|Subject||Crown Gall Disease| Severity varies greatly with
factors such as locations of the galls, cultivars, cultural
practices, and, most important, the influence of climate. The
galls are typically found on roots and crowns, and sometimes on
canes and stems. The disease is more common and the symptoms
more severe in cold climates. Latent infections of the bacterium
are common in grapevines and many sources of planting stock
harbor the bacteria. In California, the long term effects of
crown gall are difficult to assess or predict, especially where
winters are mild. Even in vineyards where infection incidence is
low, crown gall has the potential to cause problems when vines
are grafted or budded with new scion varieties. Other types of
mechanical injury can also trigger the formation of galls. Tom
Burr, Cornell University Video Link: Adobe Presenter (formerly
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