Around late 1941, two Jewish organizations from Switzerland and Polish diplomats, working with honorary consuls from certain South American countries, started sending documents to the Warsaw Ghetto, hoping to allow Jews in the ghettos to emigrate (as Germans were more lenient towards individuals who could prove to be nationals of neutral countries).[4] However, in many cases the holders of these affidavits and passports were already dead by the time those documents arrived in occupied Poland.[4] Many if not all of those documents were intercepted by the Gestapo, or otherwise ended up in the hands of Jewish Gestapo collaborators from Gestapo-operated Żagiew network (most prominently, Leon Skosowski and Adam Żurawin).[4][5][3]