The concept of a soul weighing 21 grams is mentioned in numerous media, including a 2013 issue of the manga Gantz,[10] a 2013 podcast of Welcome to Night Vale[11] and the 2015 film The Empire of Corpses.[12] Songs entitled "21 Grams" which reference the weight of a soul have been released by Niykee Heaton (2015),[13] Fedez (2015) and the Thundamentals (2017). Travis Scott references the concept in the song "No Bystanders", released in 2018. MacDougall and his experiments are explicitly mentioned in the 1978 documentary film Beyond and Back,[14] and episode five of the first season of Dark Matters: Twisted But True.[15] A fictional American scientist named "Mr. MacDougall" appears in Gail Carriger's 2009 novel Soulless, as an expert in the weight and measurement of souls.[16]