NCA’s suffered issues with consistency and dispersity due to common side reactions.[1][2][3][15] Thus, methods were needed that produced consistent products of a controllable length. Before 1985, metal salts and other covalent compounds were investigated as potential initiators.[3] However, these showed limited upside and so research then turned to other methods. Finally, in 1998, T.J Deming discovered organometallic initiators as a method to produce low dispersity products.[8][12][15] By using a complex of nickel and cyclooctadiene, Deming was able to produce a product that showed a dispersity of about 1.15, which is very good for most reactions.[15] The organometal complex works by incorporating nickel into the NCA ring and creating a temporary 6 membered ring instead of 5.