The Insurrection Act The Militia Act of 1862 Providing for the service of persons of African descent in the Militia, and the emancipation of slaves owned by Confederates. Title 18, U.S. Code, Section 1385: The Posse Comitatus Act of June 18, 1878 Reaction in Congress against the Reconstruction-era suspensions of Southern states' rights to organize militias led to the passage of the Posse Comitatus Act, restricting any person's use of the U.S. Army and, as later amended, the U.S. Air Force in domestic law enforcement (use of the Navy and Marine Corps, being uniformed services within the Department of Defense, is similarly restricted by statute).[57] The U.S. Coast Guard, in its peacetime role within the Department of Homeland Security, and the National Guard, when not in Federal Service, are specifically not limited by this act. The States revise the military codes – 1881 to 1892 The Militia Act of 1903 Established the creation of the National Guard of the United States as the primary organized reserve force for the U.S. armed forces.