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One of the recurring debates in cosmetics development relates to
the penetration of ingredients. How do manufacturers ensure
optimal penetration for efficacy? What is the optimal
penetration? How can water, lipophilic molecules, liposomes or
nanoparticles penetrate through the stratum corneum (SC) and
reach deep into the epidermis and below? This overview takes a
somewhat different approach to the question of penetration by
focusing on the SC, the first layer implicated by application of
topical products to the skin. It also investigates how molecules
are able to penetrate this outermost layer and stresses the fact
that even if they penetrate no deeper, they play an essential
role in skin health and youthfulness. This is only an excerpt of
the full article that appeared in Cosmetics & Toiletries, but
you can purchase the full-text version.