They don't correspond to a temperature, they correspond to a
rate of heat input. The elements in your oven are connected to a
thermostat with regulates their temperature, they are really
constant heat/fixed temperature devices, like the heat in your
home. The oven turns the elements on and off to regulate
temperature, but the elements are only ever ON or OFF. The
stovetop elements, by contrast, are variable heat/variable
temperature. There is no thermostat, but the elements can be
variably adjusted between MAX and OFF. For every setting the
temperature will just keep getting hotter and hotter (unless
something is removing the heat, like cooking food) - the higher
settings will just get hotter faster. The important thing to
know (for an electric range) is the wattage of the elements -
most 8" elements are ~2500W, and most 6" elements are ~1500W.
But there is a lot of variability. Additionally, if you are
living in a home with 240V power but have recently lived in an
apartment (which likely had 208V power, but