Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment." In Everson v. Board of Education (1947), Justice Hugo Black wrote: "In the words of Thomas Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state." 

Many early immigrant groups traveled to America to worship freely, particularly after the English Civil War and religious conflict in France and Germany. They included nonconformists like the Puritans, who were Protestant Christians fleeing religious persecution from the Anglican King of England. Despite a common background, the groups' views on religious toleration were mixed. While some such as Roger Williams of Rhode Island and William Penn of Pennsylvania ensured the protection of religious minorities within their colonies, others like the Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony had established churches. The Dutch colony of New Netherland established the Dutch Reformed Church and outlawed all other worship, though enforcement was sparse. Religious conformity was desired partly for financial reasons: the established Church was responsible for poverty relief, putting dissenting churches at a significant disadvantage.

1. after what did a a lot of migrants travel?
2. where did they go?
3. who were they?
4. why did they leave home?
5. who persecuted them?
6. did they all share the same viewpoint on theology?
7. did some protect different ideas?
8. who was one?
9. from where?
10. and another?
11. from?
12. who banned other worshiping?
13. what court is discussed?
14. are any cases cited?
15. how many?
16. is there another?
17. what?
18. from what year?
19. is a judge mentioned?
20. who?

Provide a numbered list of answers.
1. English Civil War
2. traveled to America
3. nonconformists like the Puritans
4. fleeing religious persecution
5. Anglican King of England.
6. No
7. yes
8. Roger Williams
9. Rhode Island
10. William Penn
11. Pennsylvania
12. The Dutch colony of New Netherland
13. Supreme Court.
14. Yes
15. Reynolds v. United States
16. Yes
17. Everson v. Board of Education
18. 1947
19. Yes
20. Justice Hugo Blac