At the end of the 19th century, Alfred Nehring (1890)[1] and Jan Czerski (Iwan Dementjewitsch Chersky, 1891)[2] proposed that during the last glacial period a major part of northern Europe had been populated by large herbivores and that a steppe climate had prevailed there.[3] In 1982, the scientist R. Dale Guthrie coined the term "mammoth steppe" for this paleoregion.[4][11]