“The essence of a nation is that all individuals have many
things in common; and also that they have forgotten many
things.” Ernest Renan, What is a Nation? (1882) 1According to
the definition of nation given by Ernest Renan, talking about
nation in the case of Sudan is intricate. Sudan is the largest
African postco-lonial country and is characterised by broad
geographical, ethnical, linguistic, cultural, and religious
diversity. The country has been split by several civil wars
running since the independence of 1956 until 2005, when a North-
South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed. The wars
revealed clea-vages between the South and North of Sudan, and
also shaped the boundaries of conflictive identities. The CPA
provides a national framework for peace until 2011 when a
referendum would eventually give its independence to Southern
Sudan. In the 2005-2011 interim period, one of the goals of the
CPA imple-mentation process along with political and economical
stakes, is to challenge the negative effec