On 14 May 1919, the Greek army landed in Izmir (Smyrna), which marked the beginning of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922). During the war, the Greek side committed a number of atrocities in western provinces (such as Izmir, Manisa and Uşak),[64] the local Muslim population was subjected to massacre, ravaging and rape.[65] Johannes Kolmodin was a Swedish orientalist in Izmir.