Intelligent tutoring systems, and intelligent learning
environments support learning in a variety of domains from basic
math and physics to legal argument, and hypothesis generation.
These latter domains are ill-defined referring to a broad range
of cognitively complex skills and requiring solvers to structure
or recharacterize them in order to solve problems or address
open questions. Ill-defined domains are very challenging and
have been relatively unexplored in the intelligent learning
community. They usually require novel learning environments
which use nondidactic methods, such as Socratic instruction,
peer-supported exploration, simulation and/or exploratory
learning methods, or informal learning techniques in
collaborative settings Ill-defined domains such as negotiation,
intercultural competence, and argument are increasingly
important in educational settings. As a result, interest in ill-
defined domains has grown in recent years with many researchers
seeking to develop systems that support both struc