Inhabits brackish estuaries, large to medium rivers and some
large subalpine lakes. Sedentary populations inhabit even in
small rivers or barbel zone. Feeds mainly on small molluscs and
insect larvae. Breeds in riffles in shallow, fast-flowing
streams and rivers on gravel. Semi-anadromous populations forage
in freshened parts of sea and migrate for long distances to
spawn. Lacustrine populations move to fast-flowing tributaries.
Spent adults return to foraging habitats (Ref. 59043).
Threatened from its range due to water obstruction (Ref. 26100).
- Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European
freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland.
646 p. (Ref. 59043) http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSumm
ary.php?id=59043&speccode=231 No one has provided updates yet.