Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on different types of batteries available in the market. One of the types is alkaline batteries, the second largest market for use in consumer electronics equipment and recently for electric vehicles such as nickel-cadmium cells. Other types include rechargeable batteries that are called accumulators or secondary batteries, whereas use-once-only piles are termed primary batteries. An electrochemical storage battery has properties determined by cell voltage, current and time constants. The two electrodes delivering or receiving power to or from the outside are called en and ep (negative and positive electrode). Within the battery, ions are transported between the negative and positive electrodes through an electrolyte. The high-temperature batteries are fast and involve reversible chemistry, allowing for high current density without excess heat generation. This battery has molten electrodes and a solid electrolyte, usually of tubular shape and made from ceramic beta-alumna materials. Lithium metal electrode batteries have attracted attention over recent years, owing to the potentially very high energy-density. Its electrode materials are LiCoO2 and LiXC6 (carbon or graphite), respectively, with an electrolyte of lithium hexafluorophosphate dissolved in a mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimenthyl carbonate. The battery is built from alternating layers of electrode materials, between which the Li-ions oscillate cyclically. Li-ion batteries do not accept overcharge, and a safety device is usually integrated in the design to provide automatic venting in case of emergency. Owing to its high power-density (by weight or volume) and easy charging (topping up is possible without loss of performance), the resulting concept has rapidly penetrated to the high-end portable equipment sector.