In this study, we successfully synthesized magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanofibers by a facile electrospinning technique followed by calcining at 800°C. The lithium storage properties of MgFe2O4 nanofibers as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries have been discussed for the first time. It is demonstrated that MgFe2O4 nanofibers electrode not only deliver a high initial discharge capacity of around 1304mAhg−1, but also maintain a reversible capacity of 714mAhg−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, the MgFe2O4 nanofibers electrode also exhibits high capacity at higher charge/discharge rate. Even at a current density of 2000mAg−1, the reversible capacity can attain 409mAhg−1 after 100 cycles, suggesting its excellent rate capability. The superior lithium storage properties of the MgFe2O4 nanofibers electrode may be related to the unique continuous fibrous morphologies, nanostructured architectures, porous structures, and large specific surface area, which provide an easily Li+ diffusion path and promote electron transfer. In addition, the formation of MgO appears to act as a buffer layer that prevents agglomeration of nanocrystalline, accommodate the large volume change and reduces polarization during cycling.