We examined London dispersion forces, also sometimes known as vandalbal forces. And we also discussed the hydrophobic interactions and the hydrophobic effect. Now we also discussed how the solvent in which the reaction is in can influence the pathway of that reaction and the final structure of that molecule. For example, we said that the majority of the reactions that take place in nature and specifically in our body take place in water. So water is the universal natural solvent and the properties of water can influence the reaction pathway as we'll see in just a moment. We also spoke about thermodynamics and how in any reaction we always have to remember that that reaction has to obey the laws of thermodynamics.