Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi 1746-1827 one of the founders of
modern pedagogy Pestalozzi's main concern was education given to
children of all conditions and also to adults regardless of
their standing. His institute in the castle of Yverdon (Canton
of Vaud) was an important centre for 20 years, from 1805 to
1825, which attracted observers from many countries to witness
Pestalozzi's theories in practice. It was Pestalozzi who first
developed educational concepts like teacher training and
curriculum innovations like group work, field trips, grade
levels, ability grouping, and allowing for individual
differences. He had a profound influence on many others in
educational theory, including Friedrich Froebel, the German
inventor of the kindergarten. Pestalozzi took up Rousseau's
ideas and explored how they might be developed and implemented.
He opposed memorization learning and strict discipline, and
pioneered in the use of tactile objects in the teaching of
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