text: Appendix C
  * Morale and fighting capacity of the Soldiers.
  C-30. The senior commander in an encirclement assumes command over all encircled forces and takes
  immediate action to protect them. In the confusion leading to an encirclement, it may be difficult to determine
  what units are encircled, let alone identify the senior commander. However, the senior commander is
  identified within the encirclement as quickly as possible. That senior commander needs to decide quickly
  what assets should stay within the potential encircled pocket and what assets should leave. The senior
  commander immediately informs their higher echelon headquarters of the situation. Simultaneously, the
  senior commander directs the performance of the following tasks:
  * Establish security.
  * Re-establish a chain of command.
  * Establish a reserve.
  * Establish security elements as far forward as possible to provide early warning.
  * Reorganize and centralize control of all artillery.
  * Maintain morale.
  * Centralize the control of all supplies.
  C-31. The senior commander positions security elements as far forward as possible to reestablish contact
  with enemy forces and provide early warning. Vigorous patrolling begins immediately. Each unit clears its
  position to ensure that there are no enemy forces within the perimeter. Units use technical assets and
  electromagnetic warfare systems to augment local security and locate areas along the perimeter where enemy
  forces are deploying additional forces.
  C-32. The senior commander re-establishes unity of command. The senior commander reorganizes any
  fragmented units and places Soldiers separated from their parent units under the control of other units. The
  senior commander establishes a clear chain of command throughout the entire encircled force, adjusts support
  relationships with the encirclement, and re-establishes communications with units outside the encircled force.
  ORGANIZATION OF FORCES FOR AN ENCIRCLED DEFENDER
  C-33. With the establishment of a perimeter defense, the commander learns about the specific capabilities
  and limitations of the different friendly units isolated in the encirclement. The commander uses this
  information to design a defense to maximize the capabilities of available forces. Forward units establish
  mutually supporting positions around the perimeter and in depth along principal avenues of approach. Units
  occupy the best available defensible terrain. It may be necessary to attack to seize key or decisive terrain to
  incorporate that terrain into the perimeter defense. Once a unit is given an assigned area, preparations are the
  same as in the defense. Figure C-6 illustrates an encircled division’s perimeter defense. Encircled units make
  their defensive positions as strong as possible, given time and resource constraints. The unit anticipates that
  enemy forces will attempt to split the defenses of the encircled force and defeat it in detail.