In Hawaii, there are approximately 376 streams that flow
continuously throughout the year. These perennial streams are
primarily fed by rainfall (surface runoff) and underground
sources of water (subsurface flow). From the mountains to the
sea, streams give life to the diversity of ecosystems that form
our unique Hawaiian landscape. From the lush rainforests mauka
to the coastal areas makai, streams flow through conservation
zones, agricultural lands, and urbanized areas near the coast.
Streams are a vital part of our island ecosystem. They provide
habitats for native fish and wildlife, support various
recreational activities such as swimming and fishing, maintain
wetland and estuary ecosystems, and support traditional and
customary Hawaiian rights including taro cultivation. Current
Streamflow Conditions Stream channel alterations include the
widening, straightening, hardening, and other general changes to
a stream channel that are permanent in nature. While stream
channel alterations are often necessary for