text: Foundations of Engineer Operations
  sustainment warfighting function, it may include many of the following tasks that also cross over to support
  movement and maneuver:
  * Constructing and repairing combat roads and trails that exceed the capability of combat engineer
  assets.
  * Providing forward aviation combat engineering that exceeds the capabilities of combat engineer
  assets.
   Repairing paved, asphalt, and concrete runways and airfields.
   Conducting airfield surveys.
   Providing firefighting and aircraft rescue services.
   Marking airfield landing and parking surfaces.
  * Constructing field-expedient landing strips for manned and unmanned aviation assets.
  * Constructing standard and nonstandard bridging.
  * Ensuring theater access through the construction and upgrade of LOCs, main supply routes, ports,
  airfields, and base camps.
  INTELLIGENCE
  The intelligence warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that facilitate understanding the
  enemy, terrain, civil considerations and other significant aspects of the operational environment (ADP 3-0).
  Engineering capabilities are employed to add to the situational understanding of the commander. Engineers
  play a major role during IPB supporting the G-2/battalion or brigade intelligence staff officer (S-2) and
  assistant chief of staff, operations (G-3)/battalion or brigade operations staff officer (S-3) analysis of terrain,
  weather, and civil considerations. Engineers also anticipate and provide digitized mapping and terrain
  analysis products. Geospatial engineering improves terrain visualization and understanding of the physical
  environment and provides SSGF to geospatial intelligence. During IPB, engineer staffs and planners provide
  a predictive and deductive analysis of enemy engineering capabilities to intelligence, provide civil
  infrastructure considerations for the operational variables (political, military, economic, social, information,
  infrastructure, physical environment, and time and strategic variables), and support the information collection
  plan through engineer reconnaissance. See chapter 5 for further support to IPB.
  Engineer information collection is a deliberate process. The engineer information collected assists
  commanders in determining the feasibility of areas for use based on the aspects of the terrain. Engineer
  information collection may be conducted remotely or physically, but it is an essential task performed during
  planning. An assessment of the AO begins well before the deployment of forces, and continuous assessments
  ensure that accurate information is provided to the COP. Engineer information collection may include, but is
  not limited to, conditions and capacities that support mobility, potential sources of construction materials,
  local construction standards, power generation and transmission capabilities, and geotechnical data in the AO
  (soils, geology, and hydrography). Engineer staffs at division, corps, theater army echelon, and in-theater
  engineer headquarters determine engineer information requirements in an AO; and they collect and analyze
  engineer information in coordination with the respective G-2.
  Engineer reconnaissance provides data and information that contribute to answering the commander’s
  critical information requirements and is necessary in the lines of engineer support. (See ATP 3-34.81 for
  additional information on engineer reconnaissance and the engineer reconnaissance teams.) To accomplish
  all four lines of engineer support, engineers must designate the specialized assets available to collect the
  information needed to answer these requirements. Reconnaissance is inherent in the three disciplines;
  however, the information collected may be different and tactical or technical in nature. The engineer
  disciplines provide a menu of reconnaissance capabilities. These vary in linkages to warfighting function
  tasks. They also vary in the type and degree of tactical or technical expertise and effort. The capabilities are
  provided and organized by combat and general engineer units, with overarching support from geospatial
  means. These units do not have organized and dedicated reconnaissance elements within the structure (except
  for the armored BCT), but they are organized with a mix of engineer specialties, expertise, and equipment.
  Commanders task-organize combat and general engineers with other elements from across the engineer
  disciplines or warfighting functions based on the mission and situation.