text: Fundamentals
  success. They can place the target in a dilemma for which no acceptable solution exists. They may even
  prevent the target from taking any action at all. This type of deception is typically successful with an
  indecisive decision maker who is known to avoid risk.
  AMBIGUITY-DECREASING DECEPTION
  1-33. Ambiguity-decreasing deceptions manipulate and exploit an enemy decision maker’s pre-existing
  beliefs and bias through the intentional display of observables that reinforce and convince that decision maker
  that such pre-held beliefs are true. Ambiguity-decreasing deceptions cause the enemy decision maker to be
  especially certain and very wrong. Ambiguity-decreasing deceptions aim to direct the enemy to be at the
  wrong place, at the wrong time, with the wrong equipment, and with fewer capabilities. Ambiguity-
  decreasing deceptions are more challenging to plan because they require comprehensive information on the
  enemy’s processes and intelligence systems. Planners often have success using these deceptions with strong-
  minded decision makers who are willing to accept a higher level of risk.
  TACTICS
  1-34. Deception tactics can be characterized as operational-level constructs that encompass a broad range of
  deceptive activity and information integrated as a component of the overall plan. Deception plans apply five
  basic tactics: diversions, feints, demonstrations, ruses, and displays. These tactics are often best employed in
  TAC-D to support the commander’s objectives. The selection of tactics and their use depends on planners’
  understanding the current situation as well as the desired deception goal and objective.
  DIVERSION
  1-35. A diversion is the act of drawing the attention and forces of an enemy from the point of the principal
  operation; an attack, alarm, or feint that diverts attention (JP 3-03). The goal of diversion is to induce the
  enemy to concentrate resources at a time and place that is advantageous to friendly objectives.
  FEINT
  1-36. In military deception, a feint is an offensive action involving contact with the adversary conducted for
  the purpose of deceiving the adversary as to the location and/or time of the actual main offensive action
  (JP 3-13.4). A feint is designed to lead the enemy into erroneous conclusions about friendly dispositions and
  concentrations. A series of feints can condition the enemy to react ineffectively to a future main attack in the
  same area.
  DEMONSTRATION
  1-37. In military deception, a demonstration is a show of force similar to a feint without actual contact with
  the adversary, in an area where a decision is not sought that is made to deceive an adversary (JP 3-13.4). A
  demonstration’s intent is to cause the enemy to select a COA favorable to friendly goals.
  RUSE
  1-38. In military deception, a ruse is an action designed to deceive the adversary, usually involving the
  deliberate exposure of false information to the adversary’s intelligence collection system (JP 3-13.4). A ruse
  deceives the enemy to obtain friendly advantage. A ruse in deception is normally an execution based on guile
  or trickery that contributes to the larger deception plan.
  DISPLAY
  1-39. In military deception, a display is a static portrayal of an activity, force, or equipment intended to
  deceive the adversary’s visual observation (JP 3-13.4). Displays include the simulation, disguise, or portrayal
  of friendly objects, units, or capabilities in the projection of the deception story. Such objects, units, or
  capabilities may not exist but are made to appear that they exist.