Improved butterfly optimization algorithm for CCHP driven by PEMFC
Abstract This study presents an optimal design of a combined cooling, heating and power generation system consists of a heat recovery system, a 5 kW proton exchange membrane stack, a small absorption chiller, a humidifier, and a gas compressor based on multi criteria assessment for apartment simultaneously. The system is analyzed in terms of economics, environment, and thermodynamics. An improved version of butterfly optimization algorithm is employed for optimizing the system performance. The system efficiency is analyzed based on annual cost, exergy and energy efficiencies, and pollutant emission reduction. Final results illustrated that high relative humidity, pressure of inlet gases, and low operating temperature develop GHG emission reduction and system exergy performance. The optimized values of annual GHG reduction and exergy efficiency are 2.67e7 g and 47.1% respectively, meanwhile, annual cost can be decreased to 3.139e3