text: Chapter 12
  obstacle is actively being overwatched and covered with either direct or indirect fires. Enemy obstacle
  locations and compositions can provide information concerning enemy force positions, weapon capabilities,
  and scheme of fires. Reconnaissance assets develop the situation using action on contact drills.
  RECONNAISSANCE MANAGEMENT
  12-13. No single reconnaissance asset can answer every information collection requirement, and there are
  rarely enough reconnaissance assets to cover every requirement. Staffs use a mix of reconnaissance
  management methods, such as cueing, mixing, redundancy, and task-organizing, to use their limited assets
  most effectively and collect the most critical information as quickly as possible.
  12-14. Cueing is the integration of one or more types of reconnaissance or surveillance systems to
  provide information that directs follow-on collecting of more detailed information by another system.
  Cueing helps to focus limited reconnaissance and surveillance assets, especially limited ground assets, which
  can rarely examine every part of a large area closely. Electronic, thermal, visual, audio, and other technical
  assets with wide-area surveillance capabilities (often working from aerial platforms) can quickly determine
  areas of enemy concentration or areas without an enemy presence. These assets may cue ground and aerial
  reconnaissance assets to investigate specific areas to confirm and amplify information developed by technical
  assets. For example, Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System and Guardrail-equipped aircraft can
  cover large areas and cue ground reconnaissance or unmanned aircraft once they identify the presence of
  enemy forces. Units may dispatch ground reconnaissance or UAS to verify this information and track enemy
  assets for targeting purposes. Similarly, a ground reconnaissance asset can cue surveillance assets. Units use
  reconnaissance assets based on their capabilities and use the complementary capabilities of other assets to
  verify and expand information.
  12-15. Mixing is using two or more different capabilities to collect against the same information
  requirement. Employing a mix of systems not only increases the probability of collection, but also provides
  information that is more complete. For example, a Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System aircraft
  may detect and locate a moving enemy tactical force, while the division or corps analysis and control element
  uses organic and supporting assets to determine its identity, organizational structure, and indications of its
  future plans. Employing a mix of systems is always desirable if the situation and available resources permit.
  Mixing systems can also help uncover enemy deception attempts by revealing discrepancies in reports from
  different collectors.
  12-16. Redundancy is using two or more like capabilities to collect against the same information
  requirement. Commanders decide which NAIs justify having more than one asset covering them based on
  the priority of their information requirements. When more than one asset covers the same NAI, a backup is
  available in the event that one asset cannot reach the NAI in time, the first asset suffers mechanical failure,
  or the enemy force detects and engages the first asset. For example, two observation posts overwatching the
  same NAI from two different locations. Redundancy also improves the chances of successful information
  collection.
  12-17. Commanders may task-organize their reconnaissance assets by placing additional assets under their
  subordinates’ control to increase asset effectiveness and survivability. These assets may include additional
  signal retransmission elements, engineer reconnaissance elements, civil affairs teams, or additional security
  forces such as an infantry platoon.
  COMMANDER’S RECONNAISSANCE GUIDANCE
  12-18. The guidance the commander provides to the reconnaissance assets is key in collecting PIR to aid in
  the decision making of higher echelons. There are three sections to the commander’s reconnaissance
  guidance: focus, tempo, and engagement and disengagement criteria. Tempo is a key element to the
  commander’s reconnaissance guidance as it refers to the level of detail and level of aggressiveness required
  to accomplish the reconnaissance mission. (See FM 3-98 for more information on commander’s
  reconnaissance guidance.)