Training by punishment is not effective, as cats are likely to react with fear and stress, thus often resulting in behaviour problems.[1][5] People sometimes unintentionally reinforce undesired behavior, like loud meowing or complaining for attention.[6] Therefore, most trainers encourage cat owners to use positive reinforcement training only, rewarding the cat for desired or "good" behavior, and offering them alternative options or distractions (instead of punishment) for undesired behavior.[4][7] Training a cat involves motivation, cooperation, time, and patience from the human.[8]