The Ramesseum medical papyri constitute a collection of ancient Egyptian medical documents dating back to the early 18th century BC, found in the temple of the Ramesseum.[1] As with most ancient Egyptian medical papyri, these documents mainly dealt with ailments, diseases, the structure of the body, and proposed remedies used to heal these afflictions,[1] namely ophthalmologic ailments, gynaecology, muscles, tendons, and diseases of children.[2] It is the only well-known papyrus to describe these in great detail.[1] Most of the text written in the known manuscripts of this collection are in parts III, IV, and V, and written in vertical columns.[1]