This is what we mean by sodium linked secondary active transport, and we'll see exactly what that looks like in just a moment. On the other hand, fructose can easily pass across the cell membrane by using a special type of integral protein that allows the passive diffusion of fructose into the cytoplasm of the cell. So fructose can easily move into the cell via an integral protein, and it doesn't actually use any ATP molecules. And once fructose is inside the cytoplasm, the majority of the fructose is broken down into glucose. Now, what about glucose and galactose? Now, before glucose and galactose can actually move into the cytoplasm of the cell, and by the way, this is our single antarocyte, before they move into the cytoplasm, something has to happen on the other side of the membrane.