After the demise of Mahmud Shah of Melaka in 1528, Pahang joined forces with his successor Alauddin Riayat Shah II who established himself itself in Johor, to expel the Portuguese from the Malay peninsula. Two attempts were made, in 1547 at Muar and 1551 at Melaka. However, in the face of superior Portuguese arms and vessels, the Pahang and Johor forces were forced to retreat on both occasions.[1]