Thereafter, he purchased Allach Porcelain, which then began to produce SS memorabilia.[196] Because of the labor shortage and a desire for financial gain, the SS started exploiting concentration camp inmates as slave labor.[197] Most of the SS businesses lost money until Himmler placed them under the administration of Pohl's Verwaltung und Wirtschaftshauptamt Hauptamt (Administration and Business office; VuWHA) in 1939.[191] Even then, most of the enterprises were poorly run and did not fare well, as SS men were not selected for their business experience, and the workers were starving.[198] In July 1940 Pohl established the Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe GmbH (German Businesses Ltd; DWB), an umbrella corporation under which he took over administration of all SS business concerns.[199] Eventually, the SS founded nearly 200 holding companies for their businesses.[200]