text: Chapter 1
  accounts for the political and cultural context of the environment. The plan accounts for available resources
  and capabilities while balancing the human capacity to deliver change against a realistic timeline. The
  security sector reform plan reflects the host nation’s cultures, sensitivities, and historical conceptions of
  security. It does not seek to implement a Western paradigm for the security sector, understanding that a
  Western model may not be appropriate. Yet, security sector reform planners cannot adopt a lax attitude
  toward security practices that contribute to conflict or instability. As with the broader campaign plan, the
  security sector reform plan seeks to resolve the underlying sources of conflict while preventing new
  security crises.
  1-75. The level of host-nation development—especially as it pertains to poverty and economic
  opportunity—is an important consideration in security sector reform planning. High levels of poverty and
  extensive corruption significantly challenge security sector reform efforts. Poverty and corruption at the
  individual and institutional levels typically lead to poor economic growth, inadequate or excessive
  government revenues, and a chronically under-resourced public sector. Security sector reform should
  address these challenges. Programs should confront flagrant corruption in the public sector and
  accommodate limited host-nation public administration and public management capacities. External
  resourcing and external fiscal management for the host nation’s security sector, including its military
  institutions, may be necessary until the host nation can sustain security sector reform.
  1-76. Ideally, the host nation’s security strategy and defense policy guide the security sector reform plan.
  However, in states without established, legitimate government institutions able to develop mature strategy
  and policy, interagency and interorganizational security sector reform planners must review international
  security strategy and defense policy before developing a plan. Any such review must account for the
  characteristics of the host nation’s cultures. It must help ensure the security sector reform plan reflects the
  genuine needs of the nation, not just the demands of its officials. It must ensure the final plan leads to a
  sustainable security apparatus appropriate for the needs of the host nation and its people.
  Principles of Security Sector Reform
  1-77. Effective security sector reform requires unity of effort and a shared vision among the agencies,
  organizations, institutions, and forces contributing to the reform process, both within and outside of the
  U.S. Government. This unity of effort and shared vision reflects a comprehensive approach. Security sector
  reform is a cooperative activity, conducted with the other agencies of the U.S. Government, IGOs,
  nongovernmental organizations, multinational partners, and the host nation. Integrated programs that
  consider relationships among organizations, sectors, and actors increase the likelihood of success, minimize
  unforeseen developments, and ensure the most effective use of resources. Six principles guide security
  sector reform:
  * Support host-nation ownership.
  * Incorporate principles of good governance and respect for human rights.
  * Balance operational support with institutional reform.
  * Link security and justice.
  * Foster transparency.
  * Do no harm.
  (The principles for security sector reform are discussed in ADRP 3-07 and JP 3-07.)
  Foundations of Security Sector Reform
  1-78. During security sector reform, participating military forces understand that the ultimate responsibility
  for reform rests with the host nation. Security sector reform planning is based on the recognition that
  successful efforts require an extended commitment of time and resources. The military judiciously selects
  and uses forces to create a secure environment so security sector reform proceeds smoothly. The military
  may provide temporary capability and expertise, but long-term success in reform depends on how quickly
  and effectively it transitions to appropriate civilian agencies and the host nation.
  1-79. The foundations of security sector reform are—