San Marino is located in Southern Europe, an enclave (landlocked) in central Italy, which it borders for 39 km. The third smallest independent state by area in Europe after the Vatican City and Monaco, San Marino is dominated by the Apennines. Located at 43°56′N 12°28′E﻿ / ﻿43.94°N 12.46°E﻿ / 43.94; 12.46, it covers an area of 61.2 km2 (23.6 sq mi).