Bischoff was born on March 1, 1908 in the town of Glogau in the Province of Silesia, then a part of the German Empire (now: Głogów, Poland). He was the son of a prosperous metzgermeister (master butcher) and attended the local gymnasium in Glogau. From 1923-1925 Bischoff was a member of Bund Wiking, a paramilitary group associated with the right-wing Organisation Consul movement.