Significant research has also been conducted into the oral applications of Hinokitiol given the increased demand for Hinokitiol based oral products. One such study, affiliated with 8 different institutions in Japan, titled: "Antibacterial Activity of Hinokitiol Against Both Antibiotic-Resistant and -Susceptible Pathogenic Bacteria That Predominate in the Oral Cavity and Upper Airways" came to the conclusion that "hinokitiol exhibits antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and has low cytotoxicity towards human epithelial cells."[43]