Now we see that these types of mutated genes that lead to the production of these cells that have cancer characteristics are known as oncology. So this is what an oncogene actually is. Now let's move on to two. So if there is an abnormality in this process, how can that lead to cancer? So we said that phosphatases are these proteins which are used to reverse the effects of protein kinases and that essentially shuts down this process. Now, just like any other protein in our chromosomes, in our DNA, we have genes that code for phosphatases.