History---Cause---Effects on Different Parts of the World---Case
Studies of South East Asia Countries Cause of El Nino The
Southern Oscillation This natural marvel, El Nino, could be
related to a shift in the air movement over the tropical Pacific
Ocean. Changes in wind direction cause the alteration in
circulation and temperature of the ocean, which, in turn further
disrupt air movement and ocean currents. This natural episode is
the largest irregularity in the year to year fluctuation of the
oceanic and atmospheric systems. It is probably caused by the
interaction of the two systems. It is most likely related to the
Southern Oscillation, which is an irregular oscillation of the
atmospheric mass between the Indonesian low pressure system and
the Easter Island high pressure system. The oscillation' period
is several years. Figure (a) shows the normal conditions, and
figure (b) shows the abnormal conditions during El Nino Return
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