In May 1996, Villanova University canceled a seminar that involved many speakers including Al-Arian after the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) complained about the possibility of riots.[1] The Middle East Studies Association of North America (MESA), the United States's largest association of Middle East scholars, approved a resolution that rebuked ADL for "creating an atmosphere of intimidation that resulted in the cancellation of an academic event".[25] USF placed Al-Arian on paid administrative leave in May 1996 pending the outcome of a federal investigation which had an indefinite time frame.[3] Students complained in August 1997 after a graduation requirement course taught by Al-Arian was cancelled.[26] After consultation with authorities who brought no charges after a three-year federal investigation,[27] USF decided to reinstate him in August 1998.[28]