Sravana literally means hearing, and broadly refers to perception and observations typically aided by a counsellor or teacher (guru),[45] wherein the Advaitin listens and discusses the ideas, concepts, questions and answers.[42][43] Manana refers to thinking on these discussions and contemplating over the various ideas based on svadhyaya and sravana.[43][45][46] Nididhyāsana refers to meditation,[web 1] realization and consequent conviction of the truths, non-duality and a state where there is a fusion of thought and action, knowing and being.[47][43]