In addition to broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, Hinokitiol also possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities, characterised in a number of in vitro cell studies and in vivo animal studies. Hinokitiol inhibits key inflammatory markers and pathways, such as TNF-a and NF-kB, and its potential for treatment of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune conditions is being explored. Hinokitiol was found to exert cytotoxicity on several prominent cancer cell lines by inducing autophagic processes.[12][13]