text: Chapter 2
  COMMAND
  2-122. Commanders answer the following command questions about the force’s participation in the
  operation:
  • Has the command structure been identified? Is it a lead nation, parallel command, combined, or
  integrated command structure?
  • Have political motivations responsible for each nation’s participation in the operation been
  identified? Have potential conflicts that can arise been identified?
  • Have the implications of national and regional culture on contemplated multinational operations
  been assessed?
  • Have appropriate orientation briefings from civilian agencies been requested?
  • Have status-of-forces agreements (known as SOFAs) been agreed to? If not, who should conduct
  negotiations? Is there an alternative (for example, technical agreements) that provide adequate
  protection?
  • Have interoperability factors (for example, command, control, communications, or logistics) that
  can affect the mission been identified?
  • Are there cultural barriers that prevent a harmonious relationship? Has a force structure that
  minimizes friction between partners been identified?
  • Have supported and supporting relationships been established or referred to higher authority to
  resolve inadequacies?
  • Has the manner that participating nations view the role and execution of intelligence operations been
  identified?
  • Have linguist and interpreter needs been identified and met?
  • Have the capabilities to obtain more linguists and interpreters as needed been identified and met?
  • Have specific capabilities that a national contingent brings to the multinational force been
  identified?
  • Have constraints imposed on multinational forces by their national authorities been identified?
  • Has the composition of an early-entry command post, if required, for senior grade personnel,
  staffing, and communications been identified and met?
  • Have standards for operational or logistic capabilities been established for certifying units to
  participate in the operation? Have nations with deficiencies indicated a method of resolution?
  • Have national caveats on the use of multinational forces been identified and disseminated
  throughout the command?
  • Have deficiencies with multinational commanders been negotiated for resolution?
  • Have C2 arrangements been made for individuals in coordinating functions including the
  multinational ambassadors, military attachés, and nonmilitary government officials?
  • Are forces, logistics support, and command, control, and communications capabilities robust
  enough to respond to increased levels of operational intensity?
  • Have all multinational legal constraints been considered in planning for C2?
  • Have the personnel for the multinational staff been chosen to reflect the required functional skills,
  training level, language skill, and avoidance of historic animosities?
  • Have minimum communications capabilities been established for each multinational member to
  enable successful 24-hour operations?
  • Has the command structure been designed to minimize the number of layers?
  COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS
  2-123. Commanders answer the following command relationships questions about the force’s participation
  in the operation:
  • Have command relationships for the control of forces been defined?
  • Is there an initiating directive that clearly articulates the command arrangements?
  • Have the command relationships been defined and analyzed for the following:
  ▪ Feasibility of achieving unity of command or unity of effort?
  ▪ Feasibility of accomplishing the mission defined by the command relationships?