text: Intelligence During Multinational Operations
  PLANNING FOR MULTINATIONAL FORCES OPERATIONS
  4-11. UAPs may have policy restraints and sovereignty concerns. Such restraints and concerns mean that
  nations will likely limit their available assets to a multinational force. As a result, multinational forces accept
  that they will often have limited, decentralized control over some of their intelligence assets, and they will
  have no direct control over assets restricted by individual nations. These undisclosed assets are managed by
  the nation’s national intelligence cell. Multinational forces performing intelligence operations establish an
  intelligence fusion cell at the headquarters level through which intelligence tasks will flow. This cell helps
  integrate intelligence representatives and liaison personnel at each organizational level and improve access
  to intelligence capabilities. A staff bases information collection plans on matching intelligence requirements
  of a coalition organization with the available and accessible intelligence assets in the AO.
  4-12. The multinational force conducts ISR and information collection with an emphasis on leveraging the
  larger intelligence enterprise. The commander provides the intelligence staff with a clear mission statement
  and commander’s intent. The intelligence section then develops information and intelligence requirements
  that commanders review, matches assets with requirements, and requests joint ISR support. A multinational
  force’s ability to gather and process intelligence varies widely. The command’s collection manager accounts
  for this variance and tasks various intelligence assets and joint ISR platforms accordingly, matching
  collection assets with requirements to answer priority intelligence requirements. Sharing information and
  mutual support are key to integrating all resources into a system to best meet the command’s intelligence
  requirements.
  MULTINATIONAL FORCE COMMUNICATIONS AND PROCESSING
  4-13. The ability to collect, process, and disseminate information to many users requires effective lateral and
  vertical communications. UAPs come to an agreement during the planning phase of an operation as to what
  SOPs and data standards partners will use. The agreement also addresses using existing agreements such as
  those articulated in NATO STANAGs, ABCANZ standards, and other STANAGs. A lead nation establishes
  appropriate JMEI for the MPN to facilitate interoperability. Liaison officers at the multinational force
  headquarters provide subject matter expertise in their national capabilities and supplementary
  communications to their parent nations.
  4-14. Successful multinational intelligence operations use a common intelligence architecture to leverage
  capabilities of participating allies and partners. This architecture enables effective communications within
  the multinational force without compromising national security interests. Information and intelligence
  exchange requirements for multinational forces focus on enabling a common intelligence picture with two-
  way information flows among U.S. military commands and multinational partners. Establishing, testing, and
  validating the multinational force’s intelligence architecture during the preparation phase of the operation
  contribute to shared situational awareness and the intelligence preparation of the battlefield.
  INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS
  4-15. Intelligence operations are the tasks undertaken by military intelligence units through the intelligence
  disciplines to obtain information to satisfy validated requirements (ADP 2-0). Intelligence operations collect
  information about the intent, activities, and capabilities of threats and relevant aspects of an operational
  environment to support multinational commanders’ decision making. Data and information collected during
  intelligence operations are essential to developing timely, relevant, accurate, predictive, and tailored
  intelligence products. Intelligence operations use mission orders and standard command and support
  relationships. Intelligence operations are shaping operations the commander uses for the main effort.
  Flexibility and adaptability to changing situations are critical to conduct effective intelligence operations.
  (Refer to ADP 2-0 for more information on intelligence operations and intelligence disciplines.)
  4-16. The intelligence disciplines are as follows:
  • Counterintelligence.
  • Geospatial intelligence.
  • Human intelligence.
  • Measure and signature intelligence.
  • Open-source intelligence.