Effects of positive evidence, indirect negative evidence and form function transparency on second language acquisition: Evidence from L2 Chinese and L2 Thai
Title: Effects of positive evidence, indirect negative evidence and form function transparency on second language acquisition: Evidence from L2 Chinese and L2 Thai Author: Woramon Prawatmuang This study investigates second language (L2) acquisition of word orders and markers of collectivity in Chinese and Thai. One of the differences between Chinese and Thai is that Chinese nominal phrases appear with a "numeral classifier noun" word order while Thai phrases appear as "noun numeral classifier" Another difference is that men, the Chinese collective marker, cannot be used with nouns referring to animals or indefinite nouns, while the Thai collective marker, can do so. Based on the cross linguistic differences, an empirical study was conducted to answer whether Thai learners of Chinese and Chinese learners of Thai would be able to acquire target language (TL) structures that are different from those in their native language (L1) and whether they could reject incorrect TL structures. One hundred and forty four participants were recruited to complete an acceptability judgment task and a self paced reading task. It is found that both Chinese and Thai learners could perform native like in their acceptance of TL word orders since early stages of acquisition. However, it took them until an advanced level to be able to completely reject incorrect TL word orders that resembled structures in their L1. Thai learners also faced difficulty rejecting the use of men with animal and indefinite nouns in their L2 Chinese. In contrast, Chinese learners tended to be successful in their acquisition of p The results are interpreted in terms of roles of positive evidence and form function transparency. In general, L2 learners tend to acquire a TL structure earlier when they can receive positive evidence in TL input and when a form function connection of the structure is transparent. Nonetheless, these factors do not have an absolute effect on acquisition outcome since some learners may be able to use a probabilistic learning strategy to successfully acquire L2 knowledge even when positive evidence is unavailable.