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About Us In recent years, ancient DNA has been used to
understand aspects of Neanderthal biology. Both mitochondrial
(mtDNA) and nuclear DNA have been extracted from fossils and
sequenced. These sequences have provided information about the
appearance, speech capability and population structure of
Neanderthals as well as their phylogenetic relationship with
anatomically modern humans. Neanderthal DNA bears on several
debates concerning the origins of modern humans. What was the
relationship between Neanderthals and anatomically modern Homo
sapiens? Did Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans
interbreed? Did Neanderthals contribute to the mode