text: Reconnaissance Operations
  UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
  4-27. UAS platforms can locate and identify major enemy forces, moving vehicles, weapons systems, and
  other targets. Additionally, UASs can detect and confirm information on the ground, such as the position of
  friendly forces or the presence of noncombatant civilians. Besides its organic UASs, the unit may plan and
  control employment of UASs from supporting organizations.
  Note. Airspace management and coordination is a critical consideration for the employment of
  UASs. (Refer to FM 3-52 and ATP 3-52.1 for more information.)
  4-28. UAS employment is most effective forward or on the flanks. Employed together, UASs and manned
  or unmanned ground reconnaissance elements provide excellent surveillance capability. Other capabilities
  include the following:
  * Support target acquisition efforts and lethal attacks on enemy reconnaissance and advance forces.
  * Assist in zone, area, and route reconnaissance operations.
  * Locate and determine enemy force composition, disposition, and activity.
  * Maintain contact with enemy forces.
  * Provide target location with enough accuracy to enable immediate target handover and first round
  fire-for-effect engagements.
  * Provide or enhance multispectral sensor coverage of the area of operations.
  * Provide information to ground reconnaissance elements, increasing survivability.
  * Reduce or eliminate exposure time of ground reconnaissance elements in high-risk environments.
  * Support mission duration beyond those of manned systems.
  * Provide digital connectivity that enables rapid product dissemination and constant communications.
  4-29. While UASs are excellent force multipliers, they have limited effectiveness in locating well-covered
  or concealed enemy forces. UASs organic to the reconnaissance unit are not suited for deep, long duration
  searches. Other limitations include the following:
  * Vulnerability to enemy fire.
  * Weather restrictions, such as cloud cover or turbulence.
  * Line-of-sight requirement between the aircraft and ground control stations.
  * Limited frequencies for UAS control.
  * Airspace coordination issues.
  * Limited sensor field of view.
  * Limited detection capability in complex terrain.
  * Unique class III/V requirements.
  * Inability to provide first-hand knowledge of the situation.
  * Fragile components.
  SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE
  4-30. BCTs use information developed by the SIGINT systems organic or task organized to the BCT.
  SIGINT systems can monitor or scan for signals, stop at detected signals, and restart after a predetermined
  time or when manually cued. The system has on-the-move signal intercept capabilities. Electromagnetic
  support (ES) and SIGINT often share the same or similar assets and resources, and personnel conducting ES
  could be required to collect information that meets both requirements simultaneously. The distinction
  between ES and SIGINT is determined by who has operational control of assets collecting information. (See
  FM 3-12 for further details.)
  SURVEILLANCE
  4-31. Surveillance is the systematic observation of aerospace, cyberspace, surface, or subsurface areas,
  places, persons, or things by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means (JP 3-0). Surveillance