The hemoglobin molecules are the hemoglobin molecules in their deoxygenated state and we'll discuss why that. So in just a moment begin to aggregate with one another to form long sickle shape fibers. And this in turn transforms the health feed normal by concave shape of the red blood cells into the sickle shape as shown in this diagram. Now, these sickle shaped red blood cells can aggregate and clog the tiny capillaries found in our cardiovascular system and this can result in painful swelling, impaired blood flow, increased risk of stroke as a result of poor blood flow to the brain, as well as increased risk of pathogenic infection as a result of the impaired blood flow. Now, in addition to these different results, these abnormal shaped red blood cells, the sequel shaped red blood cells, have a shorter lifespan. And what that means is that will cause these red blood cells to die quicker.