The parties leaders consisted of the retired General Kâzım Karabekir who became its president, Adıvar and Orbay as his deputy presidents and several former members of the Committee for Union and Progress (CUP) such as Rüştü Pasha, Bekir Sami Kunduh, Ahmet Şükrü [tr] and İsmail Canbulat [tr] as members of the Central Administrative Committee.[4]