text: Operational Environment Overview
  Figure 1-4. Congestion in cyberspace and the electromagnetic spectrum
  CONTESTED ENVIRONMENTS
  1-33. As cyberspace and the EMS continue to become more congested, the capabilities of state and non-state
  actors to contest U.S. advantages in both areas have also expanded. State and non-state threats use a wide range
  of advanced technologies that may represent relatively inexpensive ways for a small or materially
  disadvantaged adversary to pose a significant threat to the United States. The application of low-cost cyberspace
  capabilities can provide an advantage against a technology-dependent nation or organization and an asymmetric
  advantage to those who could not otherwise effectively oppose U.S. military forces. Figure 1-5 on page 1-10,
  depicts an operational view of cyberspace and the EMS in a contested OE.