text: Chapter 1
  Foundations of Fire Support and the Role of the Field
  Artillery
  Fire support is a rapid and continuous integration of surface-to-surface indirect
  fires, target acquisition, armed aircraft, and other lethal and nonlethal
  attack/delivery systems that converge against targets across all domains in
  support of the supported commander’s concept of operations. The functions,
  characteristics, and principles of supporting maneuver with fire and giving depth to
  operations across all domains--land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace--have origins
  which are deeply rooted in the universal military experience. They are constant, and in
  conjunction with the role and core competencies of the field artillery (FA), will apply
  to future multidomain operations just as they apply to the present. Rapidly emerging
  technology and future missions and capabilities will change the methods of employing
  fire support (FS) as well as the degree by which FS is balanced with maneuver.
  However, the basic premise for why we provide FS will remain unchanged.
  1-1. FS is inherently joint, conducted in all domains, and across all dimensions while simultaneously
  executed at all echelons of command. The commander will utilize organic and joint attack/delivery assets
  and capabilities to provide joint FS. Joint fire support is joint fires that assist the joint force in creating effects
  and achieving objectives. (JP 3-0). Fires are the use of weapons systems to create a specific lethal or nonlethal
  effect on a target (JP 3-0).
  1-2. FS is a critical component of the fires warfighting function tasks of integrate and execute that allow
  the commander to converge effects across all domains to achieve positions of relative advantage in the
  context of large-scale combat operations (see ADP 3-19). Relative advantage is location or condition, in any
  domain, relative to an adversary or enemy that provides an opportunity to progress towards or achieve an
  objective (FM 3-0).
  1-3. The commander employs lethal and nonlethal capabilities to support the scheme of maneuver, to mass
  firepower, and to destroy, neutralize, and suppress enemy forces. Lethal FS attack and delivery systems
  consist of indirect fire weapons and armed aircraft to include FA, mortars, naval surface fire support, and air-
  delivered munitions from fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft. Field artillery is equipment, supplies,
  ammunition, and personnel involved in the use of cannon, rocket, or surface-to-surface missile
  launchers. In large-scale combat operations, FS could be the principal means of destroying enemy forces. In
  this event, the scheme of maneuver would be designed specifically to capitalize on the effects of FS.
  1-4. Nonlethal capabilities include cyberspace electromagnetic activities (CEMA), information activities,
  space, and munitions such as illumination and smoke. A nonlethal weapon is a weapon, device, or munition
  that is explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate personnel or materiel immediately, while
  minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property in the target area or
  environment (JP 3-09).
  FIRE SUPPORT AND THE THREAT
  1-5. Strategic competitors and adversaries have studied our military operations closely over the last thirty
  years. They know that we excel by emphasizing joint and combined operations; technological dominance;
  global power projection; strategic, operational, and tactical maneuver; joint fires; sustainment at scale; and
  mission command initiative. Strategic competitors like China and Russia are synthesizing emerging
  technologies like artificial intelligence, hypersonics, nanotechnology, and robotics with their analysis of