A surface-roughened clad (S-clad) current collector significantly extends the cycle-life of the lithium ion negative electrode composed of a silicon micropowder and an aqueous binder. The high tensile strength of the S-clad is also proved to be important for improving the battery performance of the electrode by comparison to a surface-roughened pure Cu current collector. Moreover, adding 10 vol.% fluoroethylene carbonate to the electrolyte further extends the cycle-life of the Si electrode. The synergic effect of the high adhesive and tensile strength of the S-clad current collector as well as the electrolyte additive results in maintaining the reversible capacity of 1000 mA h g−1 for more than 1000 cycles, in which 1.0–1.2 mg cm−2 of the active material is loaded on the electrode.