Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (2006)[98] Busan, South Korea (2006)[99] Detroit, Michigan, United States (2003)[100] Frankfurt, Hessen, Germany, as a Friendship city since 2005[101] Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia (2001)[102] Shanghai, China (2009)[103] Istanbul, Turkey (1997)[104] Padang, Indonesia (2015)[105] Pyongyang, North Korea[9] Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2010)[106] Dundee, Scotland, UK (2004)[107]