The turn of the 18th century saw greater turmoil and renewed Safavid involvement in southern Iraq.[2] In 1690, an outbreak of plague and famine led to tribal unrest amongst the Al-Muntafiq tribe in southern Iraq. Led by Shaykh Mane ibn Mughamis, the Muntafiq Arabs revolted against the Ottomans.[2] The Ottoman government conducted a punitive campaign but was unable to put down Shaykh Mane's revolt. In 1695, Shaykh Mane captured Basra with the help of the local population and ousted the Ottoman governor and troops.[2][9] During his short-lived tenure as ruler of Basra, he was considered to be relatively benevolent.[2] The Safavids were not especially pleased with this turn of events.