text: Army Space Operations
  realistic environments, including a D3SOE so Soldiers can practice the techniques necessary to adapt and
  overcome enemies in large scale combat operations.
  4-69. The Army space training strategy covers both operational and institutional aspects of training. The
  operational piece focuses on providing real-world conditions during unit training to counter D3SOE during
  multi-echelon home station training and combat training centers. Training efforts are focused on ensuring
  operational units can initiate and maintain access to space capabilities and tactics to apply when operating in
  contested conditions. Using training devices to replicate D3SOE conditions is critical to providing realistic
  operational training, especially for PNT and SATCOM. Direct injection devices allow a large maneuver,
  fires, or other audience to experience D3SOE effects on their space-enabled systems during training and
  exercises. These training devices realistically replicate the effects of D3SOE, and they are critical for
  implementing this training.
  SECTION II – JOINT SPACE OPERATIONS
  4-70. JP 3-14 lays the foundation of joint space doctrine by establishing principles for the integrated
  employment of space capabilities. It also recognizes the Service components have both complementary but
  distinct space responsibilities. Each Service component contributes to an integrated whole synchronized by
  the joint force headquarters. Space forces employ principles of joint operations and enable the application of
  the principles by other joint forces. Army space operations support the joint force commander’s campaign
  plan. Army space operations support joint force missions and receive support from joint forces and other
  Service, government, civil, and commercial space assets. Based on unit mission, space operations are
  integrated throughout the land component forces and other components of the joint force to maximize the
  space contribution to the joint fight.
  4-71. Common responsibilities of each of the Service components are:
  * Advocate for space requirements within their respective Services;
  * Provide a single service point of contact for access to Service resources and capabilities;
  * Make recommendations to combatant commanders on appropriate employment of Service forces;
  * Provide space forces to combatant commanders as directed;
  * Support planning of space operations and assigned tasking; and
  * Support all combatant commanders with expertise in space capabilities and advocacy of desired
  capabilities as requested.
  4-72. Service components have distinctly unique roles to play in providing space capabilities. The distinctly
  Army space-specific, roles are identified in JP 3-14, but are summarized below:
  * Conduct space operations and provides planning, integration, control and coordination of Army
  forces and capabilities in support of combatant command missions;
  * Provides FFT;
  * Provide ballistic missile warning from deployed JTAGS;
  * Provide space expertise with ARSSTs;
  * Conduct SATCOM planning by RSSC;
  * Conduct communication transmissions and satellite payload control of the wideband satellite
  constellations, and support to SSA; and
  * The Consolidated SATCOM System Expert for military wideband, military narrowband
  SATCOM, and the specific SATCOM System Expert for the DSCS, WGS, Global Broadcast
  Service, and Mobile User Objective System.
  UNITED STATES SPACE COMMAND
  4-73. The Unified Command Plan establishes USSPACECOM as a geographical combatant command with
  overall responsibility for military space operations within their assigned AOR. The USSPACECOM AOR
  and the space domain are closely related, but not identical. The lower limit of the space domain remains
  undefined while the USSPACECOM AOR starts at 100 km per the Unified Command Plan.