Liturgical Use of Creeds The public use of creeds began in
connection with baptism, in the Traditio and Redditio symboli,
as a preparation for that sacrament, and in the preliminary
interrogations. This use is found as early as the "Canons" of
Hippolytus and the "Catecheses" of St. Cyril of Jerusalem, and
is so universal as to be probably of still earlier date. (Cf.
Acts 8:37) The recitation of the Nicaeo-Constantinopolitan Creed
at the Eucharist seems to have begun, according to Theodore the
Reader, at Antioch under Peter the Fuller in 471 (though James
of Edessa says that it was adopted as soon as it was composed),
and to have been adopted at Constantinople by the Patriarch
Timotheus in 511. Both intended to protest, as Monophysites,
against Chalcedonian "innovations", but in spite of this
heretical origin the practice spread, though Rome did not
finally adopt it until the eleventh century. The Nicene Creed is
the only one in use in the Eastern Churches, whether Orthodox,
Monophysite, or Nestorian, or in th