Next, in collaboration with a thoracic surgeon, Gustaf Lindskog, they injected a related agent, mustine (the prototype nitrogen mustard anticancer chemotherapeutic), into a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.[3] They observed a dramatic reduction in the patient's tumor masses.[4][5] Although the effect lasted only a few weeks, and the patient had to return for another set of treatment, that was the first step to the realization that cancer could be treated by pharmacological agents.[3] Publication of the first clinical trials was reported in 1946 in the New York Times.[6]