A sustainable wood biorefinery for low carbon footprint chemicals production
Every twig and splinter used Plant based production of commodity chemicals faces steep competition from fossil resources, which are often cheaper and easier to partition. Sustainable use of renewable resources requires strategies for converting complex and recalcitrant biomolecules into streams of chemicals with extraordinary efficiency. Liao et al. developed a biorefinery concept in which wood is eventually fully converted into useful chemicals: phenol, propylene, pulp amenable to ethanol production, and phenolic oligomers that can be incorporated into ink production (see the Perspective by Zhang) A life cycle assessment and techno economic analysis highlight the efficiency of the process and reveal the potential for such biorefinery strategies to contribute to sustainable chemicals markets. Science, this issue p. 1385; see also p. 1305 Biorefinery processing of wood provides sustainable platform chemicals. The profitability and sustainability of future biorefineries are dependent on efficient feedstock use. Therefore, it is essential to valorize lignin when using wood. We have developed an integrated biorefinery that converts 78 weight (wt of birch into xylochemicals. Reductive catalytic fractionation of the wood produces a carbohydrate pulp amenable to bioethanol production and a lignin oil. After extraction of the lignin oil, the crude, unseparated mixture of phenolic monomers is catalytically funneled into 20 wt of phenol and 9 wt of propylene (on the basis of lignin weight) by gas phase hydroprocessing and dealkylation; the residual phenolic oligomers (30 wt are used in printing ink as replacements for controversial para nonylphenol. A techno economic analysis predicts an economically competitive production process, and a life cycle assessment estimates a lower carbon dioxide footprint relative to that of fossil based production.
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