The Muslims were no longer given their rights provided by the Treaty of Granada,[21] and were given the choice of: (1) remain and accept baptism, (2) reject baptism and be enslaved or killed, or (3) be exiled.[22] Given the expensive fee exacted for passage out of Spain, conversion was the only realistic option for them.[22][23] Therefore, only a decade after the fall of the Emirate of Granada, the entire Muslim population of Granada had nominally become Christian.[23] They were known as nuevos cristianos ("new Christians") or moriscos (lit. "Moorish"). Although they converted to Christianity, they maintained their existing customs, including their language, distinct names, food, dress and even some ceremonies.[24] Many secretly practiced Islam, even as they publicly professed and practiced Christianity.[25] In return, the Catholic rulers adopted increasingly intolerant and harsh policies in order to eradicate these characteristics.[23] This culminated in Philip II's Pragmatica of 1 January 1567 which ordered the Moriscos to abandon their customs, clothing and language.