So if there is an abnormality in this process, how can that lead to cancer? So we said that phosphatases are these proteins which are used to reverse the effects of protein kinases and that essentially shuts down this process. Now, just like any other protein in our chromosomes, in our DNA, we have genes that code for phosphatases. So for any given phosphatase, we have one gene that comes from the father and the other gene that comes from the mother. So let's suppose we have this homologous pair of chromosomes and this is the gene that let's say comes from the mother. And this is the gene showed in blue that comes from the father.