The structures of modified carbons from bean dregs were regulated via graphitization treatment and chemical activation. The microstructure and electrochemical performance were studied using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrometer, SEM and TEM techniques. The electrochemical performance was investigated using electrochemical methods. After heat-treatment at 2800°C, the obtained BDC-2800 possessed a high degree of graphitization and showed an outstanding cycling performance, delivering capacity decay from 423 to 396mAhg−1 at 0.1C after 100 cycles. The chemical-treated carbons also demonstrated enhanced electrochemical performance, especially for the KOH-treated sample. The BDC-K displayed superior specific charge capacity of 801mAhg−1 at 0.1C, and showed an impressive rate capability of 643mAhg−1 at 1C. In addition, this sample delivered capacity retention of 94% after 500 cycles at 1C. This good electrochemical performance was mainly due to its high surface area and abundant mesoporous structure.