Men are also known to have used cosmetics in Roman times, although it was frowned upon by society. Men seen carrying mirrors were viewed as effeminate, while those using face-whitening makeup were thought to be immoral because they were expected to be tanned from working outside.[31] Two of the more acceptable practices were the light use of certain perfumes and moderate hair removal. A man removing too much hair was viewed as effeminate, while removing too little made him seem unrefined.[13] The Romans found it especially inappropriate for an emperor to be vain, as was apparently the case with the Emperor Otho.[32] The Emperor Elagabalus removed all of his body hair and often donned makeup, which caused the Romans much grief.[33]