In 1264, Clement IV renewed the prohibition of the Talmud promulgated by Gregory IX, who had it publicly burnt in France and in Italy. Though Clement did not condemn to death at the stake those who harboured copies of it,[7] and, responding to a denunciation of the Talmud by Pablo Christiani,[8] he ordered that the Jews of Aragon submit their books to Dominican censors for expurgation.[9]