Long-term intravenous antibiotics Long-term parenteral nutrition, especially in chronically ill persons Long-term pain medications Chemotherapy Drugs that are prone to cause phlebitis in peripheral veins (caustic), such as: Calcium chloride Chemotherapy Hypertonic saline Potassium chloride (KCl) Amiodarone Vasopressors (for example, epinephrine, dopamine) Plasmapheresis Peripheral blood stem cell collections Dialysis Frequent blood draws Frequent or persistent requirement for intravenous access Need for intravenous therapy when peripheral venous access is impossible Blood Medication Rehydration Monitoring of the central venous pressure (CVP) in acutely ill people to quantify fluid balance[1]