Molecular modeling of purinergic receptor P2Y12 and interaction with its antagonists.
Purinergic receptors are a class of cell surface receptors for purines that prefer ATP or ADP over adenosine. The surface receptors for extracellular nucleotides are called P2 receptors. They are activated by both pyrimidine and purine nucleotides. ADP initiates platelet aggregation by 'simultaneous activation of two G protein-coupled receptors, P2Y1 and P2Y12. P2Y12 has been shown to be the target of the thienopyridine drugs, ticlopidine and clopidogrel. Here, the active sites of P2Y12 for ATP as well as ADP are predicted by bioinformatics and molecular modeling. First, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of P2Y12 was constructed by InsightII/Homology module using the corresponding bovine rhodopsin (PDB code: 1HZX) as the template. Then the primary structures were optimized by energy minimization that has been successfully accepted by the Protein Data Bank (PDB code: 1VZ1). Second, a simple scoring matrix was built up based on the analysis of 13 known ATP-binding proteins. And the most probable active sites of P2Y12 were predicted using the scoring matrix, which include three distant areas: "head area" (LGTGPLRTFV, 87-96), "middle area" (VGLITNGLAM, 38-47, and LGAKILSVVI, 139-148), and "bottom area" (RTRGVGKVPR, 222-231). Subsequently the structural model of P2Y12 was docked with ATP/ADP in comparison with P2Y1 (PDB code 1ddd). As a comparison, we docked its antagonists, such as ticlopidine and clopidogrel, to the most probable sites and calculated their intermolecular energy. Our results imply that P2Y12 has the potential to be inhibited by ADP/ATP analogs, and it suggests that P2Y12 acts as a target of new drugs that inhibit platelet aggregation.
T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 T19 T1 T20 T21 T22 T23 T24 T25 T26 T27 T28 T29 T2 T30 T31 T32 T33 T34 T35 T36 T37 T38 T39 T3 T40 T41 T42 T43 T44 T45 T46 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9
CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-N GENE-N GENE-N CHEMICAL GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y CHEMICAL GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-Y CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL
ADP ATP pyrimidine and purine nucleotides ADP thienopyridine ticlopidine clopidogrel ATP ADP purines LGTGPLRTFV ATP ADP ATP adenosine Purinergic receptors P2Y12 LGTGPLRTFV VGLITNGLAM LGAKILSVVI RTRGVGKVPR VGLITNGLAM P2Y12 P2Y1 PDB code 1ddd P2Y12 P2Y12 P2 receptors G protein-coupled receptors P2Y1 P2Y12 P2Y12 LGAKILSVVI P2Y12 P2Y12 bovine rhodopsin PDB code: 1HZX PDB code: 1VZ1 purinergic receptor P2Y12 RTRGVGKVPR ATP ADP ticlopidine clopidogrel nucleotides