Presenting Author details:c.b.hartberg@medisin.uio.no Po box 23, Vinderen, 0319 Oslo, Norway, Tel.: +47 92 666231. Background: Previous studies have found relationships between prefrontal and temporal lobe volumes and neurocognitive test results in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to perform a search of the cerebral cortex to identify regions where cortical thickness and neurocognitive performance were related. The a priori hypothesis was that findings would be limited to prefrontal and temporal areas. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with schizophrenia from the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, were investigated and compared with 69 healthy subjects, matched for age and gender. All participants underwent a semi-computerized neurocognitive testing battery covering six domains: premorbid IQ, verbal learning, attention, psychomotor speed, working memory and executive function. High-resolution MR images were acquired and processed using semi-automated computer image analysis (Freesurfer) to generate cortical thickness maps. Results: In patients, higher premorbid IQ was associated with thicker cortex in the right anterior insula and right frontal superior gyrus. Poorer performance on executive functioning was associated with thinner cortex in the right temporal pole and right superior frontal gyrus. In controls, higher premorbid IQ was associated with thicker cortex in the left superior and inferior temporal gyrus, left temporal pole and left middle occipital gyrus. Conclusions: The investigation demonstrated significant relationships between cortical thickness and neurocognitive skills in prefrontal and temporal areas. In patients, significant associations were found in the right hemisphere only, while in controls findings were limited to the left hemisphere. The different findings between patients and controls suggest a disrupted relationship between brain cortical thickness and neurocognition in schizophrenia.