The Iberian Peninsula is the southwestern tip of Europe
including Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. To the east
and southeast is the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north, west
and southwest lies the Atlantic Ocean. Iberia is bordered at the
northeastern edge by the Pyrenees. The principal cities of the
Iberian Peninsula are Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville,
Bilbao, Lisbon and Porto. The coastline of the Iberian Peninsula
is 3,313 km (2,059 mi), 1,660 km (1,030 mi) on the Mediterranean
side and 1,653 km (1,027 mi) on the Atlantic side. The principal
urban centers are: Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Bilbao,
Lisbon and Porto. Various other notable cities with smaller
populations are also present on the peninsula. The Iberian
Peninsula has been inhabited for at least 1,000,000 years as
remains found in the sites at Atapuerca demonstrate. Among these
sites is the cave of Gran Dolina, where six hominin skeletons,
dated between 780,000 and one million years ago, were found in
1994. Experts have debat