This article presents a new method for labeling archaeological material, based on the use of data matrix (DM) codes. The information that identifies an artefact (site name, level or archaeological unit and consecutive number) is coded on very small labels (3×3mm and 4×4mm). This information is captured by a laser reader, which inputs it directly into a computer database. The system has been successfully applied to the pilot study presented here. Its use greatly improves provenance information and management of the archaeological record, and results in the more accurate processing of artefacts in fieldwork routines, laboratory activities and museum storage.