Attitude of Teachers under Training towards E Learning in Relation to Self Esteem
In this age of 21st century, the evolution of ICT has brought substantial changes in the educational area. Adoption of modern teaching techniques tailored well with technology based educational programs has helped the students to understand and learn the context in an easier manner. But only the inclusion of ICT in education is not enough. We need to include systems of testing and evaluation of knowledge acquired, so the need to integrate e learning as common learning environment of students is becoming very important.Li, Lau, and Dharmendran (2012) viewed "E learning as the delivery of a learning, training or educational program by electronic means" while Liao Lu (2008) defined "E lcarning as education delivered, or learning conducted, by Web techniques." Alonso et al. (2005) observed that "E leaming is the use of new multimedia technologies and the internet to improve the quality of learning by facilitating access to resources and services, as well as remote exchange and collaboration." Aldrich (2005) viewed "E leaming as a broad combination of processes, content, and infrastructure to use computers and network to scale and/or improve one or more significant parts of learning value chain, including management and delivery."Self esteem is a term used in psychology to reflect a person's overall evaluation or appraisal of his or her own worth. Self esteem encompasses beliefs (e.g. "I am competent incompetent" and emotions (e.g. triumph despair, pride shame) Behaviour may reflect self esteem (e.g. assertiveness shyness, and confidence caution).Synonyms or near synonyms of self esteem include: self worth, self regard, self respect, self love (which can express overtones of self promotion) and self integrity. Self esteem is distinct from selfconfidence and self efficacy, which involve beliefs about ability and future performance. Rosenberg 1965) defines self esteem as a positive or negative orientation toward oneself and an overall evaluation of one's worth and value. Self esteem is only one component of the self concept, which Rosenberg (1965) defines as the 'totality of the individual's thoughts and feelings with reference to himself as an object." Joubcrt (1990) defined self esteem as a personal judgment of general self worth that is a product of an implicit evaluation of self approval or self disapproval made by the individual.Bowman, Kaye and Peter Kearns (2007) concluded that Selfefficacy and self confidence were more critical factors associated with successful e learning than factors such as age, gender, previous computer experience, home computer ownership, job position, education levels, ethnicity or English language competency, though each of these factors may have to be actively addressed.Mordecai (2006) reported that the use of internet resources in Nigerian University enhanced the efficiency and effective service in academic pursuit. Multi media approach to teaching learning aimed towards making the learning as individualized and self dependent as possible. The multi media approach helped the individual learner to proceed on his learning path with his own pace according to his own needs, interests and abilities slowly and slowly making him to rely on his abilities and pursue his studies independently with or without the presence of his teacher. It gave boost to his self esteem and students of all levels considered themselves equal which motivated them and brought confidence in them. Gee (2003, 2007) concluded that rather than teacher authority, teacher domination, and knowledge transmission that characterize lecture based approach to teaching, the use of technology facilitated critical learning, distributed knowledge, inquisition, discovery, and creativity for learners. Smet et al. (2008) Brewer and Klein (2006) Van Aalst (2006) and Lim and Cheah (2003) in Ajayi (2009) suggested that the traditional instructional practices tend to be authoritative, linear and knowledge transmitted while asynchronous e learning instruction seems to promote active learning, inquisitiveness, self directed, self reflective, analytical learning and enhanced self esteemSchellens and Valcke, (2006) in Ajayi, (2009) also pointed out that there was a very big difference in social relations and participatory structures between traditional instruction and asynchronous eLeaming.