Richard Nephew writes in this book about the failure of the US sanctions strategy against Iran: Americans after the imposition of active sanctions (between years 1996 - 2004) found that in addition to oil and gas, industries such as petrochemicals, automobiles and consumer goods were most affected by the sanctions. Accordingly, sanctions were imposed on Iran's petrochemical sector during the year 2010, including the import of gasoline to Iran, but the strategy failed soon, because the Iranians began to optimize fuel consumption, which led to reduced consumption. Also they increased fuel production (gasoline and diesel) in their refineries.