Angevin Empire/Kingdom of England 12th-16th c. Republic of Genoa 1099–1380 Republic of Venice 1204–1489 Crown of Castile 1230–1480 Crown of Aragon 1340s – 1480s Poland-Lithuania 1386–1572 Papal States 14th/15th c. Kalmar Union 1397–1523 Kingdom of Sicily 1130–1816 Kingdom of Portugal 12th–17th c.