Through the new medium of the press and with the financial support of their ally Mustafa Fazl Pasha, the Young Ottomans were able to widely circulate their ideas in a number of publications. One of the most important periodicals was Hürriyet ("Freedom"), which was publicized by Namık Kemal and Ziya Pasha beginning in 1868, though many others were published and often took a more radical stance.[21] Other Young Ottoman newspapers included Ulum ("Science"), Inkilab ("Revolution"), and Ibret ("Lesson").[22] These publications voiced dissent and opposition to Ottoman policies that ordinarily would have been stifled. These periodicals circulated widely throughout Europe, having sites of publication in "London, Geneva, Paris, Lyon, and Marseille."[23]