Activity (chemistry) Activity coefficient Bromley equation Davies equation Debye–Hückel equation Debye–Hückel theory Double layer (interfacial) Double layer (electrode) Double layer forces Electrical double layer Gouy-Chapman model Flocculation Peptization (the inverse of flocculation) DLVO theory (from Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek) Interface and colloid science Osmotic coefficient Pitzer equations Poisson–Boltzmann equation Specific ion Interaction Theory Salting in Salting out