Lithium-ion cells are presently being considered for use in a wide range of aerospace applications. Cells for these aerospace applications, such as F-16 and JSF aircraft, are required to operate at rates up to 15C and at temperatures from −40 to 71°C. To address these requirements, a series of experiments has been undertaken to empirically determine those factors that limit performance. The first experiment compares three different electrode weight loadings and two different anode particle sizes. A chemistry identified from this experiment was able to increase room temperature rate capability by >500%. Pulse discharge rates as high as 70C and continuous discharge rates of 20C were demonstrated. Furthermore, cell performance of 1C at −40°C and 4C at −30°C has been demonstrated. A second experiment evaluated the use of non-solid/electrolyte interface (SEI) forming conductive diluents in the anode. This experiment did not identify any advantages to the conductive diluent at temperatures above −20°C. However, at a discharge rate of 1C at −40°C, the group with the highest level of diluent offers 300% more capacity than the baseline experimental group with no non-SEI forming diluent.