The auditory-oral and auditory-verbal methods, sometimes referred to collectively as listening and spoken language, are forms of oral education.[40] These methods are based on the belief that a deaf child can learn to listen and speak and that families do not need to learn sign language or cued speech.[41][42] These methods are presented as communication options, and they rely on a large amount of parental involvement.[41][42] Children who use this option may be placed in a continuum of educational placements including oral schools, such as Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech, self-contained classrooms for deaf students in public schools, or mainstream classrooms with hearing students.[41][42][43] Though some deaf children can learn to use hearing devices to speak and understand language, that is not the case for all deaf children.[44] Therefore auditory-oral only education puts children at risk of language deprivation: a condition that arises when children have limited access to both spoken and sign language. Unlike children who receive auditory-oral-only education, deaf children who use both signed and spoken language speak as well as their hearing counterparts.[45][46]