Guideline for the management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (stages Ta, T1, and Tis) 2007 update.
M ore than 60,000 new cases of bladder cancer are diagnosed each year in the US accounting for approximately 13,000 deaths annually. When initially diagnosed, most bladder cancers are nonmuscle invasive (also referred to as "superficial" i.e. either noninvasive and confined to the mucosa or invading the lamina propria but not yet invading the detrusor muscle. In 1999, the AUA published a report on the Management of Non MuscleInvasive Bladder Cancer (Stages Ta, T1, and Tis) (AUA Guideline) produced by the AUA's Bladder Cancer Clinical Guideline Panel. The report provided an evidence based guideline for the patient with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer and included management standards, guidelines, and options based on the strength of evidence and expected amount of variation in patient preferences. Since 1999 the field of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer has changed substantially with regard to the understanding of the molecular biology and clinical behavior of this heterogeneous disease. In addition, the growing body and quality of clinical research methodologies have improved during this period. The more recent publication of randomized controlled trials, the gold standard of treatment evaluation, has allowed the evaluation and comparison of various treatment modalities and has further verified the heterogeneous nature of this disease process. For these reasons, the AUA's PGC elected to update the initial report by appointing a panel to develop a new guideline for the management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer founded on evidence based outcomes in the literature as well as expert opinion. Only topics with sufficient evidence on which to base conclusions have been addressed in this guideline. Index patients defined by the Panel will assist in
The Journal of urology