messages.role: user
messages.content: "Application Brief
  Low Power mmWave Radar Solution Enables New
  Functionality in Battery Powered Proximity Sensing
  Products
  Robert Tolbert
  The goal of this applications brief is to inform
  and educate partners and customers on the
  advancements that Texas Instruments’ has made in
  millimeter wave (mmWave) Radar sensing. The key
  advancement discussed in this brief is the release
  of the IWRL6432 low power 60 GHz mmWave radar
  sensor that can run sensing applications from a
  typical battery.
  The Technology: What is mmWave Radar
  Sensing?
  mmWave is a radio frequency (RF) sensing
  technology that works in the spectrum band between
  30 GHz and 300 GHz. mmWave has a wavelength
  of 1 millimeter up to 10 millimeters. Therefore, the
  industry term most often used for the technology
  is mmWave as a result of the aforementioned
  wavelength. The sensing technology works by using
  one or more RF transmitters to send short radio
  pulses at pre-determined frequencies from an on-chip
  frequency generator into an area. The radio pulses
  reflect off objects in the area, and those reflections
  are captured on the same integrated circuit (IC) by
  one or more on-chip RF receivers. Information about
  the reflected signal is then used to determine range,
  velocity and angle of reflection of a person/object with
  an unmatched level of accuracy and reliability. The
  range is the distance of the object from the sensor.
  While the velocity is the speed and direction of
  movement of the object. Finally, the angle of reflection
  is the angle at which the reflected signals return to
  the sensor upon reflection. This information is used to
  determine the precise location of the object relative to
  the sensor and in a three-dimensional space.
  As previously mentioned, mmWave is an RF
  technology. Therefore, mmWave sensors are only
  mildly susceptible to changes in or less than ideal
  environmental conditions. Conditions such as bright
  sunlight, darkness, rain, sleet, snow, smoke, fog, high
  humidity, extreme high or extreme low temperatures
  have little to no impact on the accuracy of a mmWave
  radar sensor. As a result, radar can be used in all
  kinds of applications, whether industrial, residential,
  indoors or outdoors, where competing technologies
  fail.
  mmWave radar sensors detect people and protect
  their identities. As an RF based sensing technology
  the sensors do not return any visual nor identifying
  information unique to a specific person or object. You
  don't get a visual of the object or person. The radar
  does not return any information that can compromise
  someone's privacy beyond presence and number of
  objects detected. Additionally, the radar can be easily
  installed behind objects allowing the radar to run
  invisibly, reliably and robustly. The radar can sense
  through various media (e.g. glass, plastic, wood,
  drywall of varying thickness and more). Therefore,
  the radar can be placed behind a picture or behind
  curtains, basically out of plain sight.
  Figure 1. US Frequency Spectrum
  IWRL6432: Low Power Use Cases/Products
  To date, mmWave Radar sensing based products
  for industrial use have been largely relegated
  to line-powered applications. This limited radar’s
  potential use-cases and product appeal despite the
  performance advantages that the technology has over
  competing technologies like Passive Infrared (PIR)
  sensors. IWRL6432, with focus on high-performance
  while consuming less power is set to change that.
  Radar can supplement the camera in products like
  home security cameras and video doorbells,
  www.ti.com
  SWRA766 – JANUARY 2023
  Submit Document Feedback
  Low Power mmWave Radar Solution Enables New Functionality in Battery
  Powered Proximity Sensing Products
  1
  Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated
  adding functionality such as precise location
  detection, low-power presence detection, human vs
  non-human classification and person counting, while
  reducing false detections/alarms. End equipment
  developers can even decide to replace the camera
  completely to allow the security solution to be placed
  in areas where personal privacy is of concern and
  non-visual observation is desired like bedrooms and
  restrooms. The low-power consumption of the device
  enables battery power too, further increasing the
  areas where the device can be placed. Table 1 give
  some use cases of battery powered radars.
  Table 1. Functions/Applications/Power
  Consumption
  Function Performance Avg Power
  Consumption
  End
  Equipment
  Presence
  Detection
  7 meters
  (localization) 2mW
  Lighting
  Control, Indoor
  Occupancy
  Sensors,
  Thermostats,
  Appliances
  Motion
  Detection 15 meters 10mW
  Video Doorbell,
  Home
  Surveillance
  Tracking and
  Classification
  3+ person
  tracking 50mW
  Doors/Gates,
  Surveillance
  with
  classification
  Indoor Occupancy Sensors and Radar Enabled
  Lights & Fixtures can now be battery powered,
  making installation possible nearly anywhere. Using
  the radar, these products count and localize the
  number of people in a room. Lighting and ventilation
  systems, which previously only knew whether people
  were present/not-present, become more efficient and
  robust. Minor motion detection enabled by mmWave
  radar sensor is a key feature in improving the
  efficiency of these products. Using the IWRL6432,
  motion is detected from the slightest movements
  such as typing or breathing enabling more precise
  monitoring of offices, hotel rooms etc.
  Personal Electronics like laptops, earbuds, music
  players and the like can also be outfitted with
  the IWRL6432 due to low power consumption. For
  example, laptops can now use radar for “on-looker”
  presence detection to dim the display when there is
  an unwanted presence within a specified area around
  the user and not compromise the battery life of the
  laptop.
  Many new applications of radar can be realized with
  the low power consumption, accurate and reliable
  range, velocity and location information that the
  IWRL6432 provides.
  Figure 2. IWRL6432 Video Doorbell Demonstration
  with Camera and Radar Shown
  The Design: What Makes the Power so Low?
  The IWRL6432 is developed in Texas Instruments
  low power 45nm RFCMOS process to enable
  unprecedented levels of integration and power
  consumption. This radar sensor deploys a mix of
  hardware design and software techniques to minimize
  the power consumption while in active and sleep
  modes. The radar IC is partitioned into four (4) power
  domains (see Figure B below) which can be turned
  on/off via software controls.
  1. RF / Analog Subsystem – includes all RF and
  analog components required to transmit and
  receive RF signals
  2. Front-end Controller Sub-system: includes the
  processor responsible for radar front-end
  configuration, control and calibration
  3. Application Sub-system: includes the ARM
  Cortex®-M4, clocking and power managements
  sub-blocks
  4. Hardware Accelerator Sub-system: includes the
  FFT and Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR)
  accelerators for scaling and compression
  The device also features the capability to exercise
  various low-power states like sleep and deep sleep.
  Low-power sleep mode is achieved by clock gating
  and by turning off specified internal blocks of the
  device. The power states and their associated
  description are listed in Table 2 below and include
  Active, Processing, Idle and Deep Sleep States. In an
  effort to maximize performance and minimize power
  consumption the device can go in/out of the various
  modes extremely quickly. IWRL6432 also includes
  features such as memory retention while in low power
  states to retain some contents of the on-chip memory
  like the RF chirp profile and the application image.
  Texas Instruments provides detailed documentation
  and examples on how to navigate the IWRL6432
  through the device's multiple power modes and
  states. Take a look at the device data sheet and other
  www.ti.com
  2 Low Power mmWave Radar Solution Enables New Functionality in Battery
  Powered Proximity Sensing Products
  SWRA766 – JANUARY 2023
  Submit Document Feedback
  Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated
  design materials in the IWRL6432 product folder to
  get more detailed information.
  Table 2. IWRL6432 Device Power States
  Mode Description
  Active RF activity is present
  Processing Data is being processed and
  the RF / Analog Sub-system is
  turned off
  Idle State occurs during inter-frame/
  inter-burst/inter-chirp idle time
  Deep Sleep Lowest possible power state of
  the device where the contents of
  the device can be retained and
  the device need not boot from
  scratch
  Conclusion
  As buildings, homes, factories and personal
  electronics get smarter the bar is raised on the
  sensing requirements and modalities while keeping
  power consumption to a minimum. The IWRL6432
  meets the bar in enabling robust, reliable, accurate
  high-performance sensing solutions with limited power
  consumption. To learn more, visit www.ti.com/product/
  IWRL6432
  www.ti.com
  SWRA766 – JANUARY 2023
  Submit Document Feedback
  Low Power mmWave Radar Solution Enables New Functionality in Battery
  Powered Proximity Sensing Products
  3
  Copyright © 2023 Texas Instruments Incorporated
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  PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
  These resources are intended for skilled developers designing with TI products. You are solely responsible for (1) selecting the appropriate
  TI products for your application, (2) designing, validating and testing your application, and (3) ensuring your application meets applicable
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  These resources are subject to change without notice. TI grants you permission to use these resources only for development of an
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  TI objects to and rejects any additional or different terms you may have proposed. IMPORTANT NOTICE
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  Copyright © 2023, Texas Instruments Incorporated"
  how can I cite the above in IEEE format? What is the type?
messages.role: assistant
messages.content: To cite the above document in IEEE format, you can use the following citation style, which is suitable for citing a technical report or a white paper:
  
  ```IEEE
  Texas Instruments. (2023). Low Power mmWave Radar Solution Enables New Functionality in Battery Powered Proximity Sensing Products. Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, USA. [Online]. Available: https://www.ti.com/lit/swra766.
  ```
  
  Here's a breakdown of the citation:
  
  - **Author**: Texas Instruments
  - **Year**: 2023
  - **Title**: Low Power mmWave Radar Solution Enables New Functionality in Battery Powered Proximity Sensing Products
  - **Publisher**: Texas Instruments
  - **Location**: Dallas, TX, USA
  - **Type**: [Online]
  - **Availability**: Available: <https://www.ti.com/lit/swra766>
  
  The type is "Technical Report" or "White Paper," as it is an application brief or a product information document provided by Texas Instruments.
messages.role: user
messages.content: what is Application Brief, SWRA766 ?
messages.role: assistant
messages.content: The document you provided, titled "Low Power mmWave Radar Solution Enables New Functionality in Battery Powered Proximity Sensing Products," is an Application Brief with the document ID SWRA766. An Application Brief is a type of technical document provided by Texas Instruments (TI) to inform and educate partners, customers, and developers about the capabilities, features, and use cases of TI's products or technologies.
  
  Application Briefs typically cover the following aspects:
  
  1. **Introduction to the technology**: In this case, the document provides an overview of mmWave radar sensing technology, its working principles, and its advantages over competing technologies.
  2. **Product introduction**: The document introduces the IWRL6432, a low-power 60 GHz mmWave radar sensor developed by TI, and its key features.
  3. **Use cases and applications**: The document discusses various use cases and applications of the IWRL6432, such as battery-powered proximity sensing products, indoor occupancy sensors, and personal electronics.
  4. **Technical details**: The document provides information on the design and architecture of the IWRL6432, including its power domains, power modes, and software control capabilities.
  5. **Conclusion**: The document summarizes the key points and provides information on how to learn more about the product.
  
  In summary, the Application Brief SWRA766 is a technical document provided by Texas Instruments to showcase the capabilities and use cases of their IWRL6432 low-power mmWave radar sensor.
messages.role: user
messages.content: should the cite include these?