### Question
How does the law define independent expenditure?


### Answer
Under *2 U.S.C. § 431*, **independent expenditure** is defined as:

> an expenditure by a person—


(A) expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate

#### Citation:
  - *2 U.S.C. § 431*
  - Heading: **CHAPTER 14-FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS > SUBCHAPTER I-DISCLOSURE OF FEDERAL CAMPAIGN FUNDS**

