And in the final step, which is actually catalyzed by E three, dihydrolipole dehydrogenase. This actually reforms the oxidized version of lipoamide, which is basically a coenzyme that is used in this process. And what it also does is it generates the NADH molecule. So what about the five Co enzymes that are used by this protein complex. Well, we have thymine pyrophosphate TPP, which is basically used in step one. And this is actually a prosthetic group that is attached onto pyruvate dehydrogenase, and we'll see what it's used for in just a moment.