Repricing aluminum's supply risks is a chaotic work in progress: Andy Home
FILE PHOTO: Workers ride on an motor rickshaw through an aluminium ingots depot in Wuxi, Jiangsu province in this September 26, 2012 file picture.
LONDON (Reuters) - Aluminum was the standout performer among the major industrial metals last week.
On the London Metal Exchange (LME) three-month metal jumped by more than 7 percent to reach its highest in nearly three years at $2,048 a ton.
China outdid even that, with the most actively traded contract on the Shanghai Futures Exchange (ShFE) hitting a five-year high of 16,480 yuan a ton amid an explosion in trading volumes and open interest.
There is much speculative froth in these moves, particularly in Shanghai, but there is also a collective attempt to reassess this market's supply risks.
China has embarked on a policy of closing "illegal" smelter capacity, meaning that which has been constructed without the full gamut of official approvals.
This being China, the largest producer of aluminum in the world, there are big implications for supply.
One operator alone, China Hongqiao, confirmed this morning that it has closed 2.68 million tonnes of capacity, equivalent to 4.5 percent of global output last year.
These are extraordinary times for aluminum. It is a metal with a history of structural excess capacity and oversupply. Crisis in the past has been defined by too much metal rather than too little.
Which means there is no obvious precedent for pricing this new supply-side uncertainty.
Not helping is the uncertainty over what exactly is going on and the impact on actual production levels.
Graphic on Shanghai Aluminium Price, Volume and Open Interest: tmsnrt.rs/2fFwxx3
Smoke...
When the world's largest aluminum producer, Hongqiao, closes that much capacity, the news might be expected to be instantaneous and clear-cut.
That is not how things happen in China, however.
When Hongqiao first confirmed on Aug. 2 that it would be cutting "more than 2 million tonnes of outdated capacity", it was reacting to rumors that seem to have been based on leaks from another Chinese producer's management meeting.
Hongqiao played down the impact, a spokeswoman saying that what would shut would be replaced by newer capacity. Annual production volumes would still exceed 7 million tonnes as "the utilization rate goes over 100 percent".
On Aug. 8 the Shandong Development and Reform Commission released a statement saying that it had found 3.21 million tonnes of illegal capacity in the province. The capacity, including 2.68 million tonnes at Hongqiao, would be closed.
That statement, however, was actually dated July 24, meaning that the news had been circulating for at least a week before seeping into the broader market as rumor.
Only today did Hongqiao finally confirm that it has already closed 2.68 million tonnes of capacity, spread across five sites, on the orders of the Shandong regional government.
Strictly speaking, the confirmation didn't even come from Hongqiao but from a subsidiary, Shandong Weiqiao, in a statement to the Shenzhen stock exchange.
Hongqiao's own Hong Kong shares have been suspended since March after research firm Emerson Analytics published a report alleging that the company underreported its costs.
That is a whole different universe of uncertainty.
The key take-away, though, is that the "news" of Hongqiao's closures took about three weeks to be confirmed, during which time the market, both in China and in London, received several advance, at times contradictory, tasters.
...And Mirrors
And that is only the start of the smoke and mirrors surrounding China's aluminum smelter sector.
Hongqiao may indeed be able to replace closed capacity.
It will need a "replacement permit" to prove that new production lines are replacing older, inoperative production lines.
This new-for-old requirement and environmental permit system seem to be the two most common reasons for capacity being deemed illegal. Unsurprisingly, there is now an active market in such permits, effectively allowing capacity transfers across local state borders.
A total of 207,000 tonnes of shuttered capacity in the province of Henan, for example, will be transferred to an unnamed company in Inner Mongolia, according to a statement from the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association (CNIA).
Such transfers only add to the news noise and risk muddying already unclear waters.
The market could normally take some comfort from the monthly production figures from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the CNIA. But both sets of figures come with very strong health warnings. Analysts are tending toward the view that "illegal" production capacity was taken out of the statistics before any of it actually closed.
That diminishes the power of any price signal generated from the latest NBS figures, which show national production falling 8.2 percent in July from June's record run rate.
Disorderly Adjustment
Things are likely to become more confusing in the coming months.
China's winter heating season is fast approaching. With it comes the prospect of more enforced aluminum production cuts; these ones on environmental grounds and under the supervision of a different branch of the Chinese government.
Expect more random and contradictory news flow between now and then.
Aluminum trading will remain something of a rollercoaster as it attempts to reprice the supply-demand dynamics through the prism of Beijing's supply-side reform program.
Other commodity sectors, such as coal and steel, are further along the same road. And both have demonstrated how disorderly the process can be on pricing.
The country's Iron and Steel Association has slammed "speculative" behavior for fuelling steel price rises and warned against "over-interpreting" or even "misreading" the drive to close outdated steel capacity.
Such official concern about the unintended consequences of official policy were last week echoed in the aluminum market, with national stalwart Chalco at one stage appearing to try to talk down its own share price.
The aluminum market is right about one thing. The supply picture has changed in a totally unexpected way thanks to Chinese government policy.
How to price that change, however, is still very much a chaotic work in progress, not least in China itself.
(The opinions expressed here are those of the author, a columnist for Reuters.)