text: Chapter 3
  Joint air-to-surface fires include—
  * Army rotary-wing or UAS supporting Air Force, Navy or Marine Corps operations.
  * Navy and Air Force fixed-wing, and electromagnetic warfare assets.
  * Marine Corps fixed- or rotary-wing or UAS supporting Army units.
  See JP 3-09, ADP 3-19, FM 3-09, and ATP 3-09.32/MCRP 3-31.6/NTTP 3-09.2/AFTTP 3-2.6 for
  information on joint fires.
  SUSTAINMENT WARFIGHTING FUNCTION
  3-37. Offensive operations will require more reinforcements, fuel, medical, equipment, and materiel
  compared to defensive and enabling operations. Also, offensive operations increase the likelihood of
  generating mass casualties and replacing personnel and equipment. Offensive operations require greater
  precision in sustainment and will be executed at a higher operating tempo than other types of operations. This
  requires a flexible and adaptable sustainment structure to meet the demands of offensive operations. In the
  offense, the sustainment focus is on logistics and health service support. Proper echeloning of logistics and
  medical assets are key to maintaining tempo and minimizing risk in offensive operations.
  Logistics
  3-38. Logistic units and material remain close to the maneuver force to ensure short turnaround time for
  supplies and services. This includes uploading as much critical materiel, such as ammunition and petroleum,
  oils, and lubricants, as possible and coordinating to preclude attempted occupation of a logistics release point
  by more than one unit at a time. This allows units to reduce risk by lowering their physical and electronic
  signature during resupply operations. Units make decisions regarding the risk of enemy detection of logistics
  preparations for an attack.
  3-39. Responsive sustainment of the offense begins during mission analysis and continues throughout the
  operation based on the expertise of the planners and the preparation and agility of the sustainment units during
  execution as the potential for supplies to not be available increases as the operation progresses. Logisticians
  must assist with the development of feasible courses of action during planning and anticipate changes of
  requirements during execution. They must consider alternative routes and different means to accomplish the
  timely delivery of the required support and they must provide their leaders with options to overcome whatever
  obstacles appear. The laws of physics constrain the art of the possible, but ingenuity and innovation can
  deliver solutions to problems that appear insurmountable.
  3-40. The variety and complexity of offensive actions requires that units establish flexible and tailorable
  transportation systems. There may be a wide dispersion of forces and lengthening of lines of communication.
  Required capabilities include movement control, terminal operations, and mode operations.
  3-41. Units need to closely monitor emerging resupply and rearm requirements in conjunction with ongoing
  operations. The prioritization of the requirements must be thought out and appropriate for the units with
  follow-on missions, rather than units that are most depleted in conjunction with the potential shift in mission
  priorities as the operation progresses.
  Health Service Support
  3-42. The burden on medical resources increases due to the intensity of offensive actions and the increased
  distances over which support is required as a force advances. The unit re-allocates medical resources as the
  tactical situation changes. Medical units can anticipate large numbers of casualties in a short period due to
  destructive capabilities of modern conventional weapons and the employment of weapons of mass
  destruction. These mass casualty situations can exceed the capabilities of organic and direct support medical
  assets to treat the numbers of casualties sustained. To prevent this from occurring, planners anticipate this
  possibility and coordinate with area support medical units to help absorb a rise in battlefield injuries. Careful
  planning and coordination avoid compromising the standard of medical care for injured Soldiers. Effective
  management of mass casualty situations depends on established and rehearsed mass casualty plans and