The Umayyad invasion of Gaul from 719 to 759 was a period of intense conflict between the Carolingians and the Umayyads, marked by the Battle of Tours in 732. Umayyad forces were finally expelled from Gaul with the recovery of Narbonne in 759 by Pepin the Short, but the Umayyad presence in Spain continued to represent a strong threat to the Carolingians.