During the same year, İbrahim Şinasi left control of his newspaper Tasvir-i Efkâr to Namık Kemal, and it was under Kemal’s editorship that the paper became more radical.[17] In 1867, Namık Kemal and other Young Ottomans published the open letter of a disgruntled Egyptian prince Mustafa Fazl Pasha to the Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz. This letter advocated constitutional and parliamentary governance.[18] After the publication, the Ottoman government cracked down on the Young Ottomans, causing them to flee to Paris,[19] where they continued operating under the patronage of Mustafa Fazl Pasha.[20] By the time these exiled publicists had come together under the patronage of Mustafa Fazl Pasha in Paris, they began calling themselves Yeni Osmanlılar (English: New Ottomans).[13]