The MOOC model, while opening up education to a larger audience, also faces difficulties that will have to be overcome before they can replace other approaches to online teaching and learning. Some of these challenges are general to all MOOCs[36][37] and others, as claimed by Barcena et al.(2014),[38] are specific to language courses.[38][39][40] Regarding the former, given that most courses are essentially xMOOCs, then they are intended to provide the same learning experience to all students who undertake them, thereby limiting possibilities for individual instruction and personalized learning. A further problem is that of student assessment, how to do it and how to prevent cheating,[41][42] closed tests are typically used but lack the flexibility of open written / oral answers.