In the 19th century, the term Lebensraum was used by the German biologist Oscar Peschel in his 1860 review of Charles Darwin's Origins of Species (1859).[11] In 1897, the ethnographer and geographer Friedrich Ratzel in his book Politische Geographie applied the word Lebensraum ("living space")[2] to describe physical geography as a factor that influences human activities in developing into a society.[12] In 1901, Ratzel extended his thesis in his essay titled "Lebensraum".[13]