Human Rights Watch observed that there were a dozen Ukrainian security force members at the intersection, but were vastly outnumbered by hundreds of civilians among them, yet the Russian forces fired explosive projectiles precisely at the intersection, repeatedly every 10 minutes.[1] HRW concluded that "Russian forces violated their obligations under international humanitarian law not to conduct indiscriminate or disproportionate attacks that harm civilians, and failed to take all feasible measures to avoid civilian casualties."[1]