- the history of Islam (the history of Central Asia from the 6th to the 12th centuries[62] and history of sub-Saharan Africa in the Middle Ages[63] (published as parts of ‘The Great History of the World).[64] The achievements and failures of the Abbasids (750-1258),[65] meanings of history in the Muslim thought,[66] He has described Muhammad’s tomb in Medina in the 17th century (focusing on the relations of the Islamicised Polish men kidnapped by Turks to Egypt)[67] and analyzed the contribution of Tadeusz Lewicki (1906-1992) to Islamic studies and the history of West Africa.)[68]