white-collar crimeArticle Free Pass white-collar crime, crime
committed by persons who, often by virtue of their occupations,
exploit social, economic, or technological power for personal or
corporate gain. The term, coined in 1949 by the American
criminologist Edwin Sutherland, drew attention to the typical
attire of the perpetrators, who were generally businesspeople,
high-ranking professionals, and politicians. Since Sutherland’s
time, however, such crimes have ceased to be the exclusive
domain of these groups. Moreover, developments in commerce and
technology have broadened the scope of white-collar crime to
include cybercrime (computer crime), health-care fraud, and
intellectual property crimes, in addition to more-traditional
crimes involving embezzlement, bribery, conspiracy, obstruction
of justice, perjury, money laundering, antitrust violations, tax
crimes, and regulatory violations. Specific examples of
activities that constitute white-collar crimes include price
collusion (conspiring with other cor