The Islamic conquest of Afghanistan (642–1187) began after the
Islamic conquest of Persia was completed, when Arab Muslims
defeated the Sassanid Empire at the battles of Walaja, al-
Qādisiyyah and Nahavand. The Arabs then began to move towards
the lands east of Persia and in 642 captured the city, Herat.
The complete conversion of Afghanistan to Islam was during the
period of the Ghaznavids, in or about the 11th century. The
detailed history of Afghanistan begins around 330 BC with the
arrival of Alexander the Great and his Greek army although
civilization had existed on the land for thousands of years. The
state of Afghanistan has been referred to by other names in the
past. It is the land where many powerful kingdoms established
their capitals, including the Kushan, Saffarid, Ghaznavid,
Ghurid, Timurid, Mughal, Hotaki, and the Durrani Empire.
Khadamat-e Etela'at-e Dawlati (Persian 'خدمات اطلاعات دولتی'),
almost always known by its acronym KHAD (or KhAD), is the main
security agency and intelligence agency of