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Input: But Americans' concerns about the technological capabilities of their own nation relative to those of the USSR didn't fully bloom until two months later  after the Soviets had launched a dog to space and the United States' first attempt to loft a satellite had failed spectacularly  said  former NASA Chief Historian Roger Launius . [Sputnik 1! 7 Fun Facts About Humanity's First Satellite]
"The way I tend to phrase it is  you get three strikes  and you're out "  Launius  told Space.com.
The launch of the beach-ball-size Sputnik 1 did not come as a shock to American national-security officials  who had expected something big was in the works. But it did catch  the public off-guard  Launius  said.
"The media at the time asked him a couple of questions about Sputnik  and then they moved on to other things "  Launius  said. "The big story of the day was the Little Rock crisis — are you going to bring in federal troops to desegregate the Little Rock [Arkansas] school system?"
But the mood shifted noticeably on Nov. 3  1957  when the USSR successfully launched Sputnik 2 to orbit   Launius  said.
"It certainly salved the open wound; there's no doubt about that "  Launius  said of Explorer 1  which famously discovered the Van Allen radiation belts surrounding Earth.
But this success didn't erase all memories of the wound. Over time  the three-tiered Sputnik moment spurred the U.S. government to ramp up the nation's technological capabilities   Launius  said.

Sputnik moments: Trio of spaceflight events shook US in 1957