- biblical studies (this range of publications is typical for his early research activities (mainly biblical demonology). He has analyzed the theme of evil spirits in the Bible,[111] presented an exegesis of some fragments of the Gospel of John which has the term άρχων του̃ κόσμου τούτου (‘Lord of this world’).[112] He has examined the connection between biblical demonology and ancient religions of the Middle East,[113] and polemized with the theory of Gerald Messadié (Histoire générale du diable) that biblical demonology directly depends on Persian demonology.[114] In addition to biblical demonology, he has conducted an exegesis of the Lord’s Prayer and other fragments of the New Testament which were incorporated into the Muslim tradition.)[115]