In this article, we present a review of assessment procedures and instruments of language functioning and communication. We first present the major goals of assessment and outline the clinicopathological and cognitive reference models of assessment. The two main sections are then respectively devoted to a brief presentation of assessment procedures and tools adapted to acquired and developmental deficits of language and communication. In both clinical populations, we review the purpose and use of bedside and screening tools, comprehensive batteries, and tests for specific aspects of language. Finally, questions related to the assessment of language and communication in special populations are briefly sketched before the general conclusion.