computer chipArticle Free Pass computer chip, also called chip,
integrated circuit or small wafer of semiconductor material
embedded with integrated circuitry. Chips comprise the
processing and memory units of the modern digital computer (see
microprocessor; RAM). Chip making is extremely precise and is
usually done in a “clean room,” since even microscopic
contamination could render a chip defective. As transistor
components have shrunk, the number per chip has doubled about
every 18 months (a phenomenon known as Moore’s law), from a few
thousand in 1971 (Intel Corp.’s first chip) to more than one
billion in 2006. Nanotechnology is expected to make transistors
even smaller and chips correspondingly more powerful as the
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