text: Leadership and Training for Sustainment Operations
  7-31. Sustainment commanders should circulate with subordinate units to assess capabilities and readiness,
  learn task organizations, and motivate Soldiers. Sustainment commanders that build relationships with
  subordinate units and unified action partners also increase situational understanding while strengthening the
  team. This increased situational understanding is essential in visualizing and describing the end state.
  7-32. Different cultures and levels of training between the Army and unified action partners can impact
  building successful teams. Sustainment leaders should strive to understand these differences in order to build
  civil-military teams. To assist with building these partnerships, sustainment leaders should—
  • Have unified action partners represented, integrated, and actively involved in planning and
  coordinating activities.
  • Share an understanding of the situation and problem.
  • Collectively determine resources, capabilities, and activities required to achieve goals.
  • Work for unity of effort towards a common goal.
  7-33. Successful sustainment operations require sustainment leaders working with partners to develop a
  shared understanding and commitment to the solution. Achieving unity of effort and building a successful
  team requires sustainment leaders with cultural understanding and the ability to communicate. Without those
  skills, collaboration and team building with unified action partners will be difficult.
  TRAINING CONSIDERATIONS FOR SUSTAINMENT UNITS
  7-34. Sustainment forces at each level of warfare continue to operate in complex and uncertain environments
  that present a number of challenges that leaders need to incorporate into training, embracing the principle of
  train as you fight.
  SURVIVABILITY
  7-35. Survivability is a key objective in all training, especially for sustainment formations, which are
  vulnerable due to size, limited protection resources, and the requirement to continue sustainment operations
  while simultaneously conducting force protection tasks. To increase survivability, sustainment units must
  focus training on defense of the support area, cover and concealment, aggressive reconnaissance and security
  operations, selection of terrain that masks sustainment formations visually and electronically,
  electromagnetic protection and emissions control measures, and dispersion.
  7-36. Training on tactics, techniques, and procedures to avoid or withstand hostile actions or environmental
  conditions is critical to ensuring the survivability of sustainment units in support of Army operations.
  Sustainment units must be equipped, structured, trained, and prepared to execute these tasks to ensure units
  can complete sustainment missions when military police are unavailable.
  7-37. The ability of sustainment units to defend the support area is a critical enabling task for conducting
  sustainment operations. Units cannot conduct support if they cannot defend the support area. Sustainment
  leaders must prioritize training to focus on the fundamentals of unit defense such as establishing a perimeter
  defense, developing engagement areas, integrating fires, employing obstacles, constructing fighting
  positions, and using camouflage for concealment.
  7-38. Sustainment forces should assume that they are under constant observation from one of the enemy’s
  land, maritime, air, or space-based reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities. Therefore, sustainment units
  must implement electromagnetic protection and emissions control measures to reduce and obscure emissions
  and signatures that the enemy can detect. The likelihood of enemy massed long-range fires increases during
  large-scale combat operations, particularly against command and control, sustainment nodes, and critical
  infrastructure. To survive and operate against massed long-range fires and in contaminated environments,
  commanders must plan for establishing base cluster operations to create dispersion. Leaders only concentrate
  forces when necessary and balance the survivability benefits of dispersion with the negative impact
  dispersion has on mission effectiveness. Dispersed formations improve survivability by complicating
  targeting and making it more difficult for enemy forces to identify lucrative targets.
  MOBILITY
  7-39. Operations over extended distances require all sustainment units be mobile. Sustainment units must be
  able to rapidly deploy, operate, and displace to complicate enemy targeting efforts and increase survivability