And as the proton gradient is generated, that is then used to basically create ATP molecules. So it's not the citric acid cycle that creates the ATP, but it's the oxidative osphorylation processes that take place across electron transport chain proteins that ultimately forms these ATP molecules. So notice that no high energy ATP molecules are actually formed in the citric acid cycle. And this is simply because the citric acid cycle is actually the gateway to forming the ATP. It doesn't actually form the ATP. What it does is it harvests these high energy electrons.