text: Chapter 3
  force arrives in the AO in a timely manner. This early, on-the-ground engineer reconnaissance and associated
  assessment or survey identify the—
  * Status of the infrastructure in the AO (airfields, roads, ports, logistics bases, troop bed-down
  facilities); real estate acquisition; environmental standards, conditions, and considerations;
  construction material supply; construction management; and line-haul requirements.
  * Status of theater- and situation-specific protection requirements.
  * Availability of existing geospatial products and requirements for new terrain visualization
  products.
  * Requirements for specialized engineer support (prime power, well drilling, quarry, firefighting)
  and support to other emergency services.
  * Status of specialized engineer requirements available only from the institutional force or USACE.
  * Requirements of the C2 system, to include headquarters staffing, communications, and
  information systems support.
  * Requirements for engineer liaison, to include linguists and civil affairs personnel.
  * Potential for contract construction or other engineering capabilities.
  Stability Planning
  The conduct of stability operations emphasizes the construction tasks performed by Soldiers who are
  normally working among noncombatants and local populations. In planning to conduct stability operations,
  engineers consider the requirements necessary for the support of the primary stability tasks. Engineers are
  typically critical enablers and may lead in the restoration of essential services. The planner (with input from
  the assistant chief of staff, civil affairs operations [G-9]/battalion or brigade civil affairs operations staff
  officer [S-9] on civil considerations) determines the capabilities needed to establish or restore the most basic
  services for the provision of water, emergency shelter, and basic sanitation (sewage and garbage disposal),
  as required. Terrain products continue to have a great deal of importance, but political and cultural
  considerations are equally important. Terrain analysts work with the intelligence staff to develop usable
  products for the commander to reflect this information. When analyzing the troops available, the engineer
  staff officer considers unified action partner engineering capabilities as a whole, not simply those assigned
  to the organization. Interaction with these other parties requires engineers to address interoperability,
  common standards, and mutual agreements. Combined arms forces have a major role in this interaction,
  working with and through HN agencies and other civilian organizations to enhance the HN government
  legitimacy.
  DEFENSE SUPPORT OF CIVIL AUTHORITIES
  DSCA includes operations that address the consequences of natural or man-made disasters, accidents,
  and incidents within the United States and its territories. ARFOR conduct DSCA when the size and scope of
  events exceed the capabilities or capacities of domestic civilian agencies. The Army National Guard is often
  the first military force to respond on behalf of state authorities. DSCA includes four primary tasks (discussed
  in detail in ADP 3-28):
  * Provide support for domestic disasters.
  * Provide support for domestic CBRN incidents.
  * Provide support for domestic civilian law enforcement agencies.
  * Provide other designated support.
  Engineering in DSCA may include the simultaneous application of combat, general, and geospatial
  engineering capabilities through synchronizing the warfighting functions throughout the AO. General
  engineering support for the restoration of essential services is the primary engineer focus in DSCA. Engineer
  support may also be required for ARFOR providing C2, protection, and sustainment to government agencies
  until they can function normally. Figure 3-5 shows a notional application of engineering capabilities
  supporting DSCA. The institutional force elements, including USACE, play a critical and substantial role in
  DSCA.