The Annunciation was commemorated as a Catholic and Eastern Orthodox feast celebrating the announcement by the archangel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary that she would conceive and become the mother of Jesus.[3] It was a popular theme in late medieval European art,[4] Mary acts as Theotokos, the God-bearer as affirmed in 431 at the Council of Ephesus; two decades later the Council of Chalcedon affirmed the doctrine of Incarnation – that Christ was of two natures (God and Man) – and her perpetual virginity was affirmed at the Lateran Council of 631. In Byzantine art, Annunciation scenes depict the Virgin enthroned and dressed in royal regalia.[5] In later centuries she was shown in enclosed spaces: the temple, the church, the garden.[6]