Publisher Summary Materials and energy are the resource inputs to manufacturing processes as well as throughout the supply chain of a company. The materials intensity of a product may be measured in the total materials used to produce one product unit. Similarly, the energy intensity is the energy used to produce one product unit. Energy and materials are inputs to the process and the desired output is the product to be sold. Six factors that can be considered for reduction in the manufacturing process are: material intensity, energy intensity, amount of waste not recycled or reused, amount of depleting resources used, service intensity, and health and environmental risk. The goal is to design energy efficient products that can be manufactured with energy efficient methods. Remanufacturing is the process of reconditioning a part or module so that it is suitable for use in a new product. A subassembly or module is taken apart, cleaned, and reconditioned so that it can be used again.