Political activities on behalf of equality often centered around transportation issues, such as segregation on streetcars and railroads.[102] Beginning in the 1850s, lawsuits were filed against segregated streetcars and railroads in both the North and South. Some notable plaintiffs included Elizabeth Jennings Graham in New York,[103] Charlotte L. Brown[104] and Mary Ellen Pleasant in San Francisco,[105] Ida B.Wells in Memphis, Tennessee [106] and Robert Fox in Louisville, Kentucky.[107]