Layered two-dimensional MoSe2 has raised much interest in lithium/sodium ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs) due to its unique structure and high theoretical capacity. In this work, we have fabricated MoSe2@carbon cloth (MoSe2@CC) composites through an in situ hydrothermal approach followed by an annealing treatment. The as-synthesized MoSe2@CC composites are constructed by MoSe2 nanoflowers anchored on CC network, which can be directly used as binder-free anodes for LIBs and SIBs. As an anode for LIBs, the MoSe2@CC performs excellent rate capacity (1337, 1092, 952, 831 and 749 mAh g−1 at current densities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 A g−1) and super long-life cycling stability (638 mAh g−1 remains after 1200 cycles at 5 A g−1). As for SIBs, the MoSe2@CC electrode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 839 mAh g−1 and excellent long-life cycling stability, retaining 202 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles. Kinetics results indicate that the Li+ and Na+ storages in MoSe2@CC are both dominated by surface-based pseudocapacitive process, which greatly improves the rate performance of LIBs/SIBs. The CC provides a conductive network and an excellent utilization rate of the active material MoSe2 to improve the electrochemical performance.