The Micro- and Nano-mechanics Working Group of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics organized a forum to discuss the perspectives, trends, and directions in mechanics of heterogeneous materials in January 2010. The international journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is devoted to all fields of solid mechanics and relevant disciplines in science, technology, and engineering, with a balanced coverage on analytical, experimental, numerical and applied investigations. On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, its editor-in-chief, Professor Q.S. Zheng invited some of the forum participants to review the state-of-the-art of mechanics of heterogeneous solids, with a particular emphasis on the recent research development results of Chinese scientists. Their reviews are organized into five research areas as reported in different sections of this paper. §I firstly brings in focus on micro- and nano-mechanics, with regards to several selective topics, including multiscale coupled models and computational methods, nanocrystal superlattices, surface effects, micromechanical damage mechanics, and microstructural evolution of metals and shape memory alloys. §II shows discussions on multifield coupled mechanical phenomena, e.g., multi-fields actuations of liquid crystal polymer networks, mechanical behavior of materials under radiations, and micromechanics of heterogeneous materials. In §III, we mainly address the multiscale mechanics of biological nanocomposites, biological adhesive surface mechanics, wetting and dewetting phenomena on microstructured solid surfaces. The phononic crystals and manipulation of elastic waves were elaborated in §IV. Finally, we conclude with a series of perspectives on solid mechanics. This review will set a primary goal of future science research and engineering application on solid mechanics with the effort of social and economic development.