text: Army Air and Missile Defense
  TRAINING
  1-57. The ADA branch requires agile and adaptive Soldiers and Leaders, who are masters of their craft and
  who are comfortable operating in complex, often ambiguous, environments. Only through an outcome-based
  training and education system that stresses the development of cognitive skills will this requirement be met.
  1-58. The foundation for individual and collective training is the education provided by the Army’s
  institutional education system. Instructors in the various institutional courses introduce, facilitate, or enhance
  the knowledge of ADA systems, ADA organizations, and AMD operations to resident students. The
  institutional domain is responsible for providing Soldiers and Leaders with the qualification and preparation
  for entry into a unit - they teach the ADA competencies.
  1-59. Operational force training focuses on collective training conducted at home station, at maneuver
  combat training centers, during joint exercises, at mobilization centers, and while operationally deployed.
  Live, virtual, and constructive methods of training are used to attain the desired realism and synchronization
  of critical tasks across echelons that will facilitate the levels of readiness required to execute wartime
  missions. ADA Leaders and Soldiers, as individuals and in teams, must be knowledgeable of and capable of
  executing the actions associated with mission command and C2 – the principles of mission command and
  the authorizations and directives of Army, joint, and multinational C2 elements, particularly with respect to
  the AMD kill chain; force operations – planning, coordinating, and sustaining activities for the total AMD
  mission; and engagement operations – coordinating and executing the engagements of air and missile threats.
  1-60. Commanders at all echelons are responsible for ensuring that their units are capable of performing their
  missions. Commanders cannot delegate this responsibility. Commanders are directly responsible and
  accountable for all aspects of unit training including the certification/qualification of their individuals,
  sections, platoons, batteries, and battalions. They understand and employ the principles of unit training and
  leader development. Through guidance and direction, commanders drive the training management process.
  They directly observe and participate in the unit's training and leader development to better assess mission
  readiness and help their subordinates improve. They understand that unit training and leader development
  are inextricably linked – that good training can develop good leaders, and good leaders are the key to good
  unit training. They focus the unit's efforts to optimize available time, ensuring their units train the right tasks
  to meet mission requirements and to support the next higher commander's intent. Each commander
  determines what essential supporting collective tasks must be trained to attain the required levels of objective
  training requirements for mission-essential task list proficiency. Commanders look for every opportunity to
  coach and teach subordinates as they plan, prepare, execute, and assess training, employing the mission
  command philosophy. They give their subordinate leaders the commander's intent and the resources–
  including time–to plan, prepare, and conduct the training necessary to develop unit proficiency. Leaders are
  also trained and educated in the Army Ethic, culture, and character development. They personally create and
  sustain a positive command climate in their ADA units and organizations. Commander/leader involvement
  makes a quantitative and qualitative difference in unit training and leader development.
  1-61. The proficiencies of individual Soldiers, Leaders, and teams/crews in the operational force are gauged
  through a certification program. The certification process uses gunnery tables and guidance from higher
  echelons in the conduct of formal evaluations. In preparation for these periodic formal evaluations, informal
  assessments are generally conducted by standardization officers at ADA battalions and Leaders at lower
  echelons. Soldiers and Leaders receive their individual certifications by their units. Teams require
  certification by the next higher command or a command two levels higher based on the ADA system they
  use. Re-certification is conducted periodically and is also required if an individual is assigned to a new unit
  or team, notified of deployment, experiences a major system change to his/her assigned equipment, or as
  directed by the command. While it is optimal to certify as crews, commanders have the flexibility to retain
  unit/crew certification as individual crew members rotate in/out, as long as proper evaluation protocols are
  in place.