There are many interactions between fisheries, including
aquaculture and capture fisheries as well as their intermediate
forms in freshwater and marine environments, and other uses of
the aquatic systems such as agriculture, flood control, power
generation, tourism, mining, transportation, land development
(e.g. housing), and urban and industrial effluent disposal.
Synergistic interactions between fisheries and agriculture are
primarily derived from the recycling of livestock or farming
wastes and nutrients and optimal use of scarce land and water
resources. In aquaculture, the active search for synergies has
led to a number of development and management concepts such as
Integrated Agriculture-Aquaculture (IAA), Integrated Irrigation-
Aquaculture (IIA), as well as to livestock-fish or rice- fish
production systems. These synergies have been enhanced by
improving the use of water and reducing agricultural impacts on
aquatic systems, e.g. through the Integrated Pest Management
concept (IPM). These improvements h