History Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi wrote Al-Mughrib fī ḥulā l-Maghrib citing much of what was published in the field beforehand. Geography and travel writing Muhammad al-Idrisi stood out in geography and in travel writing: , Ibn Jubayr, and Mohammed al-Abdari al-Hihi. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the sciences—such as mathematics, astronomy, pharmacology, botany, and medicine—flourished.