Although Tunisia has enacted several laws pertaining to
environmental protection, enforcement of environmental
legislation has not been consistent until recently, due both to
the lack of staff and resources. In addition, the legal
instruments available in the past were not highly effective. The
creation of the National Environmental Protection Agency (ANPE)
in 1988, however, led to the development of a National Action
Plan for the Environment (NAPE), which attempts to draw together
existing environmental legislation and programs and to provide a
strategy for natural resource conservation, pollution control
and land-use management. To that end, article 8 of Air Pollution
and Noise Emissions Law No. 88-91 dictates that any industrial,
agricultural or commercial establishment as well as any
individual or corporate entity carrying out activity that may
cause pollution to the environment, is obliged to eliminate or
to reduce discharges and, eventually, to recycle rejected
matter. The ANPE may initiate legal procee