There is an increasing concern about sustainable energy supply and problems relating to environmental issues such as global climate change. The development of new technologies is extremely important for creating energy materials, for improving efficiency of energy-related conversions, for developing novel catalysts and reactors, and so on. The present special issue of the Journal of Energy Chemistry contains 26 peer-reviewed manuscripts, with concerns on the newest progress in new energy technologies, including fuel cells (1), Li-ion battery (1), hydrogen production (1), catalysts for energy applications (5), CO2 capture (1), CO2 utilization (3), biofuels (2) and plasma applications (8). We have also included four papers on theoretical studies that are playing more and more important roles in the design of materials and in mechanism studies. Especially, we have paid special attentions to novel technologies like supercritical water and plasma conversion. We have selected papers from the “2012 International Symposium on Plasmas for Catalysts and Energy Materials”, held in Tianjin, China, from September 21 to 24, 2012. The Guest Editors, C.-J. Liu, X. Tu, S. Challapalli and M.-H. Zhang, would like to thank all the contributors of this Special Issue, as well as the referees and the editorial staff of the Journal of Energy Chemistry for their great assistance.