And in step number three, the ATP is actually released into the matrix of the mitochondria. Now, I have to emphasize the following important point. So this Heximer structure, this hexamer structure here can actually carry out each one of these steps. But step one and two can take place in the absence or in the presence of the proton motive four. So what that means is step one and two can be carried out in the absence or presence of that proton electrochemical gradient. So step one and two can take place regardless of whether or not we actually have this f zero region present within ATP synthase.