The primary treatment involves mechanical ventilation together with treatments directed at the underlying cause.[1] Ventilation strategies include using low volumes and low pressures.[1] If oxygenation remains insufficient, lung recruitment maneuvers and neuromuscular blockers may be used.[1] If these are insufficient, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be an option.[1] The syndrome is associated with a death rate between 35 and 50%.[1]