• The pay gap between agreeable and disagreeable males is
significantly larger than the gap between agreeable and
disagreeable females. That is, there is a“benefit” of being
(moderately) disagreeable as a male, but this “benefit” is
minimal for females. • Employees are subject to gender
stereotypes in the workplace. Males are expected to exhibit
masculine qualities, including disagreeableness. Females are
expected to exhibit feminine qualities, including agreeableness.
When one gender defies such stereotypes, the employee can be
perceived as deviant. • Males who are agreeable are
disadvantaged (vs. disagreeable males) for two reasons: first,
agreeableness is negatively correlated with income; secondly,
they defy the male stereotype of being assertive and
disagreeable.