"If the cause, assigned for any effect, be not sufficient to produce it, we must either reject that cause, or add to it such qualities as will give it a just proportion to the effect."[6][7] Alder's razor (also known as Newton's Flaming Laser Sword[8]): If something cannot be settled by experiment or observation, then it is not worthy of debate.[8] Sagan standard: Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.