In languages that don't have a perfect 1:1 mapping between
sounds and letters in their written form there are two
possibilities. - In English "bow" and "bough" are two spellings
with a single pronunciation - In English /baʊ/are two
pronunciations with a single spelling "bow". In English both are
pretty common, and as my example shows sometimes even the "same
word" can be a case of both. But in other languages one case may
be much more prevalent than the other. For instance in Modern
Greek there are several sounds that can be spelled in multiple
ways but I'm not aware of any spellings that can be pronounced
in multiple ways. What terms are used to describe languages or
writing systems where 1. occurs and where 2. occurs?