But step one and two can take place in the absence or in the presence of the proton motive four. So what that means is step one and two can be carried out in the absence or presence of that proton electrochemical gradient. So step one and two can take place regardless of whether or not we actually have this f zero region present within ATP synthase. So regardless of whether or not we have that proton electrochemical gradient, dehexemur can bind the ATP and orthophosphates and can actually convert them into ATP. But for the ATP synthase to actually be able to release the synthesized ATP molecule there has to be a proton electrochemical gradient that must exist between the two sides of the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Because only when the F Naught structure actually rotates when the C ring rotates will the gamma structure rotate and only then will that structure be able to actually release the ATP molecule.