text: Foundations of Counterinsurgency
  Roadblock
  3-172. A barrier or obstacle (usually covered by fire) used to block or limit the movement of vehicles
  along a route.
  Checkpoint
  3-173. Checkpoints are manned locations used to control movement that may be established from 1 to 72
  hours depending on the purpose of the operation.
  Inspections
  3-174. This includes random cordons and searches, both day and night, of homes, shops and buildings
  for arms, propaganda material and insurgents. The use of military working dog teams can be very effective
  in intercepting contraband. To decrease population resentment, it is important to ensure intelligence
  supports the inspections. An inspection can also be used as a subterfuge for a meeting with key people.
  Rewards for Cooperation and Compliance
  3-175. A separate, yet related, function is the rewarding of cooperation or compliance. The ultimate
  reward to the society as a whole is the removal or reduction of restrictions. However, this must be balanced
  with the increased potential of the insurgent to gain benefit from these reduced or removed restrictions.
  • Cooperative towns, villages or neighborhoods may be collectively rewarded by essential
  service projects or economic stimulation projects.
  • At the individual level, the government may provide monetary or material rewards
  for information on suspicious activities.
  Protection Measures
  3-176. A form of protection measures is internment and resettlement, which consist of those measures
  necessary to provide shelter, sustain, guard, protect, and account for people (enemy prisoners of war
  [EPWs] and civilian internees [CIs]), US military prisoners, and dislocated civilians [DC]. Resettlement
  of a population may vary from a geographic based resettlement to the resettlement of a specific population
  group within a defined area. Resettlement operations should be under Host Nation direction and control.
  For more information, see FM 3-19.40.
  Section VI—PHASES
  Major counterinsurgency tactical operations are long-term population security operations conducted in territory
  generally under Host Nation government control to establish, regain, or maintain control of those areas
  and to provide adequate security and control to the populace to allow restoration of essential services
  and improvements to the economy. They typically move through three phases. They combine offensive,
  defensive, and stability operations to achieve the stable and secure environment needed for effective
  governance, essential services, and economic development to flourish. At the operational level, the phases
  are—the initial response phase, the transformation phase, and the fostering sustainability phase. At the tactical
  level, these three phases may resemble the three parts of a clear-hold-build operation. Understanding this
  evolution and recognizing the relative maturity of the AO are important for the proper planning, preparation,
  execution, and assessment of COIN operations. It is also important to recall that the insurgent also operates
  in three stages—latent and incipient, guerrilla warfare, and war of movement. This knowledge allows
  commanders to ensure that their activities are appropriate to the current situation.
  INITIAL RESPONSE PHASE
  3-177. The initial response phase generally reflects tasks executed to stabilize the operational
  environment in a crisis. During this phase, military forces perform stability tasks during or directly after a
  conflict where the security situation hinders the introduction of civilian personnel. Activities during the
  initial response phase aim to provide a safe, secure environment as well as to attend to the immediate
  essential service needs of the Host Nation population. At the tactical level, the initial response may appear