Some of the persecuted victims of racism and discrimination in the Arab world include: Africans in Egypt,[3] including on Eritreans,[43] and oppressing Darfurian refugees,[44] Algeria, Mauritania – fighting off racist policies in these countries,[45][46][47] in Iraq where blacks face racism,[48][49] Kurds in Syria and in Iraq,[50][51][52][53] Copts,[54] [55] it worsened under pan-Arabism by Nasser and with the empowerment of the Muslim Brotherhood.[56][57][58] Al-Akhdam in Yemen,[59] as well as slaves who fight the stigma of their status as 'slaves' in impoverished Yemen,[60] Persians' historic struggle against the 'Arab supremacy,'[61] Berbers in North Africa (Moroccos, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya ),[62][63][64][65][66] South and Southeast Asians (maids in the Gulf Arab nations),[67][68][69][70] Jews (see: Antisemitism in the Arab world, in a 2009 PEW poll, 90% of the Middle East were found to view Jews unfavorably).[71] Although slavery was officially abolished in 1981, a 2012 CNN report suggested that 10% to 20% of the Mauritanian population was enslaved with a correlation with skin color – darker-skinned Mauritanians were often enslaved by lighter-skinned.[72]