The title zamorin first appears in the writings of Ibn Battuta in 1342.[14] In the Portuguese Book of Duarte Barbosa (c. 1516), the title of the ruler of Calicut is given as çamidre or zomodri, derived from the local Malayalam sāmūtiri. In Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen written by Zainuddin Makhdoom II in 16th century CE, the word is pronounced as Sāmuri.[2] This was once thought to be derived from Sanskrit samudra ("sea") and have the meaning "lord of the sea".