Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino, and the Vatican City remain outside the Union, because the EU has not been designed with microstates in mind.[citation needed] Andorra is, by population, the largest of the five microstates with 78,115 citizens according to a census taken in 2011. Two other small countries, Luxembourg and Malta, are full members of the EU and both inhabited by populations over 400,000.