text: Chapter 20
  Linkup
  This chapter addresses those considerations unique to a linkup. This chapter addresses
  the general considerations for a linkup, planning and preparing a linkup, and types of
  linkup.
  LINKUP OPERATIONS
  20-1. A linkup is a type of enabling operation that involves the meeting of friendly ground forces, which
  occurs in a variety of circumstances. For example, when converging maneuver forces meet, when an
  advancing force reaches an objective area previously seized by an airborne or air assault force, when an
  encircled force breaks out to rejoin friendly forces, and when a force comes to the relief of an encircled force.
  During optimal linkup conditions, there is a stationary force and a linkup force. However, both forces may
  be moving toward each other simultaneously. Whenever possible, the joining forces exchange as much
  information as possible prior to starting the linkup.
  PLANNING A LINKUP
  20-2. A linkup is a complex operation that requires detailed planning and coordination. Planning for a linkup
  is coordinated as far in advance as possible to allow coordination between the two or more friendly units.
  Commanders and staffs coordinate responsibilities to preventing fratricide and ensure mission success.
  Command and Control
  20-3. The headquarters directing the linkup operation must establish command relationships and
  responsibilities of the forces involved. Both the linkup force and the force with which linkup is to be made
  can remain under control of the directing headquarters. The communications plan includes the channels for
  radio communications between the two forces. It must prescribe day and night identification procedures,
  including primary and alternate means. Aircraft can extend communications range. Units can use visual
  signals such as flares or panels during daylight and flashlights or infrared devices during darkness. To prevent
  friendly troops from exchanging fires, recognition signals must be established and communicated between
  the linkup forces. They may be pyrotechnics, armbands, vehicle markings, panels, colored smoke, distinctive
  light patterns, and passwords.
  20-4. The headquarters ordering the linkup establishes—
  * A common operational picture using available command and control systems, ideally both
  digitally and analog.
  * Command relationship and responsibilities of each force before, during, and after linkup.
  * Coordination of fire support before, during, and after linkup, including control measures.
  * A linkup method.
  * Recognition signals (near and far) and communication procedures, such as pyrotechnics, vehicle
  markings, gun tube orientation, panels, colored smoke, lights, and challenge and passwords.
  * Operations to conduct following linkup.
  Intelligence
  20-5. The linkup force will begin the IPB process in preparation for the operation essentially as for any
  offensive or defensive operation. The significant difference is that the commander and staff will have to
  consider the location and effect of other friendly forces on the enemy forces within the assigned area. As a