Non-graphitic carbon nanotubes (NGCNTs) are successfully prepared by carbonization of polypyrrole (PPy) nanotubes precursor synthesized via a self-assembly process. It is observed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that the diameter and length of the NGCNTs are 100–200nm and 2–10μm, respectively. The electrochemical performances of the NGCNTs are evaluated by cyclic voltammograms and galvanostatic discharge–charge cycling. The results show that NGCNTs deliver an initial reversible capacity of 635.7mAhg−1 at current density of 100mAg−1 with a high capacity retention ratio of 85.7% after 150 cycles. Even up to 4Ag−1, the reversible capacity of NGCNTs remains in 280.1mAhg−1. The improved performance of NGCNTs is attributed to the non-graphitic form, tubular morphology and cross-linked conducting networks. Therefore, it is a potential anode material for lithium-ion battery.