Katip Sumat, a Cambodian Cham khaṭīb that had been studied Islam in Kelantan, Malay Peninsula, was outraged hearing the news that Champa was annexed by the Hue court in 1832 and Vietnamese oppressive rules over the old Panduranga. Cham sources did not assert a specific biography for Sumat whether was he actually a cleric or a religious student. He left Kelantan and returned to Cambodia in early 1833, which at the time was in a state of anarchy and being occupied by Vietnam.