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permission - The Archaeogenetics of Europe Current Biology,
Volume 20, Issue 4, 23 February 2010, Pages R174-R183 Pedro
Soares, Alessandro Achilli, Ornella Semino, William Davies,
Vincent Macaulay, Hans-Jürgen Bandelt, Antonio Torroni and
Martin B. Richards SummaryA new timescale has recently been
established for human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages, making
mtDNA at present the most informative genetic marker system for
studying European prehistory. Here, we review the new chronology
and compare mtDNA with Y-chromosome patterns, in order to
summarize what we have learnt from archaeogenetics concerning
five episodes over the past 50,000 years which significantly
contributed to the settlement history of Europe: the pioneer
colonisation of the Upper Palaeolithic, the Late Glacial re-
colonisation of the continent from southern refugia after the
Last Glacial Maximum, the postglacial re-colonizat