Artificial RNA editing with ADAR for gene therapy.
Editing mutated genes is a potential way for the treatment of the genetic diseases. G to A mutations are common in mammals, and can be treated by adenosine to inosine (A to I) editing, a type of substitutional RNA editing. Molecular mechanism of A to I editing involves the hydrolytic deamination of an adenosine to an inosine base; this reaction is mediated by RNA specific deaminases, adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) family protein. Here, we review recent findings regarding the application of ADARs to restoring the genetic code along with different approaches involved in the process of artificial RNA editing by ADAR. We have also addressed comparative studies of the various isoforms of ADARs. Therefore, we will try to provide a detailed overview of the artificial RNA editing and the role of ADAR with a focus on the enzymatic site directed A to I editing.
Current gene therapy