What instruments were used to assess children's cognitive
development? Information on children's development was captured
directly from the children themselves and indirectly through a
parent/primary caregiver interview. Both the direct and indirect
child assessments include measures developed specifically for
the ECLS-B and measures taken from other well-established and/or
standardized assessments. 9-month and 2-years collections The
assessment of cognitive development used at 9 months and 2 years
was the Bayley Short Form—Research Edition (BSF-R), an
adaptation of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–II (BSID-
II). The BSF-R includes a subset of BSID-II items that can be
used to approximate children's performance on the full BSID-II.
This assessment captures children’s babbling, vocabulary, active
exploration, understanding of repetitive actions, and problem
solving skills. Preschool and kindergarten collections The early
reading and mathematics direct cognitive assessments used in the
preschool and kinde