PbSbO2Cl@C nanocomposite is synthesized via a simple one-step hydrothermal route and tested as a lithium storage material. The as-prepared PbSbO2Cl@C nanocomposite presents a core–shell structure composing of PbSbO2Cl nanoparticles (20–200nm) as inner core and amorphous carbon coating layer as outer shell. The core–shell structure of PbSbO2Cl@C can restrict the structural breakdown of nanocomposite with carbon coating layer on the surface, and avoid the pulverization and aggregation of PbSbO2Cl nanoparticles during repeated lithiation–delithiation process. Moreover, the induction of carbon layer can also improve the electronic conductivity and reduce the charge transfer resistance of PbSbO2Cl. As a result, PbSbO2Cl@C nanocomposite exhibits improved electrochemical performances compared to pristine PbSbO2Cl.