The research perspective of cities and climate change, started in the 1990s as the international community became increasingly aware of the potential impacts of climate change.[20] Urban studies scholars Michael Hebbert and Vladmir Jankovic argue that this field of research grew out of a larger body of research on the effects of urban development and living on the environment starting as early as the 1950s.[20] Since then, research has indicated relationships between climate change and sustainable urbanization: increase employment cities reduces poverty and increases efficiencies.[21]