To improve the performance of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, a microscopic understanding of the electrochemical reaction at the cathode is necessary. The spatial distribution of the electrode redox reaction for the LiFePO4 cathode was analyzed by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) imaging. Chemical state maps of the planar cathode electrode obtained by the in situ XAFS imaging revealed the inhomogeneity of the chemical state of Fe during the charge/discharge process. The chemical state maps for the reverse charge/discharge process demonstrated the reversibility of the inhomogeneous distribution. The in-plane radial progress of the reaction distribution strongly suggests that the inhomogeneous electrode reaction is caused by the difference in electrical conductivity; the charging and discharging reactions proceed through reaction channels with low electrical resistance in the cathode.