Milk substitutes include soy-based formulas, hypoallergenic formulas based on partially or extensively hydrolyzed protein, and free amino acid-based formulas. Nondairy-derived, amino acid-based formulas (elemental formulas) such as Neocatem, EleCare, and Puramine, are considered the gold standard in the treatment of cows'-milk allergy when the mother is unable to breastfeed. Milk substitutes from soy, nuts, and the like should not be considered as they are not nutritionally equivalent.[1]