Salivation: stimulation of the salivary glands Lacrimation: stimulation of the lacrimal glands (tearing) Urination: relaxation of the internal sphincter muscle of urethra, and contraction of the detrusor muscles Defecation Gastrointestinal distress: Smooth muscle tone changes causing gastrointestinal problems, including cramping Emesis: Vomiting[4] Miosis[5] constriction of the pupils of the eye via stimulation of the pupillary constrictor muscles Muscle spasm: stimulation of skeletal muscle (due to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation)