Temporary overvoltages caused by load rejection are a function
of the load rejected, the system topology after disconnection,
and the characteristics of the sources, i.e., short-circuit
power at the station, speed and voltage regulation of the
generators, etc. These overvoltages are especially important in
the case of load rejection at the remote end of a long line due
to the Ferranti effect. Primarily, it affects the apparatus at
the station connected on the line side of the remote circuit
breaker. A distinction should be made between various system
configurations when large loads are rejected. A system with
relatively short lines and high short circuit power at terminal
stations will have low overvoltages. A system with long lines
and low short circuit power at generating sites will have high
overvoltages. In a symmetrical three-phase power system the same
relative overvoltages occur phase-ground and phasephase. The
longitudinal temporary overvoltages depend on whether phase
opposition is possible. Phase op