The colored de Bruijn graphs can be used to genotype any DNA sample at a known loci, even when the coverage is less than sufficient for variant assembly.[1] The first step to this process is to construct a graph of the reference allele, known variants and data from the sample. The algorithm then calculates the likelihood of each genotype and accounts for the structure of the graph, both of the local and genome-wide sequence. This then generalizes to multiple allelic types and helps genotype complex and compound variants.[4] This algorithm is used frequently, as there are no bubbles formed to deal with.