- the condition of the Muslim states, contemporary Islam and the Muslim minorities (Models of modernization of Islam in a dynamic context,[36] the processes of democratization in today’s Islamic world,[37] elements of democracy in the Islamic world,[38] the attempts of the separation of religion and state,[39] Christian and Muslim perceptions of secularization[40] its practical application in the Muslim countries[41] and the economic consequences of the ‘Arab Spring’ (2011-2013) in Egypt, Tunisia, Syria and Libya,[42]