hysterectomy (hĭstərĕkˈtəmē) [key], surgical removal of the
uterus. A hysterectomy may involve removal of the uterus only or
additional removal of the cervix (base of the uterus), fallopian
tubes (salpingectomy), and ovaries (oophorectomy). It may be
performed through a conventional abdominal incision or through
the vagina. It is performed in cases of malignant tumors,
endometriosis, prolapsed uterus, or fibroids that cause bleeding
and pain. An emergency hysterectomy is sometimes necessary to
end uterine hemorrhaging. Removal does not physically interfere
with sexual activity, but it does eliminate the uterine
contractions of orgasm. It also eliminates the possibility of
childbearing and precipitates menopause in premenopausal women.
Surgical removal of the ovaries eliminates their production of
estrogen and progesterone along with these hormones's protective
benefits to the heart, bones, and skin. Some women's health
advocates have questioned what they feel is the overuse of
hysterectomy in the United State