Brain fingerprinting is a controversial forensic science
technique that uses electroencephalography (EEG) to determine
whether specific information is stored in a subject's brain. It
does this by measuring electrical brainwave responses to words,
phrases, or pictures that are presented on a computer screen
(Farwell & Smith 2001, Farwell, Richardson, and Richardson
2012). Brain fingerprinting was invented by Lawrence Farwell.
The theory is that the brain processes known and relevant
information differently from the way it processes unknown or
irrelevant information (Farwell & Donchin 1991). The brain's
processing of known information, such as the details of a crime
stored in the brain, is revealed by a specific pattern in the
EEG (electroencephalograph) (Farwell & Smith 2001, Farwell
1994). Farwell's brain fingerprinting originally used the well-
known P300 brain response to detect the brain's recognition of
the known information (Farwell & Donchin 1986, 1991; Farwell
1995a). Later Farwell discovered the P300-M