text: Chapter 2
  Cyberspace Operations and Electromagnetic Warfare
  Fundamentals
  This chapter describes the types of cyberspace operations and electromagnetic warfare
  and associated tasks. It details common effects that commanders can achieve through
  cyberspace operations and electromagnetic warfare, and discusses the interrelationship
  between cyberspace operations and electromagnetic warfare and other Army
  operations. This chapter also discusses training used to prepare Soldiers to execute
  cyberspace operations and electromagnetic warfare missions.
  SECTION I – CYBERSPACE OPERATIONS
  2-1. Cyberspace operations and EW can benefit from synchronization with other Army capabilities using a
  combined arms approach to achieve objectives against enemy forces. Cyberspace operations and EW can
  provide commanders with positions of relative advantage in the multi-domain fight. Effects that bleed over
  from the cyberspace domain into the physical domain can be generated and leveraged against the adversary.
  A cyberspace capability is a device or computer program, including any combination of software, firmware,
  or hardware, designed to create an effect in or through cyberspace (JP 3-12).
  Note. Law enforcement and counterintelligence capabilities may create effects in cyberspace
  during their efforts to disrupt, destroy, deny, or degrade an enemy or adversary’s activities in
  cyberspace.
  2-2. Electromagnetic spectrum superiority is the degree of control in the electromagnetic spectrum that
  permits the conduct of operations at a given time and place without prohibitive interference, while affecting
  the threat’s ability to do the same (JP 3-85). EW creates effects in the EMS and enables commanders to gain
  EMS superiority while conducting Army operations. EW capabilities consist of the systems and weapons
  used to conduct EW missions to create lethal and non-lethal effects in and through the EMS.