In 1997, Rind and Philip Tromovitch published a literature review of seven studies involving 8,500 participants that examined adjustment problems of victims of child sexual abuse (CSA). They concluded that the general consensus associating CSA with intense, pervasive harm and long-term maladjustment was incorrect.[4] The following year, Rind, Tromovitch and Robert Bauserman published a peer reviewed meta-analysis of 59 studies using the self-reported experiences of child sexual abuse by 35,703 college students.[5] The results questioned the scientific validity of the single term child sexual abuse, suggesting a variety of different labels for sexual contact between adults and non-adults based on factors such as age and the degree to which the child was forced or coerced into participating.