Writers and publicists: İbrahim Şinasi (1826–1871), founded the newspaper Tasvir-i Efkâr ("Illustration of Thoughts") in 1862 and imparted editorship of it to Namık Kemal in 1865[7] Namık Kemal (1840–1888), one of the founding members of the Young Ottomans in 1865 and publisher of many opposition newspapers; helped draft the constitution[8] Ziya Pasha (1825–1880), former secretariat of the palace who had been pressured out of his position and published newspapers in France with Namık Kemal[9] Ali Suavi (1838–1878), a teacher and preacher with religious training who edited the newspaper Muhbir ("Reporter")[10] Mehmed Bey, a lead reformer and one of the founding members of the Young Ottomans;[11] nephew of Mahmud Nedim Pasha, a future grand vizier Political figures: Midhat Pasha (1842–1910), Ottoman prime minister (grand vizier) and reformer who drafted and implemented the constitution[12] Mustafa Fazl Pasha (1842–1910), brother to the viceroy of Egypt and grandson of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, principal benefactor and supporter of the Young Ottomans after formally organizing them in 1867 in Paris[13]