American exceptionalism in the United States[4] has long led to criticism of European domestic policy (such as the size of the welfare state in European countries)[5] and foreign policy (such as European countries that did not support the US led 2003 invasion of Iraq).[6] The ideological split between reverence for European refinery and classics and an emerging anti-French and anti-European sentiment played already a role between John Adams, Alexander Hamilton and their fellow Federalists, and Thomas Jefferson and other Democratic-Republicans urging closer ties.[citation needed]