Definition: In this task, you're given a statement, and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine which sentence clearly disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3' corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence.
Input: Statement: Many economists agree that spending both on education and on general research and development (R and D) enhances future economic capacity and, conceptually, should be considered investment. Choices:  1. Economists agree that education and research spending is an investment in national security. 2. Economists agree that education and research spending is an investment. 3. Economists agree that education and research spending is an waste.

3