During Operation Barbarossa, the Einsatzgruppen engaged in the mass execution of over 140,000 Soviet POWs,[168] many of whom were killed because they had "Asiatic features".[169][170] Civilian Muslim men were often mistaken for Jews and killed due to the fact that they had previously been circumsized.[171] In 1942 in Amersfoort in the Netherlands, 101 Soviet Uzbek Muslim soldiers were massacred by Nazi Germans after they were forced into a concentration camp and displayed to the local Dutch people as proof the Soviets were made out of "untermenschen".[172] Various Muslim ethnic groups were targeted for extermination, such as the Turkmens.[173]