text: Security Cooperation in the Competition Continuum
  Supporting the Multidomain Task Force
  3-50. SC can enable the partner FSF to maintain contact in all domains and provide additional capability and
  capacity to the multidomain task force during crisis. SC personnel already present in theater from the
  competition phase or those surged during crisis, can integrate, advise, support, conduct liaison, and assess
  with the partner FSF to conduct continuous surveillance and reconnaissance for joint and multinational
  targeting and provide enhanced situational awareness to the multinational headquarters. This capability can
  enable the joint and multinational commander to sense adversary actions—across all domains—first, and
  initiate movement to spoil or prevent adversary attacks before their objectives are realized.
  The Coalition Support Team Concept
  During OPERATION DESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM, the 5th Special Forces
  Group assumed the mission to provide support, liaison, and training to the Pan-Arab
  contingent to the U.S.-led coalition. This force included Saudi, Syrian, Egyptian, and
  Kuwaiti forces. From this mission, 5th Special Forces Group fashioned the coalition
  support team concept. 5th Group eventually fielded 106 coalition support teams, some
  with only 3–4 personnel, from its organic 12-member operational detachment alphas.
  This coalition support team capability excelled in four areas:
  • Training partner Arab units.
  • Reporting ground truth to the JFC.
  • Delivering joint fires for Arab commanders.
  • Coordinating closely with adjacent units to prevent fratricide.
  The Arab forces, as part of the coalition with coalition support team enablers, delivered
  lethal and effective combat power to the multinational force that could be confidently
  committed to major operations with significant responsibilities. The Pan-Arab
  contingent served as the screening force during DESERT SHIELD and penetrated
  well-prepared Iraqi defenses, and liberated Kuwait City during the DESERT STORM
  ground assault. The same tenets and capabilities highlighted in this historic example
  remain central to Army doctrine in multinational and multidomain operations.
  Holding Adversary Interests at Risk
  3-51. SC can enable the partner FSF to be postured correctly to hold adversary interests at risk during crisis.
  SC activities can develop local and regional situational awareness, build networks and relationships with
  partners, and shape an OE to advance U.S. influence. SC contributes to deterrence that may ultimately prevent
  adversary action through the presentation of a credible threat of unacceptable counteraction, and a belief that
  the cost of the action outweighs the perceived benefits.
  3-52. SC personnel integrated with partner FSF units during crisis can fundamentally change the risk calculus
  for adversaries who seek to achieve their objectives through force, thereby giving adversaries a reason to
  pause before they act. The training and readiness of a nation’s defense forces is continuously assessed by
  potential adversaries, and this contributes greatly to shaping an OE. Training creates combat credibility,
  which contributes to deterrence (ADP 3-0).