A vaginal yeast infection results from overgrowth of candida albicans, or yeast, in the vagina.[1] This is a relatively common infection, with over 75% of women having experienced at least one yeast infection at some point in their life.[22] Risk factors for yeast infections include recent antibiotic use, diabetes, immunosuppression, increased estrogen levels, and use of certain contraceptive devices including intrauterine devices, diaphragms, or sponges.[21][23] It is not a sexually transmitted infection. Candida vaginal infections are common; an estimated 75% of women will have at least one yeast infection in their lifetime.[23] Vaginal discharge is not always present in yeast infections, but when occurring it is typically odorless, thick, white, and clumpy.[21] Vaginal itching is the most common symptom of candida vulvovaginitis.[21] Women may also experience burning, soreness, irritation, pain during urination, or pain during sex.[23] The diagnosis of Candida vulvovaginitis is made by looking at a sample taken from the vagina under the microscope that shows hyphae (yeast), or from a culture.[24] It is important to note that the symptoms described above may be present in other vaginal infections, so microscopic diagnosis or culture is needed to confirm the diagnosis.[23] Treatment is with intra-vaginal or oral anti-fungal medications.[23]