The creation scene in James Whale's 1931 film Frankenstein makes use of electricity to bring the monster to life.[24] Shelley's idea of reanimation through electric shock was based on the physiology experiments of Luigi Galvani, who noted that a shock made the leg of a dead frog twitch. Electric shock is now routinely used in pacemakers, maintaining heart rhythm, and defibrillators, restoring heart rhythm.[25]