text: Airspace Control in Operations
  and missile defense (TAMD) plan. Typically, the AADC has the preponderance of AMD capabilities in
  theater and the ability to provide joint command and control.
  2-19. The AAMDC has overall responsibility for planning Army AMD operations supporting the JFC. The
  AAMDC task organizes and assigns missions to the subordinate ADA brigades once planning is complete.
  The AAMDC has dedicated liaison teams that can deploy to liaise with major theater and Army forces
  elements (such as JFACC, JFLCC, joint special operations task force, and BCD) to facilitate and integrate
  Army forces AMD planning and operations. In some cases, the AAMDC conducts split-based operations that
  preclude them from being in theater. If the AAMDC is not located in theater, the responsibility for planning
  falls to the highest echelon ADA organization in the theater as well as for providing liaisons to the JFLCC,
  BCD, and AADC. FM 3-01, ATP 3-01.7, and ATP 3-01.94 provide a more in-depth explanation of the
  command and support relationships for theater AMD.
  Air Traffic Service
  2-20. Army air traffic service (ATS) units control airspace necessary to support airfield operations and can
  operate a fully instrumented airfield with control tower and airport surveillance and precision approach radar
  capabilities. ATS units are organic to either the CAB or the theater airfield operations group. Airfield
  operations battalions provide additional ATS forces that support theater-level requirements. One theater
  airfield operations group can support three theater airfields and operate from a single base or conduct split-
  based operations in multiple locations within the theater AO. These units establish and operate airfields as
  needed in the theater AO. The theater airfield operations group consists of an ATS standardization element
  that provides oversight, technical expertise, standardization to Army airfields at theater level and quality
  assurance for training and certification of controllers and ATS maintenance personnel.
  Coordination and Liaison Elements
  2-21. The JFACC establishes one or more joint air component coordination elements (JACCEs). JACCEs
  co-locate with the joint force commander’s headquarters and other component commanders’ headquarters.
  Such physical locations enable the JFACC to integrate air and space operations with component operations
  and the JTF headquarters to better integrate air and space operations within the overall joint force. When
  established, these elements act as the JFACC’s primary representatives to the respective commanders and
  facilitate interaction among the respective staffs. The JACCE facilitates integration by exchanging current
  intelligence, operational data, and support requirements. It also aids integration by coordinating JFACC
  requirements for airspace coordinating measures (ACMs), joint fire support coordination measures, CAS, air
  mobility, and space requirements. As such, the JACCE is a liaison element, not a command and control node
  and thus, the JACCE normally has no authority to direct or employ forces. The makeup of the JACCE
  depends on the scope of the operation and the size of the staff with whom they will liaise. If the JACCE
  performs liaison duties for the commander, Air Force forces and JFACC staff, then it tailors the duties with
  the expertise necessary to perform effectively. Element expertise includes plans, operations, intelligence,
  airspace management, logistics, space, and air mobility, as needed. The JACCE also communicates the
  component commander’s decisions and interests to the JFACC. However, the JACCE does not replace,
  replicate, or circumvent normal request mechanisms already in place in the component or JTF staffs, nor
  supplant normal planning performed by the Army operations center and Air Force forces staff. The JACCE
  director is the JFACC’s personal and official representative.
  2-22. As the Army liaison to the JFACC, the BCD is located in the joint air operations center (JAOC). The
  Army Service component commander provides the BCD as a liaison element to the Service component
  commander designated as the JFACC. The BCD personnel work with their counterparts in the JAOC to
  facilitate planning, coordination, and execution of joint air-ground in support of Army operations (see FM 3-
  94, FM 3-09, and ATP 3-09.13). BCD participates in airspace coordination by ensuring that—
  * The JFACC understands the operational Army commander’s intent, priorities, and objectives.
  * BCD facilitates the exchange of operational and intelligence data between the air and ground
  component commanders.
  * Process pre-planned Army airspace coordinating measure request (ACMREQ) with the
  appropriate JAOC elements.