1977: Graduate from John F. Kennedy High School – Sacramento, United States 1977-78: BA in mechanical engineering at the University of Sacramento (uncompleted) 1980-92: Seminary study in Islamic studies including, Arabic literature, theology, logic, philosophy, jurisprudence and principal of jurisprudence 1988-92: BA in social sciences at the University of Tehran 1994-95: MA in sociology of communications in University College of Dublin, dissertation topic was: The Relationship between TV programs and Religious Practices and Values 1996-01: PhD in sociology of communications, at the Royal Holloway University of London, his research topic was: The Impact of Globalization on British Muslim Identity