N. Frank Ukadike has noted that African women are often "at best, sexual objects enveloped in a culture of chauvinism; and, in the words of Ousmane Sembene, they are "still refused the right of speech.""[1]:107 Some films, such as Ceddo and Sarraounia have been credited as dispelling assumptions that African women are "simply sexual objects or exotic clichés", which Ukadike has credited in part to colonialist and traditionalist assumptions.[4]:108