Except where stated, the list of INS numbers and associated food additives is based on the most recent publication of the Codex Alimentarius, Class Names and the International Numbering System for Food Additives, first published in 1989, with revisions in 2008 and 2011. E number and American approval flags are derived from other sources. In the table below, food additives approved for the EU are listed with an 'E',[2] and those approved for Australia and New Zealand with an 'A'.[3][4] and for the US with a U, even though the US does not use the INS numbering system.