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| Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for
scientific research, in the areas of both "hard" science and
technology and social science. The term often connotes funding
obtained through a competitive process, in which potential
research projects are evaluated and only the most promising
receive funding. Such processes, which are run by government,
corporations or foundations, allocate scarce funds. Total
research funding in most developed countries is between 1.5% and
3% of GDP; Sweden is the only country to exceed 4% . Most
research funding comes from two major sources, corporations
(through research and development departments) and government
(primarily carried out through universities and specialised
government agencies). Some small amounts of scientific research
are carried out (or funded) by charitable foundations,
especially in relation to developing cures for di