Bioinformatics analysis and collection of protein 1 post translational modification sites in human viruses 2 Analysis of viral protein post translational modification sites 3
15 In viruses, post translational modifications (PTMs) are essential for their life cycle. Recognizing 16 viral PTMs is very important for better understanding the mechanism of viral infections and finding 17 potential drug targets. However, few studies have investigated the roles of viral PTMs in virus human 18 interactions using comprehensive viral PTM datasets. To fill this gap, firstly, we developed a viral 19 post translational modification database (VPTMdb) for collecting systematic information of viral PTM 20 data. The VPTMdb contains 912 PTM sites that integrate 414 experimental confirmed PTM sites with 21 98 proteins in 45 human viruses manually extracted from 162 publications and 498 PTMs extracted 22 from UniProtKB/Swiss Prot. Secondly, we investigated the viral PTM sequence motifs, the function of 23 target human proteins, and characteristics of PTM protein domains. The results showed that (i) viral 24 PTMs have the consensus motifs with human proteins in phosphorylation, SUMOylation and 25 N glycosylation. (ii) The function of human proteins that targeted by viral PTM proteins are related to 26 protein targeting, translation, and localization. (iii) Viral PTMs are more likely to be enriched in 27 protein domains. The findings should make an important contribution to the field of virus human 28 interaction. Moreover, we created a novel sequence based classifier named VPTMpre to help users 29 predict viral protein phosphorylation sites. Finally, an online web server was implemented for users to 30 download viral protein PTM data and predict phosphorylation sites of interest. 31