European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism, also known as Black Ribbon Day in some countries,[1] is an international day of remembrance for victims of totalitarian regimes, specifically Stalinism, communism, Nazism and fascism.[2][3] It is observed on 23 August and symbolizes the rejection of "extremism, intolerance and oppression".[4] It is one of the official remembrance days of the European Union.[4] Under the name Black Ribbon Day it is also an official remembrance day of Canada and the United States, among other countries.[5]