text: Division Roles, Functions, and Organizations
  JOINT ENDEAVOR
  In April 1992, civil war erupted in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and by the end of 1995,
  between 140,000 and 250,000 people had been killed. Ethnic cleansing created over
  1.3 million refugees. During this time dozens of diplomatic solutions failed. In late 1995,
  the Dayton Peace Accord was signed, allowing a NATO military force to enter the
  country to enforce the peace.
  1st Armored Division served as the land forces command for the units involved, and it
  served as the nucleus for multinational Task Force Eagle. Task Force Eagle consisted
  of 31,000 Soldiers in 42 different battalions organized into roughly 15 brigades, of
  which approximately one-third were from multi-national partners.
  1st Armored Division, as the senior Army headquarters, retained ARFOR
  responsibilities in its assigned AO, where it conducted all logistics support and 10 USC
  responsibilities. U.S. Army Europe (Forward) provided these capabilities to the rest of
  U.S Army forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina. 1st Armored Division task-organized,
  employed, integrated, and synchronized brigades and battalions, conducted shaping
  operations in the division AO, massed effects at decisive points, leveraged joint
  capabilities, and assumed directed Army, joint, and multinational authorities and
  responsibilities. Task Force Eagle concluded its operation on 20 December 1996,
  transferring responsibility for its AO to the stabilization force in Bosnia and
  Herzegovina.
  LARGE-SCALE COMBAT OPERATIONS
  5-83. During large-scale combat operations, divisions act as combined arms tactical formations organized to
  defeat or destroy enemy forces and seize terrain. This usually means that a division operates as one of several
  in a corps, and its headquarters only serves in a tactical role.
  5-84. As a tactical headquarters, a division uses the operational framework of deep-close-rear-support areas
  to do three things simultaneously. It shapes enemy forces in the deep area, synchronizes subordinate forces
  in the close area, and coordinates friendly activities in the support areas. The division commander allocates
  resources to all areas to ensure synchronization of all of the division’s actions in executing his operation.
  Priorities of support may change with phases of an operation, but the division should preserve unity of effort
  throughout its AO all of the time.
  5-85. A division operates deep in both time and space to develop both the friendly and enemy conditions
  necessary for its subordinate BCTs to be successful. While a corps focuses deep to determine how the enemy
  is preparing for the next phase of an operation, a division is focused on identifying the enemy’s course of
  action, identifying the enemy’s main effort, and disintegrating enemy forces into smaller elements of combat
  power that, under favorable conditions, BCTs can defeat. For a division to do this, it needs time and space to
  make decisions. In terms of time, deep planning for a division is roughly 72–96 hours into the future.
  Spatially, a division’s deep area is usually beyond the BCT’s coordinated fire line and focused on
  uncommitted or out of contact enemy forces. In terms of geographic control measures, the deep area often
  encompasses physical space between the coordinated fire line and the fire support coordination line.
  5-86. As the division shapes enemy forces, it simultaneously conducts combined arms operations by
  planning and coordinating BCT maneuver and by using fires to exploit that maneuver in close operations.
  While many division assets are focused on deep operations at any given time, the division can attrit enemy
  forces in the close area with lethal and nonlethal effects in support of a particular course of action. In support
  of close operations, the division synchronizes the maneuver of the BCTs with mobility, countermobility, and
  protection capabilities by modifying the task organization and support relationships of the units under
  division control. It further allocates protection assets like air defense and engineer assets to mitigate threats
  against the friendly forces in the close and support areas. Enemy disruption to friendly activities in the support
  area has almost immediate negative impacts on operations in the close and deep areas.