User focused, see Product design, Industrial design Design for user-friendliness (Bralla, 1996: 237–254), see Usability, Ben Shneiderman, Emotional Design Design for ergonomics (Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 305–310) Design for aesthetics (Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 311–316) After-sales focused Design for serviceability (Bralla, 1996: 182–194; Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 357–359), Design for maintainability (Bralla, 1996: 182–194; Pahl and Beitz, 1996: 357–359; VDI2246), Design for repair-reuse-recyclability, a key part of the International Design Excellence Awards criteria