research programmes conducted in the Component laboratories; a 3-4 year international research doctorate programme in molecular genetics and biotechnology, short-term post-doctoral study grants (maximum three months); long-term post-doctoral study grants (1–2 years) for the training of researchers through participation in the above-mentioned research programmes; a series of theoretical and practical courses and conferences on genetic engineering and biotechnology in Trieste, New Delhi, Cape Town and the Affiliated Centres; collaborative research programmes undertaken in Member States with ICGEB financial support (grants) ; scientific services for member countries, including the supply of sophisticated reagents for scientific research and a telematic network for the analysis of the human genome and other important organisms.