It has been theorized that Japan's harsh work culture in combination with the lack of familial and community support has contributed to the prevalence of jouhatsu in Japan.[1] Furthermore, quitting a company is seen as shameful in Japanese culture.[2] Suicide, working to death (karoshi), and becoming jouhatsu are thus potential outcomes.[2] It can also spare the family the high costs that can be associated with suicide (e.g. debts, cleanup fees, and disruption-of-service fees in the context of platform jumpers).[2]