In general, the Luftwaffe (airforce) was heavily Nazi-influenced, as were the navy and army to a lesser degree, though that was only relative.[citation needed] Caitlin Talmadge explains that Prussian martial tradition gave Hitler an advantage when it came to his officer corps. While most dictatorships had to make a tradeoff between competence and loyalty when selecting their officers (due to the risk of facing a coup), Hitler found he had an ample supply of men who possessed both attributes, significantly reducing the coup risk Hitler faced from building an effective army. However, as the successor to a conventionally oriented imperial army of the German Empire, the Wehrmacht tended to fight more effectively than the Waffen-SS, as within the SS, adherence to Nazism mattered more for advancement.