Films by Sembene, Safi Faye, Sarah Maldoror and others used linear narratives in order to clearly convey the systematic exploitation of certain groups of women. Employing film to further emancipation, these films took part of a more general effort by film-makers of this period to assert independence and reclaim national identities from colonial rule. This close association with the struggle for independence meant a certain marginalization of the cause of women and the challenges specific to their struggle.[citation needed]