Air, missile, and electromagnetic warfare/cyberspace threats
  System Targets Capabilities Trends
  Category
  Unmanned  Assembly areas,  Multi-mission –  More missions – decoy,
  Aircraft logistical areas, reconnaissance, suppression of enemy air
  Systems  C2 centers (seeing) surveillance, and target defenses, and
  acquisition; electromagnetic electromagnetic attack
  (Groups 1-3)
   Troop movements warfare; attack
   Standoff range in excess
  (seeing)
   Range up to 125 kilometers; of 25 kilometers
   C2 centers (jamming) altitude near-ground to 17+
   Detection to 40
   Maneuver kilometers (dependent on kilometers; all weather,
  formations/systems group) day/night
  (attacking)  Standoff/detection to 25
   Perch and stare ability
  kilometers (dependent on
  group)  Low radar signature
   Payloads – daylight  Low thermal signature
  television, cameras, missiles,
  laser designators,
  retransmitters