text: Army Tactics
  Battle Handover
  1-45. A battle handover is a coordinated mission between two units that transfers responsibility for
  fighting an enemy force from one unit to the other. It sustains continuity of the combined arms fight and
  protects the combat power of both forces involved. Battle handover is usually associated with conducting a
  passage of lines, a relief in place, and a breakout of an encircled force. Battle handover occurs along a general
  trace line designated as the battle handover line (BHL), generally a phase line forward of the stationary force.
  (See appendix A for more information on a battle handover line.)
  Control Measures
  1-46. Coordinating and synchronizing actions requires using control measures. A control measure is a means
  of regulating forces or warfighting functions (ADP 6-0). Control measures help commanders’ direct actions
  by establishing responsibilities and limits that prevent subordinate unit actions from impeding one another
  and prevent fratricide. They also foster coordination and cooperation between forces without unnecessarily
  restricting freedom of action. Control measures may be detailed (such as an operation order) or simple (such
  as a checkpoint). Control measures are prescriptive and provide control without requiring detailed
  explanation. Good control measures foster freedom of action, decision making, initiative, reporting, and
  prevent fratricide.
  1-47. Control measures can be permissive or restrictive. Permissive control measures facilitate action while
  restrictive control measures limit action. Control measures may be graphical (such as phase lines) or
  procedural (such as target engagement priorities). Commanders should establish only the minimum control
  measures necessary to provide essential coordination and deconfliction between units. Restrictive control
  measures only remain in place as long as required for mission accomplishment.
  1-48. Determining what control measures are necessary to adequately command and control operations
  without overburdening subordinates is a key consideration for every unit. This is particularly important for
  company and below formations who may not possess the same digital systems or capabilities as their higher
  headquarters.
  Graphic Control Measures
  1-49. A graphic control measure is a symbol used on maps and displays to regulate forces and warfighting
  functions (ADP 6-0). Commander’s establish graphic control measures to regulate maneuver, movement,
  airspace, fires, and other aspects of operations. In general, all graphic control measures should relate to easily
  identifiable natural or man-made terrain. Regardless of their specific function, each control measure should
  have a specific purpose: mass the effects of combat power, synchronize subordinate forces’ operations,
  minimize the possibility of fratricide, or comply with the law of armed conflict.
  1-50. At battalion and higher echelons, graphic control measures are initially identified during course of
  action development and refined throughout the operations process. However, a course of action sketch rarely
  provides the necessary detail to adequately command and control operations during execution. As plans and
  orders are refined subordinate echelons will typically add control measures to those from their higher
  headquarters. For example, a battalion may be tasked to seize an objective during an attack from their BCT
  headquarters. While the objective is assigned by the BCT, the battalion determines what control measures
  are necessary within that objective to adequately command and control their forces. When units develop
  control measures, they share those control measures with their subordinate units, higher headquarters, and
  adjacent units.
  Digital and Analog Control Measures
  1-51. Digital systems provide leaders numerous benefits to aid in developing, implementing, and modifying
  control measures. Many of these systems possess the capability to display active and inactive graphic control
  measure overlays as well as provide notifications for control measure violations even if that control measure
  is not actively displayed. An advantage of these digital systems is the ability to rapidly share information,
  such as adjustments to control measures, as well as the ability to maintain a clearer common operational
  picture within command posts. The disadvantage to these digital systems is that many are not resident at the