At the foot of the Guadalupe Mountains within sight of the
tallest mountain in Texas and between two cold, carbonate
streams lie the archaeological ruins of the Pine Springs Camp, a
key site to understanding both sides of the Apache Wars of the
late 19th century. The term Apache Wars refers to a series of
skirmishes carried on during the United States expansion into
the traditional tribal lands of the Native American Apache
tribes and their allies. The interlaced record of these Apache
and military activities has been the subject of archaeological
research at Pine Springs Camp since the 1970s. Images 1-12 of 12
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