Because of the depletion of existing fossil fuels and environmental pollution issues, securing sustainable green energy is globally becoming an important issue. To solve this problem, various complementary measures, such as solar cells, fuel cells and thermal power generation are being studied. Also, everything becomes user-centered, society is increasingly dependent on larger amount of data. In order to analyze such large amount of data and provide customized services to users, a small, semi-permanent power source that is continuously driven is required. Because current technologies have limitations on life-time, size, and mechanical properties, it is very important to develop next-generation ultra-compact, light-weight energy generating devices. Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides have shown potential as peculiar energy materials due to their unique properties. In this paper, we will give an overall review about recent progress in energy applications of 2D-based layered structure materials. First, a brief introduction of synthesis method and characterization of 2D layered materials are presented. Then, the energy application of 2D layered structure materials will be discussed in the field of batteries, solar cells, hydrogen storage, supercapacitors, and nanogenerators.