E. Cobham Brewer 18101897. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.
Brown George or rye-bread used by Westphalian peasants. His
Transparency of Pumpernickel. So the Times satirised the minor
German princes, whose ninety men and ten drummers constituted
their whole embattled host on the parade-ground before their
palace; and whose revenue was supplied by a percentage on the
tax levied on strangers at the Pumpernickel Kursaal. (July 18,
1866.)