Casualties in Italy among the Italian Resistance Movement include 35,828 partisans killed in action or executed, and 21,168 partisans mutilated or left disabled by their wounds.[7] Another 32,000 Italian partisans were killed abroad (in the Balkans and, to a lesser extent, in France).[8] According to other estimates, the Italian resistance lost some 50,000 fighters throughout the conflict.[9] Thousands to tens of thousands of Italian civilians were killed in reprisals by the German and Italian Fascist forces.[10]