So insulin binds onto the insulin receptor that creates a conformational change on the inner portion of the receptor and that causes a self asphorylation process. And what that does is it basically transforms the IRS molecules from the inactive into the active form by phosphorylating these IRS molecules. Remember IRS stands for insulin receptors substrate. Now these insulin receptorsubstrate molecules in their active form they basically follow a series of steps that ultimately helps activate protein kinases into the active form. So this is basically the insulin signal transduction pathway and once these protein kinases are activated they go on to stimulate target enzyme and target proteins. And in this particular case these protein kinases go on to inactivate glycogen synthase kinase into the inactive form.