So, let's begin with the PH effect. And let's focus on this blue curve here. So as of now, we're not focusing on increasing or decreasing the CO2 concentration. We're only increasing, we're only focusing on the PH effect, increasing the H plus ion. So why is it that when we increase the H plus ions in the red blood cells and in our blood system, why is it that the curve shifts to the right? How do these H plus ions actually affect that hemoglobin molecule?