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List the procedure for testing your hypothesis. Identify your independent and dependent variables. Design your experiment so that it isolates the cause of the phenomenon. Maintain impeccable records. Run your experiment and gather quantified results.

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List step by step exactly what you will do to test your hypothesis. This step is not only important for making sure you’re correctly testing your hypothesis, but will also allow yourself and others to repeat your experiment.  For example, you should list precisely how much soil you put in each pot, how much water you give each plant and how often, and how much sunlight each plant receives (measured in watts per square meter). Reproducibility is one of the key underpinnings of the scientific method, so it’s important that you lay out exactly how your experiment is conducted to ensure that others can copy it and try to get the same results. Your experiment should test the effect of one thing (your independent variable) on another thing (your dependent variable). Identify what your independent and dependent variables and determine how you’ll measure them in your experiment. For example, in the potted plant experiment, the independent variable would be the amount of sunlight each plant is exposed to. Your dependent variable would be the height of each plant. Your experiment needs to either confirm or fail to confirm your hypothesis, so it needs to be carried out in such a way that the cause of the phenomenon can be isolated and identified. In other words, it should be “controlled.”  For example, you can design an experiment in which you place 3 different potted plants (of the same species) in 3 different locations: 1 on the windowsill, 1 in the same room but in an area with less direct sunlight, and 1 in a darkened closet. You would then record how tall each plant grows at the end of each week for a 6-week period. Be sure you're only testing a single phenomenon at a time. All other variables should be constant across your samples. For example, all 3 of your plants should be in the same size pots with the same type and amount of soil. They should also get the same amount of water at the same time each day. For some complex questions, there may be hundreds or thousands of potential causes and it can be difficult or impossible to isolate them in any single experiment. Other people must be able to set up a test in the same way that you did and get the same result. Make sure you keep very thorough records that document the experiment, the procedure you follow, and the data you collect. It’s very important that you make it possible for other scientists to precisely copy everything you did when they repeat your experiment. This allows them to rule out that your results came from any discrepancies or mistakes. Once you’ve designed your experiment, you’ll need to carry it out. Make sure your results are gathered in quantified metrics that allow you to analyze them and allow others to try to repeat your experiment objectively.  In the potted plant example, place each plant in the areas with differing amounts of sunlight that you selected. If the plants have already grown above the soil line, record their initial height. Water each plant with the exact same amount of water on a daily basis. At the end of each 7-day period, record each plant’s height. You should run your experiment several times to make sure that your own results are consistent and to weed out any anomalies. There’s no set number of times you need to repeat an experiment, but you should aim to repeat it at least twice.