### Question
How is the term geothermal heat pump defined?


### Answer
The term **geothermal heat pump** is defined in *42 U.S.C. § 17195a* as the following:

> a system that provides heating and cooling by exchanging heat from shallow geology, groundwater, or surface water using—


(A) a closed loop system, which transfers heat by way of buried or immersed pipes that contain a mix of water and working fluid

#### Citation:
  - *42 U.S.C. § 17195a*
  - Heading: **CHAPTER 152-ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY > SUBCHAPTER V-ACCELERATED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT > Part B-Geothermal Energy**

