Coprolalia is not unique to tic disorders; it is also a rare symptom of other neurological disorders.[8][9] It may occur after injuries to the brain such as stroke[9] and encephalitis;[9][10] in other neurological conditions such as choreoacanthocytosis,[11] seizures,[12] and Lesch–Nyhan syndrome;[13] and rarely in persons with dementia or obsessive-compulsive disorder in the absence of tics.[9] It also has been associated with Type 3 Overfocused ADD, as described by Daniel G. Amen M.D., in Healing ADD.