Roman Empire Imperium Romanum (Latin) Senatus populusque Romanus (SPQR) Senate and People of Rome[n 1] Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων (Ancient Greek) Basileía Rhōmaíōn 27 BC – 476 AD (Western) 330–1453 (Eastern) Aureus of Augustus, the first Roman Emperor. Location of Roman Empire The Roman Empire in 117 AD, at its greatest extent.[1] Capital 27 BC – 293 AD: Rome 293–330: Rome (nominal) Western Empire only (in consort with Constantinople) (402–480) Ravenna Whole Empire (330–1453) Constantinople[2] Languages Latin (official until 610) Greek (official after 610) Regional / local languages Religion line-height:1.1em From AD 380: Christianity Government Mixed, functionally absolute monarchy Emperor • 27 BC – AD 14 Augustus (first) • 98–117 Trajan • 284–305 Diocletian • 306–337 Constantine I • 379–395 Theodosius I • 474–480 Julius Neposa • 527–565 Justinian I • 1081–1118 Alexius I • 1449–1453 Constantine XI b Legislature Senate Historical era Classical antiquity to Late Middle Ages • Final War of the Roman Republic 32–30 BC • Empire established 30–2 BC • Empire at its greatest extent AD 117 • Constantinople becomes capital 330 • Final East West divide 395 • Fall of Western Empire 476 • Fourth Crusade 1202–1204 • Fall of Constantinople 29 May 1453 Area • 25 BC[3][4] 2,750,000 km² (1,061,781 sq mi) • 117 AD [3][5] 5,000,000 km² (1,930,511 sq mi) • 390 AD [3] 4,400,000 km² (1,698,849 sq mi) Population • 25 BC[3][6] est. 56,800,000 Density 20.7 /km² (53.5 /sq mi) Currency Sestertius, Aureus, Solidus, Nomismac Preceded by Succeeded by Roman Republic Byzantine Empire Today part of 53 countries Albania Algeria Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Egypt France Georgia Germany Gibraltar Greece Guernsey Hungary Iran Iraq Israel Italy Jersey Jordan Kosovo Kuwait Lebanon Liechtenstein Libya Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Morocco Netherlands Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Saudi Arabia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Switzerland Syria Tunisia Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City a Officially the final emperor of the Western empire. b Last emperor of the Eastern (Byzantine) empire. line-height:0.95em