Micro thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power generator is recognized as a promising portable power source for those applications where high power density and lightweight power source is the key of success. As one of the most important components of micro-TPV system, it is essential that the micro combustor achieves a high and uniform temperature distribution along the outer wall. To maximize the radiation energy density and performance efficiency, a novel micro modular combustor-radiator, capable of recirculating the exhaust gas to reheat the outer wall of the combustor and preheat the incoming cold reactant, has been designed and tested. Key results have shown that the mean wall temperature of the combustor with heat recuperation can be increased by 70–110K. In addition, the wall temperature experiences better uniformity due to heat recuperation. The total radiation energy and useful radiation energy are improved by 44.4% and 83%, respectively.