Asked whether they considered themselves “Iraqis, above all” or “Muslims, above all,” the 2006 survey found that 28% of Iraqis identified themselves as “Iraqis, above all,” up from 23% in 2004. In the capital, Baghdad, the center of so much sectarian violence, the numbers were even more impressive, with the share of the population who saw themselves as “Iraqis, above all” doubling, from 30% to 60%.