The origins of the Bulgars and Dulo clan are not known precisely, and there are many theories about their origin.[1] It is generally considered that they - or at least the elite caste[2] - is intimately related to the origin and activity of the Huns and Western Turkic Khaganate.[3] Particularly, it is said that the Dulo descended from the rulers of Great Bulgaria, which was founded by Khan Asparukh's (679–701) father on the steppes of Ukraine.[4] This state was a centralized monarchy from its inception, unlike previous Hunno-Turkic political entities, which were tribal confederations.[5]