Instructional Design — Performance Aids Performance Aids include
technical manuals, decals, flowcharts, or other means of listing
the steps for performing a task. Electronic Performance Support
Systems (EPSS) are normally computer-based and include wizards
and Help Systems. Unlike a technical manual that must be
printed, copied, and shipped to all the locations where it is
used, an EPSS can be instantly updated. Performance Aids are
sometimes called Job Aids, which is defined as a repository for
information, processes, or perspectives that is external to the
individual and that supports work and activity by directing,
guiding, and enlightening performance (Rossett, Gautier-Downes,
1991). Performance Aids should not be used if the task requires
high psychomotor skills or if the worker lacks the prerequisite
skills. The content in a typically learning program and a
Performance Aid are two different, but highly related concepts.
For example, if I start to board a plane and see the pilot
reading “Introduction to