In Austria, even liberals admit that an endless succession of social democratic and Christian democratic governments has clogged the political system’s arteries, making it difficult for smaller parties to penetrate what is seen as a bastion of political privilege. The same is true in The Netherlands, which has been governed for decades by the same middle-of-the-road parties, led by benevolent but rather paternalistic figures, whose views about “multiculturalism,” “tolerance,” and “Europe,” were, until recently, rarely challenged.