In the 1980s there was a dramatic growth in research and applications of Bayesian methods, mostly attributed to the discovery of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and the consequent removal of many of the computational problems, and to an increasing interest in nonstandard, complex applications.[14] While frequentist statistics remains strong (as seen by the fact that most undergraduate teaching is still based on it [15]), Bayesian methods are widely accepted and used, e.g., in the field of machine learning.[16]