The award was given only to flying personnel (pilots and aircrew).[1] Recipients' named were published in the periodical Ehrenliste der Deutschen Luftwaffe (Honor List of the German Air Force). German archives indicate that approximately 58,000 were given "on paper", but only 13-15,000 goblets were actually awarded according to the records.[2] The first airman to receive the goblet was Johann Schalk on 21 August 1940.