In 2011, Turner authored The Metamodernist Manifesto,[1] defining metamodernism as "the mercurial condition between and beyond irony and sincerity, naivety and knowingness, relativism and truth, optimism and doubt, in pursuit of a plurality of disparate and elusive horizons," and concluding with a call to "go forth and oscillate!"[11][12] LaBeouf reached out to Turner in early 2014 after reading the manifesto.[13] At the time, LaBeouf was involved in a plagiarism controversy after using the work of graphic novelist Daniel Clowes without credit in his 2012 short film, Howard Cantour.com.[14] Turner subsequently introduced LaBeouf to Rönkkö, and the trio began their collaboration,[15] embarking on a series of actions described by Dazed as "a multi-platform meditation on celebrity and vulnerability."[16]