Publisher Summary This chapter presents and discusses the issues involved with motor vehicle collisions in a psycholegal context and conducting a psycholegal assessment. The assessment is designed to assess the changes in physical status, quality of life, and psychological functioning. Issues related to psychological impairment and disability, causality, coping, psychiatric diagnosis, malingering and litigation stress, and prognosis are addressed. Although injuries can occur to persons involved in both vehicles, one driver and, ultimately, the insurance company covering that person may incur liability for the collision. The injured person can then sue the liable insurance company for permanent income loss, pain and suffering, and other losses. There are a number of reasons that an injured or traumatized person can be referred to a psychologist, psychiatrist, or other mental health professional. Great emphasis is placed on providing clinical examples related to pain conditions rather than neuropsychological presentations or posttraumatic stress disorder.