The Judiciary Act of 1801 increased the number of federal
courts, judgeships, clerks, and marshals. President Adams, whose
term of office was about to expire, quickly filled the new
positions with Federalists. John Pickering, a judge of the
District of New Hampshire, and Samuel Chase, a Supreme Court
justice, were impeached when President Thomas Jefferson led an
effort to remove Federalist judges from office. Pickering was
convicted and removed from office on March 12, 1804, but Chase
was aquitted and returned to his position on March 1, 1805. The
Shawnees, led by Tenskwatawa, were defeated by the forces of
William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe. Tecumseh’s
confederation was weakened and Harrison’s reputation as a war
hero was bolstered.