English is the language of instruction in most self-financing schools, while government and government-aided schools offer instruction in English or Malayalam.[15] Though the cost of education is generally considered low in Kerala,[17] according to the 61st round of the National Sample Survey (2004–2005), per capita spending on education by the rural households was reported to be ₹41 (54¢ US) for Kerala, more than twice the national average. The survey also revealed that the rural-urban difference in household expenditure on education was much less in Kerala than in the rest of India.[18]