Rapid-response utility scale energy storage can cut in half the
power costs of pumped hydroelectric and energy-capacity costs of
current battery systems, and can deliver in minutes-to-hour
range. This process takes advantage of excess electricity during
off-peak hours, and converts that electrical energy to chemical
energy, and stores that energy in the form of Tungsten metal,
which can be recovered later during times of high demand. Two
main processes occur: STORAGE: Steam is broken into hydrogen
(H2) and oxygen (O2), and the H2 reduces tungsten oxide (WO3) to
tungsten metal (W) RECOVERY: On demand, steam (H2O) and W mix to
form WO3 and H2 An animation of the process: Solid Oxide
Membrane (SOM) based processes for mixed waste
magnesium/magnesium oxide (Mg/MgO) recycling. This process can
re-use old, partially oxidized magnesium scrap metal to make
pure magnesium metal (that, for example, can be used to make
cars lighter and therefore more efficient), we use
electrochemistry to remove the oxygen from the MgO,