The Iranologist Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst notes that the Manichaean script was mainly used to write numerous Middle Iranian languages (Manichaean Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian, Early New Persian, Bactrian), and Old Uyghur (a Turkic language).[1] The Manichaean script is closely related to the Palmyrene script of Aramaic and the Estrangelo script of Syriac.[1]