We also have a derivative of lipoic acid known as lipoamide. And we'll talk about what that does in just a moment. And then we have the coenzyme A, which basically acts as the carrier molecule for the CETL group. The two carbon component that is removed from the pyruvate, the fad flavin adenineucleotide, is used to pick up the two electrons. And then those two electrons are transferred onto the NAD plus nicotine adenine dinucleotide to form the NADH in the final step, as we'll see in a moment. So let's begin by summarizing the first three steps of this reaction.