text: Preface
  This field manual aims to provide techniques to assist planners in planning, coordinating, executing,
  synchronizing, and assessing military deception (MILDEC). While the means and techniques may evolve
  over generations, the principles and fundamentals of deception planning remain constant.
  FM 3-13.4 applies to all members of the Army profession: leaders, Soldiers, Army Civilians, and contractors.
  The principal audience for this publication is Army commanders, staffs, and all leaders. Commanders and
  staffs of Army headquarters serving as joint task force or multinational headquarters should refer to
  applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning joint or multinational planning. Trainers and educators
  throughout the Army also use this publication as a guide for teaching MILDEC.
  Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure their decisions and actions comply with applicable U.S.,
  international, and, in some cases, host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all levels ensure their
  Soldiers operate in accordance with the law of war and the rules of engagement. (See FM 27-10.)
  FM 3-13.4 uses joint terms where applicable. Selected joint and Army terms and definitions appear in both
  the glossary and the text, the term is italicized, and the number of the proponent publication follows the
  definition.
  FM 3-13.4 applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States,
  and the United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated.
  The proponent for this publication is the United States Army Information Operations Proponent (USAIOP)
  Office. The preparing agency is the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate, United States Army Combined
  Arms Center. Send written comments and recommendations on a Department of the Army (DA) Form 2028
  (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to Commander, United States Army
  Combined Arms Center and Fort Leavenworth, ATTN: ATZL-MCD (FM 3-13.4), 300 McPherson Avenue,
  Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-2337; by email to usarmy.leavenworth.mccoe.mbx.cadd-org-
  mailbox@mail.mil; or submit an electronic DA Form 2028.