Trail of Tears The Trail of Tears memorial monument at the New Echota Historic Site in New Echota, Georgia, which honors the 4,000 Cherokees who died on the Trail of Tears Date 1831–1850 Location Southeastern United States and Indian Territory, present-day Oklahoma Participants U.S. Government, U.S. Army, state militias, Five Civilized Tribes of Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations Outcome The forced relocation of most of the Five Civilized Tribes of the Southeastern United States to Indian Territory under the Indian Removal Act of 1830 signed by U.S. president Andrew Jackson clearing former Native American lands for white settlement. Deaths Cherokee (4,000) Creek Seminole (3,000 in Second Seminole War – 1835–1842) Chickasaw (3,500) Choctaw (2,500–6,000)