Less frequently, patents have been used to protect video game software elements.[1][48][49][50] Notably, Sega had filed a 1998 United States patent for the gameplay concepts in Crazy Taxi.[51] The company subsequently sued Fox Interactive for patent infringement over their title The Simpsons: Road Rage, citing that the latter game was developed to "deliberately copy and imitate" the Crazy Taxi game.[52] The case was ultimately settled out of court.[53] Other known examples of gameplay patents include those for minigames on loading screens filed by Namco, the dialog choice wheel used in Mass Effect games by Bioware, the katamari of the Katamari Damacy games from Bandai Namco, and the Nemesis system from Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment.[54]