text: Army Operations in Maritime Environments
  DEFEAT COMPONENTS OF ENEMY ANTIACCESS AND AREA
  DENIAL AND ENABLE JOINT OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS
  7-52. Army forces support joint defeat of enemy integrated air defense, fires and strike complexes,
  surveillance, and reconnaissance, and integrated C2 networks to enable success during joint operations. AMD
  and fire support are two of the Army’s critical contributions to these efforts, enabling ground, naval, and air
  forces to maintain access to the various regions of an operational environment.
  PROVIDE THEATER AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE
  7-53. Friendly ADA forces may protect maritime access points, such as shipping channels or ports, to enable
  the flow of combat power and theater sustainment. Considerations for employing ADA capabilities during
  AMD operations in a maritime environment are—
  (cid:122) Defeat enemy air and missile threats encountered in strategic and tactical operations, including
  medium-range, short-range, and close-range ballistic missiles; cruise missiles; UASs; rockets,
  artillery, and mortars; tactical air-to-surface missiles; and fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft.
  (cid:122) Integrate and maintain tactical data linkages to other Service and multinational forces conducting
  AMD operations in the JOA, weapons systems, sensors, effectors, and C2 nodes at each echelon.
  (cid:122) Provide early warning for air and missile attacks and disseminate attack warnings.
  (cid:122) Provide extended-range surveillance of the airspace and detect, acquire, track, classify,
  discriminate, and identify aerial objects from near-ground level to high altitudes in difficult terrain
  and in adverse weather conditions.
  (cid:122) Contribute to airspace management and control functions by identifying, coordinating, integrating,
  and deconflicting Army assets in the JOA airspace.
  7-54. The number and dispersion of critical assets across numerous islands may exceed the ability of
  available ADA forces to defend against the air and missile threats. The employment of passive AMD
  measures by tactical formations is critical to their survivability, particularly on remote islands that may not
  have access to sufficient active ADA capabilities or reinforcement from a neighboring island chain. Access
  to early warning networks with over-the-horizon and redundant communications increases reaction time and
  further mitigates risks for remote locations primarily using passive defense measures. (See FM 3-01 for more
  detailed information on planning considerations associated with AMD operations.)
  FORCIBLE ENTRY OPERATIONS
  7-55. In a maritime environment, Army forces are likely to conduct two complex forms of forcible entry
  operations: airborne or air assault and amphibious landing. Forcible entry operations seize and hold
  lodgments against armed opposition to set conditions for follow on operations. To set favorable conditions
  for success during forcible entry, commanders and staffs must—
  (cid:122) Visualize the entry location and understand the impact of other domains on forcible entry
  operations.
  (cid:122) Control air and maritime areas to protect the force and preserve lines of communications leading
  up to and during the entry.
  (cid:122) Disrupt enemy influence during entry.
  (cid:122) Isolate the lodgment from reinforcement by enemy forces.
  (cid:122) Maintain access to the lodgment throughout the duration of operations to build and sustain combat
  power.
  (cid:122) Manage the lodgment to integrate other supporting operations.
  (cid:122) Seize and maintain the initiative to achieve surprise throughout the entry operations.
  7-56. The JFC decides whether to conduct the forcible entry as a concurrent or integrated operation.
  Concurrent forcible entry operations occur when a combination of amphibious assault, airborne, air, or
  ground assault forcible entry operations are conducted simultaneously, but as distinct operations with
  separate AOs and objectives. Integrated forcible entry operations occur when amphibious assault, airborne
  assault, air assault, and ground forcible entries are conducted simultaneously within the same AO against