In psychology, memory is the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Encoding allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the form of chemical and physical stimuli. In the first stage the information must be changed so that it may be put into the encoding process. Storage is the second memory stage or process. This entails that information is maintained over short periods of time. Finally the third process is the retrieval of information that has been stored. Such information must be located and returned to the consciousness. Some retrieval attempts may be effortless due to the type of information, and other attempts to remember stored information may be more demanding for various reasons. 

Short-term memory is believed to rely mostly on an acoustic code for storing information, and to a lesser extent a visual code. Conrad (1964) found that test subjects had more difficulty recalling collections of letters that were acoustically similar (e.g. E, P, D). Confusion with recalling acoustically similar letters rather than visually similar letters implies that the letters were encoded acoustically. Conrad's (1964) study, however, deals with the encoding of written text; thus, while memory of written language may rely on acoustic components, generalisations to all forms of memory cannot be made.

1. How many codes does short term memory entail?
2. What are they?
3. Would the visual code be the most vital?
4. Who did a study to determine that?
5. Were people more likely to remember letters that sounded similar or different?
6. Was there as big a difference when reading letters?
7. What did his study show?
8. Can it be generalized to cover all types of memory?
9. Which kind can it be used for?
10. What year did he come to these conclusions?
11. Is encoding a part of the memory process?
12. How many other components are there?
13. What are those?
14. How many types of stimuli are involved?
15. Chemical is one, what is the other?
16. What needs to happen first to the information received?
17. What occurs next?
18. What would that be?
19. Which process would be last?
20. Where does information need to be taken back to in that step?

Numbered answers:
1. Two
2. acoustic code and visual code.
3. no
4. Conrad
5. more difficulty recalling similar
6. yes
7. memory of written language may rely on acoustic components
8. no
9. Short-term memory
10. 1964
11. yes
12. Two
13. stored, and retrieved
14. Two
15. physical
16. the information must be changed
17. Storage
18. information is maintained over short periods of time
19. retrieval
20. to consciousness.