Lubumbashi, formerly Élisabethville or Elisabethstad until 1966,
is the second largest city in Democratic Republic of the Congo
and the hub of the southeastern part of the country. The copper-
mining city serves as the capital of the relatively prosperous
Katanga (formerly Shaba) province, lying near the Zambian
border. It is the main industrial centre of the mining district
of southeastern Congo. Most regional mining companies are
headquartered in Lubumbashi, which is the transportation centre
for mineral products (copper, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, germanium,
tin, manganese, and coal) from the towns of Likasi, Kolwezi,
Kipushi, and others. Other industries include printing, brewing,
flour milling, and the production of confectionery, cigarettes,
brick, and soap. The city of Élisabethville (sometimes
Elizabethville, both in French, or Elisabethstad in Dutch) was
founded by the Belgians in 1910 which prospered with the
development of a regional copper mining industry. In December
1941, miners in Élisabethville con