Public schools emerged from charity schools established to educate poor scholars—public because access to them was not restricted on the basis of religion, occupation, or home location, and that they were subject to public management or control,[4] in contrast to private schools which were run for the personal profit of the proprietors.[5] The origins of schools in the UK were primarily religious until 1640,[clarification needed] when House of Commons invited Comenius to England to establish and participate in an agency for the promotion of learning. It was intended that by-products of this would be the publication of 'universal' books and the setting up of schools for boys and girls.[6]