Born: Hamburg, Germany February 23, 1927 Arthur was born to a
Jewish family in Germany's largest port city, Hamburg. His
father owned a small factory that manufactured rubber stamps. In
the early 1930s, Hamburg was home to the fourth largest Jewish
community in Germany, which had numerous social and cultural
institutions. 1933-39: By 1935 conditions for Hamburg's Jews
were bad. My family was moved to another part of town and in
1938, the Nazis seized my father's business. On national
holidays many German citizens unfurled red, white and black Nazi
flags to show patriotism. My sister and I made our own "Nazi"
flag and hung it out of the window. But my parents got angry
with us and reeled it back in. We didn't understand why we
couldn't support our own country. 1940-44: In 1941 I was
deported 800 miles east to Minsk ghetto in the USSR. The ghetto
there was vast, with 85,000 people. I was put to work in a
nearby German army base, cutting peat for fuel. The soldiers
were regular army and didn't abuse the prisoner