Kim Il-sung developed[when?] the political ideology of the Juche idea, generally understood as self-reliance, and further developed it between the 1950s and the 1970s. Juche became the main guide of all forms of thought, education, culture and life throughout the nation[12] until Kim Jong-il introduced the Songun (military-first) policy in 1995, which augments the Juche philosophy[13] and has a great impact on national economic policies.[14]