The unidentified killer Jack the Ripper, who has been called the first modern serial killer,[26] killed at least five women, and possibly more, in London in 1888. He was the subject of a massive manhunt and investigation by the Metropolitan Police, during which many modern criminal investigation techniques were pioneered. A large team of policemen conducted house-to-house inquiries, forensic material was collected and suspects were identified and traced.[27] Police surgeon Thomas Bond assembled one of the earliest character profiles of the offender.[28]