First, it has been shown that numerical majority is not necessary for social democratic parties to control governments,[8] which implies that social democratic parties do not necessarily need to sacrifice workers’ votes to win elections.[9] Second, Gøsta Esping-Andersen has argued that Przeworski is mistaken in attempting to differentiate reformist and revolutionary policies, since “we have no accepted criteria for deciding which actions will merely reflect the status quo and which will accelerate historical transformation”.[10] Esping-Andersen suggests that policies that leftist parties adopt should be compared based on how they aid the process of class unity.[11]