It can also be caused by cancer, such as late-stage ovarian cancers and rectal cancers.[1][2] Abdominal actinomycosis can produce frozen pelvis in its later stages, especially after removal of an intrauterine contraceptive device.[3] Infections (such as pelvic inflammatory disease), internal scars from abdominal surgery, non-cancerous growths, and internal scars from radiation therapy can also cause frozen pelvis.[1] Genital tuberculosis is a relatively common cause of infertility in some countries, such as India, and can cause frozen pelvis.[4][5]