Manuel died in 1521, and was succeeded by his son John III of Portugal. When Jorge de Lencastre died in July, 1550, John III received a bull from Pope Julius III a couple of weeks later appointing him personally as the master of both the Order of Santiago and the Order of Aviz. This was followed up by a second bull, Praeclara carissimi, issued by the pope under great diplomatic pressure by John III in December 1551, appointing the Kings of Portugal as masters in perpetuity of all three military orders, Christ, Santiago and Aviz, thus bringing an end to the independence of the military orders in Portugal.