Validating and Affirming: Culturally responsive teaching is validating and affirming because it acknowledges the strengths of students’ diverse heritages[19] Comprehensive: Culturally responsive teaching is comprehensive because it uses "cultural resources to teach knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes."[20] Multidimensional: Culturally responsive teaching encompasses many areas and applies multicultural theory to the classroom environment, teaching methods, and evaluation.[21] Liberating: Culturally responsive teachers liberate students.[22] Empowering: Culturally responsive teaching empower students, giving them opportunities to excel in the classroom and beyond.[23] "Empowerment translates into academic competence, personal confidence, courage, and the will to act."[24] Transformative: Culturally responsive teaching is transformative because educators and their students must often defy educational traditions and the status quo.[25]