Although Bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen's 1941 sermons opposed the regime, Hitler biographer Alan Bullock wrote: "Neither the Catholic Church, nor the Evangelical Church ... as institutions, felt it possible to take up an attitude of open opposition to the regime".[2] In every country under German occupation, priests played a major role in rescuing Jews; Catholic resistance to mistreatment of Jews in Germany, however, was generally limited to fragmented, individual efforts. Mary Fulbrook wrote that when politics encroached on the church, Catholics were prepared to resist; the record was patchy and uneven, though, and (with notable exceptions) "it seems that, for many Germans, adherence to the Christian faith proved compatible with at least passive acquiescence in, if not active support for, the Nazi dictatorship".[3]