This species is threatened by the destruction of its habitat to make way for agriculture and to plant vineyards, pine or eucalyptus plantations.[1][2] Like other perennial oaks in the Iberian Peninsula, Quercus rotundifolia is also affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi, that is becoming more dangerous due to the increased frequency and duration of droughts associated with climate changes and especially in Portugal, a decline for the taxa has been reported.[1][3] The tree is also affected by wildfires,[1] though it regenerates well from resprouts after it.[7] The leaves are also eaten by case moth caterpillars, but the tree is not particularly threatened by them.[7] In New Zealand, the caterpillar of the puriri moth has also been observed to feed on the tree's bark.[7] The tree is notably resistant to honey fungus.[11]