 Rechargeable lithium ion batteries with nonaqueous electrolyte solutions have been widely used for powering consumer electronic devices such as cellular phones and laptop computers [1]. However, it is apparently more difficult to make larger lithium ion batteries inherently safe. This is mostly due to the reactivity of the electrode materials with the nonaqueous electrolyte solution constituents. In comparison with cells containing organic electrolyte solutions, rechargeable lithium ion batteries with aqueous electrolyte solutions have many advantages such as low cost of both materials and manufacturing, intrinsic safety and environmental friendliness. This has attracted many researchers [2–12] since its inception [13–15]. This type of battery consists of intercalation compounds for lithium ions as active electrode materials and an aqueous electrolyte solution. Because the stability window of aqueous electrolyte solutions is much smaller than that of non-aqueous solutions, the selection of intercalation materials which de/intercalate lithium ions at a suitable electrode potential is a key factor for the performance of the aqueous battery cell. There are few compounds with flat charge/discharge curves that can be used as positive and negative electrode materials. In addition, the combination of negative and positive electrodes of a rechargeable lithium battery in aqueous electrolytes is of importance in order to obtain good electrochemical performance.