withsociety'sphysicalinfrastructure, institutions, and the
technologies embodied within them, and the combined system
evolves relatively slowly. This is obvious, for instance, in
relation to the impact of urban design and infrastructure on
energy consumption for heating, cooling, and transport. Markets
sometimes "lock in" to technologies and practices that are sub-
optimal because of the investment in supporting infrastructure,
which block out alternatives. Diffusion of many innovations
comes up against people's traditional preferences and other
social and cultural barriers. Unless advantages are very clear,
social or behavioral changes on the part of technology users may
require decades. Energy use and greenhouse gas are peripheral
interests in most people's everyday lives. Their consumption
patterns are driven not only by demographic, economic and
technological change, resource availability, infrastructure, and
time constraints, but also by motivation, habit, need,
compulsion, social structures, and other fa