The continuing threat of violence combined with the destruction of Jewish property and arson attacks that destroyed Jewish homes forced 12,000 Jews to flee Jaffa as refugees. 9,500 were housed by the Tel Aviv municipality, imposing a heavy financial burden on the city. Seventy-five temporary shelters were created in schools, synagogues, government and industrial buildings.[4] During May and June the Haganah was able to stabilize the security situation to the point where about 4,000 of the refugees were able to return to their homes.[4] Others found housing privately, so that by July only 4,800 remained in public refugee camps; 3,200 of these were utterly destitute.[4] By November, Jewish charities had placed even the destitute refugees in housing, and the refugee camps were closed.[4]