Three Emperors—Gratian, Valentinian II and Theodosius I—came under the influence of the Bishop of Milan, Ambrose. At his suggestion, state anti-paganism policies were reinstituted.[1][2] As a penitent under the care of Ambrose, Theodosius was influenced to issue the "Theodocian Decrees" of 391.[12][3] Gratian also removed the Altar of Victory for the second time. The Vestal Virgins were disbanded, and access to Pagan temples was prohibited.