In 2019, the University of California (UC) system announced that it was cancelling its Elsevier subscriptions, citing costs and lack of open access.[16] Similar steps were taken by other universities, including MIT in 2020,[17] SUNY in 2020,[18] Florida State University in 2018,[19] UNC Chapel Hill in 2020,[20] and Louisiana State University in 2019.[21] In 2021, the UC system negotiated a new 4-year "pilot" agreement with Elsevier that permits UC researchers to publish in Elsevier journals on an open-access basis and restores access to Elsevier journals for UC libraries,[22] following similar open-access agreements with Carnegie Mellon University in 2019 (for 4 years)[23] and the Norwegian university system in 2019 (for 2 years).[24]