To be sure, history never repeats itself, but could some kind of neo-Ottoman order be the best answer to the risk of “Arab chaos”? Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s Turkey already plays a growing role in the region, and has strengthened its image with ordinary Arabs by taking a muscular diplomatic position against Israel’s deadly military assault in June 2010 on a Gaza-bound aid flotilla that had been organized by a Turkish charity.