text: Fundamentals of Operations
  AGILITY
  3-8. The ability to act faster than the enemy is critical for
  success. Agility is the ability to move forces and adjust Leaders seek to understand, decide,
  their dispositions and activities more rapidly than the and act or react faster than the enemy
  enemy. Agility requires sound judgment and rapid decision to gain a relative advantage and control
  making, often gained through the creation and exploitation of the terms and tempo of the battle. They
  information advantages. Agility requires leaders to anticipate ensure formations are flexible enough to
  needs or opportunities, and it requires trained formations able adapt to changing conditions and can
  move more quickly than the enemy.
  to change direction, tasks, or focus as quickly as the situation
  During competition, Army forces provide
  requires. Change may come in the form of a transition
  senior leaders flexibility and options
  between phases of an operation or the requirement to adapt to
  through their presence, access, and
  a new opportunity or hazard.
  influence.
  3-9. The time available to create and exploit opportunities
  against adaptive threats is usually limited. Agile units rapidly recognize an opportunity and take action to
  exploit it. Speed of recognition, decision making, movement, and battle drills enable agility. During armed
  conflict, this often requires units to change their location and disposition rapidly. Units must be able to
  employ capabilities and then rapidly task-organize them again for movement or new tasks while remaining
  dispersed for survivability. C2 and sustainment nodes must maintain a level of functionality on the move and
  be able to rapidly emplace and displace in order to reduce the probability of enemy detection. Nodes that are
  critical to success and susceptible to enemy detection and destruction are most vulnerable, and they must be
  the most agile.
  3-10. Below the threshold of armed conflict, security force assistance teams and forward-stationed and
  rotational forces provide agility to the CCDR because they are able to perform a wide variety of missions
  and create options for the combatant command. These forces expand situational awareness through their
  presence and access to key land areas and populations. Their influence assures allies and partners, and they
  improve interoperability and agility of the multinational force.
  3-11. Agility helps leaders influence tempo. Tempo is the relative speed and rhythm of military operations
  over time with respect to the enemy (ADP 3-0). It implies the ability to understand, decide, act, assess, and
  adapt. During competition, commanders act quickly to control events and deny enemy forces relative
  advantages. By acting faster than the situation deteriorates, commanders can change the dynamics of a crisis
  and restore favorable conditions. During armed conflict, commanders normally seek to maintain a higher
  tempo than enemy forces do. A rapid tempo can overwhelm an enemy force’s ability to counter friendly
  actions, and it can enable friendly forces to exploit a short window of opportunity.
  CONVERGENCE
  3-12. Convergence is an outcome created by the concerted employment of capabilities from multiple
  domains and echelons against combinations of decisive points in any domain to create effects against
  a system, formation, decision maker, or in a specific geographic area. Its utility derives from
  understanding the interdependent relationships among capabilities from different domains and combining
  those capabilities in surprising, effective tactics that accrue advantages over time. When combined, the
  complementary and reinforcing nature of each friendly capability presents multiple dilemmas for enemy
  forces and produces an overall effect that is greater than the sum of each individual effect. The greater degree
  to which forces achieve convergence and sustain it over time the more favorable the outcome.
  3-13. Convergence occurs when a higher echelon and its
  subordinate echelons create effects from and in multiple Convergence creates exploitable
  domains in ways that defeat or disrupt enemy forces long opportunities that enable freedom of
  enough for friendly forces to effectively exploit the action and mission accomplishment.
  opportunity. Convergence broadens the scope of mass,
  synchronization, and combined arms, by applying combat power to combinations of decisive points, instead
  of just one, across time, space, and domains. Convergence is a way to balance the principles of mass,
  objective, and economy of force, massing combat power on some parts of the enemy force while employing
  different techniques against other decisive points to create cumulative effects the enemy cannot overcome.