Several therapy programs in the United States now use hug machines, effectively achieving general calming effects among both children and adults with autism. A 1995 study on the efficacy of Grandin's device, conducted by the Center for the Study of Autism, working with Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, involved ten children with autism and found a reduction in tension and anxiety.[7] Other studies, including one by Dr. Margaret Creedon, have yielded similar results.