text: Airspace Control—Execution and Assessment
  * Evaluating progress toward establishing end state conditions, accomplishing objectives, and
  performing tasks.
  * Recommending or directing action for improvement.
  4-12. Staffs use several tools to assess progress. Running estimates and the COP are the two most prevalent.
  Running estimates provide information, conclusions, and recommendations from the perspective of each staff
  section. The Joint Air Ground Integration Center is a technique to utilize in the current operations cell of an
  Army division to quickly assess and make recommendations for changes to airspace control of division
  allocated airspace. See ATP 3-91.1 for additional information on this. Running estimates help refine the COP
  and supplement it with information not readily displayed. The COP provides an integrated visualization of
  the operations. See paragraph D-14 through paragraph D-16.
  4-13. Airspace elements or the JAGIC within Army divisions, continually monitor and assess operations,
  airspace use, and future airspace use as part of their running estimate. These running estimates provide the
  analytical basis for airspace use recommendations. These recommendations are focused on near-real-time
  airspace control or on posturing for future use of airspace. Examples of monitoring airspace use include the
  following:
  * Verifying planned aviation missions conform to actual airspace use.
  * Anticipating potential manned and unmanned aircraft missions generated to support adjustments
  to current operations (casualty evacuation, unmanned aircraft system re-tasking).
  * Identifying airspace users entering the AO without prior coordination.
  * Understanding airspace not in use (situational understanding of unused airspace provides
  flexibility since it is essentially pre-cleared for immediate use if needed).
  * Maintaining situational understanding during current operations and anticipating potential fire
  missions (surface-to-surface, surface-to-air, and air-to-surface) that may result in an airspace
  conflict.
  4-14. Continuous assessment enables learning and adaptability. Airspace elements continuously assess
  operations enabling the staffs to identify shortcomings in key airspace planning documents, most notably the
  joint air operations plan, the airspace control plan, the area air defense plan, and higher headquarters operation
  orders, associated airspace appendices. Based on these shortcomings, airspace elements recommend needed
  adjustments to establish the conditions for future operations. In doing so, these key airspace planning
  documents remain relevant and help commanders reduce uncertainty and risk, and providing flexibility
  during mission accomplishment.
  AIRSPACE CONTROL—EXECUTION AND ASSESSMENT
  COLLECTIVE TASKS
  4-15. Airspace elements perform a series of collective tasks to integrate airspace use in near-real-time.
  Executing collective tasks enables commanders to make informed decisions of when and where to shoot or
  fly, thereby minimizing the risk. Airspace elements work alone to perform collective tasks. An airspace
  element will not always perform all the tasks listed below, however, the element must be prepared to perform
  any or all of them.
  PROCESS OF AIRSPACE ORDERS AND DIRECTIVES
  4-16. The airspace element processes airspace orders and directives. It uses information systems to receive
  and disseminate airspace orders and directives to or from the airspace control authority and subordinate
  airspace elements. The element builds and maintains the airspace control overlay consisting of the joint
  airspace control order, any local airspace coordinating measures the airspace control authority does not
  publish on the airspace control order, and near-real-time airspace coordinating measures too transient to be
  published in an airspace control order change. The airspace element establishes near-real-time, jam-resistant,
  and long-range voice communications with higher, adjacent, and subordinate systems. The airspace element
  promulgates procedures for receiving and disseminating airspace information in Appendix 10 (Airspace
  Control) to Annex C (Operations). These procedures address communicating with units equipped with
  different information systems, operating in a degraded environment (no communication lines and no radar