A thorough knowledge of the root system of plants is essential
if their growth, flowering, and fruiting responses are to be
understood. The structure and growth habits of roots have a
pronounced effect on the size and vigor of the plant, method of
propagation, adaptation to certain soil types, and response to
cultural practices and irrigation. The roots of certain
vegetable crops are important as food. Roots typically originate
from the lower portion of a plant or cutting. They possess a
root cap, have no nodes and never bear leaves or flowers
directly. The principal functions of roots are to absorb
nutrients and moisture, to anchor the plant in the soil, to
furnish physical support for the stem, and to serve as food
storage organs. In some plants they may be used as a means of
propagation. Types of Roots A primary (radicle) root originates
at the lower end of the embryo of a seedling plant. A taproot is
formed when the primary root continues to elongate downward.
This makes them difficult to transplant and n