Abstract This chapter provides a general introduction to the field of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and deals specifically with the extensive standard test batteries used with adults. Neuropsychological assessment is a relatively new term that describes procedures used for diagnosis, provision of information important for patient care, and research. The focus of neuropsychological assessment has traditionally been on the brain-damaged patient, but there have been major extensions of the field to psychiatric disorders, functioning of nonbrain-damaged individuals with medical disorders, and normal aging. The current chapter provides a general introduction to comprehensive neuropsychological, discusses special problems in the construction and standardization of neuropsychological test batteries, reliability and validity issues, and practical concerns with test construction. This is followed by an introduction to the comprehensive batteries including the Halstead–Reitan Battery and the Luria–Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. Influence of these comprehensive batteries on current assessment practices and development of other comprehensive batteries is discussed.