Alcohol culture, family structure and adolescent alcohol use:
multilevel modeling of frequency of heavy drinking among 15-16
year old students in 11 European countries. Frequency of heavy
alcohol use among adolescents is examined by family structure
and propensity toward heavy alcohol use on the individual level,
and by alcohol availability and drinking patterns among
adolescents on the societal level. The analysis includes direct
effects and moderating effects of societal-level indicators on
individual-level associations between family structure and
frequency of heavy alcohol use. The study drew upon self-reports
from 34,001 students in Cyprus, France, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Lithuania, Malta, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Sweden
and the United Kingdom participating in the 1999 European School
Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs study. Distinctions
were drawn between adolescents living with both parents, a
single mother, a single father, a mother and stepfather, a
father and stepmother, and neither