text: Army Tactics
  At the tactical unit level, the greatest threat may be an enemy command and control system, which directs
  the fires and maneuver of the enemy force.
  Mass the Effects of Direct Fire
  1-115. Leader’s mass direct fires to achieve decisive results. Massing direct fires entails focusing available
  direct fires at critical points and distributing the effects. Random application of direct fires is unlikely to have
  a desired effect on the enemy.
  Employ the Best Weapon for the Specific Target
  1-116. Using the appropriate weapon for the target increases the probability of rapid enemy destruction or
  suppression while preserving resources. Key factors on determining the employment of weapon and
  ammunition type are target type, range, exposure, weapons and ammunition availability, and desired targets
  effects. Units array forces based on the mission variables.
  Avoid Target Overkill
  1-117. Target overkill—the overuse of weapon systems to achieve an effect—wastes ammunition and ties
  up weapons that are better employed acquiring and engaging other threats. Having every weapon engage a
  different threat, however, must be tempered by the requirement to destroy the greatest threats first.
  Commanders use only the amount of fire required to achieve the necessary effects. There may be reasons to
  demonstrate target overkill as a method directed against enemy morale in specific conditions related to
  commander’s intent.
  Minimize Exposure
  1-118. The unit increases its survivability by exposing Soldiers to the minimal extent necessary to engage
  the enemy effectively. Natural or manmade defilades provide the best cover from lethal direct fire munitions.
  Friendly units minimize exposure by constantly seeking effective available cover, attempting to engage the
  enemy from the flank, remaining dispersed, firing from multiple positions, and limiting engagement times.
  Plan and Implement Control Measures
  1-119. The unit has numerous tools to assist in the planning and implementation of controlling direct fires.
  These tools include graphic control measures for friendly forces, engagement criteria, identification training
  for combat vehicles and aircraft, unit weapons safety posture, weapons control status, recognition markings,
  and a situational understanding to include range cards, area sketches, and rehearsals. Knowledge and
  employment of applicable control measures are the primary means of preventing fratricide and noncombatant
  casualties.
  Plan for Limited-Visibility Conditions
  1-120. Units operating during hours of limited visibility can engage enemy forces at nearly the same range
  as during daylight hours with limited-visibility fire control equipment. Units should inspect and bring their
  limited-visibility equipment prior to conducting operations. This prevents Soldiers from becoming
  unprepared to the changes in the weather and from daylight to nighttime.
  1-121. Obscurants such as dense fog, heavy smoke, and blowing sand can reduce the capabilities of thermal
  and infrared equipment. Although decreased acquisition capabilities have minimal effect on area fire, point
  target engagements can occur at decreased ranges. The unit develops contingency plans for such extreme
  limited-visibility conditions, such as establishing listening posts, trigger lines, and target reference points
  capable of visual contact with thermals.
  Plan for Degraded Capabilities
  1-122. The unit initially develops a plan based on the unit’s maximum effective capabilities. It then makes
  alternate plans for implementation in the event of casualties, weapon damage, or failure. While units cannot
  anticipate or plan for every situation, they plan for the most probable occurrences. Building redundancy into