The October 22, 2014 release of the Wainstein Report[175] alleged institutionalized academic fraud that involved over 3,100 students and student athletes, over an 18-year period from 1993 to 2011 that began during the final years of the Dean Smith era, challenged "The Carolina Way" image.[176] The report alleged that at least 54 players during the Dean Smith era were enrolled in what came to be known as "paper classes."