The transient response is the maximum allowable output voltage variation for a load current step change. The transient response is a function of the output capacitor value ( C OUT {\textstyle C_{\text{OUT}}} ), the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the output capacitor, the bypass capacitor ( C BYP {\textstyle C_{\text{BYP}}} ) that is usually added to the output capacitor to improve the load transient response, and the maximum load-current ( I OUT,MAX {\textstyle I_{\text{OUT,MAX}}} ). The maximum transient voltage variation is defined as follows: