Passage: In many cases and with increasing frequency, childbirth is achieved through induction of labour or caesarean section. Caesarean section is the removal of the neonate through a surgical incision in the abdomen, rather than through vaginal birth. Childbirth by C-Sections increased 50% in the US from 1996 to 2006.  In 2011, 32.8 percent of births in the US were delivered by cesarean section. Induced births and elective cesarean before 39 weeks can be harmful to the neonate as well as harmful or without benefit to the mother. Therefore, many guidelines recommend against non-medically required induced births and elective cesarean before 39 weeks.  The 2012 rate of labour induction in the United States was 23.3 percent, and has more than doubled from 1990 to 2010.  Pitocin is commonly used to induce uterine contractions.  A large review of methods of induction was published in 2011.The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines recommend a full evaluation of the maternal-fetal status, the status of the cervix, and at least a 39 completed weeks (full term) of gestation for optimal health of the newborn when considering elective induction of labour.  Per these guidelines, the following conditions may be an indication for induction, including:

Question: In what year was the labour induction rate 23.3 percent?
2012