ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF GRASSHOPPERS AND OTHER INSECT PESTS IN
THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS Location: Pest Management Research
Unit Title: Enemy targeting, trade-offs, and the evolutionary
assembly of a tortoise beetle defense arsenal Submitted to:
Evolutionary Ecology Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: August 24, 2012 Publication Date:
March 1, 2013 Citation: Vencl, F.V., Srygley, R.B. 2013. Enemy
targeting, trade-offs, and the evolutionary assembly of a
tortoise beetle defense arsenal. Evolutionary Ecology. 27(2):
237-252. Available: DOI 10.1007/s10682-012-9603-1. Interpretive
Summary: Insects that eat plants have a variety of defenses
against their natural enemies. The tortoise beetle Acromis
sparsa is noted for having maternal guarding of offspring, and
the manufacture of a larval shield that deters predators. It is
also gregarious. Here we investigate how this herbivorous beetle
uses these defenses from embryo to adult, and the ability of
each defense to deter the attacks