Normally we synthesize DNA to RNA, but in this case it goes from RNA to DNA in the opposite process. So HIV is a retrovirus, which means it has an enzyme called reverse transcriptase that can form viral DNA from the viral RNA. So these blue molecules, once inside the cytoplasm attached to the red RNA molecules and they begin to synthesize the viral DNA. Now, once the viral DNA is synthesized, it moves into the nucleus of that helper T cell and an enzyme known as Integrase, shown in green, basically binds onto that DNA of that cell. It clips it and opens it at a certain position and it inserts, it incorporates that viral DNA into that original genome, original DNA of the helper T cell. And now this is an infected helper T cell.