He studied at the Higher Theological Seminary of the Archdiocese of Kraków (1985-1991)[6] and the Pontifical Academy of Theology in Kraków (PAT; since 2009 the John Paul II Pontifical University – UPJPII),[7] the second cycle of studies at the Faculty of Theology (1992).[8] Further studies[9] at: the Institute of Oriental Philology, Jagiellonian University (1995-1996), Institut für Sprachen und Kulturen des Vorderen Orients, Ruprecht Karls Universität Heidelberg, Germany (1996-1997),[10] Pontificio Istituto di Studi Arabi e d’Islamistica – Arabic Study Centre Cairo, Egypt (1997-1998); Franciscan Center of Christian Oriental Studies, Cairo, Egypt (1997-1998).[11] Ph.D. (Religiology) in 1999 from the Faculty of Theology of the Pontifical Academy of Theology.[12] Habilitation (postdoctoral dissertation) in the Humanities, History of the Orient, 2001, Faculty of History and Cultural Heritage (PAT).[13] Research long-term stay in Syria (2002-2003),[14] professorship in 2004/2005 (Full Professor) – Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University.[15] Various research stays, including Syria (a dozen times in 2004-2011), Rome, French Polynesia, London, New Zealand. Studies of the Muslim minority in Xīnjiāng (China), Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat (southern Thailand) and Turkey.