Before 1960, those professionals holding a Ph.D. in any of the
behavioral sciences (psychology, sociology, and anthropology,
including archaeology) primarily found careers in academic life,
but in the last forty years psychology has become increasingly
an applied field, with 60% of those holding advanced degrees now
entering clinical positions. Looking at the behavioral sciences
over these decades, it is clear that psychology’s development as
an academic and applied discipline, particularly since World War
II, has been very different from sociology, anthropology, or
archaeology, and is reflected in the membership of the American
Psychological Association (APA)’s 140,000 members, compared to
the American Anthropological Association (AAA)’s 12,500 members,
the American Sociological Association (ASA)’s 13,000 members, or
the Society for American Archaeology (SAA’s), with its
approximately 10,000 members. There is an interesting parallel
towards “applied work” in archeology, which like psychology, has
undergone a