And together, these components play a role to basically absorb and dissipate the impact forces and prevent any type of damage. The question is, how is this actually achieved? Well, to see how that is achieved, let's take a look at the following three diagrams. And remember that these projections, the red projections and these brown projections all consist of these repeating disaccharide units. And these repeating disaccharide units, this one and this one, contain these modified side chain groups that have negative charges. Now what does that mean?