Intraspecific Relations: Cooperation and Competition are
interactions among organisms of the same species. Members of a
group must be able to communicate with each other to stay in
touch with others in the group. Many animals use vocal
communication of some sort while both plants and animals use
various chemical signals to communicate with each other. In
animals, these chemicals are generally called and are used for
chemical communication over a distance (these are analogous to
hormones within the body). There are various kinds of pheromones
including things like sex pheromones in a variety of insects
(used in gypsy moth traps), trail pheromones in ants (remember
the ants in Its a Bugs Life following the trail?), alarm
pheromones in ants (and probably some other insects, too), and
others in other animals, including humans. Plants often secrete
inhibitory chemicals into the surrounding soil to prevent the
growth of other plants nearby. This is called Amur Honeysuckle
and Black Walnut are two species that are e