In this work, cerium oxide nanoparticles are capable of strongly enhancing the chemiluminescence (CL) of the luminol–hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) system. Based on this, a microarray CL method for the determination of the removal rate constant of H2O2 by human erythrocytes has been developed. It is providing direct evidence for a H2O2-removing enzyme in human erythrocytes that acts as the predominant catalyst. A reaction mechanism is discussed. The proposed microarray CL method is sensitive, selective, simple and time-saving, and has good reproducibility and high throughput. Relative CL intensity is linearly related to the concentration of H2O2 in the range from 0.01 to 50 μM. The limit of detection is as low as 6.5 × 10−11 M (3σ), and the relative standard deviation is 2. 1 % at 1 μM levels of H2O2 (for n = 11).
