Making composites of low-dimension oxides and carbons is one of the most effective strategies towards better energy storage materials. Among various carbons, biomass derived carbons with many distinguishing features show great advantages. We report herein a highly ordered mollusc-shell derived 3D carbon networks (MSDCN) for high-performance composite electrode materials. When Ni(OH)2 is chosen as a conjoined component, the obtained Ni(OH)2/MSDCN composite exhibits a high specific capacity of 81 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 30 A g−1, and shows no obvious capacity fading during long life cycling at 6 A g−1. Symmetric solid-state energy storage devices based on Ni(OH)2/MSDCN are also assembled, which demonstrates a high energy density of 10.7 W h kg−1 at a power density of 0.51 KW kg−1 with good cycling stability over 10000 cycles. Red light-emitting diode (LED, 2 V) can be easily lightened by the prepared solid-state devices. Meanwhile, the successful synthesis of Co3O4 nanocube/MSDCN and MnO2 nanowire/MSDCN composites further reveal the high application potential of the MSDCN for high performance energy storage devices.