The first sentence of each paragraph should state what the paragraph is about. The subsequent sentences should explain the topic in more detail and provide evidence. In this way, you move from general to specific information. For example, a topic sentence could be, “Above average rainfall contributes to increased likelihood of landslides.” The subsequent sentences could discuss how much the likelihood is increased based on the amount of rain, and how this was determined. Explain how you collected data and information for your investigation. List the methods used, like research or lab testing, as well as the sources, such as lab reports or interviews. Tell the audience what you observed or discovered and draw conclusions based on facts. For instance, you could write, “World population and landlocked state population density statistics were obtained from 2 sources. The mean population density was calculated for each set of data.” Then, detail the method used to find the mean density, state both mean densities, and compare them. Evidential support should be relevant and detailed. Statistics, lab reports, and mathematical conclusions are examples of good sources of evidence. For instance, if writing about volcanic eruptions, provide findings from a lab report that explain the composition of samples taken from a volcanic site or eruption. You may have graphs, charts, or images that help explain your subject. If so, include them in the appendices and label them clearly. Don’t forget to discuss the materials in the text as well to explain their significance. Maps or photographs of the area may be particularly helpful for a geographical report.  For example, include a photo of a landslide and list where and when it took place. Alternatively, add a link to video footage of a volcano. Restate the question or subject, then summarize the methods you used to answer the question or explore the subject. State your findings and discuss impacts or ramifications of your research. Use your conclusion to connect all the information you provided. For instance, list all the factors that contribute to a landslide. Discuss how landslides affect animal and human populations as well as their impact on the environment. You need to tell the readers what the paper is about, and why it matters, in the introduction. Explain how and where the study was carried out, and define any pertinent terms that the audience needs to know. Outline the structure of the report as well.  For example, if writing about population density, define “landlocked states” and explain what units would be used to discuss population density (such as people per square mile).  It’s actually better to write your introduction last, rather than first! That way you’ll be able to quickly outline what’s to follow.

Summary:
Begin each paragraph with a topic sentence. Detail your methodology and findings. Provide accurate and specific evidence. Include relevant materials or media. End with a strong conclusion. State your research question or subject in the introduction.