Contact Angle Measurements
Contact angle has been an important parameter to determine the wetting ability of the polymer membrane surface. Contact angle has gained interest in surface science in regards to its fundamental aspects and application point of view. This chapter will give an insight into fundamentals of contact angle including the theoretical backgrounds, brief history, and importance of contact angle. The various factors that affect the contact angle measurement will also be discussed. The chapter will also present contact angle hysteresis phenomena, comprising of advancing and receding contact angles along with the manifestations of contact angle hysteresis. The chapter will highlight the various methods and techniques available for the measurement of contact angle along with the comprehensive description of the methods. The chapter also covers the application contact angle on surface characterization, permeation, and antifouling nature of the membrane.