Starting from the early 16th century,[29] although certain aspects of more recent times were already incorporated since the 12th century,[30] until the course of the 19th century, Georgian culture became significantly influenced by Persian culture.[31] Though notably more visibly amongst the higher classes, Persian cultural aspects were incorporated amongst the already existing Georgian columns, especially painting, architecture, and literature.[29] The French traveller Jean Chardin who visited Georgia in 1672 noted that the Georgians followed Persian customs.[29] Since many Georgian kings, princes, and nobles were either born or raised in mainland Iran, it is not surprising that Persian cultural aspects spread in Georgia.[29]