Two Traditions of Chant In our previous article, we discussed
the znamennyj chant, the oldest element in the system of eight
hlasy ("tones" or "modes") of the Carpatho-Rusyn We also
observed that from the late fifteenth century on, the church
singing of the Eastern Slavs split into two traditions, the
"Muscovite" tradition (followed in the Grand Duchy of Moscow,
and based on Novgorod church singing) and the "Ruthenian"
tradition (followed in the Lithuanian-Polish state and in the
Hungarian-ruled Both were originally based on the znamennyj
chant, but some melodies, especially those sung from memory
rather than from books, developed rather differently in the two
traditions, and the distinctive Ruthenian forms of these
melodies are called in Russian terminology "Kiev chant." This
name is not applied to melodies of the eight-hlas system in
chant books of the Ruthenian traditions; it arose only when the
Muscovites came into contact once again with the Ruthenian
chant, in the 1650s, when the city of Kiev passed fro