Various biomaterials within the nanoscale range are being used in fabrication of nanoscaffolds for tissue engineering. The same unique physicochemical properties that render those nanomaterials (NMs) so valuable for biomedical applications may underlie, however, unforeseen adverse side effects. A major concern is the long-term effects of these NMs that remain in the human body and/or may be released over time, particularly, with respect to their potential carcinogenic effects. A series of genotoxicity tests are currently being used to guarantee, in a cost-effective manner, that novel biomedical substances are devoid of carcinogenic activity. Nevertheless, its application to the safety evaluation of NMs has been challenging and has produced some controversial results. This chapter emphasizes the relevance of the nanogenotoxicology studies, which incorporate the specific characteristics of the nanosized biomaterials into toxicological research, toward their safe utilization into innovative biomedical applications of which tissue engineering is one of the most promising.