Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various types of lithium batteries, such aslithium-sulphur dioxide primary batteries, lithium-thionyl chloride primary batteries, and lithium-iodine primary batteries. A lithium-sulphur dioxide primary battery uses a lithium anode, a gaseous sulphur dioxide cathode, and an electrolyte comprising lithium bromide dissolved in acetonitrile. In lithium-thionyl chloride primary batteries the electrolyte used consists of a solution of 1.5M lithium aluminium chloride (LiA1CI4) dissolved in thionyl chloride. Lithium-thionyl chloride is often cited as having the highest performance potential of any of the lithium cells. In lithium solid electrolyte primary batteries the Duracell solid electrolyte cell is made of the following materials: anode: high-purity lithium sheet; cathode: mixture of lead iodide, lead sulphide and lead; and electrolyte: blend of lithium iodide and activated alumina. Lithium-iodine primary batteries are constructed by placing in contact a lithium anode and an electronically conducting charge-transfer complex of iodine and poly-2-vinylpyridine (P2VP) containing an excess of iodine. A thin layer of lithium iodide is immediately formed, which becomes the electrolyte of the cell and prevents any further direct reaction between the active cell components. Further, lithium-manganese dioxide primary batteries, lithium-carbon monoflouride prmary, lithium-molybdenum disulphide secondary batteries, lithium (aluminium) iron sulphide secondary cells, and lithium -iron disulphide primary batteries are also discussed.