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subjects used to study normal physiology and behavior or who do
not have the condition under study in a particular protocol,
used as comparisons with subjects who do have the condition.
"Normal" may not mean normal in all respects. For example,
patients with broken legs (if not on medication that will affect
the results) may serve as normal volunteers in studies of
metabolism, cognitive development, and the like. Similarly,
patients with heart disease but without diabetes may be the
"normals" in a study of diabetes complicated by heart disease.
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