The application of this rule in the United Kingdom is not entirely clear. The literal meaning rule – that if 'Parliament's meaning is clear, that meaning is binding no matter how absurd the result may seem'[42] – has a tension with the 'golden rule', permitting courts to avoid absurd results in cases of ambiguity. At times, courts are not "concerned with what parliament intended, but simply with what it has said in the statute".[43] Different judges have different views.