Mystcraft is a mod that includes many different world generation features including a Void Age which is exactly what you describe.
If you aren't partial against cheating then the notebook obtainable via the Creative Mode inventory will have all the different symbols available already learnt so that you can custom build whatever type of age you like.
The only other way is to use a map editing tool such as MCEdit to create a blank map, however this is limited to what you pre-generate as there's no way to make Minecraft generate blank chunks by default.
gaming.stackexchange.com/users/9364/Matthew Scharley
You can use MCEdit to create a completely blank world in vanilla Minecraft.
Just create a world from scratch, and add some blank chunks.
Your world will have nothing at all in it.
A couple of warnings, however: New chunks generated will be normal, since there is no way to make a "blank world" seed.
You'll need to make as many chunks as you need in MCEdit.
If you don't place any blocks at all, even if you edit the world in creative mode, you will not be able to add any new blocks to the world since there are no preexisting blocks to place new blocks on top of.
You might want to add just one as a starting point.
gaming.stackexchange.com/users/11967/Alexis King
When creating a world, choose the Superflat world type, clickCustomize, and remove all the layers.
gaming.stackexchange.com/users/39729/Ashtoin1
This is pretty easy.
When creating a new world, select superflat type, click customize, go to presets, and replace the text in the preset box with 2;0;1 .
Then once you have created the world, use this command to place a block.
/setblock
~ ~ ~ minecraft:stone
gaming.stackexchange.com/users/73420/DatEpicCoderGuyWhoPrograms
If you don't mind using bukkit , there's a CleanroomGenerator plugin.
You can then copy that world back to a vanilla one.
gaming.stackexchange.com/users/88/Zommuter
If you use MCEdit, and you don't need a rediculous amount of layers.
You can use layercontrol to select the layers you want and delete them.
Then, if you use the chunk control to create superflat chunks there and set the height to 1 and turn off grass, it will make a layer of bedrock right at the bottom.
Then all you need to do is select and replace the bedrock with air!
gaming.stackexchange.com/users/53325/Ipiano
Is it possible to hack level.dat to make world generate new chunks with nothing but air blocks?   Or is there any tool to create such world?  Is it possible to give that world file to someone with vanilla Minecraft, and newly generated chunks will be without blocks too?
How to generate an empty world in Minecraft?
gaming.stackexchange.com
<minecraft-java-edition>
gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/80279
gaming.stackexchange.com/users/30714/Andrew Isaev
Mystcraft includes many world generation features. You can also use MCEdit to create a completely blank world. Minecraft offers the option to create a flat world but few users seem to prefer using a plug in.
Usage of plug ins and third party software is recommended. There is an ingame option to do such a thing.