Problems of fashion wartime were a high priority in such magazines in all major countries.[127] Historians report that the Japanese textile and fashion industries were highly successful in adapting to wartime shortages and propaganda needs.[128] Magazines for teenage girls emphasized they must follow patriotic demands that compelled them to give up their adolescent freedoms and transform themselves from "shōjo", which connotes adolescent playfulness, into "gunkoku shōjo" [girls of a military nation], with significant home front responsibilities.