Ilmar Rohloff de Mattos, O tempo saquarema: A formação do estado imperial (Rio de Janeiro: ACCESS, 1994); emphasizes party's role in promoting antidemocratic hierarchies of wealth and authority Jeffrey D. Needell, The Party of Order: The Conservatives, the State, and Slavery in the Brazilian Monarchy, 1831-1871 (Stanford University Press, 2006: ISBN 0-8047-5369-5); emphasizes party's defense of stability and parliamentary rule