The Max Planck Institute, which supports fundamental research in the natural, life and social sciences, the arts and humanities The RAND Corporation, founded as a research corporation. Did groundbreaking work in the field of artificial intelligence The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, founded by Theodore von Kármán Bell Laboratories, renowned for the quality of its scientific work and for inventing the operating system Unix, and the programming languages C and C++ Xerox PARC, research organization which has also spawned innovations such as the graphical user interface, laser printing, and Ethernet SRI, where the computer mouse was invented, were explicitly founded with a research basis IBM Research, notable for inventing the relational database, hard disk drive, and floppy disk Hughes Research Laboratories, location of the invention of the first working laser The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, non-profit medical research organization