During a particularly strong positive IOD at the end of 2019, average rainfall over East Africa was 300% higher than normal.[19] This higher than average rainfall has resulted in a high prevalence of flooding in the countries of Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Somalia and South Sudan.[20] Torrential rainfall and increased risk of landslides over the region during this period often results in widespread destruction and loss of life.[21][22][23][24]