The 2018 amendment added article 55a which attempts to defend the "good name" of Poland and its people against any accusation of complicity in the Holocaust.[1] Article 2a was also added, addressed crimes against "Polish citizens" by "Ukrainian nationalists", is seen as an act of exclusion against ethic minorities.[2] Following an international outcry, article 55a was amended to a civil offense that can be tried in civil courts.[3] Article 2a was appealed by Polish President Andrzej Duda and found to be unconstitutional by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, which decreed it null and void.[4] Whereas Holocaust legislation in other countries enacts a duty to remember by means of criminalizing Holocaust denial, the Polish bill enacts a duty to forget by instituting "collective amnesia" on the complicity of part of the Polish population in the Holocaust.[4]