The 1912 First Balkan War resulted in the loss of almost all of the empire's European territory[7] and the mass expulsion of Muslims from the Balkans;[8] around 350,000 to 400,000 Muslims fled to the Ottoman Empire between 1912 and the Ottoman entry into World War I.[9] Ottoman Muslim society was incensed by the atrocities committed against Balkan Muslims, intensifying anti-Christian sentiment and leading to a desire for revenge.[10] Contemporary historian Arnold Toynbee, in The Western Question in Greece and Turkey (1922), emphasizes the similarities of the expulsion of Ottoman Greeks to that of Balkan Muslims, stating: "the Balkan War[s] had two harvests of victims: first, the Rumili Turks on the one side, and... the Anatolian Greeks on the other".[11] During the Second Balkan War in 1913, Greece seized the Greek-populated islands of Chios, Lesvos, and Limnos near the Anatolian coast.