Definition: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
Input: Many viruses induce hepatitis in humans, highlighting the need to understand the underlying mechanisms of virus-induced liver pathology. The murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), causes acute hepatitis in its natural host and provides a useful model for understanding virus interaction with liver cells. The MHV accessory protein, ns2, antagonizes the type I interferon response and promotes hepatitis. We show that ns2 has 2 0 ,5 0 -phosphodiesterase activity, which blocks the interferon inducible 2 0 ,5 0 -oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)-RNase L pathway to facilitate hepatitis development. Ns2 cleaves 2 0 ,5 0 -oligoadenylate, the product of OAS, to prevent activation of the cellular endoribonuclease RNase L and consequently block viral RNA degradation. An ns2 mutant virus was unable to replicate in the liver or induce hepatitis in wild-type mice, but was highly pathogenic in RNase L deficient mice. Thus, RNase L is a critical cellular factor for protection against viral infection of the liver and the resulting hepatitis. Cell Host & Microbe 11, 607-616, June 14, 2012 ª2012 Elsevier Inc. 607 (A and B) BMMs, derived from RNase L À/À or PKR À/À mice were infected (0.01 PFU/cell). At the indicated times, titers of viruses in the cell lysates combined with supernatants were determined by plaque assay (n = 3). (C) BMMs derived from B6 or RNase L À/À mice were infected (MOI = 0.01 PFU/cell). At 48 hr p.i., the cells were stained with anti-MHV N antibody and Hoechst. The scale bar represents 100 mm.

Article Antagonism of the Interferon-Induced OAS-RNase L Pathway by Murine Coronavirus ns2 Protein Is Required for Virus Replication and Liver Pathology