While both gharar and riba (Usury) are negative elements in Islamic economics, there is much less material available about gharar in the literature of Islamic economics and finance than there is on riba,[1] and "ghara is considered to be of less significance than Riba." According to Muhammad Ayub, "a consensus" among Islamic scholars has emerged in the recent past "regarding its extent rendering any transaction valid or void". While the slightest involvement of Riba makes a transaction non-Shariah-compliant, some degree of Gharar" is acceptable.[17]