Charles Peirce and Allan Marquand Charles Sanders Peirce
(1839–1914) was a famous American philosopher, logician,
mathematician, and scientist. Peirce was an innovator in many
fields, including philosophy of science, epistemology,
metaphysics, mathematics, statistics, research methodology, and
the design of experiments in astronomy, geophysics, and
psychology, but he considered himself a logician first and
foremost (he was perhaps the leading logician in the world at
that time). He made major contributions to logic, but logic for
him encompassed much of that which is now called epistemology
and philosophy of science. He saw logic as the formal branch of
semiotics, of which he is a founder. One of his striking
discoveries in foundational mathematics was (in 1880) how
Boolean algebra could be expressed via a single binary
operation, either NAND or its dual, NOR. From 1879 till 1884
Peirce was a lecturer on the logic at the new Johns Hopkins
University. Although his appointment at Hopkins was in logic, he
was al