The last mention of an Old Kingdom of Egypt Pharaoh, Neuserre of the Fifth Dynasty, was in 2400 BC Buhen and the desert west of Toshka, and no Egyptian presence occurs by the subsequent Sixth Dynasty.[9]:77 By 2300 BC, the Early C-Group culture was appearing in Lower Nubia, most likely arriving from Dongola Reach (near Kerma). Thus, by the second millennium BC, Kerma was the center of a large kingdom, probably the first in Sub-Saharan Africa and rivalling Egypt.[9]