text: Chapter 8
  Note. Intelligence PED capabilities and activities depend on intelligence architectures; therefore,
  they incur the same challenges and risks that intelligence architectures must face and overcome in
  large-scale combat operations.
  INFORMATION COLLECTION GAPS
  8-24. After RSOI, as tactical units start information collection, there may be significant challenges based on
  enemy capabilities and risks to Soldiers. The inability to collect at certain locations and ranges without a high
  degree of risk to organic, attached, assigned, and supporting collection capabilities is considered a collection
  gap. Section IV discusses mitigating collection gaps.
  8-25. Information collection gaps often occur due to the following:
  ⚫ Threat capabilities, including countermeasures limiting or preventing friendly collection.
  ⚫ Insufficient networks, systems, or personnel/linguists.
  ⚫ Lack of technical capabilities.
  ⚫ Inadequate collection ranges.
  ⚫ Movement in preparation for operations.
  ⚫ A high tempo and constant maneuver.
  ⚫ Unfavorable terrain.
  ⚫ Unacceptable risk for the employment of specific assets.
  ⚫ National technical means, when available, focus on national priorities. Even when aligned
  against joint force command priorities, these means may not meet tactical-level requirements.
  ⚫ Collection may not be authorized due to international borders, existing agreements, or areas that
  are not part of a joint operations area.
  ⚫ Most of the other Service ISR systems do not focus on ground requirements unless they are
  allocated to Army forces.
  ⚫ Most theater-level intelligence collection assets and sensors are employed to answer theater
  intelligence requirements.
  ⚫ Collection factors can significantly impact intelligence operations from theater army to BCT
  levels. The intelligence cell and MI unit must consider these factors during planning. Collection
  factors include—
  ▪ The impact of enemy IADS on aerial collection.
  ▪ Limits on the range of ground collection.
  ▪ Geography.
  ▪ Technical aspects of collection capabilities.
  ▪ Threat signatures.
  ▪ The specific operational and tactical situation.
  SECTION III – DEFENSIVE AND OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS (FRIENDLY)
  8-26. Corps and division commanders are directly concerned with those enemy forces and capabilities that
  can affect their current and future operations. Successful corps and division operations may depend on
  intelligence and successful joint interdiction operations, including those operations to isolate the battle or
  weaken the enemy force before the battle is fully joined.
  8-27. Corps and divisions execute defensive, offensive, and stability operations, of which offensive and
  defensive operations comprise most of the activities. Commanders must focus and use intelligence to
  explicitly understand the lethality of large-scale combat operations to preserve their combat power and
  manage risk. Commanders must also use ground maneuver and other land-based capabilities to enable
  maneuver in the other domains.