Article: In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly set forth the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which is a list of human rights inherent to all people. Members of the UN pledged to protect and promote these rights. The largest concentration of rights in the UDHR can be categorized as “civil rights,” which are rights related to one’s physical integrity and protection under the law. The first 18 tenets of the UDHR set forth individual’s civil rights, which include:  The right to equality and the right to life, liberty, and personal security. Freedom from discrimination, slavery, and from torture and degrading treatment. The right to recognition as a person before the law and equality under the law. The right to a remedy from a competent tribunal and to a fair public hearing. Freedom from arbitrary arrest and exile and from interference with privacy, family, home and correspondence. The right to be considered innocent until proven guilty. The right to free movement in and out of one’s own country and the right to asylum from persecution in other countries. The right to a nationality and the freedom to change it. The right to marriage and family, and to own property. Freedom of belief and religion. Human rights that are political in nature include those rights related to a person’s participation in government and the freedom from governmental intrusion. These rights are set forth in Articles 19 to 21 of the UDHR and include:  Freedom of opinion and expression and the right to information. Freedom of peaceful assembly and association. The right to participate in government, equal access to public service in his or her country, and the right to vote in free elections. These rights establish the conditions that are necessary for individuals to prosper and to have an adequate standard of living. Articles 22 to 26 of the UDHR set forth economic and social rights, which include:  The right to social security. The right to participate in desirable work and to join trade unions. The right to rest and leisure and an adequate living standard for one’s health and well-being. The right to education, which is free during elementary and fundamental stages of development. Article 27 of the UDHR sets forth a person’s cultural rights. These rights include the right to participate in the cultural life of the community and the protection of the moral and material interest in a person’s own scientific, literary or artistic production.
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Recognize civil rights. Identify political rights. Recognize economic and social rights. Be aware of cultural rights.