Sultan Mahmud Shah Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad Al-Mu’azzam Shah (4 February 1868 – 19 June 1917) is the second modern Sultan of Pahang who ruled from 1914 to 1917. Born as Tun Long Mahmud, he was the second and eldest surviving son of Paduka Sri Baginda Sultan Besar Ahmad Al-Mu’azzam Shah Ibni Al-Marhum Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Ali by his second wife, Che’ Ungku Pah Binti Al-Marhum Dato’ Temenggong Sri Maharaja Tun Ibrahim.[citation needed]