So how exactly can we take that novel gene, the recombinant gene that we create in a lab, and insert it inside that plasma? Well, we have to use restriction enzymes. Restriction and the nucleases, these are the enzymes that are able to actually cleave our DNA molecule at specific locations. And by using different restriction enzymes, we can basically place insert that DNA fragment into different sections along our plasmid. So a DNA fragment of interest, the recombinant DNA for example, can be inserted into a plasmid by using restriction enzymes, we can use different restriction enzymes to insert the fragment at different locations along that plasmid. Now, if we use a restriction enzyme that cuts along a gene and we insert that DNA molecule into a gene in the middle of a gene, that will essentially inactivate that gene.