The startle reflex is a brainstem reflectory reaction (reflex) that serves to protect vulnerable parts, such as the back of the neck (whole-body startle) and the eyes (eyeblink) and facilitates escape from sudden stimuli. It is found across the lifespan of many species. A variety of responses may occur because of individual's emotional state,[2] body posture,[3] preparation for execution of a motor task,[4] or other activities.[5] The startle response is implicated in the formation of specific phobias.[citation needed]