Publisher Summary Volcanoes are responsible for the formation of much of the Earth's surface. The origin of the word can be traced back to the Island of Vulcano, near Sicily. It was named after Vulcanus, the Roman god of fire and the forge. Volcanoes are one of the most powerful and destructive forces on the planet. They threaten those residing many miles around their immediate vicinity with massive destruction from pyroclastic flows, ballistic projection of materials, thermal injuries from volcanic emissions, and subsequent mud flows and ash fall. Fortunately, volcanologists have made substantial advancements in understanding and predicting eruptions. These advances have saved thousands of lives in recent eruptions and will save many more in the future. The best way to reduce volcano-related morbidity and mortality is simply educating the public of the importance of following the volcanologist's warnings and the emergency management official's recommendations. For those that do not or cannot evacuate, avoiding low-lying areas, reducing exposure to the ash, and making sure accumulations do not lead to structural failure, are the most important protective measures. Community preparedness should also focus on assisting vulnerable populations in preparing in advance and taking appropriate actions when eruptions threaten.