Gilliland, J. (2004), "Calcraft, William (1800–1879)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, retrieved 20 August 2010 (subscription or UK public library membership required) ↑ Strange 1997, pp. 44, 51 ↑ Beadle & Harrison 2007, p. 51 1 2 3 Block & Hostettler 1997, p. 38 1 2 3 "Biography of a Hangman; William Calcraft's Career.