After the end of war Julius Ludolf was charged along with sixty other camp personnel in the Mauthausen-Gusen camp trials held before a United States military court at Dachau (part of the Dachau Trials). Apart from overall conditions in the camps, which stood under his responsibility, Ludolf was accused of having on different occasions to have personally struck or killed Polish and Russian prisoners between October 1943 - May 1944. He was also accused of having ordered, in October 1944, that sixteen hospitalized Czech and Slovak prisoners be killed by lethal injection.