text: Night Operations
  Table J-3. Odor sources and distances.
  SOURCE DISTANCE
  Diesel fuel 0.0 to 500.0 meters
  Cigarette smoke 0.0 to 150.0 meters
  Heat tab 0.0 to 300.0 meters
  FATIGUE
  J-12. Too much work and too little sleep make for a tired Soldier, especially in conditions of great
  stress. Tired Soldiers affect the unit's capabilities. Following a work-rest schedule can help prevent
  collective fatigue. It builds-in recovery time to maintain unit effectiveness. Leaders--
  • Ensure that each Soldier sleeps or rests during part of each of his off-shift periods.
  • Rotates cross-trained Soldiers through various duties to reduce errors.
  • Should assign two Soldiers to each job that requires discrimination between factors, such as OP
  procedures or writing and encrypting messages.
  • Can experiment until he finds the best schedules. A four-hours-on, four-hours-off schedule
  works in good weather; a two-hours-on, four-hours-off schedule works better for bad weather.
  Other schedules can also help. No schedule suits everyone, but a particular schedule might
  work best for a particular team.
  J-13. Sleep order depends on task seriousness, complexity, and tedium level. For example, team leaders
  and RTOs might rate Priority 1 or 2 in this system. So, if someone has to miss sleep to check the OP, the
  team leader might check it once, his assistant twice, and an observer thrice. The team leader must get the
  most sleep, since he makes the most serious decisions and processes the most complex information.
  J-14. Some Soldiers operate at their greatest efficiency early in their awake cycle, and vice versa.
  Leaders try to have decision makers perform their most critical tasks when they tend to think most clearly.
  Leaders evaluate and plan this ahead of time.
  CAUTION
  The intense concentration required to use night vision devices
  can degrade the other senses. Leaders should prepare Soldiers for
  night operations by having them use all of their senses. On some
  operations, this might require that some of them avoid using night
  vision devices.
  SELECTION OF ROUTE
  J-15. The leader determines the route for night movement based on METT-TC. Since more than one
  route might satisfy METT-TC, leaders should select the easiest one to navigate. Night travel is strenuous,
  and often done when Soldiers are tired. This adds to physical and psychological stress. Simple navigation
  is easier to direct and control.
  J-16. He analyzes the selected route farther using the factors of OAKOC. METT-TC might weight
  some of these factors, such as terrain, cover, or avenues of approach, over other factors.
  J-17. Before analyzing the route, the leader divides it into segments or legs. Each leg starts with a
  checkpoint and ends with a change in direction or prominent terrain feature. The leader orients and controls
  the team's movement on the checkpoints along the route. He uses OAKOC to analyze each leg, and to