We also have something called a genotype and something called a phenotype. Now, before we look at these terms, let's actually recall the following fact. In any diploid organism, if we examine a somatic cell of a diploid organism, we'll see that for every chromosome in that somatic cell, there is always a homologous chromosome. So two homologous chromosomes basically are chromosomes that not only have the same type of size, shape and structure, but also carry genes that code for proteins that express the same type of trade. So, to see what we mean, let's take a look at the following homologous pair. So, we have two chromosomes which are said to be homologous with respect to one another.