By 1865, there were 20,000 blacks in the city, a sevenfold increase from the 3,000 before the war.[37] The presence of black Union soldiers was resented by Irish Catholics in the city, who competed with blacks for unskilled labor jobs. In 1866, there was a major riot with whites attacking blacks. Forty-five blacks were killed, and nearly twice as many wounded; much of their makeshift housing was destroyed.[38] By 1870, the black population was 15,000 in a city total of 40,226.[37]