text: Chapter 5
  Considerations for Stability
  This chapter discusses general characteristics of stability that influence the conduct of
  personnel recovery. It explains isolation risk and risk reduction strategies. It discusses
  DOD and DOS interaction and coordination with other partners.
  CHARACTERISTICS OF STABILITY
  5-1. Stability has distinct characteristics that influence personnel recovery operations. For example,
  command and support relationships frequently vary. Army forces operate under joint command and control,
  under the control of a multinational force, or under the operational control of a civilian entity, such as the
  DOS. They may also operate in conjunction with HN forces. Soldiers and other designated persons are
  among the population, they are vulnerable to hybrid threats, and they often operate under restrictive rules of
  engagement or rules on the use of force.
  5-2. Army forces conduct offensive, defensive, and stability tasks simultaneously. One unit may find
  itself conducting offensive or defensive tasks, while another unit is establishing civil control, providing
  support to governance, or training HN military forces. Soldiers scattered in remote areas are at increased
  risk of isolation. Vulnerabilities increase when stability operations require the use of nonmilitary personnel
  with little or no training in preventing isolation events. Personnel recovery characteristics in stability
  include addressing the local national sovereignty, HN security forces, local populations, and
  intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations. These factors interact to increase uncertainty and
  the chance of isolation.
  NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY
  5-3. Supporting the national sovereignty of the host nation is an important consideration in any
  deployment overseas. Nation-states are sovereign within their own territory. Army forces conducting
  personnel recovery activities do not violate this right. When a functional, effective HN government exists,
  Army and joint forces work with local civil and military authorities. Personnel recovery activities have a
  greater chance of success when the host nation is permissive and encourages U.S. military operations or is,
  at least, amenable to the presence of those forces on or over its territory. The worst-case scenario occurs
  when the political and security environments are in chaos, the state is in crisis or has failed altogether, and
  the host nation exercises little or no sovereignty over its territory. Normally, the situation hovers between
  these two poles.
  5-4. The host nation welcomes—or at least does not prevent—Army forces but imposes restrictions on
  their actions in an effort to exercise its sovereignty or to make U.S. operations more acceptable to its
  population. The restrictions for personnel recovery overseas fall into several categories:
  * Force size.
  * Force composition and capability employment.
  * Length of stay.
  * Scope of operations.
  * Government-to-government contact.
  * Mandatory use of local resources.
  * Operational actions and locations.