The 2000s were defined by further improvements in Malian education, especially in terms of flexibility.[1] In addition to continuing to popularize bilingual education, the government allowed schools to complement core classes with community based classes.[4] After a 2002 study by Oxfam and the Institute for Popular Education revealed that educational resources are often difficult to access and convey gender biases, Oxfam developed a program to reduce educational gender discrimination and provide aid to low income families.[4] Researchers also advocated for more funding for adult education after discovering some of the inefficiencies in literacy programs for non traditional students.[2] Additionally, in 2009, the government implemented a nutritional program for underserved communities across Mali.[3]