The Emergence of Biophilic Design
Biophilic design, based on humans' innate connection to nature, evolved into a social movement over many decades. It emerged fromErich Fromm's early use of the term biophilia to EdwardWilson's book onBiophilia, the subsequentBiophilia Hypothesis book by Wilson and Stephen Kellert, to the multi authored Biophilic Design publication in 2008. This progression involved meetings and discussions between people with a shared understanding of the human biological connection to nature and the need to bring nature back into urbanites daily lives. Their vision and passion led to the emergence of the social movement of biophilic design. The moral vision of bringing nature into city design reflects a shared understanding and collective goal beyond self interest. There was a communal sense of the associated issues with cities which lack nature, such as disconnection from nature, urban heat island effect and water and air pollution, kindling a desire to initiate change.