Agitations over self-determination in the Somali-inhabited Northern Frontier District culminated in the Shifta War during the 1960s.[70] Although the conflict ended in a cease-fire, Somalis in the region still identify and maintain close ties with their kin in Somalia.[71] In October 2011, a coordinated operation between the Somali military and the Kenyan military began against the Al-Shabaab group of insurgents in southern Somalia.[72][73] The mission was officially led by the Somali army, with the Kenyan forces providing a support role.[73] In early June 2012, Kenyan troops were formally integrated into AMISOM.[74]