The Thirty Years' War was a series of political and religious
wars that lasted from 1618 until 1648. They were mainly caused
by the political rivalry between Catholic and Protestant princes
in Germany, and the interest of foreign powers in German
affairs. The main phases of the war were: - The Bohemian War
(1618-23) in which a Protestant revolt in Bohemia was crushed by
the Catholic League at the White Mountain(1620), and Spain which
conquered the Palatinate (1621-3) - The Danish War (1624-9) in
which Christian IV of Denmark was defeated by the Hapsburgs in
1626, and signed the Treaty of Lubeck in 1629. - The Swedish War
(1630-5) in which Gustavus II of Sweden invaded Germany in 1630,
and defeated the Hapsburg army at Breitenfeld in 1631. The
Hapsburg victory of Nordlingen in 1634, was followed by the
Treaty of Prague in 1635. - The French War in 1635-48 in which
France under Richelieu entered the war against the Hapsburgs,
and won the victories of Rocroi in 1643, and Lens in 1648. The
Thirty Years War, which