In 1864, war broke out between Russia and the Kokand Khanate. The Kokandi forces were quickly defeated by the Russian army, causing the amir of Bukhara—who feared a Russian victory over Kokand would allow the empire to establish a foothold in the region—to join the war against Russia. Despite facing logistical issues, the Russian army inflicted a series of defeats on the combined Kokandi-Bukharan forces, and by 1867 both Kokand and Bukhara were forced to cede territory to the Russian Empire; these ceded territories were then incorporated into the Russian province of Turkestan, which was put under the governance of General Konstantin von Kaufmann.[3][4]