During the American Civil War, the Confederate States Congress authorized President Jefferson Davis to "bestow medals, with proper devices, upon such officers of the armies of the Confederate States as shall be conspicuous for courage and good conduct on the field of battle, and also to confer a badge of distinction upon one private or non-commissioned officer of each company after every signal victory it shall have assisted to achieve." Lacking adequate manufacturing capability, Adjutant and Inspector General Samuel Cooper belatedly established the "Roll of Honor" on October 3, 1863, in Richmond, Virginia.[1]