1985: Test sale—1.1 million barrels (170,000 m3) 1990–1991: Desert Storm sale—21 million barrels (3,300,000 m3) 4 million barrels (640,000 m3) in August 1990 test sale 17 million barrels (2,700,000 m3) in January 1991 presidentially ordered drawdown 1996–1997: 28 million barrels (4,500,000 m3) non-emergency sales for deficit reduction July–August 2000: 2.8 million barrels (450,000 m3) to supply the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve. September–October 2000: 30 million barrels (4,800,000 m3) in response to a concern over low distillate levels in the northeastern U.S. 2005 Hurricane Katrina sale: 11 million barrels (1,700,000 m3)—Katrina shut down 95% of crude production and 88% of natural gas output in the Gulf of Mexico. This amounted to a quarter of total U.S. output.