Proximal humerus fractures most often occur among elderly people with osteoporosis who fall on an outstretched arm.[1] Less frequently, proximal fractures occur from motor vehicle accidents, gunshots, and violent muscle contractions from an electric shock or seizure.[10][5] Other risk factors for proximal fractures include having a low bone mineral density, having impaired vision and balance, and tobacco smoking.[11] A stress fracture of the proximal and shaft regions can occur after an excessive amount of throwing, such as pitching in baseball.[6]