This chapter examines the translation of circuit design to real-world scenarios. It begins with a historical discussion of the transition from analog to digital. Electromechanics are then covered with descriptions of DC motors, methods of controlling them—speed control, linear control, switching control, maintaining speed, torque, braking, regeneration, and changing directions—brushless DC motors and stepper motors, followed by AC and universal motors. Next up are power supplies and how to regulate them with transformers and switchers. The following section covers troubleshooting faulty components, particularly resistors, capacitors, and inductors, and stresses the importance of reading parts’ datasheets. The discussion turns to creating robust designs that take into consideration these real-world problems and concludes with several examples of successful circuit designs, including hybrid Darlington pairs, DC level shifters, virtual grounds, voltage followers, AC-only amplifiers, inverter oscillators, constant current sources, and some designs sent in response to previous editions of the text.