Botany online 1996-2004. No further update, only historical
document of botanical science! Generally, answers to questions
of the numerical capture, analysis or representation of mass
phenomenons like allele frequencies in populations are given by
statistics and probability calculus. Readings of experiments may
be grouped around a mean (= mean value). To find out whether two
series of readings represent basically the same or significantly
different values, the t-test is performed. It answers the
question of how far the means of the two readings differ from
each other. The chi2-test is done to see if a result corresponds
with the theoretically expected values. The smaller the
chi2-value the more probable it is that a deviation is caused
merely by chance. MENDEL, his rediscoverers and the geneticists
of this century never got exact but only approximate ratios in
their crossings. Ratios like 3:1 or 1:1 are idealized values.
Though the interpretation of the mechanism they are based on is
plausible, several questi