Bamboo charcoal (BC) has a natural hierarchical porous three-dimensional network structure and good electrical conductivity. Herein, MoS2 nanoflakes supported by modified bamboo charcoal (MBC) have been prepared via a facile hydrothermal method using ammonium molybdate. SEM observations show that appropriate MoS2 nanoflakes are uniformly dispersed on the porous MBC. In addition, the hybrids exhibit good lithium storage property as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The optimal MoS2/MBC (MS-2) composite delivers a high initial capacity of 1867mAhg−1 at the current density of 200mAg−1, along with a stable reversible capacity of 672mAhg−1 during 200cycles and the impressive high-rate capacity of 581mAhg−1 even at a higher current density of 1600mAg−1. The superior electrochemical performances of MoS2/MBC composites can be attributed to the synergistic effects between MoS2 nanosheets and the hierarchical porous structure of MBC, which buffers the volume change of materials, enhances the conductivity of composites and transmission of electrolyte.