To make observations in the near and mid infrared spectrum, the JWST must be kept very cold (under 40 K (−233 °C; −388 °F)), otherwise infrared radiation from the telescope itself would overwhelm its instruments. Therefore, it uses a large sunshield to block light and heat from the Sun, Earth, and Moon, and its position near the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point keeps all three bodies on the same side of the spacecraft at all times.[7] Its halo orbit around L2 avoids the shadow of the Earth and Moon, maintaining a constant environment for the sunshield and solar arrays.[8]