These Reformists were responding to French colonial repression of Islamic culture in Senegal. As Mbacke’ states, the administration's “ultimate aim was to dominate minds” in order to take over the nation, and they saw Islam as standing in their way.[1] Having enforced a secular state, the French also limited the establishment of Qur'anic schools, created secular rather than Islamic curriculum in public schools, restricted public access books on Islamic topics, limited contacts with Senegal and the Middle East, restricted hajj pilgrimages to Mecca, arrested and killed Muslim scholars.[8]