text: Chapter 1
  SECURITY SECTOR REFORM
  1-64. Security sector reform is a comprehensive set of programs and activities undertaken to improve the
  way a host nation provides safety, security, and justice (JP 3-07). Security sector reform aims to provide an
  effective and legitimate public service that is transparent, accountable to civil authority, and responsive to
  the needs of the public. It may include integrated activities to support defense and armed forces reform;
  civilian management and oversight; justice, police, corrections, and intelligence reform; national security
  planning and strategy support; border management; disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration; and
  concurrent reduction of armed violence.
  1-65. Security sector reform involves reestablishing or reforming institutions and key ministerial positions
  that maintain and oversee the safety and security of a nation. Through the whole-of-government approach,
  ministerial officials and institutions can assume an effective, legitimate, and accountable role; they are
  responsible for security and should be subordinated under civil authorities. Effective security sector reform
  enables a nation to build its capacity to provide security and justice. Security sector reform promotes
  stability, fosters reform processes, and creates an environment for economic development. Security sector
  reform should result in effective and legitimate security sector firmly rooted within the rule of law.
  Roles and Responsibilities of United States Government Partners
  1-66. The departments and agencies of the U.S. Government, including the Department of Defense (DOD),
  pursue integrated security sector reform based on a whole-of-government approach. With the support of the
  host nation, military officials collaborate with interagency and interorganizational partners to design and
  implement security sector reform strategies and plans. The Department of State (DOS) is the lead agency
  for security sector reform, providing oversight for these efforts through its bureaus, offices, and overseas
  missions. DOD provides capabilities to support the establishment, reform, and restructuring of a host
  nation’s armed forces and defense sector. DOD also helps other U.S. agencies involved in security sector
  reform. Army forces participate in and support security sector reform as directed by the joint force
  commander. (Roles and responsibilities of interagency partners in security sector reform are discussed in
  the combined United States Agency for International Development [USAID], DOD, and DOS publication
  Security Sector Reform.)
  1-67. The Department of Justice’s International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program
  (ICITAP) can often serve as the primary effort for justice system reforms within a host nation. Effective
  commanders request assistance with identifying the critical tasks prior to deployment. If ICITAP personnel
  deploy, commanders involve ICITAP with all planning efforts. ICITAP can assist not only on police
  systems, but on both detention centers and prisons as well. ICITAP lends expertise in the following areas:
  * Organizational development within the justice systems.
  * Terrorism and transnational crime.
  * Public integrity and anticorruption.
  * Specialized and tactical skills.
  * Marine and border security.
  * Academy and instructor development (basic through advanced courses to include leadership and
  executive development).
  * Criminal justice coordination (such as training and development for police, prosecutors, and
  judges).
  * Criminal investigations.
  * Forensics (basic to international standards).
  * Basic police services.
  * Community policing.
  * Corrections.
  * Information systems within the justice systems.
  * Intelligence-led policing.