Ukrainian authorities blamed Russia for the attack, indicating it was a false-flag staged to cover the deaths of civilians by Russian forces in Kharkiv, Irpin and Mykolayiv. They claimed that the blast appeared to have occurred from a stationary object, such as a car bomb, due to the blast pattern and lack of missile debris.[3] The DPR authorities said that the attack was made by Tochka-U tactical missile system used by Ukrainian forces, which was shot down by the DPR Armed Forces.[4]