Harlan Fiske StoneArticle Free Pass Harlan Fiske Stone, (born
Oct. 11, 1872, Chesterfield, N.H., U.S.—died April 22, 1946,
Washington, D.C.), associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
(1925–41) and 12th chief justice of the United States (1941–46).
Sometimes considered a liberal and occasionally espousing
libertarian ideas, he believed primarily in judicial self-
restraint: the efforts of government to meet changing 20th-
century social and political conditions should be restricted
only on the basis of unconstitutionality rather than
undesirability. Stone graduated from Amherst College in 1894 and
received his law degree in 1898 from the law school of Columbia
University. He then taught at Columbia from 1899 and served as
the dean of its law school from 1910, while also conducting a
private law practice in New York City. President Calvin Coolidge
appointed him attorney general of the United States (1924), in
which post he reorganized the Federal Bureau of Investigation
after its reputation had been tarnished