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DataDecide-eval-results
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---
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: params
    dtype: string
  - name: data
    dtype: string
  - name: task
    dtype: string
  - name: step
    dtype: int64
  - name: seed
    dtype: string
  - name: chinchilla
    dtype: string
  - name: tokens
    dtype: int64
  - name: compute
    dtype: float64
  - name: metrics
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 1848365910
    num_examples: 1410750
  download_size: 693325464
  dataset_size: 1848365910
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/train-*
license: odc-by
---


![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/62bddd0b1e22ec8427a0f27e/MwddQs_8OaU4128VYrwoU.png)

More than one training run goes into making a large language model, but developers rarely release the small models and datasets they experiment with during the development process. How do they decide what dataset to use for pretraining or which benchmarks to hill climb on? To empower open exploration of these questions, we release [DataDecide](allenai.org/papers/datadecide)—a suite of models we pretrain on 25 corpora with differing sources, deduplication, and filtering up to 100B tokens, over 14 different model sizes ranging from 4M parameters up to 1B parameters (more than 30k model checkpoints in total).


## Evaluation

We evaluate all checkpoints over OLMES suite of 10 multiple choice question answering benchmarks 
([Gu et al., 2024](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.08446)):

- [MMLU (Hendrycks et al., 2021)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300)
- [HellaSwag (Zellers et al., 2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07830)
- [ARC-Challenge (Clark et al., 2018)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.05457)
- [ARC-Easy (Clark et al., 2018)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.05457)
- [PIQA (Bisk et al., 2020)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11641)
- [CommonsenseQA (Talmor et al., 2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.00937)
- [Social IQa (Sap et al., 2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09728)
- [OpenBookQA (Mihaylov et al., 2018)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.02789)
- [BoolQ (Clark et al., 2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.10044)
- [Winogrande (Sakaguchi et al., 2020)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.10641)

We also release evaluations for instance-level results: [https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/DataDecide-eval-instances](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/DataDecide-eval-instances)


## 350 Models over Differences in Data in Scale
These evaluations are done over all DataDecide models. For each of our 25 datasets and 14 model sizes, we train a model linked below. Each has intermediate checkpoints (uploading after initial release), runs over 3 random seeds. All models finish training at a token to parameter ratio of 100 (e.g., 1B parameters -> 100B tokens).
|     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|------|------|------|------|-----|
| Dolma1.7 | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-1B) |
| Dolma1.7 (no code) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-code-1B) |
| Dolma1.7 (no math, code) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-math-code-1B) |
| Dolma1.7 (no Reddit) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-reddit-1B) |
| Dolma1.7 (no Flan) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_7-no-flan-1B) |
| Dolma1.6++ | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dolma1_6plus-1B) |
| C4 | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-c4-1B) |
| FineWeb-Pro | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-pro-1B) |
| FineWeb-Edu | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-fineweb-edu-1B) |
| Falcon | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-1B) |
| Falcon+CC | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-1B) |
| Falcon+CC (QC 10%) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-10p-1B) |
| Falcon+CC (QC 20%) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-20p-1B) |
| Falcon+CC (QC Orig 10%) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-orig-10p-1B) |
| Falcon+CC (QC Tulu 10%) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-falcon-and-cc-qc-tulu-10p-1B) |
| DCLM-Baseline | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-1B) |
| DCLM-Baseline (QC 7%, FW2) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw2-1B) |
| DCLM-Baseline (QC 7%, FW3) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-7p-fw3-1B) |
| DCLM-Baseline (QC FW 3%) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-3p-1B) |
| DCLM-Baseline (QC FW 10%) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-fw-10p-1B) |
| DCLM-Baseline (QC 10%) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-10p-1B) |
| DCLM-Baseline (QC 20%) | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-qc-20p-1B) |
| DCLM-Baseline 25% / Dolma 75% | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-25p-dolma1.7-75p-1B) |
| DCLM-Baseline 50% / Dolma 50% | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-50p-dolma1.7-50p-1B) |
| DCLM-Baseline 75% / Dolma 25% | [4M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-4M) | [6M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-6M) | [8M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-8M) | [10M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-10M) | [14M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-14M) | [16M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-16M) | [20M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-20M) | [60M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-60M) | [90M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-90M) | [150M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-150M) | [300M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-300M) | [530M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-530M) | [750M](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-750M) | [1B](https://huggingface.co/allenai/DataDecide-dclm-baseline-75p-dolma1.7-25p-1B) |

## Data

| Source / Recipe                         | Description |
|----------------------------------------|-------------|
| **Dolma1.7** *Original, No code, No math/code, No Reddit, No Flan* | A 2.3T-token corpus (Dolma; 1.7 [Soldaini et al., 2024](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.00159)) sampling common LM sources for open research. We ablate code, math/code, Reddit, or Flan subsets. |
| **Dolma1.6++** *Original*                | Dolma 1.6 plus additional sources from Dolma 1.7: RedPajama’s arxiv subset, openwebmath, algebraic stack, flan, starcoder, falcon. |
| **C4** *Original*                        | The C4 dataset ([Raffel et al., 2019](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10683)) as prepared in Dolma 1.7, heuristically filtered from the April 2019 Common Crawl. |
| **FineWeb-Pro** *Original*              | The FineWeb Pro corpus ([Zhou et al., 2024](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17115)), featuring model-driven data cleaning on FineWeb. |
| **FineWeb-Edu** *Original*              | The deduplicated FineWeb-Edu subset of SmoLLM-Corpus ([Ben Allal et al., 2024](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceTB/smollm-corpus)), focused on educational web pages. |
| **Falcon** *Original*                   | The Falcon RefinedWeb corpus ([Penedo et al., 2023](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:259063761)) in Dolma 1.7, derived from Common Crawl through June 2023 and more aggressively filtered/deduplicated than C4. |
| **Falcon+CC** *Original, QC 10%, QC 20%, QC Orig 10%, QC Tulu 10%* | Falcon and Dolma 1.7’s Common Crawl. We quality filter to top 10% or 20% documents with reproduced or original [Li et al. (2024)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.11794) filter or retrain filter on pre-release version of Tulu-v3 ([Lambert et al., 2024](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.15124)). |
| **DCLM-Baseline** *Original, QC 7% FW2, QC 7% FW3, QC FW 10%, QC 10%, QC 20%* | A SOTA Common Crawl corpus using best ablated deduplication, cleaning heuristics, and quality filter. We quality filter to top 7% of DCLM classified documents and further take 2+ or 3+ scores with FineWeb-edu classifier; or filter to top 3% or 10% with FineWeb-edu classifier; or take top 10% or 20% with reproduced DCLM classifier. |
| *λ%* **DCLM-Baseline** *+ 1 – λ%* **Dolma1.7** | Fractional combinations of Dolma1.7 and DCLM-Baseline mixing different proportions of the two datasets for λ ∈ {25%, 50%, 75%}. |

### Dataset Description


- **Developed by:** Allen Institute for AI (Ai2)
- **Language(s) (NLP):** English
- **License:** This dataset is licensed under ODC-BY and intended for research and educational use in accordance with [Ai2's Responsible Use Guidelines](https://allenai.org/responsible-use)
- **Contact:** Technical inquiries: `[email protected]`. Press: `[email protected]`

### Links

- **Repository:** [https://github.com/allenai/DataDecide](https://github.com/allenai/DataDecide)
- **Paper:** [https:/allenai.org/papers/datadecide](https:/allenai.org/papers/datadecide)

## Citation

**BibTeX:**

```
@article{MagnussonDataDecide2025,
      title={{DataDecide: How to Predict Best Pretraining Data with Small Experiments}},
      author={Ian Magnusson and Nguyen Tai and Ben Bogin and David Heineman and Jena Hwang and Luca Soldaini and Akshita Bhagia and Jiacheng Liu and Dirk Groeneveld and Oyvind Tafjord and Noah A. Smith and Pang Wei Koh and Jesse Dodge},
      year={2025},
      journal={arXiv preprint},
}
```