Copernicus is said to be the founder of modern astronomy. He was
born in Poland,1 and eventually was sent off to Cracow
University, there to study mathematics and optics; at Bologna,
canon law. Returning from his studies in Italy, Copernicus,
through the influence of his uncle, was appointed as a canon in
the cathedral of Frauenburg where he spent a sheltered and
academic life for the rest of his days. Because of his clerical
position, Copernicus moved in the highest circles of power; but
a student he remained. For relaxation Copernicus painted and
translated Greek poetry into Latin. His interest in astronomy
gradually grew to be one in which he had a primary interest. His
investigations were carried on quietly and alone, without help
or consultation. He made his celestial observations from a
turret situated on the protective wall around the cathedral,
observations were made "bare eyeball," so to speak, as a hundred
more years were to pass before the invention of the telescope.
In 1530, Copernicus completed a