The tarì were so widespread that imitations were made in southern Italy (Amalfi and Salerno) from the mid-tenth century, which only used illegible "pseudo-Kufic" imitations of Arabic.[6][7][8] When the Normans invaded Sicily in the 11th century, they issued tarì coins bearing legends in Arabic and Latin.[9] Roger II of Sicily issued such coins, becoming the only Western ruler at that time to mint gold coins. Their composition was 16​1⁄3 carat gold with some adjunction of silver and copper.[10] The tarì were also produced by the Hohenstaufens and the early Angevins.[11]