Abstract Transportation is one of the major global consumers of energy, currently representing 20% of aggregate energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Strong growth in energy consumption to 2050 is projected in all sectors, with the transport proportion projected to remain stable up to 2050. In parallel, energy consumed by transportation results in numerous pressures: on human health, on the environment, and on the planet. Several measures have been taken to reduce these pressures. As a result, air pollution induced by transportation has been significantly reduced, although the effect on planet (greenhouse effect) is a remaining issue to be addressed.