- the Oriental Churches (Arab Christianity before Muhammad,[69] and Christian Arabic literature before the rise of Islam[70] The Christians in the Muslim world in the Middle Ages,[71] the history of the Melkite Church (634-1516),[72] the Maronite Church in the Middle East as a bridge between the East and the West,[73] the contribution of Christian Maronites to the famous Organic Statute of Lebanon (Règlement) in 1861 and 1864[74] and statistical changes of Christians in Lebanon and Syria in the twentieth century.[75] The changes of Coptic identity,[76] the pluralism of the Catholic Church in Egypt[77] and the condition of Christian minorities in Turkey.[78]