Confederate Colonel John Pemberton, wounded in the American Civil War and addicted to morphine, also had a medical degree and began a quest to find a substitute for the problematic drug.[7] In 1885 at Pemberton's Eagle Drug and Chemical House, his drugstore in Columbus, Georgia, he registered Pemberton's French Wine Coca nerve tonic.[8][9][10][11] Pemberton's tonic may have been inspired by the formidable success of Vin Mariani, a French-Corsican coca wine,[12] but his recipe additionally included the African kola nut, the beverage's source of caffeine.[13]