(Source: ECA and others 2000) The availability of and access to
freshwater is an important determinant of patterns of economic
growth and social development. This is particularly the case in
Africa where most people live in rural areas and are still
heavily dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods. Water is
an essential resource for sustaining economic development in all
sectors. Freshwater is a necessary input for industry and
mining, hydropower generation, tourism, subsistence and
commercial agriculture, fisheries and livestock production.
These activities are central to livelihoods and human well-
being; they provide employment and contribute to national
economies through, among other things, export earnings. Water is
not only an economic good but also a social good. Safe water
supply and appropriate sanitation are the most essential
components for a healthy and prosperous life. The provision of
safe drinking water and adequate sanitation facilities, to the
rural and rapidly expanding urban population