What Is It? End-stage renal disease is a condition in which the
kidneys no longer function normally. "Renal" describes anything
having to do with the kidneys. In end-stage renal disease, the
kidneys function at a fraction of their normal capacity. When
this occurs, dialysis or a kidney transplant is usually needed.
Dialysis is a mechanical process that does the kidneys' work.
Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Kidney
disease can result from type 1 or type 2 diabetes. With either
type, poor control of blood sugar increases the risk of end-
stage renal disease. Other common causes of end-stage renal
disease are: High blood pressure Rheumatic or autoimmune
diseases Genetic disorders, such as polycystic kidney disease
Exposure to toxic drugs, including: Symptoms of end-stage renal
disease include: Nausea or vomiting Easy bruising or bleeding
Symptoms may remain mild or absent until kidney function drops
to less than 20% of normal. Dialysis is urgent when one or more
of the following occurs: