Annual per capita emissions in the industrialized countries are typically as much as ten times the average in developing countries.[1]: 144 Due to China's fast economic development, its annual per capita emissions are quickly approaching the levels of those in the Annex I group of the Kyoto Protocol (i.e., the developed countries excluding the US).[123] Other countries with fast growing emissions are South Korea, Iran, and Australia (which apart from the oil rich Persian Gulf states, now has the highest per capita emission rate in the world). On the other hand, annual per capita emissions of the EU-15 and the US are gradually decreasing over time.[123] Emissions in Russia and Ukraine have decreased fastest since 1990 due to economic restructuring in these countries.[124]