Abstract The historical development of wheelchairs is first explored. Second, the characteristics of their main components are described, and third, the issues required to adequately select a wheelchair oriented to optimize functional independence and prevent deformations or injuries by use of the occupant are analyzed. Finally, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) normative developed for wheelchairs, known as the ISO 7176 series (which specifies the terminology and the test procedures used to evaluate the dimensions, safety, and performance of both manual and powered versions of wheelchairs), is cited indicating the minimum technical specifications that wheelchairs must meet to serve their intended use.