Since menstrual cups may only need to be emptied every 6–24 hours, many users do not have to empty them in public restrooms but rather in the comfort of their own home. A lack of clean water and soap for handwashing, needed before inserting the cup, presents a problem to women in developing countries.[10] Insertion requires thorough washing of the cup and hands to avoid introducing new bacteria into the vagina, which may heighten the risk of UTIs and other infections.[11] Disposable and resusable pads do not demand the same hand hygiene, though reusable pads also require access to water for washing out pads. Due to the fact that menstrual cups require boiling once a month, this can be a problem in developing countries if there is a lack of water, fire wood and good hygiene practices.[12] However, other options currently in use, such as rags that are washed, may be less hygienic.