But to compete with the world’s economic powerhouses, like China, we also needed to improve the overall quality of our labor stock. From the 2002-03 academic year to 2012-13, gross schooling rates (which includes students whose age exceeds or falls short of the official age group) increased from 96.5% to 107.6% in primary education; 80.8% to 96.8% in secondary education; and 35.8% to 92.1% in higher education.