Summary In the case of electrodeposition from a formamide-water bath, application of pulse reverse waveforms improved the quality of deposits to very little extent, but these resulted in a bluish tinge. It seems that the quality of nickel electrodeposits is affected by the substrate, and both appearance and adhesion were much better for electrodeposits on copper or brass substrates.1.3 Nickel electrodeposition on low carbon steel substrates may require a special degreasing/cleaning process in order to improve adhesion and reduce internal stress.