Conversely, any quantum circuit can be simulated by a one-way computer using a two-dimensional cluster state as the resource state, by laying out the circuit diagram on the cluster; Z measurements ( { | 0 ⟩ , | 1 ⟩ } {\displaystyle \{|0\rangle ,|1\rangle \}} basis) remove physical qubits from the cluster, while measurements in the X-Y plane ( | 0 ⟩ ± e i θ | 1 ⟩ {\displaystyle |0\rangle \pm e^{i\theta }|1\rangle } basis) teleport the logical qubits along the "wires" and perform the required quantum gates.[1] This is also polynomially efficient, as the required size of cluster scales as the size of the circuit (qubits x timesteps), while the number of measurement timesteps scales as the number of circuit timesteps.