|Module 3: Interpreting Data| 2. Using data to support an
argument To test a theory or answer a question a study is
designed, sampling is conducted and the data is collected. The
process of descriptive statistics then involves presenting the
data in tables and graphs. The data may seem to indicate a clear
conclusion about the population which has been sampled. But how
strongly do the data support that conclusion? Is there strong
evidence for the link between data and conclusion? How can you
be sure that the effect observed is due to the experimental
treatment and is not just an accidental result? Deciding on the
strength of the link between data - and making conclusions about
the population - involves interpretation. The basis of how to
make interpretation lies in another statistical process called
inferential statistics. Inferential statistics involves the use
of statistical methods and models to make measurable claims
about populations (and population parameters) on the basis of
samples (and sample statisti