Some scientists have expressed concern that scientific
investigation requires a long sequence of observational records,
replicable trials, or model runs (e.g., Monte Carlo simulations)
so the results can be specified by a formal statistical
characterization of the frequency and frequency distribution of
outcomes being assessed. In statistical terms, "objective"
science means attempting to verify any hypothesis through a
series of experiments and recording the frequency with which
that particular outcome occurs. The idea of a limitless set of
identical and independent trials that is "objectively out there"
is a heuristic device that we use to help us rigorously quantify
uncertainty by using frequentist statistics. Although there may
be a large number of trials in some cases, however, this is not
the same as a "limitless" number, and these trials rarely are
truly identical or independent. Most interesting complex systems
cannot possibly be put to every conceivable test to find the
frequency of occurrence of som