The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act was crafted as a response to the perceived failings of AFDC[11] Concerns about AFDC had started in the 1960s, at the same time when anti-poverty solutions and programs were being debated and created.[11] Some of these concerns included that it: caused family dysfunction among the poor (especially among poor black families as a result of the Moynihan Report), discouraged marriage and promoted single-motherhood, and discouraged poor women from seeking employment by encouraging dependency on government aid.[11] The 1980s concerns about the budget and spending on welfare also intensified with the growth of AFDC caseloads.[12] Concerns about fraudulent welfare claims, dependency, and misuse by recipients created the stereotypical trope of the “welfare queen.”