The West African crocodile only received wider recognition as a valid species in 2011. Consequently, captives have typically been confused with other species, especially the Nile crocodile.[9] In Europe, breeding pairs of West African crocodiles live in Copenhagen Zoo, Lyon Zoo and Vivarium de Lausanne, and offspring of the first pair are in Dublin Zoo and Kristiansand Zoo.[15] A study in 2015 that included sixteen captive "Nile crocodiles" in six US zoos (almost 25% of the "Nile crocodiles" in AZA zoos) found that all but one were actually West African crocodiles.[9]