In response, Hitler used the Schutzstaffel (SS) and Gestapo to purge the entire SA leadership.[39] Hitler targeted SA Stabschef (Chief of Staff) Ernst Röhm and other SA leaders who—along with a number of Hitler's political adversaries (such as Gregor Strasser and former chancellor Kurt von Schleicher)—were arrested and shot.[40] Up to 200 people were killed from 30 June to 2 July 1934 in an event that became known as the Night of the Long Knives.[41]