text: Chapter 5
  are the formations central to the conduct of large-scale combat operations, as they are organized, trained, and
  equipped for the deep, rear, and support operations that enable subordinate success during close combat. The
  ability to prevail in ground combat is a decisive factor in breaking an enemy’s will to continue a conflict.
  Conflict resolution requires the Army to conduct sustained operations with unified action partners as long as
  necessary to achieve national objectives.
  SUSTAINING LARGE-SCALE COMBAT OPERATIONS
  5-9. Large-scale combat operations require greater sustainment than other types of operations across the
  operational framework. See FM 3-0 for additional information on the operational framework. Their high
  tempo and lethality significantly increase maintenance requirements and expenditure of supplies,
  ammunition, and equipment. Large-scale combat incurs the risk of mass casualties, which increase
  requirements for medical, fatality management, and large-scale personnel and equipment replacements.
  Large-scale combat operations demand a sustainment system that can move and distribute a tremendous
  volume of supplies, personnel, and equipment.
  5-10. Army sustainment is a key enabler of the joint force on land. Army forces provide sustainment to other
  elements in the joint force according to the direction of the JFC. The JFC has the overall responsibility for
  sustainment throughout a theater, but the JFC headquarters executes many of its sustainment responsibilities
  through the TSC. When directed, Army sustainment capabilities provide the bulk of Army support to other
  Services through executive agency, CUL, lead Service, and other common sustainment resources. See JP 4-0
  for more information on joint sustainment.
  5-11. Successful sustainment operations strike a balance between protecting sustainment capabilities and
  providing responsive support in the execution of deep, close, and rear operations. A well-planned and
  executed logistics operation permits flexibility, endurance, and application of combat power. Plans must
  anticipate and mitigate the risk posed by enemy forces detecting and attacking friendly sustainment
  capabilities. Sustainment formations pursue operations security, survivability, and protection with the same
  level of commitment as all other forces. While most rear and support operations are economy of force
  endeavors when allocating combat power in divisions and corps, the continuity and survivability of those
  operations are vital to deep and close operations.
  5-12. Dispersion of assets and redundancy help protect sustainment formations as part of rear operations.
  Dispersing sustainment formations makes it less likely that enemy long-range fires can destroy large
  quantities of materiel. Dispersion also creates flexibility, as several nodes can execute the sustainment
  concept without a single point of failure. However, dispersed sustainment operations complicate command
  and control and can be less efficient than a massed and centralized approach. Commanders balance the risk
  between dispersion and efficiency to minimize exposure to enemy fires while maintaining the ability to
  enable the supported formation’s tempo, endurance, and operational reach.
  5-13. Commanders must plan for the possibility of heavy losses to personnel, supplies, and equipment. Even
  with continuous and effective sustainment support, units may rapidly become combat ineffective due to
  enemy action. Commanders at all levels must be prepared to conduct reconstitution efforts to return
  ineffective units to a level of effectiveness that allows the reconstituted unit to perform its future mission.
  For additional information see ATP 3-94.4.
  SUSTAINING ENABLING OPERATIONS
  5-14. Enabling operations set the friendly conditions required for most operations. Commanders direct
  enabling operations to support the conduct of offensive, defensive, and stability operations and defense
  support to civil authorities tasks. The execution of enabling operations alone does not directly accomplish
  the commander's end state, but enabling operations must occur to complete the mission. Examples of enabling
  operations are reconnaissance, security, troop movement, relief in place, passage of lines, countermobility,
  and mobility. While sustainment supports all enabling operations, troop movement and combined arms
  mobility require the most sustainment support. See FM 3-0 for additional information on enabling operations.