Apocynin and raisanberine alleviate intermittent hypoxia induced abnormal StAR and 3β-HSD and low testosterone by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and activated p66Shc in rat testes.
We hypothesized that hypoxia induced testicular damage is mediated by an activated NADPH oxidase (NOX), therefore, APO (apocynin) an inhibitor of NOX and raisanberine (RS), a calcium influx inhibitor were tested if they could attenuate hypoxic toxicity to the testis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to hypoxia (10±0.5% O2) for 17d and intervened with APO and RS in the last 6d. Histological changes and expression of pro-inflammation factors were evaluated in vivo. Biomarkers in isolated Leydig cells incubated with H2O2 were also assayed in vitro. Hypoxic rats displayed lower serum testosterone and higher LH and FSH. Upregulation of p22/p47(phox), NOX2, MMP9, PERK and p66Shc was associated with downregulation of StAR, 3β-HSD and Cx43 in the hypoxia testis, revealed by Western blot and immunohistochemical assay, respectively. APO and RS at least partially normalize hypoxia caused male hypogonadism by suppressing ER stress, and p66Shc in testes.
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CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL GENE-N GENE-N GENE-N GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-Y CHEMICAL GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-N GENE-Y GENE-Y GENE-N CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL CHEMICAL
Apocynin raisanberine testosterone NOX LH FSH p22/p47(phox) NOX2 MMP9 PERK APO p66Shc StAR 3β-HSD Cx43 NADPH oxidase p66Shc NOX p66Shc StAR 3β-HSD apocynin raisanberine calcium APO H2O2 testosterone NADPH APO