School underachievement means a certain quantity of human resource which is taken out of educational circuit. The purpose of study is to investigate this phenomenon at the high school students age in order to identify personality correlates according to age, gender and type of high school they attend (sciences or humanities). We tested 120 students from four classes, two of sciences and two of humanities, from two high schools in Brasov. Predominance of verbalism in education leads to an insufficient valorization of boys. Excitement-seeking, need for actions, role of peers are significantly limited by Romanian education. The progressive character of school underachievement imposes measure of structural change to increase the opportunity of students’ school adjustment.