Because of the rapid elevation changes, the region is home to
many species with specialized habitat requirements. This
includes the world's smallest deer, the endangered pudu , South
America's largest woodpecker, the Magellanic woodpecker , and 2
pine-seed eating parrots. A fascinating bird, the male Juan
Fernández firecrown , an endemic species of hummingbird is found
here. It has earned its name from the colors on its crown, which
shift from emerald to scarlet, depending on the light. Valdivian
temperate forests are very dense, with epiphyte-laden trees
reaching up to 46 meters (150 ft) in height. The most abundant
trees are Antarctic beech , but many other trees are also
present, including the threatened guaitecas cypress, as well as
the monkey puzzle tree . These forests are also home to the
extraordinarily tall Alerce trees that can reach heights of over
114 meters (375 ft) and live for more than 3,000 years!