Public trust doctrine |Pollution control and remediation|
|Resource conservation and management| |Planning, land use, and
infrastructure| ||This article includes a list of references,
but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient
inline citations. (July 2012)| The ancient laws of the Roman
Emperor Justinian held that the seashore (defined as waters
affected by the ebb and flow of the tides) not appropriated for
private use was open to all. This principle became the law in
England as well. In the Magna Carta in England centuries later
public rights were further strengthened at the insistence of the
nobles that fishing weirs which obstructed free navigation be
removed from rivers. These rights were further strengthened by
later laws in England and subsequently became part of the common
law of the United States as established in Illinois Central
Railroad v. Illinois, 146 U.S. 387 (1892). In that case the
Illinois Legislature had granted an enormous portion of the
Chicago harbor to the Illinois Centr