Economic participation and opportunity – outcomes on salaries, participation levels and access to high-skilled employment Educational attainment – outcomes on access to basic and higher level education Political empowerment – outcomes on representation in decision-making structures Health and survival – outcomes on life expectancy and sex ratio. In this case parity is not assumed, there are assumed to be less female births than male (944 female for every 1,000 males), and men are assumed to die younger. Provided that women live at least six percent longer than men parity is assumed, if it is less than six percent it counts as a gender gap.[4]