Researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign use the Zeno Effect, repeatedly measuring the properties of a photon to gradually change it without actually allowing the photon to reach the program, to search a database without actually "running" the quantum computer.[23] Vlatko Vedral of the University of Leeds and colleagues at the universities of Porto and Vienna found that the photons in ordinary laser light can be quantum mechanically entangled with the vibrations of a macroscopic mirror.[24] Samuel L. Braunstein at the University of York along with the University of Tokyo and the Japan Science and Technology Agency gave the first experimental demonstration of quantum telecloning.[25] Professors at the University of Sheffield develop a means to efficiently produce and manipulate individual photons at high efficiency at room temperature.[26] New error checking method theorized for Josephson junction computers.[27] First 12 qubit quantum computer benchmarked by researchers at the Institute for Quantum Computing and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, as well as MIT, Cambridge.[28] Two dimensional ion trap developed for quantum computing.[29] Seven atoms placed in stable line, a step on the way to constructing a quantum gate, at the University of Bonn.[30] A team at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands created a device that can manipulate the "up" or "down" spin-states of electrons on quantum dots.[31] University of Arkansas develops quantum dot molecules.[32] Spinning new theory on particle spin brings science closer to quantum computing.[33] University of Copenhagen develops quantum teleportation between photons and atoms.[34] University of Camerino scientists develop theory of macroscopic object entanglement, which has implications for the development of quantum repeaters.[35] Tai-Chang Chiang, at Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, finds that quantum coherence can be maintained in mixed-material systems.[36] Cristophe Boehme, University of Utah, demonstrates the feasibility of reading spin-data on a silicon-phosphorus quantum computer.[37]