The 2018 European heat wave has been linked to rapid Arctic warming, caused by global warming, based on a rapid assessment by researchers from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, and World Weather Attribution consortium.[3] According to University of Oxford researchers, climate change more than doubled the odds of the heat wave to occur in many places.[4] The northern European heatwave was caused by stalling patterns of the jet stream waves, preventing hot, dry air to be transported away, for two months.[3] The extreme heat was blamed for forest fires and crop failures.[5]