One-dimensional magnetite (Fe3O4) nanowires were synthesized by the low temperature hydrothermal method. The as-prepared Fe3O4 nanowires were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy have confirmed the cubic structure of Fe3O4 nanowires with a space group of Fd 3 ¯ m. Electrochemical properties of Fe3O4 nanowires were tested as anodes in lithium-ion cells by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge. Fe3O4 nanowires exhibited an excellent reversible lithium storage capacity and a satisfactory cycling performance.