text: *FM 3-16
  Field Manual Headquarters
  No. 3-16 Department of the Army
  Washington, DC,15 July 2024
  THE ARMY IN MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS
  Contents
  Page
  Preface ................................................................................................................................................... v
  Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... vii
  CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 1
  FUNDAMENTALS OF MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS ............................................................ 1
  Multinational Fundamentals ....................................................................................................... 1
  The Formation of Multinational Forces ...................................................................................... 1
  The Nature of Multinational Operations ..................................................................................... 2
  The Importance of Mutual Confidence ...................................................................................... 3
  Multinational Interoperability ...................................................................................................... 5
  CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 9
  COMMAND AND CONTROL DURING MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS .................................. 9
  Multinational Force Commander ............................................................................................... 9
  Mission Command during Multinational Operations .................................................................. 9
  Mission Partner Environment .................................................................................................. 12
  Integrated Interoperability Purpose ......................................................................................... 13
  Structures for Multinational Operations ................................................................................... 16
  Purpose of Command Relationships ....................................................................................... 20
  Purpose of Other Command Relationships ............................................................................. 21
  Purpose of Multinational Force Staffing .................................................................................. 25
  Communications ...................................................................................................................... 29
  Purpose of Knowing Each Nation’s Capabilities ..................................................................... 29
  Considerations ......................................................................................................................... 31
  CHAPTER 3 ......................................................................................................................................... 35
  PLANNING CHALLENGES FOR MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS ......................................... 35
  Campaign Preparation ............................................................................................................. 35
  Force Projection for Multinational Forces ................................................................................ 35
  Mission Focus for the Commander ......................................................................................... 35
  DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: This manual is approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
  This publication supersedes FM 3-16, dated 8 April 2014.