It also targeted various Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, National Front for Liberation and Jaysh al-Izza positions with missiles and artillery.[5][6][7] The pro-opposition Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that at least 69 civillians and 41 insurgents had been killed up to that point, since the beginning of the escalation.[8] The Russian Air Force intensified airstrikes against rebel groups, in response to missiles and mortar shells, that they stated had been fired against Russia's Khmeimim Air Base the previous day by unidentified militants.[9][10] The Syrian Army reported that it had killed 15 rebels in the previous day, while losing 11 servicemen.[11][12]