yeongyuayi seumateupon molibgwa bumoyi yangyug seuteureseue gwanhan munheon gocal
This study reviewed literature to analyze the effects of parents' parenting stress on their smart phone dependency and the smart phone immersion of their infants or young children and also search for plans to reduce their parenting stress. Smart phone addiction is fast spreading in the form of smart phone immersion among infants and young children beyond adults. When infants and young children in their developmental stage are recklessly exposed to a smart phone, it can have negative impacts on their physical and emotional development. Although parents are aware of its potential negative impacts on their children, they continue to give one to their children in their infancy or early childhood at a public place for various reasons. The main findings were as follows:smart phone immersion had negative effects on the physical, cognitive, language, social, and emotional development of infants and young children. The earlier and the longer young children used a smartphone, in particular, the higher their depression, anxiety, and aggression level was. Some previous researches reported that when parents experienced parenting stress, it had something to do with their own smart phone addition and the smart phone immersion of their infants or young children. As infants and young children model their parents' frequent uses of a smart phone, they are more likely to immerse themselves in a smart phone by taking after their parents using one in front of them often. Parents thus need to make a conscious decision to distance themselves from a smart phone in order to reduce the smart phone immersion of their infants or young children rather than giving them a smart phone they can easily use. One of top priorities should be the reinforcement of education and promotion targeting parents with infants or young children. The specific content of parental education should cover the facts that a smart phone has the most negative influences on the depression, anxiety and aggression of young children and that the younger children are, the more negative influence a smart phone will have on them. If parents pay even a little attention, they can divert their children's attention to other sound play and familiar objects instead of a smart phone. It will be wiser to replace a smart phone with something positive again instead of preventing children from using one unconditionally. It is urgent to take interest in the issue at the social and institutional level and prepare a countermeasure. In South Korea, they have just begun to do research on the consequences of infants' and young children's exposure to a smart phone. It was only lately that the first measures were taken to tackle the issue in the nation. It is noteworthy that Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning is spreading its Right Practice Movement around the nation including the development and distribution of content and programs optimized to prevent the risk of overdependence in each age group and the activation of a prevention movement in the private sector. There are especially many cases in which parenting stress leads to smart phone addiction, which means that parents should know how to relieve their parenting stress properly. Parents should be able to stand right themselves at the psychological level. The other family members should offer active supports to the main caregiver. In addition, institutional devices should be introduced fast to provide them with counseling sessions with a professional and supports for their childcare.