Fertility rate is highest in Malappuram district (2.2) and lowest in Pathanamthitta district (1.3).[87] In 2001, Muslims had the TFR of 2.6 as against 1.5 for Hindus and 1.7 for Christians.[88] The state also is regarded as the "least corrupt Indian state" according to the surveys conducted by CMS Indian Corruption Study (CMS-ICS)[89] Transparency International (2005)[90] and India Today (1997).[91] Kerala has the lowest homicide rate among Indian states, with 1.1 per 100,000 in 2011.[92] In respect of female empowerment, some negative factors such as higher suicide rate, lower share of earned income, child marriage,[93] complaints of sexual harassment and limited freedom are reported.[9] The child marriage is lower in Kerala.