Vinnell-Brown & Root (VBR) Regional Manager John Gandy was killed in his Istanbul office in February 1991 by a Dev Sol team that gained access to the office building by wearing Turkish National Police (TNP) uniforms.[citation needed] After tying Gandy to a chair, the Dev Sol operatives shot him multiple times in the head. They then wrote anti-US graffiti on the office walls in the victim's blood.