text: Operational Environment Overview
  1-51. EW supports command and control through electromagnetic protection (EP) to eliminate or mitigate
  the negative impact of friendly, neutral, enemy, or naturally occurring EMI on command-and-control systems.
  The frequency assignment and deconfliction tasks of spectrum management operations support EP (See ATP
  6-02.70). Such EP tasks include—emission control, mitigating electromagnetic environmental effects,
  electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic masking, preemptive countermeasures, and electromagnetic
  warfare reprogramming. These tasks require integration with spectrum management operation for frequency
  management and deconfliction. Chapter 2 of this publication and ATP 3-12.3 details information on EP.
  MOVEMENT AND MANEUVER
  1-52. Cyberspace operations and EW enhance friendly forces commanders’ movement and maneuver by
  disrupting adversary command and control, reducing adversary and increasing friendly situational awareness,
  and negatively affect the adversary’s ability to make sound decisions. Due to the range and reach of cyberspace
  capabilities, cyberspace forces are often able to support friendly maneuver in close areas while simultaneously
  supporting deep area operations. For information on close and deep area operations, refer to FM 3-0. For
  techniques on deep operations, refer to ATP 3-94.2.
  1-53. DODIN operations support movement and maneuver by establishing secure tactical networks that
  allow communications with friendly forces conducting operations laterally in close and deep areas, in addition
  to communications with higher headquarters in the rear area. Units use the DODIN-A as the primary means of
  communication during movement and maneuver. Satellite communications, combat net radios, and wired
  networks are elements of the DODIN-A used to synchronize operations, collaborate, understand the
  environment, and coordinate fires. The network enables near real-time updates to the common operational
  picture. The upper and lower tiers of the DODIN-A connect headquarters to subordinate, adjacent, and higher
  headquarters and unified action partners.
  1-54. Offensive cyberspace operations (OCO) in coordination with other forms of fires also support
  movement and maneuver by opening avenues necessary to disperse and displace enemy forces. Synchronizing
  OCO with other fires sets conditions that enable maneuver to gain or exploit positions of relative advantage.
  OCO will be discussed in detail in Chapter 2.
  1-55. EW assets support movement and maneuver by conducting operations to degrade, neutralize, or
  destroy enemy combat capabilities in the EMS. Defensive EA protects friendly forces from enemy attacks
  during movement and maneuver by denying the enemy the use of the EMS. Using friendly EA to counter radio-
  controlled devices, such as improvised explosive devices, drones, robots, or radio-guided munitions is an
  example of defensive EA. During defensive EA, EW assets conduct operations to degrade, neutralize, or destroy
  enemy combat capabilities in the EMS. EW assets conduct defensive EA by employing EA capabilities such
  as counter radio-controlled improvised explosive device electronic warfare and devices used for aircraft
  survivability. Offensive EA supports movement and maneuver by projecting power within the time and tempo
  of the scheme of maneuver. Electromagnetic jamming, electromagnetic intrusion, and electromagnetic probing
  are examples of offensive EA. Electromagnetic support (ES) supports movement and maneuver by providing
  combat information for a situational understanding of the OE.
  1-56. A variety of EP tasks also support movement and maneuver. Spectrum managers and EW personnel
  deconflict friendly frequencies to prevent or mitigate frequency interference from friendly forces. Frequency
  deconfliction includes preventive and mitigating measures to ensure friendly radio devices used during
  movement and maneuver tasks do not cause frequency interference to the radios used by other friendly forces.
  Electromagnetic masking supports movement and maneuver by concealing electromagnetic signatures radiated
  by friendly forces’ spectrum dependent systems during operations. Conducting emission control during
  movement and maneuver reduces electromagnetic signatures of friendly forces’ spectrum dependent
  communications and navigational systems during movement and maneuver. EW forces also employ sensors
  before a movement as preemptive countermeasures. Electromagnetic security supports movement and
  maneuver by denying an enemy the ability to decipher information derived from electromagnetic energy that
  they intercept. These tasks are discussed in further detail in Chapter 2 of this publication and in ATP 3-12.3.