Deoxidation is the removal of excess oxygen from molten metal.
The procedure involves adding materials with a high affinity for
oxygen, the oxides of which are either gaseous or readily form
slags. The deoxidation of steel is usually performed by adding
Mn, Si and Al, or rarely by adding Cr, V, Ti, Zr and B. The
deoxidation of molten steel shows a paradox. By increasing the
concentration of deoxidizer in the melt over some critical value
reoxidation of steel takes place. A few examples of the
reoxidation of steel by adding the usual deoxidizers (Si and Al)
are examined in this article. Deoxidation is the last stage in
steelmaking. In the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) and other similar
steelmaking practices the steel bath as the time of tapping
contains 400 to 800 ppm activity of oxygen. Deoxidation is
carried out during tapping by adding into the tap-ladle
appropriate amounts of ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and/or
aluminum or other special deoxidizers. If at the end of the blow
the carbon content of the steel is