Vowels and codas Devanāgarī Transcription Category अ a A monophthongs and syllabic liquids आ ā Ā इ i I ई ī Ī उ u U ऊ ū Ū ऋ ṛ Ṛ ॠ ṝ Ṝ ऌ ḷ Ḷ ॡ ḹ Ḹ ए e E diphthongs ऐ ai Ai ओ o O औ au Au ं ṃ Ṃ anusvara ः ḥ Ḥ visarga ँ ˜ chandrabindu[2] ऽ ' avagraha