In the latter days of the Rebellions of 1837 in Upper Canada, after Mackenzie and 200 of his followers retreated from Toronto to Navy Island, he declared a separate republic. He established an independent currency, and supplied his camp using the American supply steamer Caroline.[3] He recruited followers by promising 300 acres (120 ha) of land to any man that supported his cause.[4] He later included in his promise $100 in silver to his supporters, payable on May 1, 1838.[5]