Acute promyelocytic leukemia represents 10-12% of AML cases.[10] The median age is approximately 30–40 years,[24] which is considerably younger than the other subtypes of AML (70 years). Incidence is higher among individuals of Latin American or South European origin.[25] It can also occur as a secondary malignancy in those that receive treatment with topoisomerase II inhibitors (such as the anthracyclines and etoposide) due to the carcinogenic effects of these agents, with patients with breast cancer representing the majority of such patients.[26][27][28] Around 40% of patients with APL also have a chromosomal abnormality such as trisomy 8 or isochromosome 17 which do not appear to impact on long-term outcomes.[1]