Muhammad Bey therefore agreed to what became known as the Fundamental Pact (Arabic: عهد الأمان‎) ('Ahd al-Aman or Pledge of Security) drawn up by Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf, on 10 September 1857.[19] The Pact guaranteed people security in their lives and property, equality of taxation (thus implicitly abolishing the discriminatory jizya tax imposed on non-Muslims), religious freedom and equality before the law. It also permitted foreigners to own land, participate in all types of businesses and set up separate commercial courts.[20]