Scanned text contains errors. ing the ashes of the dead. These
large burial places were built by rich people whose freedmen
were too numerous to be interred in the family burial-place.
They were also erected by the Caesars for their slaves and
freedmen. Several of these still exist, for instance, that of
Livia, the consort of Augustus, who built one for her freedmen
on the Appian road. Common burial-places, in which a niche could
be bespoken beforehand, were sometimes constructed by private
individuals on speculation for people who were too poor to have
a grave of their own. Columbaria were usually built by religious
or mercantile societies, or by burial clubs for their own
members. In such cases the members contributed a single capital
payment and yearly subscriptions, which gave them the right to a
decent burial and a niche in the vault. Tlie names of the dead
were inscribed on marble tablets over each niche. (See cut.)
C61umella (Luclus lunlus MOdlratus). A Latin writer on
agriculture. He was a native of G