Intraindividual variation in core microbiota in peri implantitis and periodontitis
The oral microbiota change dramatically with each part of the oral cavity, even within the same mouth. Nevertheless, the microbiota associated with peri implantitis and periodontitis have been considered the same. To improve our knowledge of the different communities of complex oral microbiota, we compared the microbial features between peri implantitis and periodontitis in 20 patients with both diseases. Although the clinical symptoms of peri implantitis were similar to those of periodontitis, the core microbiota of the diseases differed. Correlation analysis revealed the specific microbial co occurrence patterns and found some of the species were associated with the clinical parameters in a disease specific manner. The proportion of Prevotella nigrescens was significantly higher in peri implantitis than in periodontitis, while the proportions of Peptostreptococcaceae sp. and Desulfomicrobium orale were significantly higher in periodontitis than in peri implantitis. The severity of the peri implantitis was also species associated, including with an uncultured Treponema sp. that correlated to 4 clinical parameters. These results indicate that peri implantitis and periodontitis are both polymicrobial infections with different causative pathogens. Our study provides a framework for the ecologically different bacterial communities between peri implantitis and periodontitis, and it will be useful for further studies to understand the complex microbiota and pathogenic mechanisms of oral polymicrobial diseases.
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