Catatonia is a condition marked by changes in muscle tone or
activity associated with a large number of serious mental and
physical illnesses. There are two distinct sets of symptoms that
are characteristic of this condition. In catatonic stupor the
individual experiences a Features of catatonia may also be seen
in Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) which is an uncommon
(but potentially lethal) reaction to some medications used to
treat major mental illnesses. NMS is considered a medical
emergency since 25% of untreated cases result in death.
Catatonia can also be present in individuals suffering from a
number of other physical and emotional conditions such as drug
intoxication, depression, and schizophrenia. It is most commonly
associated with mood disorders. In catatonic stupor, motor
activity may be reduced to zero. Individuals avoid bathing and
grooming, make little or no eye contact with others, may be mute
and rigid, and initiate no social behaviors. In catatonic
excitement the individual is extremely