text: FM 7-100.1 ________________________________________________________________________________
  12-58. A movement program is a directive that allocates the available
  transport mode capability to satisfy the movement requirements in
  accordance with the commander’s priorities. The program normally contains
  detailed information concerning origins, destinations, weights, and cube of
  cargo, and/or types and number of personnel to be moved.
  Fluid and Flexible Movement
  12-59. The transportation system is designed to provide an uninterrupted
  flow of traffic that adjusts rapidly to changing situations. It is flexible enough
  to meet the changing priorities of a fluid battlefield and reallocate resources
  as necessary. Adjustments must be made to meet the variations in combat
  intensity. For example, when units are in the offense, the transportation
  system expands to maintain the tempo of the operation. Conversely, when
  units are in the defense, the system is contracted, the mode changes, and
  differing cargo priorities may be necessary. Changes in the operational
  environment necessitate adjustments to operate in varying conditions and
  operational and/or tactical situations that may dictate the types of convoys
  and controls established for movement.
  12-60. The availability and use of road and rail networks, airfields, inland
  waterways, ports, and beaches not only allow the transportation system to
  meet operational and tactical changes, but also provide redundancy within
  the overall transportation network. For example, if a portion of a road
  network is destroyed or rendered unusable, the mode could change to rail or
  inland waterway.
  Maximum Use of Carrying Capacity
  12-61. The principle of making maximum use of carrying capacity involves
  more than just loading each transportation asset to its optimum carrying
  capacity. Transport capability that is not used in one day cannot be stored to
  provide an increase in capability for subsequent days. Similarly, a situation
  allowing fully-loaded transport to sit idle is just as much a loss of carrying
  capacity as is a partially-loaded vehicle moving through the system. While
  allowing for sufficient equipment, maintenance, and personnel rest, planners
  should keep transportation assets loaded and moving as much as the
  situation permits.
  TRANSPORTATION MODES
  12-62. Transportation operations may include motor vehicles, rail, aircraft,
  and waterway (coastal and inland) transport vessels. The OPFOR generally
  uses motor vehicles to move large quantities of general cargo, petroleum
  products, and personnel throughout the AOR. However, waterway transport
  vessels may be used to move large quantities of supplies and personnel along
  coastal or inland waterways to remote areas that are not accessible to motor
  vehicles.
  12-63. As requirements for transportation fluctuate, each mode must be
  properly used to accomplish the commander’s objective. For example, air
  transport is employed if reaction speed is the priority. Motor transport is
  considered the most flexible surface mode. It provides door-to-door delivery
  service and an interface with all other transportation modes.