Name of scholar Script deciphered Magnus Celsius Staveless Runes Jón Ólafsson of Grunnavík Cipher runes Jean-Jacques Barthélemy Palmyrene alphabet Jean-Jacques Barthélemy Phoenician alphabet Jean-François Champollion Egyptian Hieroglyphs Georg Friedrich Grotefend, Eugène Burnouf, and Henry Rawlinson Old Persian Cuneiform Manuel Gómez-Moreno Northeastern Iberian script James Prinsep Brahmi, Kharosthi Edward Hincks Mesopotamian Cuneiform Bedřich Hrozný Hittite Cuneiform Vilhelm Thomsen Old Turkic George Smith and Samuel Birch, et al.[5] Cypriot syllabary Hans Bauer and Édouard Paul Dhorme[6] Ugaritic alphabet Wang Yirong, Liu E, and Sūn Yíràng, et al.