This report assesses the effects of aircraft on climate and
atmospheric ozone and is the first IPCC report for a specific
industrial subsector. It was prepared by IPCC in collaboration
with the Scientific Assessment Panel to the Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, in response to a
request by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
1 because of the potential impact of aviation emissions. These
are the predominant anthropogenic emissions deposited directly
into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Aviation has
experienced rapid expansion as the world economy has grown.
Passenger traffic (expressed as revenue passenger-kilometers 2 )
has grown since 1960 at nearly 9% per year, 2.4 times the
average Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate. Freight
traffic, approximately 80% of which is carried by passenger
airplanes, has also grown over the same time period. The rate of
growth of passenger traffic has slowed to about 5% in 1997 as
the industry is maturing. Total av