To meet the growing energy demands, it is urgent for us to construct grid-scale energy storage system than can connect sustainable energy resources. Aqueous Li-ion batteries (ALIBs) have been widely investigated to become the most promising stationary power sources for sustainable energy such as wind and solar power. It is believed that advantages of ALIBs will overcome the limitations of the traditional organic lithium battery in virtue of the safety and environmentally friendly aqueous electrolyte. In the past decades, plentiful works have been devoted to enhance the performance of different types of ALIBs. In this review, we discuss the development of cathode, anode and electrolyte for acquiring the desired electrochemical performance of ALIBs. Also, the main challenges and outlook in this field are briefly discussed.