text: Chapter 1
  User Objective System, and the Global Broadcast Service. Duties of the Consolidated SATCOM
  System Expert include providing continuous support to deconflict, assess, analyze, and integrate
  SATCOM information, status, configurations, synchronization, sustainment issues, deployment
  issues, and anomalies for all Services and joint operations.
  1-23. Satellite Operations. Satellite Operations maneuver, configure, operate, and sustain on-orbit assets
  and are characterized as spacecraft and payload operations. The Army has primary responsibility for
  planning, operational management, and payload control of DOD’s wideband satellite systems. The major
  elements of Army satellite operations are transmission control, satellite payload control, assured access to
  SATCOM (included using wartime reserve modes, contingency plans for outages, the ability to re-route
  services across all platforms, to reconstitute or augment existing capabilities, or to neutralize the source of
  the disruption), and support to electromagnetic interference resolution on military narrowband and wideband
  SATCOM constellations.
  * The Army operates five wideband satellite communications operations centers (WSOC). A unique
  satellite control battalion with specially trained Signal Soldiers conducts satellite payload
  configuration management, implements satellite transmission plans, conducts link monitoring,
  and controls DOD wideband military SATCOM systems. Each WSOC provides transmission
  control and satellite payload control for DOD wideband military SATCOM systems enabling
  wideband SATCOM for all users on these constellations. WSOCs provide support to
  electromagnetic interference resolution on DSCS and WGS constellations. Strategic wideband
  SATCOM is used to carry high volumes of communications around the world and is the primary
  fixed and transportable means for reachback communications from in-theater headquarters to
  those in continental U.S. Operating these centers enables communications for the Commander in
  Chief, Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, all Services, State Department,
  intelligence activities, combatant commanders, and international partners.
  1-24. Theater Missile Warning.
  * Missile warning is based on detecting an event. Ground-based radars detect the movement of
  ballistic missiles and high energy infrared (heat) events—such as the hot exhaust of an
  intercontinental ballistic missile. Theater missile warning reports these detections throughout the
  depths of the battlespace.
  * Provides joint forces with theater early warning to dissuade, deter, and defeat ballistic missile
  attacks. Joint Tactical Ground Stations (JTAGS) provide in-theater warning of ballistic missile
  launches. JTAGS units receive downlink data directly from space-based infrared sensors on
  ballistic missile launches, other events of interest, and battlespace characterization—such as a
  large oil refiner explosion.
  * JTAGS ground stations are forward deployed and strategically located to provide warning and
  threat characterization in support of the U.S. homeland defense and theater ballistic missile
  defense. JTAGS units process and provide warning, alerting, and cueing information to joint
  forces commanders, tier 1 command centers, forward joint forces, and other interested units.
  1-25. Environmental Monitoring. Space forces provide data on meteorological, oceanographic, and space
  environmental factors which might affect military operations. Space capabilities provide data for forecasts,
  alerts, and warnings of the space environment which may negatively impact space assets, space operations,
  and terrestrial users. Imagery capabilities can provide joint force planners with current information on sub-
  surface, surface, and air conditions, such as trafficability and land use, beach conditions, vegetation, cloud
  cover, and moonlight percentage. Imagery may be used by the Army Corps of Engineers to monitor civil
  infrastructure during natural disasters and for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. Knowledge of these
  factors allows ground forces to avoid adverse environmental conditions while taking advantage of other
  conditions to enhance operations. This space-based capability supports IPB by providing the information
  needed to identify and analyze potential courses of action.
  1-26. Space-based intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance is a joint space capability. A space
  capability is the ability of a space asset to accomplish a mission or the ability of a terrestrial-based asset to
  accomplish a mission in or through space (JP 3-14). Within the Army, the deputy chief of staff, intelligence
  (G-2) is the responsible agent for providing intelligence to Army forces. Refer to Army doctrine publication
  (ADP) 2-0 for information on Intelligence operations.