Ancient DNA research from Europe has tended to paint a picture
of substantial population discontinuity. In a Neolithic sample
from Derenburg, neither of the two major Y-chromosome
haplogroups prevalent in Central-Northern Europe, R1 and I were
found. The Tyrolean Iceman belongs to haplogroup G2a4, a minor
lineage in modern-day Europeans. In a Neolithic site from the
French south, Treilles, haplogroups G2 and I2 were found, the
major R1 lineage again being absent. Megalithic mtDNA from
France complements that from the Linearbandkeramik in suggesting
a picture of discontinuity, or, at least, substantial change, in
the occupation of Europe since the Neolithic. An upcoming study
suggest that mtDNA haplogroup X2 did not arrive in Central
Europe with the early LBK Neolithic, but with the later Bell
Beaker folk. The picture of discontinuity, at least for the
Mesolithic-Neolithic transition is supported from Scandinavia,
as well as Luxembourg. To cap it all off, a pair of unexpected
results from Hungary and Ukraine s