Donald Watts Davies, who went to grammar school in Portsmouth, took over from Alan Turing in developing Britain's early computers, and invented packet switching in the late 1960s at the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington. Packet-switching was taken up by the Americans to form the ARPANET; the first computer network was built by Lawrence Roberts and three others at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory (IBM and AT&T took no interest in the project), built by BBN with Bob Taylor and Paul Baran (who chose the design of packets and nodes) with Interface Message Processors; TCP was invented in 1973 and adopted as standard in 1981.