And these genes basically code for specific types of proteins. And once the proteins are produced, the proteins can either interact with other genes or the proteins can be used to basically produce some type of trait to express some type of phenotype characteristics of the adult individual. Now, in this lecture, we're going to focus on two important phenomenon that exists in genetics. We're going to discuss a concept, a phenomenon known as playotropy, and we're also going to look at episodes. So let's begin by describing what playotropy is. So playotropy is the process by which a pair of alleles on a single locus on some homologous chromosome affects the expression of more than one type of trait, of many different types of traits.