text: Chapter 1
  cooperation between forces to ensure success. It also shapes how the conflict is characterized. For example,
  in Vietnam, both the United States and North Vietnam deployed their armed forces and, although major
  battles occurred, the United States characterized much of the war as a counterinsurgency.
  1-50. Large-scale combat operations against peer threats present additional challenges resulting from their
  integrated air defense systems, long-range fires, and other advanced capabilities that limit friendly access and
  freedom of action across all domains. In this highly contested multi-domain environment, armies, corps, and
  divisions play pivotal roles in penetrating enemy integrated air defense systems, disintegrating the integrated
  fires complex, exploiting success, and sustaining the high operational tempo across all domains required for
  success.
  1-51. Successful large-scale combat operations defeat or destroy an enemy’s armed forces and seize terrain.
  Commanders assess them in terms of numbers of military units destroyed or rendered combat ineffective, the
  level of enemy resolve, and the terrain objectives seized or secured. Not all large-scale combat operations are
  protracted. Joint operations may capitalize on superior military capability to quickly overwhelm a weaker
  enemy. Doctrine, including the principles of war, was originally developed for large-scale ground combat
  operations.
  DETERRENCE
  1-52. Deterrence applies across the competition continuum. The purpose of deterrence is to dissuade an
  adversary from taking undesirable actions because of friendly capabilities and the will to use them.
  Deterrence takes different forms according to the particulars of the situation and its location on the
  competition continuum. Many of the operations listed in the range of military operations may serve as
  deterrents in certain situations. The joint force seeks to deter adversaries from taking a specific action, but
  even if that fails, the force will continue to seek ways to deter further unwanted actions. For example, the
  joint force seeks to deter an attack against a partner or ally, but even if that occurs it is still possible to deter
  the attacker from expanding the war. (See JP 3-0 and FM 3-0 for doctrine on the competition continuum and
  Army operations.)
  UNIFIED ACTION AND JOINT OPERATIONS
  1-53. Army forces operate with a variety of other forces and organizations in a comprehensive approach
  called unified action. Unified action is the synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities
  of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort (JP 1).
  Unified action partners are those military forces, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and
  elements of the private sector with whom Army forces plan, coordinate, synchronize, and integrate during
  the conduct of operations (ADP 3-0). These operations ensure unity of effort and create multiple dilemmas
  for enemy forces that allow friendly forces to maximize the capabilities of military power.
  1-54. Military operations are inherent in unified action, and they are most often joint and multinational in
  execution. Joint operations are military actions conducted by joint forces and those Service forces employed
  in specified command relationships with each other, which of themselves, do not establish joint forces
  (JP 3-0). These operations are the primary way that the Department of Defense (DOD) employs two or more
  Services in a single operation, particularly in combat. A joint force is a force composed of elements, assigned
  or attached, of two or more Military Departments operating under a single joint force commander (JP 3-0).
  The Army depends on and supports air, naval, and space forces across all domains. The Army supports other
  Services, combatant commands, multinational forces, and unified action partners in operations as required.
  Army forces give the joint force depth and versatility by offering combatant commanders multiple options
  to achieve objectives.
  UNIFIED LAND OPERATIONS AND DECISIVE ACTION
  1-55. Unified land operations is the Army’s operational concept and contribution to unified action. Unified
  land operations is the simultaneous execution of offense, defense, stability, and defense support of civil
  authorities across multiple domains to shape operational environments, prevent conflict, prevail in large-
  scale ground combat, and consolidate gains as part of unified action (ADP 3-0). Army forces defeat enemy