The company originates from a number of journals and publishing houses, notably Springer-Verlag, which was founded in 1842 by Julius Springer in Berlin[4] (the grandfather of Bernhard Springer who founded Springer Publishing in 1950 in New York),[5] Nature Publishing Group which publishes Nature since 1869,[6] and Macmillan Education, which goes back to Macmillan Publishers founded in 1843.[7]