text: Appendix C
  C-16. Figure C-3 illustrates the overlap between areas of different echelons and their relationship with each
  other. For simplicity, this figure only illustrates a single formation at each echelon (division, corps, and field
  army) for ease of explanation. In practice, these may often overlap. Two additional examples of contiguous
  and noncontiguous areas of operations using multiples of each echelon are described in paragraphs C-46
  through C-52.
  DEEP AREA
  C-1. The deep area is where the commander sets conditions for future success in close combat (ADP 3-0).
  Division, corps, and army commanders conduct deep operations against uncommitted enemy forces to set
  the conditions for subordinate commanders conducting operations in the close area. Commanders strike
  enemy forces throughout their depth and prevent the effective employment of reserves, command and control
  nodes, logistics, and other capabilities not in direct contact with friendly forces. Deep operations extend
  operations in time, space, and purpose. They are not necessarily a function of geographic distance, but rather
  a function of the intent of the operation. Deep operations may include actions to divert, disrupt, delay, or
  destroy enemy forces and capabilities before their commitment and efforts to prevent or limit their coherent
  employment against friendly forces. Commanders combine maneuver, joint fires, military information
  support operations, and cyberspace electromagnetic activities supported by intelligence to conduct deep
  operations. (See ATP 3-94.2 for a detailed description of the deep area.)
  C-2. The purpose of deep operations is to prevent uncommitted enemy forces or capabilities from being
  employed in an effective manner. Deep operations are normally those conducted against an enemy’s forces,
  functions, or resources not currently committed or in contact with friendly maneuver forces. Deep operations
  might aim to disrupt the movement of operational reserves or prevent enemy forces from employing
  long-range cannon, rocket, or missile fires. In an OE where enemy forces recruit insurgents from within a
  population, deep operations might have a temporal rather than geographic focus to interfere with the
  recruiting process, disrupt the training of recruits, or eliminate the underlying factors that enable an enemy
  to recruit.
  C-3. During major operations, the effects of deep operations are typically more influential when directed
  against an enemy's ability to command, mass, maneuver, supply, and reinforce available conventional combat
  forces. Deep operations are more difficult against an enemy that employs a covert force structure, a simple
  supply network, and unconventional tactics. However, with timely accurate intelligence and persistent
  operations, deep operations can disrupt enemy supply operations, destroy weapons caches, and deny
  sanctuary. Commanders may use any number of tactical tasks during the execution of deep operations to
  divert, disrupt, delay, and destroy enemy forces. These actions are not mutually exclusive, as actions
  associated with one effect may also support the others. For example, deep operations conducted to disrupt an
  enemy force's movement may force the enemy commander to divert to an alternate avenue of approach,
  thereby delaying enemy forces from advancing.