Founded in 1922, the United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia (now the United Board) has established 13 Christian universities in mainland China, including Fukien Christian University, Ginling College, Hangchow University, Huachung University, Hwa Nan College, Lingnan University, Nanking University, St. John’s University, University of Shanghai, Shantung Christian University, Soochow University, West China Union University, and Yenching University, making great contributions to China's higher education.[22] Tunghai was founded later in 1953, after the 13 Christian universities were forced to close in mainland China.[23]