Indeed, the Arab Union estimates that the lack of regional integration costs each country two percentage points of annual GDP growth, while the African Economic Commission reckons that if a Maghreb Union existed, the five countries would each gain 5% of GDP. And the World Bank estimates that deeper integration, including liberalization of services and reform of investment rules would have increased per capita real GDP in 2005-2015 by 34% for Algeria, 27% for Morocco, and 24% for Tunisia.