Bioactive paper is a paper-based sensor that can identify various contaminants in food and water. First developed in 2009, bioactive paper research has been ongoing and in 2011 was awarded a 5-year grant totalling $7.5 million CAD.[1] It has been developed at the biosensor stage level, which means it can detect pesticides[2] but is not yet able to repel and deactivate toxins.