A 2021 case-control study of cities found that redistributing street space for cycling infrastructure – for so-called "pop-up bike lanes" during the COVID-19 pandemic – lead to large additional increases in cycling. These may have substantial environmental and health benefits[80] which contemporary decision-makers have pledged to genuinely strive for with set goals such as CO2 emissions reductions of 55% by 2030 by the EU, climate change mitigation responsibilities of the Paris Agreement and EU air quality rules.[81][82]