The identity of being a gamer is partly self-determination and partly performativity of characteristics society expects a gamer to embody.[36] These expectations include not only a high level of dedication to playing games, but also preferences for certain types of games, as well as an interest in game-related paraphernalia like clothing and comic books.[36] According to Graeme Kirkpatrick, the "true gamer" is concerned first and foremost with gameplay.[37] Escapist founder Alexander Macris says a gamer is an enthusiast with greater dedication to games than just playing them, similar in connotation to "cinemaphile".[38] People who play may not identify as gamers because they feel they don't play "enough" to qualify.[36] Social stigma against games has influenced some women and minorities to distance themselves from the term "gamer", even though they may play regularly.[36][39]