text: Appendix A
  STEP 4: COURSE OF ACTION ANALYSIS AND WAR-GAMING
  A-40. COA analysis enables the commander and staff to identify difficulties, coordination problems, or
  probable consequences of planned actions for each COA (accepted or modified during Step 3: COA
  Development under consideration for approval. During this step, the CEMA working group can identify
  vulnerabilities in each scheme of cyberspace operations and EW integrated into each accepted or modified
  COA. These vulnerabilities may include—
  * Probable undesirable cyberspace and EW effects to operational and mission variables and vice-
  versa.
  * Potential coordination issues with non-organic organizations for cyberspace operations and EW
  support.
  * Lack of necessary cyberspace and EW capabilities available to attain the desired outcome.
  A-41. The CEMA working group uses this newly discovered information to revisit and refine cyberspace and
  EW-related portions of the COA as discrepancies arrive. COA analysis may also uncover potential execution
  problems, decisions, and contingencies and may require restarting the planning process.
  A-42. A process used to analyze a COA is called war-gaming. War-gaming consists of rules and steps to
  visualize the flow of operation, given the force’s strengths and dispositions, the enemy capabilities, and each
  possible COA. War-gaming incorporates the mission variables into the scenario to include the impact and
  requirements of civilians in the AO.
  A-43. Through war-gaming, the CEMA working group can visualize the required cyberspace and EW
  capabilities for related targets in the AO. The CEMA working group can also identify potential vulnerabilities
  that require cyberspace and EW protection. During war-gaming, the CEMA section assists the G-3 or S-3 in
  the mission command responsibilities of the war-gaming process by employing and assessing cyberspace
  operations and EW as a friendly scheme of maneuver. The CEMA section also assists the G-3 or S-3 by
  inputting cyberspace and EW-related input into the COA statement and supporting sketch for each COA.
  War-gaming results in refined COAs with updated schemes of cyberspace and EW, a completed
  synchronization matrix, and decision support templates and matrixes for each COA.
  Note. The G-6 or S-6 assesses DODIN operations, spectrum management operations, and their
  feasibility of each war-gamed COA.
  A-44. A synchronization matrix records the results of a war game and depicts how friendly forces for each
  COA synchronize in time, space, and purpose relating to an enemy COA. The depiction includes the
  synchronization and integration of cyberspace operations and EW in support of the warfighting functions for
  each COA. The decision support template and matrix illustrate key decisions and potential actions that are
  likely to arise during the execution of each COA.
  A-45. The CEMA section participates in the war-gaming briefing, delivering a brief to subordinate
  cyberspace and EW assets to ensure everyone understands the results of the war game. The CEMA section
  captures all cyberspace and EW-related points of the war game before presenting the briefing to the
  commander. The CEMA section drafts and submits an RFS for additional cyberspace and EW assets to
  mitigate vulnerabilities identified during war-gaming. Table A-4, page A-11, illustrates the actions and key
  outputs of the CEMA working group during Step 4: COA Analysis and War-gaming.