|Bab Mardum Mosque, Toledo| This short article is taken from the
full article which is available here as a PDF file The glory of
Toledo in the 11th century was the development of exact
sciences. Here can be found the mathematicians al-Waqqadi and
al-Tugibi; the geometers Ibn al-Attar and Ibn Hamis who were
also astronomers. Amongst these illustrious figures was Muhammad
ibn Al-Safar, who in 1029 made an astrolabe which, centuries
after, was found in the Sprenger collection. It was later
transferred to the Staatsbibliothek of Berlin and can today be
located in the Westdeutsche Bibliothek of Marburg (still in
Germany). Here could be found Ibn al-Bagunis and Ibn Wafid and
here could be seen the rising star of Muslim scholarship, the
young al-Zarqali. Said Al-Andalusi (al-Tulaytuli) (of Toledo)
(1029-1070) has left us important information on this subject in
his Tabaqat al-Umam (The Classification of Nations) which has
been studied by illustrious historians. Ibrahim ibn Said Al-
Wazzan (1085 C.E.) is known to have