So once again, when the cells need NADPH much more than ribose phyphosphate molecules, the cells can actually transform this pentose sugar, the ribosphy phosphate, into specific glycolytic intermediates via the non oxidative phase. So we have the oxidative phase and the non oxidative phase and this constitutes the pentos phosphate pathway. Now the non oxidative phase of the pencils phosphate pathway can be broken down into four processes. So we have process one, process two, process three, and process four. So let's begin by focusing on process one. Now, in process one, we actually have two steps.