In 1929, even more strict controls were introduced, decreeing that any Soviet official serving abroad who went over "to the camp of the enemies of the working class and the peasants" and refused to return would be executed within twenty-four hours of being apprehended.[26] In 1932, as Stalin's first Five Year Plan forced collectivization, to allocate scarce housing and weed out "nonproductive" elements, internal passport controls were introduced.[26] When combined with individual city Propiska ("place of residence") permits, and internal freedom of movement restrictions often called the 101st kilometre, these rules greatly restricted mobility within even small areas.[26] When the Soviet Constitution of 1936 was promulgated, virtually no legal emigration took place, except for very limited family reunification and some forced deportations.[26] Very small numbers snuck into Romania, Persia, and Manchuria, but the bulk of the population remained essentially captive.[27] Moskovskaya Pravda later described the decision to emigrate as "unnatural and like burying someone alive."[28] Those wishing to leave were viewed not just as deserters, but traitors.[28]