As result, the Italian Co-Belligerent Army was created to fight against the RSI and its German allies, while other Italian troops, loyal to Mussolini, continued to fight alongside the Germans in the National Republican Army. In addition, a large Italian resistance movement started a long guerrilla war against the German and Fascist forces.[12] The Royal-Resistance Italian victory led to the execution of Mussolini, liberation of the country and the birth of the Italian Republic.