In fact, this entire upper layer of the epidermis, which consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead cells, consists of nothing but cells that contain carotene. No nuclei, no organelles, only our carotene. And this makes our skin impermeable to water. Now, within our Stratum spinosum, we also have the Langerhond cells that are responsible for basically protecting our skin from bacterial agents. So if we look at the following diagram, we have the stem cells merkel cells, melanocytes in the Stratum basil. Within our spinosum we have these living caroteneocides as well as these Langerhon cells shown in blue.