After stable remission is induced, the standard of care is to undergo 2 years of maintenance chemotherapy with methotrexate, mercaptopurine and ATRA.[12] A significant portion of patients will relapse without consolidation therapy.[9] In the 2000 European APL study, the 2-year relapse rate for those that did not receive consolidation chemotherapy (ATRA not included) therapy was 27% compared to 11% in those that did receive consolidation therapy (p<0.01).[13] Likewise in the 2000 US APL study, the survival rates in those receiving ATRA maintenance was 61% compared to just 36% without ATRA maintenance.[14]