After years of working toward the establishment of a functioning Palestinian state alongside the state of Israel, Nusseibeh was by 2011 referring to the two-state solution as a "fantasy".[25] In What's A Palestinian State Worth? (Harvard University Press, 2011) he called for a "thought experiment" of a single state in which Israel annexed all the territories, and Palestinians would be "second-class citizens" with "civil but not political rights" in which "Jews could run the country while the Arabs could live in it."[26] This specific suggestion has been dismissed as "disingenuous".[27] During this time, Nusseibeh has been speaking of steps toward one version or another of a single-state solution, such as a binational state.[26][28]