IDN was originally proposed in December 1996 by Martin Dürst[2][3] and implemented in 1998 by Tan Juay Kwang and Leong Kok Yong under the guidance of Tan Tin Wee. After much debate and many competing proposals, a system called Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)[4] was adopted as a standard, and has been implemented in several top-level domains.