Paranormal claims for the origin of EVP include living humans imprinting thoughts directly on an electronic medium through psychokinesis[32] and communication by discarnate entities such as spirits,[33][34] nature energies, beings from other dimensions, or extraterrestrials.[35] Paranormal explanations for EVP generally assume production of EVP by a communicating intelligence through means other than the typical functioning of communication technologies. Natural explanations for reported instances of EVP tend to dispute this assumption explicitly and provide explanations which do not require novel mechanisms that are not based on recognized scientific phenomena.