text: Chapter 6
  art. 43; GC art. 27, 47, 64). The Occupying Power may suspend laws that constitute a threat to the Occupying
  Power’s security or the security of the general population, or laws constituting an obstacle to application of
  the law of occupation, provided it ensures protected persons are humanely treated (GC art. 27). In meeting
  obligations regarding public order and safety, the Occupying Power will continue to enforce the ordinary
  civil and criminal laws of the occupied territory, except to the extent authorized by the law of occupation to
  alter, suspend, or repeal such laws (see HR art. 43; GC art. 64). The Occupying Power is prohibited from
  arbitrarily exercising its authority to suspend, repeal, or change the municipal law applicable to occupied
  territory (see DOD Law of War Manual, 11.5.2).
  6-38. The Occupying Power’s obligations and authorities under the law of occupation are extensive. The
  Occupying Power has, in particular, the positive obligation and authority to ensure the protection, security,
  and welfare of the population living under occupation. This includes the obligation and authorities to ensure
  that the civilian population has adequate food and access to essential medical services, and related to ensuring
  the working of institutions for the care and education of children (GC arts. 50, 55, 56).
  NATURE OF THE OCCUPATION GOVERNMENT
  6-39. It is immaterial whether the government over an enemy’s territory consists of a military or civil or
  mixed administration. Its character is the same, and the source of its authority is the same. It is a government
  imposed by force and the legality of its actions are determined by LOAC (see DOD Law of War Manual,
  11.8.6). For example, in the initial stages of a military occupation, authority may be exercised exclusively by
  military authorities. In later stages, occupation authority is sometimes exercised through a civilian governing
  authority established by the Occupying Power.
  POWER OF THE OCCUPYING POWER OVER THE INHABITANTS
  6-40. The Occupying Power, as a belligerent State, may take such measures of control and security in regard
  to protected persons as may be necessary as a result of the armed conflict. In addition, the Occupying Power
  may take measures necessary to fulfill its duty to ensure public order and safety.
  6-41. The inhabitants of occupied territory have a duty to carry on their ordinary peaceful pursuits, to behave
  in an absolutely peaceful manner, to take no part whatever in the hostilities carried on, to refrain from all
  injurious acts toward the forces or in respect to their operations, and to render strict obedience to the orders
  of the Occupying Power. Subject to the restrictions imposed by international law, the Occupying Power may
  demand and enforce from the inhabitants of occupied territory such obedience as may be necessary for the
  security of its forces, for the maintenance of law and order, and for the proper administration of the country.
  LOCAL GOVERNMENTS UNDER DURESS OR SURROGATE GOVERNMENTS AND ACTS BY
  AGENTS
  6-42. Obligations of the Occupying Power may not be avoided through appointment of a surrogate or puppet
  government, central or local, to carry out acts that would be unlawful if performed directly by the Occupying
  Power. Such acts induced or compelled by the Occupying Power are nonetheless its acts (see GC art. 29).
  FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT
  6-43. The functions of the hostile government continue only to the extent they are sanctioned by the
  Occupying Power. The Occupying Power may permit the government of the country to perform some or all
  of its normal functions.
  6-44. The compulsion of civil servants and other officials of local governments to continue to execute their
  duties must be justified by military necessity and be consistent with applicable provisions of the GC.
  GENERAL CONTINUATION OF MUNICIPAL LAW OF OCCUPIED TERRITORY AS BETWEEN
  INHABITANTS
  6-45. In general, the municipal law of the occupied territory (i.e., the ordinary domestic civil and criminal
  law) and the administration of such law remain in full force so far as the inhabitants of occupied territory are