text: Chapter 2
  emerging space domain capabilities and effects to further improve the effectiveness of its operations. The
  Army’s ability to protect space forces through space control and countering enemy capabilities being used
  for purposes hostile to U.S. national interests yields military power and contributes to space superiority.
  2-7. The Army is more lethal when enabled by space capabilities and it endeavors to preserve its combat
  power. The Army leverages the advantages of space capabilities and counterspace effects to accomplish a
  wide variety of missions.
  2-8. Information operations are the integrated employment, during military operations, of information-
  related capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-
  making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own (JP 3-13). Space operations support
  information operations by using the space capabilities. Space-enable information operations uses capabilities
  such as SATCOM, PNT, space-based surveillance and reconnaissance, missile warning, and environmental
  monitoring.
  2-9. Space capabilities are a significant force multiplier when integrated with joint operations. Space
  operations enhance many areas including situational understanding, fires, movement, cyberspace
  electromagnetic activities, electronic warfare, information operations, protection, and many other
  capabilities. Space operations aid high-tempo, noncontiguous, dispersed, and decentralized operations across
  the range of military operations.
  THE SPACE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
  2-10. An OE is a composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of
  capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander (JP 3-0). An OE includes and encompasses physical
  areas and factors of the air, land, maritime, space, and cyberspace domains. An OE for any specific operation
  not only includes isolated conditions of interacting variables that exist within a specific area of operations,
  but also interconnected influences from a global or regional perspective, such as the political and economic
  influences that impact conditions and operations. Defining the OE results in the identification of significant
  threat characteristics which may affect friendly and enemy operations.
  2-11. An OE is neither domain specific nor a Service component; however, there are domain-centric
  considerations that contribute to an overall OE understanding. While Army space operations are most
  effective when integrated into operations, it is necessary to isolate elements of a space OE to determine what
  the variables are and how they may be integrated into the larger battlefield OE.
  2-12. A critical challenge for commanders, staffs, and unified action partners is creating shared
  understanding of their OE, an operation’s purpose, problems, and approaches to solving problems (ADP 6-
  0). A Space operations officers’ insights and understanding of how space operations enables joint and Army
  operations across the range of military operations are critical to developing a comprehensive space OE that
  contributes to a shared understanding of the overall OE. Space operations officers provide a foundation for
  developing shared situational understanding of the overall OE across all domains, improving awareness and
  understanding of friendly forces’ dependency on space capabilities, improving understanding of capabilities
  and limitations for friendly forces and the adversaries, and highlighting other conditions of the OE. The
  resulting understanding of the OE should be linked to the commander’s common understanding through the
  warfighting functions.
  2-13. Analysis of the broad aspects of the space OE in terms of the operational variables provides relevant
  information senior commanders and their staff’s use to understand, visualize, and describe the OE.
  Operational variables are a comprehensive set of information categories used to describe an operational
  environment. The operational variables are political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure,
  physical environment, and time (known as PMESII-PT).
  2-14. Upon receipt of a warning order or mission, Army commanders filter relevant information from the
  operational variables and narrow their focus using the six mission variables. Mission variables are the
  categories of specific information needed to conduct operations. The mission variables are mission, enemy,
  terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, and civil considerations (known as
  METT-TC). These variables are used by space planners during analysis to facilitate understanding.