The Allied powers organised war crimes trials, beginning with the Nuremberg trials, held from November 1945 to October 1946, of 23 top Nazi officials. They were charged with four counts—conspiracy to commit crimes, crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity—in violation of international laws governing warfare.[477] All but three of the defendants were found guilty and twelve were sentenced to death.[478] Twelve Subsequent Nuremberg trials of 184 defendants were held between 1946 and 1949.[477] Between 1946 and 1949, the Allies investigated 3,887 cases, of which 489 were brought to trial.