International trade law: an overview International trade is “the
exchange of goods [or] services” “between nations.” Black’s Law
Dictionary 285, 1529 (8th ed. 2004). Sources of international
trade law Constitutional, federal, and international laws govern
international trade between the United States and foreign
nations (or persons or entities therefrom). Federal and
international laws address a wide range of trade issues, such as
customs duties, dumping, embargoes, free trade zones,
intellectual property, quotas, and subsidies. The Commerce
Clause of the U.S. Constitution empowers Congress to “regulate
commerce with foreign nations,” U.S. Const. Art. I, § 8, cl. 3,
while other Article I provisions empower Congress to “lay and
collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises,” id. at Art. I, §
8, cl. 1, and prohibit states from doing the same without
congressional approval, id. at Art. I, § 10, cl. 2. Pursuant to
this authority, Congress has enacted numerous federal statutes,
including the Tariff Act of 1930, the