text: Chapter 1
  OPERATIONAL REACH
  1-65. Operational reach is the distance and duration across which a force can successfully employ military
  capabilities (JP 3-0). Depth is the extension of operations in time, space, or purpose to achieve definitive
  results (ADP 3-0). Depth and simultaneous operations are linked. Human resources organizations and entities
  must be able to simultaneously provide support across the breadth of an AO and to conduct support for more
  than one type of mission.
  1-66. Army forces require significant sustainment to strike enemy forces and disrupt or destroy them
  throughout their depth, prevent the effective employment of reserves, and neutralize command and control
  nodes, sustainment elements, and other capabilities not in direct contact with friendly forces. Operations in
  depth disrupt the enemy’s decision and contribute to protecting the force by destroying enemy capabilities
  before the enemy can use them. Commanders balance their forces’ tempo and momentum to produce
  simultaneous results throughout their operational areas. To achieve simultaneity, commanders establish a
  higher tempo to target enemy capabilities located at the limit of a force’s operational reach. Generally, the
  higher the tempo of operations, particularly during LSCO, the greater the demand for sustainment.
  1-67. Sustainment operations are critical to enabling operational reach. The Army’s sustainment capability
  assists in providing crucial theater and port-opening functions that further enable the strategic and operational
  reach of the joint force. Army sustainment capabilities continue to provide the bulk of Army support to other
  Services, common-user logistics, and other common sustainment resources to prevent friendly forces from
  culminating.
  1-68. Facing a peer threat in LSCO requires the use of effective integration of all domains of warfare. To
  support maneuver commanders during LSCO, where heavy losses are expected, HR planners and leaders
  must properly plan for and allocate a continuous flow of non-unit related personnel (NRP) replacements to
  fulfill unit personnel needs. Non-unit related personnel replacements become the primary means of
  replacements because units will likely remain deployed for the duration of the conflict. Beyond personnel
  replacements, HR support is crucial for estimating casualties and maintaining PASR in all aspects of
  multi-domain operations.
  FREEDOM OF ACTION
  1-69. Freedom of action enables commanders to achieve operational initiative and maintain operational
  tempo. Successful sustainment commanders facilitate freedom of action by planning and executing
  sustainment activities able to support the greatest possible number of courses of action for the supported
  commander in a situation. Effective sustainment execution provides continuous and responsive sustainment
  allowing supported commanders to operate freely.
  1-70. Effective HR support enables freedom of action, especially with manning requirements. Proper
  manning allows maneuver units to support mission requirements and maintain flexibility to support LSCO.
  Sustainers enable freedom of action by conducting sustainment preparation of the operational environment,
  synchronizing the sustainment plan with the scheme of maneuver, and maintaining flexibility and disciplined
  initiative while supporting maneuver commanders. The proper application of the mission command
  philosophy to sustainment operations encourages the greatest possible freedom of action for subordinates.
  Appropriate sustainment unit command and support relationships equips subordinate commanders with the
  authority and flexibility to act boldly and achieve desired support effects in the absence of continuous
  direction from higher.
  PROLONGED ENDURANCE
  1-71. Endurance refers to the ability to employ combat power anywhere for protracted periods. It stems from
  the ability to organize, protect, and sustain a force, regardless of the distance from its base and the austerity
  of the environment. Endurance involves anticipating requirements and making the most effective, efficient
  use of available resources. Endurance gives Army forces their campaign quality. It makes permanent the
  transitory effects of other capabilities. Being able to operate independently is extremely important to
  maneuver commanders.