In 1961, she was accepted into the competition of agrégation of philosophy. She later got her PhD by presenting in 1977, in Paris, a thesis titled Philosophie systématique et système de philosophie politique chez Spinoza [Systematic Philosophy and System of Political Philosophy by Spinoza], developed under the direction of Paul Ricœur (the thesis was published in Tunis in 1980).[1][2][3] During her studies in Paris, she became vice-president of the UGET and a member of the local group of Néo Destour.[4][5][6]