The author analyzes the formation of a Greater Lebanon in 1920 with Christians and Muslims becoming the two main ethno-national groups of the country: The Christians with an Aramaic Mediterranean identity and the Muslims with an Arab identity. In 1943 a "National Pact" between the two groups attempted to create a "hybrid" identity: "Lebanon with an Arab face." Between 1945 and 1975, the bi national country flourished economically but tensions remained peaking with the formation of the Arab League, the Arab Israeli Conflict, the first Lebanese civil war of 1958, the 1967 war, the rise of the PLO in Lebanon as of 1968, the first clashes of the early 1970s until the explosion of the 1975 full-scale war between Lebanese Christian resistance and Lebanese Muslim militias and Palestinian forces.