The PWA spent over $6 billion but did not succeed in returning the level of industrial activity to pre-depression levels.[14][15] Though successful in many aspects, it has been acknowledged that the PWA's objective of constructing a substantial number of quality, affordable housing units was a major failure.[14][15] Some have argued that because Roosevelt was opposed to deficit spending, there was not enough money spent to help the PWA achieve its housing goals.[14][15]