More recently, researchers Mark D. Griffiths (2000) and Dr. Jason C. Northrup and colleagues (2015) claim that Internet per se is simply the medium and that the people are in effect addicted to processes facilitated by the Internet.[1][66] Based on Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT),[3] Northrup and associates further decompose the internet addiction measure into four addictive processes: Online video game playing, online social networking, online sexual activity, and web surfing.[65] The Internet Process Addiction Test (IPAT)[65] is created to measure the processes to which individuals are addicted.