text: _________________________________________________________________________________FM 2-22.3
  8-71. Separation. See Appendix M, Restricted Interrogation Technique –
  Separation.
  Selecting an Approach
  8-72. There often is insufficient information available to determine an
  approach other than the direct approach. In this case where the source
  answers questions but will not discuss pertinent issues, the HUMINT
  collector may ask direct but nonpertinent questions to obtain sufficient
  information to develop an approach strategy. This technique is also useful in
  debriefing to establish rapport. Nonpertinent questions may include––
  • Asking about immediate past events. This includes asking an EPW
  about the circumstances of his capture or asking a refugee about the
  circumstances concerning his arrival at the refugee point or
  checkpoint. By doing this, the HUMINT collector can gain insight into
  the source’s current state of mind and, more importantly, he can
  ascertain his possible approach techniques.
  • Asking background questions. This includes asking about the source's
  family, work, friends, likes, and dislikes. These types of questions can
  develop rapport and provide clues as to the source’s areas of knowledge
  or reveal possibilities for incentives or emotional approaches.
  • Considering what are culturally and socially acceptable topics of
  discussion. For example, asking an Arab male about his wife could be
  considered extremely rude, whereas not asking an American the same
  question might be seen as insensitive.
  Making Smooth Transitions
  8-73. With the exception of the direct approach, no other approach is
  effective by itself. HUMINT collectors use different approach techniques or
  combine them into a cohesive, logical technique. Smooth transitions,
  sincerity, logic, and conviction are needed to make a strategy work. HUMINT
  collectors must carefully assess the source's verbal or nonverbal clues to
  determine when a change in approach strategy is required. The HUMINT
  collector must guide the conversation smoothly and logically, especially when
  moving from one approach technique to another. Using transitional phrases
  can make logical and smooth tie-ins to another approach. By using
  nonpertinent questions, the HUMINT collector can move the conversation in
  the desired direction and, as previously stated, sometimes can obtain leads
  and hints about the source's stresses or weaknesses or other approach
  strategies that may be more successful.
  Recognizing Source Cooperation
  8-74. Each source has a point where he will begin to cooperate and answer
  questions. Some sources will begin answering questions completely and
  truthfully with no preparation; others might require hours or even days of
  work. The amount of time that a HUMINT collector spends on an approach
  depends on a variety of factors. These include––