So we basically conclude that the reason this enzyme displays Cooperativity is because the individual subunits of this enzyme actually interact with one another. And by binding of the substrate molecule, we essentially shift the equilibrium from the T state to the R state. Now, in order to regulate the activity of this enzyme inside our cells, in order to actually turn on or turn off the activity of the cell of this enzyme, our cells use these two regulatory effectors. CTP and ATP bind to the same regulatory chains. Those allosteric sites found on these red regulatory chains, but they have opposite effects. CTP creates a negative feedback loop that basically decreases the activity, inhibits the activity of this enzyme.