The Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency[1] (Turkish: Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, also abbreviated as AFAD) was established in 2009 in Turkey to take necessary measures for effective emergency management and civil protection nationwide in Turkey. The presidency conducts pre-incident work, such as preparedness, mitigation and risk management, during-incident work such as response, and post-incident work such as recovery and reconstruction. AFAD reports to the Turkish Ministry of Interior.