PMID 28784789.; see also: Jordana Cepelewicz, Genetics Spills Secrets From Neanderthals' Lost History, Quanta Magazine, 18 September 2017. "The dating of that schism between the Neanderthals and the Denisovans is surprising because previous research pegged it as much more recent: a 2016 study, for instance, set it at only 450,000 years ago. An earlier separation means we should expect to find many more fossils of both eventually.