Possibly the first person to define the problem as a "cultural genocide" was Adrian Zenz, a German academic when in July 2019 he published an article in the Journal of Political Risk entitled "Break Their Roots: Evidence for China’s Parent-Child Separation Campaign in Xinjiang".[180] James Leibold, a professor at Australia's La Trobe University, in July 2019 called the treatment of Uyghurs by the Chinese government a "cultural genocide" and stated that "in their own words, party officials are 'washing brains' and 'cleansing hearts' to 'cure' those bewitched by extremist thoughts."[11]