Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) using carbon electrodes have been anticipated as an energy storage device for electric vehicle, distributed energy system applications, and so on. High surface-area carbons were employed for the electrode materials of EDLC to store energy in the electric double layer, and the control of the pore size distribution of its carbons was recognized to be very important. On the other hand, when the electrode material shows Faradic reactions at the electrode surface in a wide range of potential window, the energy stored by the charge transfer can be accounted as pseudocapacitance. The investigation of novel carbon materials is directly connected to the improvement of EDLC performance, since carbon is essential for capacitor electrode materials. This paper presents recent developments in carbon materials for EDLC electrodes in which the enhancement of various characteristics was achieved by various techniques such as chemical and structural control and hybridization with heteroatoms. Recently, capacitors using these novel carbon materials, having Faradic reactions and novel mechanisms to enhance the total performance, have become to be known as supercapacitors.