Bean JF, Kiely DK, LaRose S, Leveille SG. Which impairments are most associated with high mobility performance in older adults? Implications for a rehabilitation prescription. Objective To test which rehabilitative impairments are associated with higher mobility performance among community-dwelling, mobility-limited older adults. Design Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from participants within a randomized controlled trial. Setting Outpatient rehabilitation research center. Participants Community-dwelling older adults (N=138; mean age, 75.4y) with mobility limitations as defined by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Balance measured via the Berg Balance Scale, leg strength, leg velocity, submaximal aerobic capacity, body mass index (BMI), and mobility performance as measured by the SPPB. Results Each of the 5 physiologic attributes (unipedal balance, leg strength, leg velocity, submaximal aerobic capacity, BMI) was categorized into tertiles by using lower values as reference for impairment status. Within an adjusted model, measures associated with higher SPPB performance (>9) included a BBS score greater than or equal to 54 (odds ratio [OR]=4.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–18.60), leg strength greater than or equal to 21.5N/kg (OR=30.35; 95% CI, 5.48–168.09), leg velocity .0101 to .0129m·s−1·kg−1 (OR=5.31; 95% CI, 1.25–22.57), and leg velocity greater than or equal to .0130m·s−1·kg−1 (OR=22.86; 95% CI, 3.88–134.75). Conclusions Our investigation highlights the importance of rehabilitative impairments in leg strength, leg velocity, and balance as being associated with mobility status as measured by the SPPB. In our sample of participants within an exercise trial, submaximal aerobic capacity and BMI status were not associated with mobility performance. These findings suggest that the augmentation of not only leg strength and balance but also leg velocity may be important in the rehabilitative care of mobility-limited older adults.