A facile and scalable in situ synthesis strategy is developed to fabricate MoS2/C nanosheets encapsulated in Sn@SnOxnanoparticlesasahigh-performancelithiumionbatteryanodematerial. (*) With assistance of NaCl particles, MoS2/C nanosheets can be in situ synthesized with Sn@SnOx nanoparticles encapsulated. In the constructed architecture, the MoS2/C nanosheets can not only avoid the direct exposure of Sn@SnOx to the electrolyte and preserve the structural and interfacial stabilization of Sn@SnOx nanoparticles, but also accommodate the mechanical stress induced by the volume change of Sn@SnOx nanoparticles during the charge/discharge process. As a result, tested as an anode material, the Sn@SnOx@MoS2@C composite exhibits super-high rate capability (950mAhg−1 at 0.2Ag−1, 815mAhg−1 at 0.5Ag−1, 715mAhg−1 at 1.0Ag−1, 625mAhg−1 at 2.0Ag−1 and 500mAhg−1 at 5.0Ag−1) and extremely excellent cycling performance at high rate (a high capacity of 530mAhg−1 is achieved after 800 cycles at current density of 2.0Ag−1). The outstanding electrochemical performance of the composite indicates high potential as anode material for high-performance lithium ion battery.