At the end of 2009, the population of Tianjin Municipality was 12.28 million, of which 9.8 million were residential holders of Tianjin hukou (permanent residence). Among Tianjin permanent residents, 5.99 million were urban, and 3.81 million were rural.[45] Tianjin has recently shifted to rapid population growth, its population had reached 14.72 million as of 2013[update] end.[46]