Heydrich gave them a mandate to secure the offices and papers of the Soviet state and Communist Party;[42] to liquidate all the higher cadres of the Soviet state; and to instigate and encourage pogroms against Jewish populations.[43] The men of the Einsatzgruppen were recruited from the SD, Gestapo, Kriminalpolizei (Kripo), Orpo, and Waffen-SS.[41] Each Einsatzgruppe was under the operational control of the Higher SS Police Chiefs in its area of operations.[39] In May 1941, General Wagner and SS-Brigadeführer Walter Schellenberg agreed that the Einsatzgruppen in front-line areas were to operate under army command, while the army provided the Einsatzgruppen with all necessary logistical support.[44] Given their main task was defeating the enemy, the army left the pacification of the civilian population to the Einsatzgruppen, who offered support as well as prevented subversion.[45] This did not preclude their participation in acts of violence against civilians, as many members of the Wehrmacht assisted the Einsatzgruppen in rounding up and killing Jews of their own accord.[46]