Smart camera networks are real-time distributed embedded systems that perform computer vision using multiple cameras. This new approach has emerged thanks to a confluence of simultaneous advances in four key disciplines: computer vision, image sensors, embedded computing, and sensor networks. In this chapter, we briefly review and classify smart camera platforms and networks into single smart cameras, distributed smart camera systems, and wireless smart camera networks. We elaborate the vision of pervasive smart camera networks and identify major research challenges. As the technology for these networks advances, we expect to see many new applications open up—transforming traditional multi-camera systems into pervasive smart camera networks.