text: Civil Affairs Branch Overview
  1-7. Acknowledging civilian presence underscores the criticality of and the dynamic relationship between
  friendly forces, adversaries, and populations. These relationships affect and are affected by daily changes in
  the area of operations (AO). Several factors impact each AO, such as competing global and regional
  influences; urbanization; failed, failing, or recovering governance apparatus; non-state actors; other state
  actors; degraded economic conditions; pandemics; and other health crises. CA forces enable focused insights
  and understanding of the complex relationships and influences affecting civil societies, institutions, and
  populations within the AO. This enables commanders and their forces to have a clear understanding of the
  common operational picture. CA forces provide unique capabilities to engage the civil component, enabling
  consolidation activities that are fundamental to the stability of the affected population and civic institutions.
  TITLE 22, UNITED STATES CODE
  1-8. Most CAO will be conducted under the authority of 10 USC. However, there are some circumstances
  in which CAO will be conducted under 22 USC. 22 USC 2292 through 2292b address the international
  disaster assistance funds. The President may direct the DOD through the Secretary of Defense (SecDef) to
  respond to human-made or natural disasters. The President delegates disaster relief authority to the SecDef
  with concurrence of the Department of State (DOS) (except in emergencies). The DOD has limited authority
  to engage in disaster assistance. Through 22 USC 2292, Congress and the President provide the authorization
  for the U.S. to provide assistance to certain countries. Generally, each section after 2292b indicates particular
  countries that will be the intended recipient of this aid and additional countries will undoubtedly be added to
  the list as the magnitude of the disaster is known. In addition to funds mentioned in 10 USC, the bulk of
  foreign humanitarian assistance (FHA) operations will be funded in accordance with 22 USC 2292.
  1-9. 22 USC 2151 is the Foreign Assistance Act. This act is designed to focus on developing countries. It
  supports military assistance programs, foreign military financing programs, and international military education
  training programs. The Foreign Assistance Act also supports economic support funds; peacekeeping operations;
  international narcotics control and law enforcement programs; and nonproliferation, antiterrorism, demining,
  and related programs. The act contains provisions to assist foreign countries in fighting internal and external
  aggression by providing various forms of military assistance upon request (contingent upon Congressional
  approval). Despite a large DOD role in providing defense-related articles and services, the DOS controls the
  Foreign Assistance Act. This act also mandates close coordination and cooperation between the DOD and U.S.
  civilian agencies at all levels of the security assistance (SA) process.
  1-10. SA is a group of programs implemented by DOD in accordance with policies established by the DOS,
  through which the U.S. provides defense articles, military training, and other defense-related services to foreign
  nations by grant, loan, credit, or cash sales in furtherance of national policies and objectives. These programs
  are governed by 22 USC. CA forces enable, synchronize, coordinate, and integrate civil information and
  knowledge into the planning and development of the common operational picture for these missions. CA forces
  can also provide civil measures of performance or measures of effectiveness to determine the impact on the IPI.
  1-11. CA forces in support of SA programs are able to—
  * Identify host-nation requirements.
  * Develop civil networks to enable mission requirements.
  * Develop or review the nomination list of programs or projects to support the mission.
  * Make a determination of the feasibility of each program.
  1-12. The five principal components of SA are—
  * Foreign military sales.
  * Foreign military financing.
  * International military education and training.
  * Peace operations.
  * Excess defense articles.