The sex ratio is 899 females per 1000 males—lower than the national average.[113] The ratio is depressed by the influx of working males from surrounding rural areas, from the rest of West Bengal; these men commonly leave their families behind.[114] Kolkata's literacy rate of 87.14%[113] exceeds the national average of 74%.[115] The final population totals of census 2011 stated the population of city as 4,496,694.[10] The urban agglomeration had a population of 14,112,536 in 2011.[11]