text: Chapter 1
  1-54. Commanders use a reconnaissance pull when they are not familiar with the enemy situation or the
  situation changes rapidly. Reconnaissance pull fosters planning and decisionmaking based on changing
  assumptions into confirmed information. The unit uses initial assumptions and CCIRs to deploy
  reconnaissance assets early to collect information for developing COAs. The commander uses
  reconnaissance assets to confirm or deny initial CCIRs before deciding on a COA or maneuver option. This
  pulls the unit to the decisive point on the battlefield. Success of the reconnaissance pull requires an
  integrated information collection plan used before the commander makes a COA decision.
  1-55. Commanders use a reconnaissance push once committed to a COA or maneuver option. The
  commander pushes reconnaissance assets forward, as necessary, to gain greater visibility on a named area
  of interest (NAI) to confirm or deny the assumptions on which the COA is based. Staffs use the information
  gathered during reconnaissance push to finalize the unit’s plan.
  Reconnaissance Tempo
  1-56. Tempo is the relative speed and rhythm of military operations over time with respect to the enemy
  (ADRP 3-0). In reconnaissance, tempo defines the pace of the operation and influences the depth of detail
  the reconnaissance can yield. Commanders establish time requirements for the reconnaissance force and
  express those requirements in a statement that describes the degree of completeness, covertness, and
  potential for engagement they are willing to accept. Commanders use their guidance on reconnaissance
  tempo to control the momentum of reconnaissance. Reconnaissance tempo is rapid or deliberate and
  forceful or stealthy.
  1-57. Rapid operations and deliberate operations provide a description of the degree of completeness
  required by the commander. Rapid operations focus on key pieces of information and include few tasks.
  These operations describe reconnaissance that personnel must perform in a time-constrained environment.
  Deliberate operations are slow, detailed, and broad-based and accomplish numerous tasks. The commander
  must allocate a significant amount of time to conduct a deliberate reconnaissance.
  1-58. Forceful and stealthy operations provide a description of the level of covertness that commanders
  require. Units conduct forceful operations with little concern about who observes. Mounted units or combat
  units serving in a reconnaissance role often conduct forceful operations. In addition, forceful operations are
  appropriate in stability operations where the threat is not significant in relation to the requirement for
  information. Units conduct stealthy operations to minimize chance contact and prevent the reconnaissance
  force from detection. These operations occur dismounted and require increased time for success.
  Engagement Criteria
  1-59. Engagement criteria establish minimum thresholds for engagement (lethal and nonlethal). The
  criteria clearly specify which targets the reconnaissance element expects to engage and which the
  reconnaissance element will hand off to other units or assets. For example, nonlethal contact identifies
  engagement criteria for tactical questioning of civilians and factional leaders. This criterion allows unit
  commanders to anticipate bypass criteria and develop a plan to maintain visual contact with bypassed
  threats.
  SURVEILLANCE
  1-60. Surveillance is the systematic observation of aerospace, surface, or subsurface areas, places, persons,
  or things, by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means (JP 3-0). Surveillance involves
  observing an area to collect information.
  1-61. In the observation of a given area, the focus and tempo of the collection effort primarily comes from
  the commander’s intent and guidance. Surveillance involves observing the threat and local populace in a
  NAI or target area of interest (TAI). Surveillance may be a stand-alone mission or part of a reconnaissance
  mission (particularly area reconnaissance). Elements conducting surveillance must maximize assets,
  maintain continuous surveillance on all NAIs and TAIs, and report all information rapidly and accurately.
  1-62. Surveillance tasks can be performed by a variety of assets (ground, air, sea, and space), means
  (Soldier and systems), and mediums (throughout the electromagnetic spectrum).