The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën), was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795. It preceded the Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands. Alternative names include the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata). 

Until the 16th century, the Low Countries – corresponding roughly to the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg – consisted of a number of duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics, almost all of which were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire, with the exception of the county of Flanders, which was under the Kingdom of France.

Now, provide a numbered list of answers to these questions:

1. What is this article about?
2. When did it begin?
3. What happened in 1795?
4. Does it have other names?
5. What is one of them?
6. What are the Low Countries?
7. What are they known as in modern day?
8. What makes up these countries?
9. Who ruled them?
10. Were there any exceptions?
11. What was this?
12. Who ruled Flanders?
13. What is the population of The Dutch Republic?
14. Were they ever under Spanish rule?

Numbered answers:
1. Dutch Republic
2. 1581
3. separated
4. yes
5. Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
6. Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
7. Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
8. duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics
9. Holy Roman Empire
10. yes
11. Flanders
12. France
13. unknown
14. unknown