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ensure accuracy. Preventing HIV Transmission: The Role of
Sterile Needles and Bleach to injection drug use. Figure 1.1
illustrates the variation in AIDS incidence rates across states.
Moreover, a closer look at selected metropolitan area AIDS cases
reported in 1993 reveals some substantial variations within and
across regions (Table 1.1). In contrast to surveillance data on
AIDS, precise estimates of HIV infection rates in the total U.S.
population remain problematic. National estimates rely on
mathematical models that back calculate HIV incidence from AIDS
surveillance data as well as a composite of HIV seroprevalence
data from numerous sources: states' reporting and screening of
newborns, blood donors, armed forces recruits, Job Corps
participants, persons attending alternative testing sites and
sexually transmitted disease cli