And that will become important in just a moment in step four, as we'll see in just a moment. So let's move on to step three. Once we form these plasmids, we now want to insert these plasmids into actual bacterial cells. So what happens is we take these plasmids, we mix them with bacterial cells, and some of these bacterial cells uptake these plasmids via the process of transformation. So what happens at the end of step three is we have this collection of bacterial cells and some of these cells will have the plasma and some of them will not. Now another thing that I should mention about these bacterial cells is these bacterial cells do not actually have resistance to antibiotics unless they have a plasma that has the gene that codes for protein that gives that cell resistance to drugs.