Other institutional participants included the New Zealand Official Development Assistance (NZODA) Programme.[2] In 1996, the concept of a composite vulnerability index had been tentatively taken up by Commonwealth policy analysts.[10] In 1997, official background papers of the SIDS unit reflected the term "vulnerability index" at least internally.[11] It was also advanced in Commonwealth channels.[12] By 1997, the term was approved for publication by the staff of the UN Secretary General in the SG's Report on Development of a Vulnerability Index for SIDS.[13] This concept was subsequently adopted by other experts in that field.[14] and explicitly named as such.[15]