Yaqub Shah ascended the throne in 1586. He was a fanatical Kashmiri Shia who persecuted Hindus and put jaziya on Hindu subjects.[4] Yaqub Shah is known as the last independent ruler of Kashmir after his father, Yusuf Shah Chak, was imprisoned and sent to Bihar by Emperor Akbar. Yakub carried on warfare against the Mughal Empire but surrendered to Akbar on 8 August 1589.