Disorders of the Testes The testicles (also called testes) are
part of the male reproductive system. The testicles are two oval
organs about the size of large olives. They are located inside
the scrotum, the loose sac of skin that hangs behind the penis.
The testicles make the male hormones, including testosterone,
and produce sperm, the male reproductive cells. Disorders of the
testes can lead to serious complications, including hormonal
imbalances, sexual dysfunction and infertility. What disorders
affect the testes? Some of the more common disorders that affect
the testes include the following: Because the testes are located
within the scrotum, which hangs outside of the body, they do not
have the protection of muscles and bones. This makes it easier
for the testes to be struck, hit, kicked or crushed, which
occurs most often during contact sports. Males can protect their
testicles by wearing athletic cups during sports. Trauma to the
testes can cause severe pain, bruising and/or swelling. In most
cases, t