An Ethnographic Look into Farmer Discussion Groups through the Lens of Social Learning Theory
Farmer discussion groups (FDGs) are a collaborative mechanism through which farmers can engage and learn from and with their peers. Participants cite numerous benefits from FDGs, e.g. economic, social, etc. but how learning happens in these contexts from an adult cognitive learning theory perspective is not well understood. Thus, Bandura's social learning theory was used to study seven FDGs in the South West of England. The objective was to determine whether social learning was occurring through the FDGs' interactions, examined according to three elements: (1) behaviour modelling, (2) role modelling and (3) self reflexivity. An ethnographic methodology was utilised to gather rich empirical data through participant observation of 42 meetings and 24 semi structured interviews. The results from 12 months attending FDG meetings demonstrated that behaviour modelling and role modelling were present in all FDGs. Self reflexivity, however, was not evidenced as being promoted by all groups' interactions, which (facilitated) critical discourse amongst the FDG participants was found to foster. Thus, evidence of social learning was not found to be occurring as a result of all the FDGs' interactions. Collaborative learning processes that aim to promote social learning should build participants' capacity and skills, structure engagement and train facilitators to foster critical discourse that may help promote self reflexivity from behaviour modelling and role modelling.