It is important to note that DAD can occur in settings other than ARDS and that ARDS can occur with histology other than DAD. That being said, the histologic finding of DAD is often associated with the clinical syndrome ARDS but it can also be seen in conditions such as acute interstitial pneumonia (essentially ARDS but without a known inciting cause), acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplant.[1] The most common causes of ARDS are pneumonia, non-pulmonary sepsis, and aspiration.[7]