Likewise, the departments of sociology, economics and history are responsible for formulating Islamic theories in these areas. Modern terms, although new, but many of their implications are present in Islam, and to highlight this requires an extrapolation of heritage to reach principles and theories, if the theory of independence of authorities is attributed to (Montesquieu) Islam recognized the independence of the judiciary more than ten centuries before Montesquieu, and the appointment of judges and the acceptance of their resignations was done by the caliph himself, and he was not subject to the governors of the cities, but the caliph himself was not able after their appointment to interfere in the affairs of the judiciary and the judges’ rulings, and this matter Many modern theories and principles are validated.