From 1915 onward, "second era" Klansmen initiated cross burnings (adapted from[43] scenes in the 1915 film Birth of a Nation), not only to intimidate targets, but also to demonstrate their respect and reverence for Jesus Christ.[43] The ritual of lighting crosses was steeped in Christian symbolism, including prayer and hymn singing.[43] Modern Klan organizations remain associated with acts of domestic terrorism in the United States.[44]