Now, before we actually build a relationship and show how the cell voltage relates to GIBS free energy, let's examine something called electrical work. Now, we already spoke about electrical work when we spoke about electromotive force, but let's revisit this topic because it becomes important. So voltaic cells or electrochemical cells convert chemical energy into electrical potential energy that can be used to do work, for example, para light bulb or para motor. Now, this electrical potential energy is also known as electrical work. And we can express electrical work mathematically by equaling this guy to charge of an object or a system times our cell voltage. So if we're talking about cells and electrochemical cells, our charge refers to all the possible charge in our battery in our chemical cell or electric chemical cells.