CRS Annotated Constitution |Fourteenth Amendment -- Table of
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Intradistrict Desegregation.—The appearance in the Court of
school cases from large metropolitan areas in which the
separation of the races was not mandated by law but allegedly by
official connivance through zoning of school boundaries, pupil
and teacher assignment policies, and site selections, required
the development of standards for determining when segregation
was de jure and what remedies should be imposed when such
official separation was found.42 Accepting the findings of lower
courts that the actions of local school officials and the state
school board were responsible in part for the racial segregation
existing within the school system of the City of Detroit, the
Court in Milliken v. Bradley43 set aside a desegregation order
which required the formulation of a plan for a metropolitan area
including the City and 53 adjacent suburban school districts.
The basic holding of the Court was tha