Memory and neuropsychology in Down syndrome Christopher Jarrold,
Lynn Nadel and Stefano Vicari This paper outlines the strengths
and weaknesses in both short-term and long-term memory in Down
syndrome, and the implications of these patterns for both other
aspects of cognitive development and underlying neural
pathology. There is clear evidence that Down syndrome is
associated with particularly poor verbal short-term memory
performance, and a deficit in verbal short-term memory would be
expected to negatively affect aspects of language acquisition,
particularly vocabulary development. Individuals with Down
syndrome also show impaired explicit long-term memory for verbal
information, and may also have particular problems in explicit
long-term memory for visual-object associations. However,
implicit memory appears to be less affected in Down syndrome,
and may therefore provide an important basis for intervention
approaches. These findings are consistent with the suggestion of
dysfunction within the hippocampal s