Most of them suffered the indignity of serfdom or some lingering elements of this system of forced labor. Peasant revolts in 1848-1849 involved more participants than the national revolutions of this period. And most importantly, they were successful bringing the final abolition of serfdom or its remnants across the German Confederation, in the Austrian Empire and Prussia.[14] The leader of this anti-serfdom peasant movement was Hans Kudlich, subsequently revered as Bauernbefreier (‘liberator of peasants’).[15]