text: Stability Operations Considerations in Counterinsurgency
  maintain, and improve those services. This broader focus involves a societal component that encompasses
  long-range education and training, employment programs, and economic investment and development. At
  the tactical level, activities of military forces to provide essential civil services are often defined in terms
  of the immediate humanitarian needs of the people: providing the food, water, shelter, and medical support
  necessary to sustain the population until local civil services are restored. Once their immediate needs are
  satisfied, efforts to restore basic services and transition control to civil authorities typically progress using
  lines of effort based on the memory aid, SWEAT-MSO (sewage, water, electricity, academics, trash,
  medical, safety, and other considerations). These lines of effort are vital to integrating efforts to reestablish
  local HN services with similar, related actions to establish a safe, secure environment. Tactical units may
  support the effort to provide essential civil services by conducting detailed infrastructure reconnaissance
  or security for those types of reconstruction projects. Essential tasks may include—
  • Provide for immediate humanitarian needs (food, water, shelter, and medical support).
  • Ensure proper sanitation, purification, and distribution of drinking water.
  • Provide interim sanitation, wastewater, and waste disposal services.
  Tasks Related to Civilian Dislocation
  7-74. In the fluid and uncertain nature of an insurgency, the population is often left homeless. The
  presence and uncontrolled flow of dislocated civilians can threaten the success of any stability operation.
  The treatment of displaced populations either fosters trust and confidence—laying the foundation
  for stabilization and reconstruction among a traumatized population—or creates resentment and further
  chaos. Local and international aid organizations are most often best equipped to deal with the needs of the
  local populace but require a secure environment in which to operate. Through close cooperation, tactical
  units can enable the success of these organizations by providing critical assistance to the populace. Nearly
  80 percent of all dislocated civilians are women or children. Most suffer from some form of posttraumatic
  stress disorder, and all require food, shelter, and medical care. Following a major disaster, humanitarian
  crisis, or conflict, providing adequate support to dislocated civilians often presents a challenge beyond the
  capability of available military forces. Therefore, military forces offer vital support—coordinated with the
  efforts of other agencies organizations—to provide humanitarian assistance to the general population. The
  list of essential tasks includes—
  • Assist dislocated civilians.
  • Support assistance to dislocated civilians.
  • Support security to dislocated civilian camps.
  Support Famine Prevention and Emergency Food Relief Programs
  7-75. Famine vulnerability may cause an insurgency. An insurgency could certainly lead to a food
  scarcity. The combination of weak institutions, poor policies, and environmental change often results
  in famine. Famine may result in food insecurity, increased poverty, morbidity, malnutrition, and mortality.
  Government agencies, such as the US Agency for International Development (USAID), numerous
  nongovernmental organizations, and the United Nations, are instrumental to response efforts
  in famine-prone states. They oversee the major relief programs that provide emergency food aid
  to suffering populations. Tactical unit of these efforts is vital to the overall success of the operation.
  Essential tasks may include—
  • Monitor and analyze food security and market prices.
  • Predict the effects of conflict on access to food.
  • Estimate total food needs.
  • Assess the adequacy of local physical transport, distribution, and storage of food.
  • Deliver emergency food aid to most vulnerable populations.
  Support Public Health Programs
  7-76. This enables the complementary efforts of local and international aid organizations. The initial
  efforts of military forces aim to stabilize the public health situation within the operational area. These
  efforts may include assessments of the civilian medical and public health system such as infrastructure,
  medical staff, training and education, medical logistics, and public health programs. Achieving measurable