Secondly, in the last five years, forests in Malay peninsula destroyed due to illegal logging, Sixteen out of the 37 permanent forest reserves in Kelantan (Malaysia) had been encroached upon by illegal loggers, area where most of the siamangs live in Malay peninsula.[21] Thirdly, forest encroachments change forest cover into cultivated land; for example, the rising price of coffee in 1998 has been encouraging people in Sumatra to replace the forest with coffee plantation.[22] Fourthly, development in many areas needs infrastructure, such as roads, which now divide conservation areas and have caused forest fragmentation and edge effects.