text: Appendix C
  Figure C-2. Example of encirclement control measures
  C-9. The commander who controls both converging forces establishes a RFL between them. The unit may
  also establish a free-fire area, which encloses the area occupied by a bypassed or encircled enemy forces.
  The unit may also establish contact points.
  PLANNING AN ENCIRCLEMENT
  C-10. Encirclement operations may require allocating large forces and significant resources. They take a
  great deal of time and usually slow an advance. The encircling force maintains contact with an encircled
  enemy force, the following general planning considerations apply. Units—
  * Determine the best available assets that gain and maintain contact with enemy forces.
  * Keep encircled enemy forces isolated and incapable of receiving intelligence, logistics, and fire
  support from enemy formations outside of the encirclement.
  * Use reconnaissance and surveillance assets so that they know the capabilities of the encircled force
  and, as much as possible, its commander’s intentions.
  * Retain freedom of maneuver.
  * Control fires and fields of fire to avoid fratricide.
  C-11. Units apply the general planning considerations for the offense or the defense depending on the overall
  mission. Units plan to rotate the forces involved in reducing the encircled pocket to maintain constant
  pressure on the enemy.
  C-12. Every encircled enemy unit reacts differently. Initially, some become demoralized and cannot offer
  any serious resistance. Additional methods for psychologically affecting enemy personnel and reducing their
  mental and physical capabilities is by disrupting their sleep and rest patterns. However, if left undisturbed,
  most enemy units recover and attempt to break out and regain contact with their main force or attack the
  flank and rear of advancing friendly units. The encircling force must plan for the enemy force’s most probable
  reactions.
  C-13. If the enemy force is not reduced, and it can be resupplied or has access to considerable supply stocks,
  then it continues to be a serious threat to encirclement units in future operations. The encircling force must
  be approximately equal in size to this type of encircled force to fix or contain it. This situation occurred when