The study of background music focuses on the impact of music with non-musical tasks, including changes in behavior in the presence of different types, settings, or styles of music.[63] In laboratory settings, music can affect performance on cognitive tasks (memory, attention, and comprehension), both positively and negatively. Used extensively as an advertising aid, music may also affect marketing strategies, ad comprehension, and consumer choices. Background music can influence learning,[64][65] working memory and recall,[66][67] performance while working on tests,[68][69] and attention in cognitive monitoring tasks.[70][71] Background music can also be used as a way to relieve boredom, create positive moods, and maintain a private space.[72] Background music has been shown to put a restless mind at ease by presenting the listener with various melodies and tones.[72]