Since 1997, US courts have divided price fixing into two categories: vertical and horizontal maximum price fixing.[8] Vertical price fixing includes a manufacturer's attempt to control the price of its product at retail.[9] In State Oil Co. v. Khan,[10] the US Supreme Court held that vertical price fixing is no longer considered a per se violation of the Sherman Act, but horizontal price fixing is still considered a breach of the Sherman Act. Also in 2008, the defendants of United States v LG Display Co., United States v. Chunghwa Picture Tubes, and United States v. Sharp Corporation,!heard in the Northern District of California, agreed to pay a total sum of $585 million to settle their prosecutions for conspiring to fix prices of liquid crystal display panels. That was the second largest amount awarded under the Sherman Act in history.[8]