text: Chapter 4
  (cid:122) Graphic control measures require a level of detail necessary to support operations of a unit without
  situational information. This requires more control measures tied to identifiable terrain,especially
  during operations within degraded environments.
  (cid:122) Liaison teams are critical in both digital and analog situations through direct liaison with the
  partner unit(s).
  (cid:122) The staff must recognize that integrating an analog unit into a digital unit requires retention of
  most of the analog control techniques. In essence,both digital and analog control systems must be
  in operation, with particular attention paid to keeping the analog unit apprised of all pertinent
  information that flows digitally.
  (cid:122) The staff establishes redundant communication, especially when the BCT shares its area of
  operations with other entities that have cultural differences and lack of or degraded
  communications.
  Considerations Concerning the Degradation of BCT Commandand ControlSystems
  4-306. As the staff supports the commander in the exercise of command and control, assists subordinate
  units,and informs units and organizations outside the BCT,a broad array of actors and activities challenge
  theBCT’s freedom of action in cyberspace and space. Enemies and adversaries utilize cyberspace and space
  to degrade the BCT’s capability to communicate and operate commandand controlsystems. The ability for
  adversaries and enemies to operate in the cyberspace and space domains increases the need for the BCT to
  maintain the capability to conduct offensive and defensive cyberspace operations (see paragraph 4-329) to
  affect the operational environment and to protect friendly command and control systems. For example,enemy
  global positioning satellite jamming capabilities could render precision fires and blue force tracker
  inaccurate.
  4-307. During the operations process, the BCT and its subordinate units prepare for degraded command
  and controlsystems and reduced access to cyberspace and space capabilities. Considerations concerning the
  BCT in denying and degrading adversary and enemy use of cyberspace and the EMS and other effects that
  degrade friendly command and control systems include—
  (cid:122) Enemy capabilities (cyberspace, space, EW) to degrade, planned and targeted against command
  and control systems. Enemy efforts include jamming, spoofing, intercepting, hacking, and
  direction finding (leads to targeting).
  (cid:122) Friendly effects that degrade include—
  (cid:131) Lack of familiarity with Army command and controlsystems.
  (cid:131) Lack of protection or countermeasures at BCT and below echelons.
  (cid:131) Lack of understanding of threat capabilities and doctrine for employment.
  (cid:131) Terrain and weather,and other environmental variables.
  4-308. Key indicators that BCT commandand controlsystems are being degraded include—
  (cid:122) Reliable voice communications are degraded.
  (cid:122) Increased latency for data transmissions.
  (cid:122) Frequent and accurate targeting by threat lethal and nonlethal effects.
  (cid:122) Increased pings/network intrusions.
  (cid:122) Inconsistent digital COP,for example spoofing.
  (cid:122) Inaccurate Global Positioning System (GPS) data/no satellite lock and inconsistency between
  inertial navigation aids and GPS-enabled systems.
  4-309. BCT efforts tocounter the effects of degraded mission command systems include—
  (cid:122) Train to recognize indicators that it is happening.
  (cid:122) Develop contingency plans and rehearse implementation during the planning process and
  preparations.
  (cid:122) Maintain analog COP at all echelons.
  (cid:122) Train to operate from the commander’sintent,and analog graphics and synchronization matrixes.
  (cid:122) Keep plans as simple as possible so thatthey are less susceptible to friction.