jumʿahArticle Free Pass jumʿah, Friday of the Muslim week and
the special noon service on Friday that all adult, male, free
Muslims are obliged to attend. The jumʿah, which replaces the
usual noon ritual prayer (ṣalāt aẓ-ẓuhr), must take place before
a sizable number of Muslims (according to some legal scholars,
40) in one central mosque in each locality. Muḥammad’s choice of
Friday as the Muslim day of communal worship was probably based
on the pre-Islāmic function of Friday as market day, a natural
occasion for dispersed local tribes to gather in a central
location. The influence of the Jewish and Christian sabbath was
also felt in the institutionalization of the Muslim Friday,
though in Islām it was not a day of rest but a convenient
setting for the special religious service. In the modern period,
however, most Muslim countries have designated Friday as the
legal day of rest; Turkey, following Western tradition, has made
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