Historically, a person had little control regarding how their body was treated after death as religion had jurisdiction over the disposal of the body.[51] However, with the rise of secularism, courts began to exercise jurisdiction over the body and use discretion in carrying out of the wishes of the deceased person.[51] Most countries legally treat preserved individuals as deceased persons because of laws that forbid vitrifying someone who is medically alive.[50] Cryonics providers tend to be treated as medical research institutes. In France, cryonics is not considered a legal mode of body disposal;[52] only burial, cremation, and formal donation to science are allowed. However, bodies may legally be shipped to other countries for cryonic freezing.[53] As of 2015, the Canadian province of British Columbia prohibits the sale of arrangements for body preservation based on cryonics.[54] In Russia, cryonics falls outside both the medical industry and the funeral services industry, making it easier in Russia than in the U.S. to get hospitals and morgues to release cryonics candidates.[25] In London in 2016, the English High Court ruled in favor of a mother's right to seek cryopreservation of her terminally ill 14-year-old daughter contrary to the father's wishes.