text: Appendix C
  Mark XIIA Capabilities
  C-18. Mark XIIA, provides identification, friend or IFF encrypted waveform messaging. It extends the
  current triggered, transponder technology into the uplink and downlink encrypted messaging (Mode 5)
  technologies. It also provides an unencrypted Mode S capability to augment the encrypted messaging
  capabilities to permit operations within the evolving national and international air traffic control systems of
  the future. Mode 5 is a line of sight capability that reliably populates the air picture with properly equipped
  friendly (blue) aircraft to altitudes as low as the surface of the earth. Aircraft using Mark XIIA Mode 5 Level
  2 (M5L2), with embedded global positioning system and inertial navigation system, respond to interrogations
  from a ground-based or airborne system or automatically report (squitter) to the same, with data formats that
  include aircraft identification, position and altitude data. Mode 5 ID data should align with ATO planning
  per the “Mark XIIA Mode 5 and Mode Select (Mode S) Joint Concept of Operations (Joint CONOPS)” dated
  4 November 2011.
  C-19. Mode 5 Level 1(M5L1) and M5L2 not only reply to interrogations but also provide important multi-
  ship discrimination capabilities (M51) and identification information and position data (M5L 2). M5L 2 also
  provides the capability to report encrypted identification, position, altitude, and other information without
  prompting by interrogation. Mode 5 equipped aircraft can employ the following varying capabilities:
  * M5L1 equipped: M5L1 replies to M5L1 interrogation format (no position data).
  * M5L1 equipped: Reply to a M5L1 Lethal interrogation format, even if the transponder is set to
  STBY (no ID or position data). A Lethal report is only sent if the interrogator sends a lethal
  interrogation. Friendly air defense systems perform lethal interrogations as a final Combat
  Identification measure before engaging.
  * M5L2 equipped and selected: M5L2 reports to M5L2 interrogation format and M5L1 replies to
  M5L1 interrogation format.
  * M5L2 and “Squitter ON” equipped and selected: High resolution M5L2 report format is
  transmitted approximately every half second (interrupted only for M5L1 interrogations and lethal
  interrogations.). M5L2 Squitter ON is the default position.
  * M5L2 equipped and selected: Reply to a M5L2 Lethal interrogation (includes ID and 3D position
  data), or M5L1 Lethal interrogation format even if the transponder is set to standby.
  Air Situational Awareness Systems
  C-20. ADAM/BAE operators configure and integrate numerous air situational awareness systems.
  Air Defense System Integrator
  C-21. The air defense system integrator provides brigades with direct near-real-time access to tactical and
  strategic communications, tactical data information links, and intelligence networks such the joint planning
  network, joint data network, and the integrated broadcast service. The air defense system integrator receives
  line-of-sight and beyond-line-of-sight data from—
  * Multifunctional information distribution system low volume terminal-2 for radio frequency
  Link 16.
  * Transmission control protocol/internet protocol, serial, and landline for MIL-STD-3011 A, B, and
  C joint range extension applications protocols.
  * Wideband tactical radio for satellite tactical data Link 16.
  * Enhanced position location reporting system for situational awareness data link to provide
  situation awareness for non-Link 16 capable platforms.
  C-22. The air defense system integrator receives, processes, correlates, fuses, and displays up to 2,000 precise
  participant location and identification tracks from multiple tactical data link and intelligence sources. These
  tracks include the Link 16 direct and indirect (forwarding) participant location and identification messages,
  the variable message format 5.01 position reports, and cursor on target position reports transmitted into the
  joint data network. Participant location and identification messages are combined with unmanned aircraft
  system vehicle GPS reports to ground control stations to provide a more complete air picture. Airspace