Nobre uses multiple and complementary non-invasive brain-imaging methods (MEG, EEG, ERP, fMRI, TMS), combined with behavioural studies, in order to explore and understand the neural systems that support cognitive functions in the human brain. In particular, much of her work investigates 'attentional orienting': how the brain generates moment-to-moment predictions about events to unfold in order to optimise perception and action. Other topics in her research include the representation of time, how words and objects acquire meaning, and the influence of motivation over perception.