Among the many inscriptions at Jabal al-ʿHayn are a number in Arabic which date to the earliest years of the Islamic calendar. One inscription quotes Quran, Surah 18 Al-Kahf verse 21.[2] The inscription was studied by Fred Donner and published in 1984.[3] Following a frequently found formula, the inscription implores God to grant forgiveness and then bears witness to the hour of final judgement.