Aviation organizations including major airlines and military aviation have introduced CRM training for crews. CRM training is now a mandated requirement for commercial pilots working under most regulatory bodies, including the FAA (US) and EASA (Europe). Following the lead of the commercial airline industry, the US Department of Defense began training its air crews in CRM in the mid 1980s.[10] The U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy require all air crew members to receive annual CRM training to reduce human-error-caused mishaps.[11][12] The U.S. Army has its own version of CRM called Aircrew Coordination Training Enhanced (ACT-E).[13]