China produces and consumes the most antibiotics of all countries.[98] Antibiotic use has been measured by checking the water near factory farms in China[99][100] as well as through animal faeces.[101] It was calculated that 38.5 million kg (or 84.9 million lbs) of antibiotics were used in China's swine and poultry production in 2012.[102] The abuse of antibiotics caused severe pollution of soil and surface water in Northern China.[103]