However the German Supreme Army Command (OHL) fuelled the discontent in their army by conscripting workers already active against the war. At the beginning of 1918 almost a million munition workers struck; one demand was peace without annexations. OHL ordered that "'all strikers fit to bear arms' be sent to the front".[1] The German military archivist Erich Otto Volkmann estimated that in the spring of 1918 about 800,000 to one million soldiers refused to follow the orders of their military superiors.[2] The term "Drückeberger", or shirker, was the term used by the military authorities, a term which had already gained anti-semitic connotations through its previous use in German military propaganda.[2] The German historian Wilhelm Deist has argued that politically motivated militants had organised a verdeckter Militärstreik or hidden army strike.[3]