Effectiveness of the Single Dose Ad26.COV2.S COVID Vaccine
Background Randomized trials demonstrated efficacy of Ad26.COV2.S, a single dose COVID 19 vaccine. Data assessing effectiveness in clinical practice and its stability over time since vaccination and against Delta variants are needed. Methods Using U.S. insurance claims data through July 2021, we identified individuals newly vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S and up to 10 unvaccinated individuals matched exactly by age, sex, date, location, comorbidity index plus 17 COVID 19 risk factors via propensity score (PS) matching. We estimated Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for observed COVID 19 and COVID 19 related hospitalization, nationwide and stratified by age, immunocompromised status, calendar time, and states with high incidence of the Delta variant. We corrected VE estimates for under recording of vaccinations in insurance data. Results Among 390,517 vaccinated and 1,524,153 matched unvaccinated individuals, VE was 79% (95% CI, 77% to 80% for COVID 19 and 81% (79% to 84% for COVID 19 related hospitalizations. VE was stable over calendar time. Among states with high Delta variant incidence, VE during June/July 2021 was 78% (73% to 82% for infections and 85% (73% to 91% for hospitalizations. VE for COVID 19 was higher in individuals <50 years (83% 81% to 85% and lower in immunocompromised patients (64% 57% to 70% All estimates were corrected for under recording; uncorrected VE was 69% (67% to 71% and 73% (69% to 76% for COVID 19 and COVID 19 related hospitalization, respectively. Conclusions These non randomized data across U.S. clinical practices show high and stable vaccine effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S over time before the Delta variant emerged to when the Delta variant was dominant.
medRxiv