Expenditures to fight the War on Terror are vast.[69] The Iraq war, lasting from 2003 to 2011, was especially costly.[2] In a 2010 defense report, Anthony Cordesman criticized out-of-control military spending.[70] The wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria and Pakistan have, from their beginning in 2001 through the end of the 2019 fiscal year, cost American taxpayers $6.4 trillion.[71]