In the Sultanate of Johor, the Temenggong of Muar held a fief centered in Segamat for approximately two centuries and the Temenggong of Johor was the head of the fief (Johor mainland) between 1760 and 1868. The full rendition of the Johor Temenggong was Temenggung Seri Maharaja. Although the Temenggong was the head of the fief's administration, the Temenggong held the kingdom of Johor and Singapore by virtue of his being a vassal of the Sultan.[1] In 1868, Temenggong Abu Bakar declared himself as a maharaja, assumed control over Muar and declared himself an independent ruler.