### Question
How is the "amateur athlete” means an athlete who meets the eligibility standards established by the national governing body or paralympic sports organization for the sport in which the athlete competes (36 U.S.C. 22501(b)(1)).[1](#2001_1_target)


#### (4) Gene doping


The term “gene doping" defined?


### Answer
The term **amateur athlete” means an athlete who meets the eligibility standards established by the national governing body or paralympic sports organization for the sport in which the athlete competes (36 U.S.C. 22501(b)(1)).[1](#2001_1_target)


#### (4) Gene doping


The term “gene doping** is defined in *21 U.S.C. § 2001* as follows -

> the nontherapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic elements, or of the modulation of gene expression, having the capacity to enhance athletic performance

#### Citation:
  - *21 U.S.C. § 2001*
  - Heading: **CHAPTER 25-MISCELLANEOUS ANTI-DRUG ABUSE PROVISIONS > SUBCHAPTER I-ANTI-DOPING AGENCY**

