The infant, despite whether healthy term or high-risk, will
require energy for BMR, thermic effect of food, physical
activity, maintenance, growth and for energy lost in feces and
urine. There is also energy needed just to maintain body
temperature until the early extrauterine period passes. The
newborn requires approximately 108 kcal/kg for about six months
followed by 98 kcal/kg for the next six. The high-risk newborn
will have the same energy requirements, but Calorie needs will
differ in whether or not the infant is enterally fed or
parenterally fed. The enterally fed infant needs a greater
amount of Calories, at 120/kg, than the healthy infant due to
specific dynamic action and cold stress. The parentally fed will
need fewer amount of Calories, at about 80-90 kcal/kg, than the
healthy infant because of the infant won't use as many calories
for activity, cold stress, specific dynamic action or stool
losses. Caloric needs for both enterally and parenterally fed
high-risk infants will aslo need to depend on