text: Mission Command
  offensive. These operations establish and maintain secure communications, detect and deter threats in
  cyberspace to the DODIN,analyze incidents when they occur,react to incidents,and then recover and adapt
  while supporting Army and joint forces from strategic to tactical levels while simultaneously denying enemy
  and adversary effective use of cyberspace and the EMS. The Army’s contribution to the DODIN is the
  technical network that encompasses the Army information management systems and information systems
  that collect, process, store, display, disseminate, and protect information worldwide. Army cyberspace
  operations provide support to,and receive support from,joint cyberspace operations. The close coordination
  and mutual support with joint cyberspace operations provides Army commanders and staffs enhanced
  capabilities for operations.
  4-330. A cyberspace capability is a device,computer program,or technique,including any combination of
  software, firmware, or hardware, designed to create an effect in or through cyberspace. The analysis of
  mission variables specific to cyberspace operations enables the BCT to integrate and synchronize cyberspace
  capabilities to support the operation. For cyberspace operations, mission variables provide an integrating
  framework upon which critical questions can be asked and answered throughout the operations process. The
  questions may be specific to either the wired portion of cyberspace,the EMS,or both. For example—
  (cid:122) Where can we integrate elements of cyberspace operations to support the BCT’s mission?
  (cid:122) What enemy vulnerabilities can be exploited by cyberspace capabilities?
  (cid:122) What are the opportunities and risks associated with the employment of cyberspace operations
  capabilities when terrain and weather may cause adverse impacts on supporting information
  technology infrastructures?
  (cid:122) What resources are available (internal and external) to integrate, synchronize, and execute
  cyberspace operations?
  (cid:122) How can we synchronize offensive and defensive cyberspace operations and related desired
  effects with the scheme of maneuver within the time available for planning and execution?
  (cid:122) How can we employ cyberspace operations without negative impacts on noncombatants?
  (cid:122) How can an Army cyberspace operations support team support cyberspace operations in the BCT
  area of operations?
  4-331. Cyberspace operations provide a means by which BCT forces can achieve periods or instances of
  cyberspace superiority to create effects to support the commander’s objectives. The employment of
  cyberspace capabilities tailored to create specific effects is planned, prepared, and executed using existing
  processes and procedures. However,there are additional processes and procedures that account for the unique
  nature of cyberspace and the conduct of cyberspace operations to support BCT operations. The BCT
  commander and staff, along with subordinate commanders and staffs, apply additional measures for
  determining where,when,and how to use cyberspace effects.
  4-332. Commanders and staffs at each echelon will coordinate and collaborate regardless of whether the
  cyberspace operation is directed from higher headquarters or requested from subordinate units. The BCT’s
  intelligence process,informed by the division and corps intelligence process,provides the necessary analysis
  and products from which targets are vetted and validated and aimpoints are derived. Because of the BCT
  IPB, informed by echelons above brigade IPB and joint intelligence preparation of the operational
  environment, network topologies are developed for enemy, adversary, and host-nation technical networks.
  In the context of cyberspace and the EMS, network topology are overlays that graphically depict how
  information flows and resides within the operational area and how the network transports data in and out of
  the area of interest.
  4-333. As part of CEMA, staffs at each echelon perform a key role in target network node analysis. As
  effects are determined for target and critical network nodes,staffs prepare,submit,and track the cyber effects
  request format (known as CERF)or electromagneticattack request format (see paragraph 4-336). The CERF
  is the format forces use to request effects in and through cyberspace. Effects in cyberspace can support
  operations in any domain. Execution orders provide authorization to execute cyberspace effects. Support in
  response to CERFs may be from joint cyberspace forces such as the combat mission teams,from other joint
  or service capabilities,or from service retained cyberspace forces.
  4-334. The CERF will elevate above the corps echelon and integrate into the joint targeting cycle for
  follow-on processing and approval. The joint task force, combatant command, and U.S. Cyber Command