The meaning of the term "Lolita" in Japanese is divergent from Nakobov's novel, and instead stems from the positive idealization and romanticization of girls' culture (shōjo bunka) developed from the Meiji period to the 20th century: an "innocent and ethereal creature, who deserves adoration from others while staying entirely passive".[3] Girls' culture in Japan, reflected in cultural traditions such as the all-female Takarazuka Revue and shōjo manga (girls' comics), was influenced by the traditions of Romanticism. Nabokov's Lolita, first translated to Japanese in 1956, was interpreted by readers primarily as a story of Humbert entering the peaceful and unearthly world of the shōjo, rather than through the lens of perverse desire and abuse.[3]