text: Chapter 6
  Electromagnetic attack capabilities help tactical leaders deny enemy forces access to reliable
  communications, and they can play a major role in creating psychological isolation. Destroying enemy
  command posts at one echelon can isolate that echelon’s subordinate formations from the next higher
  echelon, temporarily causing significant disruption to coherent C2.
  6-120. While isolation on its own may not cause defeat, it increases the vulnerability of enemy forces to
  destruction, dislocation, and disintegration. It can also reduce the will to fight and increase the probability of
  uninformed decision making, which then amplifies the effects of the other defeat mechanisms.
  DISINTEGRATE
  6-121. To disintegrate is to attack the cohesion of the whole and involves preventing components of an
  enemy formation or capability from fulfilling their role as part of the overall effort. Disintegration causes the
  formation or capability to function less effectively, creating vulnerabilities that the friendly force can exploit.
  Disintegration is most effective when created by a combination of the other three defeat mechanisms, and it
  includes both physical and cognitive effects on enemy forces. Disintegration is typically temporary and
  causes enemy forces to adapt. Creating more lasting effects requires forces that are ready to exploit the
  opportunity provided by disintegration. Commanders ensure they have sufficient combat power for
  exploitation, and they synchronize their exploitation efforts with the temporal effects of disintegration.
  6-122. Disintegration sets conditions for achieving operational level objectives. Destruction, isolation, and
  dislocation all focus on relatively limited parts of a larger enemy force in specific geographic areas, whereas
  the effects of disintegration can have repercussions throughout the depth and breadth of the enemy’s
  echelons. Effective disintegration can cause collapse of coherent organized resistance for operationally
  significant periods.
  6-123. To disintegrate an enemy formation or capability, commanders need only to disrupt or
  desynchronize enemy forces to the degree required for achieving the desired end state. In this sense,
  disintegration provides a measure of economy the other defeat mechanisms do not. Commanders do not need
  to create decisive effects at a single point in space, time, or domain. Even modest impacts on a combination
  of objectives across multiple domains can produce the necessary effects over time.
  Operational-Level Disintegration
  6-124. Operational-level echelons disintegrate large enemy formations and their capabilities by attacking
  their individual components. Attacking operational-level C2 infrastructure impacts all enemy functions, and
  it is the most direct way to cause disintegration. Degrading enemy communications using a combination of
  lethal fires, electromagnetic attack, and joint-enabled offensive cyberspace operations disrupts an enemy
  force’s ability to synchronize operations. Deception compounds and accelerates the effects the other defeat
  mechanisms contribute towards disintegration.
  6-125. Army forces disintegrate the components of integrated air defenses, long-range fires systems, and
  C2 networks to enable friendly freedom of action. The requirement to disintegrate these systems does not
  end with forcible entry operations or the start of offensive operations. Because these systems are resilient,
  disintegrating them relies on assessing them throughout the duration of a campaign.
  6-126. Enemy systems that enable A2 and AD approaches have vulnerabilities that include sensors,
  communications links to firing platforms, and dependencies on space-based global navigation satellite
  systems and the electromagnetic spectrum. The data and processors that facilitate detection and fire mission
  transmission can be an exploitable vulnerability. Commanders can employ joint fires capabilities to destroy
  enemy long-range surface-to-surface and surface-to-air systems, which are difficult to replace. Friendly
  forces that have penetrated enemy defensive echelons can further disintegrate enemy integrated fires systems
  with direct fire or the threat of being overrun. While enemy forces reposition, their effectiveness is degraded.
  6-127. Army forces can disintegrate enemy maneuver formations by converging joint capabilities in ways
  that interdict main supply routes, mobility corridors, and transportation infrastructure such as bridges, rail
  heads, airfields, ferries, and tunnels. These actions affect enemy repositioning and rapid reaction to friendly
  operations. Commanders can focus on the destruction of the best-trained and equipped enemy forces in a
  particular formation, which may disrupt the cohesion of the larger formation and lower its morale.