Robert J. Marzano Art & Science of Teaching Teaching Self-
Efficacy with Personal Projects learn the skills To help
students articulate their aspirations, a teacher might ask,
“What would you do if you knew you wouldn’t fail?” One female
high school student might respond, “I want to go to the U.S. Air
Force Academy and eventually fly military jets.” A powerful
addition to student projects is for the teacher to identify an
aspiration and follow the same phases as the students. in the
context of Many frameworks that outline the skills necessary for
success in the 21st century emphasize the importance of self-
efficacy. 1 Self-efficacy is the belief that one has control
over one’s own life; it’s accompanied by a set of skills that
include the ability to n Identify long- and short-term aspira-
tions that are personally meaningful and that contribute to
one’s sense of well-being. n Set concrete long- and short-term
goals relative to n Monitor progress toward long- and short-term
goals and revise actions or goals as