text: Appendix E
  Language Support Considerations
  LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS
  E-1. Military operations highly depend on military- and contractor-provided foreign language support. The
  requirement to communicate with and serve on multinational staffs, communicate with local populations, and
  collect information necessitates the use of linguists. The growing focus on multinational operations increases
  the competition for limited linguist resources that are vital for mission success.
  LANGUAGE SUPPORT CATEGORIES
  E-2. Language support requirements typically fall into one of seven broad categories:
  ⚫ Intelligence operations.
  ⚫ Multinational liaison.
  ⚫ Special operations.
  ⚫ CMO.
  ⚫ CA operations.
  ⚫ Sustainment.
  ⚫ Information.
  Intelligence Operations
  E-3. Intelligence operations includes linguist requirements inherent in CI, HUMINT, OSINT, and SIGINT.
  Multinational Liaison
  E-4. Multinational liaison includes the coordination of military operations and liaison with multinational
  partners, previously unaffiliated nations, host-nation personnel and offices, and, at times. adversary or former
  adversary nations. (See FM 6-0.)
  Special Operations
  E-5. Operations conducted by special operations forces typically require foreign language capabilities.
  Because of the broad range of languages, Army special operations forces may not have the required number
  of personnel trained in a specific language or dialect. In many situations, Army special operations forces
  require sophisticated language skills requiring a nuanced language capability that can only a native speaker
  can provide or vet. For example, psychological operations specialists develop product series in target
  languages to obtain specific responses, and special forces team members convey the intent of the operation
  to an indigenous force; CA personnel work in specialized teams found in government, law, medical support,
  law enforcement, infrastructure projects, public safety, and population control. (See FM 3-53, FM 3-18, and
  FM 3-57.)
  Civil-Military Operations
  E-6. Civil-military operations are activities of a commander performed by designated military forces that
  establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between military forces and indigenous populations and
  institutions by directly supporting the achievement of objectives relating to the reestablishment or
  maintenance of stability within a region or host nation (JP 3-57). CMO may include military forces
  performing activities and functions normally performed by the local, regional, or national government. These
  activities may occur before, during, or after other military actions. They are fundamental to executing stability