Pied tamarins are also found in the adjacent rio Preto da Eva and rio Urubu interfluvium, but are comparatively rare.[4] There appears to be interspecific competition between the pied tamarin and the red-handed tamarin[4] with the red-handed tamarin gradually displacing the pied tamarin from areas of its historical distribution.[5] There are therefore multiple threats to the long-term survival off the pied tamarin that stem from habitat destruction and from interspecific competition.