Answer the questions at the end based on the text.

Macmillan Publishers Ltd (occasionally known as the Macmillan Group) is an international publishing company owned by Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. It has offices in 41 countries worldwide and operates in more than thirty others. 

Macmillan was founded in 1843 by Daniel and Alexander Macmillan, two brothers from the Isle of Arran, Scotland. Daniel was the business brain, while Alexander laid the literary foundations, publishing such notable authors as Charles Kingsley (1855), Thomas Hughes (1859), Francis Turner Palgrave (1861), Christina Rossetti (1862), Matthew Arnold (1865) and Lewis Carroll (1865). Alfred Tennyson joined the list in 1884, Thomas Hardy in 1886 and Rudyard Kipling in 1890. 

Other major writers published by Macmillan included W. B. Yeats, Rabindranath Tagore, Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Seán O'Casey, John Maynard Keynes, Charles Morgan, Hugh Walpole, Margaret Mitchell, C. P. Snow, Rumer Godden and Ram Sharan Sharma. 

Beyond literature, the company created such enduring titles as "Nature" (1869), the "Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians" (1877) and Sir Robert Palgrave's "Dictionary of Political Economy" (1894–99). 

Macmillan established an office in New York City. It sold its American division in 1896, which published as the Macmillan Company. 

Macmillan Publishers re-entered the American market in 1954 under the name St. Martin's Press.

1. What year was Macmillan founded?
2. By who?

Numbered answers:
1. 1843
2. Daniel and Alexander Macmillan