Improving teachers' mathematical knowledge and their capacity to
use it to do the work of teaching is crucial in developing
students' mathematical proficiency. - Adding It Up1 Content for
the IMAGES program covers five different strands: These strands
were chosen to be consistent with international (TIMSS: the
Third International Mathematics and Science Study), national
(NAEP: the National Assessment of Educational Progress), and
state standards and expectations. Because teachers need to know
material that reaches beyond the level of the geometry and
measurement that they themselves are teaching, IMAGES includes
content beyond grades K-5, in support of what students will need
to know in subsequent years. In designing this publication,
determining how to present the K-5 student expectations posed a
dilemma, as the NCTM standards are divided pre-K-2 and 3-5,
while many states have traditionally required assessments at
grades 3, 5, and 8. In order to be teacher-friendly, IMAGES
clusters content for grades K-3 an