See capital punishment in Tonga Turkmenistan 1997 1999 Abolished 1999 by Constitution. Tuvalu *None since independence in 1978 1978 United Arab Emirates 2015[232] n/a Death penalty by firing squad for murder; aggravated murder; drug offenses;[233] successfully inciting the suicide of a person "afflicted with total lack of free will or reason"; arson resulting in death; kidnapping resulting in death; acts of indecent assault resulting in death; importing nuclear substances/wastes in the environment of the State; rape; treason; adultery; apostasy; aggravated robbery; terrorism; sodomy; homosexuality; joining the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Syria or Iraq; blasphemy; espionage and perjury causing wrongful execution[234] Uzbekistan 2005[235] 2008 President Islam Karimov signed a decree on 1 August 2005 that replaced the death penalty with life imprisonment on 1 January 2008[236] Vanuatu *None since independence in 1980 1980 Vietnam 2016[237] unknown number n/a Lethal injection.