The conspiracy theory has been expressed in Europe, North America, South Africa, Russia, and Australia. It has also been commonly used both interchangeably with,[22] and as a broader and more extreme version of, Renaud Camus's 2012 The Great Replacement, which focuses on the white Christian population of France.[23][24] Since the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings, of which the shooter's manifesto decried a "white replacement" and has named The Great Replacement; author Bat Ye'or's 2002 Eurabia concept,[25] Camus's 2012 Great Replacement fallacy (often called replacement theory or population replacement),[26] and Gerd Honsik's resurgent 1970s myth of a Kalergi plan,[27] have all been used synonymously with "white genocide" and are increasingly referred to as variations of the conspiracy theory.