BUDA, PURIM OF: In 1684 the Christian armies laid siege to Buda
(Ofen) to drive out the Turks, who had held possession of the
city from 1541; their design was, however, frustrated by the
stout resistance of the Turks and Jews. The participation of the
latter in this opposition to Christian forces was followed by
great embitterment against the Jews, particularly in Italy,
where in Rome they could not venture into the street without a
guard from the pope's troops; any not thus protected being sure
of immediate assault and possibly murder. The towns of
Moncellis, Montaniana, Castel-Franco, and Citadella followed the
example of Rome; and in Padua, where Jews and Christians had
lived side by side for many centuries, a sharp outbreak of anti-
Jewish feeling was felt in 1670. The outbreak in that city was
the outcome of commercial jealousy, brought to a head by a
calumnious publication which was widely circulated among the
people. Although the publication was interdicted by the
authorities, it nevertheless implanted