And these water molecules basically pass along that hydrophilic narrow passageway in a single file. So this passageway is so narrow that they can only make their way across in a single file. And so essentially, this one bumps this one as a result of electrostatic repulsion it, propels it to move this way, and that process continues. And this is so effective and so efficient that 1 million of these water molecules move along this channel every single second. Now, what about these positive charges? So basically, as a result of the presence of these positive charges at the center of that passageway, ions, for instance, hydronium ions or protons, will not be able to make their way across this channel.