Since 2007, BP has been involved in oil sands projects,[77] which Greenpeace has called a climate crime.[78] Members of Canada's First Nations have criticized BP's involvement for the impacts oil sands extraction has on the environment.[79] In 2010, BP pledged to use only in-situ technologies instead of open-pit mining.[80] It uses steam-assisted gravity drainage in-situ technology to extract bitumen.[81] According to Greenpeace it is even more damaging to climate because while according to the Pembina Institute in-situ techniques result in lower nitrogen oxide emissions, and are less damaging to the landscape and rivers, they cause more greenhouse gas and sulphur dioxide emissions than mining.[80] In 2010, activist shareholders asked BP for a full investigation of the Sunrise oil sands project, but were defeated.[80][82] In 2013, shareholders criticized the project for being carbon-intensive.[83]