Electrochemical performance of the as-prepared silicon based composite electrode for lithium ion battery can be enhanced by modifying the surface morphology of the Cu foil used as the anode current collector. Increasing the roughness of the Cu foil, contributes to the strong interface adhesion between the anode current collector and the silicon based active composite material slurry layer. The electrode with surface morphology modified Cu current collector delivers higher specific capacity and exhibits better rate capability than that with unmodified Cu current collector. It is also found that the cycle-life of the silicon based composite electrode has been significantly improved by using a surface morphology modified anode current collector. The enhanced cyclability is attributed to the good electrical contact integrality between the active materials and the anode current collector. The improved electrochemical performance indicates that optimizing the anode current collector system can be a valuable alternative for improving electrochemical properties of lithium ion rechargeable batteries.