text: Chapter 5
  Sustainment During Multinational Operations
  This chapter offers a multinational sustainment overview. It then discusses the unity of
  effort among nations and agencies, responsibility for logistics, and planning for
  logistics. This chapter then discusses acquisition and cross-servicing agreements, host-
  nation support, and operational contract support. Lastly, it discusses the UN logistics
  system, movement support in multinational operations, and considerations for the
  commander.
  MULTINATIONAL SUSTAINMENT OVERVIEW
  5-1. A coordinated sustainment effort is needed for the multinational force to accomplish its mission.
  Multinational commanders must consider how to coordinate the sustainment effort. They must also consider
  the coordination for interagency funding and control processes and reimbursement procedures. Commanders
  should also reflect on the environmental and legal considerations, which are essential to multinational
  operations. Nations competing for host-nation resources to provide logistics support to troop contributing
  units hampers the multinational force’s efforts to accomplish its mission. This competition for resources also
  causes harmful inflation to the host-nation economy. The multinational commander strives to achieve unity
  of effort in the sustainment effort.
  UNITY OF EFFORT AMONG NATIONS AND AGENCIES
  5-2. Unity of effort is essential to multinational logistics operations. Unity of effort requires troop
  contributing nations and civilian agencies in the AO to coordinate assets and operations. The multinational
  force commander is responsible for achieving unity of effort while executing multinational logistics. When
  possible, the logistics staff officer (G-4 or S-4 at the battalion or brigade levels) develops the multinational
  logistics concepts of support using unity of effort. Effective multinational logistics are flexible, responsive,
  and predictive, and they provide timely sustainment support throughout the entire operation for a
  multinational force. The plan for multinational logistics incorporates logistics requirements of all
  contributing forces.
  5-3. To increase unity of effort, effective commanders consider multinational logistics requirements and
  support issues early during planning. Commanders should comprehend multinational forces’ doctrine and
  have good relations with subordinate commanders and civilian leaders. All partners providing logistics
  support and operational elements should understand the concept of support based on national caveats. This
  understanding begins during the initial planning phase and continues through all phases of the operation.
  5-4. Commanders coordinate logistics based on standardization, multilateral, and bilateral agreements among
  troop contributing nations, achievable standardization, and levels of interoperability. Under certain
  conditions, creating a single multinational logistics command provides economy of assets and system
  efficiency. Even if multinational participants (for national command reasons) maintain a national logistics
  structure, assigning a lead for logistics responsibility precludes duplication of effort. The G-4 or S-4
  establishes a planning group with members from all participating nations to define the extent of
  interoperability that exists among multinational forces. Commanders identify the funding authority early to
  support multinational force logistics and develop procedures to prevent an adverse impact on operations.
  5-5. Multinational operations complicate logistics support and reduce the degree of flexibility inherent in a
  national logistics system. Although responsible for logistics support of its national forces, not all nations have
  deployable logistic capabilities. Such nations depend on other nations for all or part of their support. In these
  cases, the multinational force provides deployment and sustainment to military and civilian organizations.
  For deployment, close liaison with theater airlift C2 helps coordinate approval and facilitate airlift once
  approved. When support is required, close liaison ensures clear funding lines.