text: Command and Control of ADA Forces
  according to specified authorities and controls promulgated by the AADC. This complex environment results
  in the following set of conditions, which characterize nearly all AMD operations:
  * AMD operations are inherently joint and interdependent.
  * Army AMD operations require an integrated and networked C2 system.
  * Command of ADA forces is exercised by Army commanders.
  * Control of Army AMD fires is exercised in accordance with JFC directives and by delegated
  authorities.
  AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE OPERATIONS ARE INHERENTLY
  JOINT AND INTERDEPENDENT
  4-42. The JFC counters air and missile threats to ensure freedom of action, provide protection, and deny
  enemy freedom of action (JP 3-01). The service component commands of the joint force normally are tasked
  to conduct operations in support of the counterair mission to maximize the complementary and reinforcing
  capabilities that each service brings to joint warfighting while minimizing relative vulnerabilities.
  4-43. The U.S. Army provides the primary land-based AMD to the joint force. The JFC depends on the Army
  to execute AMD of critical assets from the land within the context of a larger joint counterair mission, which
  includes offensive and defensive operations. As the land AMD force to the larger joint defensive counterair
  effort, ADA forces depend on other service capabilities to provide space-, air-, and land-based intelligence,
  surveillance and reconnaissance to detect, track, provide early warning of air and missile threats, and cue
  ADA weapon systems to effectively counter these threats. The combination of Army AMD capabilities
  brought to the joint counterair effort, coupled with the support required of other services, make AMD
  operations inherently joint and interdependent.
  4-44. ADA commanders must build a cohesive Army team that understands joint doctrine, tactics, techniques
  and procedures, and that is trusted by other members of the joint force. Further, through joint training and
  exercises, collaboration, and regular interaction, ADA commanders and those of other service components
  foster shared understanding that is critical to the execution of the joint counterair mission.
  ARMY AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE OPERATIONS REQUIRE AN
  INTEGRATED AND NETWORKED COMMAND AND CONTROL
  SYSTEM
  4-45. ADA forces dependence on other service capabilities, as well as on each other, requires that all
  contributing systems (or sensor and shooter components) be networked and integrated to the greatest extent
  possible to facilitate a shared understanding of the operational environment for the air domain. Current
  capabilities are somewhat limited in the extent to which they are able to network and integrate due to their
  unique system interfaces. These capabilities rely on joint tactical data links to share track data and coordinate
  engagements. The Army has established an interface control officer position in the AAMDC, ADA brigades,
  corps, and divisions to focus on the planning and integration of the many Army and joint systems, networks,
  and information exchange capabilities. The Army interface control officer works with the designated joint
  interface control officer who is normally located at the joint air operations center (JAOC). The joint interface
  control officer is responsible for planning and managing the links over which critical force operations and
  engagement operations data is passed between joint AMD capabilities. See chapter 12 for more information
  on the networks and the Army’s interface control officer.
  4-46. To overcome the inherent system-centric limitations to integration, the Army is developing the
  Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command (IBCS) system, a comprehensive and common
  networked C2 capability package that will leverage all relevant external data links for full joint integration;
  integrate all Army AMD sensor, shooter, and C2 platforms; employ an integrated defense design planning
  capability; provide a robust tool set to manage both force and engagement operations; and, allow for dynamic
  task organization of previously stove-piped ADA systems and major components into tailored force
  packages. By employing these capabilities, ADA forces will be able to overcome many of the inherent