text: Chapter 8
  aggressiveness, tactical proficiency, and initiative. Small-unit leader training should include combined arms
  technical training procedures for forward observer and tactical air control party personnel. Leadership
  training includes land navigation in difficult terrain and under conditions of limited visibility. Mission
  readiness and the health and welfare of subordinates are continuous parts of training.
  FOREIGN SECURITY FORCESDEVELOPMENT TASKS—ASSESS
  8-307. The functional tasks of OTERA-A (see paragraph 8-236) serve as SFA capability areas used by the
  BCT to develop, change, or improve the capability and capacity of the FSF. By conducting an assessment of
  the FSF, the BCT can determine which area or areas within the OTERA-A construct to use to improve the
  FSFto the desired capability and capacity. In essence, the BCT conducts an assessment of the FSF against
  desired capabilities and then develops an OTERA-A plan to help the FSF build capability and capacity.
  Assess Foreign Security Forces
  8-308. During SFA assessments to evaluate the status of FSF capabilities and capacity, assessments by the
  BCT, establish a measurement at a particular time and can be compared to other assessments to observe
  differences and progress attributable to SFA activities. Activity assessment by the BCT involves deliberately
  comparing forecasted outcomes with actual events to determine the overall effectiveness of the BCT’s
  employment. More specifically, assessment helps the BCT commander and staff determines progress toward
  attaining the desired end state, achieving objectives, and performing tasks.
  Security Force Assistance —Assessment Activities
  8-309. The assessment developmental task, not limited to planning, preparing, or executing, by the BCT is
  ongoing throughout the operations process. Assessment involves continuously monitoring and evaluating the
  operational environment to determine what changes might affect the conduct of training and operations. The
  following paragraphs used for discussion purposes, present assessment actions to assess training and
  operations.
  Foreign Security ForcesTraining and Evaluation
  8-310. In training, the after-action review provides the critical link between training and evaluation. The
  review is a professional discussion that includes the training participants and focuses directly on the training
  goals. An after-action review occurs after all collective FSF training. Effective after-action reviews review
  training goals with the responsible FSF commander or subordinate leader. During the review, SFA
  trainers/advisors ask leading questions, surface important tactical lessons, explore alternative COAs, assist
  the retention teaching points, and keep the after-action review positive.
  Comprehensive Review
  8-311. The BCT commander encourages the FSF commander to conduct a comprehensive review of
  collective training events with the entire unit, or at a minimum, with key subordinate leaders. If possible, the
  review occurs during the field portion of the training when the unit assembles at logical stopping points.
  During the review, the commander and subordinate trainer/advisors avoid criticizing or embarrassing the
  FSF commander or subordinates. After-action reviews provide feedback to increase and reinforce learning,
  providing a database for key points. During reviews within subordinate echelons, evaluators draw
  information from FSF subordinate leaders to form possible alternative COAs for future activities.
  Note.It is important to conduct comprehensive after-action reviews and reports, focusing on the
  specifics of the SFA activities, to gather information as soon as possible after execution.
  Short-, Mid-, and Long-term Success
  8-312. During SFA activities, including FSF operations, success is defined within the context of three
  periods: short-, mid-, and long-term. In the short-term period, FSF make steady progress in fighting threats,
  meeting political milestones, building democratic institutions, and standing up security forces. In the midterm