Half of its members were appointed by the Tsar from persons distinguished at civil and military service, and half by elections from various categories of society, separately:* 56 seats from Zemstvo (1 from each guberniya),* 18 seats from Assemblies of Nobility,* 6 seats from the Russian Orthodox Church: 3 of them from white clergy, and 3 from black clergy (monks),* 12 seats from stock exchange committees, chambers of commerce and business associations,* 6 seats from the Russian Academy of Sciences,* 2 seats from the Parliament of Finland, which refused to send delegates.