Developing two dimensional (2D) graphene-based nanomaterials with surface-to-surface architectures has been an important strategy for achieving high-performance lithium ion electrodes. However, almost all of them involve multistep procedures and expensive precursors. This paper reports a novel 2D nanocomposites composed of ultrafine SnO2 nanoparticles anchored on V2O5 nanosheets via a one-pot hydrothermal method, which exhibit high reversible capacities and rate stabilities. The enhanced electrochemical performances compared to pure SnO2 nanoparticles have been attributed to the effective prevention of self-agglomerations of the pulverized nanograins upon cycling. We speculate that the 2D V2O5 nanosheets with layered structures maybe a good substitute for the graphene nanosheets.