Electrochemical extraction of lithium from seawater/brine has attracted more attentions, since its environmental friendliness and energy-efficient feature. Lithium recovery capacity and energy efficiency has been improved significantly with fast growth of researches on nanomaterial and novel energy storage techniques. This review summarizes electrochemical lithium extracting research from seawater/brine with an emphasis on electrode material design and improving lithium extraction performance. Subsequently, electrochemical extraction of other rare elements from seawater/brine has also been briefly introduced, for reference. It has been concluded that electrochemical extraction technology shows competitiveness and perspectives on utilization of seawater/brine chemical resources. Further, future challenges are also discussed.