text: Chapter 4
  4-135. The targeting process focuses operations and the use of limited assets and time. Commanders
  and staffs use the targeting process to achieve effects that support the objectives and missions during
  counterinsurgency operations. It is important to understand that targeting is done for all operations, not just
  attacks against insurgent. The targeting process can support PSYOP, civil-military operations, and even
  meetings between commanders and Host Nation leaders, based on the commander’s desires.
  4-136. The synchronization of RSTA/ISR assets with available combat power is the greatest contribution
  targeting brings to the counterinsurgent. The indirect nature of irregular warfare often creates limited
  opportunities to strike or influence targets. Integrating the intelligence process and the operations process
  through targeting can be used to ensure that maneuver units strike the right targets at the right time or are
  prepared to strike targets of opportunity.
  4-137. Effective targeting requires the creation of a targeting board or working group, although in many
  cases, the targeting staff is similar to the planning staff. It is typically chaired by the XO or fire support
  coordinator, and includes representatives from across the staff including S-2, S-3, S-5, S-7, S-9, air liaison
  officer, and staff judge advocate. The goal is to prioritize targets and determine the means of engaging
  them that best supports the commander’s intent and operation plan. The focus of the targeting cell, in a
  counterinsurgency environment, is to target people, both the insurgents and the population.
  4-138. Effective targeting identifies the targeting options, both lethal and nonlethal, to achieve effects
  that support the commander’s objectives. Lethal assets are normally employed against targets with
  operations to capture or kill. Nonlethal assets are normally employed against targets that are best engaged
  with PSYOP, negotiation, political programs, economic programs, and social programs. Figure 4-6 shows
  examples of potential targets.
  Figure 4-6. Lethal and nonlethal targeting.