Although Sherry says the Irish version was first published in An tÓglach (the magazine of the Irish Defence Forces) on 3 November 1923,[5][56] an almost identical text was printed in the Freeman's Journal on 3 April 1923, under Ó Rinn's pen name "Coinneach".[57][58] It may have been written as early as 1917.[5][59] Ó Rinn's grandson Nial claims Liam started work on a translation while interned in Frongoch after the 1916 Rising.[3] Several other translations had been made by 1923, which Ó Rinn criticised as unreadable.[57] These were in literary Classical Irish, whereas Ó Rinn favoured the living vernacular spoken in Gaeltacht areas.[57] On the other hand, Ó Rinn's Irish was a second language which some native speakers found inelegant.[7] "Rosc Catha na nÓglach", T. F. O'Rahilly's translation,[61] was used by Conradh na Gaeilge in the early 1920s;[62] in 1924, Padraig de Burca said it "deserves more favour than it has received".[63] Other translations included one sung by Claisceadal in University College Galway in December 1931,[64] and others by Pádraig Mac Cárthaigh,[65] Sean Dubhthaigh,[66] Seamus Mac Grianna[67], and Ernest Blythe.[67] From the 1930s, the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) encouraged singing the anthem in Irish at its matches.[5] The text of the Ó Rinn version was printed in 1933 in An Camán,[n 6][5] and in the programs of GAA matches at Croke Park, where the crowd was led via the public address system by singers from St Patrick's College of Education and Conradh na Gaeilge.[69] Also in 1933 Eamonn O'Neill suggested in the Dáil that schoolchildren should be taught the words in both English and Irish.[70]