Results of a small, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial were published in November 2012. This research showed that flumazenil provides relief for most patients whose CSF contains the unknown "somnogen" that enhances the function of GABAA receptors, making them more susceptible to the sleep-inducing effect of GABA. For one patient, daily administration of flumazenil by sublingual lozenge and topical cream has proven effective for several years.[19][22] A 2014 case report also showed improvement in idiopathic hypersomnia symptoms after treatment with a continuous subcutaneous flumazenil infusion.[34] The supply of generic flumazenil was initially thought to be too low to meet the potential demand for treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia.[35] However, this scarcity has eased, and dozens of patients are now being treated with flumazenil off-label.[36]