They were deluged with propaganda orchestrated by Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda Joseph Goebbels, who promised peace and plenty for all in a united, Marxist-free country without the constraints of the Versailles Treaty.[47] The NSDAP obtained and legitimised power through its initial revolutionary activities, then through manipulation of legal mechanisms, the use of police powers, and by taking control of the state and federal institutions.[48][49] The first major Nazi concentration camp, initially for political prisoners, was opened at Dachau in 1933.[50] Hundreds of camps of varying size and function were created by the end of the war.[51]