Kneading in a bowl is time-consuming and doesn't give as good a result as kneading on a flat surface, however I'll concentrate on cleaning.
First, don't let things dry out, it's much easier to clean when things are moist, if you do let it dry out moisten it and let it soften before you try and clean it.
Use cold water as hot water makes starches and proteins stick a lot more.
Next, invest in a curved dough scraper, and use it to scrape out the dough scraps from the bowl into the garbage before you clean it.
A curved plastic one works best as it has a bit of flex, although in a pinch you can use a big metal spoon.
I scrape by bowl pretty much clean before I put it into the sink.
Use the flat of the scraper to clear most of the dough and flour from your countertop, then spray down with water, let it soak for a few minutes, then scrape again.
Once you have it scraped well sponge it down.
cooking.stackexchange.com/users/19707/GdD
Alternatively (with respect to @GdD's answer), let it dry out completely .
Totally dry dough doesn't stick all that well to many surfaces (glass, plastic, non-stick).
It then chips/scrapes off quite easily.
If I get it on my oak worktops and don't notice immediately, that's what I do, scraping with a plastic scraper or a butter knife, even a fingernail on the last bits; the same approach works on my stand mixer bowl and dough hook.
With some containers you may need to soak a few stubborn bits especially if they're caught in corners, but oiled wood doesn't like that.
If you are clearing up wet, very wet is the way to go, and a brush clogs less than a sponge.
I hand-work my dough either on a pastry mat or if that's dirty non-stick sheet (which isn't non-stick against dough unless well-floured, but cleans easily).
These are both fairly easy to wash up.
cooking.stackexchange.com/users/20413/Chris H
Amazed nobody else has given the easiest answer, which is to soak it in warm soapy water for a while (at least a few minutes, up to an hour) before scrubbing it out.
It makes everything soft and partially dissolved and it just wipes away.
cooking.stackexchange.com/users/84142/Uncle Long Hair
For handwashing: Use a dishwand instead of a sponge (the dough won't stick to the plastic bristles).
Use warm rather than hot water, to avoid 'cooking' the starch onto things - but no need to use cold water.
Alternatively: Scrape as much of the dough as you can into the bin with a plastic spatula.
Then put it the bowl in the dishwasher.
cooking.stackexchange.com/users/84985/D Greenwood
and any sponge I use for it gets ruined afterwards
I had the same problem until I started to use a brush like this one (courtesy of Ikea https://www.ikea.com/fr/fr/p/rinnig-brosse-a-vaisselle-vert-90407811/ )
It really makes a difference: cleaning the brush is much easier, including greasy/oily substances (in addition to sticky substances like dough in your case)
cooking.stackexchange.com/users/58050/WoJ
I've been making my first steps in baking recently. I usually knead the dough in the same large bowl I mix the dough in to minimize the mess but it's still a pain to wash the bowl and any sponge I use for it gets ruined afterwards.Any advice on how to make washing off dough?
How to clean up after kneading dough?
cooking.stackexchange.com
<baking><bread><dough><cleaning>
cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/108949
cooking.stackexchange.com/users/80519/cyan txt
It is easier to clean dough before it dries, so first scrape as much dough away as possible with a spatula or dough scraper before soaking in warm (but not hot) water, which will loosen the dough without cooking it onto the bowl surface. When cleaning, use a brush rather than a sponge, as this will clog much less easily. When cleaning bread dough from surfaces, the first step is to scrape away as much dough as possible, using a readiil available scraper. The next step is to clean while the dough is still wet. There is some debate as to whether hot or cold water is best. A brush is better for cleaning than a sponge.
Clean bread dough while still wet. There is a debate about whether warm or cold water is best.  Use a brush rather than sponge for cleaning. Scrape as much of the dough off the surafce before washing. Specially scrapers are available for this purpose.