text: Appendix A
  * Communications systems.
  * Friendly force tracking.
  * Navigation.
  * Reconnaissance.
  * Radar systems.
  * Precision guided munitions.
  Preventive Measures
  A-35. Measures to reduce susceptibility to, and mitigate the effects of, enemy jamming of positioning,
  navigation, and timing include—
  * Using only encrypted positioning, navigation, and timing systems.
  * Antenna masking.
  * Terrain masking.
  * Training and maintaining the ability to navigate using a map and compass.
  Indicators
  A-36. User indications that an enemy may be jamming positioning, navigation, and timing satellites
  include—
  * Loss of satellite signal.
  * Red Global Positioning System icon on the network management system.
  * Loss of timing or incorrect time displayed on equipment.
  * Wrong location displayed on the map.
  * Jamming environment warning message.
  Reaction
  A-37. Because of the diverse and widespread effects of enemy positioning, navigation, and timing jamming,
  a prompt, coordinated response is necessary. Operators of all affected systems should—
  * Navigate using map and compass. While this does not restore system timing and situational
  awareness displays, navigation using a map and compass cannot be jammed.
  * Increase distance between affected systems and jammer. If the jammer location is known,
  increased distance or terrain masking may mitigate interference.
  * Use signals intelligence or EW capabilities to locate the jamming signal. Leveraging signals
  intelligence or EW capabilities requires coordination and collaboration with the G-2 (S-2) or the
  cyber electronic warfare officer.
  * Report jamming to higher headquarters. Submitting a joint spectrum interference resolution
  report to higher headquarters documents a history of problems and helps identify possible causes
  for subsequent interference.
  Satellite Communications Jamming
  A-38. Expeditionary forces rely heavily on satellite communications capabilities for beyond line of sight
  network transport. Systems and capabilities affected by satellite communications jamming include—
  * Friendly force tracking.
  * Upper tier tactical internet.
  * Tactical satellite radios.
  * Intelligence reporting systems.
  Preventive Measures
  A-39. Operational and employment measures to prevent satellite communications jamming include—