Nation Population east of the Mississippi before removal treaty Removal treaty & year signed Years of major emigration Total number emigrated or forcibly removed Number stayed in Southeast Deaths during removal Deaths from warfare Choctaw 19,554[56] + white citizens of the Choctaw Nation + 500 black slaves Dancing Rabbit Creek (1830) 1831–1836 12,500 7,000[57] 2,000–4,000+ (Cholera) none Creek 22,700 + 900 black slaves[58] Cusseta (1832) 1834–1837 19,600[59] 100s 3,500 (disease after removal)[60] ?