In 2011–2012, it contributed 63.2% of the state's GDP, agriculture and allied sectors contributed 15.7%, while manufacturing, construction and utilities contributed 21.1%.[108] Around 600 varieties[4]: 5 of rice, which is Kerala's most used staple and cereal crop,[109]: 5 are harvested from 3105.21 km2; a decline from 5883.4 km2 in 1990.[109]: 5 6,88,859 tonnes of rice are produced per year.[6] Other key crops include coconut; 899,198 ha, tea, coffee; 23% of Indian production,[111]: 13 or 57,000 tonnes,[111]: 6–7 rubber, cashews, and spices—including pepper, cardamom, vanilla, cinnamon, and nutmeg.