The first Africans to arrive in England came voluntarily with John Lok (an ancestor of the famous philosopher John Locke) in 1555. Lok intended to teach them English in order to facilitate trading of material goods.[6] This model gave way to a slave trade initiated by John Hawkins, who captured 300 Africans and sold them to the Spanish.[7] Blacks in England were subordinate but did not have the legal status of chattel slaves.[8]