On Scripps Institution of Oceanography's INDOPAC Expedition Leg 3,[41] the chief scientist, Dr. Joseph L. Reid, and oceanographer Arnold W. Mantyla made a hydrocast of a free vehicle[42] (a special-purpose benthic lander (or "baited camera") for measurements of water temperature and salinity) on 27 May 1976 into the western basin of the Challenger Deep, "Station 21," at 11°19.9′N 142°10.8′E﻿ / ﻿11.3317°N 142.1800°E﻿ / 11.3317; 142.1800 at about 10,840 metres (35,560 ft) depth.[43][44] On INDOPAC Expedition Leg 9, under chief scientist A. Aristides Yayanos, Thomas Washington spent nine days from 13–21 January 1977 conducting an extensive and detailed investigation of the Challenger Deep, mainly with biological objectives.[45] "Echo soundings were carried out primarily with a 3.5 kHz single-beam system, with a 12 kHz echosounder operated in addition some of the time," (the 12 kHz system was activated for testing on 16 January).[46] A benthic lander was put into the western basin (11°19.7′N 142°09.3′E﻿ / ﻿11.3283°N 142.1550°E﻿ / 11.3283; 142.1550, on 13 January, bottoming at 10,663 metres (34,984 ft) and recovered 50 hours later in damaged condition. Quickly repaired, it was again put down on the 15th to 10,559 metres (34,642 ft) depth at 11°23.3′N 142°13.8′E﻿ / ﻿11.3883°N 142.2300°E﻿ / 11.3883; 142.2300. It was recovered on the 17th with excellent photography of amphipods (shrimp) from the Challenger Deep’s western basin.