Although homosexuality was not considered a major offense during the early Roman Empire, homosexual encounters and homosexual behavior came to be viewed as unacceptable as Christianity developed. The Old Testament (Leviticus 18:22, 20:13, Deuteronomy 22:5) condemned females who wore male attire, males who wore female attires, and males that engaged in homosexual intercourse.[2] In the 11th century, the Doctor of the Church, St. Peter Damian, wrote the Liber Gomorrhianus, an extended attack on both homosexuality and masturbation.[3] He portrayed homosexuality as a counter-rational force undermining morality, religion, and society itself,[4] and in need of strong suppression lest it spread even and especially among clergy.[5]