Fatimid commander Jawhar at the orders of the Caliph Al-Muizz (972) Al-'Aziz Billah (975–996) Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (996–1021) Al-Mustansir Billah (1021–1036) and Al-Hafiz Li-Din-illah Ibn al-Haytham (965 –1040) Arab physicist, mathematician, astronomer and referred to as "the father of modern optics". Sibt al-Maridini (1423 – 1506) Arab physicist, mathematician and astronomer. Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i (15th century) Arab physicist, mathematician and astronomer.