text: Troop Movement
  Approach March Organization
  14-17. Units use approach marches in a theater of operations when contact with an enemy force is possible
  or anticipated. This style of movement emphasizes tactical considerations such as security over the efficiency
  of movement. Units organize their subordinate forces to conduct combat operations in an approach march
  and generally maintain unit integrity throughout its movement. Units plan for enemy interference while
  moving or shortly after arriving at its destination. Units conducting an approach march use formations and
  techniques consistent with the mission variables. The unit may conduct them over unsecured routes if no
  friendly forces exist between the foremost elements of the moving force and enemy forces. The echelon
  operations officer is responsible for planning these tactical movements with input from other staff members.
  14-18. During approach marches, units use movement formations and movement techniques to balance
  security and speed throughout the operation. The seven movement formations are—
  * Column.
  * Line.
  * Wedge.
  * Echelon (left or right).
  * Vee.
  * Diamond.
  * Box.
  14-19. The three movement techniques are—
  * Traveling.
  * Traveling overwatch.
  * Bounding overwatch.
  See Chapter 2 for more information on movement formations and movement techniques.
  Tactical Road March or Forced March Organization
  14-20. The organization for a tactical road march and forced march is the march column. A march column
  is all march serials using the same route for a single movement under control of a single commander.
  The subordinate element for a march column is a march serial. A march serial is a subdivision of a march
  column organized under one commander. An example is a battalion serial formed from a brigade-sized
  march column. The subordinate element for the march serial is a march unit. A march unit is a subdivision
  of a march serial. It moves and halts under the control of a single commander who uses voice and visual
  signals. An example of a march unit is a company from a battalion-sized march serial.
  14-21. A march column provides excellent speed, control, and flexibility but only provides local security.
  Units use a march column when speed is essential and enemy contact is unlikely. However, units space
  functional and multifunctional support elements, such as air defense and engineers, throughout the column
  to protect and support the movement. Prior to movement, reconnaissance elements conduct route
  reconnaissance of the predetermined march route to determine trafficability. Units organize a march column
  into four elements: reconnaissance, quartering party, main body, and trail party.
  14-22. The reconnaissance element conducts route reconnaissance and area reconnaissance of the assembly
  areas. A thorough reconnaissance of the route leading to the start point will assist units in crossing the start
  point on time. Each serial should conduct its own reconnaissance. The reconnaissance element uses the
  reconnaissance fundamentals and executes reconnaissance tasks discussed in Chapter 12.
  14-23. A quartering party is a group dispatched to a new assigned area in advance of the main body.
  A unit quartering party usually accompanies the route reconnaissance effort to the designated assembly area
  or established RP. Unit SOPs establish the exact composition of the quartering party and its transportation,
  security, communications equipment needs, and specific duties. However, it is small enough to move quickly
  while still maintaining a significant self-defense capability. The leader of the quartering party is empowered
  by the commander of the main body to make tactical decisions. The quartering party secures, reconnoiters,
  and organizes an area for the main body’s arrival and occupation. It typically reconnoiters and confirms the
  tentative locations selected by the commander of its parent element based on a map reconnaissance. When