In the United States, the sex ratios at birth over the period 1970–2002 were 1.05 for the white non-Hispanic population, 1.04 for Mexican Americans, 1.03 for African Americans and Indians, and 1.07 for mothers of Chinese or Filipino ethnicity.[15] Among Western European countries around 2001, the ratios ranged from 1.04 in Belgium to 1.07 in Switzerland,[16] Italy,[17] Ireland[18] and Portugal. In the aggregated results of 56 Demographic and Health Surveys[19] in African countries, the ratio is 1.03, albeit with considerable country-to-country variation.[20]