Britain and the United States were already aware of German intentions through Magic signals intelligence and on 9 December, Roosevelt gave one of his "fireside chat" national broadcasts in which he said that American people should "Remember always that Germany and Italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the United States at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with Britain or Russia".[10] Churchill spoke in the House of Commons on the morning of 11 December, saying that; "Not only the British Empire now but the United States are fighting for life; Russia is fighting for life, and China is fighting for life. Behind these four great combatant communities are ranged all the free spirit and hopes of all the conquered countries in Europe... It would indeed bring shame upon our generation if we did not teach them a lesson which will not be forgotten in the records of a thousand years".[11]