Kemalism (the beliefs associated with the founder of modern Turkey, Musfafa Kemal Atutűrk) is unique among all Muslim reform movements in that it transformed not only the public sphere, but also the private sphere – the domain of mothers, wives, sisters, daughters. In the 1920’s and 1930’s – the years of Atutűrk’s rule -- the “new Turkish women” became the icon of the modern, secular regime.