Washing, usually done with water and often some kind of soap or detergent Pressure washing, using a high-pressure stream of water Wet cleaning, methods of professional laundering that avoid the use of chemical solvents Abrasive blasting, typically used to remove bulk material from a surface, may be used to remove contaminants as well Acoustic cleaning, the use of sound waves to shake particulates loose from surfaces Ultrasonic cleaning, using ultrasound, usually from 20–400 kHz Megasonic cleaning, a gentler mechanism than ultrasonic cleaning, used in wafer, medical implant, and industrial part cleaning Carbon dioxide cleaning, a family of methods for parts cleaning and sterilization using carbon dioxide in its various phases Dry cleaning of clothing and textiles, using a chemical solvent other than water Flame cleaning of structural steel, with an oxyacetylene flame Green cleaning, using environmentally friendly methods and products Plasma cleaning, using energetic plasma or dielectric barrier discharge plasma created from various gases Sputter cleaning, performed in a vacuum by using physical sputtering of the surface Steam cleaning, in both domestic and industrial contexts Thermal cleaning, in industrial settings, involving pyrolysis and oxidation Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, which destroys microorganisms; used extensively in the medical and food industries