text: Chapter 5
  Information Warfare
  Modern information technologies (ITs) have created conditions for the con-
  frontation of states, combatants, and non-state actors in a fundamentally
  new arenathe information sphere. Information, information processing,
  and communications networks are at the core of every military activity.
  The concepts of time, space, force, navigation, speed, precision, and lethality
  have changed because of the capabilities of information-age technology
  and the availability of information. These changes have a tremendous
  effect on how military forces conduct activities. The OPFOR addresses this
  issue through continued refinement of its information warfare (IW) doctrine.
  The OPFOR defines information warfare as the specifically planned and
  integrated actions taken to achieve an information advantage at critical
  points and times. The ultimate goal of IW is to influence decision makers.
  The OPFOR conducts IW at all levels of warfarestrategic, operational,
  and tacticalbut without regard to strict definitional boundaries among
  these levels. Opponents of the State are subject to IW regardless of the
  level and degree of engagement in other types of operations. The State’s
  leadership integrates all instruments of powerdiplomatic-political,
  economic, military, and informationalto implement an information
  strategy. One element of power may have primacy over the others at a
  given time, but all work together.
  In the OPFOR’s view, skillful application of IW can facilitate the defeat of
  a technologically superior enemy. It can challenge or counter an enemy’s
  goal of information dominance. The OPFOR can target key components
  (such as technology providing situational awareness, and advanced com-
  puting and communications technologies) that provide such dominance,
  thus shaking the opponent’s confidence.
  NEW CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION IN WARFARE
  5-1. The State envisions an operational environment (OE) in which the bat-
  tlespace stretches from the depths of an opponent’s territory to the center of
  the State’s political, economic, and military organizations. This OE is con-
  ducive to the practice of IW. Combat cannot be confined to a single battle-
  space, but instead will often expand globally to encompass attacks on an
  adversary’s information and space systems or his entire information envi-
  ronment.
  5-2. Information is a powerful strategic, operational, and tactical multiplier.
  It enhances leadership and magnifies the effects of maneuver, firepower, and
  protection at decisive points. The OPFOR can use information as a component
  of combat power to shape the OE and create the conditions for employing the