The "Quadrilateral Agreement on Traffic in Transit" (QATT) was first devised in 1995, and signed in 2004 by the governments of China, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan to facilitate transit trade between the various countries, with no inclusion of Afghanistan.[294] Despite signing of the QATT, the agreement's full potential was never realised, largely on account of poor infrastructure links between the four countries prior to the announcement of CPEC.