1985 David Deutsch, at the University of Oxford, described the first universal quantum computer. Just as a Universal Turing machine can simulate any other Turing machine efficiently, so the universal quantum computer is able to simulate any other quantum computer with at most a polynomial slowdown. 1989 Bikas K. Chakrabarti & collaborators from Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, proposed the idea that quantum fluctuations could help explore rough energy landscapes by escaping from local minima of glassy stems having tall but thin barriers by tunnelling (instead of climbing over using thermal excitations), suggesting effectiveness of quantum annealing over classical simulated annealing.