Yudkin’s failure to incorporate possible confounding factors in his case-control designs was an area of heavy criticism at the time; apart from other unmeasured known risk factors that might affect cardiovascular disease (CVD), data had emerged soon after, suggesting that sugar intake was associated with smoking, a big risk factor for CVD.[5] Yudkin’s failure to account for confounding factors led to harsh words from Ancel Keys at the time.[6] From the late 2000s, there was a resurgence of interest in his work, following a 2009 YouTube video[7] about sugar and high-fructose corn syrup by the pediatric endocrinologist Robert Lustig, and because of increasing concern about an obesity epidemic and metabolic syndrome.[8][5][6] Pure, White and Deadly was republished in 2012, with a foreword by Lustig.[11]