Since 1836, Rosellini's health started to decline possibly due to malaria, which ultimately led to his death on 4 June 1843 in Pisa.[4] All his papers were donated to the library of the University of Pisa, while the last volume of the Monumenti was published posthumously in 1844.[2] Three years after his death, his widow married his brother Ferdinando Pio, a mathematician, who adopted their three sons.[5]