The black-and-tan element usually won the factional battle, but as scalawags lost intra-party battles, many started voting for the conservative or Democratic tickets. The Republican Party became "blacker and blacker over time", as it lost white voters.[22] The most dramatic episode was the Brooks–Baxter War in Arkansas in 1874.[23] Michael Les Benedict says, "Every modern history of Reconstruction stresses its [factionalism] contribution to the collapse of southern Republicanism."[24] In terms of racial issues, Sarah Woolfolk Wiggins argues: