In her 2007 book The Shock Doctrine, she argues that neoliberal free market policies (as advocated by the economist Milton Friedman) have risen to prominence in some developed countries because of a deliberate strategy of "shock therapy". Johan Norberg of the Cato Institute criticized the book, saying that the concept of shock therapy is falsely attributed to Friedman. According to Norberg, Friedman's quote ("Only a crisis—actual or perceived—produces real change") is taken out of context and misinterpreted.[1]