202 BC Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions
under Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal Barca, leader of the
invading Carthaginian army. 439 The Vandals, led by King
Gaiseric, take Carthage. 1216 King John of England died and was
succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry. 1453 The French
recapture of Bordeaux brought the Hundred Years’ War to a close,
with the English retaining only Calais on French soil. 1466 The
Thirteen Years War ended with the Second Treaty of Thorn. 1512
Martin Luther became a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
1789 John Jay was sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the
United States. 1813 The Battle of Leipzig concluded, giving
Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats. 1822 In Parnaíba;
Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and
Domingos Dias declared the independent state of Piauí. 1850
Annie Smith Peck, American mountaineer, was born (d. 1935). 1864
Battle of Cedar Creek – Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroy
the Confederate Army under Jubal Ea