Risks from drug injection are caused by a variety of factors, including unclean or unsafe injection practices and repeated injections at the same site.[6] Injection drug users that fail to adequately sanitize the skin or use clean injection products are at increased risk for cellulitis, abscesses, and thrombophlebitis; these infections can subsequently result in septicemia and bacteremia, which can be fatal if untreated.[6] Repetitive injections, especially those with unsafe practices, can result in additional medical concerns that include thrombosis formation and infectious endocarditis.[6] In rare cases Osteomyelitis of the chest can be caused by IV drug use.