Per Harrow, African women filmmakers became prolific during the 1980s and 1990s, "finally providing us with something more significant than Sembene's images of long-oppressed wives or daughters" and that "Perhaps the best way to understand post-engagement cinema is as that of a cinema that has begun to turn in the direction of women as harbingers for Africa's future.”[1] Woman centric films were traditionally less essentialist and less about double repression by African patriarchal culture and Western colonising forces.[citation needed]