Denser stands of oaks and junipers have an understory of shade-loving shrubs including Fraxinus dimorpha, Lonicera arborea, Crataegus lacinata, Buxus sempervirens, and Berberis vulgaris australis, interspersed with the tall shrubs Juniperus oxycedrus and Ephedra nebrodensis and herbaceous plants Cephalantera rubra, Helleborine latifolia, Festuca triflora, and Festuca rubra.[1]