Only a few years after Sigmund Freud received the Goethe Prize
for his contribution to psychology and German culture, the Nazis
rose to power and began attacking prominent Jewish
intellectuals, with Freud’s books prominently burned in mass
rallies. Following the annexation of Austria in 1938, anti-
Semitism in Vienna became openly acceptable, and violent. After
several visits from the Gestapo to their Vienna home, Freud and
his family left Austria for London in 1938. His four sisters
died in concentration camps. In 1993 the Jewish Museum Vienna
exhibited the photographs of Freud’s apartment and practice
recorded by Edmund Engelmann shortly before the family’s
emigration, which had around 1970 made possible a reconstruction
of the rooms as a museum.