Objective: To determine whether men and women differ in cognitive outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Observational, prospective, cross-sectional design. Setting: Research center in an urban medical center. Participants: Participants were 83 community-dwelling men (mean age, 47±11y) and 76 women (mean age, 48±14y) with mild-to-severe TBI, recruited as part of a study on fatigue after TBI. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure: Measures of processing speed, executive functioning, and visual memory were obtained from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Results: Among participants with mild TBI, women scored significantly higher than men on a test of visual memory, and there were no sex differences in processing speed or executive functioning. Among participants with moderate-to-severe TBI, there were no significant sex differences in any cognitive outcomes. Conclusions: Overall, there were few differences in cognitive outcome in men and women in this sample. However, the results are consistent with previous findings of better memory outcome in women compared with men after TBI, when the injury severity is mild. These findings suggest that, in some cognitive domains, outcomes after TBI vary depending on sex, but these differences may depend on other contributing variables such as injury severity.