text: Chapter 4
  intelligence activities and significant or highly sensitive matters. (See DODM 5240.01 and AR 381-10 for
  more information on laws regarding intelligence activities.)
  4-44. A complicating factor in the practice of intelligence law is that many operational activities use similar
  means and methods to those employed for intelligence activities. This is particularly the case in the use of
  publicly available information and operational preparation of the environment, both of which are operational
  activities but have significant similarities to open-source intelligence and human intelligence activities
  respectively. While these operational activities are conducted pursuant to different authority and with a
  different reporting and oversight process, they raise many of the same sensitive issues as the similar
  intelligence activities. Thus, judge advocates not assigned to intelligence units must also be familiar with
  intelligence authorities and oversight requirements to ensure activities are accurately identified,
  distinguished, conducted, and reported, in accordance with the relevant requirements. Similarly, judge
  advocates assigned to intelligence units must also understand this distinction to ensure that operational
  activities are not misidentified and misanalysed, but rather are approved and conducted pursuant to the
  appropriate authorities.
  INTERNATIONAL LAW
  4-45. Within the Army, the practice of international law includes the interpretation and application of
  international agreements to which the United States is a party and applicable customary international law
  recognized by the United States.The practice of international law may also include the application offoreign
  law and comparative law. International law responsibilities include—
  (cid:122) Implementing the DOD Law of War Program, which includes law of armed conflict training,
  advice concerning the application of the law of armed conflict to military operations, the
  implementation of law of armed conflict standards, reporting of incidents, and reviews of
  incidents.
  (cid:122) Assisting with international legal issues relating to deployed U.S. forces, including the legal basis
  for conducting operations, status-of-forces and other international agreements, and the impact of
  foreign law on Army activities, contractors, and dependents.
  (cid:122) Monitoring foreign trials and confinement of Army military and civilian personnel and their
  dependents.
  (cid:122) Advising the command concerning the authority to negotiate and execute international
  agreements.
  (cid:122) Serving as legal liaison with host-nationor multinational legal authorities.
  4-46. International law support is normally provided at the main and tactical CPs in divisions and higher
  echelon headquarters; however, international law support may be required below the division echelon in
  somecircumstances. International law tasks vary from one level of command to the next and by phase, but
  they are designed to ensure operational capability and support international legitimacy through all phases of
  an operation.
  4-47. International law attorneys understand military plans and ensure they comply with international legal
  obligations, including obligations to noncombatants.International law planning objectives include informing
  the commander and staff of the international legal obligations on the use of force, minimizing adverse effects
  of the use of force, protecting the legal status of unit personnel, ensuring rights of transit, and providing
  responsive and economical host-nation support.
  4-48. Depending on the level of command, international law attorneys have close working relationships with
  the Department of State country team for the operational area, legal officials in the host-nation and coalition
  forces, and other government, nongovernmental, and international organizations—such as the International
  Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)—as directed by the commander. These relationships help sustain the
  operation, ensure compliance with international legal requirements, coordinate the legal aspects of the
  deployment and entry, and confirm understanding of agreements concerning status of forces, rights of transit,
  basing, and host-nation support.
  4-49. Advice to the commander may involve the law of armed conflict, implementing the DOD Detainee
  Program; interpretation of international agreements; treatment of civilians or foreign diplomats; assistance to
  international, U.S., or host-nation governmental or nongovernmental organizations; and other international