A further amendment in 1993 repealed the marital power for all civil marriages, whenever they were contracted.[11] The marital power persisted, however, in the Transkei (which was nominally independent from 1976 to 1994) but it was held to be unconstitutional for civil marriages by the High Court in 1999.[11] In 2000,[12] when it came into force, the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act, 1998 abolished the marital power for all marriages under customary law throughout South Africa. Other important changes enacted by 20th century legislation include abolishing the concept of restitution of conjugal rights by the Divorce Act, 1979 (Act No. 70 of 1979), Section 14,[13] as well as enacting several specific laws against domestic violence in the 1990s (see Domestic violence in South Africa).