The effects of the surface treatment of the hydrogen storage alloy on the activation property and cycle life of nickel/metal-hydride (Ni/MH) batteries were investigated by means of the electrochemical impedance spectra. It was found that the oxide layer on the alloy surface affected its electrochemical properties and catalysis for the oxygen combination. Therefore, Ni/MH battery employed the untreated alloy as negative electrode material exhibited bad activation property, short cycle life and high internal pressure. Because of the improvement in the metal hydride electrode electrochemical characteristics and catalysis for oxygen recombination by the surface treatment of the alloy in 0.02M KBH4+6M KOH or 6M KOH solution, the battery used the treated alloy as negative exhibited good activation, long cycle life and low internal pressure. The composition and dissolution of the alloy surface were analyzed by an electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and induced coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). It was found that the Ni-rich surface layer was an important factor to improve the activation and cycle life of battery.