text: Stability Considerations for Transitions
  these cases, U.S. forces most often support the American ambassador through collaboration with the U.S.
  country team.
  2-100. Occasionally the established government has ceased to carry its basic functions because of foreign
  or domestic conflict, and the situation poses a threat to international peace and stability. In such cases, the
  international community may decide to establish an interim civil authority instead of an interim military
  authority. The United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia, the Office of the High Representative in
  Bosnia, the UN Interim Administration in Kosovo (known as UNMIK), the UN Transitional
  Administration in East Timor, and the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) in Iraq are examples.
  Although under the Department of Defense, the CPA was led by an ambassador and staffed primarily by
  civil administrators.
  CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERIM CIVIL AUTHORITY
  2-101. The interim civil authority exercises the functions of civil administration in the absence of a
  legitimate civil authority. It restores and maintains public order, ensures the safety and security of the local
  populace, and provides essential civil services. Because the interim civil authority is an external imposition
  on domestic affairs and affects the sovereignty of the state and the rights of the people, it can transition
  quickly to local governance. Therefore, the interim civil authority seeks an approach openly cooperative
  with the host nation and its population to facilitate transition to the host nation or international authority.
  2-102. The timing of this transition varies across the sectors. Success depends on a viable political process
  that can establish local legitimate governance. The political process can include a range of activities such
  as—
  * The negotiations towards an enduring, comprehensive peace agreement between the parties to a
  conflict.
  * The holding of what is hoped to be peaceful and credible elections and the strengthening of
  democratic processes.
  * The assistance to whatever local institutions exist in the extension of state authority.
  * National reconciliation.
  * Continual attention to the avoidance of a breakdown in the peace or political process.
  * Supporting and facilitating an all-inclusive political process that can successfully move the
  country from a post-conflict state towards a sustainable peace.
  2-103. The interim civil administration may organize itself in many ways that might include pillars and
  interim administrative structures, with combined international and local participation. In Kosovo, UN
  Interim Administration in Kosovo was divided into four sections:
  * Pillar I: Police and justice (led by the UN).
  * Pillar II: Civil administration (led by the UN).
  * Pillar III: Democratization and institution building (led by the Organization for Security and Co-
  operation in Europe).
  * Pillar IV: Reconstruction and economic development (led by the European Union).
  Additionally, a joint interim administrative structure was established with UN Interim Administration in
  Kosovo and North Atlantic Treaty Organization participation, along with local partners. This consisted of a
  Kosovo Transition Council and an Interim Administrative Council to smooth the way for a permanent
  legitimate structure. The interim civil administration put similar arrangements in place to establish the
  capacity and legitimacy of local partners. (See the cases listed in paragraph 2-100.)
  MILITARY ROLE IN INTERIM CIVIL AUTHORITY
  2-104. Military forces provide support to the interim civil authority. Stability tasks support the efforts of
  an interim civil authority when no legitimate government exists. Stability tasks leverage the coercive and
  constructive capabilities of the military force to establish a safe and secure environment; facilitate
  reconciliation among local or regional adversaries; support the establishment of political, legal, social, and
  economic institutions; and facilitate the transition of responsibility to a legitimate civil authority.