The development of artificial water fluoridation began in 1945 in the Grand rapid Michigan followed by Newburgh, New York and Evanston, Illinois.[17] In 1955, three towns Watford, Kilmarnock and Anglesey trialled the water fluoridation implementation scheme.[2] In 1960, the Republic of Ireland implemented all public water supplies with artificial fluoridated water and four years later extending this into the main cities of Dublin and Cork.[14]