Some primary sources such as Abd al-Jalil Qazvini Razi claimed that he was an Isma'ili and mentioned an story about his pact with Hassan-i Sabbah, which explain his enmity toward Nizam al-Mulk. Beside that, Nizam al-Mulk warned Sultan about "those who hide their true goals and intend to depose the vizier and the Abbasid Caliph" in his work, Siyasatnama.