This was due, in part, to the fact that concern for the fair treatment of victims provided a nexus between disparate, but powerful, social movements. The law and order movement, the civil rights movement, and the feminist movement all challenged the criminal justice system to think more carefully about the role of the victim in criminal proceedings. Supporters of these causes helped form the grassroots foundation of the modern victims' rights movement, providing educational resources and legal assistance, and establishing the country's first hotlines and shelters for victims of crime.[7]