Punishment for race defilement for men was penal labor or prison. Women were (curiously) left out of the penal legislation (some said, because of the ideology that presented them as seduced, rather than active perpetrators; some said simply because their witness was needed and a witness need not give evidence against herself); they could however be tried for perjury or similar offenses if they tried to protect their (alleged or actual) lover, or in all cases sent to a concentration camp (which was not part of the justice system, but inflicted by the Gestapo without any legal control).