PHB is a biodegradable bioplastic that has applications for food packaging due to being non-toxic.[13] Repurposed E. coli, as well as Halomonas boliviensis, have been shown to produce PHB.[14][15] PHB production starting from carbon dioxide in a co-culture between S. elongatus and H. boliviensis has proven to be a stable continually-productive pair for 5 months without the aid of antibiotics.[14]