We began with the ideas of idealism, the Treaty of Westphalia
formed the modern state system, thereby creating an interation
between tem, a need for communication, mostly through war and
then alliances. The romantic era was a period where nationalism
emerged, it defines the state in terms of national interests
"nationalism". Kings weren't fighting each other anymore, now it
was nation against nation. WWI showed that cerain things needed
to change in the state system for humanity as a whole. You can
learn things from war from their devastation. The British
enlightenment period came up with the word "humanity". In
addition to nationalism in the romantic era, people were thought
to have a taranscending identity with humanity as a whole. The
nation state is cyclical while humanity is progressive. Which
leads to teleologic v teleonomic interpretations of history.
Teleology (tele=goal) refers to the idea that progress is
inevitable, this is the strong version of progress. Teleonomy on
the other hand means that prog