Vinblastine and vincristine, chemotherapy medications used to treat several types of cancers, are found in the plant [24][25][26][27] and are biosynthesised from the coupling of the alkaloids catharanthine and vindoline.[28] The newer semi-synthetic chemotherapeutic agent vinorelbine, used in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer,[26][29] can be prepared either from vindoline and catharanthine[26][30] or from the vinca alkaloid leurosine,[31] in both cases via anhydrovinblastine.[30] The insulin-stimulating vincoline has been isolated from the plant.[32][33]