Valorization of waste LCD and recovery of critical raw material for circular economy: A review
Abstract Waste an E waste is a global environmental issue but potential resources for Indium through urban mining and recycling, which a critical raw material for the industry has been reviewed. In the e waste, the computer followed by spent television scarp is the second highest by volume generation invariably contains the LCD panel. Indium tin oxide (ITO) layer in the LCD panel is an important resource for indium which has 90 wt% In2O3 and 10 wt% SnO2 is a potential resource for indium has been focused in the discussion. Challenges and opportunities associated with LCD recycling and indium recovery have been critically reviewed. Indium a critical metal; scarce in primary sources but abundant in e waste, critical in supply chain but crucial to green energy, lacking in recycling rate but progressive EOL waste generation, poses a threat to ecosystem/habitat but potential to circularize the economy, primarily as a by product but potential urban mine, both a challenge and an opportunity, concurrently. Cost effective industrial process development is essential for a circular economy and urban mining notion, which can address the challenge associated with environment and energy and create the opportunity for circularizing the metal economy.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling