The following is a list of women who have been elected head of state or government of their respective countries since the interwar period (1918–1939), and below that is a list of appointed heads of state. The first list includes female presidents who are heads of state and may also be heads of government, as well as female heads of government who are not concurrently head of state, such as prime ministers. The list does not include female monarchs who are heads of state (but not of government).[lower-alpha 2]