There are a number of electronic, liquid crystal and infrared temperature measurement devices available for use in the axilla, tympanic, skin, temporal, rectal and abdominal region. However not only is agreement about the effectiveness of the various types of thermometers in the neonatal population remain unclear, ease of use, education and economy becomes a consideration when working in the developing world, however it is still important to understand the most devices and methods used in these countries, especially in the preterm and sick newborn, but also infants born at home with resource limited professional health care. Caregivers, volunteers, field and hospital workers also need to be aware of the various temperature measurement methods, devices and factors influencing neonatal temperature how to recognize hypothermia and to be able to rapidly care for infants who are cold. Evidence based practice remains important in developed and developing countries and studies need to continue into the accuracy and reliability of different temperature measurement devices and methods.