Sexual orientation change efforts Sexual orientation change
efforts (SOCE) are methods that aim to change a same-sex sexual
orientation. They may include behavioral techniques, cognitive
behavioral techniques (such as "reparative therapy"),
psychoanalytic techniques, medical approaches, and religious and
spiritual approaches. In some parts of the world, efforts to
change a person's sexual orientation may include acts of sexual
violence ("corrective rape") in which the purported motivation
is to force the victim to change their orientation. The
longstanding consensus of the behavioral and social sciences and
the health and mental health professions is that homosexuality
and bisexuality are per se normal and positive variation of
human sexual orientation. The research consistently failed to
provide any empirical or scientific basis for regarding
homosexuality as a disorder or abnormality. There is a
population that undergoes sexual orientation change efforts
(SOCE) and tends to have strongly conservative religi