heat and cooling supply Renewables currently provide only 1% of
primary energy demand for heat and cooling supply in the Middle
East, the main contribution coming from the use of biomass and
solar collectors. Dedicated support instruments are required to
ensure a continuously dynamic development of renewables in the
heat market. In the Energy [R]evolution scenario, renewables
provide 84% of the Middle East’s total heating and cooling
demand in 2050. - Energy efficiency measures can restrict the
future primary energy demand for heat and cooling supply to a
doubling rather than tripling, in spite of improving living
standards. - In the industry sector solar collectors,
biomass/biogas as well as geothermal energy are increasingly
substituting for conventional fossil-fuelled heating systems. In
the Energy [R]evolution scenario 2,005 PJ/a is saved by 2050, or
17% compared to the Reference scenario.The advanced Energy
[R]evolution version introduces renewable heating systems around
five years ahead of the basic sce