The follow-up IOM (2004) report, Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century, advised rapid adoption of electronic patient records, electronic medication ordering, with computer- and internet-based information systems to support clinical decisions.[30] However, many system implementations have experienced costly failures.[31] Furthermore, there is evidence that CPOE may actually contribute to some types of adverse events and other medical errors.[32] For example, the period immediately following CPOE implementation resulted in significant increases in reported adverse drug events in at least one study,[33] and evidence of other errors have been reported.[5][34][35] Collectively, these reported adverse events describe phenomena related to the disruption of the complex adaptive system resulting from poorly implemented or inadequately planned technological innovation.