Themes are a common element in cinema and the cinema of Africa often covers colonialism and its aftermath, among other topics and events that have impacted life in Africa.[21] Films that feature or are directed by African women may contain themes such as eroticism, African feminism, objectification, or arranged marriage and polygamy.[22][3] Other themes can include resilience and female independence, as in the case of Cameroon filmmaker Rosine Mbakam's Chez Jolie Coiffure.[24] Some themes, such as education, health, childhood, or the fight for equality, are seen as traditionally feminine per Beatriz Leal Riesco, but are subjected to "the perennial authoritarian gaze, the cardinal characteristic of which is the erection of a hermetic symbolic order codifying the distance between the creator and the reality represented".[5]