Finally, growing economic insecurity is creating a backlash against trade and globalization, which may significantly alter attitudes towards China. As Americans and other Westerners increasingly perceive China as a country unable to address its political problems and addicted to growth at all costs, the Chinese government appears to be reverting to a national narrative of victimization that has poisonous roots in China’s perception of historical events such as the 1899-1901 Boxer rebellion.