Now that Kennan’s prediction has all but come to pass, the parties to the conflict would be wise to take a lesson from the diplomatic efforts that helped bring the original Cold War to an end – in particular, the 1990 Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE). NATO enlargement may have rendered the treaty’s detailed provisions obsolete, but its underlying approach – a transparent inspections regime that enforces limitations on the overall quantity and, crucially, the regional concentrations of ground forces – remains applicable today.