Monaco Bank is a submarine volcano located in the Azores Island
Arc. The volcano was constructed on regional tectonic trend
connecting the active volcanic island of Sao Miguel (5
volcanoes) to the now extinct Santa Maria Island. Like many
Azores volcanoes, the volcano is rift-dominated, built on a NW-
SE-trending fissure 20 km south of the western tip of Sao Miguel
Island. The volcano therefore has an elongated profile (much
like San Jorge Island, Azores) rising to within 197 metres of
the sea surface. Photo showing the sea floor around the Eastern
Azores. Monaco Bank is the ridge extending south from Sao Miguel
in the bottom centre of the image. Don Joao de Castro Bank rises
from the sea floor between Sao Miguel and Terceira. Photo from
Santos and Tempera et.al, 2010. Two eruptions have been
documented from Monaco Bank. The first, in 1907 was only
discovered because it broke an underwater telegraph cable. In
1911, a second eruption occurred when underwater phreatic
explosions created water jets the broke thro