Vladimir Rezun, a former officer of the Soviet military intelligence and a defector to the UK, considered the claim in his 1987 book Icebreaker: Who Started the Second World War under the pseudonym Viktor Suvorov[8] and again in several subsequent books. He argued that Soviet ground forces were well-organized and mobilized en masse along the German–Soviet frontier for a Soviet invasion of Europe slated for Sunday, July 6, 1941 but were unprepared to defend their own territory.