Barnstorming was performed not only by former military men, but also by women, minorities, and women minorities.[6] For example, on July 18, 1915, Katherine Stinson became the first woman in the world to perform a loop.[2] Bessie Coleman, an African-American woman, “not only thrilled audiences with her skills as a barnstormer, but she also became a role model for women and African Americans. Her very presence in the air threatened prevailing contemporary stereotypes. She also fought segregation when she could by using her influence as a celebrity.”[6]