It took the Incas approximately two decades to bridge the technological gap with the Spanish. As early as 1537, when king Manco Inca defeated them at Pilcosuni, they came into possession of modern Spanish weapons, including arquebuses, artillery and crossbows.[6] In 1538 Manco Inca was recorded to be skilled enough to ride a horse into battle.[7] In the early 1540s several Spanish refugees would teach Incan warriors how to use Spanish weapons.[8] By the 1560s it was recorded that many Incans had developed considerable skill in utilizing arquebuses and riding horses.[6]