It is caused by genetic disorders, infections, radiation, medications or alcohol abuse during pregnancy. Defects in the growth of the cerebral cortex lead to many of the features associated with microcephaly.[3] There is currently no way to treat this abnormality in a way that will return the head or brains to its normal size. However, there are treatment programs that are symptomatic and supportive such as physical and speech therapy and medication for seizures and hyperactivity.[4] Microcephaly has a wide range of prognoses: some patients experience little to very mental retardation and can reach regular age-appropriate milestones.