text: Insurgency Prerequisites and Fundamentals
  Sixth Dynamic—Internal Support
  4-65. Internal support is any support provided from within the borders of the state where the insurgency is
  active. An insurgency must have some internal support, even if it is limited. The level and type of support
  varies by insurgency and area. Counterinsurgents must understand the specific nature of the support to
  address and counter the relationship between the population and insurgents. This support may be either
  willing or based on coercion.
  4-66. A large populated area or region where insurgents can operate represents many different
  communities that provide varying levels of support for different reasons. There are two types of internal
  support: active and passive. Passive support is critical for successful insurgent operations. It provides
  freedom of movement for members of the insurgency to reside, train, plan, and conduct operations in an
  area without resistance from the local community. Passive supporters do not report insurgents to local
  counterinsurgent forces out of sympathy for the cause, antigovernment sentiment, reluctance to get
  involved due to peer pressure, threats of violence, or the benefits that the insurgency provides.
  4-67. Active supporters provide open sympathy to the insurgency, participate in insurgent operations, and
  find new recruits. Active supporters are usually central to the insurgency’s propaganda efforts. They may
  provide material, intelligence, or assistance as requested or demanded by insurgents. Active support, like
  passive support, may be volunteered or coerced.
  4-68. When analyzing the type and amount of support an insurgency has, possible indicators are:
  * Reduction in local medical supplies or personnel absent from clinics and hospitals.
  * Increased black market activities and extortion for resources.
  * Increased theft or purchase of food and gas.
  * New presence of bodyguards.
  * New areas in which the local police are growing reluctant to patrol or conduct operations.
  * New or increased interaction with local civilian leaders by insurgents.
  * Intelligence confirming the presence of insurgents in areas where people gather and
  communicate.
  * Increased assassinations of those opposing insurgents or for symbolic value to frighten locals.
  * A drop in the number of walk-ins and tips due to fear of retribution.
  * A rise in the reluctance of local civilians to be seen talking with counterinsurgent forces.
  * An increase in the absence of local reconstruction crews, police, and military or a decrease in
  their willingness to be associated with counterinsurgent forces or to leave their families.
  * Suspension of local government or community meeting and events.
  4-69. There is a relationship between internal and external support. Insurgents must have significant
  strength in at least one of these dynamics (internal or external support) or they will not be able to meet their
  tangible support needs. Both of these dynamics must be controlled and reduced in order for the
  counterinsurgent to prevail; just eliminating internal support is not enough to defeat an insurgency with
  robust external support (and vice versa).
  Seventh Dynamic—Phasing and Timing
  4-70. Successful insurgencies often progress through three phases (latent and incipient, guerrilla warfare,
  and war of movement). Not all insurgencies progress through all three phases, and progression through all
  three phases is not a requirement for success. Insurgent success can occur in any phase. In addition,
  insurgencies can revert to an earlier phase and resume development when favorable conditions return.
  4-71. Movement from one phase to another phase does not end the operational and tactical activities of
  earlier phases; it incorporates them. Therefore, it is difficult to determine when an insurgency moves from
  one phase to another. In addition, a single insurgency may be in different phases in different parts of the
  country. Advanced insurgencies can rapidly shift, split, combine, or reorganize; they are dynamic and
  adaptive.