This paper proposes state-of-charge (SOC) estimation algorithms that utilize a filtered battery terminal voltage without measuring the current. These methods extract an estimated open-circuit voltage (OCV) or current from the battery terminal voltage through equivalent circuit model-based filters, which streamlines the estimation process. In the methods, the OCV values derived from the corresponding SOCs are used to extract the filter coefficient for ease of implementation. The relationship between the model's accuracy and estimation performance is investigated, and the variation of the SOC estimation error due to the model parameter tolerance is also derived by the Monte Carlo simulation tool to confirm the practicality of the method. To validate the performance of the proposed approach, a parameter extraction profile and an actual mobile phone profile are applied to a 2.6 Ah prismatic Li-ion battery. The experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed SOC estimation algorithm to within a 5% SOC estimation error.