text: Fundamentals of Operations
  environment. Endurance involves anticipating requirements and making the most effective and efficient use
  of resources.
  3-29. As forces fight through successive engagements, maintaining mutual support among units helps
  prevent them becoming isolated, being defeated in detail, and culminating early. Protection prevents or
  mitigates enemy effects and preserves combat power, postponing culmination and prolonging effective
  operations. One way Army forces preserve combat power is by maintaining dispersion to the greatest degree
  possible. Leaders can mass combat power from dispersed positions and generate the desired effects without
  concentrating forces any more than is necessary. During operations, commanders and staffs integrate,
  synchronize, and simultaneously apply protection capabilities.
  3-30. Leadership and tactics contribute to endurance. Plans that allow for different units to be the main effort
  using follow and support or follow and assume techniques prevent early culmination in the units first
  committed to close combat. Realistically determining what tempo friendly forces can maintain given enemy
  resistance, weather, and physical distances and the impact they have on Soldiers, leaders, and equipment
  increases endurance over time. Schemes of maneuver that avoid enemy strengths and preserve combat power
  are less likely to negatively affect morale.
  3-31. Sustainment operations are essential to endurance. Using all methods for continuously delivering
  sustainment through land, maritime, and air capabilities improves endurance. When possible, sustainment
  units employ a space- and cyberspace-enabled communications network to transmit sustainment
  requirements and coordinate the delivery of materiel or services. However, leaders must anticipate degraded
  communications and combine analog systems for communication with predictive analysis and disciplined
  initiative to ensure commanders can maintain acceptable tempo for as long as necessary.
  DEPTH
  3-32. Depth is the extension of operations in time, space, or purpose to achieve definitive results (ADP 3-0).
  While the focus of endurance is on friendly combat power, the focus of depth is on enemy locations and
  dispositions across all domains. Commanders achieve depth by understanding the strengths and
  vulnerabilities of the enemy’s echeloned capabilities, then attacking them throughout their dispositions in
  simultaneous and sequential fashion. Although simultaneous attacks through all domains in depth are not
  possible in every situation, leaders seek to expand their advantages and limit enemy opportunities for
  sanctuary and regeneration. Leaders describe the depth they can achieve in terms of operational reach.
  3-33. Operational reach is the distance and duration across which a force can successfully employ military
  capabilities (JP 3-0). Staffs assess operational reach based on available sustainment, the range of capabilities
  and formations, and courses of action compared with the intelligence estimates of enemy capabilities and
  courses of action. This analysis helps the commander understand the limits on friendly operations, the risks
  inherent in the mission, and likely points in time and space for transitions.
  3-34. Below the threshold of armed conflict, the theater army creates depth by improving the infrastructure
  for force projection and by improving interoperability with multinational forces to the degree required by
  operation plans (OPLANs) and contingency operations. It also adds depth to its operations by expanding
  influence with allies and partners, populations, and other relevant actors through joint exercises, sustained
  forward positioning of advisor teams, and forward basing of combat formations.
  3-35. During armed conflict, the JFLCC creates depth by facilitating access to Army and other joint
  capabilities, especially space and cyberspace capabilities that improve the protection of tactical formations
  and degrade enemy integrated air defense systems. The JFLCC also requests that the JFC influence the
  extended deep area in support of land operations. The corps directs fires into its deep area to defeat enemy
  long-range fires, disrupt enemy sustainment and C2, separate maneuver echelons, and shape the success of
  future close operations. Special operations forces operating in the extended deep area can detect targets and
  enable the employment of joint fires to support conventional operations.
  3-36. Leaders enhance the depth of their operations by orchestrating effects in one dimension to amplify
  effects in the others. For example, a commander might decide to destroy an elite enemy formation first
  because it undermines the confidence of the enemy’s other units. Commanders exploit this through
  information activities to reduce the will of other enemy forces to fight.