This paper reports the synthesis of various molar concentrations of manganese (Mn)-doped Sn4P3 nanoparticles and and their efficient use as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The nanoparticles were synthesized via a novel and facile ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal method and characterized in detail by various analytical techniques. The XRD, SEM, and TEM results showed that Mn ion was successfully substituted on the Sn4P3 layered structure without any structure changes. The long cycle stability of the as-prepared Mn-doped Sn4P3 nanoparticles have been tested as an anode material for lithium ion batteries at the different current density. By detailed experimental results exhibited that the Mn dopant content crucially determines the electrochemical performances of Sn4P3 nanoparticles. Electrochemical measurements show that the Sn4P3 nanoparticles with 0.10 mol% molar concentration of Mn dopant give the best cycling performances. They deliver a discharge capacity of 488mAhg−1 after 150 cycles at the current density of 100mAg−1. Even after 150 cycles at a current density of 200mAg−1, the specific capacity still could be remained at 420mAhg−1. Further increasing the current density to 1000mAg−1, it could still maintain 255mAhg−1 after 200 cycles. It is confirmed that Mn substitution in the Sn-Mn-P structure is an important pole to improve the structure stability and electrochemical properties.