text: Command and Control During Multinational Operations
  orders, to include graphic control measures. The lead nation headquarters sends alerts for changes to orders,
  plans, processes, or graphics to all mission partners. Alerts can include chat text messages, email
  notifications, and alerts in the appropriate running estimates and commander updates.
  2-28. Common services enable improved information flow and shared understanding of a situation.
  Commander updates, while still based on the commander’s preference, focus on decision making and shared
  understanding of the current and future situations. These updates do not focus on sharing routine information
  available in running estimates or other easily accessed KM products.
  2-29. A single COP coordination cell effectively and efficiently builds and maintains a quality coalition COP.
  The COP coordination cell has representatives from each mission partner. It also has the ability and
  responsibility to monitor, correct, and report issues between the coalition COP (published over the MPN)
  and national COPs. The COP coordination cell provides a status of the coalition COP in relation to a national
  COP. Shared status increases mission partner trust and confidence during execution.
  ASSESS
  2-30. The interoperability assessment plan guides interoperability assessment. Staffs develop the plan during
  planning, and they rehearse and revise the plan during the preparation phase. The assessment plan includes
  key measures selected to inform progress against desired levels of interoperability and mission critical
  interoperability requirements. For example, if a commander wants to achieve integrated interoperability in
  C2 with all mission partners, then the commander establishes a COP coordination cell. An identified mission
  critical interoperability requirement to achieve a level 3 is a coalition COP. Measures selected to assess this
  requirement include COP accuracy, timeliness, and completeness. To consolidate monitoring and evaluation
  of these measures, the commander establishes a COP coordination cell staffed with network, data, and KM
  subject matter experts representing all mission partners. Staffs include COP coordination cell assessments in
  a running estimate. The assessments are included with the overall assessment of the coalition COP.
  Interoperability assessment consists of the following activities:
  • Monitoring the current situation, with a focus on the mission critical interoperability requirements
  and achieved levels of interoperability between mission partners and across warfighting functions.
  • Evaluating the progress toward achieving desired levels of interoperability and meeting mission
  critical interoperability requirements. This evaluation uses an interoperability running estimate,
  commander updates, or other commander-directed information sharing to determine and report root
  causes.
  • Directing changes to address interoperability gaps or challenges and improve established process
  and coordination.
  MONITOR
  2-31. The interoperability assessment plan defines responsibilities. This plan identifies a mission partner
  coordination center, other designated staff element, or leader as the overall lead for interoperability
  assessment. This lead conducts monitoring and aggregates monitoring results from other staff elements and
  commands to develop an accurate and complete picture of the current interoperability situation.
  2-32. Functional and special staffs identify and report any information flow, procedural, or other
  interoperability issues. Staffs monitor established processes, such as the military decision-making process or
  KM, for indicators that can be used to determine the extent to which interoperability has been achieved with
  mission partners. Indicators, often described as measures of performance and measures of effectiveness, are
  key to effective assessments. Measures of performance related to interoperability may include the number of
  mission partner staff officers participating in a planning group or the number and placement of liaison officers
  between headquarters. Measures of effectiveness related to interoperability may consist of the time required
  for mission partners to answer a request for information or provide intelligence in a common database.
  2-33. Staff or special organizations are assigned assessment responsibilities for specific interoperability
  capabilities. Examples include common services assessments and a coalition network operations and security
  center that is responsible for the network.