James Burnett, Lord Monboddo 1714–1799 Scottish Philosopher, jurist, pre-evolutionary thinker and contributor to linguistic evolution. See Scottish Enlightenment Josef Vratislav Monse 1733–1793 Czech Professor of Law at University of Olomouc, leading figure of Enlightenment in the Habsburg Monarchy Montesquieu 1689–1755 French Political thinker. Famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, taken for granted in modern discussions of government and implemented in many constitutions all over the world.