Bottomlands, bayous and swamps made overland travel into
Arkansas very difficult. To encourage immigration, Congress
authorized the surveying of a road from Memphis to Little Rock
in January. Expansion was further aided when Acting Governor
Crittenden began negotiating a treaty with the Quapaw tribe
which was finally signed on November 5. The Quapaw, despite the
pleadings of Chief Heckaton, were forced to give up their
ancestral home for a small amount of money, merchandise and an
annuity. The tribe was to be merged with the Caddo in the Red
River region to the southwest. With the Quapaw out of the way,
white settlement could now expand into a large part of central
Arkansas and Little Rock could spread east past the "Little
Rock" into former Quapaw lands. Violence often flared up as a
part of frontier life. Andrew Scott killed Joseph Seldon in a
duel on May 26. While this was not the first duel in Arkansas,
the fact that both men were presidentially appointed Superior
Court judges did not reflect well on the