Integrated literacy involves pairing literacy efforts with economic development.[12] Mali took part in UNESCO's Experimental World Literacy Program from 1965 to 1975 which involved integrated literacy programs.[12] This was part of a larger effort to incorporate educational reform into government policy.[12] This initiative transformed classrooms into a source of learning about the various economic spheres of Mali and also allowed students to pursue their entrepreneurial goals.[12] According to a study about integrated literacy in rural Mali, developments in integrated literacy for Bambara speakers led to economic growth in Mali.[12]