The genocide took the lives of three million Polish Jews,[10] half of all Jews killed during the Holocaust. The extermination camps played a central role in Germany's systematic murder of over 90% of Poland's Jewish population,[11] and of Jews whom Germany transported to their deaths from western and southern Europe. During the war, the Germans also killed 1.8 to 1.9 million non-Jewish ethnic Poles,[5] as well as 870,000 to 970,000 other Polish civilians, for a total of around 2.77 million non-Jewish Polish civilians and 5,770,000 Poles in total.[5][6]