The missile research and development program (Urdu: پاکستان پروگرام برائے مطالعہ و ارتقائے میزائل‎) was the Pakistan Ministry of Defence secretive program for the comprehensive research and the development of guided missiles.[1][2] Initiatives began in 1988 Benazir Bhutto Government in a direct response to equivalent program existed in India[citation needed] and was managed under the scrutiny of the Ministry of Defence in close coordination with the other related institutions.[3][dead link]