2021 - Katalin Karikó, biochemistry [3] 2018 - Jocelyn Bell Burnell, astrophysics [4] 2016 - Alexander Varshavsky, biochemistry [5] 2015 - no award 2014 - Joel Lebowitz, physics and mathematics [6] 2013 - Joan A. Steitz, biochemistry [7] 2012 - Adi Shamir, cryptography 2011 - Avelino Corma Canos, chemistry [8] 2010 - Michael Atiyah, mathematics 2009 - Robert Weinberg, cancer research 2008 - Susan Solomon, atmospheric chemistry 2007 - Tomas Hökfelt, who studied neurotransmitters, and discovered their role in depression 2006 - Peter Goldreich, theoretical astrophysicist and planetary scientist 2005 - Ronald M. Evans, studied hormone receptors and the control of gene expression 2004 - David Gross, one of the founders of quantum chromodynamics and the standard model 2003 - David D. Sabatini, early inventor of electron microscopy techniques for cellular biology, discoverer of signalling peptides 2002 - Richard Garwin, discovered parity violation in pion decay 2001 - Albert Eschenmoser, organic chemistry 2000 - Robert Langlands, mathematics 1999 - Rene Thomas, molecular biology 1998 - Leo Kadanoff, physics 1997 - Jozef Schell, molecular biology of plants