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ensure accuracy. PEPFAR Implementation: Progress and Promise
prevention (22 percent), prevention of mother-to-child
transmission (22 percent), blood safety (14 percent), and
medical injection safety (12 percent)—are not well-aligned with
the estimated proportions of new infections from the major
routes of transmission. For example, it is estimated that in
sub-Saharan Africa, transmission through sexual contact, from
mother-to-child, and via health care procedures (including blood
transfusions and medical injections) account for 80–90 percent,
5–35 percent, and 5–10 percent of new infections, respectively,
with regional variation (NAS, 1994; Quinn et al., 1994; Quinn,
1996, 2001; WHO, 2002b; Askew and Berer, 2003; Bertozzi et al.,
2006). Together, the two subcategories related to sexual
transmission—abstinence/be faithful and cond