Parasites include parasitic worms, leeches, the ciliate Balantidium elongatum, and potentially toadflies.[13]:77 A ranavirus transmitted to alpine newts from midwife toads in Spain caused bleeding and necrosis.[13]:142 The chytridiomycosis-causing fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been found in wild populations,[25] and the emerging B. salamandrivorans was lethal for alpine newts in laboratory experiments.[26]