The effect is a result of an electric field produced by charge localization in a molecule.[1] This field, which is substituent and conformation dependent, can influence structure and reactivity by manipulating the location of electron density in bonds and/or the overall molecule.[2] The polarization of a molecule through its bonds is a separate phenomenon known as induction.[3] Field effects are relatively weak, and diminish rapidly with distance, but have still been found to alter molecular properties such as acidity.[1]