The Japanese occupied the city the next day.[10] Rome was declared open on 14 August 1943 by the Italian government[11] following the cessation of Allied bombing.[12] Subsequently, Allied forces entered Rome in June 1944 and retreating German forces also declared Florence and Chieti on 24 March 1944 "open cities".[12] Athens was declared an open city by the Germans on 11 October 1944.[13] Hamburg was declared open on 3 May 1945 by the Germans and was immediately occupied by the British.[14]