And by pumping our protons, our hydrogen ions, down our electrochemical gradient, we rotate the proton rings, which in turn rotates the rod and the sleeve, which in turn rotates the rest of our Flagellum structure. And this rotation creates the motion of our Flagellum. Now, whenever our Flagellum in prokaryotic cells rotates counterclockwise, that creates a unidirectional emotion, meaning our cell moves along one axis, along one direction. But if our prokaryotic cell wants to actually change direction, it can rotate clockwise in the opposite direction, and that changes the entire direction of motion of that prokaryotic organism. So once again, the protein rings found in the inner membrane of our cell of our bacterial, the gram negative bacteria, the proton rings, act as proton pumps that allow the movement of hydrogen ions across the cell membrane down their electrochemical gradient. This movement of ion rotates our entire Flagella in our counterclockwise direction, and that allows the movement of our cell in one direction.