In return for Italian arms and an annual subsidy, the Sultans conceded to a minimum of oversight and economic concessions.[1] The Italians also agreed to dispatch a few ambassadors to promote both the sultanates' and their own interests.[2] The new protectorates were thereafter managed by Vincenzo Filonardi through a chartered company.[10] An Anglo-Italian border protocol was later signed on 5 May 1894, followed by an agreement in 1906 between Cavalier Pestalozza and General Swaine acknowledging that Baran fell under the Majeerteen Sultanate's administration.[11]