Following Abdul Jalil's contentious accession, Minangkabau settlements in Rembau, Sungei Ujong and Naning that existed since mid 15th century, began to challenge Johor's authority. In 1717, Raja Kecil of Siak appeared on the scene, claiming to be the posthumously born son of the assassinated Mahmud Shah II. Backed by the Minangkabau, he was welcomed by many Johor subjects who hoped for the restoration of the Melaka dynasty.[8]