Retinal vascular disorders most commonly refer to a blockage of
the arteries or veins in the retina. The blockage can occur in
the central or a branch off of the central artery or vein. The
degree of vision loss usually corresponds with the severity and
location of occlusion. Retinal vascular occlusions can be
categorized into: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) usually causes severe,
immediate, and painless vision loss. Patients may have a history
of temporary vision loss (amaurosis fugax). This is usually
caused by a clot of blood or other material in the artery. The
major risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes,
carotid artery disease, and occasionally auto-immune illnesses.
Patients are usually diagnosed by ocular examination and
angiogram. Sytemic evaluation may include blood pressure,blood
tests, carotid artery ultrasound, echocardiogram, and other
tests as necessary. Unfortunately, treatment rarely improves
vision. Patients need to be seen in foll