text: Sustainment Operations During Armed Conflict
  appropriate support functions. Interaction with the supported unit planners is critical to this understanding.
  At the brigade or division level, this requires interaction with the maneuver battalion headquarters. At
  echelons with staff, the interaction must be with the S-1/G-1, S-3/G-3, S-4/G-4, S-8/G-8, and the unit
  surgeon.
  5-51. The concept of operations drives requirements determination for all sustainment functions. Ideally, it
  will identify support priorities in terms of units, support functions, and commodities. This allows sustainment
  commanders to understand the sustainment requirements and plan accordingly.
  5-52. In addition to the concept of operations, sustainment commanders must understand the OE and the
  problems it presents to support operations. This is one of the most critical aspects of supporting large-scale
  combat operations. Time, space, enemy, and environmental threats all impact a sustainment commander's
  ability to develop an executable support concept. Planning for echeloned sustainment support should be done
  on a continuous basis. Figure 5-2 depicts an example of echeloned sustainment using field, combat, and
  company trains. Operational and mission variables should be considered when actually selecting locations
  and determining distances between locations. The purpose of the field trains is to receive, configure and
  deliver all classes of supply forward and synchronize with the BSB. The purpose of the combat trains is to
  support application of combat power and return it to the unit’s fighting formations and to execute sustainment
  operations with company trains. Additional information on field and combat trains can be found in ATP 4-90.
  Figure 5-2. Example of echeloned support
  5-53. Risk, uncertainty, and chance are inherent in all military operations. Sustainment planners must seek
  to balance and understand risks, rather than avoid them, to ensure continuous sustainment of the operational
  force. Sustainment planners should develop mitigation and risk reduction strategies to reduce and/or
  minimize the effects of risks. Military deception activities seek to hold the adversary's attention and can
  mitigate the impact of hazards that drive risk. Sustainment capabilities can be used at echelon by operational
  commanders to deceive an adversary. Conducting joint logistics-over-the shore operations at multiple ports