The Newton Rebellion was one of the last times that the non-mining commoners of England and the gentry were in open, armed conflict.[1] Things had come to a head in early June. James I issued a Proclamation and ordered his Deputy Lieutenants in Northamptonshire to put down the riots.[citation needed] It is recorded that women and children were part of the protest. Over a thousand had gathered at Newton, near Kettering, pulling down hedges and filling ditches, to protest against the enclosures of Thomas Tresham.[19]