Before October 16, 1846, scientists had attempted to reduce pain under anesthesia by using various remedies: alcohol, opium, and nonpharmacologic methods such as hypnosis and electricity. The experiments on the possibility of using electricity in medicine and veterinary medicine underwent a rapid boost in the 1930s in Europe, where electricity posed a viable option for stunning cattle before slaughter. Imprecisely, the electrostunning was also called electronarcosis, and scientists believed that the effects of electric current on the brain were similar to the action of anesthetic drugs. The most peculiar electrical device for stunning cattle was the AnestyGun, and many speculated about using these devices also for anesthesia.