The chemical works of Jabir ibn Hayyan, the mathematical works of al-Khwarizmi, the medical works of al-Razi and Ibn Sina, and the geographical works of al-Idrisi and al-Maqdisi fall under the heading of the Islamic heritage. In terms of language, the works of Ferdowsi, Omar Khayyam and Jalal al-Din al-Rumi are considered an Islamic heritage, even if they were written in Persian. In terms of location, the works of scholars in Andalusia, Persia, Africa and the republics of the former Soviet Union represent brilliant blocks in the edifice of Islamic heritage.