The outlines of the park took shape in the first half of the
18th century. South of the palace is the Upper Park with five
fountains, including Neptune. To the north, between the palace
and the sea, is the Lower Park, with the Grand Cascade and
complex of fountains, which were begun in 1710 to commemorate
the Russian victory over the Swedes in the Great Northern War
(1700-1721). The compositional centre of the Grand Cascade is
the monumental sculpture Samson Rending the Lions Jaws; the
original lead statue was replaced in 1802 with a bronze (lost
1944; reconstructed 1947) by Mikhail Kozlovsky. The triumphal
theme is repeated in the other sculptures in the cascade, by
Bartolomeo Carlo Rastrelli, Fedot Shubin, Feodosy Shchedrin and
Ivan Martos. In the eastern part of the Lower Garden, on an
artificial embankment at the edge of the sea, is Peter Is
miniature palace, Monplaisir and its small garden with five
fountains (1721-1723). The Marly Palace (1721-1724; by
Braunstein) is on the west side of the Lower Park;