Coal-based coke powder is a by-product when coke is smashed for metallurgy and chemical industry. There is a vast output of coke powder every year around world, most of which is combusted as cheap fuel or abandoned directly. In this work, the electrochemical performance of graphitized boron-doped coal-based coke powder as anode for lithium ion batteries was investigated. The effects of boron content and graphitization temperature on the anode performance of boron-doped coal-based coke powder were also investigated in this paper. Results showed that a reversible capacity of 360.3mAh/g of boron-doped coal-based coke powder can be obtained, while that of unboron-doped was 292.9mAh/g. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis for the boron-doped coal-based coke powder showed that the distance between carbon layers was lowered by a proper amount of doped boron and higher graphitization temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analysis was carried out to explain the effect of boron doping on the electrochemical performances of coal-based coke anodes.