Two dimensional (2D) layered MoS2/graphene and MoS2/XC-72 composites are synthesized by a facile aqueous reduction and heat treatment in N2, and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM. It is found that the 2D MoS2 nanosheets with ∼6 layers are well dispersed on the crumpled graphene surface and the curved layered MoS2 with ∼10 layers coated on XC-72 carbon. Due to the outstanding properties of graphene and the synergistic interaction between 2D MoS2 and graphene nanosheets, the 2D MoS2/graphene composite exhibits a very high reversible capacity of 1060 mAh g−1 with excellent cycle stability and significantly enhanced rate capability compared with pristine MoS2 and the MoS2/XC-72 composite. The synthesis presented in this work can also be the blueprint for the facile production of the 2D MoS2/graphene composite on a relatively large scale.