At the time of the bombing, an obscure group called the "Islamic Jihad" claimed responsibility for the attack.[115][116] There were many in the U.S. government, such as Vice President Bush, Secretary of State George Shultz, and National Security Adviser Robert McFarlane (who was formerly Reagan's Mideast envoy), who believed Iran and/or Syria were/was responsible for the bombings.[117][118] After some years of investigation, the U.S. government now believes that elements of what would eventually become Hezbollah, backed by Iran and Syria, were responsible for these bombings[116][119] as well as the bombing of the U.S. Embassy in Beirut earlier in April.[120][121] It is believed that Hezbollah used the name "Islamic Jihad" to remain anonymous.