The 2009 climate and energy package implements the goal of
reducing EU greenhouse gas emissions to 20% below 1990 levels by
2020. The reduction effort is shared out as follows: Taken
together, these two instruments will deliver an overall
reduction of 14% compared with 2005, which is equivalent to a
reduction of 20% compared with 1990. A larger reduction is
required of the EU ETS sectors because it is cheaper to reduce
emissions in the electricity sector than in most other sectors.
Since a single, EU-wide cap on EU ETS emissions will be
introduced from 2013, the effort-sharing arrangement between
Member States under the ESD has been determined solely for the
reduction in emissions from sectors not covered by the EU ETS.
These sectors include transport (road and rail, but not
aviation), buildings (in particular heating), services, small
industrial installations, agriculture and waste. Though many of
the emitters are small, collectively these sectors represent
some 60% of the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions