With the eruption of the Iranian Revolution and subsequent establishment of the Islamic Republic regime in Iran in 1979, the relationship between Iran and Turkey has changed to a more competitive and hostile one, albeit not at the scale of Iran's attitude toward Israel and Saudi Arabia.[9][10] The Turkish state provided support to Saddam Hussein's Iraq during the 1980s Iran-Iraq War, which resulted in enmity from the Iranian leadership.[11] This was later followed by the eventual conflicts between the two states in regard to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the Kurdish-Turkish and Iranian-Kurdish conflicts, and most recently after the Arab Spring, when their multifaceted relations resulting in disputes over the Levant and North Africa, as well as the Balkans and South Asia.[12][10]