The South Korean-based Hyundai Economic Research Institute estimated that if the sanctions are enforced by all UN member states, North Korea could lose between US$1.5–3.7 billion,[23] whereas other estimates suggest US$4 billion.[24] However, a Congressional Research Service report for the United States Congress notes that this is only possible if the sanctions are applied forcefully.[25] The United States is targeting access by North Korea to foreign banks used by its trading companies.[26] On 16 July 2009, a UN sanctions committee designated for sanctions three North Korean trading companies, an Iran-based company and North Korea's General Bureau of Atomic Energy.[27]