text: Information Collection Foundations
  SECURITY OPERATIONS
  1-77. Security operations are those operations undertaken by a commander to provide early and accurate
  warning of enemy operations, to provide the force being protected with time and maneuver space within
  which to react to the enemy, and to develop the situation to allow the commander to effectively use the
  protected force (ADRP 3-90). Security operations are shaping operations that can occur during all
  operations. Other collection assets provide the commander with early warning and information on the
  strength and disposition of enemy forces. The availability of information collection assets enables greater
  flexibility in the employment of the security force.
  1-78. Security operations aim to protect the force from surprise and reduce the unknowns in any situation.
  A commander undertakes these operations to provide early and accurate warning of enemy operations, to
  provide the force being protected with time and maneuver space to react to the enemy, and to develop the
  situation to allow the commander to use the protected force. Commanders may conduct security operations
  to the front, flanks, and rear of their forces. The main difference between security operations and
  reconnaissance is that security operations orient on the force or facility protected, while reconnaissance is
  enemy, populace, and terrain oriented.
  1-79. The five tasks of security operations commanders may employ are screen, guard, cover, area
  security, and local security. (See ADRP 3-90 for more information on the five tasks of security operations
  and their tactical employment.)
  1-80. Successful security operations depends on properly applying the following five fundamentals:
  * Provide early and accurate warning.
  * Provide reaction time and maneuver space.
  * Orient on the force or facility to be secured.
  * Perform continuous reconnaissance.
  * Maintain enemy contact.
  1-81. To collect information and apply the fundamentals for security operations, the security force
  aggressively and continuously seeks the enemy, interacts with the populace, and reconnoiters key terrain. It
  conducts active area or zone reconnaissance to detect enemy movement or enemy preparations for action
  and to learn as much as possible about the terrain. The ultimate goal is to detect the enemy’s COA and help
  the main body counter it. Terrain information focuses on its possible use by the enemy or friendly force,
  either for offensive or defensive operations. Stationary security forces use combinations of observation
  posts, aviation, intelligence collection assets, and battle positions to perform reconnaissance. Moving
  security forces perform zone, area, or route reconnaissance along with using observation posts and
  battlefield positions to apply this fundamental.
  INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS
  1-82. Intelligence operations are the tasks undertaken by military intelligence units and Soldiers to obtain
  information to satisfy validated requirements (ADRP 2-0). (See ADRP 2-0 for further discussion on
  intelligence operations and each discipline.) Intelligence operations align intelligence assets and resources
  against requirements to collect information and intelligence to inform the commander’s decisions.
  Conducting intelligence operations requires an organic collection and analysis capability. Successful
  intelligence operations support the unit’s ability to conduct focused intelligence analysis. Data and
  information collected during the course of intelligence operations is essential to the development of timely,
  relevant, accurate, predictive, and tailored intelligence products. Those units without resources must rely on
  augmentation from within the intelligence enterprise for intelligence. Although the focus is normally on
  tactical intelligence, the Army draws on both strategic and operational intelligence resources. Each
  intelligence discipline and complimentary intelligence capability provides the commander with technical
  capabilities and sensors. Because of the capabilities and characteristics of intelligence operations, these
  capabilities and sensors require guidance through technical channels. The Army’s intelligence disciplines
  that contribute to intelligence operations are—
  * Counterintelligence.
  * Geospatial intelligence.