The Four Horsemen were four conservative Supreme Court Justices
during the 1932-1937 terms of the Court, during the
Administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. These four
Justices were Pierce Butler, James McReynolds, George Sutherland
and Willis Van Devanter. In the middle of the Court were Chief
Justice Charles Evans Hughes and Justice Owen J. Roberts. On the
liberal side were Justices Louis Brandeis, Benjamin Cardozo, and
Harlan Fiske Stone, Hughes often sided with the liberals, while
Roberts often agreed with the Four Horsemen. The Four Horsemen,
together with Roberts and Hughes, invalidated key parts of the
New Deal during the 1935 term. They struck down the Agricultural
Adjustment Act of 1933, regulations of the coal industry, and
the New York minimum wage law for women and children. and in ,
the Four together with Roberts voided legislation regulating the
coal industry, and the same line-up voided a New York minimum
wage law for women and children. The Four Horsemen were known to
commute to the