History Evidences Bronze Age Bronze Age evidence in Al-Hijr Archaeological site- Tumulus tombs dates C14 2113/1892 BCE Ancient North Arabian Kingdoms (DEDAN) Capital city Water management and Development of agriculture (date palm introduced) Prosperity from incense trade to Mesopotamia Ancient North Arabian scripts (Jabal Ikma) Nabataean Kingdom (Hegra) Functioned as the southern capital Spectacular carved tomb facades Water management Prosperity from incense trade to the Mediterranean Roman presence Fort at Hegra Southernmost limit of Roman Empire Islamic period (QURH, AlUla) Prosperity from trade and pilgrimage Water management Ottoman presence Hijaz railway with several halts in the region to modernize pilgrim travel Forts to protect pilgrim travel