In 1980, the National Language Authority of Pakistan developed a new keyboard layout for typewriters based on Naskh script. The keyboard had 46 keys to type 71 Urdu consonants, vowels, diacritics, and punctuation marks, and 21 key symbols for arithmetic calculations and digits. However, with the arrival of the digital age, the layout became inadequate for computerized processing that required software[3] backup to select the shape of the character appropriate to the context, and the ability to store multiple language character sets.[4] These issues were addressed through the standardization of keyboard[5] for a bilingual teleprinter to use both English and Urdu.