In the late 1960s, 97% of all American households owned a television set, and preschool children watched an average of 27 hours of television per week;[4] programs created for them were widely criticized for being too violent and for reflecting commercial values.[5][6] Producer Joan Ganz Cooney called children's programming a "wasteland", and she was not alone in her criticism.[7][note 1] Many children's television programs were produced by local stations, with little regard for educational goals, or cultural diversity[9][note 2] and the use of children's programming as an educational tool was "unproven" and "a revolutionary concept".[5]